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Liu L, Mao Y, Zheng J, Hu S, Wang T, Shao Z, Li Z, Jian Y, Li Y, Meng F, Li Y, Wang Q. Water saving irrigation mediates bioactive pigments metabolism and storage capacity in tomato fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108477. [PMID: 38442626 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Tomato fruit consumption is influenced by flavor and nutrient quality. In the present study, we investigate the impact of water saving irrigation (WSI) as a pre-harvest management on flavor and nutrient quality of tomato fruit. Our results demonstrate that WSI-treated tomato fruit exhibited improved sensory scores as assessed by a taste panel, accompanied by elevated levels of SlGLK2 expression, sugars, acids, and carotenoid contents compared to non-treated fruit. Notably, WSI treatment significantly enhanced the development of chloroplast and plastoglobulus in chromoplast, which served as carotenoid storage sites and upregulated the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes. Furthermore, integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed heightened expression of sugar and flavonoid metabolism pathways in WSI-treated tomato fruit. Remarkably, the master regulator SlMYB12 displayed a substantially increased expression due to WSI. These findings suggest that WSI is an effective and sustainable approach to enhance the pigments metabolism and storage capacity as well as the organoleptic characteristics and nutritional value of tomato fruit, offering a win-win solution for both water conservation and quality improvement in agro-food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuanyu Mao
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jirong Zheng
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Songshen Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tonglin Wang
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yue Jian
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuening Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Liu C, Duan N, Chen X, Li X, Zhao N, Cao W, Li H, Liu B, Tan F, Zhao X, Li Q. Transcriptome Profiling and Chlorophyll Metabolic Pathway Analysis Reveal the Response of Nitraria tangutorum to Increased Nitrogen. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:895. [PMID: 36840241 PMCID: PMC9962214 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To identify genes that respond to increased nitrogen and assess the involvement of the chlorophyll metabolic pathway and associated regulatory mechanisms in these responses, Nitraria tangutorum seedlings were subjected to four nitrogen concentrations (N0, N6, N36, and N60: 0, 6, 36, and 60 mmol·L-1 nitrogen, respectively). The N. tangutorum seedling leaf transcriptome was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 4000), and 332,420 transcripts and 276,423 unigenes were identified. The numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were 4052 in N0 vs. N6, 6181 in N0 vs. N36, and 3937 in N0 vs. N60. Comparing N0 and N6, N0 and N36, and N0 and N60, we found 1101, 2222, and 1234 annotated DEGs in 113, 121, and 114 metabolic pathways, respectively, classified in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Metabolic pathways with considerable accumulation were involved mainly in anthocyanin biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. N36 increased δ-amino levulinic acid synthesis and upregulated expression of the magnesium chelatase H subunit, which promoted chlorophyll a synthesis. Hence, N36 stimulated chlorophyll synthesis rather than heme synthesis. These findings enrich our understanding of the N. tangutorum transcriptome and help us to research desert xerophytes' responses to increased nitrogen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Liu
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Na Duan
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China
- National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Ulan Buh Desert Comprehensive Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Dengkou 015200, China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China
- National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Ulan Buh Desert Comprehensive Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Dengkou 015200, China
| | - Xu Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Naqi Zhao
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China
- National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Ulan Buh Desert Comprehensive Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Dengkou 015200, China
| | - Wenxu Cao
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Huiqing Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Fengsen Tan
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiulian Zhao
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qinghe Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
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3
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Gan Y, Kou Y, Yan F, Wang X, Wang H, Song X, Zhang M, Zhao X, Jia R, Ge H, Yang S. Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Reveals the Adaptive Molecular Mechanism of Yellow-Green Leaf in Rosa beggeriana 'Aurea'. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:845662. [PMID: 35401615 PMCID: PMC8987444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.845662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rosa beggeriana 'Aurea' is a yellow-green leaf (yl) mutant and originated from Rosa beggeriana Schrenk by 60Co-γ irradiation, which is an important ornamental woody species. However, the molecular mechanism of the yl mutant remains unknown. Herein, comparative transcriptome profiling was performed between the yl type and normal green color type (WT) by RNA sequencing. A total of 3,372 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, consisting of 1,585 upregulated genes and 1,787 downregulated genes. Genes that took part in metabolic of biological process (1,090), membrane of cellular component (728), catalytic (1,114), and binding of molecular function (840) were significantly different in transcription level. DEGs involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, carotenoids biosynthesis, cutin, suberine, wax biosynthesis, photosynthesis, chloroplast development, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) components, CO2 fixation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis related genes were downregulated. Meanwhile, linoleic acid metabolism, siroheme biosynthesis, and carbon source of pigments biosynthesis through methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathways were upregulated. Moreover, a total of 147 putative transcription factors were signification different expression, involving NAC, WRKY, bHLH, MYB and AP2/ERF, C2H2, GRAS, and bZIP family gene. Our results showed that the disturbed pigments biosynthesis result in yl color by altering the ratio of chlorophylls and carotenoids in yl mutants. The yl mutants may evoke other metabolic pathways to compensate for the photodamage caused by the insufficient structure and function of chloroplasts, such as enhanced MEP pathways and linoleic acid metabolism against oxidative stress. This research can provide a reference for the application of leaf color mutants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gan
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Kou
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yan
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongqian Wang
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangshang Song
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruidong Jia
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ge
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Alves FRR, Lira BS, Pikart FC, Monteiro SS, Furlan CM, Purgatto E, Pascoal GB, Andrade SCDS, Demarco D, Rossi M, Freschi L. Beyond the limits of photoperception: constitutively active PHYTOCHROME B2 overexpression as a means of improving fruit nutritional quality in tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2027-2041. [PMID: 32068963 PMCID: PMC7540714 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptor engineering has recently emerged as a means for improving agronomically beneficial traits in crop species. Despite the central role played by the red/far-red photoreceptor phytochromes (PHYs) in controlling fruit physiology, the applicability of PHY engineering for increasing fleshy fruit nutritional content remains poorly exploited. In this study, we demonstrated that the fruit-specific overexpression of a constitutively active GAF domain Tyr252 -to-His PHYB2 mutant version (PHYB2Y252H ) significantly enhances the accumulation of multiple health-promoting antioxidants in tomato fruits, without negative collateral consequences on vegetative development. Compared with the native PHYB2 overexpression, PHYB2Y252H -overexpressing lines exhibited more extensive increments in transcript abundance of genes associated with fruit plastid development, chlorophyll biosynthesis and metabolic pathways responsible for the accumulation of antioxidant compounds. Accordingly, PHYB2Y252H -overexpressing fruits developed more chloroplasts containing voluminous grana at the green stage and overaccumulated carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids and ascorbate in ripe fruits compared with both wild-type and PHYB2-overexpressing lines. The impacts of PHYB2 or PHYB2Y252H overexpression on fruit primary metabolism were limited to a slight promotion in lipid biosynthesis and reduction in sugar accumulation. Altogether, these findings indicate that mutation-based adjustments in PHY properties represent a valuable photobiotechnological tool for tomato biofortification, highlighting the potential of photoreceptor engineering for improving quality traits in fleshy fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Rocha Rodrigues Alves
- Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
- Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade Federal de GoiásGoiásGOBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição ExperimentalUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Grazieli Benedetti Pascoal
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição ExperimentalUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
- Curso de Graduação em NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de UberlândiaMinas GeraisMGBrazil
| | | | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
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Christian RW, Hewitt SL, Roalson EH, Dhingra A. Genome-Scale Characterization of Predicted Plastid-Targeted Proteomes in Higher Plants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8281. [PMID: 32427841 PMCID: PMC7237471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastids are morphologically and functionally diverse organelles that are dependent on nuclear-encoded, plastid-targeted proteins for all biochemical and regulatory functions. However, how plastid proteomes vary temporally, spatially, and taxonomically has been historically difficult to analyze at a genome-wide scale using experimental methods. A bioinformatics workflow was developed and evaluated using a combination of fast and user-friendly subcellular prediction programs to maximize performance and accuracy for chloroplast transit peptides and demonstrate this technique on the predicted proteomes of 15 sequenced plant genomes. Gene family grouping was then performed in parallel using modified approaches of reciprocal best BLAST hits (RBH) and UCLUST. A total of 628 protein families were found to have conserved plastid targeting across angiosperm species using RBH, and 828 using UCLUST. However, thousands of clusters were also detected where only one species had predicted plastid targeting, most notably in Panicum virgatum which had 1,458 proteins with species-unique targeting. An average of 45% overlap was found in plastid-targeted protein-coding gene families compared with Arabidopsis, but an additional 20% of proteins matched against the full Arabidopsis proteome, indicating a unique evolution of plastid targeting. Neofunctionalization through subcellular relocalization is known to impart novel biological functions but has not been described before on a genome-wide scale for the plastid proteome. Further work to correlate these predicted novel plastid-targeted proteins to transcript abundance and high-throughput proteomics will uncover unique aspects of plastid biology and shed light on how the plastid proteome has evolved to influence plastid morphology and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Christian
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Seanna L Hewitt
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Eric H Roalson
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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Lv J, Shang L, Chen Y, Han Y, Yang X, Xie S, Bai W, Hu M, Wu H, Lei K, Yang Y, Ge S, Trinh HP, Zhang Y, Guo L, Wang Z. OsSLC1 Encodes a Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein Essential for Early Chloroplast Development and Seedling Survival. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 13:25. [PMID: 32297039 PMCID: PMC7160225 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The large family of pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins is widely distributed among land plants. Such proteins play vital roles in intron splicing, RNA editing, RNA processing, RNA stability and RNA translation. However, only a small number of PPR genes have been identified in rice. RESULTS In this study, we raised a mutant from tissue-culture-derived plants of Oryza sativa subsp. japonica 'Zhonghua 11', which exhibited a lethal chlorosis phenotype from germination to the third-leaf stage. The mutant was designated seedling-lethal chlorosis 1 (slc1). The slc1 mutant leaves showed extremely low contents of photosynthetic pigments and abnormal chloroplast development, and were severely defective in photosynthesis. Map-based cloning of OsSLC1 revealed that a single base (G) deletion was detected in the first exon of Os06g0710800 in the slc1 mutant, which caused a premature stop codon. Knockout and complementation experiments further confirmed that OsSLC1 is responsible for the seedling-lethal chlorosis phenotype in the slc1 mutant. OsSLC1 was preferentially expressed in green leaves, and encoded a chloroplast-localized PPR protein harboring 12 PPR motifs. Loss-of-function of OsSLC1 affected the intron splicing of multiple group II introns, and especially precluded the intron splicing of rps16, and resulted in significant increase in the transcript levels of 3 chloroplast ribosomal RNAs and 16 chloroplast development-related and photosynthesis-related genes, and in significant reduction in the transcript levels of 1 chloroplast ribosomal RNAs and 2 chloroplast development-related and photosynthesis-related genes. CONCLUSION We characterized a novel chloroplast-localized PPR protein, OsSLC1, which plays a vital role in the intron splicing of multiple group II introns, especially the rps16 intron, and is essential for early chloroplast development and seedling survival in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124 China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Research Center for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Yao Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Shuzhang Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Wenqin Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Mingyu Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Hong Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Kairong Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
| | - Ya’nan Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124 China
| | - Shengzhen Ge
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Hai Phuong Trinh
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Research Center for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006 China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research, Biotechnology Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329 China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006 China
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7
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Wu X, Gong D, Xia F, Dai C, Zhang X, Gao X, Wang S, Qu X, Sun Y, Liu G. A two-step mutation process in the double WS1 homologs drives the evolution of burley tobacco, a special chlorophyll-deficient mutant with abnormal chloroplast development. PLANTA 2019; 251:10. [PMID: 31776784 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The functional homologs WS1A and WS1B, identified by map-based cloning, control the burley character by affecting chloroplast development in tobacco, contributing to gene isolation and genetic improvement in polyploid crops. Burley represents a special type of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar that is characterized by a white stem with a high degree of chlorophyll deficiency. Although important progress in the research of burley tobacco has been made, the molecular mechanisms underlying this character remain unclear. Here, on the basis of our previous genetic analyses and preliminary mapping results, we isolated the White Stem 1A (WS1A) and WS1B genes using a map-based cloning approach. WS1A and WS1B are functional homologs with completely identical biological functions and highly similar expression patterns that control the burley character in tobacco. WS1A and WS1B are derived from Nicotiana sylvestris and Nicotiana tomentosiformis, the diploid ancestors of Nicotiana tabacum, respectively. The two genes encode zinc metalloproteases of the M50 family that are highly homologous to the Ethylene-dependent Gravitropism-deficient and Yellow-green 1 (EGY1) protein of Arabidopsis and the Lutescent 2 (L2) protein of tomato. Transmission electron microscopic examinations indicated that WS1A and WS1B are involved in the development of chloroplasts by controlling the formation of thylakoid membranes, very similar to that observed for EGY1 and L2. The genotyping of historical tobacco varieties revealed that a two-step mutation process occurred in WS1A and WS1B during the evolution of burley tobacco. We also discussed the strategy for gene map-based cloning in polyploid plants with complex genomes. This study will facilitate the identification of agronomically important genes in tobacco and other polyploid crops and provide insights into crop improvement via molecular approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Daping Gong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Changbo Dai
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xingwei Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Shaomei Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xu Qu
- Qingdao Tobacco Seed Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Guanshan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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8
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Lande NV, Barua P, Gayen D, Kumar S, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N. Proteomic dissection of the chloroplast: Moving beyond photosynthesis. J Proteomics 2019; 212:103542. [PMID: 31704367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast, the photosynthetic machinery, converts photoenergy to ATP and NADPH, which powers the production of carbohydrates from atmospheric CO2 and H2O. It also serves as a major production site of multivariate pro-defense molecules, and coordinate with other organelles for cell defense. Chloroplast harbors 30-50% of total cellular proteins, out of which 80% are membrane residents and are difficult to solubilize. While proteome profiling has illuminated vast areas of biological protein space, a great deal of effort must be invested to understand the proteomic landscape of the chloroplast, which plays central role in photosynthesis, energy metabolism and stress-adaptation. Therefore, characterization of chloroplast proteome would not only provide the foundation for future investigation of expression and function of chloroplast proteins, but would open up new avenues for modulation of plant productivity through synchronizing chloroplastic key components. In this review, we summarize the progress that has been made to build new understanding of the chloroplast proteome and implications of chloroplast dynamicsing generate metabolic energy and modulating stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Vikram Lande
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pragya Barua
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Dipak Gayen
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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9
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Gao S, Gao W, Liao X, Xiong C, Yu G, Yang Q, Yang C, Ye Z. The tomato WV gene encoding a thioredoxin protein is essential for chloroplast development at low temperature and high light intensity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:265. [PMID: 31221088 PMCID: PMC6585109 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloroplast biogenesis, a complex process in higher plants, is the key to photoautotrophic growth in plants. White virescent (wv) mutants have been used to unfold the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of chloroplast development and chloroplast gene expression in plants. However, most of genes controlling white virescent phenotype still remain unknown. RESULTS In this study, we identified a temperature- and light intensity-sensitive mutant, named as wv. The content of chlorophyll was dramatically decreased in the immature leaves of wv mutant under the conditions of low temperature and high-light intensity. TEM observation showed that the chloroplasts in the young leaves of wv mutant lacked an organized thylakoid membrane, whereas crescent-shaped chloroplasts with well-developed stromal and stacked grana thylakoids in the mature leaves were developed. Immunoblot analyses suggested that proteins of photosynthetic complexes were decreased substantially in wv mutants. Based on map-based cloning and transgenic analysis, we determined that the wv phenotype was caused by single base mutation in the first intron of WV gene, which encoded a thioredoxin protein with 365 amino acids. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of WV gene was significantly down-regulated in wv mutant. In addition, knockdown of WV gene through RNAi also resulted in white virescent young leaves, suggesting that the mutation possibly blocks the differentiation of chloroplasts through inhibiting the expression of WV gene. Furthermore, the expression of WV peaked in apical buds and gradually decreased along with the developmental stage, which was consistent with the wv mutant phenotype. Expression analysis of chloroplast-encoded genes by qRT-PCR showed that the wv mutation affected the expression pattern of chloroplast-encoded PEP dependent genes. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that wv mutant was sensitive to low temperature and light intensity. WV gene was essential for chloroplast differentiation. A single base mutation in the first intron resulted in down-regulation of WV gene expression, which inhibited the expression of chloroplast-encoded genes, thereby blocking chloroplast formation and chlorophyll synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Cash Crops Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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10
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Meng L, Fan Z, Zhang Q, Wang C, Gao Y, Deng Y, Zhu B, Zhu H, Chen J, Shan W, Yin X, Zhong S, Grierson D, Jiang CZ, Luo Y, Fu DQ. BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN 11 regulates chloroplast development and chlorophyll synthesis in tomato fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:1126-1140. [PMID: 29659108 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast development and chlorophyll(Chl)metabolism in unripe tomato contribute to the growth and quality of the fruit, however these mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we initially investigated seven homeobox-containing transcription factors (TFs) with specific ripening-associated expression patterns using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology and found that inhibiting the expression of one of these TFs, BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN11 (SlBEL11), significantly increased Chl levels in unripe tomato fruit. This enhanced Chl accumulation was further validated by generating stable RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic lines. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of RNAi-SlBEL11 fruit at the mature green (MG) stage showed that 48 genes involved in Chl biosynthesis, photosynthesis and chloroplast development were significantly upregulated compared with the wild type (WT) fruit. Genomic global scanning for Homeobox TF binding sites combined with RNA-seq differential gene expression analysis showed that 22 of these 48 genes were potential target genes of SlBEL11 protein. These genes included Chl biosynthesis-related genes encoding for protochlorophyllide reductase (POR), magnesium chelatase H subunit (CHLH) and chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO), and chloroplast development-related genes encoding for chlorophyll a/b binding protein (CAB), homeobox protein knotted 2 (TKN2) and ARABIDOPSIS PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 2-LIKE (APRR2-like). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (ChIP-qPCR) assays were employed to verify that SlBEL11 protein could bind to the promoters for TKN2, CAB and POR. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that SlBEL11 plays an important role in chloroplast development and Chl synthesis in tomato fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhuan Meng
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhongqi Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yikang Deng
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xueren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Silin Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Da-Qi Fu
- Laboratory of Fruit Biology, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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11
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Fristedt R. Chloroplast function revealed through analysis of GreenCut2 genes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2111-2120. [PMID: 28369575 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are the green plastids responsible for light-powered photosynthetic reactions and carbon assimilation in the plant cell. Our knowledge of chloroplast functions is constantly increasing and we now know this plastid is predicted to house around 3000 proteins. However, even with generous estimates, we do not know the function of more than 10-15% of these proteins. The next frontier in chloroplast research is to identify and characterize the function of the whole chloroplast proteome, a challenging task due to the inherent complexity a proteome possesses. A logical starting point is to identify and study proteins that have been determined experimentally to be localized in the chloroplast, conserved only among the photosynthetic lineage. These are the proteins with the most probable and important roles in chloroplast function. This review gives an introduction to the GreenCut2, a collection of proteins present only in photosynthetic organisms. By using recent large scale proteomics data, this cut was narrowed to include only those proteins experimentally verified to be localized in the chloroplast, and more specifically to the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane. By using highly informative bioinformatic approaches, the theoretical functional prediction for several of these uncharacterized GreenCut2 proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Fristedt
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam,Amsterdam,the Netherlands
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12
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Larkin RM. Tetrapyrrole Signaling in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1586. [PMID: 27807442 PMCID: PMC5069423 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tetrapyrroles make critical contributions to a number of important processes in diverse organisms. In plants, tetrapyrroles are essential for light signaling, the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, the assimilation of nitrate and sulfate, respiration, photosynthesis, and programed cell death. The misregulation of tetrapyrrole metabolism can produce toxic reactive oxygen species. Thus, it is not surprising that tetrapyrrole metabolism is strictly regulated and that tetrapyrrole metabolism affects signaling mechanisms that regulate gene expression. In plants and algae, tetrapyrroles are synthesized in plastids and were some of the first plastid signals demonstrated to regulate nuclear gene expression. In plants, the mechanism of tetrapyrrole-dependent plastid-to-nucleus signaling remains poorly understood. Additionally, some of experiments that tested ideas for possible signaling mechanisms appeared to produce conflicting data. In some instances, these conflicts are potentially explained by different experimental conditions. Although the biological function of tetrapyrrole signaling is poorly understood, there is compelling evidence that this signaling is significant. Specifically, this signaling appears to affect the accumulation of starch and may promote abiotic stress tolerance. Tetrapyrrole-dependent plastid-to-nucleus signaling interacts with a distinct plastid-to-nucleus signaling mechanism that depends on GENOMES UNCUOPLED1 (GUN1). GUN1 contributes to a variety of processes, such as chloroplast biogenesis, the circadian rhythm, abiotic stress tolerance, and development. Thus, the contribution of tetrapyrrole signaling to plant function is potentially broader than we currently appreciate. In this review, I discuss these aspects of tetrapyrrole signaling.
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13
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Pick TR, Weber APM. Unknown components of the plastidial permeome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:410. [PMID: 25191333 PMCID: PMC4137279 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Beyond their role in photosynthesis plastids provide a plethora of additional metabolic functions to plant cells. For example, they harbor complete biosynthetic pathways for the de novo synthesis of carotenoids, fatty acids, and amino acids. Furthermore plastids contribute important reactions to multi-compartmentalized pathways, such as photorespiration or plant hormone syntheses, and they depend on the import of essential molecules that they cannot synthesize themselves, such as ascorbic acid. This causes a high traffic of metabolites across the plastid envelope. Although it was recently shown that non-polar substrates could be exchanged between the plastid and the ER without involving transporters, various essential transport processes are mediated by highly selective but still unknown metabolite transporters. This review focuses on selected components of the plastidial permeome that are predicted to exist but that have not yet been identified as molecular entities, such as the transporters for isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) or ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas P. M. Weber
- *Correspondence: Andreas P. M. Weber, Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany e-mail:
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14
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Gläßer C, Haberer G, Finkemeier I, Pfannschmidt T, Kleine T, Leister D, Dietz KJ, Häusler RE, Grimm B, Mayer KFX. Meta-analysis of retrograde signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals a core module of genes embedded in complex cellular signaling networks. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1167-90. [PMID: 24719466 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plastid-to-nucleus signaling is essential for the coordination and adjustment of cellular metabolism in response to environmental and developmental cues of plant cells. A variety of operational retrograde signaling pathways have been described that are thought to be triggered by reactive oxygen species, photosynthesis redox imbalance, tetrapyrrole intermediates, and other metabolic traits. Here we report a meta-analysis based on transcriptome and protein interaction data. Comparing the output of these pathways reveals the commonalities and peculiarities stimulated by six different sources impinging on operational retrograde signaling. Our study provides novel insights into the interplay of these pathways, supporting the existence of an as-yet unknown core response module of genes being regulated under all conditions tested. Our analysis further highlights affiliated regulatory cis-elements and classifies abscisic acid and auxin-based signaling as secondary components involved in the response cascades following a plastidial signal. Our study provides a global analysis of structure and interfaces of different pathways involved in plastid-to-nucleus signaling and a new view on this complex cellular communication network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gläßer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (IBIS), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg Haberer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (IBIS), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Biozentrum der LMU München, Department of Biologie I-Botanik, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfannschmidt
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Dornburger Str. 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale (LPCV), CEA/CNRS/UJF iRTSV, CEA Grenoble 17, rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Biozentrum der LMU München, Department of Biologie I-Botanik, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Biozentrum der LMU München, Department of Biologie I-Botanik, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rainer Erich Häusler
- University of Cologne, Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicher Str. 47B, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie, AG Pflanzenphysiologie, Philippstrasse 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Franz Xaver Mayer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (IBIS), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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15
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Abstract
In addition to their contribution to metabolism, chloroplasts emit signals that influence the expression of nuclear genes that contribute to numerous plastidic and extraplastidic processes. Plastid-to-nucleus signalling optimizes chloroplast function, regulates growth and development, and affects responses to environmental cues. An incomplete list of plastid signals is available and particular plastid-to-nucleus signalling mechanisms are partially understood. The plastid-to-nucleus signalling that depends on the GENOMES UNCOUPLED (GUN) genes couples the expression of nuclear genes to the functional state of the chloroplast. Analyses of gun mutants provided insight into the mechanisms and biological functions of plastid-to-nucleus signalling. GUN genes contribute to chloroplast biogenesis, the circadian rhythm, stress tolerance, light signalling and development. Some have criticized the gun mutant screen for employing inhibitors of chloroplast biogenesis and suggested that gun alleles do not disrupt significant plastid-to-nucleus signalling mechanisms. Here, I briefly review GUN-dependent plastid-to-nucleus signalling, explain the flaws in the major criticisms of the gun mutant screen and review the influence of plastids on light signalling and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Larkin
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, Room 106 Plant Biology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Room 106 Plant Biology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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16
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Hlaváčková I, Vítámvás P, Šantrůček J, Kosová K, Zelenková S, Prášil IT, Ovesná J, Hynek R, Kodíček M. Proteins involved in distinct phases of cold hardening process in frost resistant winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv Luxor. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8000-24. [PMID: 23584021 PMCID: PMC3645728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Winter barley is an economically important cereal crop grown in higher latitudes and altitudes where low temperatures represent an important environmental constraint limiting crop productivity. In this study changes in proteome of leaves and crowns in a frost tolerant winter barley cv. Luxor in relation to short and long term periods of cold followed by a brief frost treatment were studied in order to disclose proteins responsible for the cold hardening process in distinct plant tissues. The mentioned changes have been monitored using two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) with subsequent peptide-mapping protein identification. Regarding approximately 600–700 distinct protein spots detected on 2D gels, there has been found at least a two-fold change after exposure to low temperatures in about 10% of proteins in leaves and 13% of proteins in crowns. Protein and nitrogen metabolic processes have been influenced by low temperature to a similar extent in both tissues while catabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and proteins involved in stress response have been more affected in crowns than in leaves. The range of changes in protein abundance was generally higher in leaves and chloroplast proteins were frequently affected which suggests a priority to protect photosynthetic apparatus. Overall, our data proved existence of slightly different response strategies to low temperature stress in crowns and leaves, i.e., tissues with different biological role. Moreover, there have been found several proteins with large increase in accumulation, e.g., 33 kDa oxygen evolving protein of photosystem II in leaves and “enhanced disease susceptibility 1” in crowns; these proteins might have potential to indicate an enhanced level of frost tolerance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Hlaváčková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (R.H.); (M.K.)
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (P.V.); (K.K.); (I.T.P.); (J.O.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420-220-444-384; Fax: +420-220-445-167
| | - Pavel Vítámvás
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (P.V.); (K.K.); (I.T.P.); (J.O.)
| | - Jiří Šantrůček
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (R.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Klára Kosová
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (P.V.); (K.K.); (I.T.P.); (J.O.)
| | - Sylva Zelenková
- Department of Plant Experimental Biology, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Ilja Tom Prášil
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (P.V.); (K.K.); (I.T.P.); (J.O.)
| | - Jaroslava Ovesná
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (P.V.); (K.K.); (I.T.P.); (J.O.)
| | - Radovan Hynek
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (R.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Milan Kodíček
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.Š.); (R.H.); (M.K.)
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17
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Rolland N, Curien G, Finazzi G, Kuntz M, Maréchal E, Matringe M, Ravanel S, Seigneurin-Berny D. The Biosynthetic Capacities of the Plastids and Integration Between Cytoplasmic and Chloroplast Processes. Annu Rev Genet 2012; 46:233-64. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Rolland
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Gilles Curien
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Marcel Kuntz
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Michel Matringe
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Stéphane Ravanel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Daphné Seigneurin-Berny
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
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18
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Barsan C, Zouine M, Maza E, Bian W, Egea I, Rossignol M, Bouyssie D, Pichereaux C, Purgatto E, Bouzayen M, Latché A, Pech JC. Proteomic analysis of chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition in tomato reveals metabolic shifts coupled with disrupted thylakoid biogenesis machinery and elevated energy-production components. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:708-25. [PMID: 22908117 PMCID: PMC3461550 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.203679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A comparative proteomic approach was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins in plastids at three stages of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening (mature-green, breaker, red). Stringent curation and processing of the data from three independent replicates identified 1,932 proteins among which 1,529 were quantified by spectral counting. The quantification procedures have been subsequently validated by immunoblot analysis of six proteins representative of distinct metabolic or regulatory pathways. Among the main features of the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition revealed by the study, chromoplastogenesis appears to be associated with major metabolic shifts: (1) strong decrease in abundance of proteins of light reactions (photosynthesis, Calvin cycle, photorespiration) and carbohydrate metabolism (starch synthesis/degradation), mostly between breaker and red stages and (2) increase in terpenoid biosynthesis (including carotenoids) and stress-response proteins (ascorbate-glutathione cycle, abiotic stress, redox, heat shock). These metabolic shifts are preceded by the accumulation of plastid-encoded acetyl Coenzyme A carboxylase D proteins accounting for the generation of a storage matrix that will accumulate carotenoids. Of particular note is the high abundance of proteins involved in providing energy and in metabolites import. Structural differentiation of the chromoplast is characterized by a sharp and continuous decrease of thylakoid proteins whereas envelope and stroma proteins remain remarkably stable. This is coincident with the disruption of the machinery for thylakoids and photosystem biogenesis (vesicular trafficking, provision of material for thylakoid biosynthesis, photosystems assembly) and the loss of the plastid division machinery. Altogether, the data provide new insights on the chromoplast differentiation process while enriching our knowledge of the plant plastid proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabel Egea
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
| | - Michel Rossignol
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
| | - David Bouyssie
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
| | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
| | - Alain Latché
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
| | - Jean-Claude Pech
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
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De Marchis F, Pompa A, Bellucci M. Plastid proteostasis and heterologous protein accumulation in transplastomic plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:571-81. [PMID: 22872774 PMCID: PMC3461539 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.203778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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20
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Yin L, Fristedt R, Herdean A, Solymosi K, Bertrand M, Andersson MX, Mamedov F, Vener AV, Schoefs B, Spetea C. Photosystem II function and dynamics in three widely used Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46206. [PMID: 23029436 PMCID: PMC3460815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Columbia-0 (Col-0), Wassilewskija-4 (Ws-4), and Landsberg erecta-0 (Ler-0) are used as background lines for many public Arabidopsis mutant collections, and for investigation in laboratory conditions of plant processes, including photosynthesis and response to high-intensity light (HL). The photosystem II (PSII) complex is sensitive to HL and requires repair to sustain its function. PSII repair is a multistep process controlled by numerous factors, including protein phosphorylation and thylakoid membrane stacking. Here we have characterized the function and dynamics of PSII complex under growth-light and HL conditions. Ws-4 displayed 30% more thylakoid lipids per chlorophyll and 40% less chlorophyll per carotenoid than Col-0 and Ler-0. There were no large differences in thylakoid stacking, photoprotection and relative levels of photosynthetic complexes among the three accessions. An increased efficiency of PSII closure was found in Ws-4 following illumination with saturation flashes or continuous light. Phosphorylation of the PSII D1/D2 proteins was reduced by 50% in Ws-4 as compared to Col-0 and Ler-0. An increase in abundance of the responsible STN8 kinase in response to HL treatment was found in all three accessions, but Ws-4 displayed 50% lower levels than Col-0 and Ler-0. Despite this, the HL treatment caused in Ws-4 the lagest extent of PSII inactivation, disassembly, D1 protein degradation, and the largest decrease in the size of stacked thylakoids. The dilution of chlorophyll-protein complexes with additional lipids and carotenoids in Ws-4 may represent a mechanism to facilitate lateral protein traffic in the membrane, thus compensating for the lack of a full complement of STN8 kinase. Nevertheless, additional PSII damage occurs in Ws-4, which exceeds the D1 protein synthesis capacity, thus leading to enhanced photoinhibition. Our findings are valuable for selection of appropriate background line for PSII characterization in Arabidopsis mutants, and also provide the first insights into natural variation of PSII protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rikard Fristedt
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andrei Herdean
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martine Bertrand
- National Institute for Marine Sciences and Techniques, Cnam, Cherbourg-Octeville, France
| | - Mats X. Andersson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander V. Vener
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Mer Molécules Santé, EA2160, LUNAM Université, Université du Maine à Le Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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21
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Barry CS, Aldridge GM, Herzog G, Ma Q, McQuinn RP, Hirschberg J, Giovannoni JJ. Altered chloroplast development and delayed fruit ripening caused by mutations in a zinc metalloprotease at the lutescent2 locus of tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:1086-98. [PMID: 22623517 PMCID: PMC3387696 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.197483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis in higher plants but also functions as the center of synthesis for primary and specialized metabolites including amino acids, fatty acids, starch, and diverse isoprenoids. Mutants that disrupt aspects of chloroplast function represent valuable tools for defining structural and biochemical regulation of the chloroplast and its interplay with whole-plant structure and function. The lutescent1 (l1) and l2 mutants of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) possess a range of chlorophyll-deficient phenotypes including reduced rates of chlorophyll synthesis during deetiolation and enhanced rates of chlorophyll loss in leaves and fruits as they age, particularly in response to high-light stress and darkness. In addition, the onset of fruit ripening is delayed in lutescent mutants by approximately 1 week although once ripening is initiated they ripen at a normal rate and accumulation of carotenoids is not impaired. The l2 locus was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 10 and positional cloning revealed the existence of a premature stop codon in a chloroplast-targeted zinc metalloprotease of the M50 family that is homologous to the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gene ETHYLENE-DEPENDENT GRAVITROPISM DEFICIENT AND YELLOW-GREEN1. Screening of tomato germplasm identified two additional l2 mutant alleles. This study suggests a role for the chloroplast in mediating the onset of fruit ripening in tomato and indicates that chromoplast development in fruit does not depend on functional chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius S Barry
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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22
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Bolle C, Schneider A, Leister D. Perspectives on Systematic Analyses of Gene Function in Arabidopsis thaliana: New Tools, Topics and Trends. Curr Genomics 2011; 12:1-14. [PMID: 21886450 PMCID: PMC3129038 DOI: 10.2174/138920211794520187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the sequencing of the nuclear genome of Arabidopsis thaliana ten years ago, various large-scale analyses of gene function have been performed in this model species. In particular, the availability of collections of lines harbouring random T-DNA or transposon insertions, which include mutants for almost all of the ~27,000 A. thaliana genes, has been crucial for the success of forward and reverse genetic approaches. In the foreseeable future, genome-wide phenotypic data from mutant analyses will become available for Arabidopsis, and will stimulate a flood of novel in-depth gene-function analyses. In this review, we consider the present status of resources and concepts for systematic studies of gene function in A. thaliana. Current perspectives on the utility of loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutants will be discussed in light of the genetic and functional redundancy of many A. thaliana genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bolle
- Lehrstuhl für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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23
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Griffing LR. Laser stimulation of the chloroplast/endoplasmic reticulum nexus in tobacco transiently produces protein aggregates (boluses) within the endoplasmic reticulum and stimulates local ER remodeling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2011; 4:886-95. [PMID: 21873618 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Does the ER subdomain that associates with the chloroplast in vivo, hereafter referred to as the chloroplast/ER nexus, play a role in protein flow within the ER? In studies of tobacco cells either constitutively or transiently expressing ER-retained luminal, GFP-HDEL, or trans-membrane, YFP-RHD3, fluorescent fusion proteins, brief 405-nm (3-6-mW) laser stimulation of the nexus causes a qualitative difference in the movement and behavior of proteins in the ER. Photostimulating the nexus produces fluorescent protein punctate aggregates (boluses) within the lumen and membrane of the ER. The aggregation propagates through the membrane network throughout the cell, but within minutes can revert to normal, with disaggregation propagating back toward the originally photostimulated nexus. In the meantime, the ER grows and anastomoses around the chloroplast, forming a dense cisternal and tubular network. If this network is again photostimulated, bolus formation does not recur and, if the photostimulation results in photobleaching, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching occurs as it would typically in areas away from the nexus. Bolus propagation is not mediated by the actin cytoskeleton, but can be reversed by pre-conditioning the cells for 30 min with high, 40-45°C, temperature (heat stress). Because it is not reversed with heat stress, the reorganization of the ER at the nexus following photostimulation is a separate event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence R Griffing
- 3258 TAMU, Biology Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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Löffelhardt W. The chlorarachniophyte nucleomorph is supplemented with host cell nucleus-encoded histones. Mol Microbiol 2011; 80:1413-6. [PMID: 21518391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In chlorarachniophytes, algae originating from secondary endosymbiosis, the complex plastids retained a nucleomorph, the vestigial nucleus of the green algal endosymbiont. The nucleomorph of Bigelowiella natans encodes several plastid-targeted proteins and hundreds of housekeeping proteins. However, many fundamental genes for the maintainance of this subcompartment are missing. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Hirakawa et al. (2011) demonstrate nuclear histone genes of dual evolutionary origin in B. natans and convincingly show the targeting of the corresponding proteins to nucleus and nucleomorph respectively. One of the ways through which the nuclear genome exerts control upon its endosymbiotic junior partner is revealed. Insights into the nature of bipartite targeting sequences directing the respective proteins into the periplastidal space (where the nucleomorph resides) are gained. Further, cell cycle-dependent, differential regulation is shown for both nuclear and nucleomorph histone genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Löffelhardt
- Max F Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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25
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Fischer K. The import and export business in plastids: transport processes across the inner envelope membrane. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 155:1511-9. [PMID: 21263040 PMCID: PMC3091126 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.170241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Fischer
- Institute for Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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26
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van Wijk KJ, Baginsky S. Plastid proteomics in higher plants: current state and future goals. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 155:1578-88. [PMID: 21350036 PMCID: PMC3091083 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.172932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaas J van Wijk
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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Alternative photosynthetic electron transport pathways during anaerobiosis in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:919-26. [PMID: 21376011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis uses light as energy source to generate an oxidant powerful enough to oxidize water into oxygen, electrons and protons. Upon linear electron transport, electrons extracted from water are used to reduce NADP(+) to NADPH. The oxygen molecule has been integrated into the cellular metabolism, both as the most efficient electron acceptor during respiratory electron transport and as oxidant and/or "substrate" in a number of biosynthetic pathways. Though photosynthesis of higher plants, algae and cyanobacteria produces oxygen, there are conditions under which this type of photosynthesis operates under hypoxic or anaerobic conditions. In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, this condition is induced by sulfur deficiency, and it results in the production of molecular hydrogen. Research on this biotechnologically relevant phenomenon has contributed largely to new insights into additional pathways of photosynthetic electron transport, which extend the former concept of linear electron flow by far. This review summarizes the recent knowledge about various electron sources and sinks of oxygenic photosynthesis besides water and NADP(+) in the context of their contribution to hydrogen photoproduction by C. reinhardtii. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.
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