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Zhao R, Wu WA, Huang YH, Li XK, Han JQ, Jiao W, Su YN, Zhao H, Zhou Y, Cao WQ, Zhang X, Wei W, Zhang WK, Song QX, He XJ, Ma B, Chen SY, Tao JJ, Yin CC, Zhang JS. An RRM domain protein SOE suppresses transgene silencing in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1724-1741. [PMID: 38509454 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Gene expression is regulated at multiple levels, including RNA processing and DNA methylation/demethylation. How these regulations are controlled remains unclear. Here, through analysis of a suppressor for the OsEIN2 over-expressor, we identified an RNA recognition motif protein SUPPRESSOR OF EIN2 (SOE). SOE is localized in nuclear speckles and interacts with several components of the spliceosome. We find SOE associates with hundreds of targets and directly binds to a DNA glycosylase gene DNG701 pre-mRNA for efficient splicing and stabilization, allowing for subsequent DNG701-mediated DNA demethylation of the transgene promoter for proper gene expression. The V81M substitution in the suppressor mutant protein mSOE impaired its protein stability and binding activity to DNG701 pre-mRNA, leading to transgene silencing. SOE mutation enhances grain size and yield. Haplotype analysis in c. 3000 rice accessions reveals that the haplotype 1 (Hap 1) promoter is associated with high 1000-grain weight, and most of the japonica accessions, but not indica ones, have the Hap 1 elite allele. Our study discovers a novel mechanism for the regulation of gene expression and provides an elite allele for the promotion of yield potentials in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wen-Ai Wu
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Hua Huang
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xin-Kai Li
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia-Qi Han
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wu Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin-Na Su
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - He Zhao
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wu-Qiang Cao
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qing-Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Jian He
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tao
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cui-Cui Yin
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Long Y, Wang C, Liu C, Li H, Pu A, Dong Z, Wei X, Wan X. Molecular mechanisms controlling grain size and weight and their biotechnological breeding applications in maize and other cereal crops. J Adv Res 2024; 62:27-46. [PMID: 37739122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cereal crops are a primary energy source for humans. Grain size and weight affect both evolutionary fitness and grain yield of cereals. Although studies on gene mining and molecular mechanisms controlling grain size and weight are constantly emerging in cereal crops, only a few systematic reviews on the underlying molecular mechanisms and their breeding applications are available so far. AIM OF REVIEW This review provides a general state-of-the-art overview of molecular mechanisms and targeted strategies for improving grain size and weight of cereals as well as insights for future yield-improving biotechnology-assisted breeding. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In this review, the evolution of research on grain size and weight over the last 20 years is traced based on a bibliometric analysis of 1158 publications and the main signaling pathways and transcriptional factors involved are summarized. In addition, the roles of post-transcriptional regulation and photosynthetic product accumulation affecting grain size and weight in maize and rice are outlined. State-of-the-art strategies for discovering novel genes related to grain size and weight in maize and other cereal crops as well as advanced breeding biotechnology strategies being used for improving yield including marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, transgenic breeding, and genome editing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology Breeding, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Huangai Li
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Aqing Pu
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology Breeding, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xun Wei
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology Breeding, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Research Institute of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Industry Research Institute of Biotechnology Breeding, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Beijing 100192, China.
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3
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Li XK, Huang YH, Zhao R, Cao WQ, Lu L, Han JQ, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Wu WA, Tao JJ, Wei W, Zhang WK, Chen SY, Ma B, Zhao H, Yin CC, Zhang JS. Membrane protein MHZ3 regulates the on-off switch of ethylene signaling in rice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5987. [PMID: 39013913 PMCID: PMC11252128 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethylene regulates plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. However, the early signaling events following ethylene perception, particularly in the regulation of ethylene receptor/CTRs (CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE) complex, remains less understood. Here, utilizing the rapid phospho-shift of rice OsCTR2 in response to ethylene as a sensitive readout for signal activation, we revealed that MHZ3, previously identified as a stabilizer of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (OsEIN2), is crucial for maintaining OsCTR2 phosphorylation. Genetically, both functional MHZ3 and ethylene receptors prove essential for OsCTR2 phosphorylation. MHZ3 physically interacts with both subfamily I and II ethylene receptors, e.g., OsERS2 and OsETR2 respectively, stabilizing their association with OsCTR2 and thereby maintaining OsCTR2 activity. Ethylene treatment disrupts the interactions within the protein complex MHZ3/receptors/OsCTR2, reducing OsCTR2 phosphorylation and initiating downstream signaling. Our study unveils the dual role of MHZ3 in fine-tuning ethylene signaling activation, providing insights into the initial stages of the ethylene signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Kai Li
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Hua Huang
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wu-Qiang Cao
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Long Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qi Han
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wen-Ai Wu
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tao
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - He Zhao
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Cui-Cui Yin
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- Key Lab of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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4
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Hu W, Wang R, Hao X, Li S, Zhao X, Xie Z, Wu S, Huang L, Tan Y, Tian L, Li D. OsLCD3 interacts with OsSAMS1 to regulate grain size via ethylene/polyamine homeostasis control. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:705-719. [PMID: 38703081 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
A fundamental question in developmental biology is how to regulate grain size to improve crop yields. Despite this, little is still known about the genetics and molecular mechanisms regulating grain size in crops. Here, we provide evidence that a putative protein kinase-like (OsLCD3) interacts with the S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase 1 (OsSAMS1) and determines the size and weight of grains. OsLCD3 mutation (lcd3) significantly increased grain size and weight by promoting cell expansion in spikelet hull, whereas its overexpression caused negative effects, suggesting that grain size was negatively regulated by OsLCD3. Importantly, lcd3 and OsSAMS1 overexpression (SAM1OE) led to large and heavy grains, with increased ethylene and decreased polyamines production. Based on genetic analyses, it appears that OsLCD3 and OsSAMS1 control rice grain size in part by ethylene/polyamine homeostasis. The results of this study provide a genetic and molecular understanding of how the OsLCD3-OsSAMS1 regulatory module regulates grain size, suggesting that ethylene/polyamine homeostasis is an appropriate target for improving grain size and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Shaozhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zijing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Sha Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Liqun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Lianfu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Dongping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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5
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Zhai M, Chen Y, Pan X, Chen Y, Zhou J, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Xiao G, Zhang H. OsEIN2-OsEIL1/2 pathway negatively regulates chilling tolerance by attenuating OsICE1 function in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2561-2577. [PMID: 38518060 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Low temperature severely affects rice development and yield. Ethylene signal is essential for plant development and stress response. Here, we reported that the OsEIN2-OsEIL1/2 pathway reduced OsICE1-dependent chilling tolerance in rice. The overexpressing plants of OsEIN2, OsEIL1 and OsEIL2 exhibited severe stress symptoms with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under chilling, while the mutants (osein2 and oseil1) and OsEIL2-RNA interference plants (OsEIL2-Ri) showed the enhanced chilling tolerance. We validated that OsEIL1 and OsEIL2 could form a heterxodimer and synergistically repressed OsICE1 expression by binding to its promoter. The expression of OsICE1 target genes, ROS scavenging- and photosynthesis-related genes were downregulated by OsEIN2 and OsEIL1/2, which were activated by OsICE1, suggesting that OsEIN2-OsEIL1/2 pathway might mediate ROS accumulation and photosynthetic capacity under chilling by attenuating OsICE1 function. Moreover, the association analysis of the seedling chilling tolerance with the haplotype showed that the lower expression of OsEIL1 and OsEIL2 caused by natural variation might confer chilling tolerance on rice seedlings. Finally, we generated OsEIL2-edited rice with an enhanced chilling tolerance. Taken together, our findings reveal a possible mechanism integrating OsEIN2-OsEIL1/2 pathway with OsICE1-dependent cascade in regulating chilling tolerance, providing a practical strategy for breeding chilling-tolerant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Zhai
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowu Pan
- Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqing Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Lyu Y, Dong X, Niu S, Cao R, Shao G, Sheng Z, Jiao G, Xie L, Hu S, Tang S, Wei X, Hu P. An orchestrated ethylene-gibberellin signaling cascade contributes to mesocotyl elongation and emergence of rice direct seeding. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1427-1439. [PMID: 38751025 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
A mechanized direct seeding of rice with less labor and water usage, has been widely adopted. However, this approach requires varieties that exhibit uniform seedling emergence. Mesocotyl elongation (ME) offers the main drive of fast emergence of rice seedlings from soils; nevertheless, its genetic basis remains unknown. Here, we identify a major rice quantitative trait locus Mesocotyl Elongation1 (qME1), an allele of the Green Revolution gene Semi-Dwarf1 (SD1), encoding GA20-oxidase for gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. ME1 expression is strongly induced by soil depth and ethylene. When rice grains are direct-seeded in soils, the ethylene core signaling factor OsEIL1 directly promotes ME1 transcription, accelerating bioactive GA biosynthesis. The GAs further degrade the DELLA protein SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1), alleviating its inhibition of rice PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR-LIKE13 (OsPIL13) to activate the downstream expansion gene OsEXPA4 and ultimately promote rice seedling ME and emergence. The ancient traits of long mesocotyl and strong emergence ability in wild rice and landrace were gradually lost in company with the Green Revolution dwarf breeding process, and an elite ME1-R allele (D349H) is found in some modern Geng varieties (long mesocotyl lengths) in northern China, which can be used in the direct seeding and dwarf breeding of Geng varieties. Furthermore, the ectopic and high expression of ME1 driven by mesocotyl-specific promoters resulted in rice plants that could be direct-seeded without obvious plant architecture or yield penalties. Collectively, we reveal the molecular mechanism of rice ME, and provide useful information for breeding new Green Revolution varieties with long mesocotyl suitable for direct-seeding practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xinli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shipeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ruijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lihong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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7
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Kong X, Xiong Y, Song X, Wadey S, Yu S, Rao J, Lale A, Lombardi M, Fusi R, Bhosale R, Huang G. Ethylene regulates auxin-mediated root gravitropic machinery and controls root angle in cereal crops. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1969-1980. [PMID: 38446735 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Root angle is a critical factor in optimizing the acquisition of essential resources from different soil depths. The regulation of root angle relies on the auxin-mediated root gravitropism machinery. While the influence of ethylene on auxin levels is known, its specific role in governing root gravitropism and angle remains uncertain, particularly when Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) core ethylene signaling mutants show no gravitropic defects. Our research, focusing on rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays), clearly reveals the involvement of ethylene in root angle regulation in cereal crops through the modulation of auxin biosynthesis and the root gravitropism machinery. We elucidated the molecular components by which ethylene exerts its regulatory effect on auxin biosynthesis to control root gravitropism machinery. The ethylene-insensitive mutants ethylene insensitive2 (osein2) and ethylene insensitive like1 (oseil1), exhibited substantially shallower crown root angle compared to the wild type. Gravitropism assays revealed reduced root gravitropic response in these mutants. Hormone profiling analysis confirmed decreased auxin levels in the root tips of the osein2 mutant, and exogenous auxin (NAA) application rescued root gravitropism in both ethylene-insensitive mutants. Additionally, the auxin biosynthetic mutant mao hu zi10 (mhz10)/tryptophan aminotransferase2 (ostar2) showed impaired gravitropic response and shallow crown root angle phenotypes. Similarly, maize ethylene-insensitive mutants (zmein2) exhibited defective gravitropism and root angle phenotypes. In conclusion, our study highlights that ethylene controls the auxin-dependent root gravitropism machinery to regulate root angle in rice and maize, revealing a functional divergence in ethylene signaling between Arabidopsis and cereal crops. These findings contribute to a better understanding of root angle regulation and have implications for improving resource acquisition in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhen Kong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yali Xiong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyun Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Samuel Wadey
- Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Suhang Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinliang Rao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Aneesh Lale
- Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Marco Lombardi
- Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Riccardo Fusi
- Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Rahul Bhosale
- Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502324, Hyderabad, India
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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8
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Li Y, Wang J, Gao Y, Pandey BK, Peralta Ogorek LL, Zhao Y, Quan R, Zhao Z, Jiang L, Huang R, Qin H. The OsEIL1-OsWOX11 transcription factor module controls rice crown root development in response to soil compaction. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2393-2409. [PMID: 38489602 PMCID: PMC11132869 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Optimizing the root architecture of crops is an effective strategy for improving crop yields. Soil compaction is a serious global problem that limits crop productivity by restricting root growth, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. Here, we show that ethylene stimulates rice (Oryza sativa) crown root development in response to soil compaction. First, we demonstrate that compacted soil promotes ethylene production and the accumulation of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 1 (OsEIL1) in rice roots, stimulating crown root primordia initiation and development, thereby increasing crown root number in lower stem nodes. Through transcriptome profiling and molecular analyses, we reveal that OsEIL1 directly activates the expression of WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 11 (OsWOX11), an activator of crown root emergence and growth, and that OsWOX11 mutations delay crown root development, thus impairing the plant's response to ethylene and soil compaction. Genetic analysis demonstrates that OsWOX11 functions downstream of OsEIL1. In summary, our results demonstrate that the OsEIL1-OsWOX11 module regulates ethylene action during crown root development in response to soil compaction, providing a strategy for the genetic modification of crop root architecture and grain agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yadi Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bipin K Pandey
- Plant and Crop Science Department, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas León Peralta Ogorek
- Plant and Crop Science Department, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruidang Quan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
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9
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Lu L, Chen X, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Wang Y, Xie S, Ma Y, Song Y, Zeng R. MicroRNA-encoded regulatory peptides modulate cadmium tolerance and accumulation in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1452-1470. [PMID: 38233741 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a vital role in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Recently, it has been discovered that some primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) encode regulatory short peptides called miPEPs. However, the presence of miPEPs in rice, and their functions in response to abiotic stresses, particularly stress induced by heavy metals, remain poorly understood. Here, we identified a functional small peptide (miPEP156e) encoded by pri-miR156e that regulates the expression of miR156 and its target SPL genes, thereby affecting miR156-mediated cadmium (Cd) tolerance in rice. Overexpression of miPEP156e led to decreased uptake and accumulation of Cd and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in plants under Cd stress, resulting in improved rice Cd tolerance, as observed in miR156-overexpressing lines. Conversely, miPEP156e mutants displayed sensitivity to Cd stress due to the elevated accumulation of Cd and ROS. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that miPEP156e improved rice Cd tolerance by modulating Cd transporter genes and ROS scavenging genes. Our study provides insights into the regulatory mechanism of miPEP156e in rice response to Cd stress and demonstrates the potential of miPEPs as an effective tool for improving crop abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology of Fujian Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siwen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinuo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology of Fujian Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology of Fujian Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Su M, Hou S. Ethylene insensitive 2 (EIN2) destiny shaper: The post-translational modification. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 295:154190. [PMID: 38460400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
PTMs (Post-Translational Modifications) of proteins facilitate rapid modulation of protein function in response to various environmental stimuli. The EIN2 (Ethylene Insensitive 2) protein is a core regulatory of the ethylene signaling pathway. Recent findings have demonstrated that PTMs, including protein phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and glycosylation, govern EIN2 trafficking, subcellular localization, stability, and physiological roles. The cognition of multiple PTMs in EIN2 underscores the stringent regulation of protein. Consequently, a thorough review of the regulatory role of PTMs in EIN2 functions will improve our profound comprehension of the regulation mechanism and various physiological processes of EIN2-mediated signaling pathways. This review discusses the evolution, functions, structure and characteristics of EIN2 protein in plants. Additionally, this review sheds light on the progress of protein ubiquitination, phosphorylation, O-Glycosylation in the regulation of EIN2 functions, and the unresolved questions and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifei Su
- Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Suiwen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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11
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Qiao J, Quan R, Wang J, Li Y, Xiao D, Zhao Z, Huang R, Qin H. OsEIL1 and OsEIL2, two master regulators of rice ethylene signaling, promote the expression of ROS scavenging genes to facilitate coleoptile elongation and seedling emergence from soil. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100771. [PMID: 37994014 PMCID: PMC10943563 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Successful emergence from the soil is a prerequisite for survival of germinating seeds in their natural environment. In rice, coleoptile elongation facilitates seedling emergence and establishment, and ethylene plays an important role in this process. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we report that ethylene promotes cell elongation and inhibits cell expansion in rice coleoptiles, resulting in longer and thinner coleoptiles that facilitate seedlings emergence from the soil. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation are upregulated and genes involved in ROS scavenging are downregulated in the coleoptiles of ethylene-signaling mutants. Further investigations showed that soil coverage promotes accumulation of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 1 (OsEIL1) and OsEIL2 in the upper region of the coleoptile, and both OsEIL1 and OsEIL2 can bind directly to the promoters of the GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (VTC1) gene OsVTC1-3 and the peroxidase (PRX) genes OsPRX37, OsPRX81, OsPRX82, and OsPRX88 to activate their expression. This leads to increased ascorbic acid content, greater peroxidase activity, and decreased ROS accumulation in the upper region of the coleoptile. Disruption of ROS accumulation promotes coleoptile growth and seedling emergence from soil. These findings deepen our understanding of the roles of ethylene and ROS in controlling coleoptile growth, and this information can be used by breeders to produce rice varieties suitable for direct seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Qiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruidang Quan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dinglin Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hua Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China.
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12
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Xie S, Luo H, Huang W, Jin W, Dong Z. Striking a growth-defense balance: Stress regulators that function in maize development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:424-442. [PMID: 37787439 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) cultivation is strongly affected by both abiotic and biotic stress, leading to reduced growth and productivity. It has recently become clear that regulators of plant stress responses, including the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonic acid (JA), together with reactive oxygen species (ROS), shape plant growth and development. Beyond their well established functions in stress responses, these molecules play crucial roles in balancing growth and defense, which must be finely tuned to achieve high yields in crops while maintaining some level of defense. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of recent research on the developmental functions of stress regulators, focusing specifically on maize. By unraveling the contributions of these regulators to maize development, we present new avenues for enhancing maize cultivation and growth while highlighting the potential risks associated with manipulating stress regulators to enhance grain yields in the face of environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Xie
- Maize Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- Maize Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Breeding of Major Crops, Fresh Corn Research Center of BTH, College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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13
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Qin H, Xiao M, Li Y, Huang R. Ethylene Modulates Rice Root Plasticity under Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:432. [PMID: 38337965 PMCID: PMC10857340 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Plants live in constantly changing environments that are often unfavorable or stressful. Root development strongly affects plant growth and productivity, and the developmental plasticity of roots helps plants to survive under abiotic stress conditions. This review summarizes the progress being made in understanding the regulation of the phtyohormone ethylene in rice root development in response to abiotic stresses, highlighting the complexity associated with the integration of ethylene synthesis and signaling in root development under adverse environments. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of ethylene in regulating root architecture and response to environmental signals can contribute to the genetic improvement of crop root systems, enhancing their adaptation to stressful environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (R.H.)
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Minggang Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China;
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (R.H.)
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
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14
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Zhang K, Gao W, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Xia Y, Zhang M, Bo Y, Lyu X, Hu Z, Yang J, Zhang M. Allelic variations of ClACO gene improve nitrogen uptake via ethylene-mediated root architecture in watermelon. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:199. [PMID: 37624448 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The ClACO gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase enabled highly efficient 15N uptake in watermelon. Nitrogen is one of the most essential nutrient elements that play a pivotal role in regulating plant growth and development for crop productivity. Elucidating the genetic basis of high nitrogen uptake is the key to improve nitrogen use efficiency for sustainable agricultural productivity. Whereas previous researches on nitrogen absorption process are mainly focused on a few model plants or crops. To date, the causal genes that determine the efficient nitrogen uptake of watermelon have not been mapped and remains largely unknown. Here, we fine-mapped the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ClACO) gene associated with nitrogen uptake efficiency in watermelon via bulked segregant analysis (BSA). The variations in the ClACO gene led to the changes of gene expression levels between two watermelon accessions with different nitrogen uptake efficiencies. Intriguingly, in terms of the transcript abundance of ClACO, it was concomitant with significant differences in ethylene evolutions in roots and root architectures between the two accessions and among the different genotypic offsprings of the recombinant BC2F1(ZJU132)-18. These findings suggest that ethylene as a negative regulator altered nitrogen uptake efficiency in watermelon by controlling root development. In conclusion, our current study will provide valuable target gene for precise breeding of 'green' watermelon varieties with high-nitrogen uptake efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimei Zhou
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoshun Zhao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuelin Xia
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China.
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15
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Huang YH, Han JQ, Ma B, Cao WQ, Li XK, Xiong Q, Zhao H, Zhao R, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Wei W, Tao JJ, Zhang WK, Qian W, Chen SY, Yang C, Yin CC, Zhang JS. A translational regulator MHZ9 modulates ethylene signaling in rice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4674. [PMID: 37542048 PMCID: PMC10403538 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene plays essential roles in rice growth, development and stress adaptation. Translational control of ethylene signaling remains unclear in rice. Here, through analysis of an ethylene-response mutant mhz9, we identified a glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine (GYF) domain protein MHZ9, which positively regulates ethylene signaling at translational level in rice. MHZ9 is localized in RNA processing bodies. The C-terminal domain of MHZ9 interacts with OsEIN2, a central regulator of rice ethylene signaling, and the N-terminal domain directly binds to the OsEBF1/2 mRNAs for translational inhibition, allowing accumulation of transcription factor OsEIL1 to activate the downstream signaling. RNA-IP seq and CLIP-seq analyses reveal that MHZ9 associates with hundreds of RNAs. Ribo-seq analysis indicates that MHZ9 is required for the regulation of ~ 90% of genes translationally affected by ethylene. Our study identifies a translational regulator MHZ9, which mediates translational regulation of genes in response to ethylene, facilitating stress adaptation and trait improvement in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jia-Qi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wu-Qiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin-Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenfeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chao Yang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Cui-Cui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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16
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Wei J, Wu XT, Li XY, Soppe WJJ, Cao H, Liu YX. Overexpression of Taetr1-1 promotes enhanced seed dormancy and ethylene insensitivity in wheat. PLANTA 2023; 258:56. [PMID: 37522994 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Taetr1-1 can promote enhanced seed dormancy and ethylene insensitivity in wheat, indicating a conserved function of ETR1 in regulating seed dormancy. Lots of wheat cultivars have weak dormant seed. Weak seed dormancy can cause pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in grain which significantly reduces grain yield and quality. The mining of causal genes of PHS resistance will serve to enhance breeding selection and cultivar development. In a previous study in Arabidopsis, we identified reduced dormancy 3 as a loss-of-function mutant of the ethylene receptor 1 (ETR1), which can control seed dormancy through the ERF12-TPL-DOG1 pathway. However, it is unknown whether ETR1 also functions in the regulation of wheat seed dormancy. To identify the regulatory role of ETR1 in wheat, we cloned TaETR1 and overexpressed the gain-of-function mutant Taetr1-1. The result indicated that overexpression of Taetr1-1 can promote enhanced seed dormancy and ethylene insensitivity in wheat. This study contributed to our understanding of the molecular basis for the regulation of wheat PHS resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing-Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | | | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Yong-Xiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Xie S, Liu H, Ma T, Shen S, Zheng H, Yang L, Liu L, Wei Z, Xin W, Zou D, Wang J. Global Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals the Defense and Response Mechanisms of Japonica Rice under Low Nitrogen Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097699. [PMID: 37175411 PMCID: PMC10178291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-based nutrients are the main factors affecting rice growth and development. As the nitrogen (N) application rate increased, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice decreased. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanism of rice plant morphological, physiological, and yield formation under low N conditions to improve NUE. In this study, changes in the rice morphological, physiological, and yield-related traits under low N (13.33 ppm) and control N (40.00 ppm) conditions were performed. These results show that, compared with control N conditions, photosynthesis and growth were inhibited and the carbon (C)/N and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) were enhanced under low N conditions. To understand the post-translational modification mechanism underlying the rice response to low N conditions, comparative phosphoproteomic analysis was performed, and differentially modified proteins (DMPs) were further characterized. Compared with control N conditions, a total of 258 DMPs were identified under low N conditions. The modification of proteins involved in chloroplast development, chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, phytohormones, and morphology-related proteins were differentially altered, which was an important reason for changes in rice morphological, physiological, and yield-related traits. Additionally, inconsistent changes in level of transcription and protein modification, indicates that the study of phosphoproteomics under low N conditions is also important for us to better understand the adaptation mechanism of rice to low N stress. These results provide insights into global changes in the response of rice to low N stress and may facilitate the development of rice cultivars with high NUE by regulating the phosphorylation level of carbon metabolism and rice morphology-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Suihua 152052, China
| | - Hualong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tianze Ma
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongliang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Luomiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lichao Liu
- Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Suihua 152052, China
| | - Zhonghua Wei
- Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Suihua 152052, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Detang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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18
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Yin CC, Huang YH, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Ethylene-mediated regulation of coleoptile elongation in rice seedlings. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1060-1074. [PMID: 36397123 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice is an important food crop in the world and the study of its growth and plasticity has a profound influence on sustainable development. Ethylene modulates multiple agronomic traits of rice as well as abiotic and biotic stresses during its lifecycle. It has diverse roles, depending on the organs, developmental stages and environmental conditions. Compared to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), rice ethylene signalling pathway has its own unique features due to its special semiaquatic living environment and distinct plant structure. Ethylene signalling and responses are part of an intricate network in crosstalk with internal and external factors. This review will summarize the current progress in the mechanisms of ethylene-regulated coleoptile growth in rice, with a special focus on ethylene signaling and interaction with other hormones. Insights into these molecular mechanisms may shed light on ethylene biology and should be beneficial for the genetic improvement of rice and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Hua Huang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INASEED, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Cheng J, Hill C, Han Y, He T, Ye X, Shabala S, Guo G, Zhou M, Wang K, Li C. New semi-dwarfing alleles with increased coleoptile length by gene editing of gibberellin 3-oxidase 1 using CRISPR-Cas9 in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:806-818. [PMID: 36587283 PMCID: PMC10037138 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The green revolution was based on genetic modification of the gibberellin (GA) hormone system with "dwarfing" gene mutations that reduces GA signals, conferring shorter stature, thus enabling plant adaptation to modern farming conditions. Strong GA-related mutants with shorter stature often have reduced coleoptile length, discounting yield gain due to their unsatisfactory seedling emergence under drought conditions. Here we present gibberellin (GA) 3-oxidase1 (GA3ox1) as an alternative semi-dwarfing gene in barley that combines an optimal reduction in plant height without restricting coleoptile and seedling growth. Using large-scale field trials with an extensive collection of barley accessions, we showed that a natural GA3ox1 haplotype moderately reduced plant height by 5-10 cm. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology, generated several novel GA3ox1 mutants and validated the function of GA3ox1. We showed that altered GA3ox1 activities changed the level of active GA isoforms and consequently increased coleoptile length by an average of 8.2 mm, which could provide essential adaptation to maintain yield under climate change. We revealed that CRISPR/Cas9-induced GA3ox1 mutations increased seed dormancy to an ideal level that could benefit the malting industry. We conclude that selecting HvGA3ox1 alleles offers a new opportunity for developing barley varieties with optimal stature, longer coleoptile and additional agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingye Cheng
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTASAustralia
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Camilla Hill
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Yong Han
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentSouth PerthWAAustralia
| | - Tianhua He
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTASAustralia
- School of Biological ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Ganggang Guo
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTASAustralia
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWAAustralia
- Agriculture and Food, Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentSouth PerthWAAustralia
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20
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Ma B, Ma T, Xian W, Hu B, Chu C. Interplay between ethylene and nitrogen nutrition: How ethylene orchestrates nitrogen responses in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:399-407. [PMID: 36053148 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The stress hormone ethylene plays a key role in plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Nitrogen (N) is the most quantitatively required mineral nutrient for plants, and its availability is a major determinant for crop production. Changes in N availability or N forms can alter ethylene biosynthesis and/or signaling. Ethylene serves as an important cellular signal to mediate root system architecture adaptation, N uptake and translocation, ammonium toxicity, anthocyanin accumulation, and premature senescence, thereby adapting plant growth and development to external N status. Here, we review the ethylene-mediated morphological and physiological responses and highlight how ethylene transduces the N signals to the adaptive responses. We specifically discuss the N-ethylene relations in rice, an important cereal crop in which ethylene is essential for its hypoxia survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tian Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenhao Xian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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21
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Jan R, Asaf S, Lubna, Asif S, Kim EG, Jang YH, Kim N, Al-Harrasi A, Lee GS, Kim KM. Enhancing the Expression of the OsF3H Gene in Oryza sativa Leads to the Regulation of Multiple Biosynthetic Pathways and Transcriptomic Changes That Influence Insect Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15308. [PMID: 36499636 PMCID: PMC9737463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The white-backed planthopper (WBPH) is a major pest of rice crops and causes severe loss of yield. We previously developed the WBPH-resistant rice cultivar "OxF3H" by overexpressing the OsF3H gene. Although there was a higher accumulation of the flavonoids kaempferol (Kr) and quercetin (Qu) as well as salicylic acid (SA) in OxF3H transgenic (OsF3H or Trans) plants compared to the wild type (WT), it is still unclear how OsF3H overexpression affects these WBPH resistant-related changes in gene expression in OxF3H plants. In this study, we analyze RNA-seq data from OxF3H and WT at several points (0 h, 3 h, 12 h, and 24 h) after WBPH infection to explain how overall changes in gene expression happen in these two cultivars. RT-qPCR further validated a number of the genes. Results revealed that the highest number of DEGs (4735) between the two genotypes was detected after 24 h of infection. Interestingly, it was found that several of the DEGs between the WT and OsF3H under control conditions were also differentially expressed in OsF3H in response to WBPH infestation. These results indicate that significant differences in gene expression between the "OxF3H" and "WT" exist as the infection time increases. Many of these DEGs were related to oxidoreductase activity, response to stress, salicylic acid biosynthesis, metabolic process, defense response to pathogen, cellular response to toxic substance, and regulation of hormone levels. Moreover, genes involved in salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (Et) biosynthesis were upregulated in OxF3H plants, while jasmonic acid (JA), brassinosteroid (Br), and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways were found downregulated in OxF3H plants during WBPH infestation. Interestingly, many DEGs related to pathogenesis, such as OsPR1, OsPR1b, OsNPR1, OsNPR3, and OsNPR5, were found to be significantly upregulated in OxF3H plants. Additionally, genes related to the MAPKs pathway and about 30 WRKY genes involved in different pathways were upregulated in OxF3H plants after WBPH infestation. This suggests that overexpression of the OxF3H gene leads to multiple transcriptomic changes and impacts plant hormones and pathogenic-related and secondary-metabolites-related genes, enhancing the plant's resistance to WBPH infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatullah Jan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 611, Oman
| | - Lubna
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Asif
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gyeong Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Jang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 611, Oman
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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22
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Qiu J, Liu Z, Xie J, Lan B, Shen Z, Shi H, Lin F, Shen X, Kou Y. Dual impact of ambient humidity on the virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae and basal resistance in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3399-3411. [PMID: 36175003 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Humidity is a critical environmental factor affecting the epidemic of plant diseases. However, it is still unclear how ambient humidity affects the occurrence of diseases in plants. In this study, we show that high ambient humidity enhanced blast development in rice plants under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, we found that high ambient humidity enhanced the virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae by promoting conidial germination and appressorium formation. In addition, the results of RNA-sequencing analysis and the ethylene content assessment revealed that high ambient humidity suppressed the accumulation of ethylene and the activation of ethylene signaling pathway induced by M. oryzae in rice. Knock out of ethylene signaling genes OsEIL1 and OsEIN2 or exogenous application of 1-methylcyclopropene (ethylene inhibitor) and ethephon (ethylene analogues) eliminated the difference of blast resistance between the 70% and 90% relative humidity conditions, suggesting that the activation of ethylene signaling contributes to humidity-modulated basal resistance against M. oryzae in rice. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that high ambient humidity enhances the virulence of M. oryzae and compromises basal resistance by reducing the activation of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in rice. Results from this study provide cues for novel strategies to control rice blast under global environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory Of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Bo Lan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenan Shen
- State Key Laboratory Of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanbin Shi
- State Key Laboratory Of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Regional Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (CTGU)/Biotechnology Research Center, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yanjun Kou
- State Key Laboratory Of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Shao Z, Zhao B, Kotla P, Burns JG, Tran J, Ke M, Chen X, Browning KS, Qiao H. Phosphorylation status of Bβ subunit acts as a switch to regulate the function of phosphatase PP2A in ethylene-mediated root growth inhibition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1762-1778. [PMID: 36073540 PMCID: PMC9828452 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The various combinations and regulations of different subunits of phosphatase PP2A holoenzymes underlie their functional complexity and importance. However, molecular mechanisms governing the assembly of PP2A complex in response to external or internal signals remain largely unknown, especially in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the phosphorylation status of Bβ of PP2A acts as a switch to regulate the activity of PP2A. In the absence of ethylene, phosphorylated Bβ leads to an inactivation of PP2A; the substrate EIR1 remains to be phosphorylated, preventing the EIR1-mediated auxin transport in epidermis, leading to normal root growth. Upon ethylene treatment, the dephosphorylated Bβ mediates the formation of the A2-C4-Bβ protein complex to activate PP2A, resulting in the dephosphorylation of EIR1 to promote auxin transport in epidermis of elongation zone, leading to root growth inhibition. Altogether, our research revealed a novel molecular mechanism by which the dephosphorylation of Bβ subunit switches on PP2A activity to dephosphorylate EIR1 to establish EIR1-mediated auxin transport in the epidermis in elongation zone for root growth inhibition in response to ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyao Shao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Prashanth Kotla
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Jackson G. Burns
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Jaclyn Tran
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Meiyu Ke
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Xu Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Karen S. Browning
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Hong Qiao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
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24
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Zhou Y, Ma B, Tao JJ, Yin CC, Hu Y, Huang YH, Wei W, Xin PY, Chu JF, Zhang WK, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Rice EIL1 interacts with OsIAAs to regulate auxin biosynthesis mediated by the tryptophan aminotransferase MHZ10/OsTAR2 during root ethylene responses. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4366-4387. [PMID: 35972379 PMCID: PMC9614475 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene plays essential roles in adaptive growth of rice (Oryza sativa). Understanding of the crosstalk between ethylene and auxin (Aux) is limited in rice. Here, from an analysis of the root-specific ethylene-insensitive rice mutant mao hu zi 10 (mhz10), we identified the tryptophan aminotransferase (TAR) MHZ10/OsTAR2, which catalyzes the key step in indole-3-pyruvic acid-dependent Aux biosynthesis. Genetically, OsTAR2 acts downstream of ethylene signaling in root ethylene responses. ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 like1 (OsEIL1) directly activated OsTAR2 expression. Surprisingly, ethylene induction of OsTAR2 expression still required the Aux pathway. We also show that Os indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)1/9 and OsIAA21/31 physically interact with OsEIL1 and show promotive and repressive effects on OsEIL1-activated OsTAR2 promoter activity, respectively. These effects likely depend on their EAR motif-mediated histone acetylation/deacetylation modification. The special promoting activity of OsIAA1/9 on OsEIL1 may require both the EAR motifs and the flanking sequences for recruitment of histone acetyltransferase. The repressors OsIAA21/31 exhibit earlier degradation upon ethylene treatment than the activators OsIAA1/9 in a TIR1/AFB-dependent manner, allowing OsEIL1 activation by activators OsIAA1/9 for OsTAR2 expression and signal amplification. This study reveals a positive feedback regulation of ethylene signaling by Aux biosynthesis and highlights the crosstalk between ethylene and Aux pathways at a previously underappreciated level for root growth regulation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biao Ma
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cui-Cui Yin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Hua Huang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pei-Yong Xin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Fang Chu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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25
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Low YC, Lawton MA, Di R. Ethylene insensitive 2 (EIN2) as a potential target gene to enhance Fusarium head blight disease resistance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111361. [PMID: 35760158 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum (Fg) severely affects cereal crops, especially wheat and barley. FHB results in significant yield loss, reduces grain quality and contaminates grains with mycotoxin. The development of FHB-resistant cereal cultivars can be expedited through CRISPR gene editing. The Arabidopsis ethylene insensitive 2 (AtEIN2) plays a key role in ethylene signaling pathway and is critical for monitoring plant growth and defense responses. RNAi down-regulation of the wheat homolog TaEIN2 has been shown to enhance wheat FHB resistance. Here we generated site-specific mutations in AtEIN2 by CRISPR-editing. Detached inflorescence infection assays revealed that AtEIN2 knock-out (KO) mutants displayed enhanced Fg resistance and substantially reduced Fg spore production in planta. Gene expression profiling of defense genes revealed that impairment of AtEIN2 resulted in down-regulation of the ethylene signaling pathway while the salicylic acid signaling pathway was unaffected. Complementation of AtEIN2-KO plants with a barley orthologue, HvEIN2, restored Fg susceptibility, indicating that HvEIN2 is functionally equivalent to its Arabidopsis counterpart and, hence, may have a similar role in conditioning barley Fg susceptibility. These results provide insight into the defense role of EIN2 and a molecular and functional foundation for manipulating HvEIN2 to enhance FHB resistance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Chen Low
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael A Lawton
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rong Di
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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26
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Liu C, Ma T, Yuan D, Zhou Y, Long Y, Li Z, Dong Z, Duan M, Yu D, Jing Y, Bai X, Wang Y, Hou Q, Liu S, Zhang J, Chen S, Li D, Liu X, Li Z, Wang W, Li J, Wei X, Ma B, Wan X. The OsEIL1-OsERF115-target gene regulatory module controls grain size and weight in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1470-1486. [PMID: 35403801 PMCID: PMC9342608 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grain size is one of the essential determinants of rice yield. Our previous studies revealed that ethylene plays an important role in grain-size control; however, the precise mechanism remains to be determined. Here, we report that the ethylene response factor OsERF115 functions as a key downstream regulator for ethylene-mediated grain development. OsERF115 encodes an AP2/ERF-type transcriptional factor that is specifically expressed in young spikelets and developing caryopses. Overexpression of OsERF115 significantly increases grain length, width, thickness and weight by promoting longitudinal elongation and transverse division of spikelet hull cells, as well as enhancing grain-filling activity, whereas its knockout mutations lead to the opposite effects, suggesting that OsERF115 positively regulates grain size and weight. OsERF115 transcription is strongly induced by ethylene, and OsEIL1 directly binds to the promoter to activate its expression. OsERF115 acts as a transcriptional repressor to directly or indirectly modulate a set of grain-size genes during spikelet growth and endosperm development. Importantly, haplotype analysis reveals that the SNP variations in the EIN3-binding sites of OsERF115 promoter are significantly associated with the OsERF115 expression levels and grain weight, suggesting that natural variations in the OsERF115 promoter contribute to grain-size diversity. In addition, the OsERF115 orthologues are identified only in grass species, implying a conserved and unique role in the grain development of cereal crops. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of ethylene-mediated grain-size control and a potential strategy based on the OsEIL1-OsERF115-target gene regulatory module for genetic improvement of rice yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Tian Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dingyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceHunan Hybrid Rice Research CentreChangshaChina
- College of AgronomyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yan Long
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Ziwen Li
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Meijuan Duan
- College of AgronomyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Dong Yu
- College of AgronomyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yizhi Jing
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyue Bai
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Yanbo Wang
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Quancan Hou
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Jin‐Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shou‐Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Dayong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for VegetablesBeijing Vegetable Research CenterBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Xue Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for VegetablesBeijing Vegetable Research CenterBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Zhikang Li
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jinping Li
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Xun Wei
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Biao Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Shunde Graduate SchoolResearch Center of Biology and AgricultureZhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural BiosciencesUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio‐Tech BreedingBeijing Solidwill Sci‐Tech Co. Ltd.BeijingChina
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Ethylene inhibits rice root elongation in compacted soil via ABA- and auxin-mediated mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201072119. [PMID: 35858424 PMCID: PMC9335218 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201072119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive agriculture and changing tillage practices are causing soils to become increasingly compacted. Hard soils cause roots to accumulate the hormone ethylene, triggering reduced root elongation and increased radial swelling. We demonstrate that ethylene regulates these distinct root growth responses using different downstream signals, auxin, and abscisic acid (ABA). Auxin is primarily required to reduce cell elongation during a root compaction response, whereas ABA promotes radial cell expansion. Radial swelling was originally thought to aid root penetration in hard soil, yet rice ABA-deficient mutants disrupted in radial swelling of root tips penetrate compacted soil better than wild-type plants. The combined growth responses to auxin and ABA function to reduce the ability of roots to penetrate compacted soil. Soil compaction represents a major agronomic challenge, inhibiting root elongation and impacting crop yields. Roots use ethylene to sense soil compaction as the restricted air space causes this gaseous signal to accumulate around root tips. Ethylene inhibits root elongation and promotes radial expansion in compacted soil, but its mechanistic basis remains unclear. Here, we report that ethylene promotes abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and cortical cell radial expansion. Rice mutants of ABA biosynthetic genes had attenuated cortical cell radial expansion in compacted soil, leading to better penetration. Soil compaction-induced ethylene also up-regulates the auxin biosynthesis gene OsYUC8. Mutants lacking OsYUC8 are better able to penetrate compacted soil. The auxin influx transporter OsAUX1 is also required to mobilize auxin from the root tip to the elongation zone during a root compaction response. Moreover, osaux1 mutants penetrate compacted soil better than the wild-type roots and do not exhibit cortical cell radial expansion. We conclude that ethylene uses auxin and ABA as downstream signals to modify rice root cell elongation and radial expansion, causing root tips to swell and reducing their ability to penetrate compacted soil.
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Chen H, Zhang Q, Lv W, Yu X, Zhang Z. Ethylene positively regulates Cd tolerance via reactive oxygen species scavenging and apoplastic transport barrier formation in rice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:119063. [PMID: 35248615 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene regulates plant root growth and resistance to environment stress. However, the role and mechanism of ethylene signaling in response to Cd stress in rice remains unclear. Here, we revealed that ethylene signaling plays a positive role in the resistance of rice to Cd toxicity. Blocking the ethylene signal facilitated root elongation under normal conditions, but resulted in severe oxidative damage and inhibition of root growth under Cd stress. Conversely, ethylene signal enhancement by EIN2 overexpression caused root bending, similar to the response of roots to Cd stress, and displayed higher Cd tolerance than the wildtype (WT) plants. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicated EIN2-mediated upregulation of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and peroxidase activity under Cd stress. The synthesis of phenolic acids and flavonoids were positively regulated by ethylene. Thus, the ein2 (ethylene insensitive 2) mutants displayed lower ROS scavenging capacity than the WT. Moreover, a significant increase in Cd accumulation and relatively increased apoplastic flow were observed in the root apex of the ein2 mutant compared with the WT plants. Overall, EIN2-mediated Cd resistance in rice is mediated by the upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis and peroxidase activity to induce ROS scavenging, and apoplastic transport barrier formation reduces Cd uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Lv
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China.
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29
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Zhao Y, Cao X, Zhong W, Zhou S, Li Z, An H, Liu X, Wu R, Bohora S, Wu Y, Liang Z, Chen J, Yang X, Zhou G, Zhang T. A viral protein orchestrates rice ethylene signaling to coordinate viral infection and insect vector-mediated transmission. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:689-705. [PMID: 35032687 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses cause serious threats to human health and global agriculture by rapidly spreading via insect vectors. Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is the most damaging rice-infecting virus that is frequently transmitted by planthoppers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its propagation in the host plants and epidemics in the field are largely unknown. Here, we showed that the SRBSDV-encoded P6 protein is a key effector that regulates rice ethylene signaling to coordinate viral infection and transmission. In early SRBSDV infection, P6 interacts with OsRTH2 in the cytoplasm to activate ethylene signaling and enhance SRBSDV proliferation; this also repels the insect vector to reduce infestation. In late infection, P6 enters the nucleus, where it interacts with OsEIL2, a key transcription factor of ethylene signaling. The P6-OsEIL2 interaction suppresses ethylene signaling by preventing the dimerization of OsEIL2, thereby facilitating viral transmission by attracting the insect vector. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which an arbovirus modulates the host defense system to promote viral infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zhao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weihua Zhong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shunkang Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhanbiao Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong An
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Xiahua Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruifeng Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Surakshya Bohora
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenyi Liang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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30
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Qin H, Pandey BK, Li Y, Huang G, Wang J, Quan R, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Miao Y, Zhang D, Bennett MJ, Huang R. Orchestration of ethylene and gibberellin signals determines primary root elongation in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1273-1288. [PMID: 35021223 PMCID: PMC8972239 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary root growth in cereal crops is fundamental for early establishment of the seedling and grain yield. In young rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings, the primary root grows rapidly for 7-10 days after germination and then stops; however, the underlying mechanism determining primary root growth is unclear. Here, we report that the interplay of ethylene and gibberellin (GA) controls the orchestrated development of the primary root in young rice seedlings. Our analyses advance the knowledge that primary root growth is maintained by higher ethylene production, which lowers bioactive GA contents. Further investigations unraveled that ethylene signaling transcription factor ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE 1 (OsEIL1) activates the expression of the GA metabolism genes GIBBERELLIN 2-OXIDASE 1 (OsGA2ox1), OsGA2ox2, OsGA2ox3, and OsGA2ox5, thereby deactivating GA activity, inhibiting cell proliferation in the root meristem, and ultimately gradually inhibiting primary root growth. Mutation in OsGA2ox3 weakened ethylene-induced GA inactivation and reduced the ethylene sensitivity of the root. Genetic analysis revealed that OsGA2ox3 functions downstream of OsEIL1. Taken together, we identify a molecular pathway impacted by ethylene during primary root elongation in rice and provide insight into the coordination of ethylene and GA signals during root development and seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bipin K Pandey
- Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruidang Quan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiahao Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Author for correspondence: (R.H.), (M.J.B.), and (D.Z.)
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Future Food Beacon and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
- Author for correspondence: (R.H.), (M.J.B.), and (D.Z.)
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
- Author for correspondence: (R.H.), (M.J.B.), and (D.Z.)
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31
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Bagautdinova ZZ, Omelyanchuk N, Tyapkin AV, Kovrizhnykh VV, Lavrekha VV, Zemlyanskaya EV. Salicylic Acid in Root Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042228. [PMID: 35216343 PMCID: PMC8875895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone that mediates a plant’s defense against pathogens. SA also takes an active role in a plant’s response to various abiotic stresses, including chilling, drought, salinity, and heavy metals. In addition, in recent years, numerous studies have confirmed the important role of SA in plant morphogenesis. In this review, we summarize data on changes in root morphology following SA treatments under both normal and stress conditions. Finally, we provide evidence for the role of SA in maintaining the balance between stress responses and morphogenesis in plant development, and also for the presence of SA crosstalk with other plant hormones during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfira Z. Bagautdinova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.Z.B.); (N.O.); (A.V.T.); (V.V.K.); (V.V.L.)
| | - Nadya Omelyanchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.Z.B.); (N.O.); (A.V.T.); (V.V.K.); (V.V.L.)
| | - Aleksandr V. Tyapkin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.Z.B.); (N.O.); (A.V.T.); (V.V.K.); (V.V.L.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vasilina V. Kovrizhnykh
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.Z.B.); (N.O.); (A.V.T.); (V.V.K.); (V.V.L.)
| | - Viktoriya V. Lavrekha
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.Z.B.); (N.O.); (A.V.T.); (V.V.K.); (V.V.L.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena V. Zemlyanskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (Z.Z.B.); (N.O.); (A.V.T.); (V.V.K.); (V.V.L.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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32
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Xu J, Gad AG, Luo Y, Fan C, Uddin JBG, ul Ain N, Huang C, Zhang Y, Miao Y, Zheng X. Five OsS40 Family Members Are Identified as Senescence-Related Genes in Rice by Reverse Genetics Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:701529. [PMID: 34539694 PMCID: PMC8446524 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.701529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A total of 16 OsS40 genes of Oryza sativa were identified in our previous work, but their functions remain unclear. In this study, 13 OsS40 members were knocked out using the CRISPR/cas9 gene-editing technology. After screening phenotype characterization of CRISPR/Cas9 mutants compared to WT, five oss40s mutants exhibited a stay-green phenotype at 30 days after heading. Moreover, increased grain size and grain weight occurred in the oss40-1, oss40-12, and oss40-14 lines, while declined grain weight appeared in the oss40-7 and oss40-13 mutants. The transcript levels of several senescence-associated genes (SAGs), chlorophyll degradation-related genes (CDGs), as well as WRKY members were differentially decreased in the five stay-green oss40s mutants compared to WT. Five oss40 mutants also exhibited a stay-green phenotype when the detached leaves were incubated under darkness for 4 days. OsSWEET4 and OsSWEET1b were significantly upregulated, while OsSWEET1a and OsSWEET13 were significantly downregulated in both oss40-7 and oss40-14 compared to WT. Furthermore, these five OsS40 displayed strong transcriptional activation activity and were located in the nucleus. Most of the OsS40 genes were downregulated in the oss40-1, oss40-7, and oss40-12 mutants, but upregulated in the oss40-13 and oss40-14 mutants, indicating coordinated regulation among OsS40 members. These results suggest that OsS40-1, OsS40-7, OsS40-12, OsS40-13, and OsS40-14 are senescence-associated genes, involved in the senescence and carbon allocation network by modulating other OsS40 members, SWEET member genes, and senescence-related gene expression.
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33
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Yu J, Mao C, Zhong Q, Yao X, Li P, Liu C, Ming F. OsNAC2 Is Involved in Multiple Hormonal Pathways to Mediate Germination of Rice Seeds and Establishment of Seedling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:699303. [PMID: 34367219 PMCID: PMC8343022 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.699303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The germination of seeds and establishment of seedling are the preconditions of plant growth and are antagonistically regulated by multiple phytohormones, e.g., ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellic acid (GA). However, the interactions between these phytohormones and their upstream transcriptional regulation during the seed and seedling growth in rice remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated a rice NAC (NAM-ATAF-CUC) transcription factor, OsNAC2, the overexpression of which increases the ethylene sensitivity in rice roots during the seedling period. Further study proved that OsNAC2 directly activates the expressions of OsACO and OsACO3, enhancing ethylene synthesis, and then retards seedling establishment. Moreover, OsNAC2 delays the germination of seeds and coleoptile growth through the ABA pathway instead of the ethylene and GA pathway, by targeting the promoters of OsNCED3, OsZEP1, and OsABA8ox1. We also found that OsNAC2 regulates downstream targets in a time-dependent manner by binding to the promoter of OsKO2 in the seedling period but not in the germination stage. Our finding enriched the regulatory network of ethylene, ABA, and GA in the germination of rice seeds and seedling growth, and uncovered new insights into the difference of transcription factors in targeting their downstream components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chanjuan Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ming
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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34
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Chen K, Łyskowski A, Jaremko Ł, Jaremko M. Genetic and Molecular Factors Determining Grain Weight in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:605799. [PMID: 34322138 PMCID: PMC8313227 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.605799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Grain weight is one of the major factors determining single plant yield production of rice and other cereal crops. Research has begun to reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying grain weight as well as grain size, highlighting the importance of this research for plant molecular biology. The developmental trait of grain weight is affected by multiple molecular and genetic aspects that lead to dynamic changes in cell division, expansion and differentiation. Additionally, several important biological pathways contribute to grain weight, such as ubiquitination, phytohormones, G-proteins, photosynthesis, epigenetic modifications and microRNAs. Our review integrates early and more recent findings, and provides future perspectives for how a more complete understanding of grain weight can optimize strategies for improving yield production. It is surprising that the acquired wealth of knowledge has not revealed more insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. To accelerating molecular breeding of rice and other cereals is becoming an emergent and critical task for agronomists. Lastly, we highlighted the importance of leveraging gene editing technologies as well as structural studies for future rice breeding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrzej Łyskowski
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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35
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Wang J, Wu X, Yue W, Zhao C, Yang J, Zhou M. Identification of QTL for barley grain size. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11287. [PMID: 33986999 PMCID: PMC8088763 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Barley grain size is one of the key factors determining storage capacity during grain filling. Large, well-filled grains also have a high malt extract potential. Grain size is a complex quantitative trait and can be easily affected by environmental factors thus the identification of genes controlling the trait and the use of molecular markers linked to the genes in breeding program is the most effective way of improving grain size. Methods Grain sizes of 188 doubled-haploid (DH) lines derived from the cross of a Japanese malting barley variety (Naso Nijo) and a Chinese feed barley variety (TX9425) were obtained from three different sites in two consecutive years. The average data were used for identifying QTL for grain size. Results A total of four significant QTL were identified for grain length (GL) and three for grain width (GW). The two major GL QTL are located at similar positions to the QTL for malt extract on 2H and uzu gene on 3H, respectively. However, the GL QTL on 2H is more likely a different one from the malt extract QTL as most of the candidate genes are located outside the fine mapped QTL region for malt extract. The GL QTL on 3H is closely linked with uzu gene but not due to a pleiotropic effect of uzu. The three QTL for grain width on 1H, 2H and 5H, respectively, were located at same position to those for GL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Wang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Yue
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect, TAS, Australia
| | - Jianming Yang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect, TAS, Australia
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Mohanty B. Promoter Architecture and Transcriptional Regulation of Genes Upregulated in Germination and Coleoptile Elongation of Diverse Rice Genotypes Tolerant to Submergence. Front Genet 2021; 12:639654. [PMID: 33796132 PMCID: PMC8008075 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.639654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice has the natural morphological adaptation to germinate and elongate its coleoptile under submerged flooding conditions. The phenotypic deviation associated with the tolerance to submergence at the germination stage could be due to natural variation. However, the molecular basis of this variation is still largely unknown. A comprehensive understanding of gene regulation of different genotypes that have diverse rates of coleoptile elongation can provide significant insights into improved rice varieties. To do so, publicly available transcriptome data of five rice genotypes, which have different lengths of coleoptile elongation under submergence tolerance, were analyzed. The aim was to identify the correlation between promoter architecture, associated with transcriptional and hormonal regulation, in diverse genotype groups of rice that have different rates of coleoptile elongation. This was achieved by identifying the putative cis-elements present in the promoter sequences of genes upregulated in each group of genotypes (tolerant, highly tolerant, and extremely tolerant genotypes). Promoter analysis identified transcription factors (TFs) that are common and unique to each group of genotypes. The candidate TFs that are common in all genotypes are MYB, bZIP, AP2/ERF, ARF, WRKY, ZnF, MADS-box, NAC, AS2, DOF, E2F, ARR-B, and HSF. However, the highly tolerant genotypes interestingly possess binding sites associated with HY5 (bZIP), GBF3, GBF4 and GBF5 (bZIP), DPBF-3 (bZIP), ABF2, ABI5, bHLH, and BES/BZR, in addition to the common TFs. Besides, the extremely tolerant genotypes possess binding sites associated with bHLH TFs such as BEE2, BIM1, BIM3, BM8 and BAM8, and ABF1, in addition to the TFs identified in the tolerant and highly tolerant genotypes. The transcriptional regulation of these TFs could be linked to phenotypic variation in coleoptile elongation in response to submergence tolerance. Moreover, the results indicate a cross-talk between the key TFs and phytohormones such as gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, auxin, jasmonic acid, and brassinosteroids, for an altered transcriptional regulation leading to differences in germination and coleoptile elongation under submergence. The information derived from the current in silico analysis can potentially assist in developing new rice breeding targets for direct seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijayalaxmi Mohanty
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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37
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Pandey BK, Huang G, Bhosale R, Hartman S, Sturrock CJ, Jose L, Martin OC, Karady M, Voesenek LACJ, Ljung K, Lynch JP, Brown KM, Whalley WR, Mooney SJ, Zhang D, Bennett MJ. Plant roots sense soil compaction through restricted ethylene diffusion. Science 2021; 371:276-280. [PMID: 33446554 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil compaction represents a major challenge for modern agriculture. Compaction is intuitively thought to reduce root growth by limiting the ability of roots to penetrate harder soils. We report that root growth in compacted soil is instead actively suppressed by the volatile hormone ethylene. We found that mutant Arabidopsis and rice roots that were insensitive to ethylene penetrated compacted soil more effectively than did wild-type roots. Our results indicate that soil compaction lowers gas diffusion through a reduction in air-filled pores, thereby causing ethylene to accumulate in root tissues and trigger hormone responses that restrict growth. We propose that ethylene acts as an early warning signal for roots to avoid compacted soils, which would be relevant to research into the breeding of crops resilient to soil compaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin K Pandey
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rahul Bhosale
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Sjon Hartman
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Craig J Sturrock
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lottie Jose
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Olivier C Martin
- Universities of Paris-Saclay, Paris and Evry, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Bât. 630, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michal Karady
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Laurentius A C J Voesenek
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kathleen M Brown
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Sacha J Mooney
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.
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38
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Liu S, Chen H. Ethylene Signaling Facilitates Plant Adaption to Physical Barriers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:697988. [PMID: 34394151 PMCID: PMC8358396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.697988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The morphological changes are usually observed in the terrestrial plants to respond to physical barriers. The phytohormone ethylene plays an essential role in the morphological development of plants encountering exogenous mechanical impedance, which enables plants to grow optimally in response to physical barriers. Ethylene is shown to regulate these developmental processes directly or in concert with other phytohormones, especially auxin. In this mini review, the involvement of ethylene action in seedling emergence from the soil, root movement within the soil, and parasitic plant invasion of the host plant are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Simu Liu,
| | - Hui Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Hui Chen, ;
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39
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Zhao H, Yin CC, Ma B, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Ethylene signaling in rice and Arabidopsis: New regulators and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102-125. [PMID: 33095478 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is a gaseous hormone which plays important roles in both plant growth and development and stress responses. Based on studies in the dicot model plant species Arabidopsis, a linear ethylene signaling pathway has been established, according to which ethylene is perceived by ethylene receptors and transduced through CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1 (CTR1) and ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2) to activate transcriptional reprogramming. In addition to this canonical signaling pathway, an alternative ethylene receptor-mediated phosphor-relay pathway has also been proposed to participate in ethylene signaling. In contrast to Arabidopsis, rice, a monocot, grows in semiaquatic environments and has a distinct plant structure. Several novel regulators and/or mechanisms of the rice ethylene signaling pathway have recently been identified, indicating that the ethylene signaling pathway in rice has its own unique features. In this review, we summarize the latest progress and compare the conserved and divergent aspects of the ethylene signaling pathway between Arabidopsis and rice. The crosstalk between ethylene and other plant hormones is also reviewed. Finally, we discuss how ethylene regulates plant growth, stress responses and agronomic traits. These analyses should help expand our knowledge of the ethylene signaling mechanism and could further be applied for agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cui-Cui Yin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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40
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Abstract
Ethylene is a gaseous phytohormone and the first of this hormone class to be discovered. It is the simplest olefin gas and is biosynthesized by plants to regulate plant development, growth, and stress responses via a well-studied signaling pathway. One of the earliest reported responses to ethylene is the triple response. This response is common in eudicot seedlings grown in the dark and is characterized by reduced growth of the root and hypocotyl, an exaggerated apical hook, and a thickening of the hypocotyl. This proved a useful assay for genetic screens and enabled the identification of many components of the ethylene-signaling pathway. These components include a family of ethylene receptors in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); a protein kinase, called constitutive triple response 1 (CTR1); an ER-localized transmembrane protein of unknown biochemical activity, called ethylene-insensitive 2 (EIN2); and transcription factors such as EIN3, EIN3-like (EIL), and ethylene response factors (ERFs). These studies led to a linear model, according to which in the absence of ethylene, its cognate receptors signal to CTR1, which inhibits EIN2 and prevents downstream signaling. Ethylene acts as an inverse agonist by inhibiting its receptors, resulting in lower CTR1 activity, which releases EIN2 inhibition. EIN2 alters transcription and translation, leading to most ethylene responses. Although this canonical pathway is the predominant signaling cascade, alternative pathways also affect ethylene responses. This review summarizes our current understanding of ethylene signaling, including these alternative pathways, and discusses how ethylene signaling has been manipulated for agricultural and horticultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad M Binder
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular & Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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41
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Waidmann S, Sarkel E, Kleine-Vehn J. Same same, but different: growth responses of primary and lateral roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2397-2411. [PMID: 31956903 PMCID: PMC7178446 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The root system architecture describes the shape and spatial arrangement of roots within the soil. Its spatial distribution depends on growth and branching rates as well as directional organ growth. The embryonic primary root gives rise to lateral (secondary) roots, and the ratio of both root types changes over the life span of a plant. Most studies have focused on the growth of primary roots and the development of lateral root primordia. Comparably less is known about the growth regulation of secondary root organs. Here, we review similarities and differences between primary and lateral root organ growth, and emphasize particularly how external stimuli and internal signals differentially integrate root system growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Waidmann
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Sarkel
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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42
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Chen X, Marszałkowska M, Reinhold-Hurek B. Jasmonic Acid, Not Salicyclic Acid Restricts Endophytic Root Colonization of Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1758. [PMID: 32063914 PMCID: PMC7000620 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Research on the interaction between the non-nodule-forming bacterial endophytes and their host plants is still in its infancy. Especially the understanding of plant control mechanisms which govern endophytic colonization is very limited. The current study sets out to determine which hormonal signaling pathway controls endophytic colonization in rice, and whether the mechanisms deviate for a pathogen. The endophyte Azoarcus olearius BH72-rice model was used to investigate root responses to endophytes in comparison to the recently established pathosystem of rice blight Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99 (Xoo) in flooded roots. In the rice root transcriptome, 523 or 664 genes were found to be differentially expressed in response to Azoarcus or Xoo colonization, respectively; however, the response was drastically different, with only 6% of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) overlapping. Overall, Xoo infection induced a much stronger defense reaction than Azoarcus colonization, with the latter leading to down-regulation of many defense related DEGs. Endophyte-induced DEGs encoded several enzymes involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, or pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Among putative plant markers related to signal transduction pathways modulated exclusively during Azoarcus colonization, none overlapped with previously published DEGs identified for another rice endophyte, Azospirillum sp. B510. This suggests a large variation in responses of individual genotypic combinations. Interestingly, the DEGs related to jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway were found to be consistently activated by both beneficial endophytes. In contrast, the salicylate (SA) pathway was activated only in roots infected by the pathogen. To determine the impact of SA and JA production on root colonization by the endophyte and the pathogen, rice mutants with altered hormonal responses were employed: mutant cpm2 deficient in jasmonate synthesis, and RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown lines of NPR1 decreased in salicylic acid-mediated defense responses (NPR1-kd). Only in cpm2, endophytic colonization of Azoarcus was significantly increased, while Xoo colonization was not affected. Surprisingly, NPR1-kd lines showed slightly decreased colonization by Xoo, contrary to published results for leaves. These outcomes suggest that JA but not SA signaling is involved in controlling the Azoarcus endophyte density in roots and can restrict internal root colonization, thereby shaping the beneficial root microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Reinhold-Hurek
- Department of Microbe-Plant Interactions, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, CBIB (Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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43
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Histidine kinase MHZ1/OsHK1 interacts with ethylene receptors to regulate root growth in rice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:518. [PMID: 31980616 PMCID: PMC6981129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene plays essential roles during adaptive responses to water-saturating environments in rice, but knowledge of its signaling mechanism remains limited. Here, through an analysis of a rice ethylene-response mutant mhz1, we show that MHZ1 positively modulates root ethylene responses. MHZ1 encodes the rice histidine kinase OsHK1. MHZ1/OsHK1 is autophosphorylated at a conserved histidine residue and can transfer the phosphoryl signal to the response regulator OsRR21 via the phosphotransfer proteins OsAHP1/2. This phosphorelay pathway is required for root ethylene responses. Ethylene receptor OsERS2, via its GAF domain, physically interacts with MHZ1/OsHK1 and inhibits its kinase activity. Genetic analyses suggest that MHZ1/OsHK1 acts at the level of ethylene perception and works together with the OsEIN2-mediated pathway to regulate root growth. Our results suggest that MHZ1/OsHK1 mediates the ethylene response partially independently of OsEIN2, and is directly inhibited by ethylene receptors, thus revealing mechanistic details of ethylene signaling for root growth regulation.
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44
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Wang X, Ma Q, Wang R, Wang P, Liu Y, Mao T. Submergence stress-induced hypocotyl elongation through ethylene signaling-mediated regulation of cortical microtubules in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1067-1077. [PMID: 31638649 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth is significantly altered in response to submergence stress. However, the molecular mechanisms used by seedlings in response to this stress, especially for hypocotyl growth, are largely unknown in terrestrial plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana. The microtubule cytoskeleton participates in plant cell growth, but it remains unclear whether submergence-mediated plant growth involves the microtubule cytoskeleton. We demonstrated that in Arabidopsis submergence induced underwater hypocotyl elongation through the activation of ethylene signaling, which modulated cortical microtubule reorganization. Submergence enhanced ethylene signaling, which then activated and stabilized its downstream transcription factor, phytochrome-interacting factor 3 (PIF3), to promote hypocotyl elongation. In particular, the regulation of microtubule organization was important for this physiological process. Microtubule-destabilizing protein 60 (MDP60), which was previously identified as a downstream effector of PIF3, played a positive role in submergence-induced hypocotyl elongation. Submergence induced MDP60 expression through ethylene signaling. The effects of submergence on hypocotyl elongation and cortical microtubule reorganization were suppressed in mdp60 mutants. These data suggest a potential mechanism by which submergence activates ethylene signaling to promote underwater hypocotyl elongation via alteration of the microtubule cytoskeleton in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Zhengzhou Tabacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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45
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Bengoa Luoni S, Astigueta FH, Nicosia S, Moschen S, Fernandez P, Heinz R. Transcription Factors Associated with Leaf Senescence in Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E411. [PMID: 31614987 PMCID: PMC6843677 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a complex mechanism controlled by multiple genetic and environmental variables. Different crops present a delay in leaf senescence with an important impact on grain yield trough the maintenance of the photosynthetic leaf area during the reproductive stage. Additionally, because of the temporal gap between the onset and phenotypic detection of the senescence process, candidate genes are key tools to enable the early detection of this process. In this sense and given the importance of some transcription factors as hub genes in senescence pathways, we present a comprehensive review on senescence-associated transcription factors, in model plant species and in agronomic relevant crops. This review will contribute to the knowledge of leaf senescence process in crops, thus providing a valuable tool to assist molecular crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bengoa Luoni
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
| | - Francisco H Astigueta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina.
| | - Salvador Nicosia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Cruce Rutas Nac. 5 y 7, Lujan, Buenos Aires 6700, Argentina.
| | - Sebastian Moschen
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Tucumán 4142, Argentina.
| | - Paula Fernandez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina.
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA-CONICET), Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina.
| | - Ruth Heinz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (INTA-CONICET), Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina.
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46
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Zander M, Willige BC, He Y, Nguyen TA, Langford AE, Nehring R, Howell E, McGrath R, Bartlett A, Castanon R, Nery JR, Chen H, Zhang Z, Jupe F, Stepanova A, Schmitz RJ, Lewsey MG, Chory J, Ecker JR. Epigenetic silencing of a multifunctional plant stress regulator. eLife 2019; 8:e47835. [PMID: 31418686 PMCID: PMC6739875 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The central regulator of the ethylene (ET) signaling pathway, which controls a plethora of developmental programs and responses to environmental cues in plants, is ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2). Here we identify a chromatin-dependent regulatory mechanism at EIN2 requiring two genes: ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE6 (EIN6), which is a H3K27me3 demethylase also known as RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING6 (REF6), and EIN6 ENHANCER (EEN), the Arabidopsis homolog of the yeast INO80 chromatin remodeling complex subunit IES6 (INO EIGHTY SUBUNIT). Strikingly, EIN6 (REF6) and the INO80 complex redundantly control the level and the localization of the repressive histone modification H3K27me3 and the histone variant H2A.Z at the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) intron of EIN2. Concomitant loss of EIN6 (REF6) and the INO80 complex shifts the chromatin landscape at EIN2 to a repressive state causing a dramatic reduction of EIN2 expression. These results uncover a unique type of chromatin regulation which safeguards the expression of an essential multifunctional plant stress regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zander
- Plant Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
- Genomic Analysis LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Björn C Willige
- Plant Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Yupeng He
- Genomic Analysis LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Thu A Nguyen
- Plant Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Amber E Langford
- Plant Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Ramlah Nehring
- Plant Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Elizabeth Howell
- Plant Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Robert McGrath
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Anna Bartlett
- Genomic Analysis LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Rosa Castanon
- Genomic Analysis LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Joseph R Nery
- Genomic Analysis LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Huaming Chen
- Genomic Analysis LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Zhuzhu Zhang
- Genomic Analysis LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Florian Jupe
- Genomic Analysis LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Anna Stepanova
- Plant Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Robert J Schmitz
- Plant Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Mathew G Lewsey
- Plant Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Joanne Chory
- Plant Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Plant Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
- Genomic Analysis LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
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47
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Qin H, Wang J, Chen X, Wang F, Peng P, Zhou Y, Miao Y, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Qi Y, Zhou J, Huang R. Rice OsDOF15 contributes to ethylene-inhibited primary root elongation under salt stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:798-813. [PMID: 30924949 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In early seedlings, the primary root adapts rapidly to environmental changes through the modulation of endogenous hormone levels. The phytohormone ethylene inhibits primary root elongation, but the underlying molecular mechanism of how ethylene-reduced root growth is modulated in environmental changes remains poorly understood. Here, we show that a novel rice (Oryza sativa) DOF transcription factor OsDOF15 positively regulates primary root elongation by regulating cell proliferation in the root meristem, via restricting ethylene biosynthesis. Loss-of-function of OsDOF15 impaired primary root elongation and cell proliferation in the root meristem, whereas OsDOF15 overexpression enhanced these processes, indicating that OsDOF15 is a key regulator of primary root elongation. This regulation involves the direct interaction of OsDOF15 with the promoter of OsACS1, resulting in the repression of ethylene biosynthesis. The control of ethylene biosynthesis by OsDOF15 in turn regulates cell proliferation in the root meristem. OsDOF15 transcription is repressed by salt stress, and OsDOF15-mediated ethylene biosynthesis plays a role in inhibition of primary root elongation by salt stress. Thus, our data reveal how the ethylene-inhibited primary root elongation is finely controlled by OsDOF15 in response to environmental signal, a novel mechanism of plants responding to salt stress and transmitting the information to ethylene biosynthesis to restrict root elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinbing Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475001, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475001, China
| | - Yuqiong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yadi Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yidong Qi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiahao Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
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48
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Basunia MA, Nonhebel HM. Hormonal regulation of cereal endosperm development with a focus on rice (Oryza sativa). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:493-506. [PMID: 30955506 DOI: 10.1071/fp18323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The endosperm of cereal grain forms the staple diet for most of the world's population, and feeds much of their stock. Grain size and quality are determined largely by events taking place during coenocytic nuclear division, endosperm cellularisation and cell differentiation, and the production of storage molecules. Thus, understanding the complex signalling processes occurring at each of these steps is essential for maintaining and improving our food supply. Here, we critically review evidence for the effects of phytohormones on grain size, as well as hormone homeostasis, signalling and crosstalk. We focus on rice endosperm due to the importance of rice as a food crop and a model grass, as well as its relative neglect in recent reviews; however, data from other cereals are also discussed due to strong evidence for conserved signalling networks operating during grain development. Discussion is restricted to auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid and gibberellin. Our review highlights the need for accurate hormone determinations combined with information on gene expression. We present evidence for separate, localised signalling roles for auxin at different stages of grain development and highlight key research questions for other hormones where much less data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafroz A Basunia
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Heather M Nonhebel
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; and Corresponding author.
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49
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Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Ahmed S, Hussain S, Zhang N, Ma Y, Wang S. Integration of RACK1 and ethylene signaling regulates plant growth and development in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:31-40. [PMID: 30824009 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis RACK1 (Receptors for Activated C Kinase 1) are versatile scaffold proteins that have been shown to be involved in the regulation of plant response to plant hormones including auxin, ABA, gibberellin and brassinosteroid, but not ethylene. By characterizing the double and triple mutants of RACK1 genes, we found that rack1 mutants showed reduced sensitivity to ethylene. By characterizing double and high order mutants generated between ein2, a loss-of-function mutant of the key ethylene signaling regulator gene EIN2 (Ethylene INsensitive 2), and rack1 mutants, we found that loss-of-function of EIN2 partially recovered some phenotypes observed in the rack1 mutants, such as low-fertility and reduced root length and rosette size. On the other hand, the ein2 rack1 mutants produced more rosette leaves, and flowered late when compared with ein2 and the corresponding rack1 mutants. We also found that the curled leaves and twisted petioles phenotypes observed in the ein2 mutants were enhanced in the ein2 rack1 mutants. However, assays in yeast indicated that EIN2 may not physically interact with RACK1. On the other hand, RT-PCR results showed that the expression level of EIN2 was reduced in the rack1 mutants. Taken together, our results suggest that RACKl may integrate ethylene signaling to regulate plant growth and development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xutong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Sajjad Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yanxing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Shucai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China; College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
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50
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Qin H, He L, Huang R. The Coordination of Ethylene and Other Hormones in Primary Root Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:874. [PMID: 31354757 PMCID: PMC6635467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The primary root is the basic component of root systems, initiates during embryogenesis and develops shortly after germination, and plays a key role in early seedling growth and survival. The phytohormone ethylene shows significant inhibition of the growth of primary roots. Recent findings have revealed that the inhibition of ethylene in primary root elongation is mediated via interactions with phytohormones, such as auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellin, cytokinins, jasmonic acid, and brassinosteroids. Considering that Arabidopsis and rice are the model plants of dicots and monocots, as well as the fact that hormonal crosstalk in primary root growth has been extensively investigated in Arabidopsis and rice, a better understanding of the mechanisms in Arabidopsis and rice will increase potential applications in other species. Therefore, we focus our interest on the emerging studies in the research of ethylene and hormone crosstalk in primary root development in Arabidopsis and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Lina He
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rongfeng Huang,
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