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Oubohssaine M, Hnini M, Rabeh K. Exploring lipid signaling in plant physiology: From cellular membranes to environmental adaptation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 300:154295. [PMID: 38885581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Lipids have evolved as versatile signaling molecules that regulate a variety of physiological processes in plants. Convincing evidence highlights their critical role as mediators in a wide range of plant processes required for survival, growth, development, and responses to environmental conditions such as water availability, temperature changes, salt, pests, and diseases. Understanding lipid signaling as a critical process has helped us expand our understanding of plant biology by explaining how plants sense and respond to environmental cues. Lipid signaling pathways constitute a complex network of lipids, enzymes, and receptors that coordinate important cellular responses and stressing plant biology's changing and adaptable traits. Plant lipid signaling involves a wide range of lipid classes, including phospholipids, sphingolipids, oxylipins, and sterols, each of which contributes differently to cellular communication and control. These lipids function not only as structural components, but also as bioactive molecules that transfer signals. The mechanisms entail the production of lipid mediators and their detection by particular receptors, which frequently trigger downstream cascades that affect gene expression, cellular functions, and overall plant growth. This review looks into lipid signaling in plant physiology, giving an in-depth look and emphasizing its critical function as a master regulator of vital activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Oubohssaine
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Hnini
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
| | - Karim Rabeh
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, 10000, Morocco
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2
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Priya Reddy YN, Oelmüller R. Lipid peroxidation and stress-induced signalling molecules in systemic resistance mediated by azelaic acid/AZELAIC ACID INDUCED1: signal initiation and propagation. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:305-316. [PMID: 38623172 PMCID: PMC11016046 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance protects plants against a broad spectrum of secondary infections by pathogens. A crucial compound involved in the systemic spread of the threat information after primary pathogen infection is the C9 oxylipin azelaic acid (AZA), a breakdown product of unsaturated C18 fatty acids. AZA is generated during lipid peroxidation in the plastids and accumulates in response to various abiotic and biotic stresses. AZA stimulates the expression of AZELAIC ACID INDUCED1 (AZI1), and a pool of AZI1 accumulates in the plastid envelope in association with AZA. AZA and AZI1 utilize the symplastic pathway to travel through the plasmodesmata to neighbouring cells to induce systemic stress resistance responses in distal tissues. Here, we describe the synthesis, travel and function of AZA and AZI1 and discuss open questions of signal initiation and propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. N. Priya Reddy
- Matthias Schleiden Institute, Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias Schleiden Institute, Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Present Address: Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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3
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Chen D, Li D, Li Z, Song Y, Li Q, Wang L, Zhou D, Xie F, Li Y. Legume nodulation and nitrogen fixation require interaction of DnaJ-like protein and lipid transfer protein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2164-2179. [PMID: 37610417 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The lipid transport protein (LTP) product of the AsE246 gene of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) contributes to the transport of plant-synthesized lipids to the symbiosome membranes (SMs) that are required for nodule organogenesis in this legume. However, the mechanisms used by nodule-specific LTPs remain unknown. In this study, a functional protein in the DnaJ-like family, designated AsDJL1, was identified and shown to interact with AsE246. Immunofluorescence showed that AsDJL1 was expressed in infection threads (ITs) and in nodule cells and that it co-localized with rhizobium, and an immunoelectron microscopy assay localized the protein to SMs. Via co-transformation into Nicotiana benthamiana cells, AsDJL1 and AsE246 displayed subcellular co-localization in the cells of this heterologous host. Co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that AsDJL1 interacted with AsE246 in nodules. The essential interacting region of AsDJL1 was determined to be the zinc finger domain at its C-terminus. Chinese milk vetch plants transfected with AsDJL1-RNAi had significantly decreased numbers of ITs, nodule primordia and nodules as well as reduced (by 83%) nodule nitrogenase activity compared with the controls. By contrast, AsDJL1 overexpression led to increased nodule fresh weight and nitrogenase activity. RNAi-AsDJL1 also significantly affected the abundance of lipids, especially digalactosyldiacylglycerol, in early-infected roots and transgenic nodules. Taken together, the results of this study provide insights into the symbiotic functions of AsDJL1, which may participate in lipid transport to SMs and play an essential role in rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dongzhi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuting Song
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Donglai Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fuli Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youguo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Liu J, Shen L, Guo L, Zhang G, Gao Z, Zhu L, Hu J, Dong G, Ren D, Zhang Q, Li Q, Zeng D, Yan C, Qian Q. OsSTS, a Novel Allele of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 4 (OsMKK4), Controls Grain Size and Salt Tolerance in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:47. [PMID: 37874376 PMCID: PMC10597928 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is one of the most common abiotic stresses of rice, which seriously affects the normal growth of rice. Breeding salt-tolerant varieties have become one of the important ways to ensure food security and sustainable agricultural development. However, the mechanisms underlying salt tolerance control still need to be clarified. In this study, we identified a mutant, termed salt-tolerant and small grains(sts), with salt tolerance and small grains. Gene cloning and physiological and biochemical experiments reveal that sts is a novel mutant allele of Mitogen-activated protein Kinase Kinase 4 (OsMKK4), which controls the grain size, and has recently been found to be related to salt tolerance in rice. Functional analysis showed that OsSTS is constitutively expressed throughout the tissue, and its proteins are localized to the nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm. It was found that the loss of OsSTS function enhanced the salt tolerance of rice seedlings, and further studies showed that the loss of OsSTS function increased the ROS clearance rate of rice seedlings, independent of ionic toxicity. In order to explore the salt tolerance mechanism of sts, we found that the salt tolerance of sts is also regulated by ABA through high-throughput mRNA sequencing. Salt and ABA treatment showed that ABA might alleviate the inhibitory effect of salt stress on root length in sts. These results revealed new functions of grain size gene OsMKK4, expanded new research ideas related to salt tolerance mechanism and hormone regulation network, and provided a theoretical basis for salt-tolerant rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Lan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Changjie Yan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401, China.
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Bvindi C, Howe K, Wang Y, Mullen RT, Rogan CJ, Anderson JC, Goyer A. Potato Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein StnsLTPI.33 Is Associated with the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species, Plant Growth, and Susceptibility to Alternaria solani. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3129. [PMID: 37687375 PMCID: PMC10490331 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small proteins capable of transferring phospholipids between membranes and binding non-specifically fatty acids in vitro. They constitute large gene families in plants, e.g., 83 in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Despite their recognition decades ago, very few have been functionally characterized. Here, we set out to better understand the function of one of the potato members, StnsLTPI.33. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we show that StnsLTPI.33 is expressed throughout the potato plant, but at relatively higher levels in roots and leaves compared to petals, anthers, and the ovary. We also show that ectopically-expressed StnsLTPI.33 fused to green fluorescent protein colocalized with an apoplastic marker in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, indicating that StnsLTPI.33 is targeted to the apoplast. Constitutive overexpression of the StnsLTPI.33 gene in potato led to increased levels of superoxide anions and reduced plant growth, particularly under salt stress conditions, and enhanced susceptibility to Alternaria solani. In addition, StnsLTPI.33-overexpressing plants had a depleted leaf pool of pipecolic acid, threonic acid, and glycine, while they accumulated putrescine. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an nsLTP that is associated with enhanced susceptibility to a pathogen in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Bvindi
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.B.); (K.H.); (C.J.R.); (J.C.A.)
| | - Kate Howe
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.B.); (K.H.); (C.J.R.); (J.C.A.)
| | - You Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.W.); (R.T.M.)
| | - Robert T. Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.W.); (R.T.M.)
| | - Conner J. Rogan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.B.); (K.H.); (C.J.R.); (J.C.A.)
| | - Jeffrey C. Anderson
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.B.); (K.H.); (C.J.R.); (J.C.A.)
| | - Aymeric Goyer
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (C.B.); (K.H.); (C.J.R.); (J.C.A.)
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Zhang XL, Gong XQ, Su XJ, Yu HX, Cheng SY, Huang JW, Li DY, Lei ZL, Li MJ, Ma FW. The ubiquitin-binding protein MdRAD23D1 mediates drought response by regulating degradation of the proline-rich protein MdPRP6 in apple (Malus domestica). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023. [PMID: 37140026 PMCID: PMC10363924 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
RAD23 (RADIATION SENSITIVE23) proteins are a group of UBL-UBA (ubiquitin-like-ubiquitin-associated) proteins that shuttle ubiquitylated proteins to the 26S proteasome for breakdown. Drought stress is a major environmental constraint that limits plant growth and production, but whether RAD23 proteins are involved in this process is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that a shuttle protein, MdRAD23D1, mediated drought response in apple plants (Malus domestica). MdRAD23D1 levels increased under drought stress, and its suppression resulted in decreased stress tolerance in apple plants. Through in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrated that MdRAD23D1 interacted with a proline-rich protein MdPRP6, resulting in the degradation of MdPRP6 by the 26S proteasome. And MdRAD23D1 accelerated the degradation of MdPRP6 under drought stress. Suppression of MdPRP6 resulted in enhanced drought tolerance in apple plants, mainly because the free proline accumulation is changed. And the free proline is also involved in MdRAD23D1-mediated drought response. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that MdRAD23D1 and MdPRP6 oppositely regulated drought response. MdRAD23D1 levels increased under drought, accelerating the degradation of MdPRP6. MdPRP6 negatively regulated drought response, probably by regulating proline accumulation. Thus, "MdRAD23D1-MdPRP6" conferred drought stress tolerance in apple plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hai-Xia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Si-Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jing-Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhao-Long Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ming-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Feng-Wang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Chen L, Song H, Xin J, Dong G, Xu F, Su Y, Yang M, Sun H. Comprehensive genome-wide identification and functional characterization of MAPK cascade gene families in Nelumbo. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123543. [PMID: 36740124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade signaling pathway plays pivotal roles in various plant biological processes. However, systematic study of MAPK cascade gene families is yet to be conducted in lotus. Herein, 198 putative MAPK genes, including 152 MAP3Ks, 15 MKKs, and 31 MPKs genes were identified in Nelumbo. Segmental duplication was identified as the predominant factor driving MAPK cascade gene family expansion in lotus. MAPK cascade genes in N. nucifera and N. lutea shared high degree of sequence homologies, with 84, 9, and 19 homologous MAP3K, MKK, and MPK gene pairs being detected between the two species, respectively, with most genes predominantly undergoing purifying selection. Gene expression profiling indicated that NnMAPK cascade genes were extensively involved in plant development and submergence stress response. Co-expression analysis revealed potential interaction between transcription factors (TFs) and NnMAPK cascade genes in various biological processes. NnMKK showed predicted interactions with multiple NnMAP3K or NnMPK proteins, which suggested that functional diversity of MAPK cascade genes could be as a result of their complex protein interaction mechanisms. This first systematic analysis of MAPK cascade families in lotus provides deeper insights into their evolutionary dynamics and functional properties, which potentially could be crucial for lotus genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, China
| | - Heyun Song
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Xin
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Fei Xu
- Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, China
| | - Yanyan Su
- Amway (China) Botanical R&D Centre, Wuxi, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Heng Sun
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
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8
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Wei H, Liu G, Qin J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang X, Yu C, Chen Y, Lian B, Zhong F, Movahedi A, Zhang J. Genome-wide characterization, chromosome localization, and expression profile analysis of poplar non-specific lipid transfer proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123226. [PMID: 36641014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small and have a broad biological function involved in reproductive development and abiotic stress resistance. Although a small part of plant nsLTPs have been identified, these proteins have not been characterized in poplar at the genomic level. A genome-wide characterization and expression identification of poplar nsLTP members were performed in this study. A total of 42 poplar nsLTP genes were identified from the poplar genome. A comprehensive analysis of poplar nsLTPs was conducted by a phylogenetic tree, duplication events, gene structures, and conserved motifs. The cis-elements of poplar nsLTPs were predicted to respond to light, hormone, and abiotic stress. Many transcription factors (TFs) were identified to interact with poplar nsLTP cis-elements. The tested poplar nsLTPs were expressed in leaves, stems, and roots, but their expression levels differed among tested tissues. Most poplar nsLTP expression levels were changed by abiotic stress, implying that poplar nsLTP may be involved in abiotic stress resistance. Network analysis showed that poplar nsLTPs are putative genes involved in fatty acid (FA) metabolism. This research provides sight into the further study to explain the regulatory mechanism of the poplar nsLTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Xingyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Bolin Lian
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Ali Movahedi
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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9
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Majeed Y, Zhu X, Zhang N, ul-Ain N, Raza A, Haider FU, Si H. Harnessing the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases against abiotic stresses in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:932923. [PMID: 36909407 PMCID: PMC10000299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.932923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop plants are vulnerable to various biotic and abiotic stresses, whereas plants tend to retain their physiological mechanisms by evolving cellular regulation. To mitigate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses, many defense mechanisms are induced in plants. One of these mechanisms is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, a signaling pathway used in the transduction of extracellular stimuli into intercellular responses. This stress signaling pathway is activated by a series of responses involving MAPKKKs→MAPKKs→MAPKs, consisting of interacting proteins, and their functions depend on the collaboration and activation of one another by phosphorylation. These proteins are key regulators of MAPK in various crop plants under abiotic stress conditions and also related to hormonal responses. It is revealed that in response to stress signaling, MAPKs are characterized as multigenic families and elaborate the specific stimuli transformation as well as the antioxidant regulation system. This pathway is directed by the framework of proteins and stopping domains confer the related associates with unique structure and functions. Early studies of plant MAPKs focused on their functions in model plants. Based on the results of whole-genome sequencing, many MAPKs have been identified in plants, such as Arbodiposis, tomato, potato, alfalfa, poplar, rice, wheat, maize, and apple. In this review, we summarized the recent work on MAPK response to abiotic stress and the classification of MAPK cascade in crop plants. Moreover, we highlighted the modern research methodologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, CRISPR/Cas technology, and epigenetic studies, which proposed, identified, and characterized the novel genes associated with MAPKs and their role in plants under abiotic stress conditions. In-silico-based identification of novel MAPK genes also facilitates future research on MAPK cascade identification and function in crop plants under various stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Majeed
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Noor ul-Ain
- Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University (FAFU) and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign-School of Integrative Biology (UIUC-SIB) Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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A Systematic Investigation of Lipid Transfer Proteins Involved in Male Fertility and Other Biological Processes in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021660. [PMID: 36675174 PMCID: PMC9864150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) play essential roles in various biological processes, including anther and pollen development, vegetative organ development, seed development and germination, and stress response, but the research progress varies greatly among Arabidopsis, rice and maize. Here, we presented a preliminary introduction and characterization of the whole 65 LTP genes in maize, and performed a phylogenetic tree and gene ontology analysis of the LTP family members in maize. We compared the research progresses of the reported LTP genes involved in male fertility and other biological processes in Arabidopsis and rice, and thus provided some implications for their maize orthologs, which will provide useful clues for the investigation of LTP transporters in maize. We predicted the functions of LTP genes based on bioinformatic analyses of their spatiotemporal expression patterns by using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR assays. Finally, we discussed the advances and challenges in substrate identification of plant LTPs, and presented the future research directions of LTPs in plants. This study provides a basic framework for functional research and the potential application of LTPs in multiple plants, especially for male sterility research and application in maize.
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Liu JN, Fang H, Liang Q, Dong Y, Wang C, Yan L, Ma X, Zhou R, Lang X, Gai S, Wang L, Xu S, Yang KQ, Wu D. Genomic analyses provide insights into the evolution and salinity adaptation of halophyte Tamarix chinensis. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad053. [PMID: 37494283 PMCID: PMC10370455 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The woody halophyte Tamarix chinensis is a pioneer tree species in the coastal wetland ecosystem of northern China, exhibiting high resistance to salt stress. However, the genetic information underlying salt tolerance in T. chinensis remains to be seen. Here we present a genomic investigation of T. chinensis to elucidate the underlying mechanism of its high resistance to salinity. RESULTS Using a combination of PacBio and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture data, a chromosome-level T. chinensis genome was assembled with a size of 1.32 Gb and scaffold N50 of 110.03 Mb. Genome evolution analyses revealed that T. chinensis significantly expanded families of HAT and LIMYB genes. Whole-genome and tandem duplications contributed to the expansion of genes associated with the salinity adaptation of T. chinensis. Transcriptome analyses were performed on root and shoot tissues during salt stress and recovery, and several hub genes responding to salt stress were identified. WRKY33/40, MPK3/4, and XBAT31 were critical in responding to salt stress during early exposure, while WRKY40, ZAT10, AHK4, IRX9, and CESA4/8 were involved in responding to salt stress during late stress and recovery. In addition, PER7/27/57/73 encoding class III peroxidase and MCM3/4/5/7 encoding DNA replication licensing factor maintained up/downregulation during salt stress and recovery stages. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here reveal the genetic mechanisms underlying salt adaptation in T. chinensis, thus providing important genomic resources for evolutionary studies on tamarisk and plant salt tolerance genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ning Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Qiang Liang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Liping Yan
- Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xinmei Ma
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xinya Lang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shasha Gai
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Lichang Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shengyi Xu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Ke Qiang Yang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Dejun Wu
- Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan 250014, China
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Genome-Wide Identification of Common Bean PvLTP Family Genes and Expression Profiling Analysis in Response to Drought Stress. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122394. [PMID: 36553661 PMCID: PMC9777604 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Common bean is one of the most important legume crops for human consumption. Its yield is adversely affected by environmental stress. Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are essential for plant growth, development, and resistance to abiotic stress, such as salt, drought, and alkali. However, changes in nsLTP family genes responding to drought stress are less known. The PvLTP gene family in the common bean was identified by a comprehensive genome-wide analysis. Molecular weights, theoretical isoelectric points, phylogenetic tree, conserved motifs, gene structures, gene duplications, chromosome localization, and expression profiles were analyzed by SignalP 5.0, ExPASy, ClustalX 2.1, MEGA 7.0, NCBI-CDD, MEME, Weblogo, and TBtools 1.09876, respectively. Heatmap and qRT-PCR analyses were performed to validate the expression profiles of PvLTP genes in different organs. In addition, the expression patterns of nine PvLTP genes in common beans treated with drought stress were investigated by qRT-PCR. We obtained 58 putative PvLTP genes in the common bean genome via genome-wide analyses. Based on the diversity of the eight-cysteine motif (ECM), these genes were categorized into five types (I, II, IV, V, and VIII). The signal peptides of the PvLTP precursors were predicted to be from 16 to 42 amino acid residues. PvLTPs had a predicated theoretical isoelectric point of 3.94-10.34 and a molecular weight of 7.15-12.17 kDa. The phylogenetic analysis showed that PvLTPs were closer to AtLTPs than OsLTPs. Conserved motif and gene structure analyses indicated that PvLTPs were randomly distributed on all chromosomes except chromosome 9. In addition, 23 tandem duplicates of PvLTP genes were arranged in 10 gene clusters on chromosomes 1 and 2. The heatmap and qRT-PCR showed that PvLTP expression significantly varied in different tissues. Moreover, 9 PvLTP genes were up-regulated under drought treatment. Our results reveal that PvLTPs play potentially vital roles in plants and provide a comprehensive reference for studies on PvLTP genes and a theoretical basis for further analysis of regulatory mechanisms influencing drought tolerance in the common bean.
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Gao H, Ma K, Ji G, Pan L, Zhou Q. Lipid transfer proteins involved in plant-pathogen interactions and their molecular mechanisms. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1815-1829. [PMID: 36052490 PMCID: PMC9644281 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are small, cysteine-rich proteins that play numerous functional roles in plant growth and development, including cutin wax formation, pollen tube adhesion, cell expansion, seed development, germination, and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. LTPs contain eight conserved cysteine residues and a hydrophobic cavity that provides a wide variety of lipid-binding specificities. As members of the pathogenesis-related protein 14 family (PR14), many LTPs inhibit fungal or bacterial growth, and act as positive regulators in plant disease resistance. Over the past decade, these essential immunity-related roles of LTPs in plant immune processes have been documented in a growing body of literature. In this review, we summarize the roles of LTPs in plant-pathogen interactions, emphasizing the underlying molecular mechanisms in plant immune responses and specific LTP functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Gao
- College of Biology and FoodShangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiuHenanChina
| | - Kang Ma
- College of Biology and FoodShangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiuHenanChina
| | - Guojie Ji
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic MedicineSanquan College of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenanChina
| | - Liying Pan
- College of Biology and FoodShangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiuHenanChina
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- College of Biology and FoodShangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiuHenanChina
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Basheer J, Vadovič P, Šamajová O, Melicher P, Komis G, Křenek P, Králová M, Pechan T, Ovečka M, Takáč T, Šamaj J. Knockout of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3 causes barley root resistance against Fusarium graminearum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2847-2867. [PMID: 35993881 PMCID: PMC9706467 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in plant-fungal pathogenic interactions are poorly understood in crops. Here, microscopic, phenotypic, proteomic, and biochemical analyses revealed that roots of independent transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-based knockout lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) MAPK 3 (HvMPK3 KO) were resistant against Fusarium graminearum infection. When co-cultured with roots of the HvMPK3 KO lines, F. graminearum hyphae were excluded to the extracellular space, the growth pattern of extracellular hyphae was considerably deregulated, mycelia development was less efficient, and number of appressoria-like structures and their penetration potential were substantially reduced. Intracellular penetration of hyphae was preceded by the massive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in attacked cells of the wild-type (WT), but ROS production was mitigated in the HvMPK3 KO lines. Suppression of ROS production in these lines coincided with elevated abundance of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Moreover, differential proteomic analysis revealed downregulation of several defense-related proteins in WT, and the upregulation of pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) and cysteine proteases in HvMPK3 KO lines. Proteins involved in suberin formation, such as peroxidases, lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), and the GDSL esterase/lipase (containing "GDSL" aminosequence motif) were differentially regulated in HvMPK3 KO lines after F. graminearum inoculation. Consistent with proteomic analysis, microscopic observations showed enhanced suberin accumulation in roots of HvMPK3 KO lines, most likely contributing to the arrested infection by F. graminearum. These results suggest that TALEN-based knockout of HvMPK3 leads to barley root resistance against Fusarium root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasim Basheer
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Vadovič
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Melicher
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - George Komis
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Křenek
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Králová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tibor Pechan
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Takáč
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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15
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Rajasheker G, Nagaraju M, Varghese RP, Jalaja N, Somanaboina AK, Singam P, Ramakrishna C, Penna S, Sreenivasulu N, Kishor PBK. Identification and analysis of proline-rich proteins and hybrid proline-rich proteins super family genes from Sorghum bicolor and their expression patterns to abiotic stress and zinc stimuli. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952732. [PMID: 36226297 PMCID: PMC9549341 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Systematic genome-wide analysis of Sorghum bicolor revealed the identification of a total of 48 homologous genes comprising 21 proline-rich proteins (PRPs) and 27 hybrid proline-rich proteins (HyPRPs). Comprehensive scrutiny of these gene homologs was conducted for gene structure, phylogenetic investigations, chromosome mapping, and subcellular localization of proteins. Promoter analysis uncovered the regions rich with phosphorous- (BIHD), ammonium-, sulfur-responsive (SURE), and iron starvation-responsive (IRO2) along with biotic, abiotic, and development-specific cis-elements. Further, PRPs exhibit more methylation and acetylation sites in comparison with HyPRPs. miRNAs have been predicted which might play a role in cleavage and translation inhibition. Several of the SbPRP genes were stimulated in a tissue-specific manner under drought, salt, heat, and cold stresses. Additionally, exposure of plants to abscisic acid (ABA) and zinc (Zn) also triggered PRP genes in a tissue-dependent way. Among them, SbPRP17 has been found upregulated markedly in all tissues irrespective of the stress imposed. The expressions of SbHyPRPs, especially SbHyPRP2, SbHyPRP6, and SbHyPRP17 were activated under all stresses in all three tissues. On the other hand, SbHyPRP8 (root only) and SbHyPRP12 (all three tissues) were highly responsive to cold stress and ABA while SbHyPRP26 was induced by drought and Zn in the stem. Taken together, this study indicates the critical roles that SbPRPs and SbHyPRPs play during diverse abiotic stress conditions and notably the plausible roles that these genes play upon exposure to zinc, the crucial micronutrient in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marka Nagaraju
- Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rinku Polachirakkal Varghese
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, India
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Naravula Jalaja
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Somanaboina
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, India
| | - Prashant Singam
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Suprasanna Penna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Research Unit, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - P. B. Kavi Kishor
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, India
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16
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Banday ZZ, Cecchini NM, Speed DJ, Scott AT, Parent C, Hu CT, Filzen RC, Agbo E, Greenberg JT. Friend or foe: Hybrid proline-rich proteins determine how plants respond to beneficial and pathogenic microbes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:860-881. [PMID: 35642916 PMCID: PMC9434206 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant plastids generate signals, including some derived from lipids, that need to be mobilized to effect signaling. We used informatics to discover potential plastid membrane proteins involved in microbial responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Among these are proteins co-regulated with the systemic immunity component AZELAIC ACID INDUCED 1, a hybrid proline-rich protein (HyPRP), and HyPRP superfamily members. HyPRPs have a transmembrane domain, a proline-rich region (PRR), and a lipid transfer protein domain. The precise subcellular location(s) and function(s) are unknown for most HyPRP family members. As predicted by informatics, a subset of HyPRPs has a pool of proteins that target plastid outer envelope membranes via a mechanism that requires the PRR. Additionally, two HyPRPs may be associated with thylakoid membranes. Most of the plastid- and nonplastid-localized family members also have pools that localize to the endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, or plasmodesmata. HyPRPs with plastid pools regulate, positively or negatively, systemic immunity against the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. HyPRPs also regulate the interaction with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas simiae WCS417 in the roots to influence colonization, root system architecture, and/or biomass. Thus, HyPRPs have broad and distinct roles in immunity, development, and growth responses to microbes and reside at sites that may facilitate signal molecule transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Z Banday
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | - DeQuantarius J Speed
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Allison T Scott
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | - Ciara T Hu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Rachael C Filzen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Elinam Agbo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Burian M, Podgórska A, Ostaszewska-Bugajska M, Szal B. Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog D as a Modulating Component of Oxidative Response under Ammonium Toxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040703. [PMID: 35453389 PMCID: PMC9031508 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed growth, a visible phenotypic component of the so-called ammonium syndrome, occurs when ammonium is the sole inorganic nitrogen source. Previously, we have shown that modification of apoplastic reactive oxygen species (apROS) metabolism is a key factor contributing to plant growth retardation under ammonium nutrition. Here, we further analyzed the changes in apROS metabolism in transgenic plants with disruption of the D isoform of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) that is responsible for apROS production. Ammonium-grown Arabidopsisrbohd plants are characterized by up to 50% lower contents of apoplastic superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. apROS sensing markers such as OZF1 and AIR12 were downregulated, and the ROS-responsive signaling pathway, including MPK3, was also downregulated in rbohd plants cultivated using ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. Additionally, the expression of the cell-wall-integrity marker FER and peroxidases 33 and 34 was decreased. These modifications may contribute to phenomenon wherein ammonium inhibited the growth of transgenic plants to a greater extent than that of wild-type plants. Overall, this study indicated that due to disruption of apROS metabolism, rbohd plants cannot adjust to ammonium toxicity and are more sensitive to these conditions.
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18
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Interactome of Arabidopsis Thaliana. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030350. [PMID: 35161331 PMCID: PMC8838453 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
More than 95,000 protein–protein interactions of Arabidopsis thaliana have been published and deposited in databases. This dataset was supplemented by approximately 900 additional interactions, which were identified in the literature from the years 2002–2021. These protein–protein interactions were used as the basis for a Cytoscape network and were supplemented with data on subcellular localization, gene ontologies, biochemical properties and co-expression. The resulting network has been exemplarily applied in unraveling the PPI-network of the plant vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase), which was selected due to its central importance for the plant cell. In particular, it is involved in cellular pH homeostasis, providing proton motive force necessary for transport processes, trafficking of proteins and, thereby, cell wall synthesis. The data points to regulation taking place on multiple levels: (a) a phosphorylation-dependent regulation by 14-3-3 proteins and by kinases such as WNK8 and NDPK1a, (b) an energy-dependent regulation via HXK1 and the glucose receptor RGS1 and (c) a Ca2+-dependent regulation by SOS2 and IDQ6. The known importance of V-ATPase for cell wall synthesis is supported by its interactions with several proteins involved in cell wall synthesis. The resulting network was further analyzed for (experimental) biases and was found to be enriched in nuclear, cytosolic and plasma membrane proteins but depleted in extracellular and mitochondrial proteins, in comparison to the entity of protein-coding genes. Among the processes and functions, proteins involved in transcription were highly abundant in the network. Subnetworks were extracted for organelles, processes and protein families. The degree of representation of organelles and processes reveals limitations and advantages in the current knowledge of protein–protein interactions, which have been mainly caused by a high number of database entries being contributed by only a few publications with highly specific motivations and methodologies that favor, for instance, interactions in the cytosol and the nucleus.
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Wei H, Movahedi A, Liu G, Zhu S, Chen Y, Yu C, Zhong F, Zhang J. Characteristics, expression profile, and function of non-specific lipid transfer proteins of Populus trichocarpa. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:468-481. [PMID: 35063485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are involved in various physiological processes. However, the characteristics and function of LTPs in Populus trichocarpa are unclear. Here, we report the functional properties of type IV, V, and VI P. trichocarpa nsLTPs (PtLTPs). The IV, V, and VI PtLTPs clustered in the same clade shared similar gene structures and motif and distributions. Also, collinearity analysis revealed 2 and 7 gene pairs have tandem duplication and segmental duplication events, respectively. The expression patterns of type IV, V, and VI PtLTPs differed among poplar tissues. We investigated the effects of various stresses on the Potri.010G100600, Potri.010G196300, and Potri.016G104300 (type V LTPs) mRNA levels, and type V LTPs can respond to multiple stresses. Potri.008G061800 was localized to the cell wall, extracellular space, and plasma membrane. Glutathione-S-transferase-Potri.008G061800 obtained by prokaryotic expression had weakly inhibited the growth of Septotis populiperda in vitro. Taken together, our data show that type IV, V, and VI PtLTPs may be thought as novel regulators of plant stresses. They could be considered an effective genetic resource for molecular breeding in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Arts and Sciences, Arlington International University, Wilmington, DE 19804, USA.
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Sheng Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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Xu Y, Shang K, Wang C, Yu Z, Zhao X, Song Y, Meng F, Zhu C. WIPK-NtLTP4 pathway confers resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in tobacco. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:249-261. [PMID: 34697685 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE WIPK-NtLTP4 module improves the resistance to R. solanacearum via upregulating the expression of defense-related genes, increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity, and promoting stomatal closure in tobacco. Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a class of small lipid binding proteins that play important roles in biotic and abiotic stresses. The previous study revealed that NtLTP4 positively regulates salt and drought stresses in Nicotiana tabacum. However, the role of NtLTP4 in biotic stress, especially regarding its function in disease resistance remains unclear. Here, the critical role of NtLTP4 in regulating resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum), a causal agent of bacterial wilt disease in tobacco, was reported. The NtLTP4-overexpressing lines markedly improved the resistance to R. solanacearum by upregulating the expression of defense-related genes, increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity, and promoting stomatal closure. Moreover, NtLTP4 interacted with wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK; a homolog of MAPK3 in tobacco) and acted in a genetically epistatic manner to WIPK in planta. WIPK could directly phosphorylate NtLTP4 to positively regulate its protein abundance. Taken together, these results broaden the knowledge about the functions of the WIPK-NtLTP4 module in disease resistance and may provide valuable information for improving tobacco plant tolerance to R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijie Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanxiao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Shan B, Wang W, Cao J, Xia S, Li R, Bian S, Li X. Soybean GmMYB133 Inhibits Hypocotyl Elongation and Confers Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:764074. [PMID: 35003158 PMCID: PMC8732865 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.764074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
REVEILLE (RVE) genes generally act as core circadian oscillators to regulate multiple developmental events and stress responses in plants. It is of importance to document their roles in crops for utilizing them to improve agronomic traits. Soybean is one of the most important crops worldwide. However, the knowledge regarding the functional roles of RVEs is extremely limited in soybean. In this study, the soybean gene GmMYB133 was shown to be homologous to the RVE8 clade genes of Arabidopsis. GmMYB133 displayed a non-rhythmical but salt-inducible expression pattern. Like AtRVE8, overexpression of GmMYB133 in Arabidopsis led to developmental defects such as short hypocotyl and late flowering. Seven light-responsive or auxin-associated genes including AtPIF4 were transcriptionally depressed by GmMYB133, suggesting that GmMYB133 might negatively regulate plant growth. Noticeably, the overexpression of GmMYB133 in Arabidopsis promoted seed germination and plant growth under salt stress, and the contents of chlorophylls and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also enhanced and decreased, respectively. Consistently, the expressions of four positive regulators responsive to salt tolerance were remarkably elevated by GmMYB133 overexpression, indicating that GmMYB133 might confer salt stress tolerance. Further observation showed that GmMYB133 overexpression perturbed the clock rhythm of AtPRR5, and yeast one-hybrid assay indicated that GmMYB133 could bind to the AtPRR5 promoter. Moreover, the retrieved ChIP-Seq data showed that AtPRR5 could directly target five clients including AtPIF4. Thus, a regulatory module GmMYB133-PRR5-PIF4 was proposed to regulate plant growth and salt stress tolerance. These findings laid a foundation to further address the functional roles of GmMYB133 and its regulatory mechanisms in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Shan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Salt-Alkali Stress Tolerance Evaluation and Genetic Improvement, Cangzhou, China
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Salt-Alkali Stress Tolerance Evaluation and Genetic Improvement, Cangzhou, China
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Cangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Xia
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruihua Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaomin Bian
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuyan Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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22
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Im JH, Son S, Ko JH, Kim KH, An CS, Han KH. Nuclear Translocation of Soybean MPK6, GmMPK6, Is Mediated by Hydrogen Peroxide in Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122611. [PMID: 34961082 PMCID: PMC8704742 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascade, a highly conserved signal transduction system in eukaryotes, plays a crucial role in the plant's response to environmental stimuli and phytohormones. It is well-known that nuclear translocation of MPKs is necessary for their activities in mammalian cells. However, the mechanism underlying nuclear translocation of plant MPKs is not well elucidated. In the previous study, it has been shown that soybean MPK6 (GmMPK6) is activated by phosphatidic acid (PA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are two signaling molecules generated during salt stress. Using the two signaling molecules, we investigated how salt stress triggers its translocation to the nucleus. Our results show that the translocation of GmMPK6 to the nucleus is mediated by H2O2, but not by PA. Furthermore, the translocation was interrupted by diphenylene iodonium (DPI) (an inhibitor of RBOH), confirming that H2O2 is the signaling molecule for the nuclear translocation of GmMPK6 during salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Im
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; (J.H.I.); (S.S.); (C.S.A.)
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Seungmin Son
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; (J.H.I.); (S.S.); (C.S.A.)
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Chung Sun An
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; (J.H.I.); (S.S.); (C.S.A.)
| | - Kyung-Hwan Han
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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23
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Yan Z, Wang J, Wang F, Xie C, Lv B, Yu Z, Dai S, Liu X, Xia G, Tian H, Li C, Ding Z. MPK3/6-induced degradation of ARR1/10/12 promotes salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52457. [PMID: 34402578 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins are phytohormones that regulate plant development, growth, and responses to stress. In particular, cytokinin has been reported to negatively regulate plant adaptation to high salinity; however, the molecular mechanisms that counteract cytokinin signaling and enable salt tolerance are not fully understood. Here, we provide evidence that salt stress induces the degradation of the cytokinin signaling components Arabidopsis (Arabidopisis thaliana) response regulator 1 (ARR1), ARR10 and ARR12. Furthermore, the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MPK3) and MPK6 interact with and phosphorylate ARR1/10/12 to promote their degradation in response to salt stress. As expected, salt tolerance is decreased in the mpk3/6 double mutant, but enhanced upon ectopic MPK3/MPK6 activation in an MKK5DD line. Importantly, salt hypersensitivity phenotypes of the mpk3/6 line were significantly alleviated by mutation of ARR1/12. The above results indicate that MPK3/6 enhance salt tolerance in part via their negative regulation of ARR1/10/12 protein stability. Thus, our work reveals a new molecular mechanism underlying salt-induced stress adaptation and the inhibition of plant growth, via enhanced degradation of cytokinin signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuantian Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingsheng Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zipeng Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Northern Yellow-huai River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China
| | - Guangmin Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huiyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cuiling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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24
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Rufián JS, Rueda-Blanco J, López-Márquez D, Macho AP, Beuzón CR, Ruiz-Albert J. The bacterial effector HopZ1a acetylates MKK7 to suppress plant immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1138-1156. [PMID: 33960430 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas syringae type III secretion system translocates effector proteins into the host cell cytosol to suppress plant basal immunity. Effector HopZ1a suppresses local and systemic immunity triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and effectors, through target acetylation. HopZ1a has been shown to target several plant proteins, but none fully substantiates HopZ1a-associated immune suppression. Here, we investigate Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs) as potential targets, focusing on AtMKK7, a positive regulator of local and systemic immunity. We analyse HopZ1a interference with AtMKK7 by translocation of HopZ1a from bacteria inoculated into Arabidopsis expressing MKK7 from an inducible promoter. Reciprocal phenotypes are analysed on plants expressing a construct quenching MKK7 native expression. We analyse HopZ1a-MKK7 interaction by three independent methods, and the relevance of acetylation by in vitro kinase and in planta functional assays. We demonstrate the AtMKK7 contribution to immune signalling showing MKK7-dependent flg22-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, MAP kinas (MAPK) activation and callose deposition, plus AvrRpt2-triggered MKK7-dependent signalling. Furthermore, we demonstrate HopZ1a suppression of all MKK7-dependent responses, HopZ1a-MKK7 interaction in planta and HopZ1a acetylation of MKK7 with a lysine required for full kinase activity. We demonstrate that HopZ1a targets AtMKK7 to suppress local and systemic plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S Rufián
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Javier Rueda-Blanco
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| | - Diego López-Márquez
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Carmen R Beuzón
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Albert
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
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25
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Morán-Diez ME, Martínez de Alba ÁE, Rubio MB, Hermosa R, Monte E. Trichoderma and the Plant Heritable Priming Responses. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040318. [PMID: 33921806 PMCID: PMC8072925 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that Trichoderma is an inhabitant of the rhizosphere that plays an important role in how plants interact with the environment. Beyond the production of cell wall degrading enzymes and metabolites, Trichoderma spp. can protect plants by inducing faster and stronger immune responses, a mechanism known as priming, which involves enhanced accumulation of dormant cellular proteins that function in intracellular signal amplification. One example of these proteins is the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) that are triggered by the rise of cytosolic calcium levels and cellular redox changes following a stressful challenge. Transcription factors such as WRKYs, MYBs, and MYCs, play important roles in priming as they act as regulatory nodes in the transcriptional network of systemic defence after stress recognition. In terms of long-lasting priming, Trichoderma spp. may be involved in plants epigenetic regulation through histone modifications and replacements, DNA (hypo)methylation, and RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Inheritance of these epigenetic marks for enhanced resistance and growth promotion, without compromising the level of resistance of the plant’s offspring to abiotic or biotic stresses, seems to be an interesting path to be fully explored.
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26
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Im JH, Ko JH, Kim WC, Crain B, Keathley D, Han KH. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 negatively regulates secondary wall biosynthesis by modulating MYB46 protein stability in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009510. [PMID: 33826618 PMCID: PMC8055014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB46 functions as a master switch for secondary cell wall biosynthesis, ensuring the exquisite expression of the secondary wall biosynthetic genes in the tissues where secondary walls are critical for growth and development. At the same time, suppression of its function is needed when/where formation of secondary walls is not desirable. Little is known about how this opposing control of secondary cell wall formation is achieved. We used both transient and transgenic expression of MYB46 and mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6) to investigate the molecular mechanism of the post-translational regulation of MYB46. We show that MYB46 is phosphorylated by MPK6, leading to site specific phosphorylation-dependent degradation of MYB46 by the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome pathway. In addition, the MPK6-mediated MYB46 phosphorylation was found to regulate in planta secondary wall forming function of MYB46. Furthermore, we provide experimental evidences that MYB83, a paralog of MYB46, is not regulated by MPK6. The coupling of MPK signaling to MYB46 function provides insights into the tissue- and/or condition-specific activity of MYB46 for secondary wall biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Im
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (J-HK); (K-HH)
| | - Won-Chan Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Brent Crain
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Daniel Keathley
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kyung-Hwan Han
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (J-HK); (K-HH)
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27
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Oelmüller R. Threat at One End of the Plant: What Travels to Inform the Other Parts? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3152. [PMID: 33808792 PMCID: PMC8003533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation and response to environmental changes require dynamic and fast information distribution within the plant body. If one part of a plant is exposed to stress, attacked by other organisms or exposed to any other kind of threat, the information travels to neighboring organs and even neighboring plants and activates appropriate responses. The information flow is mediated by fast-traveling small metabolites, hormones, proteins/peptides, RNAs or volatiles. Electric and hydraulic waves also participate in signal propagation. The signaling molecules move from one cell to the neighboring cell, via the plasmodesmata, through the apoplast, within the vascular tissue or-as volatiles-through the air. A threat-specific response in a systemic tissue probably requires a combination of different traveling compounds. The propagating signals must travel over long distances and multiple barriers, and the signal intensity declines with increasing distance. This requires permanent amplification processes, feedback loops and cross-talks among the different traveling molecules and probably a short-term memory, to refresh the propagation process. Recent studies show that volatiles activate defense responses in systemic tissues but also play important roles in the maintenance of the propagation of traveling signals within the plant. The distal organs can respond immediately to the systemic signals or memorize the threat information and respond faster and stronger when they are exposed again to the same or even another threat. Transmission and storage of information is accompanied by loss of specificity about the threat that activated the process. I summarize our knowledge about the proposed long-distance traveling compounds and discuss their possible connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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28
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Deom CM, Alabady MS, Yang L. Early transcriptome changes induced by the Geminivirus C4 oncoprotein: setting the stage for oncogenesis. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:147. [PMID: 33653270 PMCID: PMC7923490 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Beet curly top virus C4 oncoprotein is a pathogenic determinant capable of inducing extensive developmental abnormalities. No studies to date have investigated how the transcriptional profiles differ between plants expressing or not expressing the C4 oncoprotein. RESULTS We investigated early transcriptional changes in Arabidopsis associated with expression of the Beet curly top virus C4 protein that represent initial events in pathogenesis via a comparative transcriptional analysis of mRNAs and small RNAs. We identified 48 and 94 differentially expressed genes at 6- and 12-h post-induction versus control plants. These early time points were selected to focus on direct regulatory effects of C4 expression. Since previous evidence suggested that the C4 protein regulated the brassinosteroid (BR)-signaling pathway, differentially expressed genes could be divided into two groups: those responsive to alterations in the BR-signaling pathway and those uniquely responsive to C4. Early transcriptional changes that disrupted hormone homeostasis, 18 and 19 differentially expressed genes at both 6- and 12-hpi, respectively, were responsive to C4-induced regulation of the BR-signaling pathway. Other C4-induced differentially expressed genes appeared independent of the BR-signaling pathway at 12-hpi, including changes that could alter cell development (4 genes), cell wall homeostasis (5 genes), redox homeostasis (11 genes) and lipid transport (4 genes). Minimal effects were observed on expression of small RNAs. CONCLUSION This work identifies initial events in genetic regulation induced by a geminivirus C4 oncoprotein. We provide evidence suggesting the C4 protein regulates multiple regulatory pathways and provides valuable insights into the role of the C4 protein in regulating initial events in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Michael Deom
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Magdy S Alabady
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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29
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Cecchini NM, Speed DJ, Roychoudhry S, Greenberg JT. Kinases and protein motifs required for AZI1 plastid localization and trafficking during plant defense induction. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1615-1629. [PMID: 33342031 PMCID: PMC8048937 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The proper subcellular localization of defense factors is an important part of the plant immune system. A key component for systemic resistance, lipid transfer protein (LTP)-like AZI1, is needed for the systemic movement of the priming signal azelaic acid (AZA) and a pool of AZI1 exists at the site of AZA production, the plastid envelope. Moreover, after systemic defense-triggering infections, the proportion of AZI1 localized to plastids increases. However, AZI1 does not possess a classical plastid transit peptide that can explain its localization. Instead, AZI1 uses a bipartite N-terminal signature that allows for its plastid targeting. Furthermore, the kinases MPK3 and MPK6, associated with systemic immunity, promote the accumulation of AZI1 at plastids during priming induction. Our results indicate the existence of a mode of plastid targeting possibly related to defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás M. Cecchini
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell BiologyThe University of Chicago929 East 57th Street GCIS 524WChicagoIL60637USA
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC‐CONICET) and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel CaputtoFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de CórdobaHaya de la Torre y Medina Allende – Ciudad UniversitariaCórdobaX5000HUAArgentina
| | - DeQuantarius J. Speed
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell BiologyThe University of Chicago929 East 57th Street GCIS 524WChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Suruchi Roychoudhry
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell BiologyThe University of Chicago929 East 57th Street GCIS 524WChicagoIL60637USA
- Centre for Plant SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Jean T. Greenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell BiologyThe University of Chicago929 East 57th Street GCIS 524WChicagoIL60637USA
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30
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Vlot AC, Sales JH, Lenk M, Bauer K, Brambilla A, Sommer A, Chen Y, Wenig M, Nayem S. Systemic propagation of immunity in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1234-1250. [PMID: 32978988 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Systemic immunity triggered by local plant-microbe interactions is studied as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) or induced systemic resistance (ISR) depending on the site of induction and the lifestyle of the inducing microorganism. SAR is induced by pathogens interacting with leaves, whereas ISR is induced by beneficial microbes interacting with roots. Although salicylic acid (SA) is a central component of SAR, additional signals exclusively promote systemic and not local immunity. These signals cooperate in SAR- and possibly also ISR-associated signaling networks that regulate systemic immunity. The non-SA SAR pathway is driven by pipecolic acid or its presumed bioactive derivative N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid. This pathway further regulates inter-plant defense propagation through volatile organic compounds that are emitted by SAR-induced plants and recognized as defense cues by neighboring plants. Both SAR and ISR influence phytohormone crosstalk towards enhanced defense against pathogens, which at the same time affects the composition of the plant microbiome. This potentially leads to further changes in plant defense, plant-microbe, and plant-plant interactions. Therefore, we propose that such inter-organismic interactions could be combined in potentially highly effective plant protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Corina Vlot
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Jennifer H Sales
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Miriam Lenk
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Kornelia Bauer
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Alessandro Brambilla
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Anna Sommer
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Marion Wenig
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Shahran Nayem
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
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Wang C, Gao H, Chu Z, Ji C, Xu Y, Cao W, Zhou S, Song Y, Liu H, Zhu C. A nonspecific lipid transfer protein, StLTP10, mediates resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:48-63. [PMID: 33118686 PMCID: PMC7749752 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonspecific lipidtransfer proteins (nsLTPs), which are small, cysteine-rich proteins, belong to the pathogenesis-related protein family, and several of them act as positive regulators during plant disease resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these proteins in plant immune responses are unclear. In this study, a typical nsLTP gene, StLTP10, was identified and functionally analysed in potato. StLTP10 expression was significantly induced by Phytophthora infestans, which causes late blight in potato, and defence-related phytohormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. Characterization of StLTP10-overexpressing and knockdown lines indicated that StLTP10 positively regulates plant resistance to P. infestans. This resistance was coupled with enhanced expression of reactive oxygen species scavenging- and defence-related genes. Furthermore, we identified that StLTP10 physically interacts with ABA receptor PYL4 and affects its subcellular localization. These two proteins work together to regulate stomatal closure during pathogen infection. Interestingly, we also found that wound-induced protein kinase interacts with StLTP10 and positively regulates its protein abundance. Taken together, our results provide insight into the role of StLTP10 in resistance to P. infestans and suggest candidates to enhance broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, ShandongChina
| | - Hongjuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, ShandongChina
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, ShandongChina
| | - Changquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, ShandongChina
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, ShandongChina
| | - Weilin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, ShandongChina
| | - Shumei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, ShandongChina
| | - Yunzhi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, ShandongChina
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, ShandongChina
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of Life SciencesShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an, ShandongChina
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32
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Cortijo S, Locke JCW. Does Gene Expression Noise Play a Functional Role in Plants? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1041-1051. [PMID: 32467064 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression in individual cells can be surprisingly noisy. In unicellular organisms this noise can be functional; for example, by allowing a subfraction of the population to prepare for environmental stress. The role of gene expression noise in multicellular organisms has, however, remained unclear. In this review, we discuss how new techniques are revealing an unexpected level of variability in gene expression between and within genetically identical plants. We describe recent progress as well as speculate on the function of transcriptional noise as a mechanism for generating functional phenotypic diversity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cortijo
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - James C W Locke
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.
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Sun Y, Zhao J, Li X, Li Y. E2 conjugases UBC1 and UBC2 regulate MYB42-mediated SOS pathway in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:455-472. [PMID: 32167578 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) is recognized as a crucial eukaryotic regulatory mechanism that controls a range of cellular processes during both development and adaptation to environmental changes. In Arabidopsis, the E2 conjugated enzymes UBIQUITIN CARRIER PROTEINs (UBCs) -1 and -2 mediate ubiquitination of H2B. Here, we elucidated the functions of UBC1 and -2 in salt-stress responses and revealed their downstream target genes. Real-time quantitative PCR assays showed that UBC1 and -2 positively regulated the salt-induced expression of MYB42 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 4 (MPK4). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that H2Bub1 was enriched weakly on the chromatin of MYB42 and MPK4 in the ubc1,2 mutant. We further determined that UBC1/2-mediated H2Bub1 enhanced the level of histone H3 tri-methylated on K4 (H3K4me3) in the chromatin of MYB42 and MPK4 under salt-stress conditions. MPK4 interacted with and phosphorylated MYB42. The MPK4-mediated MYB42 phosphorylation enhanced the MYB42 protein stability and transcriptional activity under salt-stress conditions. We further showed that MYB42 directly bound to the SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 2 (SOS2) promoter and mediated the rapid induction of its expression after a salt treatment. Our results indicate that UBC1 and -2 positively regulate salt-stress responses by modulating MYB42-mediated SOS2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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34
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Dhar N, Caruana J, Erdem I, Raina R. An Arabidopsis DISEASE RELATED NONSPECIFIC LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN 1 is required for resistance against various phytopathogens and tolerance to salt stress. Gene 2020; 753:144802. [PMID: 32454178 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Synchronous and timely regulation of multiple genes results in an effective defense response that decides the fate of the host when challenged with pathogens or unexpected changes in environmental conditions. One such gene, which is downregulated in response to multiple bacterial pathogens, is a putative nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) of unknown function that we have named DISEASE RELATED NONSPECIFIC LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN 1 (DRN1). We show that upon pathogen challenge, DRN1 is strongly downregulated, while a putative DRN1-targeting novel microRNA (miRNA) named DRN1 Regulating miRNA (DmiR) is reciprocally upregulated. Furthermore, we provide evidence that DRN1 is required for defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens as well as for normal seedling growth under salinity stress. Although nsLTP family members from different plant species are known to be a significant source of food allergens and are often associated with antimicrobial properties, our knowledge on the biological functions and regulation of this gene family is limited. Our current work not only sheds light on the mechanism of regulation but also helps in the functional characterization of DRN1, a putative nsLTP family member of hitherto unknown function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhilesh Dhar
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States; Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA 93905, United States
| | - Julie Caruana
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States; American Society for Engineering Education Postdoctoral Fellow, Washington DC 20375, United States
| | - Irmak Erdem
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Ramesh Raina
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States.
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Lambin J, Demirel Asci S, Dubiel M, Tsaneva M, Verbeke I, Wytynck P, De Zaeytijd J, Smagghe G, Subramanyam K, Van Damme EJM. OsEUL Lectin Gene Expression in Rice: Stress Regulation, Subcellular Localization and Tissue Specificity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:185. [PMID: 32194594 PMCID: PMC7061729 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The Euonymus lectin (EUL) family is a unique group of carbohydrate-binding proteins that is omnipresent in plants. Sequences encoding EUL-related lectins have been retrieved from all completely sequenced plant genomes. The rice (Oryza sativa) genome contains 5 functional EUL genes referred to as OsEULS2, OsEULS3, OsEULD1a, OsEULD1b, and OsEULD2. In this study we focused on the tissue specific expression, stress inducibility and subcellular localization of the rice EULs. Even though the EUL domain sequence is highly conserved among the rice EULs (at least 80% sequence similarity) different biotic and abiotic stress treatments yielded unique responses for the different EULs. Transcript levels for OsEULs were differentially affected by drought and salt stress, ABA treatment, pathogen infection or insect infestation. Analysis of promoter activity revealed differential expression and tissue specificity for the 5 OsEUL genes, with most expression observed in the vascular system of roots and shoots, as well as in the root tips and seeds. At cell level, all OsEULs are located in the nucleus whereas OsEULD1b and OsEULD2 also locate to the cytoplasm. This paper contributes to the functional characterization of the EULs and provides insight in the biological importance of this family of proteins for rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Lambin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sinem Demirel Asci
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Malgorzata Dubiel
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mariya Tsaneva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabel Verbeke
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Wytynck
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen De Zaeytijd
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kondeti Subramanyam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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36
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Zhao J, Wang S, Qin J, Sun C, Liu F. The lipid transfer protein OsLTPL159 is involved in cold tolerance at the early seedling stage in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:756-769. [PMID: 31469486 PMCID: PMC7004919 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) play critical roles in plant development and response to abiotic stresses. Here, we found that a rice lipid transfer protein, OsLTPL159, was associated with cold tolerance at the early seedling stage. Overexpression of an OsLTPL159IL112 allele from the cold-tolerant introgression line IL112 in either the japonica variety Zhonghua17 (ZH17) or the indica variety Teqing background dramatically enhanced cold tolerance. In addition, down-regulation of the expression of OsLTPL159 in the japonica variety ZH17 by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly decreased cold tolerance. Further transcriptomic, physiological and histological analysis showed that the OsLTPL159IL112 allele likely enhanced the cold tolerance of rice at the early seedling stage by decreasing the toxic effect of reactive oxygen species, enhancing cellulose deposition in the cell wall and promoting osmolyte accumulation, thereby maintaining the integrity of the chloroplasts. Notably, overexpression of another allele, OsLTPL159GC2 , from the recipient parent Guichao 2 (GC2), an indica variety, did not improve cold tolerance, indicating that the variations in the OsLTPL159 coding region of GC2 might disrupt its function for cold tolerance. Further sequence comparison found that all 22 japonica varieties surveyed had an OsLTPL159 haplotype identical to IL112 and were more cold-tolerant than the surveyed indica varieties, implying that the variations in OsLTPL159 might be associated with differential cold tolerance of japonica and indica rice. Therefore, our findings suggest that the OsLTPL159 allele of japonica rice could be used to improve cold tolerance of indica rice through a molecular breeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryNational Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryNational Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jingjing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryNational Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chuanqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryNational Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fengxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiochemistryNational Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice)MOE Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementDepartment of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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37
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Deng W, Li R, Xu Y, Mao R, Chen S, Chen L, Chen L, Liu YG, Chen Y. A lipid transfer protein variant with a mutant eight-cysteine motif causes photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive dwarfism in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1294-1305. [PMID: 31701134 PMCID: PMC7031082 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is an important trait for architecture patterning and crop yield improvement. Although the pathways involving gibberellins and brassinosteroids have been well studied, there are still many gaps in our knowledge of the networks that control plant height. In this study, we determined that a dominant photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive dwarf mutant is caused by the active role of a mutated gene Photoperiod-thermo-sensitive dwarfism 1 (Ptd1), the wild-type of which encodes a non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP). Ptd1 plants showed severe dwarfism under long-day and low-temperature conditions, but grew almost normal under short-day and high-temperature conditions. These phenotypic variations were associated with Ptd1 mRNA levels and accumulation of the corresponding protein. Furthermore, we found that the growth inhibition in Ptd1 may result from the particular protein conformation of Ptd1 due to loss of two disulfide bonds in the eight-cysteine motif (8-CM) that is conserved among nsLTPs. These results contribute to our understanding of the novel function of disulfide bonds in the 8-CM, and provide a potential new strategy for regulation of cell development and plant height by modifying the amino acid residues involved in protein conformation patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riqing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runyuan Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuifu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Letian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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38
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Verma D, Jalmi SK, Bhagat PK, Verma N, Sinha AK. A bHLH transcription factor, MYC2, imparts salt intolerance by regulating proline biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. FEBS J 2019; 287:2560-2576. [PMID: 31782895 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
MYC2, a bHLH TF, acts as regulatory hub within several signaling pathways by integration of various endogenous and exogenous signals which shape plant growth and development. However, its involvement in salt stress regulation is still elusive. This study has deciphered a novel role of MYC2 in imparting salt stress intolerance by regulating delta1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase1 (P5CS1) gene and hence proline synthesis. P5CS1 is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of proline. Y-1-H and EMSA studies confirmed the binding of MYC2 with the 5'UTR region of P5CS1. Transcript and biochemical studies have revealed MYC2 as a negative regulator of proline biosynthesis. Proline is necessary for imparting tolerance toward abiotic stress; however, its overaccumulation is toxic for the plants. Hence, studying the regulation of proline biosynthesis is requisite to understand the mechanism of stress tolerance. We have also studied that MYC2 is regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3-MPK6 and vice versa. Altogether, this study demonstrates salt stress-mediated activation of MYC2 by MAPK cascade, regulating proline biosynthesis and thus salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neetu Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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39
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Rubio MB, Martínez de Alba AE, Nicolás C, Monte E, Hermosa R. Early Root Transcriptomic Changes in Wheat Seedlings Colonized by Trichoderma harzianum Under Different Inorganic Nitrogen Supplies. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2444. [PMID: 31749777 PMCID: PMC6842963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important crops worldwide. The use of plant growth promoting microorganisms, such as those of the genus Trichoderma, constitutes an alternative to chemical fertilizers, since they are cheaper and are not detrimental to the environment. However, the interaction between Trichoderma and wheat plants has been scarcely studied, at least at a molecular level. In the present work, a microarray approach was used to study the early transcriptomic changes induced in wheat roots by Trichoderma harzianum, applied alone or in combination with different concentrations of calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2], which was last used as nitrogen (N) source. Our results show that T. harzianum causes larger transcriptomic changes than Ca(NO3)2 in wheat roots, and such changes are different when plants are challenged with Trichoderma alone or treated with a combination of T. harzianum and Ca(NO3)2. Overall, T. harzianum activates the expression of defense-related genes at early stages of the interaction with the roots, while this fungus reduces the expression of genes related to plant growth and development. Moreover, the current study in wheat roots, subjected to the different T. harzianum and Ca(NO3)2 combinations, reveals that the number of transcriptomic changes was higher when compared against those caused by the different Ca(NO3)2 concentrations than when it was compared against those caused by T. harzianum. N metabolism gene expression changes were in agreement with the levels of nitrate reductase activity measured in plants from Trichoderma plus Ca(NO3)2 conditions. Results were also concordant with plant phenotypes, which showed reduced growth at early interaction stages when inoculated with T. harzianum or with its combination with Ca(NO3)2 at the lowest dosage. These results were in a good agreement with the recognized role of Trichoderma as an inducer of plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Belén Rubio
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Emilio Martínez de Alba
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Nicolás
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique Monte
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosa Hermosa
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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40
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Shen L, Zhuang B, Wu Q, Zhang H, Nie J, Jing W, Yang L, Zhang W. Phosphatidic acid promotes the activation and plasma membrane localization of MKK7 and MKK9 in response to salt stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110190. [PMID: 31481213 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a lipid secondary messenger involved in intracellular signaling in eukaryotes. It has been confirmed that PA mediates salt stress signaling by promoting activation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase 6 (MPK6) which phosphorylates Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1. However, the MPK6-upstream kinases and their relationship to PA remain unclear. Here, we found that, among the six tested Arabidopsis Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinases (MKKs), PA specifically bound to MKK7 and MKK9 which phosphorylate MPK6, and promoted the activation of MKK7/MKK9. Based on phenotypic and physiological analyses, we found that MKK7 and MKK9 positively regulate Arabidopsis salt tolerance and are functionally redundant. NaCl treatment can induce significant increase in MKK7/MKK9 activities, and this depends, in part, on the Phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1). MKK7 and MKK9 also mediate the NaCl-induced activation of MPK6. Furthermore, PA or NaCl treatment could induce translocation of MKK7/MKK9 to the plasma membrane, whereas this translocation disappeared in pldα1. These results indicate that PA binds to MKK7 and MKK9, increases their kinase activity and plasma membrane localization during Arabidopsis response to salt stress. Together with the PA-MPK6-SOS1 pathway identified previously, this mechanism may maximize the signal transduction efficiency, providing novel insights into the link between lipid signaling and MAPK cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Like Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Baocheng Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Kapoor R, Kumar G, Arya P, Jaswal R, Jain P, Singh K, Sharma TR. Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of Rice Hybrid Proline-Rich Proteins in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses, and Hormone Treatment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E343. [PMID: 31514343 PMCID: PMC6784160 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid proline-rich proteins (HyPRPs) belong to the family of 8-cysteine motif (8CM) containing proteins that play important roles in plant development processes, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. To gain insight into the rice HyPRPs, we performed a systematic genome-wide analysis and identified 45 OsHyPRP genes encoding 46 OsHyPRP proteins. The phylogenetic relationships of OsHyPRP proteins with monocots (maize, sorghum, and Brachypodium) and a dicot (Arabidopsis) showed clustering of the majority of OsHyPRPs along with those from other monocots, which suggests lineage-specific evolution of monocots HyPRPs. Based on our previous RNA-Seq study, we selected differentially expressed OsHyPRPs genes and used quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) to measure their transcriptional responses to biotic (Magnaporthe oryzae) and abiotic (heat, cold, and salt) stresses and hormone treatment (Abscisic acid; ABA, Methyl-Jasmonate; MeJA, and Salicylic acid; SA) in rice blast susceptible Pusa Basmati-1 (PB1) and blast-resistant near-isogenic line PB1+Pi9. The induction of OsHyPRP16 expression in response to the majority of stresses and hormonal treatments was highly correlated with the number of cis-regulatory elements present in its promoter region. In silico docking analysis of OsHyPRP16 showed its interaction with sterols of fungal/protozoan origin. The characterization of the OsHyPRP gene family enables us to recognize the plausible role of OsHyPRP16 in stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, Punjab, India.
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Preeti Arya
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
| | - Rajdeep Jaswal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, Punjab, India.
| | - Priyanka Jain
- National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, Punjab, India.
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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Gong B, Shi Q. Identifying S-nitrosylated proteins and unraveling S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-modulated sodic alkaline stress tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 142:84-93. [PMID: 31277045 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation, regulated by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), is considered as an important route for nitric oxide (NO)-modulated stress tolerance in plants. However, genetic evidence for the GSNOR-mediated integrated regulation of S-nitrosylation and plant stress response remains elusive until now. In the present study, we used a site-specific nitrosoproteomic approach to identify 334 endogenously S-nitrosylated proteins with 425 S-nitrosylated sites from the wild type (WT) and GSNOR-knockdown (G) tomato plants under both control (C) and sodic alkaline stress (S) conditions. In detail, the results revealed 68, 92, 54 and 56 up-regulated, as well as 10, 36, 14 and 10 down-regulated S-nitrosylated proteins in G-C/WT-C, G-S/WT-S, WT-S/WT-C, and G-S/G-C, which is the first dataset for S-nitrosylated proteins in Solanaceae. These S-nitrosylated proteins are involved in a wide range of various metabolic, cellular and catalytic processes. Based on this data, proteins involving in NO homeostasis control, signaling of Ca2+, ethylene and MAPK, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, osmotic regulation, as well as energy support pathway have been identified and selected as the key and sensitive targets that were regulated by GSNOR-modulated S-nitrosylation in response to sodic alkaline stress. Taken together, GSNOR is actively involved in the regulation of sodic alkaline stress tolerance by S-nitrosylation. And the present study provided valuable resources and new clues for the study of S-nitrosylation-regulated metabolism in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China.
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Rojas M, Jimenez-Bremont F, Villicaña C, Carreón-Palau L, Arredondo-Vega BO, Gómez-Anduro G. Involvement of OpsLTP1 from Opuntia streptacantha in abiotic stress adaptation and lipid metabolism. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:816-829. [PMID: 31138396 DOI: 10.1071/fp18280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) exhibit the ability to transfer lipids between membranes in vitro, and have been implicated in diverse physiological processes associated to plant growth, reproduction, development, biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, their mode of action is not yet fully understood. To explore the functions of the OpsLTP1 gene encoding a LTP from cactus pear Opuntia streptacantha Lem., we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants to overexpress OpsLTP1 and contrasted our results with the loss-of-function mutant ltp3 from A. thaliana under abiotic stress conditions. The ltp3 mutant seeds showed impaired germination under salt and osmotic treatments, in contrast to OpsLTP1 overexpressing lines that displayed significant increases in germination rate. Moreover, stress recovery assays showed that ltp3 mutant seedlings were more sensitive to salt and osmotic treatments than wild-type plants suggesting that AtLTP3 is required for stress-induced responses, while the OpsLTP1 overexpressing line showed no significant differences. In addition, OpsLTP1 overexpressing and ltp3 mutant seeds stored lower amount of total lipids compared with wild-type seeds, showing changes primarily on 16C and 18C fatty acids. However, ltp3 mutant also lead changes in lipid profile and no over concrete lipids which may suggest a compensatory activation of other LTPs. Interestingly, linoleic acid (18:2ω6) was consistently increased in neutral, galactoglycerolipids and phosphoglycerolipids of OpsLTP1 overexpressing line indicating a role of OpsLTP1 in the modulation of lipid composition in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Apdo, Postal 128, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Francisco Jimenez-Bremont
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica. Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4 sección CP. 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México
| | - Claudia Villicaña
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Apartado Postal 32-A. C. P. 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Laura Carreón-Palau
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Apdo, Postal 128, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Bertha Olivia Arredondo-Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Apdo, Postal 128, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Gracia Gómez-Anduro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Apdo, Postal 128, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México; and Corresponding author.
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Bouain N, Krouk G, Lacombe B, Rouached H. Getting to the Root of Plant Mineral Nutrition: Combinatorial Nutrient Stresses Reveal Emergent Properties. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:542-552. [PMID: 31006547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants have to handle daily fluctuations in light and temperature. In addition, plants face biotic and abiotic stresses that often come in various combinations. For instance, the availability of various nutrients in soil is heterogeneous, resulting in combined nutrient stress. Recent studies reveal that plant responses to multiple nutrient stresses are not the summation of the plant responses to each individual stress. Here, we present and discuss the interactions between phosphate, nitrogen, and zinc to illustrate the effect of macro- and micronutrient interactions on plant growth and ion homeostasis. Solving the mystery of these interactions will pave the way to the development of strategies to improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouain
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, INRA, CNRS, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriel Krouk
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, INRA, CNRS, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Lacombe
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, INRA, CNRS, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, INRA, CNRS, SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
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Ma QJ, Sun MH, Kang H, Lu J, You CX, Hao YJ. A CIPK protein kinase targets sucrose transporter MdSUT2.2 at Ser 254 for phosphorylation to enhance salt tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:918-930. [PMID: 29791976 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stressors that negatively affect crop growth and yield. Salt stress can regulate antioxidants and the accumulation of osmoprotectants. In the study, a sucrose transporter MdSUT2.2 was identified in apple. Overexpression of MdSUT2.2 gene increased salt tolerance in the transgenic apple, compared with the WT control "Gala." In addition, it was found that protein MdSUT2.2 was phosphorylated at Ser254 site in response to salt. A DUAL membrane yeast hybridization system through an apple cDNA library demonstrated that a protein kinase MdCIPK13 interacted with MdSUT2.2. A series of transgenic analysis in apple calli showed that MdCIPK13 was required for the salt-induced phosphorylation of MdSUT2.2 protein and enhanced its stability and transport activity. Finally, it was found that MdCIPK13 improved salt resistance in an MdSUT2.2-dependent manner. These findings had enriched our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jun Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Mei-Hong Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Kang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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Shine MB, Xiao X, Kachroo P, Kachroo A. Signaling mechanisms underlying systemic acquired resistance to microbial pathogens. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:81-86. [PMID: 30709496 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to biotic stress by inducing a variety of responses, which not only protect against the immediate diseases but also provide immunity from future infections. One example is systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which provides long-lasting and broad-spectrum protection at the whole plant level. The induction of SAR prepares the plant for a more robust response to subsequent infections from related and unrelated pathogens. SAR involves the rapid generation of signals at the primary site of infection, which are transported to the systemic parts of the plant presumably via the phloem. SAR signal generation and perception requires an intact cuticle, a waxy layer covering all aerial parts of the plant. A chemically diverse set of SAR inducers has already been identified, including hormones (salicylic acid, methyl salicylate), primary/secondary metabolites (nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, glycerol-3-phosphate, azelaic acid, pipecolic acid, dihyroabetinal), fatty acid/lipid derivatives (18 carbon unsaturated fatty acids, galactolipids), and proteins (DIR1-Defective in Induced Resistance 1, AZI1-Azelaic acid Induced 1). Some of these are demonstrably mobile and the phloem loading routes for three of these SAR inducers is known. Here we discuss the recent findings related to synthesis, transport, and the relationship between these various SAR inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Shine
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Xueqiong Xiao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Pradeep Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Aardra Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States.
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47
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Cortijo S, Aydin Z, Ahnert S, Locke JC. Widespread inter-individual gene expression variability in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Syst Biol 2019; 15:e8591. [PMID: 30679203 PMCID: PMC6346214 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20188591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in biology is how gene expression is regulated to give rise to a phenotype. However, transcriptional variability is rarely considered although it could influence the relationship between genotype and phenotype. It is known in unicellular organisms that gene expression is often noisy rather than uniform, and this has been proposed to be beneficial when environmental conditions are unpredictable. However, little is known about inter-individual transcriptional variability in multicellular organisms. Using transcriptomic approaches, we analysed gene expression variability between individual Arabidopsis thaliana plants growing in identical conditions over a 24-h time course. We identified hundreds of genes that exhibit high inter-individual variability and found that many are involved in environmental responses, with different classes of genes variable between the day and night. We also identified factors that might facilitate gene expression variability, such as gene length, the number of transcription factors regulating the genes and the chromatin environment. These results shed new light on the impact of transcriptional variability in gene expression regulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cortijo
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zeynep Aydin
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian Ahnert
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Cw Locke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Vadovič P, Šamajová O, Takáč T, Novák D, Zapletalová V, Colcombet J, Šamaj J. Biochemical and Genetic Interactions of Phospholipase D Alpha 1 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 Affect Arabidopsis Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:275. [PMID: 30936884 PMCID: PMC6431673 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D alpha 1 (PLDα1, AT3G15730) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) participate on signaling-dependent events in plants. MAPKs are able to phosphorylate a wide range of substrates putatively including PLDs. Here we have focused on functional regulations of PLDα1 by interactions with MAPKs, their co-localization and impact on salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA) tolerance in Arabidopsis. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescent assays showed that PLDα1 interacts with MPK3. Immunoblotting analyses likewise confirmed connection between both these enzymes. Subcellularly we co-localized PLDα1 with MPK3 in the cortical cytoplasm close to the plasma membrane and in cytoplasmic strands. Moreover, genetic interaction studies revealed that pldα1mpk3 double mutant was resistant to a higher salinity and showed a higher tolerance to ABA during germination in comparison to single mutants and wild type. Thus, this study revealed importance of new biochemical and genetic interactions between PLDα1 and MPK3 for Arabidopsis stress (salt and ABA) response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Vadovič
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Takáč
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Dominik Novák
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Veronika Zapletalová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d’Evry, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jozef Šamaj,
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Cecchini NM, Roychoudhry S, Speed DJ, Steffes K, Tambe A, Zodrow K, Konstantinoff K, Jung HW, Engle NL, Tschaplinski TJ, Greenberg JT. Underground Azelaic Acid-Conferred Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:86-94. [PMID: 30156481 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-18-0185-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Local interactions between individual plant organs and diverse microorganisms can lead to whole plant immunity via the mobilization of defense signals. One such signal is the plastid lipid-derived oxylipin azelaic acid (AZA). Arabidopsis lacking AZI1 or EARLI1, related lipid transfer family proteins, exhibit reduced AZA transport among leaves and cannot mount systemic immunity. AZA has been detected in roots as well as leaves. Therefore, the present study addresses the effects on plants of AZA application to roots. AZA but not the structurally related suberic acid inhibits root growth when directly in contact with roots. Treatment of roots with AZA also induces resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in aerial tissues. These effects of AZA on root growth and disease resistance depend, at least partially, on AZI1 and EARLI1. AZI1 in roots localizes to plastids, similar to its known location in leaves. Interestingly, kinases previously shown to modify AZI1 in vitro, MPK3 and MPK6, are also needed for AZA-induced root-growth inhibition and aboveground immunity. Finally, deuterium-labeled AZA applied to the roots does not move to aerial tissues. Thus, AZA application to roots triggers systemic immunity through an AZI1/EARLI1/MPK3/MPK6-dependent pathway and AZA effects may involve one or more additional mobile signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás M Cecchini
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street GCIS 524W, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Suruchi Roychoudhry
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street GCIS 524W, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - DeQuantarius J Speed
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street GCIS 524W, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Kevin Steffes
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street GCIS 524W, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Arjun Tambe
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street GCIS 524W, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Kristin Zodrow
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street GCIS 524W, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Katerina Konstantinoff
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street GCIS 524W, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Ho Won Jung
- 2 Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-Daero 550beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea; and
| | - Nancy L Engle
- 3 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, U.S.A
| | | | - Jean T Greenberg
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street GCIS 524W, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
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50
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Physiological and TMT-based proteomic analysis of oat early seedlings in response to alkali stress. J Proteomics 2018; 193:10-26. [PMID: 30576833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oats are an important cereal crop worldwide, and they also serve as a phytoremediation crop to ameliorate salinized and alkalized soils. However, the mechanism of the oat response to alkali remains unclear. Physiological and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic analyses were employed to elucidate the mechanism of the oat response to alkali stress. Physiological and phenotypic data showed that oat root growth was inhibited more severely than shoot growth after alkali stress. In total, 164 proteins were up-regulated and 241 proteins were down-regulated in roots, and 93 proteins were up-regulated and 139 proteins were down-regulated in shoots. Under high pH stress, transmembrane proton transporters were down-regulated; conversely, organic acid synthesis related enzymes were increased. Transporters of N, P, Fe, Cu and Ca in addition to N assimilation enzymes in the root were highly increased. This result revealed that higher efficiency of P, Fe, Cu and Ca transport, especially higher efficiency of N intake and assimilation, greatly promoted oat root resistance to alkali stress. Furthermore, many resistance proteins, such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) mainly in shoots, GDSL esterase lipase mainly in roots, and WD40-like beta propeller repeat families, greatly accumulated to contribute to oat resistance to alkali stress. SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, physiological and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic analyses were employed to elucidate oats early seedlings in response to alkali stress. Many difference expression proteins were found involving in oats response to alkali stress. Also, higher efficiency transport of P, Fe, Cu, Ca and N greatly promoted oat resistance to alkali stress.
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