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Nguyen H, Vandewalle G, Mertens B, Collard JF, Hinsenkamp M, Verschaeve L, Feipel V, Magne I, Souques M, Beauvois V, Ledent M. Exposure assessment and cytogenetic biomonitoring study of workers occupationally exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2024; 45:260-280. [PMID: 38862415 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Human cytogenetic biomonitoring (HCB) has long been used to evaluate the potential effects of work environments on the DNA integrity of workers. However, HCB studies on the genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-MFs) were limited by the quality of the exposure assessment. More specifically, concerns were raised regarding the method of exposure assessment, the selection of exposure metrics, and the definition of exposure group. In this study, genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to ELF-MFs were assessed on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 88 workers from the electrical sector using the comet and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, considering workers' actual exposure over three consecutive days. Different methods were applied to define exposure groups. Overall, the summarized ELF-MF data indicated a low exposure level in the whole study population. It also showed that relying solely on job titles might misclassify 12 workers into exposure groups. We proposed combining hierarchical agglomerative clustering on personal exposure data and job titles to define exposure groups. The final results showed that occupational MF exposure did not significantly induce more genetic damage. Other factors such as age or past smoking rather than ELF-MF exposure could affect the cytogenetic test outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Orthopédie Traumatologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giovani Vandewalle
- External Occupational Health Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Mensura, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Birgit Mertens
- Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Francois Collard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Orthopédie Traumatologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maurice Hinsenkamp
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Orthopédie Traumatologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veronique Feipel
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Orthopédie Traumatologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Véronique Beauvois
- Applied and Computational Electromagnetics Unit, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maryse Ledent
- Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Gulati S, Mosgoeller W, Moldan D, Kosik P, Durdik M, Jakl L, Skorvaga M, Markova E, Kochanova D, Vigasova K, Belyaev I. Evaluation of oxidative stress and genetic instability among residents near mobile phone base stations in Germany. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116486. [PMID: 38820877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) is restricted to prevent thermal effects in the tissue. However, at very low intensity exposure "non-thermal" biological effects, like oxidative stress, DNA or chromosomal aberrations, etc. collectively termed genomic-instability can occur after few hours. Little is known about chronic (years long) exposure with non-thermal RF-EMF. We identified two neighboring housing estates in a rural region with residents exposed to either relatively low (control-group) or relatively high (exposed-group) RF-EMF emitted from nearby mobile phone base stations (MPBS). 24 healthy adults that lived in their homes at least for 5 years volunteered. The homes were surveyed for common types of EMF, blood samples were tested for oxidative status, transient DNA alterations, permanent chromosomal damage, and specific cancer related genetic markers, like MLL gene rearrangements. We documented possible confounders, like age, sex, nutrition, life-exposure to ionizing radiation (X-rays), occupational exposures, etc. The groups matched well, age, sex, lifestyle and occupational risk factors were similar. The years long exposure had no measurable effect on MLL gene rearrangements and c-Abl-gene transcription modification. Associated with higher exposure, we found higher levels of lipid oxidation and oxidative DNA-lesions, though not statistically significant. DNA double strand breaks, micronuclei, ring chromosomes, and acentric chromosomes were not significantly different between the groups. Chromosomal aberrations like dicentric chromosomes (p=0.007), chromatid gaps (p=0.019), chromosomal fragments (p<0.001) and the total of chromosomal aberrations (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the exposed group. No potential confounder interfered with these findings. Increased rates of chromosomal aberrations as linked to excess exposure with ionizing radiation may also occur with non-ionizing radiation exposure. Biological endpoints can be informative for designing exposure limitation strategies. Further research is warranted to investigate the dose-effect-relationship between both, exposure intensity and exposure time, to account for endpoint accumulations after years of exposure. As established for ionizing radiation, chromosomal aberrations could contribute to the definition of protection thresholds, as their rate reflects exposure intensity and exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gulati
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | - Pavol Kosik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Matus Durdik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Lukas Jakl
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Milan Skorvaga
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Markova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Dominika Kochanova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Vigasova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic.
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Gajski G, Kašuba V, Milić M, Gerić M, Matković K, Delić L, Nikolić M, Pavičić M, Rozgaj R, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Kopjar N. Exploring cytokinesis block micronucleus assay in Croatia: A journey through the past, present, and future in biomonitoring of the general population. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 895:503749. [PMID: 38575251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we used the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay to evaluate the background frequency of cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population concerning different anthropometric data and lifestyle factors. The background frequency of CBMN assay parameters was analysed in 850 healthy, occupationally non-exposed male and female subjects (average age, 38±11 years) gathered from the general Croatian population from 2000 to 2023. The mean background values for micronuclei (MNi) in the whole population were 5.3±4.3 per 1000 binucleated cells, while the mean frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) was 0.7±1.3 and of nuclear buds (NBUDs) 3.1±3.2. The cut-off value, which corresponds to the 95th percentile of the distribution of 850 individual values, was 14 MNi, 3 NPBs, and 9 NBUDs. Results from our database also showed an association of the tested genomic instability parameters with age and sex but also with other lifestyle factors. These findings underscore the importance of considering several anthropometric and lifestyle factors when conducting biomonitoring studies. Overall, the normal and cut-off values attained here present normal values for the general population that can later serve as baseline values for further human biomonitoring studies either in Croatia or worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vilena Kašuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Matković
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Delić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Nikolić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ružica Rozgaj
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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de Araújo AC, de Medeiros MCS, do Nascimento PKDSB, Cobucci RN, Bortolin RH, de Rezende AA. Effect of maternal diet on the frequency of micronuclei in pregnant women and newborns: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300714. [PMID: 38527051 PMCID: PMC10962814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of diet on maternal and child genetic levels have been previously reported. Diet-associated DNA damage, such as the presence of micronuclei (MN), may be related to an increased risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cancer. Such damage is particularly concerning during pregnancy as it can affect the newborn. AIM This review will aim to summarize the primary evidence of the impact of diet during pregnancy on micronucleus frequency in the maternal-newborn population. METHODS This protocol was developed based on the Preferred Reporting Items guidelines for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocol. The review was registered with the International Register of Prospective Systematic Reviews on February 17, 2022 (registration number: CRD42022302401). We will use PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Science direct, and Google databases to search for observational studies. This review will include studies that investigate the diet consumed by pregnant women and its effect on the frequency of MN in mothers and newborns without any time or language limitations. For data extraction, researchers will independently review the full text and collect information that characterizes the study and its findings. We will analyze the results by calculating the odds ratio for each type of diet evaluated, accompanied by a 95% confidence interval. We will perform a quantitative synthesis of homogeneous studies to perform a meta-analysis. Micronucleus frequency quantifies the effect and will be presented as the mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range. EXPECTED RESULTS This review will aim to identify which dietary patterns during pregnancy may be associated with an increase in the frequency of MN in mothers and their newborns. Understanding the impact of diet on the frequency of MN is essential to deepen studies and to propose strategies that aim to protect the health of the public through food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Cristine de Araújo
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Ney Cobucci
- Sciences Applied to Women’s Health Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco (MECJ/EBSERH), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Potiguar University, UnP, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raul Hernandes Bortolin
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Boston Children´s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Raj SG, Rajitha V. Assessment of genotoxic instability markers in peripheral blood lymphocytes of breast cancer patients: a case control study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1559-1563. [PMID: 37222673 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2214226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Changes in genetic constitution of an individual leads to uncontrollable cell growth and tumour formation. The acquisition of genomic instability predisposes cells to accumulate stable genome mutations causing carcinogenesis. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay (CBMN), a well-established marker assay for chromosomal mutagen sensitivity, was applied in this study enrolling breast cancer patients and age and sex-matched controls. This work aimed to assess the predictive value of the frequency of genotoxic markers in peripheral blood lymphocytes for the risk/susceptibility of breast cancer. Samples from a hundred untreated breast cancer patients and age and sex matched controls were enrolled in the study from Government Medical College, Alappuzha. The genomic instability was assessed using cytokinesis block micronucleus assay where cytome events were marked. The results showed a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridge, and buds in the binucleated cells of breast cancer patients compared to the control samples. The variability was assessed by CBMN Cyt assay. The frequency of Micronuclei and Nucleoplasmic buds was significantly higher in the patient groups than in the controls (p < 0.0001). In Breast cancer patients, the median (IQR) range of MNi was 12(6), the Nucleoplasmic bridge 3(3) and the Nuclear buds were 2(1) and, in the controls, it was 6(5), 1(2) and 1(1) respectively. A larger difference in the frequency of genetic markers in cancer patients over control cases support a significant role of these markers in the population screening of individuals at high risk of cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha G Raj
- Department of Anatomy, GTDMC, Alappuzha, India
- Vinayaka Mission Kirupananda Variyar Medical College, Salem, India
| | - V Rajitha
- Department of Anatomy, Vinayaka Mission Kirupananda Variyar Medical College, Salem, India
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Barregård L, Benford D, Broberg K, Dogliotti E, Fletcher T, Rylander L, Abrahantes JC, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Steinkellner H, Tauriainen T, Schwerdtle T. Update of the risk assessment of inorganic arsenic in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8488. [PMID: 38239496 PMCID: PMC10794945 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2009 risk assessment on arsenic in food carrying out a hazard assessment of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and using the revised exposure assessment issued by EFSA in 2021. Epidemiological studies show that the chronic intake of iAs via diet and/or drinking water is associated with increased risk of several adverse outcomes including cancers of the skin, bladder and lung. The CONTAM Panel used the benchmark dose lower confidence limit based on a benchmark response (BMR) of 5% (relative increase of the background incidence after adjustment for confounders, BMDL05) of 0.06 μg iAs/kg bw per day obtained from a study on skin cancer as a Reference Point (RP). Inorganic As is a genotoxic carcinogen with additional epigenetic effects and the CONTAM Panel applied a margin of exposure (MOE) approach for the risk characterisation. In adults, the MOEs are low (range between 2 and 0.4 for mean consumers and between 0.9 and 0.2 at the 95th percentile exposure, respectively) and as such raise a health concern despite the uncertainties.
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Garcia ALH, de Souza MR, Picinini J, Soares S, Rohr P, Linden R, Schneider A, Freitas MPM, Ely HC, Bobermin LD, Dos Santos AQ, Dalberto D, da Silva J. Unraveling gene expression and genetic instability in dental fluorosis: Investigating the impact of chronic fluoride exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167393. [PMID: 37769727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic fluoride exposure, even in small quantities, when continuously ingested by the human population, can lead to a significant public health concern known as fluorosis. Our understanding of the effects of fluoride on human health, as well as its potential to impact DNA, is limited. The present study aimed to assess genetic instability in 20 individuals diagnosed with dental fluorosis and 20 individuals without the condition from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The participants' dental fluorosis was evaluated using the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index (TF). To further evaluate genetic instability, several assays were conducted, including the alkaline and modified (+FPG) comet assay (using a visual score, VS), the buccal micronucleus (MN) cytome (BMCyt) assay, the cytokinesis-block MN (CBMN-Cyt) assay, and the measurement of telomere length (TL). In addition, the study utilized tools from Systems Biology to gain insights into the effects of fluoride exposure on humans, which aided in the selection and evaluation of mRNA expression levels of specific genes, namely PPA1 (inorganic pyrophosphatase 1), AQP5 (Aquaporin 5), and MT-ATP6 (Mitochondrially Encoded Adenosine Triphosphate Synthase Membrane Subunit 6). Furthermore, fluoride levels in the blood and urine were assessed using an ion-selective electrode, along with the evaluation of the inflammatory response in serum. The group with dental fluorosis exhibited 2.18 times higher MN frequencies specifically when assessed using the CBMN-Cyt assay, in comparison with individuals without fluorosis. Findings from the enzyme-modified comet assay indicated oxidative damage to purines in DNA. Furthermore, a decrease in TL was observed, along with elevated expression patterns of the PPA1 and AQP5 genes, and significant alterations in cytokine release. Significant correlations were identified between the TF and age, as well as the levels of necrotic cells. Additionally, noteworthy correlations were established between fluoride levels and the levels of MN, VS, and MT-ATP6. Although dental fluorosis results from fluoride exposure, our research highlights the potential influence of this condition on genomic instability and gene expression. Consequently, our findings stress the importance of continuously monitoring populations with a high incidence of dental fluorosis to enhance our comprehension of how genomic instability might correlate with the origins and consequences of health problems in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Leticia Hilario Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), 92425-900 Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), 92425-900 Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Picinini
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), 92425-900 Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Solange Soares
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), 92425-900 Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paula Rohr
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Institute of Health Sciences, Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Anelise Schneider
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Institute of Health Sciences, Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Perpétua Mota Freitas
- Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Graduate Program in Dentistry, 92425-900 Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Daiana Dalberto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), 92425-900 Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), 92425-900 Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Pajic J, Milovanovic APS. Biological response to the continuous occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs and radionuclides. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1934-1947. [PMID: 37498230 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2241901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antineoplastic drugs and radioiodine are recognized occupational risk factors affecting the genetic material of exposed persons. To assess cytogenetic damage and evaluate the presence of chromosomal instability during occupational exposure, a biomonitoring study was performed using a chromosomal aberration assay and a cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from 314 healthy donors divided into 3 groups (control, exposed to antineoplastic drugs and exposed to radioiodine) were collected and cytogenetically analyzed. RESULTS There was an increase in almost all analyzed parameters registered in the exposed persons. Chromatid breaks were higher in the subjects exposed to antineoplastic drugs, while dicentrics and premature centromere division (PCD) parameters were higher in nuclear medicine workers. The total number of micronuclei was higher in both groups of the exposed. The correlation analysis indicated the association of dicentrics, acentrics, chromosome and chromatid break with PCDs in both groups of the exposed, and micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges with PCDs in the subjects exposed to radioiodine. The discriminant analysis marked off PCD1-5 as the best predictor of exposure. Age, sex, sampling season and duration of exposure significantly influenced the analyzed parameters, while smoking habits did not show any influence. CONCLUSION Based on the observed results, premature centromere division can be considered a valuable parameter of genotoxic risk for individuals occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar P S Milovanovic
- Occupational Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Belgrade, Serbia
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Hernandez-Toledano DS, Salazar-Osorio AI, Medina-Buelvas DM, Romero-Martínez J, Estrada-Muñiz E, Vega L. Methylated and ethylated dialkylphosphate metabolites of organophosphate pesticides: DNA damage in bone marrow cells of Balb/c mice. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 889:503641. [PMID: 37491117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Dialkylphosphates (DAPs), metabolites of organophosphate (OP) pesticides, are widely distributed in the environment and are often used as biomarkers of OP exposure. Recent reports indicate that DAPs may be genotoxic, both in vitro and in vivo. We have examined the genotoxicity of the methylated DAPs dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP) and dimethylphosphate (DMTP) and the ethylated DAPs diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) and diethylphosphate (DETP), in comparison with their parental compounds, malathion and terbufos, respectively, in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) of male and female Balb/c mice. We also compared DNA damage (comet assay) induced by DMDTP and dimethyl phosphate (DMP) in human cell lines. Both DMDTP and DMP caused DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, HeLa cells, and the hepatic cell lines HepG2 and WRL-68. In the in vivo micronucleus assay, methylated and ethylated DAPs increased micronucleated PCE cells in both male and female mice. Female mice were more susceptible to DNA damage. In comparison to their parental compounds, methylated DAPs, particularly DMTP, were more genotoxic than malathion; DEDTP, DETP, and terbufos were similar in potency. These results suggest that DAPs may contribute to DNA damage associated with OP pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sebastián Hernandez-Toledano
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Andrea Ixtchel Salazar-Osorio
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dunia Margarita Medina-Buelvas
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jessica Romero-Martínez
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabet Estrada-Muñiz
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Libia Vega
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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10
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Lee Y, Jin YW, Seong KM, Wilkins RC, Jang S. Improving radiation dosimetry with an automated micronucleus scoring system: correction of automated scoring errors. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023:10.1007/s00411-023-01030-7. [PMID: 37195317 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiation dose estimations performed by automated counting of micronuclei (MN) have been studied for their utility for triage following large-scale radiological incidents; although speed is essential, it also is essential to estimate radiation doses as accurately as possible for long-term epidemiological follow-up. Our goal in this study was to evaluate and improve the performance of automated MN counting for biodosimetry using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. We measured false detection rates and used them to improve the accuracy of dosimetry. The average false-positive rate for binucleated cells was 1.14%; average false-positive and -negative MN rates were 1.03% and 3.50%, respectively. Detection errors seemed to be correlated with radiation dose. Correction of errors by visual inspection of images used for automated counting, called the semi-automated and manual scoring method, increased accuracy of dose estimation. Our findings suggest that dose assessment of the automated MN scoring system can be improved by subsequent error correction, which could be useful for performing biodosimetry on large numbers of people rapidly, accurately, and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyun Lee
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Jin
- Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Seongjae Jang
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Nunes EA, Silva HCD, Duarte NDAA, de Lima LE, Maraslis FT, Araújo MLD, Pedron T, Lange C, Freire BM, Matias AC, Batista BL, Barcelos GRM. Impact of DNA repair polymorphisms on DNA instability biomarkers induced by lead (Pb) in workers exposed to the metal. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:138897. [PMID: 37182709 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the mechanisms of Pb-induced genotoxicity are well established, a wide individual's variation response is seen in biomarkers related to Pb toxicity, despite similar levels of metal exposure. This may be related to intrinsic variations, such as genetic polymorphisms; moreover, very little is known about the impact of genetic variations related to DNA repair system on DNA instability induced by Pb. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the impact of SNPs in enzymes related to DNA repair system on biomarkers related to acute toxicity and DNA damage induced by Pb exposure, in individuals occupationally exposed to the metal. A cross-sectional study was run with 154 adults (males, >18 years) from an automotive batteries' factory, in Brazil. Blood lead levels (BLL) were determined by ICP-MS; biomarkers related to acute toxicity and DNA instability were monitored by the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMNCyt) assay and genotyping of polymorphisms of MLH1 (rs1799977), OGG1 (rs1052133), PARP1 (rs1136410), XPA (rs1800975), XPC (rs2228000) and XRCC1 (rs25487) were performed by TaqMan assays. BLL ranged from 2.0 to 51 μg dL-1 (mean 20 ± 12 μg dL-1) and significant associations between BLL and BMNCyt biomarkers related to cellular proliferation and cytokinetic, cell death and DNA damage were observed. Furthermore, SNPs from the OGG1, XPA and XPC genes were able to modulate interactions in nuclear bud formation (NBUDs) and micronucleus (MNi) events. Taken together, our data provide further evidence that polymorphisms related to DNA repair pathways may modulate Pb-induced DNA damage; studies that investigate the association between injuries to genetic material and susceptibilities in the workplace can provide additional information on the etiology of diseases and the determination of environmentally responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilene Arusievicz Nunes
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua XV de Novembro 195, CEP 11.060-001, Santos, Brazil.
| | - Heliton Camargo da Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua XV de Novembro 195, CEP 11.060-001, Santos, Brazil.
| | - Nathália de Assis Aguilar Duarte
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua XV de Novembro 195, CEP 11.060-001, Santos, Brazil.
| | - Lindiane Eloisa de Lima
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua XV de Novembro 195, CEP 11.060-001, Santos, Brazil.
| | - Flora Troina Maraslis
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua XV de Novembro 195, CEP 11.060-001, Santos, Brazil.
| | - Marília Ladeira de Araújo
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua XV de Novembro 195, CEP 11.060-001, Santos, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Pedron
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida Dos Estados, 5001, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, Brazil.
| | - Camila Lange
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida Dos Estados, 5001, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Moreira Freire
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida Dos Estados, 5001, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, Brazil.
| | - Andreza Cândido Matias
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida Dos Estados, 5001, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua XV de Novembro 195, CEP 11.060-001, Santos, Brazil.
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12
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Draxler A, Franzke B, Kelecevic S, Maier A, Pantic J, Srienc S, Cellnigg K, Solomon SM, Zötsch C, Aschauer R, Unterberger S, Zöhrer PA, Bragagna L, Strasser EM, Wessner B, Wagner KH. The influence of vitamin D supplementation and strength training on health biomarkers and chromosomal damage in community-dwelling older adults. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102640. [PMID: 36857929 PMCID: PMC9986641 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Older adults lack of proper physical activity which is often accompanied by vitamin D deficiency. Those factors are known to contribute to health issues in the later years of life. The main goal of this intervention study was to investigate the effect of different vitamin D supplementation strategies for 4 weeks solely or combined with a 10-week strength training program on chromosomal stability in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in community-dwelling older people. One hundred women and men (65-85 years) received either vitamin D3 daily (800 IU), a monthly dose (50.000 IU) or placebo for 17 weeks. All groups received 400 mg calcium daily. The fitness status of the study participants was measured using the 30- second chair stand test, the handgrip strength test and the 6-min walk test. The cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome (CBMN) assay was applied to analyze chromosomal anomalies, including cytotoxic and genotoxic parameters. Changes in antioxidant markers were measured in plasma. Walking distance and chair stand performance improved significantly. Increased levels of the parameters of the CBMN assay were detected for all intervention groups at study end. At baseline micronuclei (MNi) frequency correlated significantly with BMI in both sexes (females: r = 0.369, p = 0.034; males: r = 0.265, p = 0.035), but not with vitamin D serum levels. In females, body fat (r = 0.372, p < 0.001) and functional parameter using the 30-s chair stand test (r = 0.311, p = 0.002) correlated significantly with MNi frequency. Interestingly, not vitamin D supplementation but 10 weeks of resistance training increased MNi frequency indicating elevated chromosomal instability and also adverse effects on antioxidant markers including glutathione and FRAP were detected in the group of community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Draxler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School for Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, Josef Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bernhard Franzke
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria; Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sanja Kelecevic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexander Maier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jelena Pantic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Simon Srienc
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | - Carina Zötsch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Aschauer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria; Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School for Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, Josef Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sandra Unterberger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria; Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School for Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, Josef Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Patrick A Zöhrer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria; Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School for Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, Josef Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Laura Bragagna
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School for Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, Josef Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Eva-Maria Strasser
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Remobilization and Functional Health/Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaiser Franz Joseph Hospital, Social Medical Center South, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Austria; Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School for Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, Josef Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria; Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Austria.
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13
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León-Mejía G, Rueda RA, Pérez Pérez J, Miranda-Guevara A, Moreno OF, Quintana-Sosa M, Trindade C, De Moya YS, Ruiz-Benitez M, Lemus YB, Rodríguez IL, Oliveros-Ortiz L, Acosta-Hoyos A, Pacheco-Londoño LC, Muñoz A, Hernández-Rivera SP, Olívero-Verbel J, da Silva J, Henriques JAP. Analysis of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in a population chronically exposed to coal mining residues. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:54095-54105. [PMID: 36869947 PMCID: PMC10119205 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During coal mining activities, many compounds are released into the environment that can negatively impact human health. Particulate matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, and oxides are part of the complex mixture that can affect nearby populations. Therefore, we designed this study to evaluate the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in individuals chronically exposed to coal residues from peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal cells. We recruited 150 individuals who lived more than 20 years in La Loma-Colombia and 120 control individuals from the city of Barranquilla without a history of exposure to coal mining. In the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay, significant differences in the frequency of micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB), nuclear bud (NBUD), and apoptotic cells (APOP) were observed between the two groups. In the buccal micronucleus cytome (BM-Cyt) assay, a significant formation of NBUD, karyorrhexis (KRX), karyolysis (KRL), condensed chromatin (CC), and binucleated (BN) cells was observed in the exposed group. Considering the characteristics of the study group, a significant correlation for CBMN-Cyt was found between NBUD and vitamin consumption, between MN or APOP and meat consumption, and between MN and age. Moreover, a significant correlation for BM-Cyt was found between KRL and vitamin consumption or age, and BN versus alcohol consumption. Using Raman spectroscopy, a significant increase in the concentration of DNA/RNA bases, creatinine, polysaccharides, and fatty acids was detected in the urine of individuals exposed to coal mining compared to the control group. These results contribute to the discussion on the effects of coal mining on nearby populations and the development of diseases due to chronic exposure to these residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethel León-Mejía
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Robinson Alvarez Rueda
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jose Pérez Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Alvaro Miranda-Guevara
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ornella Fiorillo Moreno
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Milton Quintana-Sosa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Cristiano Trindade
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Yurina Sh De Moya
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Martha Ruiz-Benitez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Yesit Bello Lemus
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ibeth Luna Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ludis Oliveros-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Antonio Acosta-Hoyos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Leonardo C Pacheco-Londoño
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, 080002, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Amner Muñoz
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Samuel P Hernández-Rivera
- ALERT DHS Center of Excellence for Explosives Research, Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR, 00681, USA
| | - Jesús Olívero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana Do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas-RS, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia E Em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Do Vale Do Taquari - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
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14
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Issah I, Arko-Mensah J, Agyekum TP, Dwomoh D, Fobil JN. Electronic waste exposure and DNA damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:15-31. [PMID: 34727591 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inappropriate processing and disposal of electronic waste (e-waste) expose workers and surrounding populations to hazardous chemicals, including clastogens and aneugens. Recently, considerable literature has grown around e-waste recycling, associated chemical exposures and intermediate health outcomes, including DNA damage. Micronuclei (MN) frequency has been widely used as a biomarker to investigate DNA damage in human populations exposed to genotoxic agents. We conducted a systematic review of published studies to assess DNA damage in e-waste-exposed populations and performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between e-waste exposure and DNA damage. METHODS This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement checklist. Articles published in English from January 2000 through December 2020 investigating the associations between e-waste exposure and DNA damage were retrieved from the following three major databases: MEDLINE, ProQuest, and Scopus. Studies that reported the use of MN assay as a biomarker of DNA damage were included for meta-analysis. Studies that also reported other DNA damage biomarkers such as chromosomal aberrations, comet assay biomarkers, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), telomere length, apoptosis rate were reported using narrative synthesis. RESULTS A total of 20 publications were included in this review, of which seven studies were within the occupational setting, and the remaining 13 studies were ecological studies. The review found six biomarkers of DNA damage (micronuclei, comets assay parameters (tail length, % tail DNA, tail moment, and olive tail moment), 8-OHdG, telomere length, apoptosis rate and chromosomal aberrations) which were assessed using seven different biological matrices (buccal cells, blood, umbilical cord blood, placenta, urine and semen). Most studies showed elevated levels of DNA damage biomarkers among e-waste exposed populations than in control populations. The most commonly used biomarkers were micronuclei frequency (n=9) in peripheral blood lymphocytes or buccal cells and 8-OHdG (n=7) in urine. The results of the meta-analysis showed that electronic waste recycling has contributed to an increased risk of DNA damage measured using MN frequency with a pooled estimate of the standardized mean difference (SMD) of 2.30 (95% CI: 1.36, 3.24, p<0.001) based on 865 participants. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, evidence from this systematic review with meta-analysis suggest that occupational and non-occupational exposure to e-waste processing is associated with increased risk of DNA damage measured through MN assay and other types of DNA damage biomarkers. However, more studies from other developing countries in Africa, Latin America, and South Asia are needed to confirm and increase these results' generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Issah
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - John Arko-Mensah
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Thomas P Agyekum
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Duah Dwomoh
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Julius N Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
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15
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M’Kacher R, Colicchio B, Junker S, El Maalouf E, Heidingsfelder L, Plesch A, Dieterlen A, Jeandidier E, Carde P, Voisin P. High Resolution and Automatable Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Using In Situ Telomere and Centromere Hybridization for the Accurate Detection of DNA Damage: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065699. [PMID: 36982772 PMCID: PMC10054499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the event of a radiological or nuclear accident, or when physical dosimetry is not available, the scoring of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes constitutes an essential tool for the estimation of the absorbed dose of the exposed individual and for effective triage. Cytogenetic biodosimetry employs different cytogenetic assays including the scoring of dicentrics, micronuclei, and translocations as well as analyses of induced premature chromosome condensation to define the frequency of chromosome aberrations. However, inherent challenges using these techniques include the considerable time span from sampling to result, the sensitivity and specificity of the various techniques, and the requirement of highly skilled personnel. Thus, techniques that obviate these challenges are needed. The introduction of telomere and centromere (TC) staining have successfully met these challenges and, in addition, greatly improved the efficiency of cytogenetic biodosimetry through the development of automated approaches, thus reducing the need for specialized personnel. Here, we review the role of the various cytogenetic dosimeters and their recent improvements in the management of populations exposed to genotoxic agents such as ionizing radiation. Finally, we discuss the emerging potentials to exploit these techniques in a wider spectrum of medical and biological applications, e.g., in cancer biology to identify prognostic biomarkers for the optimal triage and treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhia M’Kacher
- Cell Environment DNA Damage R&D, Genopole, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-160878918
| | - Bruno Colicchio
- IRIMAS, Institut de Recherche en Informatique, Mathématiques, Automatique et Signal, Université de Haute-Alsace, 69093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Steffen Junker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elie El Maalouf
- Cell Environment DNA Damage R&D, Genopole, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | | | - Andreas Plesch
- MetaSystems GmbH, Robert-Bosch-Str. 6, D-68804 Altlussheim, Germany
| | - Alain Dieterlen
- IRIMAS, Institut de Recherche en Informatique, Mathématiques, Automatique et Signal, Université de Haute-Alsace, 69093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Eric Jeandidier
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier de la Région de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace, 69093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Patrice Carde
- Department of Hematology, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94804 Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Voisin
- Cell Environment DNA Damage R&D, Genopole, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
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16
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Nagaraju R, Kalahasthi R, Balachandar R, Bagepally BS. Cadmium exposure and DNA damage (genotoxicity): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 52:786-798. [PMID: 36802997 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2173557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Existing literature suggests an association between chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure and the induction of DNA damage and genotoxicity. However, observations from individual studies are inconsistent and conflicting. Therefore current systematic review aimed to pool evidence from existing literature to synthesize quantitative and qualitative corroboration on the association between markers of genotoxicity and occupational Cd exposed population. Studies that evaluated markers of DNA damage among occupationally Cd-exposed and unexposed workers were selected after a systematic literature search. The DNA damage markers included were chromosomal aberrations (chromosomal, chromatid, sister chromatid exchange), Micronucleus (MN) frequency in mono and binucleated cells (MN with condensed chromatin, lobed nucleus, nuclear buds, mitotic index, nucleoplasmatic bridges, pyknosis, and karyorrhexis), comet assay (tail intensity, tail length, tail moment, and olive tail moment), and oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine). Mean differences or standardized mean differences were pooled using a random-effects model. The Cochran-Q test and I2 statistic were used to monitor heterogeneity among included studies. Twenty-nine studies with 3080 occupationally Cd-exposed and 1807 unexposed workers were included in the review. Cd among the exposed group was higher in blood [4.77 μg/L (-4.94-14.48)] and urine samples [standardized mean difference 0.47 (0.10-0.85)] than in the exposed group. The Cd exposure is positively associated with higher levels of DNA damage characterized by increased frequency of MN [7.35 (-0.32-15.02)], sister chromatid exchange [20.30 (4.34-36.26)], chromosomal aberrations, and oxidative DNA damage (comet assay and 8OHdG [0.41 (0.20-0.63)]) compared to the unexposed. However, with considerable between-study heterogeneity. Chronic Cd exposure is associated with augmented DNA damage. However, more extensive longitudinal studies with adequate sample sizes are necessary to assist the current observations and promote comprehension of the Cd's role in inducing DNA damage.Prospero Registration ID: CRD42022348874.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Nagaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravibabu Kalahasthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rakesh Balachandar
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, India
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17
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Kević Dešić S, Viljetić B, Wagner J. Assessment of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Turpentine in Painters. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020530. [PMID: 36836885 PMCID: PMC9966049 DOI: 10.3390/life13020530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Turpentine is a fluid used mainly as a solvent for thinning oil-based paints, obtained by distilling the resin of coniferous trees. Fine art painters use turpentine on a daily basis. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effect of turpentine and to determine the lymphocyte proliferation index in the peripheral blood of individuals occupationally exposed to turpentine. For this purpose, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) was used to determine the total number of micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB), and nuclear buds (NBUD), as well as the cell proliferation index (CBPI) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the subjects. Twenty-two subjects exposed to turpentine daily through their work participated in the study and were compared to twenty subjects in the control group. The results showed a significant increase in the number of micronuclei and other genotoxicity parameters, as well as significant cytotoxicity based on CBPI values. In addition, the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of turpentine were found to be time-dependent, i.e., the deleterious effects of turpentine on genetic material increase with prolonged exposure. These results strongly suggest that exposure to turpentine vapors may affect genome stability and that occupational safety measures should be taken when using turpentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kević Dešić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Barbara Viljetić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (B.V.); (J.W.)
| | - Jasenka Wagner
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (B.V.); (J.W.)
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da Silva Junior FC, de Araújo LP, Freitas JPDM, de Oliveira Alves N, Bonassi S, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR. Empirical relationship between chromosomal damage and airborne particulate matter: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in exposed populations. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 791:108454. [PMID: 36787824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) has gained significant attention as an environmental risk factor for human health. Although the association between ambient PM and micronucleus (MN) induction has been investigated, the quantitative association of PM and genomic instability is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the association between PM exposure and MN endpoint. Four databases were systematically searched for studies published up to November 2022, to find papers investigating the relationship between ambient PM and MN induction. Random effect models were conducted to estimate the overall effect based on the Ratio of Means (RoM) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Subgroup analysis, funnel plot, and Egger and Begg tests, were also performed. Twenty-three studies across nine countries, including 4450 participants, were included. A meta-RoM of 2.13 for MN (95% CI 1.63-2.79) was observed for individuals exposed to ambient PM compared to non-exposed. A significant difference in the subgroup test was found for buccal cells (3.16, 95% CI 2.20-4.52) and low economy level (3.61, 95% CI 1.44-9.01). Our meta-analysis suggests the presence of an association between PM exposure and the frequency of MN and identified the kind of cells and economic status as possible effect modifiers. The use of effective methods, such as the MN assay, enables identification of early genetic damage in humans, which in turn may anticipate the risk of developing respiratory diseases, including lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Carlos da Silva Junior
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Leticya Pinto de Araújo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - João Paulo de Mendonça Freitas
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Stefano Bonassi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy; Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Regina Batistuzzo de Medeiros
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Pajic J, Rakic B. Re-evaluation of CBMN test reference values of persons continuously occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation in Serbia. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 886:503583. [PMID: 36868697 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
When established, cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test reference values should be periodically evaluated according to the recommendations of reference documents. The biodosimetry cytogenetic laboratory of the Serbian Institute of Occupational Health established the CBMN test reference range for people occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation in 2016. Since then, new occupationally exposed persons have been subjected to micronucleus testing, resulting in the need for re-evaluation of existing CBMN test values. The examined population comprised 608 occupationally exposed subjects - 201 from the previous laboratory database and 407 newly examined. Comparison of groups based on gender, age and cigarette consumption did not show significant differences, although certain CBMN values differed significantly between the old and new groups. Duration of occupational exposure, gender, age and smoking habit influenced micronuclei frequency in all three analyzed groups, while no relation was found between type of work and micronucleus test parameters. Since the mean values of all tested parameters in the new group of examinees are within previously established reference ranges, existing values can be used in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Deligradska 29, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - B Rakic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health "Dr Dragomir Karajovic", Deligradska 29, Belgrade, Serbia.
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20
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Ellwanger JH, Kulmann-Leal B, Ziliotto M, Chies JAB. HIV Infection, Chromosome Instability, and Micronucleus Formation. Viruses 2023; 15:155. [PMID: 36680195 PMCID: PMC9867034 DOI: 10.3390/v15010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity is critical for proper cell functioning, and chromosome instability can lead to age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Chromosome instability is caused by multiple factors, including replication stress, chromosome missegregation, exposure to pollutants, and viral infections. Although many studies have investigated the effects of environmental or lifestyle genotoxins on chromosomal integrity, information on the effects of viral infections on micronucleus formation and other chromosomal aberrations is still limited. Currently, HIV infection is considered a chronic disease treatable by antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, HIV-infected individuals still face important health problems, such as chronic inflammation and age-related diseases. In this context, this article reviews studies that have evaluated genomic instability using micronucleus assays in the context of HIV infection. In brief, HIV can induce chromosome instability directly through the interaction of HIV proteins with host DNA and indirectly through chronic inflammation or as a result of ART use. Connections between HIV infection, immunosenescence and age-related disease are discussed in this article. The monitoring of HIV-infected individuals should consider the increased risk of chromosome instability, and lifestyle interventions, such as reduced exposure to genotoxins and an antioxidant-rich diet, should be considered. Therapies to reduce chronic inflammation in HIV infection are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
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21
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Salinas-Solis LDJ, Gaytan-Oyarzun JC, Octavio-Aguilar P. Detection of Mitogenic and Genotoxic Effects of the Turkey Tail Medicinal Mushroom (Trametes versicolor, Agaricomycetes) Extracts from Mexico on Human Lymphocyte Cultures. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:33-41. [PMID: 37947062 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by a compromised immune system, characterized by decreased production and diversification of T lymphocytes, such as immunodeficiencies or chronic infections, are becoming increasingly prominent. These diseases lead to increased vulnerability to infections caused by parasites, viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. According to various articles, Trametes versicolor has been used as immunotherapy and cancer treatment due to its polysaccharides, which have shown their value in traditional medicine. However, most of the studies have been done with Asian samples. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of samples of Mexican T. versicolor on human lymphoid cells. Of various extracts, the one with the best T cell proliferative response was the extract produced by maceration in water at room temperature, but all treatments in aqueous and ethanolic extracts increased the lymphocyte count, showing that extracts of Mexican T. versicolor also have compounds that stimulate T cells. Unfortunately, genetic damage expressed as an increment in micronuclei count was identified, so using these fungus extracts in traditional medicine would require careful control of recommended doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letzi de Jesus Salinas-Solis
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Área Académica de Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Gaytan-Oyarzun
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Área Académica de Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Pablo Octavio-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Área Académica de Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mexico
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22
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Silva MAP, Figueiredo DBS, Lara JR, Paschoalinotte EE, Braz LG, Braz MG. Evaluation of genetic instability, oxidative stress, and metabolism-related gene polymorphisms in workers exposed to waste anesthetic gases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9609-9623. [PMID: 36057057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Professionals who work in operating rooms (ORs) may be exposed daily to waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) due to the use of inhalational anesthetics. Considering the controversial findings related to genetic damage and redox status in addition to a lack of knowledge about the effect of polymorphisms in genes related to phase I and II detoxification upon occupational exposure to WAGs, this cross-sectional study is the first to jointly evaluate biomarkers of genetic instability, oxidative stress, and susceptibility genes in professionals occupationally exposed to high trace amounts of halogenated (≥ 7 ppm) and nitrous oxide (165 ppm) anesthetics in ORs and in individuals not exposed to WAGs (control group). Elevated rates of buccal micronucleus (MN) and nuclear bud (NBUD) were observed in the exposure group and in professionals exposed aged more than 30 years. Exposed males showed a higher antioxidant capacity, as determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), than exposed females; exposed females had higher frequencies of MN and NBUD than nonexposed females. Genetic instability (MN) was observed in professionals with greater weekly WAG exposure, and those exposed for longer durations (years) exhibited oxidative stress (increased lipid peroxidation and decreased FRAP). Polymorphisms in metabolic genes (cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)) did not exert an effect, except for the effects of the GSTP1 (rs1695) AG/GG polymorphism on FRAP (both groups) and GSTP1 AG/GG and GSTT1 null polymorphisms, which were associated with greater FRAP values in exposed males. Minimizing WAG exposure is necessary to reduce impacts on healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane A P Silva
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Drielle B S Figueiredo
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Lara
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Eloisa E Paschoalinotte
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Braz
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil.
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23
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Kargar-Shouroki F, Halvani GH, Sharmandehmola FA. Effect of simultaneous exposure to inhalational anesthetics and radiation on the adaptive response in operating room personnel. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10128-10135. [PMID: 36070043 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Some operating room personnel, such as orthopedic surgeons, are exposed simultaneously to inhalational anesthetics (IAs) and radiation that both can cause DNA damage. Some studies have shown that low doses of radiation reduce DNA damage when the cells are followed by a higher dose of the same or related agent. This study, therefore, set out to compare DNA damage in the anesthesiologists, radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, and healthcare staff (non-exposed group). In this cross-sectional study, breathing zone concentrations of anesthetic gas nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured in the studied groups using standard method. Additionally, DNA damage was measured by micronucleus (MN) assay. The mean concentrations of N2O in the anesthesiologists and orthopedic surgeons were 450.27 ± 327.44 ppm and 313.64 ± 216.14 ppm, respectively. The mean annual exposure to X-rays radiation in radiologists and orthopedic surgeons was 15.65 ± 8.46 mSy/year and 3.56 ± 1.32 mSy/year, respectively. MN frequencies were significantly higher in anesthesiologists and radiologists exposed to IAs and X-rays radiation respectively than in the non-exposed healthcare staff. While, there were no statistically significant differences between MN frequencies of orthopedic surgeons exposed to both IAs and radiation and healthcare staff. These findings suggest that an earlier exposure of orthopedic surgeons to a small dose of ionizing radiation can increase their resistance to genotoxicity caused by high doses of N2O, a phenomenon that is called adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kargar-Shouroki
- Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Gholam Hossein Halvani
- Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alsadat Sharmandehmola
- Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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24
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Quintana-Sosa M, León-Mejía G, Narváez DM, Suarez-Arnedo A, Restrepo HGD, De Moya YS, Ruiz-Benitez M, Valencia KF, Trindade C, Miranda-Guevara A, Dias J, Henriques JAP, da Silva J. Association of buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMNCyt) biomarkers with inorganic element concentration and genetic polymorphisms in welders. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:104025. [PMID: 36460284 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Welding fumes are classified as carcinogenic to humans. The aim of the present study was to measure buccal micronucleus cytome assay biomarkers and to evaluate their association with inorganic elements and genetic polymorphisms (XRCC1, OGG1, XRCC3, GSTM1, and GSTT1) in welders (n = 98) and control individuals (n = 100). Higher levels of DNA damage and cell death were observed in the exposed group. Also, a significant correlation between the frequency of micronuclei and Na, Si, Cl, Ti, Cr, Zn and Mg concentrations. The formation of micronuclei, binucleated cells, cell death was associated with polymorphisms in repair pathways. The OGG1Ser326Cys and XRCC3 241Thr/Met genotypes were associated with cell death. Individuals with GSTM1 null genotype had a higher frequency of micronuclei. These results demonstrate that the deleterious effects of exposure to welding fumes are exacerbated by lifestyle habits, and genetic polymorphisms can influence DNA damage and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Quintana-Sosa
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Grethel León-Mejía
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Diana M Narváez
- Laboratorio de Genética Humana, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Yurina Sh De Moya
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Martha Ruiz-Benitez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Karen Franco Valencia
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Cristiano Trindade
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Alvaro Miranda-Guevara
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Johnny Dias
- Laboratório de Implantação Iônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) & Universidade La Salle (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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25
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Nakano S, Yamaji T, Katagiri R, Sawada N, Inoue M, Tsugane S, Iwasaki M. p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism, adiposity status, and cancer risk: Two case-cohorts within a Japanese prospective study. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:4385-4393. [PMID: 36083231 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein, p53, is a critical molecule involved in cancer development. However, the association between p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and cancer risk remains unclear, possibly due to the pro-tumor potential of p53 under metabolic stress. Here, we hypothesized that the p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism plays different roles during tumorigenesis by adiposity status. We measured baseline body mass index (BMI) and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism for two case-cohorts, which included 4264 cancers with up to 20 years of follow-up. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using weighted Cox proportional-hazards method. Without consideration of adiposity status, p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism was not associated with cancer risk. However, proline (Pro) homozygous genotype conferred an increased cancer risk for individuals with a BMI <25 kg/m2 (HR [95% CI]: 1.12 [1.00-1.26] for total cancer and 1.19 [1.02-1.38] for obesity-related cancer), but not for those with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 . The heterogeneous effect of p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism on cancer risk according to adiposity status was indicated (pheterogeneity : 0.07 for total cancer and 0.03 for obesity-related cancer). Furthermore, the association between overweight and cancer risk was only observed in arginine (Arg) carriers, but not in Pro homozygous carriers (pheterogeneity : 0.07 for total cancer and 0.02 for obesity-related cancer). Pro homozygous carriers were more likely to be predisposed to cancer than Arg carriers with normal-weight conditions. In addition, overweight was related to a higher cancer risk in Arg carriers than Pro homozygous carriers. Our findings may suggest the adiposity-dependent dual effects of p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Nakano
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Katagiri
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.,National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
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Bressiani PA, Alves GL, de Marco IG, Biffi MT, Ishikawa S, Manosso FC, Gomes EMV, Pokrywiecki TS, Schmitz APDO, Düsman E. Evaluation of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of inhabitants of Vila Rural Água Viva, Brazil, exposed to agrochemicals using the micronucleus buccal cytome assay. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:104002. [PMID: 36273709 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to carry out a pilot investigation, using a buccal micronucleus cytome assay, with the population of Vila Rural Água Viva (Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil), environmentally exposed to agrochemicals. The data shows statistically differences between the control group (not exposed) and the population of Vila Rural regarding the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. There was no significant change between the average relative frequencies of these data whether divided between smokers and non-smokers, or practitioners of physical activities or not. It was also observed that age or time of exposure to agrochemicals did not show a linear relationship with the average relative frequencies of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity data. The work shows the presence of 2,4-D herbicide in water sample of community, then it is hoped that the results will assist in guiding the dangers to health and the environment from exposure to agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Aline Bressiani
- Academic of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Geiciane Locatelli Alves
- Academic of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Inara Giacobbo de Marco
- Academic of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Tonello Biffi
- Academic of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina Ishikawa
- Academic of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Fernando César Manosso
- Academic Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Michel Vieira Gomes
- Academic Department of Physics, Statistics and Mathematics, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ticiane Sauer Pokrywiecki
- Academic Department of Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula de Oliveira Schmitz
- Academic Department of Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Elisângela Düsman
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
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27
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Tavella RA, Fernandes CLF, Schimith LE, Volcão LM, Dos Santos M, da Silva Júnior FMR. Factors associated with genetic damage - an analysis integrating human populations from Southern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:74335-74345. [PMID: 35635668 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Socioeconomic and demographic factors, lifestyle and cultural characteristics may play an important role in the development of genetic damage. This damage represents a potential health risk to an individual and increases the risk of developing negative outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a set of factors and genetic damage by gathering data from previously studied populations in southern Brazil. This study analyzed data related to genetic damage and socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle variables of 514 individuals aged 18 to 64 years, residing in 8 cities located in the extreme south of the Brazil. A total of twelve factors were considered in the analysis, and of these seven had some association with the frequency of micronucleus or some parameter of the comet assay. Interestingly, age was a factor weakly associated with genetic damage, while skin color, occupational exposure, drug use, exposure to radiation, and the cultural habit of consuming chimarrão were shown to be associated with genetic damage when analyzed using multivariate regression. Therefore, we suggest that yerba mate consumption is a confounding factor and should be considered in cytogenetic studies in the southern region of South America. These results reinforce the need for human biomonitoring studies to include consideration of a broad range of population and cultural characteristics when seeking to identify relevant associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Adler Tavella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos E Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Caroline Lopes Feijo Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos E Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Lucia Emanueli Schimith
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Martins Volcão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos E Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Marina Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos E Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos E Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil.
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Puizina Mladinic E, Puizina J, Gavic L, Tadin A. Clinical Prospective Assessment of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Fluoride Toothpaste and Mouthwash in Buccal Mucosal Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092206. [PMID: 36140304 PMCID: PMC9496030 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fluorides are an essential component of oral hygiene products used to prevent dental decay. Therefore, a question arises about the potential harms of joint use of fluoridated toothpaste and mouthwashes regarding the increased amount of fluoride in the oral mucosa. Methods: This prospective, double-blinded parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted using a buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt assay). Forty-one participants were randomly assigned to the two groups. All participants used the same kinds of toothpaste for 12 weeks, designed explicitly for this study (non-fluoride, 1050 ppm F, and 1450 ppm F each for 4 weeks). Simultaneously, during the 3 months of the research, one group used mouthwash with fluoride (450 ppm) and another without fluoride. The buccal mucosal sampling was taken before using the tested products and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of their use. Results: The frequency of micronuclei and the majority of other scored endpoints from the BMCyt assay showed no statistically significant differences within and between the studied groups. Comparing two groups, only statistically significant increases in the number of cells with nuclear buds (p = 0.048) and karyorrhexis (p = 0.020) at four weeks of usage were observed in the group that used mouthwash with fluoride. Conclusion: On the basis of the results, it can be concluded that simultaneous application of fluoridated toothpaste and fluoride mouthwash does not lead to cytogenetic damage in buccal mucosal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Puizina Mladinic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Lidia Gavic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Antonija Tadin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +385-21557624
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Galeano-Páez C, Ricardo-Caldera D, Jiménez-Vidal L, Peñata-Taborda A, Coneo-Pretelt A, Rumié-Mendoza M, Humanez Álvarez A, Salcedo-Arteaga S, Arteaga-Arroyo G, Pastor-Sierra K, Espitia-Pérez P, Avilés-Vergara PA, Tovar-Acero C, Soto-De León S, Brango H, Bru-Cordero OE, Jiménez-Narváez M, Stashenko EE, Gamboa-Delgado EM, Idrovo AJ, Espitia-Pérez L. Genetic Instability among Hitnü People Living in Colombian Crude-Oil Exploitation Areas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11189. [PMID: 36141477 PMCID: PMC9517229 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oil exploitation, drilling, transportation, and processing in refineries produces a complex mixture of chemical compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which may affect the health of populations living in the zone of influence of mining activities (PZOI). Thus, to better understand the effects of oil exploitation activities on cytogenetic endpoint frequency, we conducted a biomonitoring study in the Hitnü indigenous populations from eastern Colombia by using the cytokinesis micronucleus cytome assay (CBMN-cyt). PAH exposure was also measured by determine urine 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) using HPLC. We also evaluated the relationship between DNA damage and 1-OHP levels in the oil exploitation area, as well as the modulating effects of community health factors, such as Chagas infection; nutritional status; and consumption of traditional hallucinogens, tobacco, and wine from traditional palms. The frequencies of the CBMN-cyt assay parameters were comparable between PZOI and Hitnü populations outside the zone of influence of mining activities (POZOI); however, a non-significant incremental trend among individuals from the PZOI for most of the DNA damage parameters was also observed. In agreement with these observations, levels of 1-OHP were also identified as a risk factor for increased MN frequency (PR = 1.20) compared to POZOI (PR = 0.7). Proximity to oil exploitation areas also constituted a risk factor for elevated frequencies of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and APOP-type cell death. Our results suggest that genetic instability and its potential effects among Hitnü individuals from PZOI and POZOI could be modulated by the combination of multiple factors, including the levels of 1-OHP in urine, malnutrition, and some traditional consumption practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Galeano-Páez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédicas y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
| | - Dina Ricardo-Caldera
- Grupo de Investigación Enfermedades Tropicales y Resistencia Bacteriana, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
| | - Luisa Jiménez-Vidal
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédicas y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
| | - Ana Peñata-Taborda
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédicas y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
| | - Andrés Coneo-Pretelt
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédicas y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
| | - Margarita Rumié-Mendoza
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédicas y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
| | - Alicia Humanez Álvarez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédicas y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
| | - Shirley Salcedo-Arteaga
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédicas y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
| | - Gean Arteaga-Arroyo
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédicas y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
| | - Karina Pastor-Sierra
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédicas y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
| | - Pedro Espitia-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédicas y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
| | - Paula A. Avilés-Vergara
- Grupo de Investigación Enfermedades Tropicales y Resistencia Bacteriana, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
| | - Catalina Tovar-Acero
- Grupo de Investigación Enfermedades Tropicales y Resistencia Bacteriana, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
| | - Sara Soto-De León
- Grupo de Investigación Enfermedades Tropicales y Resistencia Bacteriana, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
| | - Hugo Brango
- Departamento de Matemáticas y Estadística, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | | | | | - Elena E. Stashenko
- Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680001, Colombia
| | - Edna M. Gamboa-Delgado
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680001, Colombia
| | - Alvaro J. Idrovo
- Public Health Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680001, Colombia
| | - Lyda Espitia-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédicas y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú E.B.Z., Montería 230001, Colombia
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Aziz M, Ejaz SA, Rehman HM, Alsubaie ASA, Mahmoud KH, Siddique F, Al-Buriahi MS, Alrowaili ZA. Identification of NEK7 inhibitors: structure based virtual screening, molecular docking, density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35983608 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
NEK7 is a NIMA related-protein kinase that plays a crucial role in spindle assembly and cell division. Dysregulation of NEK7 protein leads to development and progression of different types of malignancies including colon and breast cancers. Therefore, NEK7 could be considered as an attractive target for anti-cancer drug discovery. However, few efforts have been made for the development of selective inhibitors of NIMA-related kinase but still no FDA approved drug is known to selectively inhibit the NEK7 protein. Dacomitinib and Neratinib are two Enamide derivatives that were approved for treatment against non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer respectively. Drug repurposing is a time and cost-efficient method for re-evaluating the activities of previously authorized medications. Thus, the present research involves the repurposing of two FDA-approved medications via comprehensive in silico approach including Density functional theory (DFTs) studies which were conducted to determine the electronic properties of the Dacomitinib and Neratinib. Afterward, binding orientation of selected drugs inside NEK7 activation loop was evaluated through molecular docking approach. Selected drugs exhibited potential molecular interactions engaging important amino acid residues of active site. The docking score of Dacomitinib and Neratinib was -30.77 and -26.78 kJ/mol, respectively. The top ranked pose obtained from molecular docking was subjected to Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations for investigating the stability of protein-ligand complex. The RMSD pattern revealed the stability of protein-ligand complex throughout simulated trajectory. In conclusion, both drugs displayed inhibitory efficacy against NEK7 protein and provide a prospective therapy option for malignant malignancies linked with NEK7. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.,Alnoorians Group of Institutes, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A S A Alsubaie
- Department of Physics, College of Khurma University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - K H Mahmoud
- Department of Physics, College of Khurma University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan Siddique
- Department of Pharmacy, Royal Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Multan, Pakistan.,Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - M S Al-Buriahi
- Department of Physics, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Z A Alrowaili
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Ramadhani D, Purnami S, Tetriana D, Sugoro I, Suvifan VA, Rahadjeng N, Wanandi SI, Wibowo H, Kashiwakura I, Miura T, Syaifudin M. Chromosome aberrations, micronucleus frequency, and catalase concentration in a population chronically exposed to high levels of radon. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:1188-1203. [PMID: 35930491 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To deepen our knowledge on the effects of high levels of indoor radon exposure, we assessed the frequencies of unstable and stable chromosome aberrations and micronucleus (MN), as well as the concentration of an endogenous antioxidant (catalase, CAT), in blood samples of individuals chronically exposed to high indoor radon concentrations in Indonesia (Tande-Tande sub-village, Mamuju, West Sulawesi). Moreover, we also investigated the occurrence of a radio-adaptive response (RAR) in Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants using the G2 MN assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS The frequencies of dicentric (DC), acentric (AF), ring (R), and translocation (Tr) chromosomes in Tande-Tande inhabitants were compared to those in people living in a reference area with low levels of indoor radon levels (Topoyo village, Indonesia). The number of MN per 1000 binucleated cells (BNC) and CAT concentration per total protein was quantified and compared between groups. Lastly, we irradiated (2 Gy) phytohemagglutinin-stimulated samples in vitro and measured the frequency of MN to verify the occurrence of a RAR in Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The frequencies of DC, AF, and Tr did not differ between Tande-Tande inhabitants and control subjects (p = 0.350, 0.521, 0.597). The frequency of MN in Tande-Tande inhabitants was significantly lower than that in the control group (p = 0.006). Similarly, CAT concentration in Tande-Tande inhabitants was also significantly lower than that in the control population (p < 0.001). Significant negative correlations were identified for MN number and CAT concentration versus indoor radon concentration, annual effective dose, or cumulative dose both within groups and when all data were analyzed together. Our findings indicate that, despite the high indoor radon levels, Tande-Tande inhabitants are not under oxidative stress, since this group had lower CAT concentration and MN frequency than those in the control group. The negative correlation between MN frequency and indoor radon concentration, annual effective dose, and cumulative dose suggests the occurrence of an RAR phenomenon in Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants. This interpretation is also supported by the results of the G2 MN assay, which revealed lower MN frequencies after in vitro irradiation of samples from Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants than those in samples from the control group (p = 0.0069, for cumulative MN frequency; p = 0.0146, for radiation-induced MN only).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Ramadhani
- Doctoral Program for Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sofiati Purnami
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Devita Tetriana
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irawan Sugoro
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Viria Agesti Suvifan
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nastiti Rahadjeng
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Septelia Inawati Wanandi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heri Wibowo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ikuo Kashiwakura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mukh Syaifudin
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
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González-Sánchez M, García-Martínez V, Bravo S, Kobayashi H, Martínez de Toda I, González-Bermúdez B, Plaza GR, De la Fuente M. Mitochondrial DNA insertions into nuclear DNA affecting chromosome segregation: Insights for a novel mechanism of immunosenescence in mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 207:111722. [PMID: 35961414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA sequences were found inserted in the nuclear genome of mouse peritoneal T lymphocytes that increased progressively with aging. These insertions were preferentially located at the pericentromeric heterochromatin. In the same individuals, binucleated T-cells with micronuclei showed a significantly increased frequency associated with age. Most of them were positive for centromere sequences, reflecting the loss of chromatids or whole chromosomes. The proliferative capacity of T lymphocytes decreased with age as well as the glutathione reductase activity, whereas the oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde concentrations exhibited a significant increase. These results may point to a common process that provides insights for a new approach to understanding immunosenescence. We propose a novel mechanism in which mitochondrial fragments, originated by the increased oxidative stress status during aging, accumulate inside the nuclear genome of T lymphocytes in a time-dependent way. The primary entrance of mitochondrial fragments at the pericentromeric regions may compromise chromosome segregation, causing genetic loss that leads to micronuclei formation, rendering aneuploid cells with reduced proliferation capacity, one of the hallmark of immunosenescence. Future experiments deciphering the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica González-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor García-Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bravo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hikaru Kobayashi
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca González-Bermúdez
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; Department of Materials Science, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo R Plaza
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; Department of Materials Science, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Nagaraju R, Kalahasthi R, Balachandar R, Bagepally BS. Association between lead exposure and DNA damage (genotoxicity): systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2899-2911. [PMID: 35930012 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that chronic lead (Pb) exposure may induce deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. However, there is no synthesised evidence in this regard. We systematically reviewed existing literature and synthesised evidence on the association between chronic Pb exposure and markers of genotoxicity. Observational studies reporting biomarkers of DNA damage among occupationally Pb-exposed and unexposed controls were systematically searched from PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases from inception to January 2022. The markers included were micronucleus frequency (MN), chromosomal aberrations, comet assay, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine. During the execution of this review, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Mean differences in the biological markers of DNA damage between Pb-exposed and control groups were pooled using the random-effects model. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran-Q test and I2 statistic. The review included forty-five studies comparing markers of DNA damage between Pb-exposed and unexposed. The primary studies utilised buccal and/or peripheral leukocytes for evaluating the DNA damage. The pooled quantitative results revealed significantly higher DNA damage characterised by increased levels of MN and SCE frequency, chromosomal aberrations, and oxidative DNA damage (comet assay and 8-OHdG) among Pb-exposed than the unexposed. However, studies included in the review exhibited high levels of heterogeneity among the studies. Chronic Pb exposure is associated with DNA damage. However, high-quality, multicentred studies are required to strengthen present observations and further understand the Pb's role in inducing DNA damage. CRD42022286810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Nagaraju
- Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravibabu Kalahasthi
- Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakesh Balachandar
- Division of Health Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Arbo MD, Garcia SC, Sarpa M, Da Silva Junior FM, Nascimento SN, Garcia ALH, Da Silva J. Brazilian workers occupationally exposed to different toxic agents: A systematic review on DNA damage. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 879-880:503519. [PMID: 35914865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of genotoxicity in workers exposed to different toxic agents is very important, especially considering the association between these exposures in a chronic context and DNA damage. Assessing biomarkers of exposure and, when possible, early biomarkers of effect, contributes to elucidating the potential toxic mechanisms involved in genotoxicity and its contribution to chronic non-communicable diseases. In Brazil, the biggest country in South America, workers are exposed to hazardous physical and chemical agents. Considering that these exposures occur, in most cases, throughout the worker's whole life, this is an important public health concern in Brazil. Therefore, this systematic review aims to analyze occupational exposure to chemical and physical agents and the association with DNA damage in studies carried out in Brazil from 1980 to 2021. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was performed in different databases based on occupational exposure to chemical and physical agents and DNA damage. Only full articles on studies that investigated experimental evidence on occupational exposure in Brazil and assessed DNA damage were included, amounting to 89 articles. Five main occupational exposure groups were identified: pesticides (36%), organic solvents (20%), dust and particles (16%), metals (11%), and ionizing radiation (6%). Another group called "others" included studies (11%) that did not fall into these main groups. It was found that comet assay and micronucleus tests are the most adopted methods to detect DNA damage. Occupational exposures were most associated with DNA damage. However, further improvements in study design would be needed to better characterize the association between biomonitoring and DNA damage, particularly to account for confounding factors.
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Miguel Alfonso RA, Yael Yvette BH, Irma Martha MD, Cyndia Azucena GA, Briscia Socorro BV, José Francisco HM, Monserrat S, Aurora Elizabeth RG. Genotoxic effects of the ochratoxin A (OTA), its main metabolite (OTα) per se and in combination with fumonisin B1 in HepG2 cells and human lymphocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 878:503482. [PMID: 35649676 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are mycotoxins distributed in a wide variety of foods for human or animal consumption and are classified as possible carcinogens for humans. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, cytostatic and genotoxic effects of OTA and its main metabolite, ochratoxin α (OTα), FB1 and three combinations of OTA and FB1 at moderate and environmental doses. Cell viability was evaluated through MTT assay and the trypan blue exclusion method. The cytostatic and genotoxic effects were evaluated through the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. The results showed synergistic time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects of one of the combinations of OTA and FB1. In contrast, significant differences were observed in the micronuclei (MN) frequency from OTA, OTα and coexposure of OTA + FB1. Some of these combinations increased the frequency of nuclear buds, nucleoplasmic bridges, donut-shaped nuclei, necrotic and apoptotic cells and MN in mononucleated cells. In conclusion, OTA and its main metabolite OTα, as well as the co-exposure of OTA and FB1, cause stable DNA damage at environmentally relevant concentrations, which was greater in metabolically competent cells. More studies are needed to understand the chemical interactions that occur due to the joint presence of mycotoxins, which occurs commonly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruíz-Arias Miguel Alfonso
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155. Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P, 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Bernal-Hernández Yael Yvette
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155. Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P, 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Medina-Díaz Irma Martha
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155. Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P, 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - González-Arias Cyndia Azucena
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155. Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P, 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Barrón-Vivanco Briscia Socorro
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155. Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P, 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Herrera-Moreno José Francisco
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Sordo Monserrat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, P.O. Box 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Rojas-García Aurora Elizabeth
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental. Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155. Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P, 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
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Herate C, Brochard P, De Vathaire F, Ricoul M, Martins B, Laurier L, Deverre JR, Thirion B, Hertz-Pannier L, Sabatier L. The effects of repeated brain MRI on chromosomal damage. Eur Radiol Exp 2022; 6:12. [PMID: 35237875 PMCID: PMC8891399 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-022-00264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently considered a safe imaging technique because, unlike computed tomography, MRI does not expose patients to ionising radiation. However, conflicting literature reports possible genotoxic effects of MRI. We herein examine the chromosomal effects of repeated MRI scans by performing a longitudinal follow-up of chromosomal integrity in volunteers. METHODS This ethically approved study was performed on 13 healthy volunteers (mean age 33 years) exposed to up to 26 3-T MRI sessions. The characterisation of chromosome damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed using the gold-standard biodosimetry technique augmented with telomere and centromere staining. RESULTS Cytogenetic analysis showed no detectable effect after a single MRI scan. However, repeated MRI sessions (from 10 to 20 scans) were associated with a small but significant increase in chromosomal breaks with the accumulation of cells with chromosomal terminal deletions with a coefficient of 9.5% (95% confidence interval 6.5-12.5%) per MRI (p < 0.001). Additional exposure did not result in any further increase. This plateauing of damage suggests lymphocyte turnover. Additionally, there was no significant induction of dicentric chromosomes, in contrast to what is observed following exposure to ionising radiation. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that MRI can affect chromosomal integrity. However, the amount of damage per cell might be so low that no chromosomal rearrangement by fusion of two deoxyribonucleic breaks is induced, unlike that seen after exposure to computed tomography. This study confirms that MRI is a safe imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Herate
- PROCyTox, DRF, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris-Saclay University, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Patricia Brochard
- PROCyTox, DRF, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris-Saclay University, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Florent De Vathaire
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM U1018, Radiation Epidemiology Teams, Villejuif, France.,Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Michelle Ricoul
- PROCyTox, DRF, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris-Saclay University, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Bernadette Martins
- CEA/DRF/IJ/Neurospin/UNIACT, and UMR1141, Inserm, Paris University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurence Laurier
- CEA/DRF/IJ/Neurospin/UNIACT, and UMR1141, Inserm, Paris University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Robert Deverre
- CEA/DRF/IJ/Neurospin/UNIACT, and UMR1141, Inserm, Paris University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bertrand Thirion
- CEA/DRF/IJ/Neurospin/UNIACT, and UMR1141, Inserm, Paris University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucie Hertz-Pannier
- CEA/DRF/IJ/Neurospin/UNIACT, and UMR1141, Inserm, Paris University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laure Sabatier
- PROCyTox, DRF, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris-Saclay University, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. .,CEA/DRF/DIREI Research Infrastructures Europe and International Fundamental Research Division, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris-Saclay University, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
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Genoprotection and metabolic benefits of marine macroalgae - Insights into the concept of functional foods through direct and indirect consumption. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Xu M, Chen Z, Lin B, Zhang S, Qu J. A seven-lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis in breast carcinoma. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:4033-4046. [PMID: 35116701 PMCID: PMC8797290 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important part in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis and can serve as a potential biosignature for cancer prognosis. However, the use of lncRNA signatures to predict survival in breast carcinoma is yet unreported. Methods The lncRNA expression profiles and homologous clinical data of 913 breast carcinoma samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), were analyzed to obtain 2,547 differentially expressed lncRNAs. Univariate Cox proportional risk regression was applied to both the training and testing datasets to screen the common prognostic lncRNAs. Potential prognostic LncRNAs were screened by multivariate Cox proportional risk regression in the training data set of the selected LncRNAs. Results Seven lncRNAs (LINC02037, MAPT-AS1, RP1-37C10.3, RP11-344E13.4, RP11-454P21.1, RP11-616M22.1, SPACA6P-AS) were prominently associated with overall survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated that these indicators were sensitive and specific for survival prediction. The areas under the ROC curve of the seven-lncRNA signature in predicting 3- and 5-year survival rates were 0.771 and 0.780 respectively in the combined cohort. Furthermore, enrichment analysis revealed that these seven lncRNAs might participate multiple pathways related to tumorigenesis and prognosis. Conclusions The proposed seven-lncRNA signature could serve as a latent prognostic biomarker for survival prediction in patients with breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bangyi Lin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinmiao Qu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Bagordo F, Panico A, Zizza A, Serio F, Idolo A, Tumolo MR, Guido M, Gambino I, Grassi T. Buccal micronucleus cytome assay in children living in an area with low anthropogenic pressure: The EFFE.BI.P. study. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 873:503424. [PMID: 35094808 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the micronucleus (MN) frequency in exfoliated buccal cells (EBCs) of 256 6-8-years-old schoolchildren living in a rural area of Salento peninsula (Southern Italy) with low anthropogenic pressure and with a normal rate of chronic diseases in order to determine the basal level of MN and identify which factors are able to influence it. Information about the personal data, lifestyles and dietary habits of the children were obtained by the administration of a questionnaire to their parents. The buccal micronucleus cytome assay was performed to evaluate the presence of early genotoxic effects among the children. In addition, the level of environmental exposure was assessed by sampling atmospheric particulate fractions near the schools attended by participants. The association between MN frequency and individual or environmental factors was also assessed. The children had a mean MN frequency of 0.27 ± 0.43‰ (95%CI = 0.22-0.33). This frequency was positively associated with vehicular traffic (OR = 2.99; 95%CI = 1.15-7.74) and negatively associated with a high educational level of the mother (OR = 0.41; 95%CI = 0.18-0.95) and physical exercise (OR = 0.56; 95%CI = 0.32-0.57). Data on genotoxic effects in buccal cells found in this study could be considered as the MN level in a pediatric population not exposed to environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Panico
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Antonella Zizza
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Francesca Serio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Adele Idolo
- Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority (ASL LE), 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Tumolo
- Institute for Research on Population & Social Policies, National Research Council, Research Unit of Brindisi, c/o ex Osp. Di Summa, Piazza Di Summa, 72100, Brindisi, Italy.
| | - Marcello Guido
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Isabella Gambino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Fenech M, Stopper H, da Silva J, Bolognesi C, Mišík M, Knasmueller S. Recommendations and quality criteria for micronucleus studies with humans. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108410. [PMID: 35690413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) analyses in peripheral blood lymphocytes and exfoliated cells from different organs (mouth, nose, bladder and cervix) are at present the most widely used approaches to detect damage of genetic material in humans. MN are extranuclear DNA-containing bodies, which can be identified microscopically. They reflect structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations and are formed as a consequence of exposure to occupational, environmental and lifestyle genotoxins. They are also induced as a consequence of inadequate intake of certain trace elements and vitamins. High MN rates are associated with increased risk of cancer and a range of non-cancer diseases in humans. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that measurements of MN could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of different forms of cancer and other diseases (inflammation, infections, metabolic disorders) and for the assessment of the therapeutic success of medical treatments. Recent reviews of the current state of knowledge suggest that many clinical studies have methodological shortcomings. This could lead to controversial findings and limits their usefulness in defining the impact of exposure concentrations of hazardous chemicals, for the judgment of remediation strategies, for the diagnosis of diseases and for the identification of protective or harmful dietary constituents. This article describes important quality criteria for human MN studies and contains recommendations for acceptable study designs. Important parameters that need more attention include sufficiently large group sizes, adequate duration of intervention studies, the exclusion of confounding factors which may affect the results (sex, age, body mass index, nutrition, etc.), the evaluation of appropriate cell numbers per sample according to established scoring criteria as well as the use of proper stains and adequate statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, Australia
| | - H Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) & LaSalle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - C Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Fabian-Morales E, Fernández-Cáceres C, Gudiño A, Andonegui Elguera MA, Torres-Arciga K, Escobar Arrazola MA, Tolentino García L, Alfaro Mora YE, Oliva-Rico DA, Cáceres Gutiérrez RE, Domínguez Ortíz J, Castro Hernández C, Herrera Montalvo LA, Díaz-Negrete DB, Reynoso-Noverón N. Genotoxicity of Marijuana in Mono-Users. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:753562. [PMID: 34938210 PMCID: PMC8685240 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.753562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marijuana (Cannabis sp.) is among the most recurred controlled substances in the world, and there is a growing tendency to legalize its possession and use; however, the genotoxic effects of marijuana remain under debate. A clear definition of marijuana's genotoxic effects remains obscure by the simultaneous consumption of tobacco and other recreational substances. In order to assess the genotoxic effects of marijuana and to prevent the bias caused by the use of substances other than cannabis, we recruited marijuana users that were sub-divided into three categories: (1) users of marijuana-only (M), (2) users of marijuana and tobacco (M+T), and (3) users of marijuana plus other recreative substances or illicit drugs (M+O), all the groups were compared against a non-user control group. We quantified DNA damage by detection of γH2AX levels and quantification of micronuclei (MN), one of the best-established methods for measuring chromosomal DNA damage. We found increased levels of γH2AX in peripheral blood lymphocytes from the M and M+T groups, and increased levels of MNs in cultures from M+T group. Our results suggest a DNA damage increment for M and M+T groups but the extent of chromosomal damage (revealed here by the presence of MNs and NBuds) might be related to the compounds found in tobacco. We also observed an elevated nuclear division index in all marijuana users in comparison to the control group suggesting a cytostatic dysregulation caused by cannabis use. Our study is the first in Mexico to assess the genotoxicity of marijuana in mono-users and in combination with other illicit drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Fabian-Morales
- Unidad de Aplicaciones Avanzadas en Microscopía (ADMiRA), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Adriana Gudiño
- Unidad de Aplicaciones Avanzadas en Microscopía (ADMiRA), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marco A. Andonegui Elguera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karla Torres-Arciga
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marco Armando Escobar Arrazola
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura Tolentino García
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yair E. Alfaro Mora
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diego A. Oliva-Rico
- Unidad de Aplicaciones Avanzadas en Microscopía (ADMiRA), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rodrigo E. Cáceres Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julieta Domínguez Ortíz
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Clementina Castro Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis A. Herrera Montalvo
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Nancy Reynoso-Noverón
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
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Souza MRD, Hilário Garcia AL, Dalberto D, Martins G, Picinini J, Souza GMSD, Chytry P, Dias JF, Bobermin LD, Quincozes-Santos A, da Silva J. Environmental exposure to mineral coal and by-products: Influence on human health and genomic instability. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117346. [PMID: 34020260 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to pollution generated by mining and burning coal is inevitable for people living nearby. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of coal dust on health conditions and genomic instability of individuals who live near coal mines and thermoelectric power plants, and to relate the results to inorganic elements and inflammatory responses. Thus, we evaluated 284 individuals from four cities in the south of Brazil around a region with coal mines and a thermoelectric power plant (one city was considered a negative control). The results of the Comet assay and Micronucleus (MN) test did not show a genotoxic or mutagenic effect related to environmental exposure to coal, but the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was increased in all cities around the power plant when compared to the control conditions. Higher levels of MN were associated with body mass index and cardiovascular risk, and higher levels of Damage Index (DI), TNF-α and interleukin1β (IL-1β) with number of cigarettes/day. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to integrate DNA damage and inflammatory results with inorganic elements. This study also demonstrated the relationship between zinc and MN, copper, and interleukin10 (IL-10), and among silicon and sulfur with DI and nucleoplasmic bridge. A relationship was also observed between the reduction of inorganic elements and both aging and quality of health. The use of different methodologies and the relationship between the results obtained in these studies, including different lifestyles, can increase the understanding of the interaction between this mineral and the health status of residents of regions affected by coal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ana Letícia Hilário Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Dalberto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Martins
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Picinini
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Paola Chytry
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Postgraduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Avenida Farroupilha, 8001 Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Da Correggio KS, Silveira SK, May Feuerschuette OH, Maraslis FT, Pinheiro K, Machado MJ, Maluf SW, Casimiro Onofre AS. DNA damage analysis in newborns and their mothers related to pregnancy and delivery characteristics. Placenta 2021; 115:139-145. [PMID: 34624566 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased DNA damage is associated with early events in carcinogenesis. The foetus may be more susceptible to effects of environment by transplacental exposure. We aimed to evaluate DNA damage in cells from umbilical cord (arteries and vein) and maternal blood from pregnant women. METHODS Fifty eight pregnant women and their offspring were included in this study. They were submitted to an interview to obtain information about personal history, clinical history, and lifestyle habits. Other Information was obtained from medical records. The samples were prepared for Single Cell Gel/Comet assay and Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus Cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay. RESULTS Correlation between DNA damage frequency by Comet assay from newborns and their mothers was statistically significant and was significantly associated with nulliparity and more than 1 h of second stage of labour (umbilical vein and maternal blood). A positive MNi relationship was noticed for age (mother's blood) and inappropriate birth weight for gestational age (maternal blood). When multivariate statistical analyses were applied to measure the degree of association between variables that influenced DNA damage markers in the first evaluation, inadequate birth weight and pregnant weight gain were associated with MNi frequency in maternal and newborns blood, respectively. DISCUSSION Significant associations between DNA damage in newborns and pregnant women, and birth and pregnancy events suggest molecular evidence of transplacental genotoxic effects. However, a potentially increased risk of degenerative diseases, such as cancers, in this population should be carefully investigated by further prospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Souza Da Correggio
- Division of Tocogynecology, University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sheila Koettker Silveira
- Division of Tocogynecology, University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Otto Henrique May Feuerschuette
- Division of Tocogynecology, University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Flora Troina Maraslis
- Citogenetics and Genomic Stability Laboratory, University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Kamylla Pinheiro
- Citogenetics and Genomic Stability Laboratory, University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Machado
- Clinical Analysis Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sharbel Weidner Maluf
- Citogenetics and Genomic Stability Laboratory, University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
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44
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Ng CY, Amini F, Ahmad Bustami N, Tan ESS, Tan PY, Mitra SR. Association of DNA damage with vitamin D and hair heavy metals of obese women. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Ngo LP, Kaushal S, Chaim IA, Mazzucato P, Ricciardi C, Samson LD, Nagel ZD, Engelward BP. CometChip analysis of human primary lymphocytes enables quantification of inter-individual differences in the kinetics of repair of oxidative DNA damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:89-99. [PMID: 34324980 PMCID: PMC8477454 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although DNA repair is known to impact susceptibility to cancer and other diseases, relatively few population studies have been performed to evaluate DNA repair kinetics in people due to the difficulty of assessing DNA repair in a high-throughput manner. Here we use the CometChip, a high-throughput comet assay, to explore inter-individual variation in repair of oxidative damage to DNA, a known risk factor for aging, cancer and other diseases. DNA repair capacity after H2O2-induced DNA oxidation damage was quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). For 10 individuals, blood was drawn at several times over the course of 4-6 weeks. In addition, blood was drawn once from each of 56 individuals. DNA damage levels were quantified prior to exposure to H2O2 and at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120-min post exposure. We found that there is significant variability in DNA repair efficiency among individuals. When subdivided into quartiles by DNA repair efficiency, we found that the average t1/2 is 81 min for the slowest group and 24 min for the fastest group. This work shows that the CometChip can be used to uncover significant differences in repair kinetics among people, pointing to its utility in future epidemiological and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le P Ngo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Simran Kaushal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Isaac A Chaim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Patrizia Mazzucato
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Catherine Ricciardi
- MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MIT Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Zachary D Nagel
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Bevin P Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; MIT Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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46
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Goh VST, Takebayashi K, Nakayama R, Fujishima Y, Yoshida MA, Kasai K, Ariyoshi K, Miura T. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay performed in 0 and 2 Gy irradiated whole blood and isolated PBMCs in a six-well transwell co-culture system. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1631-1640. [PMID: 34554021 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1981555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in cytogenetic biodosimetry uses micronucleus (MN) frequency scored in binucleated cells (BNC) for dose estimation. Cell-cycle progression parameters of nuclear division index (NDI) and percentage of BNC (% BNC) are also evaluated. Whole blood (WB) or peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from WB can be used for lymphocyte culture. Previously, 2 Gy PBMCs showed higher NDI and lower MN frequency than WB in 15 ml polypropylene tube single cultures. In this follow-up study, we wanted to assess if soluble factors present in WB but absent in PBMCs could increase MN frequency or decrease NDI in PBMCs co-cultured with WB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood from four healthy donors (two males: 25, 51; two females: 23, 26 years old) was irradiated with X-ray at 1 Gy/min. CBMN assay was performed with different combinations of 0 and 2 Gy WB and PBMC (WB, WB-IR, PBMC, PBMC-IR) mono- and co-cultures in a polystyrene six-well plate. Co-cultures were separated by 0.4 µm transwell inserts. Log2 fold changes and values of NDI, % BNC and MN frequency analyzed by three scorers were obtained. RESULTS As upper and lower wells of the same culture condition showed some significant differences, wells of the same level were compared. NDI of PBMCs increased when PBMC or PBMC-IR was co-cultured with WB or WB-IR, respectively, as compared to mono-cultures. There was no increase in PBMC-IR's MN frequency when co-cultured with WB or WB-IR. MN frequency was consistently higher in WB-IR than PBMC-IR in both mono- and co-cultures. NDI, % BNC and MN frequency were similar when WB or PBMC were co-cultured with PBMC-IR or WB-IR, respectively. Significantly lower NDI and % BNC, and higher MN frequency were also seen in some conditions of 15 ml cultures than six-well mono-cultures. CONCLUSIONS Instead of the hypothesized decrease in NDI and increase in MN frequency, our co-culture set-up showed that in the absence of direct cell-cell interaction, soluble factors in WB increased NDI but not MN frequency in PBMCs. Moreover, radiation-induced bystander effects could not be observed. As the type of cell culture (WB, PBMC) and culture vessels could influence NDI and MN frequency, CBMN culture protocols should be kept consistent for dose-response calibration curve construction and dose estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Swee Ting Goh
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative (SNRSI), Singapore
| | - Kai Takebayashi
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine (IREM), Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakayama
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine (IREM), Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yohei Fujishima
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine (IREM), Hirosaki, Japan
| | | | - Kosuke Kasai
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ariyoshi
- Center for Integrated Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine (IREM), Hirosaki, Japan
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Hülber T, Kocsis ZS, Németh J, Kis E, d'Errico F, Sáfrány G, Pesznyák C. Influence of sample preparation optimization on the accuracy of dose assessment of an automatic non-fluorescent MN scoring system. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1470-1484. [PMID: 34346832 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1962573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Automatizing the scoring of the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay spares a lot of valuable time. The dose-effect relationship can be applied reliably for dose estimation if the quality of the slides is the same from the perspective of the used image processing algorithm. This aspect brings in additional requirements against the quality of the slides compared to the conventional visual scoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS An add-in software was created to the non-fluorescent RS-MN automatic MN scoring system which is capable of measuring quantitatively the degree of typical anomalies. The image processing is less reliable when the presence of these anomalies is more frequent. The behavior of the designed sample quality parameters (SQPs) was tested on in vitro irradiated peripheral blood samples (0, 1, and 2 Gy) obtained from a healthy donor and also on samples from patients undergoing low dose-rate brachytherapy. RESULTS We examined 20 different SQPs and identified two that are independent and correlate significantly with the error of the fully automatic MN frequency. One is related to the size of the cells and the other reflects the homogeneity of the environment. An equation was established which presents a connection between the error of the auto MN frequency and the SQPs. By adding a fourth cleaning step to the conventional sample preparation and changing the pre-dripping temperature of the slide, the SQP can be modified, and consequently, the sample quality can be improved. The gain in accuracy is 54 ± 10 MN per 1000 binucleated cells, which corresponds to the effects of 0.5 Gy. Around the lowest limit of detection (<0.5 Gy), it means a 50-100% drop in the error of dose, which is significant. With sample quality harmonization, the positive predictive value was raised to 80-93% depending on the dose. CONCLUSIONS With the technique described in this paper, the suitability for automated scoring of a micronucleus slide can be tested quantitatively and objectively. A method is presented with which in some cases the uncertainty of the assessed doses due to variance in sample quality can be decreased or if it is not possible its bias can be predicted. The proposed protocol leads to more reliable estimation of dose. The SQPs are designed in a way that they have the potential to be adapted to similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Hülber
- Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.,Radosys Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa S Kocsis
- Department of Radiobiology and Diagnostic Onco-Cytogenetics, Centre of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Enikõ Kis
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Francesco d'Errico
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Pesznyák
- Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.,Centre of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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48
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Mrdjanović J, Šolajić S, Srđenović-Čonić B, Bogdanović V, Dea KJ, Kladar N, Jurišić V. The Oxidative Stress Parameters as Useful Tools in Evaluating the DNA Damage and Changes in the Complete Blood Count in Hospital Workers Exposed to Low Doses of Antineoplastic Drugs and Ionizing Radiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168445. [PMID: 34444191 PMCID: PMC8394042 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hospital workers at the Oncology Department are occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs (ANTNP) or low doses of ionizing radiation (Irrad). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the level of DNA damage, the oxidative stress parameters and complete blood count (CBC) of hospital workers in order to analyze the negative health effects of ANTNP and low dose Irrad. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) and proliferation index (PI) were analyzed by cytokinesis-block test. The oxidative stress biomarkers evaluated were the level of lipid peroxidation in plasma and catalase activity (CAT) in erythrocytes. A group of 86 hospital workers (35 exposed to ANTPN and 51 to Irrad) had increased MN frequency, CAT activity and level of lipid peroxidation compared to the control group, which consisted of 24 volunteers. The hemoglobin level was lower in the ANTNP group compared to thecontrol group, while a significant difference in RBC was recorded between thecontrol and Irrad groups, and in platelet count betweentheIrrad and ANTNP group. The results showed increased DNA damage, oxidative stress parameters, as well as impairment on complete blood count in hospital workers occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs and low-dose ionizing radiation. As this research has shown the importance of oxidative stress, we suggest that in addition to routine methods in periodic medical evaluation, the possibility of applying oxidative stress parameters is considered. Moreover, hospital workers exposed to ANTNP and Irrad in the workplace should undergo not only a more complete health prevention procedure but also have a more appropriate health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Mrdjanović
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (J.M.); (S.Š.); (V.B.)
| | - Slavica Šolajić
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (J.M.); (S.Š.); (V.B.)
| | - Branislava Srđenović-Čonić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.S.-Č.); (N.K.)
| | - Višnja Bogdanović
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (J.M.); (S.Š.); (V.B.)
| | - Karaba-Jakovljević Dea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Nebojša Kladar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.S.-Č.); (N.K.)
| | - Vladimir Jurišić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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Rafferty K, Archer KJ, Turner K, Brown R, Jackson-Cook C. Trisomy 21-associated increases in chromosomal instability are unmasked by comparing isogenic trisomic/disomic leukocytes from people with mosaic Down syndrome. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254806. [PMID: 34283872 PMCID: PMC8291705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome, which results from a trisomic imbalance for chromosome 21, has been associated with 80+ phenotypic traits. However, the cellular changes that arise in somatic cells due to this aneuploid condition are not fully understood. The primary aim of this study was to determine if germline trisomy 21 is associated with an increase in spontaneous somatic cell chromosomal instability frequencies (SCINF). To achieve this aim, we quantified SCINF in people with mosaic Down syndrome using a cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay. By comparing values in their isogenic trisomic/disomic cells, we obtained a measure of differences in SCINF that are directly attributable to a trisomy 21 imbalance, since differential effects attributable to "background" genetic factors and environmental exposures could be eliminated. A cross-sectional assessment of 69 people with mosaic Down syndrome (ages 1 to 44; mean age of 12.84 years) showed a significantly higher frequency of micronuclei in their trisomic (0.37 ± 0.35 [mean ± standard deviation]) compared to disomic cells (0.18 ± 0.11)(P <0.0001). The daughter binucleates also showed significantly higher levels of abnormal patterns in the trisomic (1.68 ± 1.21) compared to disomic (0.35 ± 0.45) cells (P <0.0001). Moreover, a significant Age x Cell Type interaction was noted (P = 0.0113), indicating the relationship between age and SCINF differed between the trisomic and disomic cells. Similarly, a longitudinal assessment (mean time interval of 3.9 years; range of 2 to 6 years) of 18 participants showed a mean 1.63-fold increase in SCINF within individuals over time for their trisomic cells (P = 0.0186), compared to a 1.13-fold change in their disomic cells (P = 0.0464). In summary, these results showed a trisomy 21-associated, age-related increase in SCINF. They also underscore the strength of the isogenic mosaic Down syndrome model system for "unmasking" cellular changes arising from a trisomy 21 imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Rafferty
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kellie J. Archer
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kristi Turner
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ruth Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Colleen Jackson-Cook
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Kirsch-Volders M, Fenech M. Inflammatory cytokine storms severity may be fueled by interactions of micronuclei and RNA viruses such as COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2. A hypothesis. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108395. [PMID: 34893160 PMCID: PMC8479308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review we bring together evidence that (i) RNA viruses are a cause of chromosomal instability and micronuclei (MN), (ii) those individuals with high levels of lymphocyte MN have a weakened immune response and are more susceptible to RNA virus infection and (iii) both RNA virus infection and MN formation can induce inflammatory cytokine production. Based on these observations we propose a hypothesis that those who harbor elevated frequencies of MN within their cells are more prone to RNA virus infection and are more likely, through combined effects of leakage of self-DNA from MN and RNA from viruses, to escalate pro-inflammatory cytokine production via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and the Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) mechanisms to an extent that is unresolvable and therefore confers high risk of causing tissue damage by an excessive and overtly toxic immune response. The corollaries from this hypothesis are (i) those with abnormally high MN frequency are more prone to infection by RNA viruses; (ii) the extent of cytokine production and pro-inflammatory response to infection by RNA viruses is enhanced and possibly exceeds threshold levels that may be unresolvable in those with elevated MN levels in affected organs; (iii) reduction of MN frequency by improving nutrition and life-style factors increases resistance to RNA virus infection and moderates inflammatory cytokine production to a level that is immunologically efficacious and survivable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Kirsch-Volders
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Department Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Michael Fenech
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, 5048, Australia; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA, 5000, Australia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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