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Matković K, Gerić M, Kazensky L, Milić M, Kašuba V, Cvitković A, Sanković M, Šumanovac A, Møller P, Gajski G. Comparison of DNA damage in fresh and frozen blood samples: implications for the comet assay in human biomonitoring studies. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:3467-3476. [PMID: 39004639 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The use of the comet assay in large biomonitoring studies may present logistical and technical challenges because of the processing of numerous samples. Proper sample preservation becomes imperative to prevent spurious DNA breakage. Previous research has shown the feasibility of conducting the comet assay on frozen blood samples, highlighting the potential of freezing at - 80 °C in preserving DNA integrity. Nonetheless, this approach presents challenges, including potential DNA damage during freezing and thawing, variability in processing, and the need for standardized protocols. Our objective was to evaluate whether there are comparable results in DNA migration assessed by the comet assay between fresh and frozen blood samples on a larger scale (N = 373). In our findings, elevated DNA migration was evident in frozen samples relative to fresh ones. Additionally, smoking, alcohol consumption, and season were linked to increased DNA damage levels in whole blood cells. Based on our results and available literature, conducting the comet assay on frozen blood samples emerges as a practical and efficient approach for biomonitoring and epidemiological research. This method enables the assessment of DNA damage in large populations over time, with samples, if properly cryopreserved, that may be used for years, possibly even decades. These observations hold significant implications for large-scale human biomonitoring and long-term epidemiological studies, particularly when samples are collected during fieldwork or obtained from biobanks. Continued method optimization and validation efforts are essential to enhance the utility of this approach in environmental and occupational health studies, emphasizing caution when comparing data obtained between fresh and frozen blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Matković
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Gerić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Kazensky
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilena Kašuba
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Cvitković
- Teaching Institute of Public Health Brod-Posavina County, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mandica Sanković
- City of Vinkovci, Department of Physical Planning, Construction and Environmental Protection, Vinkovci, Croatia
| | - Antun Šumanovac
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- County General Hospital Vinkovci, Vinkovci, Croatia
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Goran Gajski
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Muñoz-Peñuela M, Lo Nostro FL, Gomes ADO, Tolussi CE, Lozano I, Moreira RG. A biomarker approach to study the effects of polluted Brazilian urban reservoirs in a native fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171500. [PMID: 38447713 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Two of the largest water reservoirs in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil (MRSP), named Billings and Guarapiranga, are facing high levels of anthropic impact. This is evidenced by the presence of contaminants and pollutants, which are deteriorating their water quality. Therefore, this study evaluated antioxidant defense enzymes, lipoperoxidation and genotoxicity, in adult females of a native species, Astyanax altiparanae from the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs. The study also aimed to evaluate these biomarkers during two different periods of the year, the rainy (summer) and dry (winter) seasons. The oxidative stress was evaluated by the activity of enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferases, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the gills and liver, and the occurrence of lipoperoxidation was also evaluated in both organs. The genotoxicity was assessed by performing comet assay, micronucleus, and nuclear abnormality tests on blood samples. The results showed that fish from both reservoirs are subjected to oxidative stress and genotoxic damage, mainly during winter, but fish living in Billings showed greater alterations than fish from Guarapiranga. Likewise, the results of the principal component analysis suggested that caffeine, nitrogenous compounds, and some metals might be triggering these toxic effects in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Muñoz-Peñuela
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Laura Lo Nostro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática and IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aline Dal Olio Gomes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ismael Lozano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática and IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
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Berthing T, Lard M, Danielsen PH, Abariute L, Barfod KK, Adolfsson K, Knudsen KB, Wolff H, Prinz CN, Vogel U. Pulmonary toxicity and translocation of gallium phosphide nanowires to secondary organs following pulmonary exposure in mice. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:322. [PMID: 37679803 PMCID: PMC10483739 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND III-V semiconductor nanowires are envisioned as being integrated in optoelectronic devices in the near future. However, the perspective of mass production of these nanowires raises concern for human safety due to their asbestos- and carbon nanotube-like properties, including their high aspect ratio shape. Indeed, III-V nanowires have similar dimensions as Mitsui-7 multi-walled carbon nanotubes, which induce lung cancer by inhalation in rats. It is therefore urgent to investigate the toxicological effects following lung exposure to III-V nanowires prior to their use in industrial production, which entails risk of human exposure. Here, female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 2, 6, and 18 µg (0.12, 0.35 and 1.1 mg/kg bw) of gallium phosphide (III-V) nanowires (99 nm diameter, 3.7 μm length) by intratracheal instillation and the toxicity was investigated 1, 3, 28 days and 3 months after exposure. Mitsui-7 multi-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon black Printex 90 nanoparticles were used as benchmark nanomaterials. RESULTS Gallium phosphide nanowires induced genotoxicity in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and acute inflammation with eosinophilia observable both in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissue (1 and 3 days post-exposure). The inflammatory response was comparable to the response following exposure to Mitsui-7 multi-walled carbon nanotubes at similar dose levels. The nanowires underwent partial dissolution in the lung resulting in thinner nanowires, with an estimated in vivo half-life of 3 months. Despite the partial dissolution, nanowires were detected in lung, liver, spleen, kidney, uterus and brain 3 months after exposure. CONCLUSION Pulmonary exposure to gallium phosphide nanowires caused similar toxicological effects as the multi-walled carbon nanotube Mitsui-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Berthing
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mercy Lard
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22 100, Sweden
| | | | - Laura Abariute
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22 100, Sweden
- Phase Holographic Imaging PHI AB, Lund, 224 78, Sweden
| | - Kenneth K Barfod
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, Microbiology and Fermentation, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karl Adolfsson
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22 100, Sweden
- Axis Communications AB, Lund, 223 69, Sweden
| | - Kristina B Knudsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christelle N Prinz
- Division of Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22 100, Sweden.
| | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Solorio-Rodriguez SA, Williams A, Poulsen SS, Knudsen KB, Jensen KA, Clausen PA, Danielsen PH, Wallin H, Vogel U, Halappanavar S. Single-Walled vs. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Influence of Physico-Chemical Properties on Toxicogenomics Responses in Mouse Lungs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13061059. [PMID: 36985953 PMCID: PMC10057402 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are nanomaterials with one or multiple layers of carbon sheets. While it is suggested that various properties influence their toxicity, the specific mechanisms are not completely known. This study was aimed to determine if single or multi-walled structures and surface functionalization influence pulmonary toxicity and to identify the underlying mechanisms of toxicity. Female C57BL/6J BomTac mice were exposed to a single dose of 6, 18, or 54 μg/mouse of twelve SWCNTs or MWCNTs of different properties. Neutrophil influx and DNA damage were assessed on days 1 and 28 post-exposure. Genome microarrays and various bioinformatics and statistical methods were used to identify the biological processes, pathways and functions altered post-exposure to CNTs. All CNTs were ranked for their potency to induce transcriptional perturbation using benchmark dose modelling. All CNTs induced tissue inflammation. MWCNTs were more genotoxic than SWCNTs. Transcriptomics analysis showed similar responses across CNTs at the pathway level at the high dose, which included the perturbation of inflammatory, cellular stress, metabolism, and DNA damage responses. Of all CNTs, one pristine SWCNT was found to be the most potent and potentially fibrogenic, so it should be prioritized for further toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada; (S.A.S.-R.); (A.W.)
| | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Kristina Bram Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Pernille Høgh Danielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Occupational Health, 0304 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.S.P.); (K.B.K.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.C.); (P.H.D.); (H.W.); (U.V.)
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A0K9, Canada; (S.A.S.-R.); (A.W.)
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Sørli JB, Jensen ACØ, Mortensen A, Szarek J, Chatzigianelli E, Gutierrez CAT, Jacobsen NR, Poulsen SS, Hafez I, Loizides C, Biskos G, Hougaard KS, Vogel U, Hadrup N. Genotoxicity in the absence of inflammation after tungsten inhalation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104074. [PMID: 36724834 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten is used in several applications and human exposure may occur. To assess its pulmonary toxicity, we exposed male mice to nose-only inhalation of tungsten particles at 9, 23 or 132 mg/m3 (Low, Mid and High exposure) (45 min/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks). Increased genotoxicity (assessed by comet assay) was seen in bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid cells at Low and High exposure. We measured acellular ROS production, and cannot exclude that ROS contributed to the observed genotoxicity. We saw no effects on body weight gain, pulmonary inflammation, lactate dehydrogenase or protein in BAL fluid, pathology of liver or kidney, or on sperm counts. In conclusion, tungsten showed non-dose dependent genotoxicity in the absence of inflammation and therefore interpreted to be primary genotoxicity. Based on genotoxicity, a Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (LOAEC) could be set at 9 mg/m3. It was not possible to establish a No Adverse Effect Concentration (NOAEC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorid B Sørli
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Alexander C Ø Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Józef Szarek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Eleni Chatzigianelli
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Claudia A T Gutierrez
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Sarah S Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Iosif Hafez
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121, Aglantzia Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Charis Loizides
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121, Aglantzia Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - George Biskos
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121, Aglantzia Nicosia, Cyprus; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Gebouw 23 Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Karin S Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bygning 202, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Research group for Risk-benefit, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bygning 202, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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6
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Collins A, Møller P, Gajski G, Vodenková S, Abdulwahed A, Anderson D, Bankoglu EE, Bonassi S, Boutet-Robinet E, Brunborg G, Chao C, Cooke MS, Costa C, Costa S, Dhawan A, de Lapuente J, Bo' CD, Dubus J, Dusinska M, Duthie SJ, Yamani NE, Engelward B, Gaivão I, Giovannelli L, Godschalk R, Guilherme S, Gutzkow KB, Habas K, Hernández A, Herrero O, Isidori M, Jha AN, Knasmüller S, Kooter IM, Koppen G, Kruszewski M, Ladeira C, Laffon B, Larramendy M, Hégarat LL, Lewies A, Lewinska A, Liwszyc GE, de Cerain AL, Manjanatha M, Marcos R, Milić M, de Andrade VM, Moretti M, Muruzabal D, Novak M, Oliveira R, Olsen AK, Owiti N, Pacheco M, Pandey AK, Pfuhler S, Pourrut B, Reisinger K, Rojas E, Rundén-Pran E, Sanz-Serrano J, Shaposhnikov S, Sipinen V, Smeets K, Stopper H, Teixeira JP, Valdiglesias V, Valverde M, van Acker F, van Schooten FJ, Vasquez M, Wentzel JF, Wnuk M, Wouters A, Žegura B, Zikmund T, Langie SAS, Azqueta A. Measuring DNA modifications with the comet assay: a compendium of protocols. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:929-989. [PMID: 36707722 PMCID: PMC10281087 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay is a versatile method to detect nuclear DNA damage in individual eukaryotic cells, from yeast to human. The types of damage detected encompass DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites (e.g., apurinic/apyrimidinic sites), alkylated and oxidized nucleobases, DNA-DNA crosslinks, UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and some chemically induced DNA adducts. Depending on the specimen type, there are important modifications to the comet assay protocol to avoid the formation of additional DNA damage during the processing of samples and to ensure sufficient sensitivity to detect differences in damage levels between sample groups. Various applications of the comet assay have been validated by research groups in academia, industry and regulatory agencies, and its strengths are highlighted by the adoption of the comet assay as an in vivo test for genotoxicity in animal organs by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The present document includes a series of consensus protocols that describe the application of the comet assay to a wide variety of cell types, species and types of DNA damage, thereby demonstrating its versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Soňa Vodenková
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Abdulhadi Abdulwahed
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diana Anderson
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD 223268/50), Oslo, Norway
| | - Christy Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Carla Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Alok Dhawan
- Centre of BioMedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Joaquin de Lapuente
- Toxicology Department, AC MARCA Group, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Julien Dubus
- Aix-Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Susan J Duthie
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Bevin Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Isabel Gaivão
- Genetics and Biotechnology Department and Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roger Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Guilherme
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kristine B Gutzkow
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD 223268/50), Oslo, Norway
| | - Khaled Habas
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bradford University, Bradford, UK
| | - Alba Hernández
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola de Vallès, Spain
| | - Oscar Herrero
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Isidori
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingeborg M Kooter
- Department Circular Economy and Environment, the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research-TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marcelo Larramendy
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ludovic Le Hégarat
- Anses, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Fougeres Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères, France
| | - Angélique Lewies
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Guillermo E Liwszyc
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mugimane Manjanatha
- Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola de Vallès, Spain
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciuma, Brazil
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Unit of Public Health, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Damian Muruzabal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rui Oliveira
- Department of Biology, CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD 223268/50), Oslo, Norway
| | - Norah Owiti
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alok K Pandey
- Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Stefan Pfuhler
- Global Product Stewardship - Human Safety, The Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Emilio Rojas
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CU, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ville Sipinen
- Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karen Smeets
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, CICA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mahara Valverde
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CU, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Biology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Annelies Wouters
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomas Zikmund
- Biocev, 1st Medical Faculty, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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7
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Sørli JB, Jensen ACØ, Mortensen A, Szarek J, Gutierrez CAT, Givelet L, Loeschner K, Loizides C, Hafez I, Biskos G, Vogel U, Hadrup N. Pulmonary toxicity of molybdenum disulphide after inhalation in mice. Toxicology 2023; 485:153428. [PMID: 36641057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is a constituent of many products. To protect humans, it is important to know at what air concentrations it becomes toxic. For this, we tested MoS2 particles by nose-only inhalation in mice. Exposures were set to 13, 50 and 150 mg MoS2/m3 (=8, 30 and 90 mg Mo/m3), corresponding to Low, Mid and High exposure. The duration was 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 3 weeks. Molybdenum lung-deposition levels were estimated based on aerosol particle size distribution measurements, and empirically determined with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Toxicological endpoints were body weight gain, respiratory function, pulmonary inflammation, histopathology, and genotoxicity (comet assay). Acellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also determined. The aerosolised MoS2 powder had a mean aerodynamic diameter of 800 nm, and a specific surface area of 8.96 m2/g. Alveolar deposition of MoS2 in lung was estimated at 7, 27 and 79 µg/mouse and measured as 35, 101 and 171 µg/mouse for Low, Mid and High exposure, respectively. Body weight gain was lower than in controls at Mid and High exposure. The tidal volume was decreased with Low and Mid exposure on day 15. Increased genotoxicity was seen in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cells at Mid and High exposures. ROS production was substantially lower than for carbon black nanoparticles used as bench-mark, when normalised by mass. Yet if ROS of MoS2 was normalised by surface area, it was similar to that of carbon black, suggesting that a ROS contribution to the observed genotoxicity cannot be ruled out. In conclusion, effects on body weight gain and genotoxicity indicated that Low exposure (13 mg MoS2/m3, corresponding to 0.8 mg/m3 for an 8-hour working day) was a No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (NOAEC,) while effects on respiratory function suggested this level as a Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (LOAEC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorid B Sørli
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Alexander C Ø Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Józef Szarek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Claudia A T Gutierrez
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lucas Givelet
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Charis Loizides
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.
| | - Iosif Hafez
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.
| | - George Biskos
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Research group for Risk-Benefit, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
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8
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Wierzbicka A, Omelekhina Y, Saber AT, Bloom E, Gren L, Poulsen SS, Strandberg B, Pagels J, Jacobsen NR. Indoor PM 2.5 from occupied residences in Sweden caused higher inflammation in mice compared to outdoor PM 2.5. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13177. [PMID: 36567521 PMCID: PMC10107884 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We spend most of our time indoors; however, little is known about the effects of exposure to aerosol particles indoors. We aimed to determine differences in relative toxicity and physicochemical properties of PM2.5 collected simultaneously indoors (PM2.5 INDOOR ) and outdoors (PM2.5 OUTDOOR ) in 15 occupied homes in southern Sweden. Collected particles were extracted from filters, pooled (indoor and outdoor separately), and characterized for chemical composition and endotoxins before being tested for toxicity in mice via intratracheal instillation. Various endpoints including lung inflammation, genotoxicity, and acute-phase response in lung and liver were assessed 1, 3, and 28 days post-exposure. Chemical composition of particles used in toxicological assessment was compared to particles analyzed without extraction. Time-resolved particle mass and number concentrations were monitored. PM2.5 INDOOR showed higher relative concentrations (μg mg-1 ) of metals, PAHs, and endotoxins compared to PM2.5 OUTDOOR . These differences may be linked to PM2.5 INDOOR causing significantly higher lung inflammation and lung acute-phase response 1 day post-exposure compared to PM2.5 OUTDOOR and vehicle controls, respectively. None of the tested materials caused genotoxicity. PM2.5 INDOOR displayed higher relative toxicity than PM2.5 OUTDOOR under the studied conditions, that is, wintertime with reduced air exchange rates, high influence of indoor sources, and relatively low outdoor concentrations of PM. Reducing PM2.5 INDOOR exposure requires reduction of both infiltration from outdoors and indoor-generated particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Wierzbicka
- Ergonomics and Aerosol TechnologyLund UniversityLundSweden
- Centre for Healthy Indoor EnvironmentsLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Yuliya Omelekhina
- Ergonomics and Aerosol TechnologyLund UniversityLundSweden
- Centre for Healthy Indoor EnvironmentsLund UniversityLundSweden
| | | | - Erica Bloom
- Division of Built EnvironmentRISE Research Institutes of SwedenStockholmSweden
| | - Louise Gren
- Ergonomics and Aerosol TechnologyLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working EnvironmentCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Bo Strandberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental MedicineRegion SkåneLundSweden
| | - Joakim Pagels
- Ergonomics and Aerosol TechnologyLund UniversityLundSweden
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9
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Holmes TH, Winn LM. DNA damage, DNA repair gene expression, and topoisomerase IIα activity in CD-1 mice following in utero benzene exposure. Toxicol Lett 2022; 368:47-55. [PMID: 35963423 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is an environmental toxicant and known human carcinogen. Recent epidemiological studies show a relationship between exposure to benzene in pregnant women and increased incidence of childhood leukemias. Studies in murine models demonstrate a relationship between carcinogenicity and in utero benzene exposure which was sex dependent, thus the cellular mechanisms of benzene toxicity by sex require further studies. A hypothesized mechanism of benzene-induced in utero carcinogenicity is through increased DNA damage and reduced fetal DNA repair capacity. This includes the potential inhibition of topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα), in part, to generate double stranded DNA (dsDNA) breaks and induction of error-prone DNA repair. Using a mouse model of transplacental benzene carcinogenicity, gestational day (GD) 14 fetal livers were harvested 2, 6, and 24 h following maternal exposure to 200 mg/kg benzene and used to assess DNA damage, DNA repair gene expression and topo IIα activity. DNA damage, measured by levels of modified histone H2AX (γH2AX), is significantly increased in benzene exposed pups, with sex-dependent significance seen only in female pups. Comet assay results confirmed that benzene exposure in utero induces dsDNA damage in the GD14 fetal liver. Genes involved in DNA repair were assessed, and DNA repair gene expression changes were observed after 24 h in genes related to nucleotide excision repair, homologous recombination, and non-homologous end-joining. There were no significant differences in topo IIα activity in GD14 fetal livers at any timepoint, or between sexes. Overall, this study shows that 200 mg/kg benzene exposure induces dsDNA damage and alters fetal DNA repair gene expression in utero, without perturbing fetal topo IIα in CD-1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent H Holmes
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Louise M Winn
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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10
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Di Ianni E, Møller P, Cholakova T, Wolff H, Jacobsen NR, Vogel U. Assessment of primary and inflammation-driven genotoxicity of carbon black nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:526-546. [PMID: 35993455 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2106906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) have a large surface area/volume ratio and are known to generate oxidative stress and inflammation that may result in genotoxicity and cancer. Here, we evaluated the primary and inflammatory response-driven (i.e. secondary) genotoxicity of two CBNPs, Flammruss101 (FL101) and PrintexXE2B (XE2B) that differ in size and specific surface area (SSA), and cause different amounts of reactive oxygen species. Three doses (low, medium and high) of FL101 and XE2B were assessed in vitro in the lung epithelial (A549) and activated THP-1 (THP-1a) monocytic cells exposed in submerged conditions for 6 and 24 h, and in C57BL/6 mice at day 1, 28 and 90 following intratracheal instillation. In vitro, we assessed pro-inflammatory response as IL-8 and IL-1β gene expression, and in vivo, inflammation was determined as inflammatory cell infiltrates in bronchial lavage (BAL) fluid and as histological changes in lung tissue. DNA damage was quantified in vitro and in vivo as DNA strand breaks levels by the alkaline comet assay. Inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo correlated with dosed CBNPs SSA. Both materials induced DNA damage in THP-1a (correlated with dosed mass), and only XE2B in A549 cells. Non-statistically significant increase in DNA damage in vivo was observed in BAL cells. In conclusion, this study shows dosed SSA predicted inflammation both in vivo and in vitro, whereas dosed mass predicted genotoxicity in vitro in THP-1a cells. The observed lack of correlation between CBNP surface area and genotoxicity provides little evidence of inflammation-driven genotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Di Ianni
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tanya Cholakova
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Occupational Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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11
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Saber AT, Hadrup N, Williams A, Mortensen A, Szarek J, Kyjovska Z, Kurz A, Jacobsen NR, Wallin H, Halappanavar S, Vogel U. Unchanged pulmonary toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles formulated in a liquid matrix for glass coating. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:812-827. [PMID: 36480659 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2152751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of nanoparticles can increase the quality of certain products. One application is the inclusion of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in a glass coating matrix to produce a UV-absorbing coating for glass sheets. Yet, the question is whether the inclusion of ZnO in the matrix induces toxicity at low exposure levels. To test this, mice were given single intratracheal instillation of 1) ZnO powder (ZnO), 2) ZnO in a glass matrix coating in its liquid phase (ZnO-Matrix), and 3) the matrix with no ZnO (Matrix). Doses of ZnO were 0.23, 0.67, and 2 µg ZnO/mouse. ZnO Matrix doses had equal amounts of ZnO, while Matrix was adjusted to have an equal volume of matrix as ZnO Matrix. Post-exposure periods were 1, 3, or 28 d. Endpoints were pulmonary inflammation as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cellularity, genotoxicity in lung and liver, measured by comet assay, histopathology of lung and liver, and global gene expression in lung using microarrays. Neutrophil numbers were increased to a similar extent with ZnO and ZnO-Matrix at 1 and 3 d. Only weak genotoxicity without dose-response effects was observed in the lung. Lung histology showed an earlier onset of inflammation in material-exposed groups as compared to controls. Microarray analysis showed a stronger response in terms of the number of differentially regulated genes in ZnO-Matrix exposed mice as compared to Matrix only. Activated canonical pathways included inflammatory and cardiovascular ones. In conclusion, the pulmonary toxicity of ZnO was not changed by formulation in a liquid matrix for glass coating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jozef Szarek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zdenka Kyjovska
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark.,DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Di Ianni E, Jacobsen NR, Vogel UB, Møller P. Systematic review on primary and secondary genotoxicity of carbon black nanoparticles in mammalian cells and animals. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 790:108441. [PMID: 36007825 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2022.108441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon black exposure causes oxidative stress, inflammation and genotoxicity. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the contributions of primary (i.e. direct formation of DNA damage) and secondary genotoxicity (i.e., DNA lesions produced indirectly by inflammation) to the overall level of DNA damage by carbon black. The database is dominated by studies that have measured DNA damage by the comet assay. Cell culture studies indicate a genotoxic action of carbon black, which might be mediated by oxidative stress. Many in vivo studies originate from one laboratory that has investigated the genotoxic effects of Printex 90 in mice by intra-tracheal instillation. Meta-analysis and pooled analysis of these results demonstrate that Printex 90 exposure is associated with a slightly increased level of DNA strand breaks in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and lung tissue. Other types of genotoxic damage have not been investigated as thoroughly as DNA strand breaks, although there is evidence to suggest that carbon black exposure might increase the mutation frequency and cytogenetic endpoints. Stratification of studies according to concurrent inflammation and DNA damage does not indicate that carbon black exposure gives rise to secondary genotoxicity. Even substantial pulmonary inflammation is at best only associated with a weak genotoxic response in lung tissue. In conclusion, the review indicates that nanosized carbon black is a weak genotoxic agent and this effect is more likely to originate from a primary genotoxic mechanism of action, mediated by e.g., oxidative stress, than inflammation-driven (secondary) genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Di Ianni
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ulla Birgitte Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Bygning 202, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Di Ianni E, Møller P, Vogel UB, Jacobsen NR. Pro-inflammatory response and genotoxicity caused by clay and graphene nanomaterials in A549 and THP-1 cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 872:503405. [PMID: 34798932 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoclays and graphene oxide nanomaterials represent a class of materials sharing similar shapes constituted of high aspect ratio platelets. The increased production of these materials for various industrial applications increases the risk of occupational exposure, consequently with elevated risk of adverse reactions and development of pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer. In this study, pro-inflammatory responses and genotoxicity were assessed in alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and activated THP-1 macrophages (THP-1a) after exposure to three nanoclays; a pristine (Bentonite) and two surface modified (benzalkonium chloride-coated Nanofil9, and dialkyldimethyl-ammonium-coated NanofilSE3000); graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) nanomaterials. The pro-inflammatory response in terms of IL-8 expression was strongest in cells exposed to Bentonite, whereas surface modification resulted in decreased toxicity in both cell lines when exposed to Nanofil9 and NanofilSE3000. GO and r-GO induced a pro-inflammatory response in A549 cells, while no effect was detected with the two nanomaterials on THP-1a cells. The pro-inflammatory response was strongly correlated with in vivo inflammation in mice after intra-tracheal instillation when doses were normalized against surface area. Genotoxicity was assessed as DNA strand breaks, using the alkaline comet assay. In A549 cells, an increase in DNA strand breaks was detected only in cells exposed to Bentonite, whereas Bentonite, NanofilSE3000 and GO caused an increased level of genotoxicity in THP-1a cells. Genotoxicity in THP-1a cells was concordant with the DNA damage in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells following 1 and 3 days after intra-tracheal instillation in mice. In conclusion, this study shows that surface modification of pristine nanoclays reduces the inflammatory and genotoxic response in A549 and THP-1a cells, and these in vitro models show comparable toxicity to what seen in previous mouse studies with the same materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Di Ianni
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Birgitte Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs.Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Hadrup N, Knudsen KB, Carriere M, Mayne-L'Hermite M, Bobyk L, Allard S, Miserque F, Pibaleau B, Pinault M, Wallin H, Vogel U. Safe-by-design strategies for lowering the genotoxicity and pulmonary inflammation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: Reduction of length and the introduction of COOH groups. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103702. [PMID: 34252584 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Potentially, the toxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can be reduced in a safe-by-design strategy. We investigated if genotoxicity and pulmonary inflammation of MWCNTs from the same batch were lowered by a) reducing length and b) introducing COOH-groups into the structure. Mice were administered: 1) long and pristine MWCNT (CNT-long) (3.9 μm); 2) short and pristine CNT (CNT-short) (1 μm); 3) CNT modified with high ratio COOH-groups (CNT-COOH-high); 4) CNT modified with low ratio COOH-groups (CNT-COOH-low). MWCNTs were dosed by intratracheal instillation at 18 or 54 μg/mouse (∼0.9 and 2.7 mg/kg bw). Neutrophils numbers were highest after CNT-long exposure, and both shortening the MWCNT and addition of COOH-groups lowered pulmonary inflammation (day 1 and 28). Likewise, CNT-long induced genotoxicity, which was absent with CNT-short and after introduction of COOH groups. In conclusion, genotoxicity and pulmonary inflammation of MWCNTs were lowered, but not eliminated, by shortening the fibres or introducing COOH-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Kristina Bram Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Marie Carriere
- INAC (Institute for Nanoscience and Cryogenics), LAN (Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Nucleic Acid Lesions Laboratory), 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 09, France.
| | | | - Laure Bobyk
- INAC (Institute for Nanoscience and Cryogenics), LAN (Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Nucleic Acid Lesions Laboratory), 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 09, France.
| | - Soline Allard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91 191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Frédéric Miserque
- CEA, DES, Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement (SCCME), Laboratoire d'Etude de la Corrosion Aqueuse (LECA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Baptiste Pibaleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91 191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Mathieu Pinault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91 191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; National Institute of Occupational Health, Pb 5330 Majorstuen, 0304, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; DTU Food, Danish Technical University (DTU), Anker Engelunds Vej 1, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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15
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Andersen MHG, Saber AT, Frederiksen M, Clausen PA, Sejbaek CS, Hemmingsen CH, Ebbehøj NE, Catalán J, Aimonen K, Koivisto J, Loft S, Møller P, Vogel U. Occupational exposure and markers of genetic damage, systemic inflammation and lung function: a Danish cross-sectional study among air force personnel. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17998. [PMID: 34504215 PMCID: PMC8429754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Air force ground crew personnel are potentially exposed to fuels and lubricants, as raw materials, vapours and combustion exhaust emissions, during operation and maintenance of aircrafts. This study investigated exposure levels and biomarkers of effects for employees at a Danish air force military base. We enrolled self-reported healthy and non-smoking employees (n = 79) and grouped them by exposure based on job function, considered to be potentially exposed (aircraft engineers, crew chiefs, fuel operators and munition specialists) or as reference group with minimal occupational exposure (avionics and office workers). We measured exposure levels to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) by silicone bands and skin wipes (PAHs only) as well as urinary excretion of PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs). Additionally, we assessed exposure levels of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in the breathing zone for specific job functions. As biomarkers of effect, we assessed lung function, plasma levels of acute phase inflammatory markers, and genetic damage levels in peripheral blood cells. Exposure levels of total PAHs, OPEs and OH-PAHs did not differ between exposure groups or job functions, with low correlations between PAHs in different matrices. Among the measured job functions, the UFP levels were higher for the crew chiefs. The exposure level of the PAH fluorene was significantly higher for the exposed group than the reference group (15.9 ± 23.7 ng/g per 24 h vs 5.28 ± 7.87 ng/g per 24 h, p = 0.007), as was the OPE triphenyl phosphate (305 ± 606 vs 19.7 ± 33.8 ng/g per 24 h, p = 0.011). The OPE tris(1,3-dichlor-2-propyl)phosphate had a higher mean in the exposed group (60.7 ± 135 ng/g per 24 h) compared to the reference group (8.89 ± 15.7 ng/g per 24 h) but did not reach significance. No evidence of effects for biomarkers of systemic inflammation, genetic damage or lung function was found. Overall, our biomonitoring study show limited evidence of occupational exposure of air force ground crew personnel to UFPs, PAHs and OPEs. Furthermore, the OH-PAHs and the assessed biomarkers of early biological effects did not differ between exposed and reference groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Thoustrup Saber
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marie Frederiksen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Camilla Sandal Sejbaek
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Caroline Hallas Hemmingsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Niels E Ebbehøj
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Julia Catalán
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032, Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kukka Aimonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032, Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joonas Koivisto
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,ARCHE Consulting, Liefkensstraat 35D, 9032, Wondelgem, Belgium
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. .,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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16
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Muruzabal D, Sanz-Serrano J, Sauvaigo S, Treillard B, Olsen AK, López de Cerain A, Vettorazzi A, Azqueta A. Validation of the in vitro comet assay for DNA cross-links and altered bases detection. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2825-2838. [PMID: 34196753 PMCID: PMC8298235 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic toxicology is gaining weight for human health risk assessment. Different mechanistic assays are available, such as the comet assay, which detects DNA damage at the level of individual cells. However, the conventional alkaline version only detects strand breaks and alkali-labile sites. We have validated two modifications of the in vitro assay to generate mechanistic information: (1) use of DNA-repair enzymes (i.e., formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase, endonuclease III, human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase I and human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase) for detection of oxidized and alkylated bases as well as (2) a modification for detecting cross-links. Seven genotoxicants with different mechanisms of action (potassium bromate, methyl methanesulfonate, ethyl methanesulfonate, hydrogen peroxide, cisplatin, mitomycin C, and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide), as well as a non-genotoxic compound (dimethyl sulfoxide) and a cytotoxic compound (Triton X-100) were tested on TK-6 cells. We were able to detect with high sensitivity and clearly differentiate oxidizing, alkylating and cross-linking agents. These modifications of the comet assay significantly increase its sensitivity and its specificity towards DNA lesions, providing mechanistic information regarding the type of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Muruzabal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sylvie Sauvaigo
- LXRepair, Biopolis, 5 Avenue du Grand Sablon, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | | | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Section of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Skøyen, PO Box 222, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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17
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Di Ianni E, Erdem JS, Møller P, Sahlgren NM, Poulsen SS, Knudsen KB, Zienolddiny S, Saber AT, Wallin H, Vogel U, Jacobsen NR. In vitro-in vivo correlations of pulmonary inflammogenicity and genotoxicity of MWCNT. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:25. [PMID: 34301283 PMCID: PMC8299626 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have received attention due to extraordinary properties, resulting in concerns for occupational health and safety. Costs and ethical concerns of animal testing drive a need for in vitro models with predictive power in respiratory toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess pro-inflammatory response (Interleukin-8 expression, IL-8) and genotoxicity (DNA strand breaks) caused by MWCNT with different physicochemical properties in different pulmonary cell models and correlate these to previously published in vivo data. Seven MWCNT were selected; two long/thick (NRCWE-006/Mitsui-7 and NM-401), two short/thin (NM-400 and NM-403), a pristine (NRCWE-040) and two surface modified; hydroxylated (NRCWE-041) and carboxylated (NRCWE-042). Carbon black Printex90 (CB) was included as benchmark material. Human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and monocyte-derived macrophages (THP-1a) were exposed to nanomaterials (NM) in submerged conditions, and two materials (NM-400 and NM-401) in co-cultures of A549/THP-1a and lung fibroblasts (WI-38) in an air-liquid interface (ALI) system. Effective doses were quantified by thermo-gravimetric-mass spectrometry analysis (TGA-MS). To compare genotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, we developed a scoring system based on a categorization of effects into standard deviation (SD) units (< 1, 1, 2, 3 or 4 standard deviation increases) for the increasing genotoxicity. Results Effective doses were shown to be 25 to 53%, and 21 to 57% of the doses administered to A549 and THP-1a, respectively. In submerged conditions (A549 and THP-1a cells), all NM induced dose-dependent IL-8 expression. NM-401 and NRCWE-006 caused the strongest pro-inflammatory response. In the ALI-exposed co-culture, only NM-401 caused increased IL-8 expression, and no DNA strand breaks were observed. Strong correlations were found between in vitro and in vivo inflammation when doses were normalized by surface area (also proxy for diameter and length). Significantly increased DNA damage was found for all MWCNT in THP-1a cells, and for short MWCNT in A549 cells. A concordance in genotoxicity of 83% was obtained between THP-1a cells and broncho-alveolar lavaged (BAL) cells. Conclusion This study shows correlations of pro-inflammatory potential in A549 and THP-1a cells with neutrophil influx in mice, and concordance in genotoxic response between THP-1a cells and BAL cells, for seven MWCNT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00413-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Di Ianni
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina Bram Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Evaxion Biotech, DK-1260, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Thoustrup Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Volobaev V, Bach S, Shchetnikova E, Vdovina E, Rosinskiy A, Larionov A. Short/long-term cryopreservation prior to comet assay of whole-blood leukocytes and in vitro-cultured lung fibroblasts. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:531-537. [PMID: 34016016 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1933286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) is a valuable test that can be used in ecotoxicological, epidemiological, and biomonitoring contexts. We assessed the effects of short- (without cryopreservation) and long-term (with cryopreservation) storage of DMEM-cultivated human peripheral blood leukocytes (HPBLs) and a human lung fibroblast cell line (FLECH-104) on comet assay results. Samples were stored for 6 or 24 h at room temperature (23°С) or 4 °C and frozen at -80 °C or -196 °C for 1, 2, or 4 weeks. Short-term storage led to significant increases in the comet tail intensity (TI) and Olive tail moment (OTM) in HPBL and FLECH-104 samples. Freezing FLECH-104 samples at -80°С and -196°С resulted in TI mean increases, with no differences in OTM. All frozen HPBL samples did not exhibit significant increases in TI or OTM, and instead exhibited a slight decrease in TI versus the control at both -80 °C and -196 °C. Increased frequency of highly damaged cells was observed in FLECH-104 and HPBL cultures during both short-term storage and after freezing, which may indicate a significant destructive effect. Therefore, freezing of cell cultures and whole blood according to our protocol is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Volobaev
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Natural Resources, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - S Bach
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Natural Resources, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - E Shchetnikova
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Natural Resources, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - E Vdovina
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Natural Resources, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - A Rosinskiy
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Natural Resources, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - A Larionov
- Institute of Biology, Ecology and Natural Resources, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
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19
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Nymark P, Karlsson HL, Halappanavar S, Vogel U. Adverse Outcome Pathway Development for Assessment of Lung Carcinogenicity by Nanoparticles. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 3:653386. [PMID: 35295099 PMCID: PMC8915843 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.653386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, one of the most common and deadly forms of cancer, is in some cases associated with exposure to certain types of particles. With the rise of nanotechnology, there is concern that some engineered nanoparticles may be among such particles. In the absence of epidemiological evidence, assessment of nanoparticle carcinogenicity is currently performed on a time-consuming case-by-case basis, relying mainly on animal experiments. Non-animal alternatives exist, including a few validated cell-based methods accepted for regulatory risk assessment of nanoparticles. Furthermore, new approach methodologies (NAMs), focused on carcinogenic mechanisms and capable of handling the increasing numbers of nanoparticles, have been developed. However, such alternative methods are mainly applied as weight-of-evidence linked to generally required animal data, since challenges remain regarding interpretation of the results. These challenges may be more easily overcome by the novel Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework, which provides a basis for validation and uptake of alternative mechanism-focused methods in risk assessment. Here, we propose an AOP for lung cancer induced by nanosized foreign matter, anchored to a selection of 18 standardized methods and NAMs for in silico- and in vitro-based integrated assessment of lung carcinogenicity. The potential for further refinement of the AOP and its components is discussed in relation to available nanosafety knowledge and data. Overall, this perspective provides a basis for development of AOP-aligned alternative methods-based integrated testing strategies for assessment of nanoparticle-induced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Nymark
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna L. Karlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Møller P, Bankoglu EE, Stopper H, Giovannelli L, Ladeira C, Koppen G, Gajski G, Collins A, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B, Boutet-Robinet E, Perdry H, Del Bo' C, Langie SAS, Dusinska M, Azqueta A. Collection and storage of human white blood cells for analysis of DNA damage and repair activity using the comet assay in molecular epidemiology studies. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:193-212. [PMID: 33755160 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage and repair activity are often assessed in blood samples from humans in different types of molecular epidemiology studies. However, it is not always feasible to analyse the samples on the day of collection without any type of storage. For instance, certain studies use repeated sampling of cells from the same subject or samples from different subjects collected at different time-points, and it is desirable to analyse all these samples in the same comet assay experiment. In addition, flawless comet assay analyses on frozen samples open up the possibility of using this technique on biobank material. In this article we discuss the use of cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), buffy coat (BC) and whole blood (WB) for analysis of DNA damage and repair using the comet assay. The published literature and the authors' experiences indicate that various types of blood samples can be cryopreserved with only a minor effect on the basal level of DNA damage. There is evidence to suggest that WB and PBMCs can be cryopreserved for several years without much effect on the level of DNA damage. However, care should be taken when cryopreserving WB and BCs. It is possible to use either fresh or frozen samples of blood cells, but results from fresh and frozen cells should not be used in the same dataset. The article outlines detailed protocols for the cryopreservation of PBMCs, BCs and WB samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde (ESTeSL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Avenida D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.,NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.,Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidade da Coruña, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elisa Boutet-Robinet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Perdry
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Environmental Chemistry Department, Health Effects Laboratory, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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21
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Menzel A, Samouda H, Dohet F, Loap S, Ellulu MS, Bohn T. Common and Novel Markers for Measuring Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Ex Vivo in Research and Clinical Practice-Which to Use Regarding Disease Outcomes? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030414. [PMID: 33803155 PMCID: PMC8001241 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic conditions such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type-2 diabetes, obesity, peripheral/coronary artery disease and auto-immune diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. Closely related to inflammation is oxidative stress (OS), which can be either causal or secondary to inflammation. While a low level of OS is physiological, chronically increased OS is deleterious. Therefore, valid biomarkers of these signalling pathways may enable detection and following progression of OS/inflammation as well as to evaluate treatment efficacy. Such biomarkers should be stable and obtainable through non-invasive methods and their determination should be affordable and easy. The most frequently used inflammatory markers include acute-phase proteins, essentially CRP, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and procalcitonin, and cytokines, predominantly TNFα, interleukins 1β, 6, 8, 10 and 12 and their receptors and IFNγ. Some cytokines appear to be disease-specific. Conversely, OS-being ubiquitous-and its biomarkers appear less disease or tissue-specific. These include lipid peroxidation products, e.g., F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde, DNA breakdown products (e.g., 8-OH-dG), protein adducts (e.g., carbonylated proteins), or antioxidant status. More novel markers include also -omics related ones, as well as non-invasive, questionnaire-based measures, such as the dietary inflammatory-index (DII), but their link to biological responses may be variable. Nevertheless, many of these markers have been clearly related to a number of diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is often limited, due to lacking analytical or clinical validation, or technical challenges. In this review, we strive to highlight frequently employed and useful markers of inflammation-related OS, including novel promising markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Francois Dohet
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Suva Loap
- Clinic Cryo Esthetic, 11 Rue Éblé, 75007 Paris, France;
| | - Mohammed S. Ellulu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City 00970, Palestine;
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Marino M, Gigliotti L, Møller P, Riso P, Porrini M, Del Bo C. Impact of 12-month cryopreservation on endogenous DNA damage in whole blood and isolated mononuclear cells evaluated by the comet assay. Sci Rep 2021; 11:363. [PMID: 33432000 PMCID: PMC7801598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The comet assay is an electrophoretic technique used to assess DNA damage, as a marker of genotoxicity and oxidative stress, in tissues and biological samples including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and whole blood (WB). Although numerous studies are performed on stored samples, the impact of cryopreservation on artifactual formation of DNA damage is not widely considered. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of storage at different time-points on the levels of strand breaks (SBs) and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg)-sensitive sites in isolated PBMCs and WB. Samples were collected, aliquoted and stored at − 80 °C. DNA damage was analyzed on fresh samples, and subsequently on frozen samples every 2 months up to a year. Results have shown no changes in DNA damage in samples of PBMCs and WB stored for up to 4 months, while a significant increase in SBs and Fpg-sensitive sites was documented starting from 6-month up to 12-month storage of both the samples. In addition, fresh and frozen WB showed higher basal levels of DNA damage compared to PBMCs. In conclusion, WB samples show high levels of DNA damage compared to PBMCs. One-year of storage increased the levels of SBs and Fpg-sensitive sites especially in the WB samples. Based on these findings, the use of short storage times and PBMCs should be preferred because of low background level of DNA damage in the comet assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Marino
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Gigliotti
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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23
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Hadrup N, Aimonen K, Ilves M, Lindberg H, Atluri R, Sahlgren NM, Jacobsen NR, Barfod KK, Berthing T, Lawlor A, Norppa H, Wolff H, Jensen KA, Hougaard KS, Alenius H, Catalan J, Vogel U. Pulmonary toxicity of synthetic amorphous silica - effects of porosity and copper oxide doping. Nanotoxicology 2020; 15:96-113. [PMID: 33176111 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1842932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Materials can be modified for improved functionality. Our aim was to test whether pulmonary toxicity of silica nanomaterials is increased by the introduction of: a) porosity; and b) surface doping with CuO; and whether c) these modifications act synergistically. Mice were exposed by intratracheal instillation and for some doses also oropharyngeal aspiration to: 1) solid silica 100 nm; 2) porous silica 100 nm; 3) porous silica 100 nm with CuO doping; 4) solid silica 300 nm; 5) porous silica 300 nm; 6) solid silica 300 nm with CuO doping; 7) porous silica 300 nm with CuO doping; 8) CuO nanoparticles 9.8 nm; or 9) carbon black Printex 90 as benchmark. Based on a pilot study, dose levels were between 0.5 and 162 µg/mouse (0.2 and 8.1 mg/kg bw). Endpoints included pulmonary inflammation (neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar fluid), acute phase response, histopathology, and genotoxicity assessed by the comet assay, micronucleus test, and the gamma-H2AX assay. The porous silica materials induced greater pulmonary inflammation than their solid counterparts. A similar pattern was seen for acute phase response induction and histologic changes. This could be explained by a higher specific surface area per mass unit for the most toxic particles. CuO doping further increased the acute phase response normalized according to the deposited surface area. We identified no consistent evidence of synergism between surface area and CuO doping. In conclusion, porosity and CuO doping each increased the toxicity of silica nanomaterials and there was no indication of synergy when the modifications co-occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kukka Aimonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marit Ilves
- Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Lindberg
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rambabu Atluri
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicklas M Sahlgren
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth K Barfod
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. Experimental Animal Models, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alan Lawlor
- CEH Lancaster, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | - Hannu Norppa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Keld A Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin S Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harri Alenius
- Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of environmental medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Catalan
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark.,DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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24
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A Multi-Endpoint Approach to Base Excision Repair Incision Activity Augmented by PARylation and DNA Damage Levels in Mice: Impact of Sex and Age. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186600. [PMID: 32917005 PMCID: PMC7555950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of processes that contribute to the maintenance of genomic stability is one crucial factor in the attempt to understand mechanisms that facilitate ageing. The DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair mechanisms are crucial to safeguard the integrity of DNA and to prevent accumulation of persistent DNA damage. Among them, base excision repair (BER) plays a decisive role. BER is the major repair pathway for small oxidative base modifications and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. We established a highly sensitive non-radioactive assay to measure BER incision activity in murine liver samples. Incision activity can be assessed towards the three DNA lesions 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), 5-hydroxy-2’-deoxyuracil (5-OHdU), and an AP site analogue. We applied the established assay to murine livers of adult and old mice of both sexes. Furthermore, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) was assessed, which is an important determinant in DDR and BER. Additionally, DNA damage levels were measured to examine the overall damage levels. No impact of ageing on the investigated endpoints in liver tissue were found. However, animal sex seems to be a significant impact factor, as evident by sex-dependent alterations in all endpoints investigated. Moreover, our results revealed interrelationships between the investigated endpoints indicative for the synergetic mode of action of the cellular DNA integrity maintaining machinery.
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25
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Finke H, Winkelbeiner N, Lossow K, Hertel B, Wandt VK, Schwarz M, Pohl G, Kopp JF, Ebert F, Kipp AP, Schwerdtle T. Effects of a Cumulative, Suboptimal Supply of Multiple Trace Elements in Mice: Trace Element Status, Genomic Stability, Inflammation, and Epigenetics. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000325. [PMID: 32609929 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Trace element (TE) deficiencies often occur accumulated, as nutritional intake is inadequate for several TEs, concurrently. Therefore, the impact of a suboptimal supply of iron, zinc, copper, iodine, and selenium on the TE status, health parameters, epigenetics, and genomic stability in mice are studied. METHODS AND RESULTS Male mice receive reduced or adequate amounts of TEs for 9 weeks. The TE status is analyzed mass-spectrometrically in serum and different tissues. Furthermore, gene and protein expression of TE biomarkers are assessed with focus on liver. Iron concentrations are most sensitive toward a reduced supply indicated by increased serum transferrin levels and altered hepatic expression of iron-related genes. Reduced TE supply results in smaller weight gain but higher spleen and heart weights. Additionally, inflammatory mediators in serum and liver are increased together with hepatic genomic instability. However, global DNA (hydroxy)methylation is unaffected by the TE modulation. CONCLUSION Despite homeostatic regulation of most TEs in response to a low intake, this condition still has substantial effects on health parameters. It appears that the liver and immune system react particularly sensitive toward changes in TE intake. The reduced Fe status might be the primary driver for the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Finke
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Nicola Winkelbeiner
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Kristina Lossow
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 24, Jena, 07743, Germany.,German Institute of Human Nutrition, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Barbara Hertel
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Viktoria K Wandt
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Schwarz
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 24, Jena, 07743, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pohl
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Johannes F Kopp
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Ebert
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Anna P Kipp
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 24, Jena, 07743, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany.,German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
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26
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Billing AM, Knudsen KB, Chetwynd AJ, Ellis LJA, Tang SVY, Berthing T, Wallin H, Lynch I, Vogel U, Kjeldsen F. Fast and Robust Proteome Screening Platform Identifies Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in the Lung in Response to Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4096-4110. [PMID: 32167280 PMCID: PMC7498156 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite broad application of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine and electronics, only a few in vivo studies on biocompatibility are available. In this study, toxicity of magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles on the respiratory system was examined in vivo by single intratracheal instillation in mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected for proteome analyses by LC-MS/MS, testing Fe3O4 nanoparticles doped with increasing amounts of cobalt (Fe3O4, CoFe2O4 with an iron to cobalt ratio 5:1, 3:1, 1:3, Co3O4) at two doses (54 μg, 162 μg per animal) and two time points (day 1 and 3 days postinstillation). In discovery phase, in-depth proteome profiling of a few representative samples allowed for comprehensive pathway analyses. Clustering of the 681 differentially expressed proteins (FDR < 0.05) revealed general as well as metal oxide specific responses with an overall strong induction of innate immunity and activation of the complement system. The highest expression increase could be found for a cluster of 39 proteins, which displayed strong dose-dependency to iron oxide and can be attributed to neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. In-depth proteome analysis expanded the knowledge of in vivo NET formation. During screening, all BALF samples of the study (n = 166) were measured label-free as single-injections after a short gradient (21 min) LC separation using the Evosep One system, validating the findings from the discovery and defining protein signatures which enable discrimination of lung inflammation. We demonstrate a proteomics-based toxicity screening with high sample throughput easily transferrable to other nanoparticle types. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD016148.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M. Billing
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Kristina B. Knudsen
- National
Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Andrew J. Chetwynd
- School
of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Laura-Jayne A. Ellis
- School
of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Trine Berthing
- National
Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National
Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School
of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National
Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department
of Health Technology, Technical University
of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Frank Kjeldsen
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
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27
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Martins C, Costa PM. Technical Updates to the Comet Assay In Vivo for Assessing DNA Damage in Zebrafish Embryos from Fresh and Frozen Cell Suspensions. Zebrafish 2020; 17:220-228. [PMID: 32240067 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis, simply known as the Comet assay, is a sensitive and quick technique used to quantitate DNA damage, widely used to assess the effects of genotoxicants and mutagens in animal cells. Still, performing the assay on peripheral or cultured cells is far more expeditious and cost effective than solid tissue, especially from small biological model like the zebrafish embryo. The current work describes and validates a highly cost-effective protocol of the updated Comet assay designed for zebrafish embryos. Compared with the few previous applications of the Comet assay on this biological model, the present method successfully simplifies the process of cell harvesting and resuspending, producing a much higher yield of viable nucleoids with reduced basal DNA damage, even from a small number of embryos, and compatible with scoring with safe fluorescent dyes. Additionally, the protocol can be just as easily performed on freshly harvested cells of cells frozen in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-containing physiological buffer, without a significant increase of DNA damage, which is another highly relevant update, especially for researchers handling high numbers of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Martins
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Costa
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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28
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Hobbs CA, Recio L, Winters J, Witt KL. Use of Frozen Tissue in the Comet Assay for the Evaluation of DNA Damage. J Vis Exp 2020:10.3791/59955. [PMID: 32281969 PMCID: PMC9969981 DOI: 10.3791/59955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The comet assay is gaining popularity as a means to assess DNA damage in cultured cells and tissues, particularly following exposure to chemicals or other environmental stressors. Use of the comet assay in regulatory testing for genotoxic potential in rodents has been driven by adoption of an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline in 2014. Comet assay slides are typically prepared from fresh tissue at the time of necropsy; however, freezing tissue samples can avoid logistical challenges associated with simultaneous preparation of slides from multiple organs per animal and from many animals per study. Freezing also enables shipping samples from the exposure facility to a different laboratory for analysis, and storage of frozen tissue facilitates deferring a decision to generate DNA damage data for a given organ. The alkaline comet assay is useful for detecting exposure-related DNA double- and single-strand breaks, alkali-labile lesions, and strand breaks associated with incomplete DNA excision repair. However, DNA damage can also result from mechanical shearing or improper sample processing procedures, confounding the results of the assay. Reproducibility in collection and processing of tissue samples during necropsies may be difficult to control due to fluctuating laboratory personnel with varying levels of experience in harvesting tissues for the comet assay. Enhancing consistency through refresher training or deployment of mobile units staffed with experienced laboratory personnel is costly and may not always be feasible. To optimize consistent generation of high quality samples for comet assay analysis, a method for homogenizing flash frozen cubes of tissue using a customized tissue mincing device was evaluated. Samples prepared for the comet assay by this method compared favorably in quality to fresh and frozen tissue samples prepared by mincing during necropsy. Moreover, low baseline DNA damage was measured in cells from frozen cubes of tissue following prolonged storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie Recio
- Toxicology Program, ILS, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - John Winters
- Toxicology Program, ILS, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Kristine L. Witt
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
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29
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Hadrup N, Saber AT, Kyjovska ZO, Jacobsen NR, Vippola M, Sarlin E, Ding Y, Schmid O, Wallin H, Jensen KA, Vogel U. Pulmonary toxicity of Fe 2O 3, ZnFe 2O 4, NiFe 2O 4 and NiZnFe 4O 8 nanomaterials: Inflammation and DNA strand breaks. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 74:103303. [PMID: 31794919 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to metal oxide nanomaterials potentially occurs at the workplace. We investigated the toxicity of two Fe-oxides: Fe2O3 nanoparticles and nanorods; and three MFe2O4 spinels: NiZnFe4O8, ZnFe2O4, and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. Mice were dosed 14, 43 or 128 μg by intratracheal instillation. Recovery periods were 1, 3, or 28 days. Inflammation - neutrophil influx into bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid - occurred for Fe2O3 rods (1 day), ZnFe2O4 (1, 3 days), NiFe2O4 (1, 3, 28 days), Fe2O3 (28 days) and NiZnFe4O8 (28 days). Conversion of mass-dose into specific surface-area-dose showed that inflammation correlated with deposited surface area and consequently, all these nanomaterials belong to the so-called low-solubility, low-toxicity class. Increased levels of DNA strand breaks were observed for both Fe2O3 particles and rods, in BAL cells three days post-exposure. To our knowledge, this is, besides magnetite (Fe3O4), the first study of the pulmonary toxicity of MFe2O4 spinel nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Anne T Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Zdenka O Kyjovska
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Minnamari Vippola
- Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Tampere University, P.O.Box 589, 33014 Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Essi Sarlin
- Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Tampere University, P.O.Box 589, 33014 Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Yaobo Ding
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Keld A Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Danish Technical University (DTU), DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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30
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Barfod KK, Bendtsen KM, Berthing T, Koivisto AJ, Poulsen SS, Segal E, Verleysen E, Mast J, Holländer A, Jensen KA, Hougaard KS, Vogel U. Increased surface area of halloysite nanotubes due to surface modification predicts lung inflammation and acute phase response after pulmonary exposure in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:103266. [PMID: 31707308 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological potential of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and variants after functional alterations to surface area are not clear. We assessed the toxicological response to HNTs (NaturalNano (NN)) before and after surface etching (NN-etched). Potential cytotoxicity of the two HNTs was screened in vitro in MutaTMMouse lung epithelial cells. Lung inflammation, acute phase response and genotoxicity were assessed 1, 3, and 28 days after a single intratracheal instillation of adult female C57BL/6 J BomTac mice. The doses were 6, 18 or 54 μg of HNTs, compared to vehicle controls and the Carbon black NP (Printex 90) of 162 μg/mouse. The cellular composition of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was determined as a measure of lung inflammation. The pulmonary and hepatic acute phase responses were assessed by Serumamyloida mRNA levels in lung and liver tissue by real-time quantitative PCR. Pulmonary and systemic genotoxicity were analyzed by the alkaline comet assay as DNA strand breaks in BAL cells, lung and liver tissue. The etched HNT (NN-etched) had 4-5 times larger BET surface area than the unmodified HNT (NN). Instillation of NN-etched at the highest dose induced influx of neutrophils into the lungs at all time points and increased Saa3 mRNA levels in lung tissue on day 1 and 3 after exposure. No genotoxicity was observed at any time point. In conclusion, functionalization by etching increased BET surface area of the studied NN and enhanced pulmonary inflammatory toxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Klingenberg Barfod
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1014, Denmark
| | - Katja Maria Bendtsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Antti Joonas Koivisto
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | | | - Jan Mast
- Sciensano, Groeselenbergstraat 99, 1180, Uccle, Belgium
| | - Andreas Holländer
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1014, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
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31
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Danielsen PH, Knudsen KB, Štrancar J, Umek P, Koklič T, Garvas M, Vanhala E, Savukoski S, Ding Y, Madsen AM, Jacobsen NR, Weydahl IK, Berthing T, Poulsen SS, Schmid O, Wolff H, Vogel U. Effects of physicochemical properties of TiO 2 nanomaterials for pulmonary inflammation, acute phase response and alveolar proteinosis in intratracheally exposed mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 386:114830. [PMID: 31734322 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterial (NM) characteristics may affect the pulmonary toxicity and inflammatory response, including specific surface area, size, shape, crystal phase or other surface characteristics. Grouping of TiO2 in hazard assessment might be challenging because of variation in physicochemical properties. We exposed C57BL/6 J mice to a single dose of four anatase TiO2 NMs with various sizes and shapes by intratracheal instillation and assessed the pulmonary toxicity 1, 3, 28, 90 or 180 days post-exposure. The quartz DQ12 was included as benchmark particle. Pulmonary responses were evaluated by histopathology, electron microscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cell composition and acute phase response. Genotoxicity was evaluated by DNA strand break levels in BAL cells, lung and liver in the comet assay. Multiple regression analyses were applied to identify specific TiO2 NMs properties important for the pulmonary inflammation and acute phase response. The TiO2 NMs induced similar inflammatory responses when surface area was used as dose metrics, although inflammatory and acute phase response was greatest and more persistent for the TiO2 tube. Similar histopathological changes were observed for the TiO2 tube and DQ12 including pulmonary alveolar proteinosis indicating profound effects related to the tube shape. Comparison with previously published data on rutile TiO2 NMs indicated that rutile TiO2 NMs were more inflammogenic in terms of neutrophil influx than anatase TiO2 NMs when normalized to total deposited surface area. Overall, the results suggest that specific surface area, crystal phase and shape of TiO2 NMs are important predictors for the observed pulmonary effects of TiO2 NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Esa Vanhala
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Yaobo Ding
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Mette Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | | | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University, Department of Pathology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Application of the comet assay in human biomonitoring: An hCOMET perspective. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 783:108288. [PMID: 32192646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay is a well-accepted biomonitoring tool to examine the effect of dietary, lifestyle, environmental and occupational exposure on levels of DNA damage in human cells. With such a wide range of determinants for DNA damage levels, it becomes challenging to deal with confounding and certain factors are inter-related (e.g. poor nutritional intake may correlate with smoking status). This review describes the effect of intrinsic (i.e. sex, age, tobacco smoking, occupational exposure and obesity) and extrinsic (season, environmental exposures, diet, physical activity and alcohol consumption) factors on the level of DNA damage measured by the standard or enzyme-modified comet assay. Although each factor influences at least one comet assay endpoint, the collective evidence does not indicate single factors have a large impact. Thus, controlling for confounding may be necessary in a biomonitoring study, but none of the factors is strong enough to be regarded a priori as a confounder. Controlling for confounding in the comet assay requires a case-by-case approach. Inter-laboratory variation in levels of DNA damage and to some extent also reproducibility in biomonitoring studies are issues that have haunted the users of the comet assay for years. Procedures to collect specimens, and their storage, are not standardized. Likewise, statistical issues related to both sample-size calculation (before sampling of specimens) and statistical analysis of the results vary between studies. This review gives guidance to statistical analysis of the typically complex exposure, co-variate, and effect relationships in human biomonitoring studies.
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Genotoxicity assessment of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in human embryonic stem cells. Epilepsy Res 2019; 158:106232. [PMID: 31707315 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are administrated during pregnancy according to recent therapeutic protocols. Ten percent of pregnant women with epilepsy give birth to offspring with malformations and teratogenic defects. Since the mechanism of action of AEDs is not yet completely understood, therefore, it could be hypothesized that they may cause cyto- or genotoxicity in embryonic fetus cells. To investigate this hypothesis, the genotoxicity and cell survival of AEDs treated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were investigated by single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) and MTS assay, respectively. HESCs (Royan H6 cell line) were treated in-vitro with high therapeutic doses of Carbamazepine, Gabapentin, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam or Topiramate as monotherapy or combination therapy of each drug with Folic acid. After hESCs pluripotency confirmation, the effect of AEDs on cellular DNA damage of hESCs was investigated. levetiracetam and topiramate were found to damage the DNA significantly compared to untreated cells. The amount of DNA damage produced by carbamazepine and lamotrigine was similar while for gabapentin, the amount of DNA migration was very low and produced less DNA damage than the others. A considerable reduction in DNA damages occurred in genotoxicity in the presence of Folic acid in comparison to AEDs monotherapies. According to our results, all mentioned AEDs caused DNA damage, while Levetiracetam and topiramate caused more extensive DNA damages than the others. Noticeably, the addition of Folic acid to the treated cells decreased the DNA damages considerably.
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Samak MA, Elshatory A, Mohamed EM. Outcomes of Gallic Acid on Alternariol Induced Cyto-Morphic and Genotoxic In Vivo Changes in Parotid Gland: 4-HNE Incorporated. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7040084. [PMID: 31717852 PMCID: PMC6966541 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria toxins are emerging mycotoxins that gained considerable interest with increasing evidence of their existence and toxicological properties. There is limited research and insufficient data about their in vivo hazardous effects. We designed this study to evaluate histopathological and genotoxic in vivo impacts of alternariol (AOH) on the parotid gland as well as to assess the competency of gallic acid (GA) in reversing these effects. Forty healthy adult male Wister rats were utilized and assigned equally on control, GA, alternariol and AOH+ gallic treated groups. Parotid gland samples from experimental groups were collected and then examined for histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination for 4-hydroxynonenal “4-HNE as lipid peroxidation marker” as well as Comet assay for DNA damage. Additionally, parotid tissue homogenates were tested for catalase “CAT”, superoxide dismutase “SOD” and malondialdehyde “MDA” levels. Our data proved that alternariol produced various histopathological and ultrastructural alterations of parotid acini as well as significant DNA damage, significant reduction of CAT and SOD enzymatic activity and significant boosting of 4-HNE immunohistochemical expression and MDA levels as compared to control group. On the other hand, gallic acid administration almost restored histological and ultrastructural parotid architecture, 4-HNE immune-expression and biochemical levels. Ultimately, we demonstrated alternariol-induced histopathological and genotoxic alterations on parotid gland as well as the competency of gallic acid in reversing these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A. Samak
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +02-0100-620-7209
| | - Ahmed Elshatory
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
| | - Eman M. Mohamed
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
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Applying the comet assay to fresh vs frozen animal solid tissues: A technical approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 132:110671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hadrup N, Rahmani F, Jacobsen NR, Saber AT, Jackson P, Bengtson S, Williams A, Wallin H, Halappanavar S, Vogel U. Acute phase response and inflammation following pulmonary exposure to low doses of zinc oxide nanoparticles in mice. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:1275-1292. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1654004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feriel Rahmani
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Anne T. Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petra Jackson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Bengtson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Håkan Wallin
- Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Bendtsen KM, Brostrøm A, Koivisto AJ, Koponen I, Berthing T, Bertram N, Kling KI, Dal Maso M, Kangasniemi O, Poikkimäki M, Loeschner K, Clausen PA, Wolff H, Jensen KA, Saber AT, Vogel U. Airport emission particles: exposure characterization and toxicity following intratracheal instillation in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:23. [PMID: 31182125 PMCID: PMC6558896 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the exposure levels and adverse health effects of occupational exposure to airplane emissions. Diesel exhaust particles are classified as carcinogenic to humans and jet engines produce potentially similar soot particles. Here, we evaluated the potential occupational exposure risk by analyzing particles from a non-commercial airfield and from the apron of a commercial airport. Toxicity of the collected particles was evaluated alongside NIST standard reference diesel exhaust particles (NIST2975) in terms of acute phase response, pulmonary inflammation, and genotoxicity after single intratracheal instillation in mice. RESULTS Particle exposure levels were up to 1 mg/m3 at the non-commercial airfield. Particulate matter from the non-commercial airfield air consisted of primary and aggregated soot particles, whereas commercial airport sampling resulted in a more heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds including salt, pollen and soot, reflecting the complex occupational exposure at an apron. The particle contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals were similar to the content in NIST2975. Mice were exposed to doses 6, 18 and 54 μg alongside carbon black (Printex 90) and NIST2975 and euthanized after 1, 28 or 90 days. Dose-dependent increases in total number of cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were observed on day 1 post-exposure for all particles. Lymphocytes were increased for all four particle types on 28 days post-exposure as well as for neutrophil influx for jet engine particles and carbon black nanoparticles. Increased Saa3 mRNA levels in lung tissue and increased SAA3 protein levels in plasma were observed on day 1 post-exposure. Increased levels of DNA strand breaks in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and liver tissue were observed for both particles, at single dose levels across doses and time points. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary exposure of mice to particles collected at two airports induced acute phase response, inflammation, and genotoxicity similar to standard diesel exhaust particles and carbon black nanoparticles, suggesting similar physicochemical properties and toxicity of jet engine particles and diesel exhaust particles. Given this resemblance as well as the dose-response relationship between diesel exhaust exposure and lung cancer, occupational exposure to jet engine emissions at the two airports should be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Maria Bendtsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Brostrøm
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building 307, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Antti Joonas Koivisto
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ismo Koponen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- FORCE Technology, Park Allé 345, 2605 Brøndby, Denmark
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Bertram
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Inga Kling
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building 307, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Miikka Dal Maso
- Aerosol Physics, Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 527, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Oskari Kangasniemi
- Aerosol Physics, Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 527, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Poikkimäki
- Aerosol Physics, Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 527, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Nano-Bio Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 201, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032, Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Thoustrup Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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Gaté L, Knudsen KB, Seidel C, Berthing T, Chézeau L, Jacobsen NR, Valentino S, Wallin H, Bau S, Wolff H, Sébillaud S, Lorcin M, Grossmann S, Viton S, Nunge H, Darne C, Vogel U, Cosnier F. Pulmonary toxicity of two different multi-walled carbon nanotubes in rat: Comparison between intratracheal instillation and inhalation exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 375:17-31. [PMID: 31075343 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which vary in length, diameter, functionalization and specific surface area, are used in diverse industrial processes. Since these nanomaterials have a high aspect ratio and are biopersistant in the lung, there is a need for a rapid identification of their potential health hazard. We assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats the pulmonary toxicity of two pristine MWCNTs (the "long and thick" NM-401 and the "short and thin" NM-403) following either intratracheal instillation or 4-week inhalation in order to gain insights into the predictability and intercomparability of the two methods. The deposited doses following inhalation were lower than the instilled doses. Both types of carbon nanotube induced pulmonary neutrophil influx using both exposure methods. This influx correlated with deposited surface area across MWCNT types and means of exposure at two different time points, 1-3 days and 28-30 days post-exposure. Increased levels of DNA damage were observed across doses and time points for both exposure methods, but no dose-response relationship was observed. Intratracheal instillation of NM-401 induced fibrosis at the highest dose while lower lung deposited doses obtained by inhalation did not induce such lung pathology. No fibrosis was observed following NM-403 exposure. When the deposited dose was taken into account, sub-acute inhalation and a single instillation of NM-401 and NM-403 produced very similar inflammation and DNA damage responses. Our data suggest that the dose-dependent inflammatory responses observed after intratracheal instillation and inhalation of MWCNTs are similar and were predicted by the deposited surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gaté
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | | | - Carole Seidel
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Laëtitia Chézeau
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | | | - Sarah Valentino
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sébastien Bau
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sylvie Sébillaud
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Mylène Lorcin
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Grossmann
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Viton
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Hervé Nunge
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Christian Darne
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Frédéric Cosnier
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, F-54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
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Magnusson P, Dziendzikowska K, Oczkowski M, Øvrevik J, Eide DM, Brunborg G, Gutzkow KB, Instanes C, Gajewska M, Wilczak J, Sapierzynski R, Kamola D, Królikowski T, Kruszewski M, Lankoff A, Mruk R, Duale N, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J, Myhre O. Lung effects of 7- and 28-day inhalation exposure of rats to emissions from 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel fuels with and without particle filter - The FuelHealth project. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 67:8-20. [PMID: 30685595 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increased use of 1st and 2nd generation biofuels raises concerns about health effects of new emissions. We analyzed cellular and molecular lung effects in Fisher 344 rats exposed to diesel engine exhaust emissions (DEE) from a Euro 5-classified diesel engine running on B7: petrodiesel fuel containing 7% fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), or SHB20 (synthetic hydrocarbon biofuel): petrodiesel fuel containing 7% FAME and 13% hydrogenated vegetable oil. The Fisher 344 rats were exposed for 7 consecutive days (6 h/day) or 28 days (6 h/day, 5 days/week), both with and without diesel particle filter (DPF) treatment of the exhaust in whole body exposure chambers (n = 7/treatment). Histological analysis and analysis of cytokines and immune cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) did not reveal adverse pulmonary effects after exposure to DEE from B7 or SHB20 fuel. Significantly different gene expression levels for B7 compared to SHB20 indicate disturbed redox signaling (Cat, Hmox1), beta-adrenergic signaling (Adrb2) and xenobiotic metabolism (Cyp1a1). Exhaust filtration induced higher expression of redox genes (Cat, Gpx2) and the chemokine gene Cxcl7 compared to non-filtered exhaust. Exposure time (7 versus 28 days) also resulted in different patterns of lung gene expression. No genotoxic effects in the lungs were observed. Overall, exposure to B7 or SHB20 emissions suggests only minor effects in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål Magnusson
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | | | - Michał Oczkowski
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Dag M Eide
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Kristine B Gutzkow
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Christine Instanes
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | | | - Jacek Wilczak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Rafał Sapierzynski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kamola
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Tomasz Królikowski
- Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Mruk
- Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Nur Duale
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | | | - Oddvar Myhre
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway.
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Pinheiro JPS, Assis CBD, Muñoz-Peñuela M, Barbosa Júnior F, Correia TG, Moreira RG. Water temperature and acid pH influence the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aluminum in the freshwater teleost Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei: Characidae). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:266-274. [PMID: 30590293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of metals, including aluminum (Al), can be potentiated by temperature and acid pH, a concern in view of the current global warming scenario. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioconcentration of Al in the testes and semen of Astyanax altiparanae and the potential of this metal, at different environmental temperatures and acid pH, to cause cytotoxicity and genotocixity in erythrocytes and spermatozoa. A. altiparanae males were divided into nine experimental groups: at each of three different water temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C), the fish were exposed to a neutral pH, an acid pH and acidic water containing Al (0.5 mg.L-1). The fish were subjected to subacute, semi-static exposure and sampled at 24 and 96 h. After each exposure period the comet assay (blood and semen) and micronucleus test (blood) were performed. Bioconcentration of Al was evaluated in the testes and semen. Exposure time and temperature influenced the Al bioconcentration pattern in the testes. Al concentration in the semen was higher in fish exposed at 20 and 25 °C (24 h). The DNA fragmentation score for the semen and blood was higher in fish exposed to Al at 20 (24 h) and 30 °C (96 h). The frequency of nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes was higher in the group exposed to Al at 30 °C (96 h). It was concluded that Al bioconcentrates in the testes and semen of A. altiparanae at different temperatures and is potentially cytotoxic and genotoxic to erythrocytes and spermatozoa in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Silva Pinheiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cecília Bertacini de Assis
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Muñoz-Peñuela
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Barbosa Júnior
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Café Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Gabriel Correia
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Biological Sciences Course, Juscelino Kubitschek Highway, Km 02 - Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP, Brazil.
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Hadrup N, Knudsen KB, Berthing T, Wolff H, Bengtson S, Kofoed C, Espersen R, Højgaard C, Winther JR, Willemoës M, Wedin I, Nuopponen M, Alenius H, Norppa H, Wallin H, Vogel U. Pulmonary effects of nanofibrillated celluloses in mice suggest that carboxylation lowers the inflammatory and acute phase responses. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 66:116-125. [PMID: 30665014 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We studied if the pulmonary and systemic toxicity of nanofibrillated celluloses can be reduced by carboxylation. Nanofibrillated celluloses administered at 6 or 18 μg to mice by intratracheal instillation were: 1) FINE NFC, 2-20 μm in length, 2-15 nm in width, 2) AS (-COOH), carboxylated, 0.5-10 μm in length, 4-10 nm in width, containing the biocide BIM MC4901 and 3) BIOCID FINE NFC: as (1) but containing BIM MC4901. FINE NFC administration increased neutrophil influx in BAL and induced SAA3 in plasma. AS (-COOH) produced lower neutrophil influx and systemic SAA3 levels than FINE NFC. Results obtained with BIOCID FINE NFC suggested that BIM MC4901 biocide did not explain the lowered response. Increased DNA damage levels were observed across materials, doses and time points. In conclusion, carboxylation of nanofibrillated cellulose was associated with reduced pulmonary and systemic toxicity, suggesting involvement of OH groups in the inflammatory and acute phase responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Kristina Bram Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), P.O. Box 40, 00032, Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Stefan Bengtson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Christian Kofoed
- Section for Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Roall Espersen
- Section for Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Casper Højgaard
- Section for Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Rahr Winther
- Section for Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Martin Willemoës
- Section for Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Harri Alenius
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
| | - Hannu Norppa
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), P.O. Box 40, 00032, Työterveyslaitos, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), 105 Lersø Parkallé, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Danish Technical University (DTU), DK-2800, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark.
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Anderson D, Najafzadeh M, Scally A, Jacob B, Griffith J, Chaha R, Linforth R, Soussaline M, Soussaline F. Using a Modified Lymphocyte Genome Sensitivity (LGS) test or TumorScan test to detect cancer at an early stage in each individual. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:32-39. [PMID: 32123810 PMCID: PMC6996311 DOI: 10.1096/fba.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous case-control study observed isolated lymphocytes from 208 individuals and determined the differences in the sensitivity to genomic damage of lymphocytes derived from cancer patients, pre/suspect cancer patients and healthy volunteers using the Comet assay (Anderson et al, 2014). We adapted the LGS technique using a slightly different method and examined 700 more blood samples from 598 patients with cancer or suspected cancer and 102 healthy individuals. To help increase the sensitivity of the test and detect cancer at the level of each individual, we joined with the IMSTAR team who analysed our cells with their fully automated Pathfinder™ cell reader-analyser system. With this reading and analysis system 4,000 to 10,000 cells were able to be read per slide. The new test which is called TumorScan is a highly sensitive test to detect any cancer at an early stage through the response of the white blood cells to UV treatment. These patient blood samples have also been collected at the stage before confirming diagnosis and treatment. There were four of these individuals with cancer who had received anti-cancer treatment. The results from these patients showed a reverse pattern compared to non-treated cancer patients and followed the pattern seen in healthy individuals. The results are consistent with the early results as reported in the above 2014 paper. Given the results from these samples were in a particularly challenging subgroup, whose cancer status was difficult to distinguish, the data suggest that the technique using the TumorScan system could exceed the area under the ROC curve >93% obtained in the earlier study on a group basis, whereas this present study was to detect cancer at an early stage in each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Scally
- Faculty of Health StudiesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Badie Jacob
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal InfirmaryBradfordUK
| | - John Griffith
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal InfirmaryBradfordUK
| | - Rohit Chaha
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal InfirmaryBradfordUK
| | - Richard Linforth
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal InfirmaryBradfordUK
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Hadrup N, Bengtson S, Jacobsen NR, Jackson P, Nocun M, Saber AT, Jensen KA, Wallin H, Vogel U. Influence of dispersion medium on nanomaterial-induced pulmonary inflammation and DNA strand breaks: investigation of carbon black, carbon nanotubes and three titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Mutagenesis 2018; 32:581-597. [PMID: 29301028 PMCID: PMC5907907 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratracheal instillation serves as a model for inhalation exposure. However, for this, materials are dispersed in appropriate media that may influence toxicity. We tested whether different intratracheal instillation dispersion media influence the pulmonary toxicity of different nanomaterials. Rodents were intratracheally instilled with 162 µg/mouse/1620 µg/rat carbon black (CB), 67 µg/mouse titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) or 54 µg/mouse carbon nanotubes (CNT). The dispersion media were as follows: water (CB, TiO2); 2% serum in water (CB, CNT, TiO2); 0.05% serum albumin in water (CB, CNT, TiO2); 10% bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 0.9% NaCl (CB), 10% bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in water (CB) or 0.1% Tween-80 in water (CB). Inflammation was measured as pulmonary influx of neutrophils into bronchoalveolar fluid, and DNA damage as DNA strand breaks in BAL cells by comet assay. Inflammation was observed for all nanomaterials (except 38-nm TiO2) in all dispersion media. For CB, inflammation was dispersion medium dependent. Increased levels of DNA strand breaks for CB were observed only in water, 2% serum and 10% BAL fluid in 0.9% NaCl. No dispersion medium-dependent effects on genotoxicity were observed for TiO2, whereas CNT in 2% serum induced higher DNA strand break levels than in 0.05% serum albumin. In conclusion, the dispersion medium was a determinant of CB-induced inflammation and genotoxicity. Water seemed to be the best dispersion medium to mimic CB inhalation, exhibiting DNA strand breaks with only limited inflammation. The influence of dispersion media on nanomaterial toxicity should be considered in the planning of intratracheal investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Bengtson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petra Jackson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marek Nocun
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anne T Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Keld A Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biological and Chemical Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé, DK Copenhagen, Denmark
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44
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Bessa MJ, Brandão F, Querido MM, Costa C, Pereira CC, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B, Carriere M, Teixeira JP, Fraga S. Optimization of the harvesting and freezing conditions of human cell lines for DNA damage analysis by the alkaline comet assay. Mutat Res 2018; 845:402994. [PMID: 31561887 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay is a commonly used method for in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assessment. This versatile assay can be performed in a wide range of tissues and cell types. Although most of the studies use samples immediately processed after collection, frozen biological samples can also be used. The present study aimed to optimize a collection and freezing protocol to minimize the DNA damage associated with these procedures in human cell line samples for comet assay analysis. This study was conducted in glial A172 and lung alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Two cell detachment methods (mechanical vs enzymatic) and two cryoprotective media [FBS + 10% DMSO vs Cell Culture Media (CCM) + 10% DMSO] were tested, and DNA damage assessed at four time points following storage at -80 °C (one, two, four and eight weeks). In both cell lines, no differences in % tail intensity were detected between fresh and frozen cells up to eight weeks, irrespective of the harvesting method and freezing medium used. However, freshly isolated A172 cells exhibited a significant lower DNA damage when resuspended in CCM + 10% DMSO, while for A549 fresh cells the preferable harvesting method was the enzymatic one since it induced less DNA damage. Although both harvesting methods and cryoprotective media tested were found suitable, our data indicate that enzymatic harvesting and cryopreservation in CCM + 10% DMSO is a preferable method for DNA integrity preservation of human cell line samples for comet assay analysis. Our data also suggest that CCM is a preferable and cost-effective alternative to FBS in cryopreservation media. This optimized protocol allows the analysis of in vitro cell samples collected and frozen at different locations, with minimal interference on the basal DNA strand break levels in samples kept frozen up to eight weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Bessa
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fátima Brandão
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Micaela Machado Querido
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carla Costa
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristiana Costa Pereira
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Coruña, Spain.
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Universidade da Coruña, DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, Coruña, Spain.
| | - Marie Carriere
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC-SyMMES, Chimie Interface Biologie pour l'Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST), France.
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Fraga
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Porto, Portugal.
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45
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Knudsen KB, Berthing T, Jackson P, Poulsen SS, Mortensen A, Jacobsen NR, Skaug V, Szarek J, Hougaard KS, Wolff H, Wallin H, Vogel U. Physicochemical predictors of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-induced pulmonary histopathology and toxicity one year after pulmonary deposition of 11 different Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 124:211-227. [PMID: 30168672 PMCID: PMC7379927 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are widely used nanomaterials that cause pulmonary toxicity upon inhalation. The physicochemical properties of MWCNT vary greatly, which makes general safety evaluation challenging to conduct. Identification of the toxicity‐inducing physicochemical properties of MWCNT is therefore of great importance. We have evaluated histological changes in lung tissue 1 year after a single intratracheal instillation of 11 well‐characterized MWCNT in female C57BL/6N BomTac mice. Genotoxicity in liver and spleen was evaluated by the comet assay. The dose of 54 μg MWCNT corresponds to three times the estimated dose accumulated during a work life at a NIOSH recommended exposure limit (0.001 mg/m3). Short and thin MWCNT were observed as agglomerates in lung tissue 1 year after exposure, whereas thicker and longer MWCNT were detected as single fibres, suggesting biopersistence of both types of MWCNT. The thin and entangled MWCNT induced varying degree of pulmonary inflammation, in terms of lymphocytic aggregates, granulomas and macrophage infiltration, whereas two thick and straight MWCNT did not. By multiple regression analysis, larger diameter and higher content of iron predicted less histopathological changes, whereas higher cobalt content significantly predicted more histopathological changes. No MWCNT‐related fibrosis or tumours in the lungs or pleura was found. One thin and entangled MWCNT induced increased levels of DNA strand breaks in liver; however, no physicochemical properties could be related to genotoxicity. This study reveals physicochemical‐dependent difference in MWCNT‐induced long‐term, pulmonary histopathological changes. Identification of diameter size and cobalt content as important for MWCNT toxicity provides clues for designing MWCNT, which cause reduced human health effects following pulmonary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Trine Berthing
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Petra Jackson
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sarah S Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Vidar Skaug
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Józef Szarek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karin S Hougaard
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, DTU, Lyngby, Denmark
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46
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Enciso JM, López de Cerain A, Pastor L, Azqueta A, Vettorazzi A. Is oxidative stress involved in the sex-dependent response to ochratoxin A renal toxicity? Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:379-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Saber AT, Mortensen A, Szarek J, Jacobsen NR, Levin M, Koponen IK, Jensen KA, Vogel U, Wallin H. Toxicity of pristine and paint-embedded TiO 2 nanomaterials. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:11-24. [PMID: 29766753 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118774910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known on the toxicity of nanomaterials in the user phase. Inclusion of nanomaterials in paints is a common nanotechnology application. This study focuses on the toxicity of dusts from sanding of paints containing nanomaterials. We compared the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2NMs) and dusts generated by sanding boards coated with paints with different amounts of two different types of uncoated TiO2NMs (diameters:10.5 nm and 38 nm). Mice were intratracheally instilled with a single dose of 18, 54 and 162 µg of TiO2NMs or 54, 162 and 486 µg of sanding dusts. At 1, 3 and 28 days post-instillation, we evaluated pulmonary inflammation, liver histology and DNA damage in lung and liver. Pulmonary exposure to both pristine TiO2NMs and sanding dusts with different types of TiO2NMs resulted in dose-dependently increased influx of neutrophils into the lung lumen. There was no difference between the sanding dusts from the two paints. For all exposures but not in vehicle controls, mild histological lesions were observed in the liver. Pulmonary exposure to pristine TiO2NMs and paint dusts with TiO2NMs caused similar type of histological lesions in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Saber
- 1 The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Mortensen
- 1 The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Szarek
- 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - N R Jacobsen
- 1 The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Levin
- 1 The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I K Koponen
- 1 The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K A Jensen
- 1 The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - U Vogel
- 1 The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,3 Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - H Wallin
- 1 The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,4 Present address: National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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48
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PARP-1 protects against colorectal tumor induction, but promotes inflammation-driven colorectal tumor progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4061-E4070. [PMID: 29632181 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712345115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumor entities, which is causally linked to DNA repair defects and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we studied the role of the DNA repair protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in CRC. Tissue microarray analysis revealed PARP-1 overexpression in human CRC, correlating with disease progression. To elucidate its function in CRC, PARP-1 deficient (PARP-1-/-) and wild-type animals (WT) were subjected to azoxymethane (AOM)/ dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. Miniendoscopy showed significantly more tumors in WT than in PARP-1-/- mice. Although the lack of PARP-1 moderately increased DNA damage, both genotypes exhibited comparable levels of AOM-induced autophagy and cell death. Interestingly, miniendoscopy revealed a higher AOM/DSS-triggered intestinal inflammation in WT animals, which was associated with increased levels of innate immune cells and proinflammatory cytokines. Tumors in WT animals were more aggressive, showing higher levels of STAT3 activation and cyclin D1 up-regulation. PARP-1-/- animals were then crossed with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-deficient animals hypersensitive to AOM. Intriguingly, PARP-1-/-/MGMT-/- double knockout (DKO) mice developed more, but much smaller tumors than MGMT-/- animals. In contrast to MGMT-deficient mice, DKO animals showed strongly reduced AOM-dependent colonic cell death despite similar O6-methylguanine levels. Studies with PARP-1-/- cells provided evidence for increased alkylation-induced DNA strand break formation when MGMT was inhibited, suggesting a role of PARP-1 in the response to O6-methylguanine adducts. Our findings reveal PARP-1 as a double-edged sword in colorectal carcinogenesis, which suppresses tumor initiation following DNA alkylation in a MGMT-dependent manner, but promotes inflammation-driven tumor progression.
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49
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Gardner S, Cline G, Mwebi N, Rayburn J. Natural tissue concentrations in adult Ambystoma maculatum and larval DNA damage from exposure to arsenic and chromium. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:512-524. [PMID: 29617195 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1455611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) are two contaminants that are detected in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Using the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum, to assess impacts from these contaminants may be advantageous as adults live and breed in such environments. Adult amphibians typically exhibit elevated tissue concentrations of contaminants present in their environment, while larval stages were found to exhibit increased sensitivity to pollutants. From January through March of 2015, during the spring breeding season, 5 adults and approximately 32 egg masses were collected from a local breeding site. Field levels of As and Cr ranged from 5.99 to 8.88 µg/L and 1.45 to 2 µg/L, respectively, while mean adult As tissue concentrations were 56.74 µg/g dry weight for heart, 0.92 µg/g for liver, and 1.21 µg/g for tail tissue. Mean tissue concentrations for Cr were 87.64 µg/g for heart, 1.47 µg/g for liver, and 6.92 µg/g for tail. Developing larvae that were collected from the field and exposed in a lab setting for 12 d to 0.2 or 20 mg/L of either As or Cr displayed little DNA damage attributed to As, but marked damage due to exposure to 20 mg/L Cr when assessed using the comet assay. Exposure to a mixture of either 0.25:0.1 or 25:10 mg/L As and Cr resulted in significant DNA damage at the lower concentration of 0.25:0.1 mg/L. As adult spotted salamanders were found to possess high concentrations of these contaminants in cardiac tissue, and larvae were shown to be susceptible to DNA damage from increased exposures, assessing impacts and potential declines of amphibian populations exposed to As and Cr is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Gardner
- a Department of Biology , Jacksonville State University , Jacksonville , AL , USA
| | - George Cline
- a Department of Biology , Jacksonville State University , Jacksonville , AL , USA
| | - Nixon Mwebi
- b Department of Chemistry and Geosciences , Jacksonville State University , Jacksonville , AL , USA
| | - James Rayburn
- a Department of Biology , Jacksonville State University , Jacksonville , AL , USA
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50
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Modrzynska J, Berthing T, Ravn-Haren G, Jacobsen NR, Weydahl IK, Loeschner K, Mortensen A, Saber AT, Vogel U. Primary genotoxicity in the liver following pulmonary exposure to carbon black nanoparticles in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:2. [PMID: 29298701 PMCID: PMC5753473 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the mechanism underlying the genotoxicity observed in the liver following pulmonary exposure to carbon black (CB) nanoparticles (NPs). The genotoxicity could be caused by the presence of translocated particles or by circulating inflammatory mediators released during pulmonary inflammation and acute-phase response. To address this, we evaluated induction of pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary and hepatic acute-phase response and genotoxicity following exposure to titanium dioxide (TiO2), cerium oxide (CeO2) or CB NPs. Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed by intratracheal instillation, intravenous injection or oral gavage to a single dose of 162 μg NPs/mouse and terminated 1, 28 or 180 days post-exposure alongside vehicle control. Results Liver DNA damage assessed by the Comet Assay was observed after intravenous injection and intratracheal instillation of CB NPs but not after exposure to TiO2 or CeO2. Intratracheal exposure to NPs resulted in pulmonary inflammation in terms of increased neutrophils influx for all NPs 1 and 28 days post-exposure. Persistent pulmonary acute phase response was detected for all NPs at all three time points while only a transient induction of hepatic acute phase response was observed. All 3 materials were detected in the liver by enhanced darkfield microscopy up to 180 days post-exposure. In contrast to TiO2 and CeO2 NPs, CB NPs generated ROS in an acellular assay. Conclusions Our results suggest that the observed hepatic DNA damage following intravenous and intratracheal dosing with CB NPs was caused by the presence of translocated, ROS-generating, particles detected in the liver rather than by the secondary effects of pulmonary inflammation or hepatic acute phase response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-017-0238-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Modrzynska
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Lyngby, Denmark.,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Trine Berthing
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gitte Ravn-Haren
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Konow Weydahl
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alicja Mortensen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anne Thoustrup Saber
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. .,Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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