1
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Dai XF, Yang YX, Yang BZ. Glycosylation editing: an innovative therapeutic opportunity in precision oncology. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05033-w. [PMID: 38861100 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05033-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is still one of the most arduous challenges in the human society, even though humans have found many ways to try to conquer it. With our incremental understandings on the impact of sugar on human health, the clinical relevance of glycosylation has attracted our attention. The fact that altered glycosylation profiles reflect and define different health statuses provide novel opportunities for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. By reviewing the mechanisms and critical enzymes involved in protein, lipid and glycosylation, as well as current use of glycosylation for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics, we identify the pivotal connection between glycosylation and cellular redox status and, correspondingly, propose the use of redox modulatory tools such as cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in cancer control via glycosylation editing. This paper interrogates the clinical relevance of glycosylation on cancer and has the promise to provide new ideas for laboratory practice of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and precision oncology therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Dai
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Xuan Yang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Zhi Yang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
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2
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Murray M, Davidson L, Ferenbach AT, Lefeber D, van Aalten DMF. Neuroectoderm phenotypes in a human stem cell model of O-GlcNAc transferase associated with intellectual disability. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108492. [PMID: 38759397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the O-GlcNAc transferase gene (OGT) have been associated with a congenital disorder of glycosylation (OGT-CDG), presenting with intellectual disability which may be of neuroectodermal origin. To test the hypothesis that pathology is linked to defects in differentiation during early embryogenesis, we developed an OGT-CDG induced pluripotent stem cell line together with isogenic control generated by CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing. Although the OGT-CDG variant leads to a significant decrease in OGT and O-GlcNAcase protein levels, there were no changes in differentiation potential or stemness. However, differentiation into ectoderm resulted in significant differences in O-GlcNAc homeostasis. Further differentiation to neuronal stem cells revealed differences in morphology between patient and control lines, accompanied by disruption of the O-GlcNAc pathway. This suggests a critical role for O-GlcNAcylation in early neuroectoderm architecture, with robust compensatory mechanisms in the earliest stages of stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Murray
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lindsay Davidson
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew T Ferenbach
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK, Denmark
| | - Dirk Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, NL, the Netherlands
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK, Denmark.
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3
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Umapathi P, Aggarwal A, Zahra F, Narayanan B, Zachara NE. The multifaceted role of intracellular glycosylation in cytoprotection and heart disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107296. [PMID: 38641064 PMCID: PMC11126959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The modification of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins by O-linked β-N-actylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an essential posttranslational modification that is common in metozoans. O-GlcNAc is cycled on and off proteins in response to environmental and physiological stimuli impacting protein function, which, in turn, tunes pathways that include transcription, translation, proteostasis, signal transduction, and metabolism. One class of stimulus that induces rapid and dynamic changes to O-GlcNAc is cellular injury, resulting from environmental stress (for instance, heat shock), hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, ischemia reperfusion injury (heart attack, stroke, trauma hemorrhage), and sepsis. Acute elevation of O-GlcNAc before or after injury reduces apoptosis and necrosis, suggesting that injury-induced changes in O-GlcNAcylation regulate cell fate decisions. However, prolonged elevation or reduction in O-GlcNAc leads to a maladaptive response and is associated with pathologies such as hypertrophy and heart failure. In this review, we discuss the impact of O-GlcNAc in both acute and prolonged models of injury with a focus on the heart and biological mechanisms that underpin cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Umapathi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Akanksha Aggarwal
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fiddia Zahra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bhargavi Narayanan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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4
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Potter SC, Gibbs BE, Hammel FA, Joiner CM, Paulo JA, Janetzko J, Levine ZG, Fei GQ, Haggarty SJ, Walker S. Dissecting OGT's TPR domain to identify determinants of cellular function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401729121. [PMID: 38768345 PMCID: PMC11145291 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401729121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an essential mammalian enzyme that glycosylates myriad intracellular proteins and cleaves the transcriptional coregulator Host Cell Factor 1 to regulate cell cycle processes. Via these catalytic activities as well as noncatalytic protein-protein interactions, OGT maintains cell homeostasis. OGT's tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain is important in substrate recognition, but there is little information on how changing the TPR domain impacts its cellular functions. Here, we investigate how altering OGT's TPR domain impacts cell growth after the endogenous enzyme is deleted. We find that disrupting the TPR residues required for OGT dimerization leads to faster cell growth, whereas truncating the TPR domain slows cell growth. We also find that OGT requires eight of its 13 TPRs to sustain cell viability. OGT-8, like the nonviable shorter OGT variants, is mislocalized and has reduced Ser/Thr glycosylation activity; moreover, its interactions with most of wild-type OGT's binding partners are broadly attenuated. Therefore, although OGT's five N-terminal TPRs are not essential for cell viability, they are required for proper subcellular localization and for mediating many of OGT's protein-protein interactions. Because the viable OGT truncation variant we have identified preserves OGT's essential functions, it may facilitate their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Potter
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Bettine E. Gibbs
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Forrest A. Hammel
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Cassandra M. Joiner
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - John Janetzko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Zebulon G. Levine
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - George Q. Fei
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Suzanne Walker
- Department of Microbiology, Blavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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5
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Rambout X, Maquat LE. Nuclear mRNA decay: regulatory networks that control gene expression. Nat Rev Genet 2024:10.1038/s41576-024-00712-2. [PMID: 38637632 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Proper regulation of mRNA production in the nucleus is critical for the maintenance of cellular homoeostasis during adaptation to internal and environmental cues. Over the past 25 years, it has become clear that the nuclear machineries governing gene transcription, pre-mRNA processing, pre-mRNA and mRNA decay, and mRNA export to the cytoplasm are inextricably linked to control the quality and quantity of mRNAs available for translation. More recently, an ever-expanding diversity of new mechanisms by which nuclear RNA decay factors finely tune the expression of protein-encoding genes have been uncovered. Here, we review the current understanding of how mammalian cells shape their protein-encoding potential by regulating the decay of pre-mRNAs and mRNAs in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rambout
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Lynne E Maquat
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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6
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Zhu Z, Ren W, Li S, Gao L, Zhi K. Functional significance of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification in regulating autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107120. [PMID: 38417774 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a core molecular pathway that preserves cellular and organismal homeostasis. Being susceptible to nutrient availability and stress, eukaryotic cells recycle or degrade internal components via membrane transport pathways to provide sustainable biological molecules and energy sources. The dysregulation of this highly conserved physiological process has been strongly linked to human disease. Post-translational modification, a mechanism that regulates protein function, plays a crucial role in autophagy regulation. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification (O-GlcNAcylation), a monosaccharide post-translational modification of intracellular proteins, is essential in nutritional and stress regulatory mechanisms. O-GlcNAcylation has emerged as an essential regulatory mechanism of autophagy. It regulates autophagy throughout its lifetime by targeting the core components of the autophagy regulatory network. This review provides an overview of the O-GlcNAcylation of autophagy-associated proteins and their regulation and function in the autophagy pathway. Therefore, this article may contribute to further understanding of the role of O-GlcNAc-regulated autophagy and provide new perspectives for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Shaoming Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
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7
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Authier F, Ondruskova N, Ferenbach AT, McNeilly AD, van Aalten DMF. Neurodevelopmental defects in a mouse model of O-GlcNAc transferase intellectual disability. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050671. [PMID: 38566589 PMCID: PMC11095632 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The addition of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to proteins (referred to as O-GlcNAcylation) is a modification that is crucial for vertebrate development. O-GlcNAcylation is catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Missense variants of OGT have recently been shown to segregate with an X-linked syndromic form of intellectual disability, OGT-linked congenital disorder of glycosylation (OGT-CDG). Although the existence of OGT-CDG suggests that O-GlcNAcylation is crucial for neurodevelopment and/or cognitive function, the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms remain unknown. Here we report a mouse line that carries a catalytically impaired OGT-CDG variant. These mice show altered O-GlcNAc homeostasis with decreased global O-GlcNAcylation and reduced levels of OGT and OGA in the brain. Phenotypic characterization of the mice revealed lower body weight associated with reduced body fat mass, short stature and microcephaly. This mouse model will serve as an important tool to study genotype-phenotype correlations in OGT-CDG in vivo and for the development of possible treatment avenues for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Authier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nina Ondruskova
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew T. Ferenbach
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alison D. McNeilly
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Daan M. F. van Aalten
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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8
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Shrestha R, Karunadasa S, Grismer TS, Reyes AV, Xu SL. SECRET AGENT O-GlcNAcylates Hundreds of Proteins Involved in Diverse Cellular Processes in Arabidopsis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100732. [PMID: 38336175 PMCID: PMC10979276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a critical post-translational modification of proteins observed in both plants and animals and plays a key role in growth and development. While considerable knowledge exists about over 3000 substrates in animals, our understanding of this modification in plants remains limited. Unlike animals, plants possess two putative homologs: SECRET AGENT (SEC) and SPINDLY, with SPINDLY also exhibiting O-fucosylation activity. To investigate the role of SEC as a major O-GlcNAc transferase in plants, we utilized lectin-weak affinity chromatography enrichment and stable isotope labeling in Arabidopsis labeling, quantifying at both MS1 and MS2 levels. Our findings reveal a significant reduction in O-GlcNAc levels in the sec mutant, indicating the critical role of SEC in mediating O-GlcNAcylation. Through a comprehensive approach, combining higher-energy collision dissociation and electron-transfer high-energy collision dissociation fragmentation with substantial fractionations, we expanded our GlcNAc profiling, identifying 436 O-GlcNAc targets, including 227 new targets. The targets span diverse cellular processes, suggesting broad regulatory functions of O-GlcNAcylation. The expanded targets also enabled exploration of crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and O-fucosylation. We also examined electron-transfer high-energy collision dissociation fragmentation for site assignment. This report advances our understanding of O-GlcNAcylation in plants, facilitating further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Shrestha
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sumudu Karunadasa
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - TaraBryn S Grismer
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA; Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andres V Reyes
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA; Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shou-Ling Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA; Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA.
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9
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Lewis BA. The role of O-GlcNAcylation in RNA polymerase II transcription. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105705. [PMID: 38311176 PMCID: PMC10906531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is responsible for the transcription of the protein-coding genes in the cell. Enormous progress has been made in discovering the protein activities that are required for transcription to occur, but the effects of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on RNAPII transcriptional regulation are much less understood. Most of our understanding relates to the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which appear to act relatively early in transcription. However, it is becoming apparent that other PTMs play a crucial role in the transcriptional cycle, and it is doubtful that any sort of complete understanding of this regulation is attainable without understanding the spectra of PTMs that occur on the transcriptional machinery. Among these is O-GlcNAcylation. Recent experiments have shown that the O-GlcNAc PTM likely has a prominent role in transcription. This review will cover the role of the O-GlcNAcylation in RNAPII transcription during initiation, pausing, and elongation, which will hopefully be of interest to both O-GlcNAc and RNAPII transcription researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Lewis
- Gene Regulation Section/LP, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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10
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Cui H, Shi Q, Macarios CM, Schimmel P. Metabolic regulation of mRNA splicing. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00025-4. [PMID: 38431493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Alternative mRNA splicing enables the diversification of the proteome from a static genome and confers plasticity and adaptiveness on cells. Although this is often explored in development, where hard-wired programs drive the differentiation and specialization, alternative mRNA splicing also offers a way for cells to react to sudden changes in outside stimuli such as small-molecule metabolites. Fluctuations in metabolite levels and availability in particular convey crucial information to which cells react and adapt. We summarize and highlight findings surrounding the metabolic regulation of mRNA splicing. We discuss the principles underlying the biochemistry and biophysical properties of mRNA splicing, and propose how these could intersect with metabolite levels. Further, we present examples in which metabolites directly influence RNA-binding proteins and splicing factors. We also discuss the interplay between alternative mRNA splicing and metabolite-responsive signaling pathways. We hope to inspire future research to obtain a holistic picture of alternative mRNA splicing in response to metabolic cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haissi Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Qingyu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | | | - Paul Schimmel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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11
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Nelson ZM, Leonard GD, Fehl C. Tools for investigating O-GlcNAc in signaling and other fundamental biological pathways. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105615. [PMID: 38159850 PMCID: PMC10831167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells continuously fine-tune signaling pathway proteins to match nutrient and stress levels in their local environment by modifying intracellular proteins with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) sugars, an essential process for cell survival and growth. The small size of these monosaccharide modifications poses a challenge for functional determination, but the chemistry and biology communities have together created a collection of precision tools to study these dynamic sugars. This review presents the major themes by which O-GlcNAc influences signaling pathway proteins, including G-protein coupled receptors, growth factor signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, lipid sensing, and cytokine signaling pathways. Along the way, we describe in detail key chemical biology tools that have been developed and applied to determine specific O-GlcNAc roles in these pathways. These tools include metabolic labeling, O-GlcNAc-enhancing RNA aptamers, fluorescent biosensors, proximity labeling tools, nanobody targeting tools, O-GlcNAc cycling inhibitors, light-activated systems, chemoenzymatic labeling, and nutrient reporter assays. An emergent feature of this signaling pathway meta-analysis is the intricate interplay between O-GlcNAc modifications across different signaling systems, underscoring the importance of O-GlcNAc in regulating cellular processes. We highlight the significance of O-GlcNAc in signaling and the role of chemical and biochemical tools in unraveling distinct glycobiological regulatory mechanisms. Collectively, our field has determined effective strategies to probe O-GlcNAc roles in biology. At the same time, this survey of what we do not yet know presents a clear roadmap for the field to use these powerful chemical tools to explore cross-pathway O-GlcNAc interactions in signaling and other major biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Garry D Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Charlie Fehl
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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12
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Hu YJ, Zhang X, Lv HM, Liu Y, Li SZ. Protein O-GlcNAcylation: The sweet hub in liver metabolic flexibility from a (patho)physiological perspective. Liver Int 2024; 44:293-315. [PMID: 38110988 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic, reversible and atypical O-glycosylation that regulates various cellular physiological processes via conformation, stabilisation, localisation, chaperone interaction or activity of target proteins. The O-GlcNAcylation cycle is precisely controlled by collaboration between O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase. Uridine-diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine, the sole donor of O-GlcNAcylation produced by the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, is controlled by the input of glucose, glutamine, acetyl coenzyme A and uridine triphosphate, making it a sensor of the fluctuation of molecules, making O-GlcNAcylation a pivotal nutrient sensor for the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids and nucleotides. O-GlcNAcylation, particularly prevalent in liver, is the core hub for controlling systemic glucose homeostasis due to its nutritional sensitivity and precise spatiotemporal regulation of insulin signal transduction. The pathology of various liver diseases has highlighted hepatic metabolic disorder and dysfunction, and abnormal O-GlcNAcylation also plays a specific pathological role in these processes. Therefore, this review describes the unique features of O-GlcNAcylation and its dynamic homeostasis maintenance. Additionally, it explains the underlying nutritional sensitivity of O-GlcNAcylation and discusses its mechanism of spatiotemporal modulation of insulin signal transduction and liver metabolic homeostasis during the fasting and feeding cycle. This review emphasises the pathophysiological implications of O-GlcNAcylation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis, and focuses on the adverse effects of hyper O-GlcNAcylation on liver cancer progression and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hong-Ming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shi-Ze Li
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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13
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Dupas T, Lauzier B, McGraw S. O-GlcNAcylation: the sweet side of epigenetics. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:49. [PMID: 38093337 PMCID: PMC10720106 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Histones display a wide variety of post-translational modifications, including acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation. These epigenetic modifications can influence chromatin structure and function without altering the DNA sequence. Histones can also undergo post-translational O-GlcNAcylation, a rather understudied modification that plays critical roles in almost all biological processes and is added and removed by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase and O-GlcNAcase, respectively. This review provides a current overview of our knowledge of how O-GlcNAcylation impacts the histone code both directly and by regulating other chromatin modifying enzymes. This highlights the pivotal emerging role of O-GlcNAcylation as an essential epigenetic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dupas
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard‑Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Benjamin Lauzier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, L'institut du Thorax, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Serge McGraw
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard‑Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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14
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Narayanan B, Sinha P, Henry R, Reeves RA, Paolocci N, Kohr MJ, Zachara NE. Cardioprotective O-GlcNAc signaling is elevated in murine female hearts via enhanced O-GlcNAc transferase activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105447. [PMID: 37949223 PMCID: PMC10711226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The post-translational modification of intracellular proteins by O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) has emerged as a critical regulator of cardiac function. Enhanced O-GlcNAcylation activates cytoprotective pathways in cardiac models of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the mechanisms underpinning O-GlcNAc cycling in response to I/R injury have not been comprehensively assessed. The cycling of O-GlcNAc is regulated by the collective efforts of two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which catalyze the addition and hydrolysis of O-GlcNAc, respectively. It has previously been shown that baseline heart physiology and pathophysiology are impacted by sex. Here, we hypothesized that sex differences in molecular signaling may target protein O-GlcNAcylation both basally and in ischemic hearts. To address this question, we subjected male and female WT murine hearts to ex vivo ischemia or I/R injury. We assessed hearts for protein O-GlcNAcylation, abundance of OGT, OGA, and glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT2), activity of OGT and OGA, and UDP-GlcNAc levels. Our data demonstrate elevated O-GlcNAcylation in female hearts both basally and during ischemia. We show that OGT activity was enhanced in female hearts in all treatments, suggesting a mechanism for these observations. Furthermore, we found that ischemia led to reduced O-GlcNAcylation and OGT-specific activity. Our findings provide a foundation for understanding molecular mechanisms that regulate O-GlcNAcylation in the heart and highlight the importance of sex as a significant factor when assessing key regulatory events that control O-GlcNAc cycling. These data suggest the intriguing possibility that elevated O-GlcNAcylation in females contributes to reduced ischemic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Narayanan
- The Department of Biological Chemistry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Prithvi Sinha
- The Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roger Henry
- The Department of Biological Chemistry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell A Reeves
- The Department of Biological Chemistry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Mark J Kohr
- The Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- The Department of Biological Chemistry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; The Department of Oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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15
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Pratt MR, Vocadlo DJ. Understanding and exploiting the roles of O-GlcNAc in neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105411. [PMID: 37918804 PMCID: PMC10687168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc is a common modification found on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Determining the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes O-GlcNAc from proteins, enabled the creation of potent and selective inhibitors of this regulatory enzyme. Such inhibitors have served as important tools in helping to uncover the cellular and organismal physiological roles of this modification. In addition, OGA inhibitors have been important for defining the augmentation of O-GlcNAc as a promising disease-modifying approach to combat several neurodegenerative diseases including both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. These studies have led to development and optimization of OGA inhibitors for clinical application. These compounds have been shown to be well tolerated in early clinical studies and are steadily advancing into the clinic. Despite these advances, the mechanisms by which O-GlcNAc protects against these various types of neurodegeneration are a topic of continuing interest since improved insight may enable the creation of more targeted strategies to modulate O-GlcNAc for therapeutic benefit. Relevant pathways on which O-GlcNAc has been found to exert beneficial effects include autophagy, necroptosis, and processing of the amyloid precursor protein. More recently, the development and application of chemical methods enabling the synthesis of homogenous proteins have clarified the biochemical effects of O-GlcNAc on protein aggregation and uncovered new roles for O-GlcNAc in heat shock response. Here, we discuss the features of O-GlcNAc in neurodegenerative diseases, the application of inhibitors to identify the roles of this modification, and the biochemical effects of O-GlcNAc on proteins and pathways associated with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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16
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Lu P, Liu Y, He M, Cao T, Yang M, Qi S, Yu H, Gao H. Cryo-EM structure of human O-GlcNAcylation enzyme pair OGT-OGA complex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6952. [PMID: 37907462 PMCID: PMC10618255 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a conserved post-translational modification that attaches N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) to myriad cellular proteins. In response to nutritional and hormonal signals, O-GlcNAcylation regulates diverse cellular processes by modulating the stability, structure, and function of target proteins. Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. A single pair of enzymes, the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), catalyzes the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc on over 3,000 proteins in the human proteome. However, how OGT selects its native substrates and maintains the homeostatic control of O-GlcNAcylation of so many substrates against OGA is not fully understood. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human OGT and the OGT-OGA complex. Our studies reveal that OGT forms a functionally important scissor-shaped dimer. Within the OGT-OGA complex structure, a long flexible OGA segment occupies the extended substrate-binding groove of OGT and positions a serine for O-GlcNAcylation, thus preventing OGT from modifying other substrates. Conversely, OGT disrupts the functional dimerization of OGA and occludes its active site, resulting in the blocking of access by other substrates. This mutual inhibition between OGT and OGA may limit the futile O-GlcNAcylation cycles and help to maintain O-GlcNAc homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yusong Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maozhou He
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Cao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengquan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shutao Qi
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongtao Yu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haishan Gao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Ha C, Bakshi S, Brahma MK, Potter LA, Chang SF, Sun Z, Benavides GA, He L, Umbarkar P, Zou L, Curfman S, Sunny S, Paterson AJ, Rajasekaran N, Barnes JW, Zhang J, Lal H, Xie M, Darley‐Usmar VM, Chatham JC, Wende AR. Sustained Increases in Cardiomyocyte Protein O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Levels Lead to Cardiac Hypertrophy and Reduced Mitochondrial Function Without Systolic Contractile Impairment. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029898. [PMID: 37750556 PMCID: PMC10727241 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Lifestyle and metabolic diseases influence the severity and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease through numerous mechanisms, including regulation via posttranslational modifications. A specific posttranslational modification, the addition of O-linked β-N acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation), has been implicated in molecular mechanisms of both physiological and pathologic adaptations. The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that in cardiomyocytes, sustained protein O-GlcNAcylation contributes to cardiac adaptations, and its progression to pathophysiology. Methods and Results Using a naturally occurring dominant-negative O-GlcNAcase (dnOGA) inducible cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression transgenic mouse model, we induced dnOGA in 8- to 10-week-old mouse hearts. We examined the effects of 2-week and 24-week dnOGA overexpression, which progressed to a 1.8-fold increase in protein O-GlcNAcylation. Two-week increases in protein O-GlcNAc levels did not alter heart weight or function; however, 24-week increases in protein O-GlcNAcylation led to cardiac hypertrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction. Interestingly, systolic function was maintained in 24-week dnOGA overexpression, despite several changes in gene expression associated with cardiovascular disease. Specifically, mRNA-sequencing analysis revealed several gene signatures, including reduction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid, and glucose metabolism pathways, and antioxidant response pathways after 24-week dnOGA overexpression. Conclusions This study indicates that moderate increases in cardiomyocyte protein O-GlcNAcylation leads to a differential response with an initial reduction of metabolic pathways (2-week), which leads to cardiac remodeling (24-week). Moreover, the mouse model showed evidence of diastolic dysfunction consistent with a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. These findings provide insight into the adaptive versus maladaptive responses to increased O-GlcNAcylation in heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae‐Myeong Ha
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Sayan Bakshi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Manoja K. Brahma
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Luke A. Potter
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Samuel F. Chang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Zhihuan Sun
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Gloria A. Benavides
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Lihao He
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Luyun Zou
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Samuel Curfman
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Sini Sunny
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Andrew J. Paterson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | | | - Jarrod W. Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Min Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Victor M. Darley‐Usmar
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - John C. Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
| | - Adam R. Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL
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18
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Griffin ME, Thompson JW, Xiao Y, Sweredoski MJ, Aksenfeld RB, Jensen EH, Koldobskaya Y, Schacht AL, Kim TD, Choudhry P, Lomenick B, Garbis SD, Moradian A, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Functional glycoproteomics by integrated network assembly and partitioning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.541482. [PMID: 37398272 PMCID: PMC10312638 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.541482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is widespread across the proteome during the lifespan of all multicellular organisms. However, nearly all functional studies have focused on individual protein modifications, overlooking the multitude of simultaneous O-GlcNAcylation events that work together to coordinate cellular activities. Here, we describe Networking of Interactors and SubstratEs (NISE), a novel, systems-level approach to rapidly and comprehensively monitor O-GlcNAcylation across the proteome. Our method integrates affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) and site-specific chemoproteomic technologies with network generation and unsupervised partitioning to connect potential upstream regulators with downstream targets of O-GlcNAcylation. The resulting network provides a data-rich framework that reveals both conserved activities of O-GlcNAcylation such as epigenetic regulation as well as tissue-specific functions like synaptic morphology. Beyond O-GlcNAc, this holistic and unbiased systems-level approach provides a broadly applicable framework to study PTMs and discover their diverse roles in specific cell types and biological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Griffin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Co-first author
| | - John W. Thompson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Co-first author
| | - Yao Xiao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Co-first author
| | - Michael J. Sweredoski
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Rita B. Aksenfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Elizabeth H. Jensen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yelena Koldobskaya
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Andrew L. Schacht
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Terry D. Kim
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Priya Choudhry
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brett Lomenick
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Spiros D. Garbis
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Annie Moradian
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Linda C. Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Lead contact
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19
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Omelková M, Fenger CD, Murray M, Hammer TB, Pravata VM, Bartual SG, Czajewski I, Bayat A, Ferenbach AT, Stavridis MP, van Aalten DMF. An O-GlcNAc transferase pathogenic variant linked to intellectual disability affects pluripotent stem cell self-renewal. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049132. [PMID: 37334838 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) is an essential enzyme that modifies proteins with O-GlcNAc. Inborn OGT genetic variants were recently shown to mediate a novel type of congenital disorder of glycosylation (OGT-CDG), which is characterised by X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) and developmental delay. Here, we report an OGTC921Y variant that co-segregates with XLID and epileptic seizures, and results in loss of catalytic activity. Colonies formed by mouse embryonic stem cells carrying OGTC921Y showed decreased levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation accompanied by decreased levels of Oct4 (encoded by Pou5f1), Sox2 and extracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP), implying reduced self-renewal capacity. These data establish a link between OGT-CDG and embryonic stem cell self-renewal, providing a foundation for examining the developmental aetiology of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Omelková
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Christina Dühring Fenger
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics, Filadelfia Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund 4293, Denmark
- Amplexa Genetics A/S, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Marta Murray
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Trine Bjørg Hammer
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics, Filadelfia Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund 4293, Denmark
| | - Veronica M Pravata
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Sergio Galan Bartual
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Ignacy Czajewski
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Allan Bayat
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics, Filadelfia Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund 4293, Denmark
| | - Andrew T Ferenbach
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Marios P Stavridis
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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20
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Ayodeji SA, Bao B, Teslow EA, Polin LA, Dyson G, Bollig-Fischer A, Fehl C. Hyperglycemia and O-GlcNAc transferase activity drive a cancer stem cell pathway in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:102. [PMID: 37231419 PMCID: PMC10210312 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced glucose metabolism is a feature of most tumors, but downstream functional effects of aberrant glucose flux are difficult to mechanistically determine. Metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes have a hyperglycemia component and are correlated with elevated pre-menopausal cancer risk for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, determining pathways for hyperglycemic disease-coupled cancer risk remains a major unmet need. One aspect of cellular sugar utilization is the addition of the glucose-derived protein modification O-GlcNAc (O-linked N-acetylglucosamine) via the single human enzyme that catalyzes this process, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). The data in this report implicate roles of OGT and O-GlcNAc within a pathway leading to cancer stem-like cell (CSC) expansion. CSCs are the minor fraction of tumor cells recognized as a source of tumors as well as fueling metastatic recurrence. The objective of this study was to identify a novel pathway for glucose-driven expansion of CSC as a potential molecular link between hyperglycemic conditions and CSC tumor risk factors. METHODS We used chemical biology tools to track how a metabolite of glucose, GlcNAc, became linked to the transcriptional regulatory protein tet-methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) as an O-GlcNAc post-translational modification in three TNBC cell lines. Using biochemical approaches, genetic models, diet-induced obese animals, and chemical biology labeling, we evaluated the impact of hyperglycemia on CSC pathways driven by OGT in TNBC model systems. RESULTS We showed that OGT levels were higher in TNBC cell lines compared to non-tumor breast cells, matching patient data. Our data identified that hyperglycemia drove O-GlcNAcylation of the protein TET1 via OGT-catalyzed activity. Suppression of pathway proteins by inhibition, RNA silencing, and overexpression confirmed a mechanism for glucose-driven CSC expansion via TET1-O-GlcNAc. Furthermore, activation of the pathway led to higher levels of OGT production via feed-forward regulation in hyperglycemic conditions. We showed that diet-induced obesity led to elevated tumor OGT expression and O-GlcNAc levels in mice compared to lean littermates, suggesting relevance of this pathway in an animal model of the hyperglycemic TNBC microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data revealed a mechanism whereby hyperglycemic conditions activated a CSC pathway in TNBC models. This pathway can be potentially targeted to reduce hyperglycemia-driven breast cancer risk, for instance in metabolic diseases. Because pre-menopausal TNBC risk and mortality are correlated with metabolic diseases, our results could lead to new directions including OGT inhibition for mitigating hyperglycemia as a risk factor for TNBC tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed A Ayodeji
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Emily A Teslow
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lisa A Polin
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Greg Dyson
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Aliccia Bollig-Fischer
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Charlie Fehl
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, USA.
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21
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Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification performed by two opposing enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase. O-GlcNAcylation is generally believed to act as a metabolic integrator in numerous signalling pathways. The stoichiometry of this modification is tightly controlled throughout all stages of development, with both hypo/hyper O-GlcNAcylation resulting in broad defects. In this Primer, we discuss the role of O-GlcNAcylation in developmental processes from stem cell maintenance and differentiation to cell and tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacy Czajewski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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22
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Xu S, Yin K, Wu R. Combining Selective Enrichment and a Boosting Approach to Globally and Site-Specifically Characterize Protein Co-translational O-GlcNAcylation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4371-4380. [PMID: 36802545 PMCID: PMC9996615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation plays extremely important roles in mammalian cells, regulating signal transduction and gene expression. This modification can happen during protein translation, and systematic and site-specific analysis of protein co-translational O-GlcNAcylation can advance our understanding of this important modification. However, it is extraordinarily challenging because normally O-GlcNAcylated proteins are very low abundant and the abundances of co-translational ones are even much lower. Here, we developed a method integrating selective enrichment, a boosting approach, and multiplexed proteomics to globally and site-specifically characterize protein co-translational O-GlcNAcylation. The boosting approach using the TMT labeling dramatically enhances the detection of co-translational glycopeptides with low abundance when enriched O-GlcNAcylated peptides from cells with a much longer labeling time was used as a boosting sample. More than 180 co-translational O-GlcNAcylated proteins were site-specifically identified. Further analyses revealed that among co-translational glycoproteins, those related to DNA binding and transcription are highly overrepresented using the total identified O-GlcNAcylated proteins in the same cells as the background. Compared with the glycosylation sites on all glycoproteins, co-translational sites have different local structures and adjacent amino acid residues. Overall, an integrative method was developed to identify protein co-translational O-GlcNAcylation, which is very useful to advance our understanding of this important modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senhan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kejun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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23
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Vital T, Wali A, Butler KV, Xiong Y, Foster JP, Marcel SS, McFadden AW, Nguyen VU, Bailey BM, Lamb KN, James LI, Frye SV, Mosely AL, Jin J, Pattenden SG, Davis IJ. MS0621, a novel small-molecule modulator of Ewing sarcoma chromatin accessibility, interacts with an RNA-associated macromolecular complex and influences RNA splicing. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1099550. [PMID: 36793594 PMCID: PMC9924231 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1099550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a cancer of children and young adults characterized by the critical translocation-associated fusion oncoprotein EWSR1::FLI1. EWSR1::FLI1 targets characteristic genetic loci where it mediates aberrant chromatin and the establishment of de novo enhancers. Ewing sarcoma thus provides a model to interrogate mechanisms underlying chromatin dysregulation in tumorigenesis. Previously, we developed a high-throughput chromatin-based screening platform based on the de novo enhancers and demonstrated its utility in identifying small molecules capable of altering chromatin accessibility. Here, we report the identification of MS0621, a molecule with previously uncharacterized mechanism of action, as a small molecule modulator of chromatin state at sites of aberrant chromatin accessibility at EWSR1::FLI1-bound loci. MS0621 suppresses cellular proliferation of Ewing sarcoma cell lines by cell cycle arrest. Proteomic studies demonstrate that MS0621 associates with EWSR1::FLI1, RNA binding and splicing proteins, as well as chromatin regulatory proteins. Surprisingly, interactions with chromatin and many RNA-binding proteins, including EWSR1::FLI1 and its known interactors, were RNA-independent. Our findings suggest that MS0621 affects EWSR1::FLI1-mediated chromatin activity by interacting with and altering the activity of RNA splicing machinery and chromatin modulating factors. Genetic modulation of these proteins similarly inhibits proliferation and alters chromatin in Ewing sarcoma cells. The use of an oncogene-associated chromatin signature as a target allows for a direct approach to screen for unrecognized modulators of epigenetic machinery and provides a framework for using chromatin-based assays for future therapeutic discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Vital
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Aminah Wali
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kyle V. Butler
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yan Xiong
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joseph P. Foster
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Shelsa S. Marcel
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Andrew W. McFadden
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Valerie U. Nguyen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Benton M. Bailey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kelsey N. Lamb
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lindsey I. James
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen V. Frye
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Amber L. Mosely
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Department of Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samantha G. Pattenden
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ian J. Davis
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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24
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Ge Y, Lu H, Yang B, Woo CM. Small Molecule-Activated O-GlcNAcase for Spatiotemporal Removal of O-GlcNAc in Live Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:193-201. [PMID: 36598936 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The nutrient sensor O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification found on thousands of nucleocytoplasmic proteins. O-GlcNAc levels in cells dynamically respond to environmental cues in a temporal and spatial manner, leading to altered signal transduction and functional effects. The spatiotemporal regulation of O-GlcNAc levels would accelerate functional interrogation of O-GlcNAc and manipulation of cell behaviors for desired outcomes. Here, we report a strategy for spatiotemporal reduction of O-GlcNAc in live cells by designing an O-GlcNAcase (OGA) fused to an intein triggered by 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT). After rational protein engineering and optimization, we identified an OGA-intein variant whose deglycosidase activity can be triggered in the desired subcellular compartments by 4-HT in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrated that 4-HT activation of the OGA-intein fusion can likewise potentiate inhibitory effects in breast cancer cells by virtue of the reduction of O-GlcNAc. The spatiotemporal control of O-GlcNAc through the chemically activatable OGA-intein fusion will facilitate the manipulation and functional understanding of O-GlcNAc in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hailin Lu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christina M Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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25
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Wenzel DM, Olivier-Van Stichelen S. The O-GlcNAc cycling in neurodevelopment and associated diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1693-1702. [PMID: 36383066 PMCID: PMC10462390 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proper neuronal development is essential to growth and adult brain function. Alterations at any step of this highly organized sequence of events, due to genetic mutations or environmental factors, triggers brain malformations, which are leading causes of diseases including epilepsy, intellectual disabilities, and many others. The role of glycosylation in neuronal development has been emphasized for many years, notably in studying human congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs). These diseases highlight that genetic defects in glycosylation pathways are almost always associated with severe neurological abnormalities, suggesting that glycosylation plays an essential role in early brain development. Congenital disorders of O-GlcNAcylation are no exception, and all mutations of the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are associated with X-linked intellectual disabilities (XLID). In addition, mouse models and in vitro mechanistic studies have reinforced the essential role of O-GlcNAcylation in neuronal development and signaling. In this review, we give an overview of the role of O-GlcNAcylation in this critical physiological process and emphasize the consequences of its dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Wenzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, U.S.A
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26
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Hadar S, Meller A, Saida N, Shalgi R. Stress-induced transcriptional readthrough into neighboring genes is linked to intron retention. iScience 2022; 25:105543. [PMID: 36505935 PMCID: PMC9732411 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to certain stresses leads to readthrough transcription. Using polyA-selected RNA-seq in mouse fibroblasts subjected to heat shock, oxidative, or osmotic stress, we found that readthrough transcription can proceed into proximal downstream genes, in a phenomenon previously termed "read-in." We found that read-in genes share distinctive genomic characteristics; they are GC-rich and extremely short , with genomic features conserved in human. Using ribosome profiling, we found that read-in genes show significantly reduced translation. Strikingly, read-in genes demonstrate marked intron retention, mostly in their first introns, which could not be explained solely by their short introns and GC-richness, features often associated with intron retention. Finally, we revealed H3K36me3 enrichment upstream to read-in genes. Moreover, demarcation of exon-intron junctions by H3K36me3 was absent in read-in first introns. Our data portray a relationship between read-in and intron retention, suggesting they may have co-evolved to facilitate reduced translation of read-in genes during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Hadar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Anatoly Meller
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Naseeb Saida
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Reut Shalgi
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel,Corresponding author
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27
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Fahie KMM, Papanicolaou KN, Zachara NE. Integration of O-GlcNAc into Stress Response Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:3509. [PMID: 36359905 PMCID: PMC9654274 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytosolic proteins by O-linked βN-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has emerged as a dynamic and essential post-translational modification of mammalian proteins. O-GlcNAc is cycled on and off over 5000 proteins in response to diverse stimuli impacting protein function and, in turn, epigenetics and transcription, translation and proteostasis, metabolism, cell structure, and signal transduction. Environmental and physiological injury lead to complex changes in O-GlcNAcylation that impact cell and tissue survival in models of heat shock, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, as well as ischemic reperfusion injury. Numerous mechanisms that appear to underpin O-GlcNAc-mediated survival include changes in chaperone levels, impacts on the unfolded protein response and integrated stress response, improvements in mitochondrial function, and reduced protein aggregation. Here, we discuss the points at which O-GlcNAc is integrated into the cellular stress response, focusing on the roles it plays in the cardiovascular system and in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamau M. M. Fahie
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kyriakos N. Papanicolaou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Natasha E. Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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28
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Liu Y, Nelson ZM, Reda A, Fehl C. Spatiotemporal Proximity Labeling Tools to Track GlcNAc Sugar-Modified Functional Protein Hubs during Cellular Signaling. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2153-2164. [PMID: 35819414 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental mechanism that all eukaryotic cells use to adapt to their environment is dynamic protein modification with monosaccharide sugars. In humans, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is rapidly added to and removed from diverse protein sites as a response to fluctuating nutrient levels, stressors, and signaling cues. Two aspects remain challenging for tracking functional O-GlcNAc events with chemical strategies: spatial control over subcellular locations and time control during labeling. The objective of this study was to create intracellular proximity labeling tools to identify functional changes in O-GlcNAc patterns with spatiotemporal control. We developed a labeling strategy based on the TurboID proximity labeling system for rapid protein biotin conjugation directed to O-GlcNAc protein modifications inside cells, a set of tools called "GlycoID." Localized variants to the nucleus and cytosol, nuc-GlycoID and cyt-GlycoID, labeled O-GlcNAc proteins and their interactomes in subcellular space. Labeling during insulin and serum stimulation revealed functional changes in O-GlcNAc proteins as soon as 30 min following signal initiation. We demonstrated using proteomic analysis that the GlycoID strategy captured O-GlcNAcylated "activity hubs" consisting of O-GlcNAc proteins and their associated protein-protein interactions. The ability to follow changes in O-GlcNAc hubs during physiological events such as insulin signaling allows these tools to determine the mechanisms of glycobiological cell regulation. Our functional O-GlcNAc data sets in human cells will be a valuable resource for O-GlcNAc-driven mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Zachary M Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Ali Reda
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Charlie Fehl
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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29
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Spatial and temporal proteomics reveals the distinct distributions and dynamics of O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110946. [PMID: 35705054 PMCID: PMC9244862 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation plays critical roles in many cellular events, and its dysregulation is related to multiple diseases. Integrating bioorthogonal chemistry and multiplexed proteomics, we systematically and site specifically study the distributions and dynamics of protein O-GlcNAcylation in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of human cells. The results demonstrate that O-GlcNAcylated proteins with different functions have distinct distribution patterns. The distributions vary site specifically, indicating that different glycoforms of the same protein may have different distributions. Moreover, we comprehensively analyze the dynamics of O-GlcNAcylated and non-modified proteins in these two compartments, respectively, and the half-lives of glycoproteins in different compartments are markedly different, with the median half-life in the cytoplasm being much longer. In addition, glycoproteins in the nucleus are more dramatically stabilized than those in the cytoplasm under the O-GlcNAcase inhibition. The comprehensive spatial and temporal analyses of protein O-GlcNAcylation provide valuable information and advance our understanding of this important modification. Xu et al. systematically and site specifically study the distribution and dynamics of O-GlcNAcylated proteins in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. O-GlcNAcylated proteins with different functions have distinct distribution patterns. The half-lives of glycoproteins in the two cellular compartments are markedly different, with the much longer median half-life in the cytoplasm.
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30
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Schwein PA, Ge Y, Yang B, D’Souza A, Mody A, Shen D, Woo CM. Writing and Erasing O-GlcNAc on Casein Kinase 2 Alpha Alters the Phosphoproteome. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1111-1121. [PMID: 35467332 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc is an essential carbohydrate modification that intersects with phosphorylation signaling pathways via crosstalk on protein substrates or by direct modification of the kinases that write the phosphate modification. Casein kinase 2 alpha (CK2α), the catalytic subunit of the ubiquitously expressed and constitutively active kinase CK2, is modified by O-GlcNAc, but the effect of this modification on the phosphoproteome in cells is unknown. Here, we apply complementary targeted O-GlcNAc editors, nanobody-OGT and -splitOGA, to selectively write and erase O-GlcNAc from a tagged CK2α to measure the effects on the phosphoproteome in cells. These tools effectively and selectively edit the Ser347 glycosite on CK2α. Using quantitative phosphoproteomics, we report 51 phosphoproteins whose enrichment changes as a function of editing O-GlcNAc on CK2α, including HDAC1, HDAC2, ENSA, SMARCAD1, and PABPN1. Specific phosphosites on HDAC1 Ser393 and HDAC2 Ser394, both reported CK2 substrates, are significantly enhanced by O-GlcNAcylation of CK2α. These data will propel future studies on the crosstalk between O-GlcNAc and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Schwein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yun Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Alexandria D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Alison Mody
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Dacheng Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christina M. Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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31
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Burt RA, Alghusen IM, John Ephrame S, Villar MT, Artigues A, Slawson C. Mapping the O-GlcNAc Modified Proteome: Applications for Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:920727. [PMID: 35664676 PMCID: PMC9161079 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.920727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc is a pleotropic, enigmatic post-translational modification (PTM). This PTM modifies thousands of proteins differentially across tissue types and regulates diverse cellular signaling processes. O-GlcNAc is implicated in numerous diseases, and the advent of O-GlcNAc perturbation as a novel class of therapeutic underscores the importance of identifying and quantifying the O-GlcNAc modified proteome. Here, we review recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics that will be critical in elucidating the role of this unique glycosylation system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan A. Burt
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Ibtihal M. Alghusen
- Department Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Sophiya John Ephrame
- Department Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Maria T. Villar
- Department Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Antonio Artigues
- Department Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Chad Slawson
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Kansas, KS, United States
- Department Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
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32
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King DT, Serrano-Negrón JE, Zhu Y, Moore CL, Shoulders MD, Foster LJ, Vocadlo DJ. Thermal Proteome Profiling Reveals the O-GlcNAc-Dependent Meltome. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3833-3842. [PMID: 35230102 PMCID: PMC8969899 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications alter the biophysical properties of proteins and thereby influence cellular physiology. One emerging manner by which such modifications regulate protein functions is through their ability to perturb protein stability. Despite the increasing interest in this phenomenon, there are few methods that enable global interrogation of the biophysical effects of posttranslational modifications on the proteome. Here, we describe an unbiased proteome-wide approach to explore the influence of protein modifications on the thermodynamic stability of thousands of proteins in parallel. We apply this profiling strategy to study the effects of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), an abundant modification found on hundreds of proteins in mammals that has been shown in select cases to stabilize proteins. Using this thermal proteomic profiling strategy, we identify a set of 72 proteins displaying O-GlcNAc-dependent thermostability and validate this approach using orthogonal methods targeting specific proteins. These collective observations reveal that the majority of proteins influenced by O-GlcNAc are, surprisingly, destabilized by O-GlcNAc and cluster into distinct macromolecular complexes. These results establish O-GlcNAc as a bidirectional regulator of protein stability and provide a blueprint for exploring the impact of any protein modification on the meltome of, in principle, any organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jesús E Serrano-Negrón
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Christopher L Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew D Shoulders
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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33
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Gondane A, Girmay S, Helevä A, Pallasaho S, Loda M, Itkonen HM. O-GlcNAc transferase couples MRE11 to transcriptionally active chromatin to suppress DNA damage. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:13. [PMID: 35164752 PMCID: PMC8842528 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription, metabolism and DNA damage response are tightly regulated to preserve the genomic integrity, and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is positioned to connect the three. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, and androgen-ablation therapy halts disease progression. However, a significant number of prostate cancer patients develop resistance against anti-androgens, and this incurable disease is termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We have shown that combined inhibition of OGT and the transcription elongation kinase CDK9 induce CRPC-selective anti-proliferative effects. Here, we explain the functional basis for these combinatorial effects. Methods We used comprehensive mass spectrometry profiling of short-term CDK9 inhibitor effects on O-GlcNAcylated proteins in an isogenic cell line system that models transition from PC to CRPC. In addition, we used both ChIP-seq and RNA-seq profiling, and pulldown experiments in multiple CRPC models. Finally, we validated our findings in prostate cancer patient samples. Results Inhibition of CDK9 results in an OGT-dependent remodeling of the proteome in prostate cancer cells. More specifically, the activity of the DNA damage repair protein MRE11 is regulated in response to CDK9 inhibition in an OGT-dependent manner. MRE11 is enriched at the O-GlcNAc-marked loci. CDK9 inhibition does not decrease the expression of mRNAs whose genes are bound by both O-GlcNAc and MRE11. Combined inhibition of CDK9 and OGT or MRE11 further decreases RNA polymerase II activity, induces DNA damage signaling, and blocks the survival of prostate cancer cells. These effects are seen in CRPC cells but not in normal prostate cells. Mechanistically, OGT activity is required for MRE11 chromatin-loading in cells treated with CDK9 inhibitor. Finally, we show that MRE11 and O-GlcNAc are enriched at the prostate cancer-specific small nucleotide polymorphic sites, and the loss of MRE11 activity results in a hyper-mutator phenotype in patient tumors. Conclusions Both OGT and MRE11 are essential for the repair of CDK9 inhibitor-induced DNA damage. Our study raises the possibility of targeting CDK9 to elicit DNA damage in CRPC setting as an adjuvant to other treatments. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00795-1.
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Lockridge A, Hanover JA. A nexus of lipid and O-Glcnac metabolism in physiology and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:943576. [PMID: 36111295 PMCID: PMC9468787 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.943576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although traditionally considered a glucose metabolism-associated modification, the O-linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) regulatory system interacts extensively with lipids and is required to maintain lipid homeostasis. The enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling have molecular properties consistent with those expected of broad-spectrum environmental sensors. By direct protein-protein interactions and catalytic modification, O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes may provide both acute and long-term adaptation to stress and other environmental stimuli such as nutrient availability. Depending on the cell type, hyperlipidemia potentiates or depresses O-GlcNAc levels, sometimes biphasically, through a diversity of unique mechanisms that target UDP-GlcNAc synthesis and the availability, activity and substrate selectivity of the glycosylation enzymes, O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). At the same time, OGT activity in multiple tissues has been implicated in the homeostatic regulation of systemic lipid uptake, storage and release. Hyperlipidemic patterns of O-GlcNAcylation in these cells are consistent with both transient physiological adaptation and feedback uninhibited obesogenic and metabolic dysregulation. In this review, we summarize the numerous interconnections between lipid and O-GlcNAc metabolism. These links provide insights into how the O-GlcNAc regulatory system may contribute to lipid-associated diseases including obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Tools, tactics and objectives to interrogate cellular roles of O-GlcNAc in disease. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:8-17. [PMID: 34934185 PMCID: PMC8712397 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The vast array of cell types of multicellular organisms must individually fine-tune their internal metabolism. One important metabolic and stress regulatory mechanism is the dynamic attachment/removal of glucose-derived sugar N-acetylglucosamine on proteins (O-GlcNAcylation). The number of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc is bewildering, with at least 7,000 sites in human cells. The outstanding challenge is determining how key O-GlcNAc sites regulate a target pathway amidst thousands of potential global sites. Innovative solutions are required to address this challenge in cell models and disease therapy. This Perspective shares critical suggestions for the O-GlcNAc field gleaned from the international O-GlcNAc community. Further, we summarize critical tools and tactics to enable newcomers to O-GlcNAc biology to drive innovation at the interface of metabolism and disease. The growing pace of O-GlcNAc research makes this a timely juncture to involve a wide array of scientists and new toolmakers to selectively approach the regulatory roles of O-GlcNAc in disease.
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36
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Massman LJ, Pereckas M, Zwagerman NT, Olivier-Van Stichelen S. O-GlcNAcylation Is Essential for Rapid Pomc Expression and Cell Proliferation in Corticotropic Tumor Cells. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6356179. [PMID: 34418053 PMCID: PMC8482966 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas have a staggering 16.7% lifetime prevalence and can be devastating in many patients because of profound endocrine and neurologic dysfunction. To date, no clear genomic or epigenomic markers correlate with their onset or severity. Herein, we investigate the impact of the O-GlcNAc posttranslational modification in their etiology. Found in more than 7000 human proteins to date, O-GlcNAcylation dynamically regulates proteins in critical signaling pathways, and its deregulation is involved in cancer progression and endocrine diseases such as diabetes. In this study, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAc enzymes were upregulated, particularly in aggressive adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting tumors, suggesting a role for O-GlcNAcylation in pituitary adenoma etiology. In addition to the demonstration that O-GlcNAcylation was essential for their proliferation, we showed that the endocrine function of pituitary adenoma is also dependent on O-GlcNAcylation. In corticotropic tumors, hypersecretion of the proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived hormone ACTH leads to Cushing disease, materialized by severe endocrine disruption and increased mortality. We demonstrated that Pomc messenger RNA is stabilized in an O-GlcNAc-dependent manner in response to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH). By affecting Pomc mRNA splicing and stability, O-GlcNAcylation contributes to this new mechanism of fast hormonal response in corticotropes. Thus, this study stresses the essential role of O-GlcNAcylation in ACTH-secreting adenomas' pathophysiology, including cellular proliferation and hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan J Massman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Michael Pereckas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Nathan T Zwagerman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Stephanie Olivier-Van Stichelen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
- Correspondence: Stephanie Olivier-Van Stichelen, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, BSB355, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Ramirez DH, Yang B, D'Souza AK, Shen D, Woo CM. Truncation of the TPR domain of OGT alters substrate and glycosite selection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7385-7399. [PMID: 34725712 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an essential enzyme that installs O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to thousands of protein substrates. OGT and its isoforms select from these substrates through the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, yet the impact of truncations to the TPR domain on substrate and glycosite selection is unresolved. Here, we report the effects of iterative truncations to the TPR domain of OGT on substrate and glycosite selection with the model protein GFP-JunB and the surrounding O-GlcNAc proteome in U2OS cells. Iterative truncation of the TPR domain of OGT maintains glycosyltransferase activity but alters subcellular localization of OGT in cells. The glycoproteome and glycosites modified by four OGT TPR isoforms were examined on the whole proteome and a single target protein, GFP-JunB. We found the greatest changes in O-GlcNAc on proteins associated with mRNA splicing processes and that the first four TPRs of the canonical nucleocytoplasmic OGT had the broadest substrate scope. Subsequent glycosite analysis revealed that alteration to the last four TPRs corresponded to the greatest shift in the resulting O-GlcNAc consensus sequence. This dataset provides a foundation to analyze how perturbations to the TPR domain and expression of OGT isoforms affect the glycosylation of substrates, which will be critical for future efforts in protein engineering of OGT, the biology of OGT isoforms, and diseases associated with the TPR domain of OGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexandria K D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dacheng Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Lee JB, Pyo KH, Kim HR. Role and Function of O-GlcNAcylation in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215365. [PMID: 34771527 PMCID: PMC8582477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the rapid advancement in immunotherapy and targeted agents, many patients diagnosed with cancer have poor prognosis with dismal overall survival. One of the key hallmarks of cancer is the ability of cancer cells to reprogram their energy metabolism. O-GlcNAcylation is an emerging potential mechanism for cancer cells to induce proliferation and progression of tumor cells and resistance to chemotherapy. This review summarizes the mechanism behind O-GlcNAcylation and discusses the role of O-GlcNAcylation, including its function with receptor tyrosine kinase and chemo-resistance in cancer, and immune response to cancer and as a prognostic factor. Further pre-clinical studies on O-GlcNAcylation are warranted to assess the clinical efficacy of agents targeting O-GlcNAcylation. Abstract Cancer cells are able to reprogram their glucose metabolism and retain energy via glycolysis even under aerobic conditions. They activate the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), and the complex interplay of O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) via deprivation of nutrients or increase in cellular stress results in the proliferation, progression, and metastasis of cancer cells. Notably, cancer is one of the emerging diseases associated with O-GlcNAcylation. In this review, we summarize studies that delineate the role of O-GlcNAcylation in cancer, including its modulation in metastasis, function with receptor tyrosine kinases, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin. In addition, we discuss the function of O-GlcNAcylation in eliciting immune responses associated with immune surveillance in the tumor microenvironment. O-GlcNAcylation is increasingly accepted as one of the key players involved in the activation and differentiation of T cells and macrophages. Finally, we discuss the prognostic role of O-GlcNAcylation and potential therapeutic agents such as O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine-transferase inhibitors, which may help overcome the resistance mechanism associated with the reprogramming of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jii Bum Lee
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Pyo
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.P.); (H.R.K.); Tel.: +82-2228-0869 (K.-H.P.); +82-2228-8125 (H.R.K.)
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.P.); (H.R.K.); Tel.: +82-2228-0869 (K.-H.P.); +82-2228-8125 (H.R.K.)
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Li Z, Xu J, Song Y, Xin C, Liu L, Hou N, Teng Y, Cheng X, Wang T, Yu Z, Song J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang X. PRMT5 Prevents Dilated Cardiomyopathy via Suppression of Protein O-GlcNAcylation. Circ Res 2021; 129:857-871. [PMID: 34503365 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China (Z.L., J.X., C.X., L.L., N.H., Y.T., X.C., T.W., Z.Y., J.W., X.Y.)
| | - Jingping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China (Z.L., J.X., C.X., L.L., N.H., Y.T., X.C., T.W., Z.Y., J.W., X.Y.)
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, China (Y.S., Y.Z.)
| | - Chong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China (Z.L., J.X., C.X., L.L., N.H., Y.T., X.C., T.W., Z.Y., J.W., X.Y.)
| | - Lantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China (Z.L., J.X., C.X., L.L., N.H., Y.T., X.C., T.W., Z.Y., J.W., X.Y.)
| | - Ning Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China (Z.L., J.X., C.X., L.L., N.H., Y.T., X.C., T.W., Z.Y., J.W., X.Y.)
| | - Yan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China (Z.L., J.X., C.X., L.L., N.H., Y.T., X.C., T.W., Z.Y., J.W., X.Y.)
| | - Xuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China (Z.L., J.X., C.X., L.L., N.H., Y.T., X.C., T.W., Z.Y., J.W., X.Y.)
| | - Tianle Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China (Z.L., J.X., C.X., L.L., N.H., Y.T., X.C., T.W., Z.Y., J.W., X.Y.)
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China (Z.L., J.X., C.X., L.L., N.H., Y.T., X.C., T.W., Z.Y., J.W., X.Y.)
| | - Jiangping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), China (J.S.)
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital; NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, China (Y.S., Y.Z.)
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China (Z.L., J.X., C.X., L.L., N.H., Y.T., X.C., T.W., Z.Y., J.W., X.Y.)
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, China (Z.L., J.X., C.X., L.L., N.H., Y.T., X.C., T.W., Z.Y., J.W., X.Y.)
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Hu Q, Poulose N, Girmay S, Helevä A, Doultsinos D, Gondane A, Steele RE, Liu X, Loda M, Liu S, Tang D, Mills IG, Itkonen HM. Inhibition of CDK9 activity compromises global splicing in prostate cancer cells. RNA Biol 2021; 18:722-729. [PMID: 34592899 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1983287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) phosphorylates RNA polymerase II to promote productive transcription elongation. Here we show that short-term CDK9 inhibition affects the splicing of thousands of mRNAs. CDK9 inhibition impairs global splicing and there is no evidence for a coordinated response between the alternative splicing and the overall transcriptome. Alternative splicing is a feature of aggressive prostate cancer (CRPC) and enables the generation of the anti-androgen resistant version of the ligand-independent androgen receptor, AR-v7. We show that CDK9 inhibition results in the loss of AR and AR-v7 expression due to the defects in splicing, which sensitizes CRPC cells to androgen deprivation. Finally, we demonstrate that CDK9 expression increases as PC cells develop CRPC-phenotype both in vitro and also in patient samples. To conclude, here we show that CDK9 inhibition compromises splicing in PC cells, which can be capitalized on by targeting the PC-specific addiction androgen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ninu Poulose
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel Girmay
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alma Helevä
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dimitrios Doultsinos
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Aishwarya Gondane
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rebecca E Steele
- PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, the Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Xiaozhuo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and Mit, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,The New York Genome Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Dean Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ian G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Harri M Itkonen
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kohler JJ. What sugar does to your pores. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212387. [PMID: 34132758 PMCID: PMC8212696 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
FG-repeat nucleoporins at the center of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) are highly modified with O-GlcNAc. In this issue, Yoo and Mitchison (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202010141) use optogenetic probes to show that O-GlcNAc enhances permeability of the NPC, accelerating transport in both directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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42
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Fahie K, Narayanan B, Zahra F, Reeves R, Fernandes SM, Hart GW, Zachara NE. Detection and Analysis of Proteins Modified by O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e129. [PMID: 34004049 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc is a common post-translational modification of nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytoplasmic proteins that regulates normal physiology and the cell stress response. Dysregulation of O-GlcNAc cycling is implicated in the etiology of type II diabetes, heart failure, hypertension, and Alzheimer's disease, as well as cardioprotection. These protocols cover simple and comprehensive techniques for detecting proteins modified by O-GlcNAc and studying the enzymes that add or remove O-GlcNAc. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Increasing the stoichiometry of O-GlcNAc on proteins before analysis Basic Protocol 2: Detection of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc using antibodies Basic Protocol 3: Detection of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc using the lectin sWGA Support Protocol 1: Control for O-linked glycosylation Basic Protocol 4: Detection and enrichment of proteins using WGA-agarose Support Protocol 2: Digestion of proteins with hexosaminidase Alternate Protocol: Detection of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc using galactosyltransferase Support Protocol 3: Autogalactosylation of galactosyltransferase Support Protocol 4: Assay of galactosyltransferase activity Basic Protocol 5: Characterization of labeled glycans by β-elimination and chromatography Basic Protocol 6: Detection of O-GlcNAc in 96-well plates Basic Protocol 7: Assay for OGT activity Support Protocol 5: Desalting of O-GlcNAc transferase Basic Protocol 8: Assay for O-GlcNAcase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamau Fahie
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Fiddia Zahra
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Russell Reeves
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Current address: Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steve M Fernandes
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gerald W Hart
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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43
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Mammalian cell proliferation requires noncatalytic functions of O-GlcNAc transferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2016778118. [PMID: 33419956 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016778118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of all mammalian cell types, is essential for cell proliferation. Why OGT is required for cell growth is not known. OGT performs two enzymatic reactions in the same active site. In one, it glycosylates thousands of different proteins, and in the other, it proteolytically cleaves another essential protein involved in gene expression. Deconvoluting OGT's myriad cellular roles has been challenging because genetic deletion is lethal; complementation methods have not been established. Here, we developed approaches to replace endogenous OGT with separation-of-function variants to investigate the importance of OGT's enzymatic activities for cell viability. Using genetic complementation, we found that OGT's glycosyltransferase function is required for cell growth but its protease function is dispensable. We next used complementation to construct a cell line with degron-tagged wild-type OGT. When OGT was degraded to very low levels, cells stopped proliferating but remained viable. Adding back catalytically inactive OGT rescued growth. Therefore, OGT has an essential noncatalytic role that is necessary for cell proliferation. By developing a method to quantify how OGT's catalytic and noncatalytic activities affect protein abundance, we found that OGT's noncatalytic functions often affect different proteins from its catalytic functions. Proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and the actin cytoskeleton were especially impacted by the noncatalytic functions. We conclude that OGT integrates both catalytic and noncatalytic functions to control cell physiology.
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44
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Mutanwad KV, Lucyshyn D. Balancing O-GlcNAc and O-fucose in plants. FEBS J 2021; 289:3086-3092. [PMID: 34051053 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
O-linked modification of nuclear and cytosolic proteins with monosaccharides is essential in all eukaryotes. While many aspects of this post-translational modification are highly conserved, there are striking differences between plants and the animal kingdom. In animals, dynamic cycling of O-GlcNAc is established by two essential single copy enzymes, the O-GlcNAc transferase OGT and O-GlcNAc hydrolase OGA. In contrast, plants balance O-GlcNAc with O-fucose modifications, catalyzed by the OGT SECRET AGENT (SEC) and the protein O-fucosyltransferase (POFUT) SPINDLY (SPY). However, specific glycoside hydrolases for either of the two modifications have not yet been identified. Nucleocytoplasmic O-glycosylation is still not very well understood in plants, even though a high number of proteins were found to be affected. One important open question is how specificity is established in a system where only two enzymes modify hundreds of proteins. Here, we discuss the possibility that O-GlcNAc- and O-fucose-binding proteins could introduce an additional flexible layer of regulation in O-glycosylation-mediated signaling pathways, with the potential of integrating internal or external signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Vasant Mutanwad
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Plant Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Plant Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Yoo TY, Mitchison TJ. O-GlcNAc modification of nuclear pore complexes accelerates bidirectional transport. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212033. [PMID: 33909044 PMCID: PMC8091080 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecular transport across the nuclear envelope depends on facilitated diffusion through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). The interior of NPCs contains a permeability barrier made of phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeat domains that selectively facilitates the permeation of cargoes bound to nuclear transport receptors (NTRs). FG-repeat domains in NPCs are a major site of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification, but the functional role of this modification in nucleocytoplasmic transport is unclear. We developed high-throughput assays based on optogenetic probes to quantify the kinetics of nuclear import and export in living human cells. We found that increasing O-GlcNAc modification of the NPC accelerated NTR-facilitated transport of proteins in both directions, and decreasing modification slowed transport. Superresolution imaging revealed strong enrichment of O-GlcNAc at the FG-repeat barrier. O-GlcNAc modification also accelerated passive permeation of a small, inert protein through NPCs. We conclude that O-GlcNAc modification accelerates nucleocytoplasmic transport by enhancing the nonspecific permeability of the FG-repeat barrier, perhaps by steric inhibition of interactions between FG repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yeon Yoo
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy J Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Lin CH, Liao CC, Chen MY, Chou TY. Feedback Regulation of O-GlcNAc Transferase through Translation Control to Maintain Intracellular O-GlcNAc Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073463. [PMID: 33801653 PMCID: PMC8037101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification involving the attachment of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the hydroxyl groups of Ser/Thr residues on numerous nucleocytoplasmic proteins. Two enzymes are responsible for O-GlcNAc cycling on substrate proteins: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition while O-GlcNAcase (OGA) helps the removal of GlcNAc. O-GlcNAcylation modifies protein functions; therefore, dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation affects cell physiology and contributes to pathogenesis. To maintain homeostasis of cellular O-GlcNAcylation, there exists feedback regulation of OGT and OGA expression responding to fluctuations of O-GlcNAc levels; yet, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we investigated the O-GlcNAc-feedback regulation of OGT and OGA expression in lung cancer cells. Results suggest that, upon alterations in O-GlcNAcylation, the regulation of OGA expression occurs at the mRNA level and likely involves epigenetic mechanisms, while modulation of OGT expression is through translation control. Further analyses revealed that the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) contributes to the downregulation of OGT induced by hyper-O-GlcNAcylation; the S5A/S6A O-GlcNAcylation-site mutant of 4E-BP1 cannot support this regulation, suggesting an important role of O-GlcNAcylation. The results provide additional insight into the molecular mechanisms through which cells may fine-tune intracellular O-GlcNAc levels to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Lin
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Chung Liao
- Metabolomics-Proteomics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Metabolomics-Proteomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yu Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.C.); (T.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-7269 (M.-Y.C.); +886-2-2875-7022 (T.-Y.C.)
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.C.); (T.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-7269 (M.-Y.C.); +886-2-2875-7022 (T.-Y.C.)
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47
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Nutrient regulation of the flow of genetic information by O-GlcNAcylation. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:867-880. [PMID: 33769449 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification (PTM) that is actively added to and removed from thousands of intracellular proteins. As a PTM, O-GlcNAcylation tunes the functions of a protein in various ways, such as enzymatic activity, transcriptional activity, subcellular localization, intermolecular interactions, and degradation. Its regulatory roles often interplay with the phosphorylation of the same protein. Governed by 'the Central Dogma', the flow of genetic information is central to all cellular activities. Many proteins regulating this flow are O-GlcNAc modified, and their functions are tuned by the cycling sugar. Herein, we review the regulatory roles of O-GlcNAcylation on the epigenome, in DNA replication and repair, in transcription and in RNA processing, in protein translation and in protein turnover.
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48
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Muha V, Authier F, Szoke-Kovacs Z, Johnson S, Gallagher J, McNeilly A, McCrimmon RJ, Teboul L, van Aalten DMF. Loss of O-GlcNAcase catalytic activity leads to defects in mouse embryogenesis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100439. [PMID: 33610549 PMCID: PMC7988489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an essential post-translational modification that has been implicated in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. O-GlcNAcase (OGA), the sole enzyme catalyzing the removal of O-GlcNAc from proteins, has emerged as a potential drug target. OGA consists of an N-terminal OGA catalytic domain and a C-terminal pseudo histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain with unknown function. To investigate phenotypes specific to loss of OGA catalytic activity and dissect the role of the HAT domain, we generated a constitutive knock-in mouse line, carrying a mutation of a catalytic aspartic acid to alanine. These mice showed perinatal lethality and abnormal embryonic growth with skewed Mendelian ratios after day E18.5. We observed tissue-specific changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis regulation to compensate for loss of OGA activity. Using X-ray microcomputed tomography on late gestation embryos, we identified defects in the kidney, brain, liver, and stomach. Taken together, our data suggest that developmental defects during gestation may arise upon prolonged OGA inhibition specifically because of loss of OGA catalytic activity and independent of the function of the HAT domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Villő Muha
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Florence Authier
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Sara Johnson
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Jennifer Gallagher
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alison McNeilly
- System Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lydia Teboul
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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Arabidopsis ACINUS is O-glycosylated and regulates transcription and alternative splicing of regulators of reproductive transitions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:945. [PMID: 33574257 PMCID: PMC7878923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc modification plays important roles in metabolic regulation of cellular status. Two homologs of O-GlcNAc transferase, SECRET AGENT (SEC) and SPINDLY (SPY), which have O-GlcNAc and O-fucosyl transferase activities, respectively, are essential in Arabidopsis but have largely unknown cellular targets. Here we show that AtACINUS is O-GlcNAcylated and O-fucosylated and mediates regulation of transcription, alternative splicing (AS), and developmental transitions. Knocking-out both AtACINUS and its distant paralog AtPININ causes severe growth defects including dwarfism, delayed seed germination and flowering, and abscisic acid (ABA) hypersensitivity. Transcriptomic and protein-DNA/RNA interaction analyses demonstrate that AtACINUS represses transcription of the flowering repressor FLC and mediates AS of ABH1 and HAB1, two negative regulators of ABA signaling. Proteomic analyses show AtACINUS's O-GlcNAcylation, O-fucosylation, and association with splicing factors, chromatin remodelers, and transcriptional regulators. Some AtACINUS/AtPININ-dependent AS events are altered in the sec and spy mutants, demonstrating a function of O-glycosylation in regulating alternative RNA splicing.
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50
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Monitoring and modulating O-GlcNAcylation: assays and inhibitors of O-GlcNAc processing enzymes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 68:157-165. [PMID: 33535148 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is protein modification that is emerging as a regulator of diverse aspects of cellular physiology. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been linked to several diseases, spurring the creation of methods to detect and perturb the activity of the two enzymes that govern this modification - O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Here we summarize assays used for these two enzymes. We also detail the latest structure-guided development of inhibitors of these two enzymes and touch on selected reports that underscore the utility of inhibitors as tools for uncovering the diverse roles of O-GlcNAc in cell function. Finally, we summarize recent reports on the potential therapeutic benefits of antagonizing these enzymes and comment on outstanding challenges within the field.
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