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Dorshow RB, Debreczeny MP, Goldstein SL, Shieh JJ. Clinical validation of the novel fluorescent glomerular filtration rate tracer agent relmapirazin (MB-102). Kidney Int 2024; 106:679-687. [PMID: 38964736 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The fluorescent compound relmapirazin has been rationally designed for use in point-of-care measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), with attributes including negligible protein binding, negligible metabolites in vivo, negligible tubular secretion, and excellent chemical and photo stability. Twenty-four nonclinical assays were performed in accordance with FDA requirements yielding negligible toxicology concerns. Here, a clinical study was performed to validate relmapirazin as a GFR tracer in patients by comparison to iohexol. This was evaluated in 120 adults at three clinical sites with eGFR values ranging from normal to Stage 4 chronic kidney disease. Relmapirazin and iohexol were administered intravenously in consecutive boluses to each subject and serial blood samples obtained over the subsequent 12 hours. Plasma concentrations were measured and the corresponding plasma GFR for each agent was determined using a standard two-compartment pharmacokinetic assessment. Urine from each subject was collected for the entire 12-hour study period to measure the amount of administered dose appearing in the urine. A near perfect linear regression correlation was observed between the GFRs measured by these two tracers (r2=0.99). Bland-Altman analysis confirmed agreement between these two measures of GFR (limits of agreement -7.0 to +5.6 mL/min; mean of -0.7 mL/min). The GFR determined by relmapirazin was independent of GFR stratification by chronic kidney disease stage, and importantly by race. The percent of the administered relmapirazin dose recovered in the urine was greater than or equal to that of iohexol with no reported severe adverse events. Thus, relmapirazin may be used as a GFR tracer agent in humans.
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Xin Y, Liu Y, Liu L, Wang X, Wang D, Song Y, Shen L, Liu Y, Liu Y, Peng Y, Wang X, Zhou Y, Li H, Zhou Y, Huang P, Yuan M, Xiao Y, Yu K, Wang C. Dynamic changes in the real-time glomerular filtration rate and kidney injury markers in different acute kidney injury models. J Transl Med 2024; 22:857. [PMID: 39334187 PMCID: PMC11430329 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we dynamically monitored the glomerular filtration rate and other assessment of renal function and markers of injury in various mice models of acute kidney injury. Male C57BL/6 mice were utilized to establish acute kidney injury models of sepsis, ischemia reperfusion, cisplatin, folic acid, aristolochic acid and antibiotic. In addition to the real time glomerular filtration rate, renal LCN-2 and HAVCR-1 mRNA expression levels, and serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and cystatin c levels were also used to evaluate renal function. In addition, the protein levels of LCN-2 and HAVCR-1 in renal, serum and urine were measured. Our results demonstrated that the changes in biomarkers always lagged the real time glomerular filtration rate during the progression and recovery of renal injury. Cystatin-c can reflect renal injury earlier than other markers, but it remains higher in the recovery stage. Perhaps the glomerular filtration rate does not reflect the greater injury caused by vancomycin plus piperacillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanqi Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Linqiong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Rd, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuchen Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lifeng Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yahui Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xibo Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongxu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Mengyao Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kaijiang Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China.
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Changsong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150007, China.
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- Heilongjiang provincial key laboratory of critical care medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Burmakin M, Gilmour PS, Gram M, Shushakova N, Sandoval RM, Molitoris BA, Larsson TE. Therapeutic α-1-microglobulin ameliorates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F103-F112. [PMID: 38779750 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00067.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
α-1-Microglobulin (A1M) is a circulating glycoprotein with antioxidant, heme-binding, and mitochondrial protection properties. The investigational drug RMC-035, a modified therapeutic A1M protein, was assessed for biodistribution and pharmacological activity in a broad set of in vitro and in vivo experiments, supporting its clinical development. Efficacy and treatment posology were assessed in various models of kidney ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). Real-time glomerular filtration rate (GFR), functional renal biomarkers, tubular injury biomarkers (NGAL and KIM-1), and histopathology were evaluated. Fluorescently labeled RMC-035 was used to assess biodistribution. RMC-035 demonstrated consistent and reproducible kidney protection in rat IRI models as well as in a model of IRI imposed on renal impairment and in a mouse IRI model, where it reduced mortality. Its pharmacological activity was most pronounced with combined dosing pre- and post-ischemia and weaker with either pre- or post-ischemia dosing alone. RMC-035 rapidly distributed to the kidneys via glomerular filtration and selective luminal uptake by proximal tubular cells. IRI-induced expression of kidney heme oxygenase-1 was inhibited by RMC-035, consistent with its antioxidative properties. RMC-035 also dampened IRI-associated inflammation and improved mitochondrial function, as shown by tubular autofluorescence. Taken together, the efficacy of RMC-035 is congruent with its targeted mechanism(s) and biodistribution profile, supporting its further clinical evaluation as a novel kidney-protective therapy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A therapeutic A1M protein variant (RMC-035) is currently in phase 2 clinical development for renal protection in patients undergoing open-chest cardiac surgery. It targets several key pathways underlying kidney injury in this patient group, including oxidative stress, heme toxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. RMC-035 is rapidly eliminated from plasma, distributing to kidney proximal tubules, and demonstrates dose-dependent efficacy in numerous models of ischemia-reperfusion injury, particularly when administered before ischemia. These results support its continued clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Burmakin
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Guard Therapeutics International AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Gram
- Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neonatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nelli Shushakova
- Renal Disease and Transplantation, Phenos GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruben M Sandoval
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Bruce A Molitoris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Tobias E Larsson
- Guard Therapeutics International AB, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Pieters TT, Besseling PJ, Bovée DM, Rookmaaker MB, Verhaar MC, Yard B, Hoorn EJ, Joles JA. Discrepancies between transcutaneous and estimated glomerular filtration rates in rats with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2024; 105:1212-1220. [PMID: 38514000 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Accurate assessment of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is crucial for researching kidney disease in rats. Although validation of methods that assess GFR is crucial, large-scale comparisons between different methods are lacking. Both transcutaneous GFR (tGFR) and a newly developed estimated GFR (eGFR) equation by our group provide a low-invasive approach enabling repeated measurements. The tGFR is a single bolus method using FITC-labeled sinistrin to measure GFR based on half-life of the transcutaneous signal, whilst the eGFR is based on urinary sinistrin clearance. Here, we retrospectively compared tGFR, using both 1- and 3- compartment models (tGFR_1c and tGFR_3c, respectively) to the eGFR in a historic cohort of 43 healthy male rats and 84 male rats with various models of chronic kidney disease. The eGFR was on average considerably lower than tGFR-1c and tGFR-3c (mean differences 855 and 216 μL/min, respectively) and only 20 and 47% of measurements were within 30% of each other, respectively. The relative difference between eGFR and tGFR was highest in rats with the lowest GFR. Possible explanations for the divergence are problems inherent to tGFR, such as technical issues with signal measurement, description of the signal kinetics, and translation of half-life to tGFR, which depends on distribution volume. The unknown impact of isoflurane anesthesia used in determining mGFR remains a limiting factor. Thus, our study shows that there is a severe disagreement between GFR measured by tGFR and eGFR, stressing the need for more rigorous validation of the tGFR and possible adjustments to the underlying technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias T Pieters
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Besseling
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique M Bovée
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten B Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Benito Yard
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Cruz-López EO, Ye D, Stolk DG, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, van Veghel R, Garrelds IM, Poglitsch M, Domenig O, Alipour Symakani RS, Merkus D, Verdonk K, Jan Danser AH. Combining renin-angiotensin system blockade and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition in experimental diabetes results in synergistic beneficial effects. J Hypertens 2024; 42:883-892. [PMID: 38088400 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition exerts cardioprotective and renoprotective effects, often on top of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade. We investigated this in diabetic hypertensive (mREN2)27 rats. METHODS Rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin and treated with vehicle, the angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan, the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin, or their combination. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by telemetry. RESULTS Diabetes resulted in albuminuria, accompanied by glomerulosclerosis, without a change in glomerular filtration rate. Empagliflozin did not lower BP, while valsartan did, and when combined the BP drop was largest. Only dual blockade reduced cardiac hypertrophy and prevented left ventricular dilatation. Valsartan, but not empagliflozin, increased renin, and the largest renin rise occurred during dual blockade, resulting in plasma angiotensin II [but not angiotensin-(1-7)] upregulation. In contrast, in the kidney, valsartan lowered angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7), and empagliflozin did not alter this. Although both valsartan and empagliflozin alone tended to diminish albuminuria, the reduction was significant only when both drugs were combined. This was accompanied by reduced glomerulosclerosis, no change in glomerular filtration rate, and a favorable expression pattern of fibrosis and inflammatory markers (including SGLT2) in the kidney. CONCLUSION RAS blockade and SGLT2 inhibition display synergistic beneficial effects on BP, kidney injury and cardiac hypertrophy in a rat with hypertension and diabetes. The synergy does not involve upregulation of angiotensin-(1-7), but may relate to direct RAS-independent effects of empagliflozin in the heart and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwyn O Cruz-López
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Dien Ye
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Daniel G Stolk
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Richard van Veghel
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Ingrid M Garrelds
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | - Rahi S Alipour Symakani
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Partner Site Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Koen Verdonk
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine
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van Dorst DCH, Mirabito Colafella KM, van Veghel R, Garrelds IM, de Vries R, Mathijssen RHJ, Danser AHJ, Versmissen J. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition prevents renal toxicity but not hypertension during sunitinib treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 962:176199. [PMID: 38029870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticancer angiogenesis inhibitors cause hypertension and renal injury. Previously we observed in rats that high-dose aspirin (capable of blocking cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and-2) was superior to low-dose aspirin (blocking COX-1 only) to prevent these side-effects during treatment with the angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib, suggesting a role for COX-2. High-dose aspirin additionally prevented the rise in COX-derived prostacyclin (PGI2). Therefore, we studied the preventive effects of selective COX-2 inhibition and the hypothesized contributing role of PGI2 during angiogenesis inhibition. METHODS Male WKY rats received vehicle, sunitinib ((SU), 14 mg/kg/day) alone or combined with COX-2 inhibition (celecoxib, 10 mg/kg/day) or a PGI2 analogue (iloprost, 100 μg/kg/day) for 8 days (n = 8-9 per group). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured via radiotelemetry, biochemical measurements were performed via ELISA and vascular function was assessed via wire myography. RESULTS SU increased MAP (17±1mmHg versus 3±1mmHg after vehicle on day 4, P < 0.002), which could not be significantly blunted by celecoxib (+12±3mmHg on day 4, P = 0.247), but was temporarily attenuated by iloprost (treatment days 1 + 2 only). Urinary PGI2 (996 ± 112 versus 51 ± 11ng/24h after vehicle, P < 0.001), but not circulating PGI2 increased during SU, which remained unaffected by celecoxib and iloprost. Celecoxib reduced sunitinib-induced albuminuria (0.36 ± 0.05 versus 0.58 ± 0.05mg/24h after SU, P = 0.005). Wire myography demonstrated increased vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 after SU (Emax P = 0.005 versus vehicle), which remained unaffected by celecoxib or iloprost. CONCLUSION Selective COX-2 inhibition ameliorates albuminuria during angiogenesis inhibition with sunitinib, which most likely acts independently of PGI2. To combat angiogenesis inhibitor-induced hypertension, dual rather than selective COX-1/2 blockade seems preferential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan C H van Dorst
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Katrina M Mirabito Colafella
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard van Veghel
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Garrelds
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René de Vries
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorie Versmissen
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Hettler SA, Picascia T, Pastene DO, Vajpayee S, Perciaccante R, Yard BA, Gretz N, Krämer BK. Hyperfiltration can be detected by transcutaneous assessment of glomerular filtration rate in diabetic obese mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1558-C1566. [PMID: 37955125 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00483.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We addressed if hyperfiltration can be assessed transcutaneously in male diabetic obese mice (BTBRob/ob) at 12 and 24 wk and how this relates to glomerular parameters indicative for hyperfiltration. Transcutaneous assessment of FITC-Sinistrin clearance [transcutaneous assessment of glomerular filtration rate (tGFR)] was compared against classical plasma clearance. Kidney from SV620C-01-PEI perfused mice were harvested at 24 wk and processed for tissue clearing and classical histology. Perfusion patterns of glomerular capillaries, glomerular size, and vasodilation of the afferent arterioles were assessed. Although at 12 wk FITC-Sinistrin half-life (t1/2) for both tGFR and plasma clearance suggested hyperfiltration, this was not significant anymore at 24 wk. In kidneys of diabetic mice the diameter of the afferent arteriole was significantly larger and positively correlated with glomerular size. Glomerular perfusion pattern in these mice was heterogeneous ranging from non- to well-perfused glomeruli. Nonperfused glomerular areas displayed a strong periodic acid-Schiff's (PAS) positive staining. Collectively our data demonstrate that tGFR is a valid method to detect hyperfiltration. Hyperfiltration occurs early in BTBRob/ob mice and disappears with disease progression as a consequence of a reduced filtration surface. It remains to be assessed if tGFR is also a valid method in diabetic mice with severely compromised renal function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY tGFR measurement is a relatively new method to assess kidney function in conscious rodents, which can be repeated multiple times in the same animal to track the course of the disease and/or the effect of potential treatments. Since the literature was inconclusive on the suitability of this technique in obese mice, we validated it for the first time against classical plasma clearance in the commonly used BTBRob/ob mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen A Hettler
- Vth Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tiziana Picascia
- Medical Research Center, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Diego O Pastene
- V Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Benito A Yard
- V Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- V Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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8
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Teixido-Trujillo S, Luis-Lima S, López-Martínez M, Navarro-Díaz M, Díaz-Martín L, Escasany-Martínez E, Gaspari F, Rodríguez-Rodríguez AE. Measured GFR in murine animal models: review on methods, techniques, and procedures. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1241-1250. [PMID: 37552296 PMCID: PMC10567863 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, with increasing rates of morbidity and mortality. Thus, early detection is essential to prevent severe adverse events and the progression of kidney disease to an end stage. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the most appropriate index to evaluate renal function in both clinical practice and basic medical research. Several animal models have been developed to understand renal disease induction and progression. Specifically, murine models are useful to study the pathogenesis of renal damage, so a reliable determination of GFR is essential to evaluate the progression of CKD. However, as in clinical practise, the estimation of GFR in murine by levels of serum/urine creatinine or cystatin-C could not be accurate and needed other more reliable methods. As an alternative, the measurement of GFR by the clearance of exogenous markers like inulin, sinistrin, 51Cr-EDTA, 99mTc-DTPA, 125I-iothalamate, or iohexol could be performed. Nevertheless, both approaches-estimation or measurement of GFR-have their limitations and a standard method for the GFR determination has not been defined. Altogether, in this review, we aim to give an overview of the current methods for GFR assessment in murine models, describing each methodology and focusing on their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Teixido-Trujillo
- Universidad de La Laguna, Faculty of Medicine, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Sergio Luis-Lima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Maruja Navarro-Díaz
- Department of Nephology, Hospital de Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Díaz-Martín
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de la Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Elia Escasany-Martínez
- Lipobeta group. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Flavio Gaspari
- Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri (IRCCS), Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases 'Aldo & Cele Daccò, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ana Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Universidad de La Laguna, Faculty of Medicine, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de la Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
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9
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Ahmad A, Shi J, Ansari S, Merscher S, Pollack A, Zeidan Y, Fornoni A, Marples B. Radiation nephropathy: Mechanisms of injury and recovery in a murine model. Radiother Oncol 2023; 187:109813. [PMID: 37468066 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation nephropathy (RN) can be a severe late complication for patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) targeting abdominal and paraspinal tumors. Recent studies investigating the mechanisms of RT-mediated injury in the kidney have demonstrated that RT disrupts the cellular integrity of renal podocytes leading to cell death and loss of renal function. AIM To determine if RT-induced renal dysfunction is associated with alterations in podocyte and glomerular function, and whether RT-induced podocyte alterations were associated with changes in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated with focal bilateral X-irradiation using a single dose (SD) of 4 Gy, 10 Gy, or 14 Gy or fractionated dosing (FD) of 5x6Gy or 24x2Gy. Then, 10-40 weeks after RT parameters of renal function were measured, along with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and glomerular histology, as well as ultrastructural changes in GBM by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS RT treatment resulted in persistent changes in renal function beginning at 10 weeks with little recovery up to 40 weeks post RT. Dose dependent changes were seen with increasing SD but no functional sparing was evident after FD. RT-induced loss of renal function was associated with expansion of the GBM and significant increases in foot process width, and associated with significant reduction in GFR, podocyte loss, and renal fibrosis. CONCLUSION For the first time, these data show that expansion of the GBM is one consequence of radiation injury, and disarrangement of the GBM might be associated with the death of podocytes. These data shed new light on the role podocyte injury and GBM in RT-induced renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center/Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Junwei Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center/Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Saba Ansari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center/Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alan Pollack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center/Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Youssef Zeidan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, American University of Beirut (AUB) School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brian Marples
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center/Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave. Box 647 Rochester, NY, USA.
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10
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Grashei M, Wodtke P, Skinner JG, Sühnel S, Setzer N, Metzler T, Gulde S, Park M, Witt D, Mohr H, Hundshammer C, Strittmatter N, Pellegata NS, Steiger K, Schilling F. Simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging of pH, perfusion and renal filtration using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled Z-OMPD. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5060. [PMID: 37604826 PMCID: PMC10442412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
pH alterations are a hallmark of many pathologies including cancer and kidney disease. Here, we introduce [1,5-13C2]Z-OMPD as a hyperpolarized extracellular pH and perfusion sensor for MRI which allows to generate a multiparametric fingerprint of renal disease status and to detect local tumor acidification. Exceptional long T1 of two minutes at 1 T, high pH sensitivity of up to 1.9 ppm per pH unit and suitability of using the C1-label as internal frequency reference enables pH imaging in vivo of three pH compartments in healthy rat kidneys. Spectrally selective targeting of both 13C-resonances enables simultaneous imaging of perfusion and filtration in 3D and pH in 2D within one minute to quantify renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rates and renal pH in healthy and hydronephrotic kidneys with superior sensitivity compared to clinical routine methods. Imaging multiple biomarkers within a single session renders [1,5-13C2]Z-OMPD a promising new hyperpolarized agent for oncology and nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal Wodtke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jason G Skinner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Sühnel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Setzer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Metzler
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gulde
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mihyun Park
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Daniela Witt
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hermine Mohr
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Natalia S Pellegata
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Chan G, Pino CJ, Johnston KA, Humes HD. Estimating Changes in Glomerular Filtration Rate With Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-Sinistrin During Renal Replacement Therapy. ASAIO J 2023; 69:810-815. [PMID: 37104481 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Excreted exclusively by the kidneys, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-sinistrin can be used to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and is detectable transdermally. Determination of changes in native kidney GFR (NK-GFR) in patients with acute kidney injury, particularly during continuous renal replacement therapy, improves clinical decision-making capability. To test feasibility of measuring changes in NK-GFR during CRRT with FITC-sinistrin, in vitro circuits (n = 2) were utilized to simultaneously clear FITC-sinistrin by removal of ultrafiltrate at varying rates, simulating kidney function, and by dialysis at a constant rate. Clearance calculated by fluorescence-measuring devices on the circuit showed good agreement with clearance calculated from assay of fluid samples ( R2 = 0.949). In vivo feasibility was studied by dialyzing anesthetized pigs (n = 3) and measuring FITC-sinistrin clearance during progression from normal, to unilaterally, then bilaterally nephrectomized. FITC-sinistrin clearance was reduced in vitro , when ultrafiltrate was decreased or with successive nephrectomies in vivo . Transdermal readers showed 100% sensitivity in detecting a decrease in NK-GFR in pigs with a bias of 6.5 ± 13.4% between transdermal-derived GFR (tGFR) and plasma-measured methods determining proportional changes in clearance. Clearance of FITC-sinistrin by dialysis remained consistent. In patients receiving a constant dialysis prescription, transdermal measurement of FITC-sinistrin can detect relative changes in NK-GFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goldia Chan
- From the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher J Pino
- Innovative BioTherapies, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kimberly A Johnston
- Innovative BioTherapies, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - H David Humes
- Innovative BioTherapies, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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12
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Parvin I, Gauthier MM, Dennis MR, Encinas NM, Nangia EL, Schwartz KL, Banek CT. Sequential afferent and sympathetic renal denervation impact on cardiovascular and renal homeostasis in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. Life Sci 2023; 325:121768. [PMID: 37169146 PMCID: PMC10225348 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Renal denervation (RDNx) is emerging as a promising treatment for cardiovascular disease, yet the underlying mechanisms and contributions of afferent (sensory) and efferent (sympathetic) renal nerves in healthy conditions remains limited. We hypothesize that sympathetic renal nerves contribute to long-term MAP and renal function, whereas afferent renal nerves do not contribute to the maintenance of cardiovascular and renal function. To test this hypothesis, we performed two experiments. In experiment one, we performed total renal denervation (T-RDNx), ablating afferent and sympathetic renal nerves, in normotensive adult SD rats to determine effects on MAP and renal function. Experiment 2 employed a sequential surgical ablation using: (1) afferent targeted renal denervation (A-RDNx), then (2) sympathetic (T-RDNx) denervation to determine the individual contributions to cardiovascular and renal homeostasis. In experiment 1, MAP decreased following T-RDNx and GFR increased. In experiment 2, A-RDNx led to an increase in MAP but did not change renal function. In contrast, T-RDNx decreased MAP and improved renal filtration. Together, these data partially support our hypothesis that renal sympathetic nerves contribute to the chronic regulation of arterial pressure and renal function. Contrary to the hypothesis, A-RDNx produced an increase in MAP without a detected change in renal function. We concluded that renal sympathetic nerves influence MAP and renal function regulation through a well-defined tonic contribution to renal vascular resistance and sodium reabsorption, whereas afferent renal nerves likely contribute to the maintenance of MAP through a tonic sympatho-inhibitory, negative feedback regulation in the normotensive, healthy rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irin Parvin
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Madeline M Gauthier
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa R Dennis
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Noah M Encinas
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ellen L Nangia
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kyle L Schwartz
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher T Banek
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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13
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Kious KW, Savage KA, Twohey SCE, Highum AF, Philipose A, Díaz HS, Del Rio R, Lang JA, Clayton SC, Marcus NJ. Chronic intermittent hypoxia promotes glomerular hyperfiltration and potentiates hypoxia-evoked decreases in renal perfusion and PO 2. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1235289. [PMID: 37485067 PMCID: PMC10358516 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1235289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sleep apnea (SA) is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease and may contribute to the development and/or progression of this condition. Previous studies suggest that dysregulation of renal hemodynamics and oxygen flux may play a key role in this process. The present study sought to determine how chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) associated with SA affects regulation of renal artery blood flow (RBF), renal microcirculatory perfusion (RP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and cortical and medullary tissue PO2 as well as expression of genes that could contribute to renal injury. We hypothesized that normoxic RBF and tissue PO2 would be reduced after CIH, but that GFR would be increased relative to baseline, and that RBF, RP, and tissue PO2 would be decreased to a greater extent in CIH vs. sham during exposure to intermittent asphyxia (IA, FiO2 0.10/FiCO2 0.03). Additionally, we hypothesized that gene programs promoting oxidative stress and fibrosis would be activated by CIH in renal tissue. Methods: All physiological variables were measured at baseline (FiO2 0.21) and during exposure to 10 episodes of IA (excluding GFR). Results: GFR was higher in CIH-conditioned vs. sham (p < 0.05), whereas normoxic RBF and renal tissue PO2 were significantly lower in CIH vs. sham (p < 0.05). Reductions in RBF, RP, and renal tissue PO2 during IA occurred in both groups but to a greater extent in CIH (p < 0.05). Pro-oxidative and pro-fibrotic gene programs were activated in renal tissue from CIH but not sham. Conclusion: CIH adversely affects renal hemodynamic regulation and oxygen flux during both normoxia and IA and results in changes in renal tissue gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiefer W. Kious
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Kalie A. Savage
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Stephanie C. E. Twohey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, United States
- Department of Biology, Simpson College, Indianola, IA, United States
| | - Aubrey F. Highum
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Andrew Philipose
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Hugo S. Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - James A. Lang
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sarah C. Clayton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Noah J. Marcus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, United States
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14
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Jensen MS, de Araujo IBBA, Mutsaers HAM, Nørregaard R. Transcutaneous measurement of renal function in two rodent models of obstructive nephropathy. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:119. [PMID: 37365638 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a key indicator of renal function. In both clinical practice and pre-clinical research, serum levels of endogenous filtration markers, such as creatinine, are often used to estimate GFR. However, these markers often do not reflect minor changes in renal function. In this study, we therefore set out to evaluate the applicability of transcutaneous GFR (tGFR) measurements to monitor the changes in renal function, as compared to plasma creatinine (pCreatinine), in two models of obstructive nephropathy, namely unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or bilateral ureteral obstruction followed by release (BUO-R) in male Wistar rats. RESULTS UUO animals showed a significant reduction in tGFR compared to baseline; whereas pCreatinine levels were not significantly changed. In BUO animals, tGFR drops 24 h post BUO and remains lower upon release of the obstruction until day 11. Concomitantly, pCreatinine levels were also increased 24 h after obstruction and 24 h post release, however after 4 days, pCreatinine returned to baseline levels. In conclusion, this study revealed that the tGFR method is superior at detecting minor changes in renal function as compared to pCreatinine measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schou Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark
| | | | - Henricus A M Mutsaers
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 11, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Denmark.
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15
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Orieux A, Samson C, Pieroni L, Drouin S, Dang Van S, Migeon T, Frere P, Brunet D, Buob D, Hadchouel J, Guihaire J, Mercier O, Galichon P. Pulmonary hypertension without heart failure causes cardiorenal syndrome in a porcine model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9130. [PMID: 37277538 PMCID: PMC10241877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndromes type 1 and 2 are complex disorders in which cardiac dysfunction leads to kidney dysfunction. However, the mechanisms remain incompletely explained, during pulmonary hypertension in particular. The objective of this study is to develop an original preclinical model of cardiorenal syndrome secondary to a pulmonary hypertension in piglets. Twelve 2-month-old Large White piglets were randomized in two groups: (1) induction of pulmonary hypertension by ligation of the left pulmonary artery and iterative embolizations of the right lower pulmonary artery, or (2) Sham interventions. We evaluated the cardiac function using right heart catheterization, echocardiography and measurement of biochemistry markers). Kidney was characterized using laboratory blood and urine tests, histological evaluation, immunostainings for renal damage and repair, and a longitudinal weekly assessment of the glomerular filtration rate using creatinine-based estimation and intravenous injection of an exogenous tracer on one piglet. At the end of the protocol (6 weeks), the mean pulmonary artery pressure (32 ± 10 vs. 13 ± 2 mmHg; p = 0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance (9.3 ± 4.7 vs. 2.5 ± 0.4 WU; p = 0.004) and central venous pressure were significantly higher in the pulmonary hypertension group while the cardiac index was not different. Piglets with pulmonary hypertension had higher troponin I. We found significant tubular damage and an increase in albuminuria in the pulmonary hypertension group and negative correlation between pulmonary hypertension and renal function. We report here the first porcine model of cardiorenal syndrome secondary to pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Orieux
- INSERM UMR_S1155 Bâtiment Recherche, CoRaKiD, Hôpital Tenon, 4 Rue de La Chine, 75020, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Samson
- INSERM UMR_S1155 Bâtiment Recherche, CoRaKiD, Hôpital Tenon, 4 Rue de La Chine, 75020, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Pieroni
- INSERM UMR_S1155 Bâtiment Recherche, CoRaKiD, Hôpital Tenon, 4 Rue de La Chine, 75020, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- AP-HP Hôpital Tenon - Service de Biochimie, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Drouin
- INSERM UMR_S1155 Bâtiment Recherche, CoRaKiD, Hôpital Tenon, 4 Rue de La Chine, 75020, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Service Médico Chirurgical de Transplantation Rénale, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Simon Dang Van
- INSERM UMR_S999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue - Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Transplantation Cardio-Thoracique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue - Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Tiffany Migeon
- INSERM UMR_S1155 Bâtiment Recherche, CoRaKiD, Hôpital Tenon, 4 Rue de La Chine, 75020, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Perrine Frere
- INSERM UMR_S1155 Bâtiment Recherche, CoRaKiD, Hôpital Tenon, 4 Rue de La Chine, 75020, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Dorothée Brunet
- INSERM UMR_S999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue - Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Transplantation Cardio-Thoracique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue - Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - David Buob
- INSERM UMR_S1155 Bâtiment Recherche, CoRaKiD, Hôpital Tenon, 4 Rue de La Chine, 75020, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- AP-HP Hôpital Tenon - Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Hadchouel
- INSERM UMR_S1155 Bâtiment Recherche, CoRaKiD, Hôpital Tenon, 4 Rue de La Chine, 75020, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Julien Guihaire
- INSERM UMR_S999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue - Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Transplantation Cardio-Thoracique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue - Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Olaf Mercier
- INSERM UMR_S999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue - Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Le Plessis Robinson, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Transplantation Cardio-Thoracique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue - Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Pierre Galichon
- INSERM UMR_S1155 Bâtiment Recherche, CoRaKiD, Hôpital Tenon, 4 Rue de La Chine, 75020, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Service Médico Chirurgical de Transplantation Rénale, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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16
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Messaoudi H, Levesque T, Perzo N, Berg E, Feugray G, Dumesnil A, Brunel V, Guerrot D, Eltchaninoff H, Richard V, Kamel S, Durand E, Bennis Y, Bellien J. Subtotal Nephrectomy Associated with a High-Phosphate Diet in Rats Mimics the Development of Calcified Aortic Valve Disease Associated with Chronic Renal Failure. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041539. [PMID: 36836075 PMCID: PMC9963294 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. This study addressed the hypothesis that subtotal nephrectomy associated with a high-phosphorus diet (5/6Nx + P) in rats represents a suitable animal model to mimic the cardiovascular consequences of chronic kidney disease (CKD) including calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD). Indeed, the latter contributes to the high morbidity and mortality of CKD patients and sorely lacks preclinical models for pathophysiological and pharmacological studies. Methods. Renal and cardiovascular function and structure were compared between sham-operated and 5/6 Nx rats + P 10 to 12 weeks after surgery. Results. As expected, 11 weeks after surgery, 5/6Nx + P rats developed CKD as demonstrated by their increase in plasma creatinine and urea nitrogen and decrease in glomerular filtration rate, estimated by using fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labelled sinistrin, anemia, polyuria, and polydipsia compared to sham-operated animals on a normal-phosphorus diet. At the vascular level, 5/6Nx + P rats had an increase in the calcium content of the aorta; a decrease in mesenteric artery dilatation in response to a stepwise increase in flow, illustrating the vascular dysfunction; and an increase in blood pressure. Moreover, immunohistology showed a marked deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals in the aortic valve of 5/6Nx + P rats. Echocardiography demonstrated that this was associated with a decrease in aortic valve cusp separation and an increase in aortic valve mean pressure gradient and in peak aortic valve velocity. Left-ventricular diastolic and systolic dysfunction as well as fibrosis were also present in 5/6Nx + P rats. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that 5/6Nx + P recapitulates the cardiovascular consequences observed in humans with CKD. In particular, the initiation of CAVD was shown, highlighting the interest of this animal model to study the mechanisms involved in the development of aortic stenosis and test new therapeutic strategies at an early stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Messaoudi
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Levesque
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Cardiology, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Perzo
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Elodie Berg
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Guillaume Feugray
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Department of General Biochemistry, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Anaïs Dumesnil
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Valéry Brunel
- Department of General Biochemistry, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Guerrot
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Nephrology, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Hélène Eltchaninoff
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Cardiology, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Pharmacology, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Saïd Kamel
- UR UPJV 7517, Mécanismes Physiopathologiques et Conséquences des Calcifications Cardiovasculaires (MP3CV), Centre de Recherche Universitaire en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, F-80054 Amiens, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, F-80054 Amiens, France
| | - Eric Durand
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Cardiology, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Youssef Bennis
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
- UR UPJV 7517, Mécanismes Physiopathologiques et Conséquences des Calcifications Cardiovasculaires (MP3CV), Centre de Recherche Universitaire en Santé, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, F-80054 Amiens, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, F-80054 Amiens, France
| | - Jérémy Bellien
- INSERM EnVI UMR 1096, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Pharmacology, CHU Rouen, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-35-14-83-68
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17
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Ashraf UM, Atari E, Alasmari F, Waghulde H, Kumar V, Sari Y, Najjar SM, Jose PA, Kumarasamy S. Intrarenal Dopaminergic System Is Dysregulated in SS- Resp18mutant Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:111. [PMID: 36672619 PMCID: PMC9855394 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic and molecular basis of developing high blood pressure and renal disease are not well known. Resp18mutant Dahl salt-sensitive (SS-Resp18mutant) rats fed a 2% NaCl diet for six weeks have high blood pressure, increased renal fibrosis, and decreased mean survival time. Impairment of the dopaminergic system also leads to hypertension that involves renal and non-renal mechanisms. Deletion of any of the five dopamine receptors may lead to salt-sensitive hypertension. Therefore, we investigated the interaction between Resp18 and renal dopamine in SS-Resp18mutant and Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats. We found that SS-Resp18mutant rats had vascular dysfunction, as evidenced by a decrease in vasorelaxation in response to sodium nitroprusside. The pressure-natriuresis curve in SS-Resp18mutant rats was shifted down and to the right of SS rats. SS-Resp18mutant rats had decreased glomerular filtration rate and dopamine receptor subtypes, D1R and D5R. Renal dopamine levels were decreased, but urinary dopamine levels were increased, which may be the consequence of increased renal dopamine production, followed by secretion into the tubular lumen. The increased renal dopamine production in SS-Resp18mutant rats in vivo was substantiated by the increased dopamine production in renal proximal tubule cells treated with L-DOPA. Overall, our study provides evidence that targeted disruption of the Resp18 locus in the SS rat dysregulates the renal dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman M. Ashraf
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Ealla Atari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Harshal Waghulde
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Sonia M. Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Kidney Diseases & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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18
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Mullins TP, Schock-Kusch D, Gallo LA. Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Preclinical Research. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2664:309-315. [PMID: 37423996 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3179-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is essential to understanding renal physiology, including the monitoring of disease progression and treatment effectiveness. Transdermal measurement of glomerular filtration rate (tGFR) using a miniaturized fluorescence monitor in combination with a fluorescent exogenous GFR tracer has become a common technique to measure GFR in the preclinical setting, especially in rodent models. It allows for close to real-time measurement of GFR in conscious unrestrained animals and overcomes several limitations of other GFR measures. Its widespread use is reflected by published research articles and conference abstracts from different research fields, including in the assessment of new and existing kidney therapeutics, evaluation of nephrotoxicity, screening of novel chemical or medical agents, and fundamental understanding of kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Mullins
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Schock-Kusch
- Institute of Process Control and Innovative Energy Conversion, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Linda A Gallo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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19
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Cruz-López EO, Ren L, Uijl E, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, van Veghel R, Garrelds IM, Domenig O, Poglitsch M, Zlatev I, Rooney T, Kasper A, Nioi P, Foster D, Danser AHJ. Blood pressure-independent renoprotective effects of small interference RNA targeting liver angiotensinogen in experimental diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:80-93. [PMID: 36106615 PMCID: PMC10091936 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting liver angiotensinogen lowers blood pressure, but its effects in hypertensive diabetes are unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH To address this, TGR (mRen2)27 rats (angiotensin II-dependent hypertension model) were made diabetic with streptozotocin over 18 weeks and treated with either vehicle, angiotensinogen siRNA, the AT1 antagonist valsartan, the ACE inhibitor captopril, valsartan + siRNA or valsartan + captopril for the final 3 weeks. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured via radiotelemetry. KEY RESULTS MAP before treatment was 153 ± 2 mmHg. Diabetes resulted in albuminuria, accompanied by glomerulosclerosis and podocyte effacement, without a change in glomerular filtration rate. All treatments lowered MAP and cardiac hypertrophy, and the largest drop in MAP was observed with siRNA + valsartan. Treatment with siRNA lowered circulating angiotensinogen by >99%, and the lowest circulating angiotensin II and aldosterone levels occurred in the dual treatment groups. Angiotensinogen siRNA did not affect renal angiotensinogen mRNA expression, confirming its liver-specificity. Furthermore, only siRNA with or without valsartan lowered renal angiotensin I. All treatments lowered renal angiotensin II and the reduction was largest (>95%) in the siRNA + valsartan group. All treatments identically lowered albuminuria, whereas only siRNA with or without valsartan restored podocyte foot processes and reduced glomerulosclerosis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Angiotensinogen siRNA exerts renoprotection in diabetic TGR (mRen2)27 rats and this relies, at least in part, on the suppression of renal angiotensin II formation from liver-derived angiotensinogen. Clinical trials should now address whether this is also beneficial in human diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwyn O Cruz-López
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liwei Ren
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Estrellita Uijl
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marian C Clahsen-van Groningen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard van Veghel
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Garrelds
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ivan Zlatev
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Anne Kasper
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Nioi
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Don Foster
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Wang Y, Bai L, Wen J, Zhang F, Gu S, Wang F, Yin J, Wang N. Cardiac-specific renalase overexpression alleviates CKD-induced pathological cardiac remodeling in mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1061146. [PMID: 36588579 PMCID: PMC9798007 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction CKD-induced pathological cardiac remodeling is characterized by myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. The available therapeutic options are limited, it is thus urgently needed to identify novel therapeutic targets. Renalase (RNLS) is a newly discovered protein secreted by the kidney and was found beneficial in many renal diseases. But whether it exerts protective effects on cardiac remodeling in CKD remains unclear. Methods RNLS knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were both used to build CKD models and the adeno-associated virus (AAV9) system was used to overexpress RNLS cardiac specifically. Echocardiography was performed to detect cardiac structural changes every 6 weeks until 18 weeks post-surgery. High throughput sequencing was performed to understand the underlying mechanisms and the effects of RNLS on cardiac fibroblasts were validated in vitro. Results Knockout of RNLS aggravated cardiac remodeling in CKD, while RNLS cardiac-specific overexpression significantly reduced left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis induced by CKD. The following RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that RNLS significantly downregulated the extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction pathway, ECM organization, and several ECM-related proteins. GSEA results showed RNLS significantly downregulated several profibrotic biological processes of cardiac fibroblasts which were upregulated by CKD, including fibroblast proliferation, leukocyte migration, antigen presentation, cytokine production, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vitro, we validated that RNLS reduced the primary cardiac fibroblast proliferation and α-SMA expression stimulated by TGF-β. Conclusion In this study, we examined the cardioprotective role of RNLS in CKD-induced cardiac remodeling. RNLS may be a potential therapeutic factor that exerts an anti-fibrotic effect in pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linnan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyong Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jianyong Yin,
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Niansong Wang,
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21
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Hałka J, Spaleniak S, Kade G, Antosiewicz S, Sigorski D. The Nephrotoxicity of Drugs Used in Causal Oncological Therapies. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:9681-9694. [PMID: 36547174 PMCID: PMC9776938 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29120760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a dynamic development of oncology has been observed, resulting from the increasingly frequent occurrence of neoplasms and therefore, increasing population of patients. The most effective form of therapy for cancer patients is complex multidisciplinary specialized disease management, including nephro-oncology care. Different forms of renal function impairment are frequently diagnosed in cancer patients. They are caused by different co-morbidities existing before starting the oncologic treatment as well as the direct undesirable effects of this therapy which may cause temporary or irreversible damage of the urinary system-especially kidneys. According to different therapeutic programs, in such cases the degree of renal damage is often crucial for the possibility of further anti-cancer treatment. Medical personnel responsible for delivering care to oncology patients should be properly educated on current methods of prevention and treatment of renal complications resulting from anti-cancer therapy. The development of oncologic medicines design, including especially immuno-oncological agents, obliges us to learn new patomechanisms determining potential adverse effects, including renal complications. This publication is focused on the most important undesirable nephrotoxic effects of the frequently used anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Hałka
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Warmian-Masurian Cancer Center of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration’s Hospital, Wojska Polskiego 37, 10-228 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sebastian Spaleniak
- Department of Internal Diseases and Nephrodiabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Grzegorz Kade
- Warmian-Masurian Cancer Center of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration’s Hospital, Wojska Polskiego 37, 10-228 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Stefan Antosiewicz
- Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Center of Aeromedical Examination and Occupational Medicine, Zygmunta Krasińskiego 54/56, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Sigorski
- Department of Oncology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Aleja Warszawska 30, 11-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Warmian-Masurian Cancer Center of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration’s Hospital, Wojska Polskiego 37, 10-228 Olsztyn, Poland
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22
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Levanovich PE, Daugherty AM, Komnenov D, Rossi NF. Dietary fructose and high salt in young male Sprague Dawley rats induces salt-sensitive changes in renal function in later life. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15456. [PMID: 36117446 PMCID: PMC9483717 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fructose and salt are associated with hypertension and renal disease. Dietary input during critical postnatal periods may impact pathophysiology in maturity. The highest consumption of fructose occurs during adolescence. We hypothesized that a diet high in fructose with or without high salt in young male Sprague Dawley rats will lead to salt-sensitive hypertension, albuminuria, and decreased renal function in maturity. Four groups were studied from age 5 weeks: 20% glucose + 0.4% salt (GCS-GCS) or 20% fructose + 4% salt throughout (FHS-FHS). Two groups received 20% fructose + 0.4% salt or 20% fructose + 4% salt for 3 weeks (Phase I) followed by 20% glucose + 0.4% salt (Phase II). In Phase III (age 13-15 weeks), these two groups were challenged with 20% glucose + 4% salt, (FCS-GHS) and (FHS-GHS), respectively. Each group fed fructose in Phase I exhibited significantly higher MAP than GCS-GCS in Phase III. Net sodium balance, unadjusted, or adjusted for caloric intake and urine flow rate, and cumulative sodium balance were positive in FHS during Phase I and were significantly higher in FCS-GHS, FHS-GHS, and FHS-FHS vs GCS-GCS during Phase III. All three groups fed fructose during Phase I displayed significantly elevated albuminuria. GFR was significantly lower in FHS-FHS vs GCS-GCS at maturity. Qualitative histology showed mesangial expansion and hypercellularity in FHS-FHS rats. Thus, fructose ingestion during a critical period in rats, analogous to human preadolescence and adolescence, results in salt-sensitive hypertension and albuminuria in maturity. Prolonged dietary fructose and salt ingestion lead to a decline in renal function with evidence suggestive of mesangial hypercellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana M. Daugherty
- Department of Psychology and Institute of GerontologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Dragana Komnenov
- Department of Internal MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Noreen F. Rossi
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- John D. Dingell VA Medical CenterDetroitMichiganUSA
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23
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Kious KW, Philipose A, Smith LJ, Kemble JP, Twohey SCE, Savage K, Díaz HS, Del Rio R, Marcus NJ. Peripheral chemoreflex modulation of renal hemodynamics and renal tissue PO2 in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Front Physiol 2022; 13:955538. [PMID: 36091359 PMCID: PMC9459040 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.955538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant carotid body chemoreceptor (CBC) function contributes to increased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and reduced renal blood flow (RBF) in chronic heart failure (CHF). Intermittent asphyxia (IA) mimicking sleep apnea is associated with additional increases in SNA and may worsen reductions in RBF and renal PO2 (RPO2) in CHF. The combined effects of decreased RBF and RPO2 may contribute to biochemical changes precipitating renal injury. This study sought to determine the role of CBC activity on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), RBF and RPO2 in CHF, and to assess the additive effects of IA. Furthermore, we sought to identify changes in gene expression that might contribute to renal injury. We hypothesized that GFR, RBF, and RPO2 would be reduced in CHF, that decreases in RBF and RPO2 would be worsened by IA, and that these changes would be ameliorated by CBC ablation (CBD). Finally, we hypothesized that CHF would be associated with pro-oxidative pro-fibrotic changes in renal gene expression that would be ameliorated by CBD. CHF was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats using coronary artery ligation (CAL). Carotid body denervation was performed by cryogenic ablation. GFR was assessed in conscious animals at the beginning and end of the experimental period. At 8-weeks post-CAL, cardiac function was assessed via echocardiography, and GFR, baseline and IA RBF and RPO2 were measured. Renal gene expression was measured using qRT-PCR. GFR was lower in CHF compared to sham (p < 0.05) but CBD had no salutary effect. RBF and RPO2 were decreased in CHF compared to sham (p < 0.05), and this effect was attenuated by CBD (p < 0.05). RBF and RPO2 were reduced to a greater extent in CHF vs. sham during exposure to IA (p < 0.05), and this effect was attenuated by CBD for RBF (p < 0.05). Downregulation of antioxidant defense and fibrosis-suppressing genes was observed in CHF vs. sham however CBD had no salutary effect. These results suggest that aberrant CBC function in CHF has a clear modulatory effect on RBF during normoxia and during IA simulating central sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiefer W. Kious
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Andrew Philipose
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Luke J. Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Jayson P. Kemble
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Stephanie C. E. Twohey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, United States
- Department of Biology, Simpson College, Indianola, IA, United States
| | - Kalie Savage
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Hugo S. Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noah J. Marcus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, United States
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24
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Shieh JJ, Riley IR, Rogers TE, Dorshow RB. Novel Chiral High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) Determination of MB-102, A New Fluorescent Tracer Agent Enabling the Measurement of Point-of-Care Glomerular Filtration Rate. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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25
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Lu Y, Manson SR, de Araujo IBBA, Austin PF, Djurhuus JC, Olsen LH, Nørregaard R. The Release of 24 h Infravesical Obstruction in Mice: Changes in Molecular, Morphological, and Functional Parameters for 14-Day Observation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:892746. [PMID: 35646977 PMCID: PMC9133373 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.892746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) induces bladder dysfunction and altered bladder architecture. Irrespective of the release of the obstruction, persistent bladder dysfunction severely affects the quality of life. A better understanding of the repair process offers an opportunity to enhance postintervention management. We subsequently evaluated the postobstructive repair process in mice subjected to 24 h BOO followed by release. Male and female mice bladders were obstructed for 24 h by placing a clip around the bladder neck. After the release of obstruction, the mice were studied for 3, 7, and 14 days to observe the bladder repair process over time. Voiding frequency and volume were recorded using the voiding spot assay, and the transcutaneous glomerular filtration rate (tGFR) was measured. Fibrogenesis and associated gene expressions and altered protein levels were evaluated in the bladder using histology, quantatative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blot analyses. Bladder wall thickness was increased in both genders over time but occurred later in female mice. Moreover, collagen deposition in the smooth muscle layer increased over time in both genders. Male mice showed a decreased average voided volume at 3 days post release, while female mice showed no significant change during the time course. Fibrosis-related molecular events, including upregulation of fibronectin (FN) protein and Collagen-3 (Col-3) mRNA expression, were transient and normalized again at 14 days in both genders. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-7 mRNA expressions were upregulated at 14 days post release in both genders. Transcutaneous GFR remained normal during the time course. Release of 24 h BOO initiated a bladder remodeling process. The animal model enables a wide range of experiments to study bladder remodeling, and gender differences offer potential targets for understanding bladder fibrosis and adaptation with BOO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Scott R. Manson
- Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Paul F. Austin
- Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jens C. Djurhuus
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L. Henning Olsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Rikke Nørregaard,
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26
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Zaman A, Banday AA. Angiotensin1-7 Protects Against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Regulating the Expression of NRF2 and microRNAs in Fisher 344 Rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F33-F47. [PMID: 35532070 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00283.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is considered the primary cause of acute kidney injury and is higher among older individuals. While ischemic episodes are hard to predict and prevent, detrimental ischemic effects could be mitigated by exogenous intervention. This study aims to identify the protective role of angiotensin (ANG)1-7 against I/R-induced renal injury in adult vs. aged rats. Adult and aged male Fisher 344 rats were subjected to 40-minute bilateral renal ischemia followed by 28-days reperfusion. ANG1-7 was administered intraperitoneally in ischemic rats for 28 days without or with Mas receptor antagonist A779. I/R increased blood pressure, plasma creatinine, urinary 8-isoprostane, and renal infiltration of pro and anti-inflammatory macrophages and reduced glomerular filtration rate in both adult and aged rats compared to shams. In addition to causing glomerular sclerosis and tubular damage, I/R increased the expression of pathogenic microRNAs (miRNAs): miR-20a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-24-3p, and miR-194-5p in both the age groups. ANG1-7 treatment of ischemic rats mitigated oxidative stress and renal inflammation, restored renal structure and function, and reduced high blood pressure. Also, ANG1-7 suppressed the expression of pathogenic miRNAs. In addition, ANG1-7 treatment of I/R rats increased the expression of redox-sensitive transcription factor NRF2 and phase II antioxidant enzymes. The beneficial effects of ANG1-7 were sensitive to A779. Collectively, these data suggest that ANG1-7 associated with NRF2 activation could alleviate post-I/R-induced kidney injury and therefore serve as a potential therapeutic compound to protect against biochemical and morphological pathologies of I/R in both adults and aged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Zaman
- Heart and Kidney Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Anees Ahmad Banday
- Heart and Kidney Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
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Shimada S, Yang C, Kurth T, Cowley AW. Divergent roles of angiotensin II upon the immediate and sustained increases of renal blood flow following unilateral nephrectomy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F473-F485. [PMID: 35224992 PMCID: PMC8977133 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00376.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the molecular and functional responses related to renal compensatory hypertrophy after unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) has been well described, many aspects of these events remain unclear. One question is how the remaining kidney senses the absence of the contralateral organ, and another is what the role of the renin-angiotensin system is in these responses. Both acute anesthetized and chronic unanesthetized experiments were performed using the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker losartan and the renin inhibitor aliskiren to determine the contribution of the renin-angiotensin system to immediate changes and losartan for chronic changes of renal blood flow (RBF) and the associated hypertrophic events in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Chronic experiments used implanted RBF probes and arterial catheters for continuous data collection, and the glomerular filtration rate was determined by noninvasive transcutaneous FITC-sinistrin measurements. The results of the acute experiments found that RBF increased nearly 25% (4.6 ± 0.5 to 5.6 ± 0.6 mL/min/g kidney wt) during the first 15 min following UNX and that this response was abolished by losartan (6.7 ± 0.7 to 7.0 ± 0.7 mL/min/g kidney wt) or aliskiren (5.8 ± 0.4 to 6.0 ± 0.4 mL/min/g kidney wt) treatment. Thereafter, RBF increased progressively over 7 days, and kidney weight increased by 19% of pre-UNX values. When normalized to kidney weight determined at day 7 after UNX, RBF was not significantly different from pre-UNX levels. Semiquantification of CD31-positive capillaries revealed increases of the glomeruli and peritubular capillaries that paralleled the kidney hypertrophy. None of these chronic changes was inhibited by losartan treatment, indicating that neither the compensatory structural nor the RBF changes were angiotensin II type 1 receptor dependent.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study found that the immediate increases of renal blood flow (RBF) following unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) are a consequence of reduced angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor stimulation. The continuous monitoring of RBF and intermittent measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in conscious rats during the 1-wk period of rapid hypertrophy following UNX provided unique insights into the regulation of RBF and GFR when faced with increased metabolic loads. It was found that neither kidney hypertrophy nor the associated increase of capillaries was an AT1-dependent phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Shimada
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Theresa Kurth
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Pais GM, Chang J, Liu J, Scheetz MH. A Translational Rat Model to Assess Glomerular Function Changes with Vancomycin. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 59:106583. [PMID: 35378229 PMCID: PMC10119746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin (VAN) causes acute kidney injury as defined by serum creatinine (SCr) increase. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the gold standard for defining kidney function, and SCr is often used as a GFR surrogate; however, SCr changes can lag behind acute functional decline. We sought to define the rate and extent of GFR change for VAN in a translational rat model. Male Sprague Dawley rats received VAN 150 mg/kg/day intravenously (n = 6) or saline (n = 5) once daily followed by an intravenous injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate-sinistrin (FITC-sinistrin) for 3 days. FITC-sinistrin fluorescence was monitored transdermally prior to VAN administration and daily during treatment. GFR was calculated from FITC-sinistrin clearance. A mixed-effects model compared urinary biomarkers and GFRs between treatments and across days of dosing. Urinary biomarkers for injury and GFR were compared between treatment groups and correlated with VAN kidney accumulation. Mean GFR for saline-treated animals was 1.07, 1.20, 1.15 and 1.24 mL/min/100g body weight (b.w.) pre-treatment and at Days 1-3, respectively. VAN-treated rats had lower GFR after treatment (0.457, 0.584 and 0.759 mL/min/100g b.w. on Days 1-3, respectively; P ≤ 0.05). KIM-1 and clusterin were elevated on Day 1 for VAN-treated animals. The relationship between VAN accumulation in the kidney with GFR and biomarkers followed a four-parameter Hill slope (R2 = 0.6 and R2 = 0.9, respectively). Rats receiving VAN had a significant decline in GFR immediately following the first dose, which correlated with increasing VAN concentrations in the kidney and urinary biomarkers.
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Bugaj JE, Dorshow RB. Absence of developmental or reproductive toxicity in rats for MB-102, a fluorescent tracer agent for point-of-care measurement of glomerular filtration rate. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 131:105158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Blijdorp CJ, Hartjes TA, Wei K, van Heugten MH, Bovée DM, Budde RP, van de Wetering J, Hoenderop JG, van Royen ME, Zietse R, Severs D, Hoorn EJ. Nephron mass determines the excretion rate of urinary extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12181. [PMID: 35064766 PMCID: PMC8783354 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are emerging as non-invasive biomarkers for various kidney diseases, but it is unknown how differences in nephron mass impact uEV excretion. To address this, uEV excretion was measured before and after human kidney donor nephrectomy and rat nephrectomy. In male and female donors, uEVs were quantified in cell-free spot and 24-h urine samples using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), EVQuant, and CD9-time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay. Female donors had significantly lower total kidney volume (TKV) and excreted 49% fewer uEVs than male donors. uEV excretion correlated positively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine clearance, and TKV (R's between 0.6 and 0.7). uEV excretion rate could also be predicted from spot urines after multiplying spot uEV/creatinine by 24-h urine creatinine. Donor nephrectomy reduced eGFR by 36% ± 10%, but the excretion of uEVs by only 16% (CD9+ uEVs -37%, CD9- uEVs no decrease). Donor nephrectomy increased the podocyte marker WT-1 and the proximal tubule markers NHE3, NaPi-IIa, and cubilin in uEVs two- to four-fold when correcting for the nephrectomy. In rats, the changes in GFR and kidney weight correlated with the changes in uEV excretion rate (R = 0.46 and 0.60, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the estimated degree of hypertrophy matched the change in uEV excretion rate (1.4- to 1.5-fold after uninephrectomy and four-fold after 5/6th nephrectomy). Taken together, our data show that uEV excretion depends on nephron mass, and that nephrectomy reduces uEV excretion less than expected based on nephron loss due to compensatory hypertrophy. The major implication of our findings is that a measure for nephron mass or uEV excretion rate should be included when comparing uEV biomarkers between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Blijdorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and TransplantationErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas A. Hartjes
- Department of PathologyErasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kuang‐Yu Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and TransplantationErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn H. van Heugten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and TransplantationErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dominique M. Bovée
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and TransplantationErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ricardo P.J. Budde
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineErasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline van de Wetering
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and TransplantationErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joost G.J. Hoenderop
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Martin E. van Royen
- Department of PathologyErasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Robert Zietse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and TransplantationErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - David Severs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and TransplantationErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ewout J. Hoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and TransplantationErasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Brown AK, Nichols A, Coley CA, Ekperikpe US, McPherson KC, Shields CA, Poudel B, Cornelius DC, Williams JM. Treatment With Lisinopril Prevents the Early Progression of Glomerular Injury in Obese Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats Independent of Lowering Arterial Pressure. Front Physiol 2021; 12:765305. [PMID: 34975523 PMCID: PMC8719629 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.765305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that obese Dahl salt-sensitive leptin receptor mutant (SSLepRmutant) rats develop glomerular injury and progressive proteinuria prior to puberty. Moreover, this early progression of proteinuria was associated with elevations in GFR. Therefore, the current study examined whether treatment with lisinopril to reduce GFR slows the early progression of proteinuria in SSLepRmutant rats prior to puberty. Experiments were performed on 4-week-old SS and SSLepRmutant rats that were either treated with vehicle or lisinopril (20 mg/kg/day, drinking water) for 4 weeks. We did not observe any differences in MAP between SS and SSLepRmutant rats treated with vehicle (148 ± 5 vs. 163 ± 6 mmHg, respectively). Interestingly, chronic treatment with lisinopril markedly reduced MAP in SS rats (111 ± 3 mmHg) but had no effect on MAP in SSLepRmutant rats (155 ± 4 mmHg). Treatment with lisinopril significantly reduced proteinuria in SS and SSLepRmutant rats compared to their vehicle counterparts (19 ± 5 and 258 ± 34 vs. 71 ± 12 and 498 ± 66 mg/day, respectively). Additionally, nephrin excretion was significantly elevated in SSLepRmutant rats versus SS rats, and lisinopril reduced nephrin excretion in both strains. GFR was significantly elevated in SSLepRmutant rats compared to SS rats, and lisinopril treatment reduced GFR in SSLepRmutant rats by 30%. The kidneys from SSLepRmutant rats displayed glomerular injury with increased mesangial expansion and renal inflammation versus SS rats. Chronic treatment with lisinopril significantly decreased glomerular injury and renal inflammation in the SSLepRmutant rats. Overall, these data indicate that inhibiting renal hyperfiltration associated with obesity is beneficial in slowing the early development of glomerular injury and renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K. Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Alyssa Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Chantell A. Coley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Ubong S. Ekperikpe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Kasi C. McPherson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Corbin A. Shields
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Bibek Poudel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Denise C. Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Jan M. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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Booz GW, Kennedy D, Bowling M, Robinson T, Azubuike D, Fisher B, Brooks K, Chinthakuntla P, Hoang NH, Hosler JP, Cunningham MW. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibody blockade improves postpartum hypertension and cardiac mitochondrial function in rat model of preeclampsia. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:58. [PMID: 34727994 PMCID: PMC8562001 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with preeclampsia (PE) have a greater risk of developing hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and renal disease later in life. Angiotensin II type I receptor agonistic autoantibodies (AT1-AAs) are elevated in women with PE during pregnancy and up to 2-year postpartum (PP), and in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of PE. Blockade of AT1-AA with a specific 7 amino acid peptide binding sequence (‘n7AAc’) improves pathophysiology observed in RUPP rats; however, the long-term effects of AT1-AA inhibition in PP is unknown. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: normal pregnant (NP) (n = 16), RUPP (n = 15), and RUPP + ‘n7AAc’ (n = 16). Gestational day 14, RUPP surgery was performed and ‘n7AAc’ (144 μg/day) administered via osmotic minipump. At 10-week PP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cardiac functions, and cardiac mitochondria function were assessed. MAP was elevated PP in RUPP vs. NP (126 ± 4 vs. 116 ± 3 mmHg, p < 0.05), but was normalized in in RUPP + ‘n7AAc’ (109 ± 3 mmHg) vs. RUPP (p < 0.05). PP heart size was reduced by RUPP + ’n7AAc’ vs. RUPP rats (p < 0.05). Complex IV protein abundance and enzymatic activity, along with glutamate/malate-driven respiration (complexes I, III, and IV), were reduced in the heart of RUPP vs. NP rats which was prevented with ‘n7AAc’. AT1-AA inhibition during pregnancy not only improves blood pressure and pathophysiology of PE in rats during pregnancy, but also long-term changes in blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac mitochondrial function PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Daniel Kennedy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael Bowling
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Taprieka Robinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Daniel Azubuike
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Brandon Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Karen Brooks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Pooja Chinthakuntla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ngoc H Hoang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jonathan P Hosler
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mark W Cunningham
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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Bernhardt A, Häberer S, Xu J, Damerau H, Steffen J, Reichardt C, Wolters K, Steffen H, Isermann B, Borucki K, Artelt N, Endlich N, Kozyraki R, Brandt S, Lindquist JA, Mertens PR. High salt diet-induced proximal tubular phenotypic changes and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 expression are coordinated by cold shock Y-box binding protein-1. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21912. [PMID: 34533842 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100667rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High salt diet (HSD) is a hallmark of blood pressure elevations, weight gain and diabetes onset in the metabolic syndrome. In kidney, compensatory mechanisms are activated to balance salt turnover and maintain homeostasis. Data on the long-term effects of HSD with respect to tubular cell functions and kidney architecture that exclude confounding indirect blood pressure effects are scarce. Additionally we focus on cold shock Y-box binding protein-1 as a tubular cell protective factor. A HSD model (4% NaCl in chow; 1% NaCl in water) was compared to normal salt diet (NSD, standard chow) over 16 months using wild type mice and an inducible conditional whole body knockout for cold shock Y-box binding protein-1 (BL6J/N, Ybx1). HSD induced no difference in blood pressure over 16 months, comparing NSD/HSD and Ybx1 wild type/knockout. Nevertheless, marked phenotypic changes were detected. Glucosuria and subnephrotic albuminuria ensued in wild type animals under HSD, which subsided in Ybx1-deficient animals. At the same time megalin receptors were upregulated. The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) was completely downregulated in wild type HSD animals that developed glucosuria. In Ybx1 knockouts, expression of AQP1 and SGLT2 was maintained under HSD; proximal tubular widening and glomerular tubularization developed. Concurrently, amino aciduria of neutral and hydrophobic amino acids was seen. In vitro translation confirmed that YB-1 translationally represses Sglt2 transcripts. Our data reveal profound effects of HSD primarily within glomeruli and proximal tubular segments. YB-1 is regulated by HSD and orchestrates HSD-dependent changes; notably, sets reabsorption thresholds for amino acids, proteins and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bernhardt
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Häberer
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - JingJing Xu
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Damerau
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Steffen
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Reichardt
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Wolters
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Steffen
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Artelt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,NIPOKA GmbH, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,NIPOKA GmbH, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Renata Kozyraki
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, UMRS-1138, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Lindquist
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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A dose-escalating toxicology study of the candidate biologic ELP-VEGF. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6216. [PMID: 33737643 PMCID: PMC7973730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a key mediator of angiogenesis and vascular repair, is reduced in chronic ischemic renal diseases, leading to microvascular rarefaction and deterioration of renal function. We developed a chimeric fusion of human VEGF-A121 with the carrier protein Elastin-like Polypeptide (ELP-VEGF) to induce therapeutic angiogenesis via targeted renal VEGF therapy. We previously showed that ELP-VEGF improves renal vascular density, renal fibrosis, and renal function in swine models of chronic renal diseases. However, VEGF is a potent cytokine that induces angiogenesis and increases vascular permeability, which could cause undesired off-target effects or be deleterious in a patient with a solid tumor. Therefore, the current study aims to define the toxicological profile of ELP-VEGF and assess its risk for exacerbating tumor progression and vascularity using rodent models. A dose escalating toxicology assessment of ELP-VEGF was performed by administering a bolus intravenous injection at doses ranging from 0.1 to 200 mg/kg in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Blood pressure, body weight, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were quantified longitudinally, and terminal blood sampling and renal vascular density measurements were made 14 days after treatment. Additionally, the effects of a single administration of ELP-VEGF (0.1-10 mg/kg) on tumor growth rate, mass, and vascular density were examined in a mouse model of breast cancer. At doses up to 200 mg/kg, ELP-VEGF had no effect on body weight, caused no changes in plasma or urinary markers of renal injury, and did not induce renal fibrosis or other histopathological findings in SD rats. At the highest doses (100-200 mg/kg), ELP-VEGF caused an acute, transient hypotension (30 min), increased GFR, and reduced renal microvascular density 14 days after injection. In a mouse tumor model, ELP-VEGF did not affect tumor growth rate or tumor mass, but analysis of tumor vascular density by micro-computed tomography (μCT) revealed significant, dose dependent increases in tumor vascularity after ELP-VEGF administration. ELP-VEGF did not induce toxicity in the therapeutic dosing range, and doses one hundred times higher than the expected maximum therapeutic dose were needed to observe any adverse signs in rats. In breast tumor-bearing mice, ELP-VEGF therapy induced a dose-dependent increase in tumor vascularity, demanding caution for potential use in a patient suffering from kidney disease but with known or suspected malignancy.
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Ahmad A, Shi J, Ansari S, Afaghani J, Molina J, Pollack A, Merscher S, Zeidan YH, Fornoni A, Marples B. Noninvasive assessment of radiation-induced renal injury in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:664-674. [PMID: 33464992 PMCID: PMC8352084 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1876950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The kidney is a radiosensitive late-responding normal tissue. Injury is characterized by radiation nephropathy and decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The current study aimed to compare two rapid and cost-effective methodologies of assessing GFR against more conventional biomarker measurements. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated with bilateral focal X-irradiation (1x14Gy or 5x6Gy). Functional measurements of kidney injury were assessed 20 weeks post-treatment. GFR was estimated using a transcutaneous measurement of fluorescein-isothiocyanate conjugated (FITC)-sinistrin renal excretion and also dynamic contrast-enhanced CT imaging with a contrast agent (ISOVUE-300 Iopamidol). RESULTS Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Periodic acid-Schiff staining identified comparable radiation-induced glomerular atrophy and mesangial matrix accumulation after both radiation schedules, respectively, although the fractionated regimen resulted in less diffuse tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Albumin-to-creatinine ratios (ACR) increased after irradiation (1x14Gy: 100.4 ± 12.2 µg/mg; 6x5Gy: 80.4 ± 3.02 µg/mg) and were double that of nontreated controls (44.9 ± 3.64 µg/mg). GFR defined by both techniques was negatively correlated with BUN, mesangial expansion score, and serum creatinine. The FITC-sinistrin transcutaneous method was more rapid and can be used to assess GFR in conscious animals, dynamic contrast-enhanced CT imaging technique was equally safe and effective. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that GFR measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced CT imaging is safe and effective compared to transcutaneous methodology to estimate kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Junwei Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Saba Ansari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Jumana Afaghani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Judith Molina
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alan Pollack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Youssef H. Zeidan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, American University of Beirut School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brian Marples
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center and Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Bovée DM, Ren L, Uijl E, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, van Veghel R, Garrelds IM, Domenig O, Poglitsch M, Zlatev I, Kim JB, Huang S, Melton L, Lu X, Hoorn EJ, Foster D, Danser AHJ. Renoprotective Effects of Small Interfering RNA Targeting Liver Angiotensinogen in Experimental Chronic Kidney Disease. Hypertension 2021; 77:1600-1612. [PMID: 33719507 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique M Bovée
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology (D.M.B., L.R., E.U., R.v.V., I.M.G., A.H.J.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.M.B., E.U., E.J.H.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liwei Ren
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology (D.M.B., L.R., E.U., R.v.V., I.M.G., A.H.J.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, China (L.R.)
| | - Estrellita Uijl
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology (D.M.B., L.R., E.U., R.v.V., I.M.G., A.H.J.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.M.B., E.U., E.J.H.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Richard van Veghel
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology (D.M.B., L.R., E.U., R.v.V., I.M.G., A.H.J.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Garrelds
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology (D.M.B., L.R., E.U., R.v.V., I.M.G., A.H.J.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ivan Zlatev
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (I.Z., J.B.K., S.H., L.M., D.F.)
| | - Jae B Kim
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (I.Z., J.B.K., S.H., L.M., D.F.)
| | - Stephen Huang
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (I.Z., J.B.K., S.H., L.M., D.F.)
| | - Lauren Melton
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (I.Z., J.B.K., S.H., L.M., D.F.)
| | - Xifeng Lu
- Department of Physiology, AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (X.L.)
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.M.B., E.U., E.J.H.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Don Foster
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (I.Z., J.B.K., S.H., L.M., D.F.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology (D.M.B., L.R., E.U., R.v.V., I.M.G., A.H.J.D.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Iohexol plasma clearance simplified by Dried Blood Spot (DBS) sampling to measure renal function in conscious mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4591. [PMID: 33633207 PMCID: PMC7907335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no simple method to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in mice, which limits the use of mice in models of renal diseases. We aimed at simplifying the plasma clearance of iohexol in mice, using dried blood spot (DBS) sampling in order to reduce the amount of blood taken for analysis. GFR was measured simultaneously by a reference method in total blood—as described before—and tested method using DBS in fifteen male and six female C57BL/6J mice. Total blood extraction was 50 μL for the reference methods and 25μL for the tested methods, distributed in 5 samples. The agreement of GFR values between both methods was analyzed with the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), total deviation index (TDI) and coverage probability (CP). The agreement between both methods was excellent, showing a TDI = 8.1%, which indicates that 90% of the GFR values obtained with DBS showed an error ranging from − 8 to + 8% of the reference method; a CCC of 0.996 (CI: 0.992), reflecting high precision and accuracy and a CP of 94 (CI: 83), indicating that 6% of the GFR values obtained with DBS had an error greater than 10% of the method in blood. So, both methods are interchangeable. DBS represent a major simplification of GFR measurement in mice. Also, DBS improves animal welfare by reducing the total blood required and refining the procedure.
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38
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Bovée DM, Uijl E, Severs D, Rubio-Beltrán E, van Veghel R, Maassen van den Brink A, Joles JA, Zietse R, Cuevas CA, Danser AHJ, Hoorn EJ. Dietary salt modifies the blood pressure response to renin-angiotensin inhibition in experimental chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F654-F668. [PMID: 33586496 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00603.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease contributes to hypertension, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. To address this, we applied the 5/6th nephrectomy rat model to characterize hypertension and the response to dietary salt and renin-angiotensin inhibition. 5/6th nephrectomy caused low-renin, salt-sensitive hypertension with hyperkalemia and unsuppressed aldosterone. Compared with sham rats, 5/6th nephrectomized rats had lower Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3, Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, Na+-Cl- cotransporter, α-epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), and Kir4.1 levels but higher serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1, prostasin, γ-ENaC, and Kir5.1 levels. These differences correlated with plasma renin, aldosterone, and/or K+. On a normal-salt diet, adrenalectomy (0 ± 9 mmHg) and spironolactone (-11 ± 10 mmHg) prevented a progressive rise in blood pressure (10 ± 8 mmHg), and this was enhanced in combination with losartan (-41 ± 12 and -43 ± 9 mmHg). A high-salt diet caused skin Na+ and water accumulation and aggravated hypertension that could only be attenuated by spironolactone (-16 ± 7 mmHg) and in which the additive effect of losartan was lost. Spironolactone also increased natriuresis, reduced skin water accumulation, and restored vasorelaxation. In summary, in the 5/6th nephrectomy rat chronic kidney disease model, salt-sensitive hypertension develops with a selective increase in γ-ENaC and despite appropriate transporter adaptations to low renin and hyperkalemia. With a normal-salt diet, hypertension in 5/6th nephrectomy depends on angiotensin II and aldosterone, whereas a high-salt diet causes more severe hypertension mediated through the mineralocorticoid receptor.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes salt-sensitive hypertension, but the interactions between dietary salt and the renin-angiotensin system are incompletely understood. In rats with CKD on a normal-salt diet targeting aldosterone, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and especially angiotensin II reduced blood pressure. On a high-salt diet, however, only MR blockade attenuated hypertension. These results reiterate the importance of dietary salt restriction to maintain renin-angiotensin system inhibitor efficacy and specify the MR as a target in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique M Bovée
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Estrellita Uijl
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Severs
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eloisa Rubio-Beltrán
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard van Veghel
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Maassen van den Brink
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Zietse
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catherina A Cuevas
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Besseling PJ, Pieters TT, Nguyen ITN, de Bree PM, Willekes N, Dijk AH, Bovée DM, Hoorn EJ, Rookmaaker MB, Gerritsen KG, Verhaar MC, Gremmels H, Joles JA. A plasma creatinine- and urea-based equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F518-F524. [PMID: 33522412 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00656.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring renal function is a vital part of kidney research involving rats. The laborious measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with administration of exogenous filtration markers does not easily allow serial measurements. Using an in-house database of inulin clearances, we developed and validated a plasma creatinine- and plasma urea-based equation to estimate GFR in a large cohort of male rats [development cohort n = 325, R2 = 0.816, percentage of predictions that fell within 30% of the true value (P30) = 76%] that had high accuracy in the validation cohort (n = 116 rats, R2 = 0.935, P30 = 79%). The equation was less accurate in rats with nonsteady-state creatinine, in which the equation should therefore not be used. In conclusion, applying this equation facilitates easy and repeatable estimates of GFR in rats.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first equation, that we know of, which estimates glomerular filtration rate in rats based on a single measurement of body weight, plasma creatinine, and plasma urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Besseling
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias T Pieters
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel T N Nguyen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra M de Bree
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nel Willekes
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adele H Dijk
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique M Bovée
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten B Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin G Gerritsen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Gremmels
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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40
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Uijl E, Ren L, Mirabito Colafella KM, van Veghel R, Garrelds IM, Domenig O, Poglitsch M, Zlatev I, Kim JB, Huang S, Melton L, Hoorn EJ, Foster D, Danser AHJ. No evidence for brain renin-angiotensin system activation during DOCA-salt hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:259-274. [PMID: 33404046 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation is thought to mediate deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension, an animal model for human primary hyperaldosteronism. Here, we determined whether brainstem angiotensin II is generated from locally synthesized angiotensinogen and mediates DOCA-salt hypertension. To this end, chronic DOCA-salt-hypertensive rats were treated with liver-directed siRNA targeted to angiotensinogen, the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist valsartan, or the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone (n = 6-8/group). We quantified circulating angiotensinogen and renin by enzyme-kinetic assay, tissue angiotensinogen by Western blotting, and angiotensin metabolites by LC-MS/MS. In rats without DOCA-salt, circulating angiotensin II was detected in all rats, whereas brainstem angiotensin II was detected in 5 out of 7 rats. DOCA-salt increased mean arterial pressure by 19 ± 1 mmHg and suppressed circulating renin and angiotensin II by >90%, while brainstem angiotensin II became undetectable in 5 out of 7 rats (<6 fmol/g). Gene silencing of liver angiotensinogen using siRNA lowered circulating angiotensinogen by 97 ± 0.3%, and made brainstem angiotensin II undetectable in all rats (P<0.05 vs. non-DOCA-salt), although brainstem angiotensinogen remained intact. As expected for this model, neither siRNA nor valsartan attenuated the hypertensive response to DOCA-salt, whereas spironolactone normalized blood pressure and restored brain angiotensin II together with circulating renin and angiotensin II. In conclusion, despite local synthesis of angiotensinogen in the brain, brain angiotensin II depended on circulating angiotensinogen. That DOCA-salt suppressed circulating and brain angiotensin II in parallel, while spironolactone simultaneously increased brain angiotensin II and lowered blood pressure, indicates that DOCA-salt hypertension is not mediated by brain RAS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrellita Uijl
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liwei Ren
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Katrina M Mirabito Colafella
- Cardiovascular Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard van Veghel
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Garrelds
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ivan Zlatev
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | - Jae B Kim
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Don Foster
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Ullah MM, Ow CPC, Evans RG, Hilliard Krause LM. Impact of choice of kinetic model for the determination of transcutaneous FITC-sinistrin clearance in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1158-1168. [PMID: 32160333 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transcutaneous assessment of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-sinistrin clearance using an optical device was recently validated for determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in conscious animals. In the current study, we compared four available kinetic models for calculating FITC-sinistrin clearance, to provide further insight into whether the choice of model might influence findings generated using this device. Specifically, we calculated the excretion half-life of FITC-sinistrin (minutes), rate constant (minute-1 ) and GFR indexed to bodyweight in control rats and rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes across a 4-week experimental period using standard one-compartment (1-COM), two-compartment (2-COM) and three-compartment (3-COM) kinetic models (1-COM), and a three-compartment kinetic model with baseline correction (3-COMB). Glomerular hyperfiltration was detected in STZ-induced diabetic rats with the 2-COM or 3-COMB at day 14 and with the 3-COM at day 3 and 14 after induction of diabetes, but not at any time point using the 1-COM. From a theoretical perspective, we reasoned that the 3-COMB model provides a better estimate of t1/2 than the other models. Linear regression analysis of data generated using the 3-COMB showed a significant relationship between blood glucose and calculated GFR at the day 14 (P = .004) and day 28 (P = .01) time points, and a strong tendency for a relationship at the day 3 time point (P = .06). We conclude that hyperfiltration is an early and sustained characteristic of STZ-induced diabetes in rats. Furthermore, we propose that the 3-COMB model provides the most valid t1/2 for estimation of GFR via transcutaneous detection of FITC-sinistrin clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbub Ullah
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Connie P C Ow
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Roger G Evans
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Lucinda M Hilliard Krause
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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42
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Cornelius DC, Travis OK, Tramel RW, Borges-Rodriguez M, Baik CH, Greer M, Giachelli CA, Tardo GA, Williams JM. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition attenuates sepsis-induced platelet activation and prevents multi-organ injury in cecal-ligation puncture. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234039. [PMID: 32555710 PMCID: PMC7299389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated immune response to infection. Currently, no effective treatment for sepsis exists. Platelets are recognized as mediators of the immune response and may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis. We previously demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sepsis-induced activated platelets was associated with multi-organ injury in the cecal-ligation puncture (CLP) rat model of sepsis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of NLRP3 would inhibit platelet activation and attenuate multi-organ injury in the CLP rat. CLP (n = 10) or Sham (n = 10) surgery were performed in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. A subset of CLP rats were treated with MCC950 (50mg/kg/d), a specific NLRP3 inhibitor (CLP+MCC950, n = 10). At 72 hrs. post-CLP, blood and organs were harvested for analysis of platelet activation, NLRP3 activation, inflammation and end organ damage. Platelet activation increased from 8±0.8% in Sham to 16±1% in CLP, and was reduced to 9±1% in CLP+M rats (p<0.05). NLRP3 activation was also increased in platelets of CLP vs Sham. NLRP3 expression was unchanged in kidney and lung after CLP, but Caspase 1 expression and IL-1β were increased. MCC950 treatment attenuated NLRP3 activation in platelets. Plasma, kidney, and lung levels of NLRP3 inflammasome associated cytokines, IL-1ß and IL-18, were significantly increased in CLP compared to Sham rats. Inhibition of NLRP3 normalized cytokine levels. Glomerular injury, pulmonary edema, and endothelial dysfunction markers were increased in CLP rats vs Sham. MCC950 treatment significantly decreased renal and pulmonary injury and endothelial dysfunction in CLP+M. Our results demonstrate a role for NLRP3 in contributing to platelet activation and multi-organ injury in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C. Cornelius
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Olivia K. Travis
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Tramel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Marivee Borges-Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Cedar H. Baik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Mallory Greer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Chelsea A. Giachelli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Geilda A. Tardo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Jan M. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
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43
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Mullins TP, Tan WS, Carter DA, Gallo LA. Validation of non-invasive transcutaneous measurement for glomerular filtration rate in lean and obese C57BL/6J mice. Nephrology (Carlton) 2020; 25:575-581. [PMID: 32180312 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in experimental rodents is pivotal to understanding the progression of kidney disease and benefits of treatment strategies. A non-invasive clearance device has been developed, which measures transcutaneous decay of injected FITC-sinistrin in conscious rodents. The technique was validated against the well-established plasma clearance method in the same mice, but on consecutive days, using only models of uninephrectomy and polycystic kidney disease. We aimed to validate this widely used technique in the same lean or obese mice, at the same time. METHODS Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomised to a high fat diet (n = 12) or normal diet (n = 11) for 10 weeks. Transcutaneous and plasma clearance of FITC-sinistrin were measured simultaneously in each mouse. RESULTS In lean mice, there was a positive correlation between transcutaneous and plasma derived GFR (P < .01, R2 = .704), although there was an approximate 40% underestimation by the transcutaneous method (P < .0001). In obese mice, no correlation was observed between transcutaneous and plasma derived GFR, nor elimination half-life which removes any effect of the conversion factor and injected dose. The limits of agreement in a Bland-Altman plot were narrower when we used new conversion factors derived from mice in the current study and, in lean mice, a generic conversion factor which assumes 20% extracellular volume. CONCLUSION The non-invasive clearance device may be useful for serial GFR measurements in lean and healthy mice, provided validation studies have been carried out, but its utility in obesity requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Mullins
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Wei Sheng Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David A Carter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Linda A Gallo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
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44
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McPherson KC, Shields CA, Poudel B, Johnson AC, Taylor L, Stubbs C, Nichols A, Cornelius DC, Garrett MR, Williams JM. Altered renal hemodynamics is associated with glomerular lipid accumulation in obese Dahl salt-sensitive leptin receptor mutant rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F911-F921. [PMID: 32068459 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00438.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined whether development of renal injury in the nondiabetic obese Dahl salt-sensitive leptin receptor mutant (SSLepRmutant) strain is associated with elevations in glomerular filtration rate and renal lipid accumulation. Baseline mean arterial pressure at 6 wk of age was similar between Dahl salt-sensitive wild-type (SSWT) and SSLepRmutant rats. However, by 18 wk of age, the SSLepRmutant strain developed hypertension, while the elevation in mean arterial pressure was not as severe in SSWT rats (192 ± 4 and 149 ± 6 mmHg, respectively). At baseline, proteinuria was fourfold higher in SSLepRmutant than SSWT rats and remained elevated throughout the study. The early development of progressive proteinuria was associated with renal hyperfiltration followed by a decline in renal function over the course of study in the SSLepRmutant compared with SSWT rats. Kidneys from the SSLepRmutant strain displayed more glomerulosclerosis and glomerular lipid accumulation than SSWT rats. Glomeruli were isolated from the renal cortex of both strains at 6 and 18 wk of age, and RNA sequencing was performed to identify genes and pathways driving glomerular injury. We observed significant increases in expression of the influx lipid transporters, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (Cxcl16) and scavenger receptor and fatty acid translocase (Cd36), respectively, and a significant decrease in expression of the efflux lipid transporter, ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 2 (Abca2; cholesterol efflux regulatory protein 2), in SSLepRmutant compared with SSWT rats at 6 and 18 wk of age, which were validated by RT-PCR analysis. These data suggest an association between glomerular hyperfiltration and glomerular lipid accumulation during the early development of proteinuria associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasi C McPherson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Corbin A Shields
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Bibek Poudel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ashley C Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lateia Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Cassandra Stubbs
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alyssa Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jan M Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Shieh JJ, Riley IR, Rogers TE, Kao LF, Dorshow RB. Characterization of MB-102, a New Fluorescent Tracer Agent for Point-of-Care Renal Function Monitoring. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1191-1198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Next tier in vitro and in vivo nonclinical studies further elucidating the safety and toxicity profile of MB-102, a novel fluorescent tracer agent for measurement of glomerular filtration rate. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 107:104417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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The acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition in a mouse model of acute cardiorenal syndrome emphasizes the role of inflammation. Kidney Int 2019; 97:95-105. [PMID: 31623859 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute cardiorenal syndrome is a common complication of acute cardiovascular disease. Studies of acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition, including patients suffering acute cardiovascular disease, report high rates of CKD development. Therefore, acute cardiorenal syndrome associates with CKD, but no study has established causation. To define this we used a murine cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) model or sham procedure on male mice. CA was induced with potassium chloride while CPR consisted of chest compressions and epinephrine eight minutes later. Two weeks after AKI was induced by CA/CPR, the measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was not different from sham. However, after seven weeks the mice developed CKD, recapitulating clinical observations. One day, and one, two, and seven weeks after CA/CPR, the GFR was measured, and renal tissue sections were evaluated for various indices of injury and inflammation. One day after CA/CPR, acute cardiorenal syndrome was indicated by a significant reduction of the mean GFR (649 in sham, vs. 25 μL/min/100g in CA/CPR animals), KIM-1 positive tubules, and acute tubular necrosis. Renal inflammation developed, with F4/80 positive and CD3-positive cells infiltrating the kidney one day and one week after CA/CPR, respectively. Although there was functional recovery with normalization of GFR two weeks after CA/CPR, deposition of tubulointerstitial matrix proteins α-smooth muscle actin and fibrillin-1 progressed, along with a significantly reduced mean GFR (623 in sham vs. 409 μL/min/100g in CA/CPR animals), proteinuria, increased tissue transforming growth factor-β, and fibrosis establishing the development of CKD seven weeks after CA/CPR. Thus, murine CA/CPR, a model of acute cardiorenal syndrome, causes an AKI-CKD transition likely due to prolonged renal inflammation.
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Terstappen F, Spradley FT, Bakrania BA, Clarke SM, Joles JA, Paauw ND, Garrett MR, Lely AT, Sasser JM. Prenatal Sildenafil Therapy Improves Cardiovascular Function in Fetal Growth Restricted Offspring of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Hypertension 2019; 73:1120-1127. [PMID: 30827146 PMCID: PMC6458081 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular and renal disorders in later life. Prenatal sildenafil improves birth weight in FGR animal models. Whether sildenafil treatment protects against long-term cardiovascular and renal disease in these offspring is unknown. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that prenatal sildenafil ameliorates cardiovascular and renal function in FGR offspring of Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Sildenafil citrate (60 mg/kg per day) or control gel diet (containing 0.3% salt) was administered from gestational day ten until birth. In male and female offspring, the mean arterial pressure was measured by telemetry in 1 subset from week 5 until week twenty. Echocardiographic parameters, glomerular filtration rate, and fractional electrolyte excretion were determined in another subset at week 9. Aortic and mesenteric artery rings were prepared to assess endothelial-dependent (acetylcholine) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasorelaxation (week 10). The rise in mean arterial pressure per week was attenuated in treated versus untreated male offspring. Mesenteric arteries showed an increased endothelium-dependent relaxation and improved endothelium-independent relaxation in treated versus control male offspring. No differences in aortic relaxation, echocardiographic parameters or renal function were observed between groups. Prenatal sildenafil treatment subtly improves cardiovascular but not renal function in the offspring of this FGR rat model. Translationally, in utero treatment could be beneficial for cardiovascular programming in a sex-specific manner; however, caution is warranted since recent human trials have been halted because of potentially deleterious neonatal side effects when treating pregnancies complicated with severe FGR with sildenafil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fieke Terstappen
- From the Department of Obstetrics (F.T., S.M.C., N.D.P., A.T.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immunology and Developmental Origin of Disease (F.T.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank T Spradley
- Department of Surgery (F.T.S.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Bhavisha A Bakrania
- Department of Physiology (B.A.B.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Sinéad M Clarke
- From the Department of Obstetrics (F.T., S.M.C., N.D.P., A.T.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Joles
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital Birth Center and Department of Nephrology and Hypertension (J.A.J.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nina D Paauw
- From the Department of Obstetrics (F.T., S.M.C., N.D.P., A.T.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.R.G., J.M.S.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - A Titia Lely
- From the Department of Obstetrics (F.T., S.M.C., N.D.P., A.T.L.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer M Sasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.R.G., J.M.S.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
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Hauser-Kawaguchi A, Milne M, Li F, Lee T, Luyt L. The development of a near infrared inulin optical probe for measuring glomerular filtration rate. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:255-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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50
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Muñoz Abellán C, Mangold-Gehring S, Micus S, Beddies G, Moritz A, Hartmann E, Lehmann W, Eitner F. A Novel Model of Chronic Kidney Disease in Rats: Dietary Adenine in Combination with Unilateral Nephrectomy. KIDNEY DISEASES 2019; 5:135-143. [PMID: 31259175 DOI: 10.1159/000495750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Adenine at 0.75% in the diet (AD) triggers renal impairment in rats. This model of kidney disease is largely reversible when AD feeding is stopped. Testing of novel drugs parallel to AD administration may result in unwanted interference. Objectives We hypothesized that combining AD with unilateral nephrectomy (UNx) would result in progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) even after cessation of AD. Methods In an explorative study, 16 rats with UNx (AD-1K rats) and 10 sham-operated rats (AD-2K rats) received AD-supplemented feed for 3 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of standard chow. Ten sham-operated rats receiving only standard chow served as controls. Laboratory parameters in blood and urine were frequently assessed during and after cessation of AD feeding. Comprehensive pathological examinations were performed in all rats at the end of the experiment. Results Rats with UNx were more affected by impaired glomerular filtration rate, anemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia. After cessation of AD feeding, recovery was poorest in AD-1K rats, paralleled by increased proteinuria indicative of progressive CKD. Scores in histopathological damage of the kidneys indicative of CKD were seen in both AD-fed groups, with key parameters being more affected in AD-1K rats. Histopathological changes in the heart were most prominent in AD-1K rats. Conclusions Combining AD feeding with UNx provides a time window after cessation of AD feeding for the testing of drugs without interference. Our findings in rats may have implications for research in other target animal species as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Muñoz Abellán
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology, and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany.,Kidney Diseases Research, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Sina Micus
- Kidney Diseases Research, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology, and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Eitner
- Kidney Diseases Research, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
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