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Wang L, Gollust SE, Rothman AJ, Vogel RI, Yzer MC, Nagler RH. Effects of Exposure to Conflicting Health Information on Topic-Specific Information Sharing and Seeking Intentions. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38736132 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2350844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Despite considerable evidence that exposure to conflicting health information can have undesirable effects on outcomes including public understanding about and trust in health recommendations, comparatively little is known about whether such exposure influences intentions to engage in two communication behaviors central to public health promotion: information sharing and information seeking. The purpose of the current study is to test whether exposure to conflicting information influences intentions to share and seek information about six health topics. We analyzed data from two waves of a longitudinal survey experiment with a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 3,920). Participants were randomly assigned to either a conflict or no-conflict message condition, in which they read news stories and social media posts about three (of six) randomly selected health topics at Time 1 and the remaining three at Time 2. The dependent variables, which were measured at Time 2, asked participants whether they intended to share or seek information about the three topics they had just viewed. Linear mixed effects models showed that exposure to conflict reduced intentions to share and seek information, regardless of health topic. These findings suggest that exposure to conflicting health information discourages two important types of health information engagement, thus adding to the growing evidence base documenting the adverse consequences of conflicting information for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota
| | - Sarah E Gollust
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health
| | | | - Rachel I Vogel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, University of Minnesota Medical School
| | - Marco C Yzer
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota
| | - Rebekah H Nagler
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota
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2
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Patterson JG, Keller-Hamilton B, Wedel A, Vázquez-Otero C, Liu J, Lee D, Stevens EM, Wagener TL. Absolute and relative e-cigarette harm perceptions among young adult lesbian and bisexual women and nonbinary people assigned female at birth. Addict Behav 2023; 146:107788. [PMID: 37429104 PMCID: PMC10529580 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Young adult lesbian and bisexual women report considerable e-cigarette disparities, which may be attributed to low harm perceptions. No studies have assessed differences in e-cigarette harm perceptions in this group, nor which factors might be intervention targets to influence harm perceptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated differences in and modifiable correlates of e-cigarette harm perceptions among young adult lesbian and bisexual women and non-binary people assigned female at birth. Young adult women and non-binary people assigned female at birth, aged 18-30 years old, and who self-identified as lesbian or bisexual (N = 471) reported absolute and relative harm perceptions of e-cigarettes to health in an online survey. We modeled associations between harm perceptions and individual, interpersonal, and contextual factors. RESULTS Bisexual (vs. lesbian) participants perceived higher absolute harm of e-cigarettes (Mean (M) = 7.61 vs M = 7.09, p = .03). Participants rated e-cigarettes as slightly less harmful than cigarettes, and there was no statistically significant difference by sexual orientation (Bisexual: M = 4.84 vs Lesbian: M = 4.36). In multivariable models, bisexual (vs. lesbian) participants and Hispanic/Latinx and Other race (vs. non-Hispanic White) participants reported higher absolute and relative e-cigarette harm perceptions. Greater sexual identify affirmation and greater perceived stress were associated with higher absolute and relative e-cigarette harm perceptions. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette harm perceptions vary vis-à-vis individual-level factors. Self-identification as bisexual or minoritized race/ethnicity, greater sexual identity affirmation, and greater perceived stress was associated with increased harm perceptions. Understanding variations may inform targeted health communications to reduce e-cigarette use disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne G Patterson
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43120, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Control Program, 460 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43120, USA; Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3650 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH 43214, USA.
| | - Brittney Keller-Hamilton
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Control Program, 460 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43120, USA; Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3650 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH 43214, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 2050 Kenny Rd, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
| | - Amelia Wedel
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Hunting Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Coralia Vázquez-Otero
- Department of Public Health, College for Health, Community and Policy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, Main Building 2.306, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Jessica Liu
- REACH Lab, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, 3145 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Donghee Lee
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Elise M Stevens
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Theodore L Wagener
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Control Program, 460 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43120, USA; Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3650 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, OH 43214, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 2050 Kenny Rd, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
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Nagler RH, Gollust SE, Yzer MC, Vogel RI, Rothman AJ. Sustaining positive perceptions of science in the face of conflicting health information: An experimental test of messages about the process of scientific discovery. Soc Sci Med 2023; 334:116194. [PMID: 37660521 PMCID: PMC10552003 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The public is often exposed to conflicting health information, with evidence of concerning consequences, yet little attention has been paid to identifying strategies that can mitigate its effects. OBJECTIVE The current study tests whether three different approaches to communicating about the process of scientific discovery-a rational appeal using analogical evidence, a rational appeal using testimonial evidence, and a logic-based inoculation approach-could reduce the adverse effects of exposure to conflict by positively framing how people construe the scientific process, increasing their perceived knowledge about the scientific process, and helping them to respond to critiques about the scientific process, which, in turn, might make them less apt to counterargue the science they subsequently encounter in health news stories and other exposures to conflict. METHODS We fielded a survey experiment in May 2022 with a national sample of U.S. adults (N = 1604). RESULTS Providing any of the three messages about science prior to exposure to conflicting health information encouraged both positive construal of science and greater science knowledge perceptions and discouraged counterarguing science, compared to a control condition in which people were only exposed to conflict. Of the three messaging approaches tested, the testimonial evidence message was slightly more effective, but was also considered slightly more accurate, credible, and trustworthy. CONCLUSIONS Developing and implementing messages that describe the process of scientific discovery could prove successful, not only in improving public perceptions of science but perhaps ultimately in better equipping people to make sense of conflicting information and its causes. However, additional research on such strategies is needed, particularly as part of larger interventions with multiple messages across multiple exposures, if they are to have implications for health and science communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah H Nagler
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota, 111 Murphy Hall, 206 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Sarah E Gollust
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 420 Delaware Street SE MMC 729, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Marco C Yzer
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota, 111 Murphy Hall, 206 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Rachel I Vogel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware Street SE MMC 395, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander J Rothman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, N321 Elliot Hall, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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Harlow AF, Xie W, Goghari AR, Lundberg DJ, Raquib RV, Berlowitz JB, Stokes AC. Sociodemographic Differences in E-Cigarette Uptake and Perceptions of Harm. Am J Prev Med 2023; 65:356-365. [PMID: 36924804 PMCID: PMC10440280 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate socioeconomic and racial/ethnic differences in e-cigarette uptake and harm perceptions about e-cigarettes among adults who smoke cigarettes in the U.S. METHODS Five waves of the U.S. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2013-2019) were used to assess transitions from exclusive cigarette smoking to (1) exclusive e-cigarette use, (2) dual use, and (3) nonuse of either product (N=7,172). Analyses (conducted in 2022) estimated differences in transitions and e-cigarette harm perceptions by race/ethnicity, income, and education. RESULTS Hispanic (OR=0.32; 95% CI=0.18, 0.54) and Black (OR=0.38; 95% CI=0.22, 0.65) adults were less likely than White adults to transition from exclusive cigarette to exclusive e-cigarette use after 1 year. Adults with a bachelor's degree (versus those with less than high school) (OR=2.57; 95% CI=1.49, 4.45) and adults making ≥$100,000/year (versus those making <$10,000) (OR=3.61; 95% CI=2.10, 6.22) were more likely to transition from exclusive cigarette to exclusive e-cigarette use. Hispanic and Black adults and those with lower income and education were more likely to perceive e-cigarettes as equally or more harmful than cigarettes, which in turn was associated with lower odds of transitioning from exclusive cigarette smoking to exclusive e-cigarette use (OR=0.62; 95% CI=0.47, 0.81). CONCLUSIONS Adults who were Hispanic, were Black, and/or had lower SES were less likely to use e-cigarettes to quit cigarettes. Findings provide preliminary evidence that differences in harm perceptions may contribute to disparities in e-cigarette transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa F Harlow
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Wubin Xie
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aboli R Goghari
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dielle J Lundberg
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rafeya V Raquib
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan B Berlowitz
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew C Stokes
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Weiger C, Chen-Sankey J, Jeong M, Delnevo C, Wackowski O. Awareness and beliefs about FDA e-cigarette regulation in the premarket application review era. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107748. [PMID: 37182238 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In March 2022, FDA granted its first marketing orders for e-cigarettes. Few studies have assessed awareness of FDA e-cigarette regulation and authorization in the era of premarket review. This study describes prevalence of awareness as well as beliefs about regulation among adults who smoke and youth. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, nationally representative online survey of 866 adults who currently smoke cigarettes and 859 youth (ages 15-20) in June 2022 using Ipsos KnowledgePanel. Population prevalence of regulatory awareness and beliefs are reported. Pearson χ2 and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to assess dependent and independent associations with demographic and tobacco use characteristics. RESULTS Awareness that FDA regulates e-cigarettes was low among adults who smoke (25.4 %) and youth (18.5 %). Awareness that FDA authorizes e-cigarettes was also low among adults who smoke (10.8 %) and youth (12.7 %). Agreement with both positive and negative beliefs regarding FDA e-cigarette regulation was below 50 %. Current e-cigarette use was significantly associated with agreeing that regulation: makes e-cigarettes safer (adult aOR: 2.90, youth aOR: 2.51), helps prevent youth initiation (adult aOR 1.92), takes away freedom to choose to use e-cigarettes (adult aOR: 3.02, youth aOR: 2.58), and limits types of e-cigarettes available (adult aOR: 2.22, youth aOR: 2.49). DISCUSSION There is low awareness of FDA e-cigarette regulation and authorization and relatively low agreement with positive beliefs about e-cigarette regulation. Further study is needed to assess how the changing regulatory environment impacts product perceptions, intentions, and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Weiger
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
| | - Julia Chen-Sankey
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Michelle Jeong
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Cristine Delnevo
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Olivia Wackowski
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Nagler RH, Vogel RI, Rothman AJ, Yzer MC, Gollust SE. Vulnerability to the Effects of Conflicting Health Information: Testing the Moderating Roles of Trust in News Media and Research Literacy. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2023; 50:224-233. [PMID: 35861247 PMCID: PMC9859941 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to conflicting health information can produce negative affective and cognitive responses, including confusion and backlash, and the effects of this exposure can even "carry over" and reduce people's receptivity to subsequent messages about health behaviors for which there is scientific consensus. What is not known is whether certain population subgroups are more vulnerable to such carryover effects. AIMS This study investigates whether carryover effects of exposure to conflicting information are moderated by two factors, trust in news media and research literacy, testing the hypothesis that lower trust and higher literacy could protect against such effects. METHOD The analysis draws on data from a longitudinal population-based experiment (N = 2,716), in which participants were randomly assigned to view health news stories and social media posts that either did or did not feature conflicting information, and subsequently exposed to ads from existing health campaigns about behaviors for which there is scientific consensus. Structural equation modeling was used to test study hypotheses. RESULTS Neither lower trust in news media nor higher research literacy protected against carryover effects, as effects were observed across levels of both trust and literacy. Although level of research literacy did not affect whether carryover effects were observed, it did shape how those effects emerged. CONCLUSION The public, regardless of their level of trust in news media or research literacy, is vulnerable to the downstream effects of exposure to conflicting health information. Targeted health communication interventions are needed to improve messaging about evolving science and, in turn, increase receptivity to public health recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah H. Nagler
- University of Minnesota Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel I. Vogel
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander J. Rothman
- University of Minnesota Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marco C. Yzer
- University of Minnesota Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarah E. Gollust
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Warner KE, Kiessling KA, Douglas CE, Liber AC. A Proposed Policy Agenda For Electronic Cigarettes In The US: Product, Price, Place, And Promotion. Health Aff (Millwood) 2022; 41:1299-1306. [PMID: 36067433 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Growth in the market for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) raises complex questions about the devices' public health implications and, hence, challenging policy issues. We propose a policy agenda addressing concerns about preventing youth uptake of e-cigarettes and the desire to realize the potential of e-cigarettes to increase adult cigarette smoking cessation. We organize interventions according to the "four Ps" of marketing: product, price, place, and promotion. Policies include decreasing the addictiveness of combusted tobacco products while ensuring the availability of consumer-acceptable reduced-risk nicotine products, imposing large taxes on combustible products and smaller taxes on e-cigarettes, limiting the sale of all tobacco and (nonmedicinal) nicotine products to adult-only retailers, and developing communications that accurately portray e-cigarettes' risks to youth and benefits for inveterate adult smokers. All members of the public health community should unite to pursue a shared commitment to the principle that both youth and adults deserve a future free of tobacco-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alex C Liber
- Alex C. Liber, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C
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Hrywna M, Singh B, Wackowski OA, Hudson SV, Delnevo CD. Can States Continue to Set the Agenda for Tobacco 21? Insights From US News Coverage Between 2012 and 2020. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1305-1309. [PMID: 35092441 PMCID: PMC9278834 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Existing research on media examining the news content related to Tobacco 21 (T21) predate the adoption of most T21 laws. This study examined the discussion of T21 laws in top-circulating print media sources in the United States between 2012 and 2020. AIMS AND METHODS Systematic database searches using Access World News and Factiva identified T21-related news articles appearing in the top daily circulating newspapers in each state between January 2012 and December 2020 (n = 586 articles). Content analyses documented prevalence, types of articles and context related to framing of arguments for or against T21 laws. RESULTS Newspaper coverage of T21 was highest in 2019 (42.8% of articles). The majority were news or features (75.4%) followed by editorials or opinions (24.6%) which largely supported T21. Most articles focused on state or local T21 action. Coverage of federal T21 increased in 2019. The most common argument supporting T21 included reducing youth tobacco prevalence (64.8%) while the most frequent objection was freedom infringement (25.1%). Tobacco and vape industries began voicing support for T21 in 2019. CONCLUSIONS News coverage of state-level T21 in the United States began to increase in 2015 and peaked in 2019 with enactment of federal T21, a newsworthy event. As states adopt and amend T21 laws to align with federal law, advocates can use media to help shape the narrative and encourage strong T21 policies. IMPLICATIONS This study described the volume and content of T21 print media coverage from 2012 to 2020, including common arguments used to support and oppose T21. Arguments in support of T21 included reducing youth tobacco use, particularly use of e-cigarettes, and related health effects while arguments against T21 focused on individual rights. Support for T21 reached a tipping point in 2019, including the tobacco industry's reversal in opposing such laws. States can and should continue to improve existing T21 laws and policies and increase public awareness about critical policy components such as inspection procedures and penalties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Hrywna
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Binu Singh
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Olivia A Wackowski
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shawna V Hudson
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cristine D Delnevo
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Chen-Sankey J, Bover-Manderski MT. Importance of a Balanced Public Health Approach When Assessing Recent Patterns in the Prevalence of Adult e-Cigarette Use in the US. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2223274. [PMID: 35867066 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.23274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Chen-Sankey
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Michelle T Bover-Manderski
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Liu Q, Liang Y, Wang S, Huang Z, Wang Q, Jia M, Li Z, Ming WK. Health Communication through Chinese Media on E-Cigarette: A Topic Modeling Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137591. [PMID: 35805245 PMCID: PMC9265508 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been a newsworthy topic in China. E-cigarettes are receiving greater consumer attention due to the rise of the Chinese e-cigarettes industry. In the past decade, e-cigarettes have been widely debated across the media, particularly their identity and their health effects. Objective: this study aims to (1) find the key topics in e-cigarette news and (2) provide suggestions for future media strategies to improve health communication. Method: We collected Chinese e-cigarettes news from 1 November 2015 to 31 October 2020, in the Huike (WiseSearch) database, using “e-cigarettes” (Chinese: “电子烟”) as the keyword. We used the Jieba package in python to perform the data cleaning process and the Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling method to generate major themes of the health communication through news content. Main finding: through an analysis of 1584 news articles on e-cigarettes, this paper finds 26 topics covered with 4 themes as regulations and control (n = 475, 30%), minor protection (n = 436, 27.5%), industry activities (n = 404, 25.5%), and health effects (n = 269, 17%). The peak and decline of the number of news articles are affected by time and related regulations. Conclusion: the main themes of Chinese news content on e-cigarettes are regulations and control, and minor protection. Newspapers should shoulder the responsibilities and play an important role in health communication with balanced coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, National Media Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center (Jinan University), Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (M.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yu Liang
- School of Journalism and Communication, National Media Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center (Jinan University), Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (M.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhongguo Huang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Journalism and Communication, National Media Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center (Jinan University), Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (M.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Miaoyutian Jia
- School of Journalism and Communication, National Media Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center (Jinan University), Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (M.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zihang Li
- School of Journalism and Communication, National Media Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center (Jinan University), Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Q.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.W.); (M.J.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, To Yuen Building, 31 To Yuen Street, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Sæbø G, Lund I. Public support for further regulating smoking, snus and e-cigarettes in Norway, and its associations with risk perceptions and tobacco use. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2022; 101:103559. [PMID: 34952281 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public support is an indication of the legitimacy of governmental tobacco interventions. Little is known about what it is that shapes the support for various tobacco policy measures. We examine whether there are differences in public support for new measures against smoking, snus, and e-cigarettes in Norway, and whether public support is associated with user status and perceptions of the products' harm potential. DATA AND METHODS In December 2017, 4,002 people aged between 16 and 89 answered a web-based questionnaire. The sample was randomly drawn from Norstat's web panel, and pre-stratified by gender, age, region, and education in order to obtain an approximate country-representative sample. Respondents were asked to indicate their support for eight possible future measures to further restrict accessibility of tobacco (asked separately with regard to smoking tobacco, snus and e-cigarettes respectively), on a five-point scale from 1 = 'no support' to 5 = 'full support'. We utilized means and t-tests to address differences in support between measures. We then constructed sum scores to assess the total support for regulating each tobacco product and subjected these indexes to linear regression analyses, controlling for background variables. RESULTS For six of the eight proposed measures, public opinion is less supportive of e-cigarette regulations than of similar regulations for snus and, especially, smoking tobacco. In all three regression models, significant associations with risk perception, user status and gender were maintained after multiple controls. The associations with risk perceptions were stronger for support of snus and e-cigarette regulation than for smoking tobacco. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings illustrate the key role of risk perceptions in forming public opinions regarding tobacco-preventive regulations and underline the importance of information to ensure that population risk perceptions are accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Sæbø
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingeborg Lund
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
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Jeong M, Singh B, Wackowski OA, Mukherjee R, Steinberg MB, Delnevo CD. Content Analysis of E-cigarette News Articles Amidst the 2019 Vaping-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) Outbreak in the U.S. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 24:799-803. [PMID: 34624099 PMCID: PMC8962717 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION News media can shape public perceptions about e-cigarettes, particularly in the context of ongoing uncertainty from the recent outbreak of e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). This study aimed to characterize news articles published about e-cigarettes in 2019, including before and during the EVALI outbreak. METHODS Using 24 e-cigarette-related search terms, we gathered all articles published in leading print and online U.S. news sources in 2019 from databases (i.e., Factiva, Access World News) and archival websites (i.e., www.newspapers.com). We conducted a content analysis of e-cigarette themes and statements, identifying differences in themes between articles that did and did not mention EVALI. RESULTS Of the 1,643 e-cigarette news articles published in 2019, 62% mentioned EVALI. Frequency of e-cigarette articles peaked in September (n=532) at the height of the EVALI outbreak. Among all articles discussing e-cigarettes, the most prevalent main topics were policy/regulation (45%) and health effects (35%). Articles that mentioned EVALI frequently discussed youth e-cigarette use (40%) and JUUL (33%). Compared to non-EVALI articles, EVALI articles were more likely to discuss health effects (p<.001) but less likely to discuss policies/regulations, except for flavor bans (47% of EVALI articles vs. 39% of non-EVALI articles, p=.002). EVALI articles were also less likely to discuss e-cigarettes being less risky than cigarettes (p=.005). CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette news coverage was prevalent in 2019, and patterns in frequency and content reflected major events (i.e., EVALI). In turn, news media can shape public perceptions, and even policy, about e-cigarettes and must continue to be monitored. IMPLICATIONS E-cigarette news coverage in 2019 was high, driven in large part by news coverage of the EVALI outbreak. Indeed, the peak in e-cigarette news articles in September directly coincided with the peak in EVALI cases in the U.S. Of note, articles that mentioned EVALI frequently discussed youth e-cigarette use, JUUL, and flavor bans, which may have triggered national and state-level policy responses, and likely influenced public perceptions (including misperceptions) regarding the harms of e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jeong
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.,Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Binu Singh
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Olivia A Wackowski
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.,Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Rohit Mukherjee
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Michael B Steinberg
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Cristine D Delnevo
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.,Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
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13
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Dai H. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Youth Vaping Cessation Intention and Quit Attempts. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2021-050164. [PMID: 34408090 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-050164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to examine the prevalence and factors associated with youth vaping cessation behaviors. METHODS Current (past 30-day) electronic-cigarette (e-cigarette) users from the 2020 National Youth Tobacco Survey (n = 1660, typically aged 11-18 years) were analyzed to examine the prevalence of youth intention to quit vaping, past-year quit attempts, and the frequency of quit attempts. Multivariable logistic or linear regressions were performed to assess the correlates with youth vaping cessation behaviors. RESULTS In 2020, 53.4% of current e-cigarette users reported intention to quit vaping and 67.4% reported having tried to quit vaping. Intention to quit was lower among female individuals (versus male individuals, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.7, P = .0004), users of a modifiable system (versus disposable e-cigarettes, aOR = 0.4, P = .0204), and dual or poly users (versus sole e-cigarette use, aOR = 0.7, P = .0144). e-cigarette harm perception was positively associated with intention to quit (aOR = 2.2, P < .0001) and past-year quit attempts (aOR = 1.6, P = .0037). Reasons for e-cigarette use were related to cessation behaviors. Adolescents who vaped because of curiosity had higher odds of past-year quit attempts (aOR = 1.4, P = .0306), whereas users to disguise vaping had a lower likelihood of intention to quit (aOR=0.4, P < .0001) and past-year quit attempts (aOR = 0.7, P = .0126). The average number of past-year quit attempts was 5.3, and it was lower among female individuals (versus male individuals), users of e-cigarettes with prefilled pods or cartridges (versus disposable e-cigarettes), and those with nicotine cravings (versus no nicotine craving). CONCLUSIONS Intention to quit vaping and past-year quit attempts are prevalent among US adolescent e-cigarette users. The study findings inform the development of multifaceted vaping cessation programs to take sex, e-cigarette devices, vaping reasons and patterns, harm perception, and nicotine dependence into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Dai
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska
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14
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Balfour DJK, Benowitz NL, Colby SM, Hatsukami DK, Lando HA, Leischow SJ, Lerman C, Mermelstein RJ, Niaura R, Perkins KA, Pomerleau OF, Rigotti NA, Swan GE, Warner KE, West R. Balancing Consideration of the Risks and Benefits of E-Cigarettes. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:1661-1672. [PMID: 34410826 PMCID: PMC8589069 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The topic of e-cigarettes is controversial. Opponents focus on e-cigarettes' risks for young people, while supporters emphasize the potential for e-cigarettes to assist smokers in quitting smoking. Most US health organizations, media coverage, and policymakers have focused primarily on risks to youths. Because of their messaging, much of the public-including most smokers-now consider e-cigarette use as dangerous as or more dangerous than smoking. By contrast, the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine concluded that e-cigarette use is likely far less hazardous than smoking. Policies intended to reduce adolescent vaping may also reduce adult smokers' use of e-cigarettes in quit attempts. Because evidence indicates that e-cigarette use can increase the odds of quitting smoking, many scientists, including this essay's authors, encourage the health community, media, and policymakers to more carefully weigh vaping's potential to reduce adult smoking-attributable mortality. We review the health risks of e-cigarette use, the likelihood that vaping increases smoking cessation, concerns about youth vaping, and the need to balance valid concerns about risks to youths with the potential benefits of increasing adult smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J K Balfour
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neal L Benowitz
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Suzanne M Colby
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harry A Lando
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Scott J Leischow
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caryn Lerman
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robin J Mermelstein
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raymond Niaura
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth A Perkins
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ovide F Pomerleau
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nancy A Rigotti
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gary E Swan
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth E Warner
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert West
- David J. K. Balfour is professor emeritus with the Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Neal L. Benowitz is with the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Suzanne M. Colby is with the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI. Dorothy K. Hatsukami is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harry A. Lando is with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota. Scott J. Leischow is with the College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix. Caryn Lerman is with the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Robin J. Mermelstein is with the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois‒Chicago. Raymond Niaura is with the Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. Kenneth A. Perkins is with the Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Ovide F. Pomerleau is professor emeritus with the Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Nancy A. Rigotti is with the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Gary E. Swan is with the Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. Kenneth E. Warner is with the Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Robert West is with the Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Hudson SV, Kurti M, Howard J, Sanabria B, Schroth KRJ, Hrywna M, Delnevo CD. Adoption of Tobacco 21: A Cross-Case Analysis of Ten US States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6096. [PMID: 34198807 PMCID: PMC8201309 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent push for Tobacco 21 legislation in the US and the national adoption of Tobacco 21, there is a paucity of data on the process of policy adoption. To explore the key factors that served as facilitators or challenges to the passage of state T21 laws that apply to the sale of all tobacco products to anyone under 21 years of age, we conducted a comparative, cross-case study in ten states that adopted Tobacco 21 between 2016 and 2019. Stakeholders from selected states were identified via snowball sampling, and interviews were conducted from November 2018 to March 2020. Three primary factors emerged as facilitators to the passage of state T21 laws: (1) increased attention on e-cigarettes as the product driving an overall increase in youth tobacco use and depiction of an "e-cigarette epidemic", (2) having at least one influential policy entrepreneur or champion, and (3) traction from other states or local municipalities passing T21 legislation. Challenges to T21's success included (1) influence of the tobacco industry, (2) the bill's low ranking among legislative priorities, and (3) controversy among advocates and policymakers over bill language. As e-cigarette rates spiked, T21 bills became legislative priorities, traction from other successful efforts mounted, and ultimately, the tobacco industry flipped from opposing to supporting T21 laws. Despite these favorable headwinds, advocates struggled increasingly to pass bills with ideal policy language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna V. Hudson
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (J.H.); (B.S.)
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Marin Kurti
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, Criminology and Social Work, Eastern Connecticut State University, 83 Windham Street Willmantic, CT 06226, USA;
| | - Jenna Howard
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (J.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Bianca Sanabria
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (J.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Kevin R. J. Schroth
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.R.J.S.); (M.H.)
- Department of Health Behavior, Society & Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Mary Hrywna
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.R.J.S.); (M.H.)
- Department of Health Behavior, Society & Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Cristine D. Delnevo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.R.J.S.); (M.H.)
- Department of Health Behavior, Society & Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Cwalina SN, Braymiller JL, Leventhal AM, Unger JB, McConnell R, Barrington-Trimis JL. Prevalence of Young Adult Vaping, Substance Vaped, and Purchase Location Across Five Categories of Vaping Devices. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:829-835. [PMID: 33196838 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rapidly evolving landscape of vaping devices has complicated analyses of use patterns among youth and young adults. The current study describes the prevalence of use, substances vaped, and purchasing behaviors across five different vaping device categories. AIMS AND METHODS Participants (n = 2505; mean age = 19.2, SD = 0.46) from a cohort in the Los Angeles area completed web-based surveys from June 2018 to October 2019. For each of four device type categories depicted via digital images (any pod-style vape, cigalike, box-mod, vape pen) and for JUUL specifically, participants reported ever and past 30-day use, substance vaped (mostly nicotine, nicotine and tetrahydrocannabinol [THC], mostly THC, neither), ownership of device (yes/no), where they obtained that device (eg, purchased themselves, from a friend), and if purchased, purchase location (eg, vape shop, online). RESULTS Overall, 44.9% reported ever use, and 26.2% reported past 30-day use of at least one of the devices. The prevalence of past 30-day use was highest for pod-style vapes (any pod = 17.0%; JUUL = 15.1%). Among respondents who reported ever owning any device (n = 643 [25.7%]), 59.9% reported purchasing the device themselves, despite not being of legal purchasing age (15.4% of total sample); across all device types, products were most often purchased in vape shops or online. CONCLUSIONS Across all devices, the prevalence of self-purchase of vaping devices among underage young adults in the Los Angeles area was high, and most were purchased from a vape shop or online. Tobacco control policies to prevent underage purchase of tobacco products-particularly among never smokers-are needed. IMPLICATIONS A high proportion of underage young adults reported owning their own vaping device and having purchased it themselves from a vape shop or online. Stronger tobacco control policies and better enforcement efforts are needed to successfully prevent underage purchase of tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam N Cwalina
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jessica L Braymiller
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jessica L Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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17
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Wackowski OA, O'Connor RJ, Pearson JL. Smokers' Exposure to Perceived Modified Risk Claims for E-Cigarettes, Snus, and Smokeless Tobacco in the United States. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:605-608. [PMID: 32812028 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on arguments for harm reduction and health benefits, tobacco companies in the United States can apply for regulatory authorization to make "modified risk tobacco product" (MRTP) marketing claims. The impact of future MRTP claims may depend on whether they are noticed, believed, and lead to smokers switching products. This study provides baseline data about smokers' exposure to perceived MRTP claims ahead of any MRTP authorizations. AIMS AND METHODS We analyzed measures from Wave 3 of the US-based Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study which asked smokers to indicate if they had seen any e-cigarettes, snus, or other smokeless tobacco (SLT) products that claim to be "less harmful" in the past 12 months, and their likelihood of using products with these claims in the next 30 days. RESULTS Significantly fewer smokers noted having seen snus (5.1%) or other SLT (5.6%) with "less harmful" claims compared with e-cigarettes (29.1%). For each product, the prevalence of MRTP claim exposure was higher among smokers who perceived the product to be less harmful than smoking, who currently used the product, and who had higher rates of tobacco advertising exposure at the point of sale. Among smokers who noticed products with "less harmful" claims, about one-quarter said they would use them in the future (24%-27%). CONCLUSIONS Ahead of any Food & Drug Administration (FDA) authorization for MRTP claims, some smokers already perceive exposure to "less harmful" claims for e-cigarettes, but few do for SLT. MRTP claims may motivate some smokers to use these products. IMPLICATIONS This study provides new baseline data about smokers' perceived exposure to MRTP claims in the United States ahead of any regulatory claim authorization. Using data from Wave 3 of the US PATH study, we found that some smokers already perceive exposure to "less harmful" claims for e-cigarettes (29%), but few do for SLT (5%-6%). Among smokers who noticed products with "less harmful" claims, about one-quarter said they would use them in the future (24%-27%), suggesting MRTP claims may motivate some smokers to use products described as "less harmful."
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Wackowski
- Rutgers Center for Tobacco Studies, Department of Health Behavior, Society and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Richard J O'Connor
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jennifer L Pearson
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV
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Algiers O, Wang Y, Laestadius L. Content Analysis of U.S. Newspaper Coverage of Causes and Solutions to Vaping-Associated Lung Injury. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:522-528. [PMID: 33627031 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1883663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2019, an outbreak of vaping-associated lung injury (also known as "EVALI") spread throughout the U.S., linked to use of illicit THC cartridges. This paper examines U.S. newspaper coverage on the causes and solutions to EVALI. Methods: A content analysis of 417 articles from April to December 2019 from two national newspapers, one regional newspaper, and the Associated Press was conducted. Articles were coded for information about EVALI causes, mentions of the brand Dank Vapes, calls for individuals take a specific action to prevent harm, and mentions of policy actions to address vaping. Mentions of increasing youth vaping and JUUL were also coded. Results: Most articles (77%) provided an update on the number of EVALI cases and/or deaths. Fewer described EVALI symptoms (20%) or mentioned vaping cessation resources available to the public (2%). Almost half of articles also mentioned youth vaping as a concern (49%). Dank Vapes was mentioned rarely (4%) compared to JUUL (39%). After CDC recommendations changed to no longer recommend avoiding all vaping products, news articles became significantly less likely to mention nicotine products as a cause of EVALI or suggest that individuals cease all vaping. While policy was generally not articulated as a solution to EVALI, banning or limiting flavored nicotine vaping products were the most common policy actions mentioned. Conclusions/Importance: The discussions of causes of and solutions to EVALI were often intertwined with coverage of youth vaping, potentially failing to convey a clear sense of how the public should respond to the EVALI outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Algiers
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Linnea Laestadius
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Dai H, Hao J. Online popularity of JUUL and Puff Bars in the USA: 2019-2020. Tob Control 2020; 31:7-10. [PMID: 33051277 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a flavour ban on cartridge-based e-cigarettes in January 2020. It is unclear whether e-cigarette users will switch to disposable vaping products with a variety of kids-appealing flavours available. METHODS We performed piece-wise regression and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) algorithms to compare the relative search volume (RSV) of JUUL and Puff Bar (a disposable vaping product) using the 1-year Google Trends data from 24 February 2019 to 20 February 2020, separated by three events that may have spurred changes in RSV for each product. RESULTS The RSV for JUUL was relatively stable before Trump Administration announced plans to ban flavoured e-cigarettes. After that, the RSV for JUUL dropped sharply (rate of change=-8.8 per week) from 11 September 2019 to 17 October 2019 when JUUL Labs announced to halt online sales of some flavoured products, and the RSV resumed the decreasing trend after FDA announced enforcement policy of cartridge-based e-cigarettes on 2 January 2020. In comparison, the RSV for Puff Bar started to increase after 11 September 2019 with a low rate of change (0.6) until 17 October 2019. After that, the increase in RSV for Puff Bar accelerated. The RSV of puff bars surpassed that of JUUL during the week of 2 February 2020. CONCLUSION The popularity of Puff Bar on Google Search suggests that users may replace cartridge-based vaping products with disposable e-cigarettes in the circumvention of the partial flavour ban. Continuous surveillance and further assessment are needed to prevent potential loopholes in tobacco regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jianqiang Hao
- Department of Finance, College of Business, Bellevue University, Bellevue, Nebraska, USA
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Kikut A, Williams S, Hornik R. A Toxic Blend: Assessing the Effects of Cross-Source Media Coverage of Flavored E-Cigarettes on Youth and Young Adult Perceptions. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 25:640-649. [PMID: 33104493 PMCID: PMC9447990 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2020.1834032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flavored e-cigarettes have received high attention across social and news media. How does exposure to e-cigarette flavors across multiple sources in the media environment influence youth e-cigarette perceptions? To address this question, we identified e-cigarette flavor mentions on 24.3 million Twitter posts and 11,691 longform texts (newspapers, broadcast news, and websites) disseminated over 3 years (2014-2017). During the same period, we measured e-cigarette beliefs through a nationally representative randomly sampled rolling survey of 13-26-year-olds (N = 4,470, 1013 days). We estimated the association between flavor-specific content on Twitter and longform sources in the 28 days prior to each survey date and perceptions that e-cigarettes taste good. The interaction of coverage on Twitter and longform sources was significantly associated with more favorable perceptions of e-cigarette taste (OR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.41); the main effects of each source type were not significant. This study presents a novel approach to evaluating the effects of cross-source coverage in today's complex media landscape and may strengthen claims for media influence on e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Kikut
- Corresponding Author: 3620 Walnut St., Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, United States, (; phone: 802-777-0456)
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