1
|
Ward E, Belderson P, Clark A, Stirling S, Clark L, Pope I, Notley C. How do people quit smoking using e-cigarettes? A mixed-methods exploration of participant smoking pathways following receiving an opportunistic e-cigarette-based smoking cessation intervention. Addiction 2024. [PMID: 39252616 DOI: 10.1111/add.16633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pathways of transitioning from tobacco smoking to vaping after receiving an e-cigarette-based smoking cessation intervention have been minimally explored. STUDY AIMS 1) identify pathways between intervention delivery and final follow-up; 2) describe baseline and post-intervention statistical data in relation to smoking/vaping behaviour of the different pathway groups; 3) explore qualitative participant perspectives contextualising pathway groups. DESIGN Embedded mixed-methods analysis of data collected for the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department (COSTED) randomised controlled trial. SETTING Recruitment from 6 Emergency Departments (5 in England and 1 in Scotland) between January and August 2022. PARTICIPANTS 366 adult smokers who were randomised to receive the COSTED intervention and provided data at 6-month follow-up. Qualitative subsample of 24 participants interviewed after follow-up. INTERVENTIONS Brief smoking cessation advice, provision of an e-cigarette starter kit and referral to the local Stop Smoking Service. MEASUREMENTS Descriptive statistical reporting of identified pathways and smoking/vaping behaviour at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Semi-structured phone/video interviews analysed thematically. FINDINGS 13.4% (n = 49) of participants quit smoking within 1 month of receiving the intervention, 19.1% (n = 70) quit between 1 and 6 months, 24.9% (n = 91) reduced cigarettes per day (CPD) by at least 50%, and 42.6% did not experience a significant smoking reduction. Approximately a third of participants who quit reported not vaping at follow-up. Reporting dual use was associated with a reduction in CPD. Appoximately a third reported experimenting with a different device to the one provided as part of the intervention. Quitters reported themes of satisfaction with vaping, changes in environment facilitating quitting and motivation to quit. CONCLUSIONS Dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes can result in a reduction of smoking and may preclude quitting smoking. Sustained e-cigarette use is not always necessary for quitting success. Success depends on personal context as well satisfaction with vaping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ward
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Pippa Belderson
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Allan Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Susan Stirling
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Lucy Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Ian Pope
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Caitlin Notley
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Holt LJ, Ginley MK, Pingeon C, Feinn R. Primed for positive perceptions? Applying the acquired preparedness model to explain college students' e-cigarette use and dependence. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1734-1744. [PMID: 35816741 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2089846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College students use electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) more often than any other US demographic group. In a novel application of the acquired preparedness model, we examined how proximal (e.g., cognitions) and distal (e.g., dispositional) influences accounted for ENDS use and dependence. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduates (N = 1075; 72% female, 74% White) from seven US campuses completed an online survey between October 2019-March 2020. METHODS We modeled ENDS use and dependence, respectively, as zero-inflated Poisson distributions with impulsivity as an independent variable and perceived risks and benefits of e-cigarettes as mediators. RESULTS Students higher in impulsivity perceived more benefits and, in turn, reported greater ENDS use and dependence. Curiosity and friends' use motivated ENDS initiation; stress management and nicotine motivated continued use. CONCLUSIONS ENDS interventions should be tailored to students higher in impulsivity, as they hold more favorable perceptions of ENDS, and should enhance skills to manage stress and nicotine cravings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard Feinn
- Frank H. Netter School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
McArthur J, Stewart S, Al-Hamdani M. Vaping Frequency in Young Users: The Role of Gender and Age Among Regular Users. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1778-1784. [PMID: 39028136 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2374975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Vaping is popular among adolescents and emerging adults; however, little is known about regular vaping patterns in older adolescents and emerging adults. Objective: The current study explored whether gender and age are associated with nicotine-based vaping frequency to ascertain ascertaining which subgroups of youth are most at-risk for frequent use. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, participants using nicotine-based vaping devices (N=535, age range 16-24) reported frequency measured as vaping days in a week, number of episodes during which participants vaped, and puff numbers for each episode. A two-way multivariate analysis of variance was used to test the effects and interactions of gender and age groups on the three frequency outcomes. Results: Emerging adults and males vaped more frequently than their older adolescent and female counterparts, respectively. Specifically, emerging adults vaped more days per week in comparison to older adolescents, whereas males vaped more days per week and had more vaping episodes per day relative to females. Further, emerging adult males had more vaping episodes in comparison to other subgroups, and adolescent females as well as emerging adult males took more puffs per episode in comparison to emerging adult females. Conclusion: Vaping differences among subgroups suggests the need for policies to reduce regular nicotine vaping targeted toward specific gender and age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McArthur
- Department of Psychology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Sherry Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Hamdani
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McCauley DM, Baiocchi M, Gaiha SM, Halpern-Felsher B. Sociodemographic differences in use of nicotine, cannabis, and non-nicotine E-cigarette devices. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 255:111061. [PMID: 38134543 PMCID: PMC10949227 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sociodemographic differences in e-cigarette use have been documented; however, disparities in use of specific e-cigarette types with various ingredients have yet to be thoroughly investigated. This study examines ever- and past-30-day-use of nicotine, cannabis, and non-nicotine e-cigarette device types by sex, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and financial comfort. METHODS Data were drawn from a 2021 national cross-sectional survey of adolescents, young adults, and adults (N = 6131, ages 13-40 years old). Participants reported ever and past-30-day-use of (1) disposable nicotine e-cigarettes, (2) pod/cartridge-based nicotine e-cigarettes, (3) "other" nicotine e-cigarettes, (4) non-nicotine e-cigarettes, (5) e-cigarettes with THC, and (6) e-cigarettes with CBD. We constructed summary tables for each e-cigarette device type in which percentages of ever and past-30-day-use were calculated by birth year category and sociodemographic variables: (a) sex, (b) sexual orientation, (c) race/ethnicity, and (d) financial comfort. RESULTS Females born between 1996 and 2008 reported higher rates of past-30-day disposable e-cigarette use relative to males (females 26.4%; males 22.4%). Compared to their heterosexual counterparts, LGBTQ+ participants reported higher overall rates of past-30-day-use for disposable (LGBTQ+ 27.9%; Heterosexual 23.8%), THC (LGBTQ+ 30.8%; Heterosexual 24.1%), and CBD e-cigarettes (LGBTQ+ 20.0%; Heterosexual 16.9%). Hispanic/Latino participants generally reported higher rates of past-30-day-use across device types relative to those identifying as Black or White non-Hispanic, particularly disposable nicotine e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight sociodemographic disparities in e-cigarette use, though differences varied based on e-cigarette device type and participant birth year category. Tailored preventive efforts may be necessary to mitigate e-cigarette use among populations at highest risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devin Malloy McCauley
- REACH Lab, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, United States
| | - Michael Baiocchi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Shivani Mathur Gaiha
- REACH Lab, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, United States
| | - Bonnie Halpern-Felsher
- REACH Lab, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Struik L, Christianson K, Khan S, Yang Y, Werstuik ST, Dow-Fleisner S, Ben-David S. Factors that influence decision-making among youth who vape and youth who don't vape. Addict Behav Rep 2023; 18:100509. [PMID: 37519860 PMCID: PMC10382621 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaping rates among Canadian youth are significantly higher compared to adults. While it is acknowledged that various personal and socio-environmental factors influence the risk of school-aged youth for vaping uptake, we don't know which known behavior change factors are most influential, for whom, and how. The Unified Theory of Behavior (UTB) brings together theoretically-based behavior change factors that influence health risk decision making. We aimed to use this framework to study the factors that influence decision making around vaping among school-aged youth. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 youth aged 12 to 18 who were either vaped or didn't vape. We employed a collaborative and directed content analysis approach and the UTB constructs served as the coding framework for analysis. Gender differences were explored in the analysis. We found that multiple intersecting factors play a significant role in youth decision making to vape. Youth who vaped and those who did not vape reported similar mediating determinants that either reinforced or challenged their decision-making, such as easy access to vaping, constant exposure to vaping, and the temptation of flavors. Youth who didn't vape reported individual determinants that strengthened their intentions to not vape, including more negative behavioral beliefs (e.g., vaping is harmful) and normative beliefs (e.g., family disapproves), and strong self-efficacy (e.g. self-confidence). Youth who did vape, however, reported individual determinants that supported their intentions to vape, such as social identity, coolness, and peer endorsement. The findings revealed cohesion across multiple determinants, suggesting that consideration of multiple determinents when developing prevention messages would be beneficial for reaching youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Struik
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyla Christianson
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shaheer Khan
- Interdisciplinary Studies, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Youjin Yang
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Saige-Taylor Werstuik
- Interdisciplinary Studies, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah Dow-Fleisner
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shelly Ben-David
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alam F, Silveyra P. Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7079. [PMID: 37998310 PMCID: PMC10671806 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20227079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) comprise a variety of products designed to deliver nicotine, flavorings, and other substances. To date, multiple epidemiological and experimental studies have reported a variety of health issues associated with their use, including respiratory toxicity, exacerbation of respiratory conditions, and behavioral and physiological effects. While some of these effects appear to be sex- and/or gender-related, only a portion of the research has been conducted considering these variables. In this review, we sought to summarize the available literature on sex-specific effects and sex and gender differences, including predictors and risk factors, effects on organ systems, and behavioral effects. METHODS We searched and selected articles from 2018-2023 that included sex as a variable or reported sex differences on e-cigarette-associated effects. RESULTS We found 115 relevant studies published since 2018 that reported sex differences in a variety of outcomes. The main differences reported were related to reasons for initiation, including smoking history, types of devices and flavoring, polysubstance use, physiological responses to nicotine and toxicants in e-liquids, exacerbation of lung disease, and behavioral factors such as anxiety, depression, sexuality, and bullying. CONCLUSIONS The available literature supports the notion that both sex and gender influence the susceptibility to the negative effects of e-cigarette use. Future research needs to consider sex and gender variables when addressing e-cigarette toxicity and other health-related consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Alam
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University School of Public Health Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 47405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pederson LL, Koval JJ, Vingilis E. E-cigarette use by Ontario public elementary school and secondary school students: Has the use among sociodemographic groups changed from 2017 to 2019? Prev Med Rep 2023; 34:102257. [PMID: 37273527 PMCID: PMC10236451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This project examined e-cigarette use among Elementary School (ES) (grades 7 and 8) and Secondary School (SS) (grades 9-12) students in Ontario, Canada, for 2017 and 2019 and relationships with sociodemographic variables and traditional cigarette use. The data came from the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey OSDUHS (2017, 2019). Socio-demographics included grade, school performance, sex, race, years in Canada, living arrangements and language spoken at home. E-cigarette use and cigarette smoking were any past year use. For 2017, there are a greater percentage of ES males than females who used e-cigarettes, older students, those living in more than one home and those smoking cigarettes. For SS students a greater percentage for those of older age, higher grades, living in Canada all their lives, using only English language at home, self-identified as white, with lower school performance, those with multiple household living arrangements and who reported smoking traditional cigarettes reported using e-cigarettes. Use was lower among females in 2017 (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.46, 0.86, p = 0.002), but by 2019 use was higher among females, which resulted in a non-significant difference between males and females (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.77, 1.09). Greater use of e-cigarettes was found among students who smoked traditional cigarettes compared to those who did not smoke in both years. Monitoring the trends, patterns and trajectories of use and variables related to use needs to be continued which may help inform the development of further legislative and educational measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda L. Pederson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department of Family Medicine The Western Centre for Family Medicine and Public, Health University of Western University, 1839 Aldersbrook Road, London, Ontario N6G 3S3, Canada
| | - John J. Koval
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics The Western Centre for Family Medicine and Public, Health University of Western Ontario London Ontario, N6G 2M1, Canada
| | - Evelyn Vingilis
- Department of Family Medicine The Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine University of Western Ontario London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Seeherunwong A, Tipayamongkholgul M, Angsukiattitavorn S, Muangsakul W, Singkhon O, Junda S, Sittichai R, Ondee P, Aekplakorn W. Association between socioecological factors and electronic cigarette use among Thai youth: an institution-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069083. [PMID: 37451713 PMCID: PMC10351228 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine cigarette use distribution, pattern of e-cigarette use and to determine socioecological model (SEM) factors associated with e-cigarette use among Thai youth (aged 15-24). DESIGN An institution-based cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS The study conducted in five regions: the north, south, central, northeast and Bangkok area of Thailand from May to October 2021. An internet-based, self-administered questionnaire was developed based on the SEM. We enrolled 13 139 students who understood Thai and voluntarily consented to participate in the study. Hierarchical generalised estimating equations identified the related factors to e-cigarette use consistent with the SEM. RESULTS Of 12 948 respondents (95.5%), 181 were excluded due to a lack of cigarette use status. Of 12 767, the prevalence of cigarette use was 4.3%, e-cigarette use was 3.5% and dual-use was 2.4%. E-cigarettes were a much more favourable choice among female youth than cigarettes. E-cigarette users tended to express more positive beliefs towards e-cigarettes than non-users. Although the use of e-cigarettes is illegal in Thailand, 66% of users obtained e-cigarettes from online markets and 4% from grocery stores. We found that having a girlfriend or boyfriend who uses e-cigarettes increased the odds of e-cigarette use by 3.239 times. Interestingly, higher odds of e-cigarette use were associated with peer use than with sibling use among e-cigarette users. (Adjusted OR 2.786, 95% CI 1.844 to 4.208 and 2.485, 95% CI 1.402 to 4.404, respectively). Exposure to e-cigarette use in school increased the odds of e-cigarette use by four times. CONCLUSION This institution-based cross-sectional study revealed that youth e-cigarette use is a significant problem. To prevent the increasing rate of e-cigarette use, health literacy about e-cigarette use, including media and information literacy, should be launched across all levels of the school environment to enlist youth to stand against the negative impacts of e-cigarette use among all those of school age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Acharaporn Seeherunwong
- Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Mahidol University Faculty of Nursing, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Onnalin Singkhon
- School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Sangdao Junda
- Boromarajonani College of Nursing Khon kaen, Khon kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Pasitta Ondee
- Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wichai Aekplakorn
- Community Medicine, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baiden P, Cavazos-Rehg P, Szlyk HS, Onyeaka HK, Peoples JE, Kasson E, Muoghalu C. Association between Sexual Violence Victimization and Electronic Vaping Product Use among Adolescents: Findings from a Population-based Study. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:637-648. [PMID: 36803403 PMCID: PMC11177576 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2177963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies have investigated the association between sexual violence (SV) victimization and substance use, few studies have examined the association between SV victimization and electronic vaping product (EVP) use among adolescents in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional association between SV victimization and EVP use among adolescents. METHODS Data were pooled from the 2017 and 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 28,135 adolescents (51.2% female) was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The outcome variable investigated was EVP use, and the main explanatory variable was SV victimization. RESULTS Of the 28,135 adolescents, the prevalence of past 30-day EVP use and SV victimization was 22.7% and 10.8%, respectively. Controlling for other factors, adolescents who experienced SV had 1.52 times higher odds of being EVP users when compared to their counterparts who did not experience SV (AOR = 1.52, p < .001, 95% CI = 1.27-1.82). Other factors associated with EVP use included cyberbullying victimization, symptoms of depression, and current use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing SV was associated with EVP use. Future studies that employ longitudinal designs may offer more insight into the mechanisms underlying the association between SV victimization and EVP use. In addition, school-based interventions that focus on sexual violence prevention and reducing substance use among adolescents are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Patricia Cavazos-Rehg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hannah S. Szlyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Henry K. Onyeaka
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Erin Kasson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ruokolainen O, Ollila H, Karjalainen K. Correlates of e-cigarette use before and after comprehensive regulatory changes and e-liquid flavour ban among general population. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022; 41:1174-1183. [PMID: 35106874 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2016, the Finnish Tobacco Act was revised to harmonise e-cigarette regulations with the EU Tobacco Products Directive. Unlike before, the sale of nicotine-containing e-liquids was allowed while additional national regulations included, for example, a ban for other than unflavoured and tobacco-flavoured e-liquids. This study examines the correlates of e-cigarette use before and after the comprehensive regulatory change, and characteristics and correlates of flavoured e-cigarette use after the flavour ban in the general Finnish population. METHODS Repeated cross-sectional population-based drug surveys for 15-69-year-olds in 2014 (n = 3485; 50% response rate) and in 2018 (n = 3229; 46%). Correlates of e-cigarette use were studied with logistic regression models. RESULTS Current e-cigarette use remained infrequent (approximately 2%) and the correlates of e-cigarette use varied only slightly between the study years. In 2018, of past-year e-cigarette users (n = 316), 43% used unflavoured e-liquids, 24% used tobacco and 43% used other flavours, fruits being the most common. In univariate models, demographic variables, smoking and e-cigarette use-related factors were associated with flavoured e-cigarette use. In multivariable models, those who used e-cigarettes to experiment used unflavoured e-cigarettes more likely than other than tobacco flavours (odds ratio 3.00, 95% confidence interval 1.15-7.82). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS In Finland, the regulated entry of nicotine-containing e-liquids to retail sales has not led to increased e-cigarette use in the general population. After the flavour ban, other than tobacco-flavoured e-cigarette use still occurs. The use of flavoured e-cigarettes is associated with reasons for e-cigarette use. Flavoured e-cigarette use and its correlates warrant further monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otto Ruokolainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Ollila
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karoliina Karjalainen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bedi MK, Bedi DK, Ledgerwood DM. Gender Differences in Reasons for Using E-Cigarettes: A Systematic Review. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1355-1362. [PMID: 35439816 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Differential reasons for e-cigarette use for men and women have seldom been examined, and there is no systematic overview of this research literature. The aim for this review is to conduct a systematic review of the literature to identify gender differences in the reasons for e-cigarette use. METHODS Systematic searches covered in three databases found 866 unique articles: Web of Science, Pubmed and PsycInfo. Twenty six studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Reasons for e-cigarette use were sorted into 17 distinct categories. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Fifteen studies identified statistically significant differences in reasons between men and women. Frequently assessed reasons for e-cigarette use across studies included Health/Smoking Cessation, Experimentation/Curiosity, Enjoyment/Pleasure, Use in Specific Locations, Acceptable to Others, and Cost. Of those that identified statistically significant differences in reasons between men and women, the findings varied considerably, and some reasons for e-cigarette use were found to be significant in only one or two studies. Most of the reasons identified were only measured in a small number of studies, complicating our ability to make intervention recommendations based on gender. Additionally, we limited our literature search to peer-reviewed studies. Of the reason categories that did find significant differences between gender, such as reasons related to Health/Smoking Cessation, the outcomes were not consistent across studies. Future studies are needed to identify potentially important differences in the reasons for e-cigarette use among men and women. IMPLICATION This systematic review aims to uncover gender differences in e-cigarette use to understand important differences in motivation for use that may help us better understand strategies for prevention and treatment of tobacco use disorder. This review is the first on this topic and could provide further insight on patterns of e-cigarette use across gender.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mannat K Bedi
- All Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University
| | - Danishi K Bedi
- All Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University
| | - David M Ledgerwood
- All Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baiden P, Szlyk HS, Cavazos-Rehg P, Onyeaka HK, Peoples J, Kasson E. Use of electronic vaping products and mental health among adolescent high school students in the United States: The moderating effect of sex. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 147:24-33. [PMID: 35007808 PMCID: PMC8905685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although studies have investigated the association between conventional tobacco smoking and mental health outcomes among adolescents in the United States, few studies have examined the association between electronic vaping products (EVPs) and mental health among adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between EVPs use, symptoms of depression, and suicidal behaviors among adolescents. Data were pooled from the 2017 and 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 14,285 adolescents (50.3% female) was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The outcome variables investigated were symptoms of depression, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempts, and the main explanatory variable was EVPs use. Of the 14,285 adolescents, 22.2%, 19.2%, and 58.8% were current, former and never users of EVPs, respectively. Controlling for other factors, current users of EVPs were significantly more likely to report having symptoms of depression (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.58-2.09), having suicidal ideation (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.30-1.86), making a suicide plan (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.34-1.97), or attempting suicide (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.41-2.18) when compared to never users of EVPs. Gender moderated the association between EVPs use, symptoms of depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide plan. Racial minority identity, sexual minority identity, sexual violence victimization, victim of school and cyberbullying, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking were all significantly associated with depression and suicidal behaviors. Study findings support the association between EVPs use and adolescent mental health. Future studies that employ longitudinal designs may offer more insight into the mechanisms underlying this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- The University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
| | - Hannah S. Szlyk
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, School of Social Work, 120 Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Patricia Cavazos-Rehg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Henry K. Onyeaka
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, 02115
| | - JaNiene Peoples
- The Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Erin Kasson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Since the spread of tobacco from the Americas hundreds of years ago, tobacco cigarettes and, more recently, alternative tobacco products have become global products of nicotine addiction. Within the evolving alternative tobacco product space, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vaping has surpassed conventional cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults in the United States and beyond. This review describes the experimental and clinical evidence of e-cigarette toxicity and deleterious health effects. Adverse health effects related to e-cigarette aerosols are influenced by several factors, including e-liquid components, physical device factors, chemical changes related to heating, and health of the e-cigarette user (e.g., asthmatic). Federal, state, and local regulations have attempted to govern e-cigarette flavors, manufacturing, distribution, and availability, particularly to underaged youths. However, the evolving e-cigarette landscape continues to impede timely toxicological studies and hinder progress made toward our understanding of the long-term health consequence of e-cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Emma Karey
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Meghan E Rebuli
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yael-Natalie H Escobar
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lung Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kahe M, Zhang Y. Understanding Gender Differences in Reasons for Using e-Cigarettes Is Important for Intervention. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:2008. [PMID: 36126150 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2124877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yijia Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Massey ZB, Brockenberry LO, Murray TE, Harrell PT. Dripping Technology Use Among Young Adult E-Cigarette Users. Tob Use Insights 2021; 14:1179173X211035448. [PMID: 34377042 PMCID: PMC8327010 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x211035448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults are increasingly using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). The standard ENDS device involves an electric coil that heats a wick to vaporize an e-liquid solution. "Dripping" is another method that involves applying e-liquid directly to the coil. Dripping increases risk of harmful toxic compounds in vapor aerosols. Despite evidence of high levels of dripping among adolescents, young adult prevalence is unknown. METHODS Young adults aged 18 to 24 completed an online survey assessing vaping and dripping status, type of devices used, tobacco use, and vaping expectancies. Among ever-vapers, univariate and multivariate logistic regression models assessed whether demographics predicted dripping and use of dripping devices. Multivariate Analysis of Variance compared never- and ever-drippers on expectancies for vaping outcomes. RESULTS Over 2 in 5 young adult ever-vapers (43.7%) reported dripping. A multivariate regression model found that male gender (AOR = 1.83), identifying as White (AOR = 2.37), and use of other tobacco products (hookah; AOR = 1.91; cigars; AOR = 2.26; cigarettes; AOR = 2.51) were associated with dripping. E-cigarette users who reported lifetime dripping were more likely to consider vaping stimulating, socially facilitating, and flavorful. They ascribed lower health risks to vaping and felt it could reduce negative affect, weight gain, nicotine cravings, and boredom (all P < .05). CONCLUSION Dripping was a highly prevalent behavior among this sample of young adults, particularly among White males. These findings point to the importance of gaining a greater understanding of the drivers and consequences of vaping and dripping behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurel O Brockenberry
- Division of Community Health &
Research, Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk,
USA
- Department of Psychiatry &
Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA
| | - Tori E Murray
- Division of Community Health &
Research, Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk,
USA
- Department of Psychiatry &
Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA
| | - Paul T Harrell
- Division of Community Health &
Research, Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk,
USA
- Department of Psychiatry &
Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu SS, Meng G, Yan M, Gravely S, Quah ACK, Ouimet J, O’Connor RJ, Sutanto E, Yoshimi I, Mochizuki Y, Tabuchi T, Fong GT. Reasons for Regularly Using Heated Tobacco Products among Adult Current and Former Smokers in Japan: Finding from 2018 ITC Japan Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8030. [PMID: 33142757 PMCID: PMC7663757 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The market growth of heated tobacco products (HTPs), such as IQOS, Ploom TECH, and glo, has increased dramatically in Japan since 2016. Little is known about the reasons why current and former smokers are using HTPs. The data for this cross-sectional study were from the 2018 (Wave 1) International Tobacco Control (ITC) Japan Survey, a national web-based survey of 4500 people, including 658 current HTP users, of whom 549 were concurrently smoking cigarettes and 109 were former smokers. The most common reasons for regularly using HTPs were: beliefs that HTP are less harmful than cigarettes to themselves (90.6%) or to others (86.7%), enjoyment (76.5%), and social acceptability (74.4%). About half of current smokers (55.1%) reported using HTPs because these products might help them quit smoking. However, a near-equal percentage (52.0%) of current smokers reported using HTPs to replace some of the cigarettes they smoked so that they did not have to give up smoking altogether. If smokers are using HTPs to complement rather than quit their smoking, then the harm reduction potential of HTPs suggested by the toxicity studies will be diminished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve S. Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (G.M.); (M.Y.); (S.G.); (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (G.M.); (M.Y.); (S.G.); (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Mi Yan
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (G.M.); (M.Y.); (S.G.); (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Shannon Gravely
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (G.M.); (M.Y.); (S.G.); (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Anne C. K. Quah
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (G.M.); (M.Y.); (S.G.); (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Janine Ouimet
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (G.M.); (M.Y.); (S.G.); (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.T.F.)
| | - Richard J. O’Connor
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Health Behaviors Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA (E.S.)
| | - Edward Sutanto
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Department of Health Behaviors Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA (E.S.)
| | - Itsuro Yoshimi
- Division of Tobacco Policy Research, National Cancer Center Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Yumiko Mochizuki
- Japan Cancer Society, 13th Floor, Yurakucho Center Bldg. 2-5-1, Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006, Japan;
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chome-1-69 Otemae, Chuo Ward, Osaka 541-8567, Japan;
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (G.M.); (M.Y.); (S.G.); (A.C.K.Q.); (J.O.); (G.T.F.)
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|