1
|
Roumani M, Besseau S, Hehn A, Larbat R. Functional characterization of a small gene family coding for putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferases, involved in phenolamide accumulation, in tomato. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 229:114271. [PMID: 39260586 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Phenolamides are specialized metabolites widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Their structure is composed by the association of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives to mono-/poly-amine through an amination catalyzed by N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases enzymes. Tomato plants accumulate putrescine-derived phenolamides in their vegetative parts. Recently, two first genes coding for putrescine-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (PHT, Solyc11g071470 and Solyc11g071480) were identified in tomato and demonstrated to control the leaf accumulation of caffeoylputrescine in response to leafminer infestation. In this study, two additional genes (Solyc06g074710 and Solyc11g066640) were functionally characterized as new tomato PHT. The substrate specificity and the expression pattern in planta were determined for the four tomato PHT. Taken together the results give a comprehensive view of the control of the putrescine-derived phenolamide accumulation in tomato plant through the biochemical specificity and the spatial expression of this small family of PHT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Roumani
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), F-54000, Nancy, France.
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA 2106, Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales (BBV), Université de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Alain Hehn
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), F-54000, Nancy, France.
| | - Romain Larbat
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR1121 Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), F-54000, Nancy, France; Institut Agro, University of Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000, Angers, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rao X, Barros J. Modeling lignin biosynthesis: a pathway to renewable chemicals. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:546-559. [PMID: 37802691 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant biomass contains lignin that can be converted into high-value-added chemicals, fuels, and materials. The precise genetic manipulation of lignin content and composition in plant cells offers substantial environmental and economic benefits. However, the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing lignin formation challenge the development of crops with specific lignin profiles. Mathematical models and computational simulations have recently been employed to gain fundamental understanding of the metabolism of lignin and related phenolic compounds. This review article discusses the strategies used for modeling plant metabolic networks, focusing on the application of mathematical modeling for flux network analysis in monolignol biosynthesis. Furthermore, we highlight how current challenges might be overcome to optimize the use of metabolic modeling approaches for developing lignin-engineered plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Jaime Barros
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
NMR evaluation of apple cubes and apple juice composition subjected to two cold plasma technologies. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
4
|
Roumani M, Besseau S, Gagneul D, Robin C, Larbat R. Phenolamides in plants: an update on their function, regulation, and origin of their biosynthetic enzymes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2334-2355. [PMID: 33315095 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenolamides represent a family of specialized metabolites, consisting of the association of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives with aliphatic or aromatic amines. Since the discovery of the first phenolamide in the late 1940s, decades of phytochemical analyses have revealed a high structural diversity for this family and a wide distribution in the plant kingdom. The occurrence of structurally diverse phenolamides in almost all plant organs has led to early hypotheses on their involvement in floral initiation and fertility, as well as plant defense against biotic and abiotic stress. In the present work, we critically review the literature ascribing functional hypotheses to phenolamides and recent evidence on the control of their biosynthesis in response to biotic stress. We additionally provide a phylogenetic analysis of the numerous N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases involved in the synthesis of phenolamides and discuss the potential role of other enzyme families in their diversification. The data presented suggest multiple evolutionary events that contributed to the extension of the taxonomic distribution and diversity of phenolamides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Roumani
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA 2106, Biomolécules et biotechnologies végétales (BBV), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - David Gagneul
- UMR 1158, BioEcoAgro, Université de Lille, INRAe, Université de Liège, UPJV, YNCREA, Université d'Artois, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Institut Charles Viollette (ICV), Lille, France
| | - Christophe Robin
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France
| | - Romain Larbat
- UMR 1121, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine- INRAe, Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shih ML, Morgan JA. Metabolic flux analysis of secondary metabolism in plants. Metab Eng Commun 2020; 10:e00123. [PMID: 32099803 PMCID: PMC7031320 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous secondary metabolites from plants are important for their medicinal, nutraceutical or sensory properties. Recently, significant progress has been made in the identification of the genes and enzymes of plant secondary metabolic pathways. Hence, there is interest in using synthetic biology to enhance the production of targeted valuable metabolites in plants. In this article, we examine the contribution that metabolic flux analysis will have on informing the rational selection of metabolic engineering targets as well as analysis of carbon and energy efficiency. Compared to microbes, plants have more complex tissue, cellular and subcellular organization, making precise metabolite concentration measurements more challenging. We review different techniques involved in quantifying flux and provide examples illustrating the application of the techniques. For linear and branched pathways that lead to end products with low turnover, flux quantification is straightforward and doesn’t require isotopic labeling. However, for metabolites synthesized via parallel pathways, there is a requirement for isotopic labeling experiments. If the fed isotopically labeled carbons don’t scramble, one needs to apply transient label balancing methods. In the transient case, it is also necessary to measure metabolite concentrations. While flux analysis is not able to directly identify mechanisms of regulation, it is a powerful tool to examine flux distribution at key metabolic nodes in intermediary metabolism, detect flux to wasteful side pathways, and show how parallel pathways handle flux in wild-type and engineered plants under a variety of physiological conditions. Plant secondary metabolites have high economic value to human health and pleasure. Plant secondary metabolites are synthesized by pathways in subcellular compartments. Metabolic flux analysis can guide the selection of metabolic engineering targets.
Collapse
Key Words
- 13C MFA, Steady state isotopically labeled metabolic flux analysis
- BA, Benzoic acid
- DMAPP, Dimethylallyl diphosphate
- GC, Gas chromatography
- INST-MFA, Isotopically non-steady state metabolic flux analysis
- IP, Isopentenyl phosphate
- IPP, Isopentenyl diphosphate
- LC, Liquid chromatography
- MEP, Methylerythritol 4-phosphate
- MFA, Metabolic flux analysis
- MS, Mass spectrometry
- MVA, Mevalonic acid
- MVAP, Mevalonate 5-phosphate
- MVAPP, Mevalonate 5-diphosphate
- Metabolic channeling
- Metabolic flux analysis
- NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance
- Phe, Phenylalanine
- Plant secondary metabolites
- Stable isotopic labeling
- Subcellular compartmentation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ling Shih
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - John A Morgan
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saldanha AA, Vieira L, Ribeiro RIMDA, Thomé RG, Santos HBD, Silva DB, Carollo CA, Oliveira FMD, Lopes DDO, Siqueira JMD, Soares AC. Chemical composition and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Duguetia furfuracea essential oil: Effect on edema, leukocyte recruitment, tumor necrosis factor alpha production, iNOS expression, and adenosinergic and opioidergic systems. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:325-336. [PMID: 30445104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Duguetia furfuracea (A. St. -Hil.) Saff. (Annonaceae) is commonly known in Brazil as "araticum-seco," and its root is used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory and painful disorders. However, no studies have been performed to evaluate these therapeutic activities. AIM OF THE STUDY Investigate the chemical composition, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects, and elucidate the possible antinociceptive mechanisms of action from the essential oil of D. furfuracea (EODf) underground stem bark. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The paw edema induced by LPS, formalin-induced nociception, LPS-induced thermal hyperalgesia and rota-rod tests in vivo were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in addition to the alteration on motor coordination. Histological analyses and an immunohistochemistry assay for iNOS were performed on mouse footpads of naive, control, 10 mg/kg EODf, and 10 mg/kg indomethacin (Ind) groups. The samples were removed at 1, 3, and 6 h after subplantar injection of LPS. In addition, the involvement of the adenosinergic, opioidergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems were investigated, in order to elucidate possible antinociceptive mechanisms. RESULTS Twenty-four volatile constituents were detected and identified. (E)-asarone (21.9%), bicyclogermacrene (16.7%), 2,4,5-trimethoxystyrene (16.1%), α-gurjunene (15%), cyperene (7.8%), and (E)-caryophyllene (4.6%) were major compounds found in EODf. Oral treatment (p.o.) with EODf (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the paw edema induced by LPS. At 10 mg/kg EODf promoted inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production, recruitment of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in paw tissue. EODf (10 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) also reduced licking time in both phases of the formalin test and it had a significant effect on the LPS-induced thermal hyperalgesia model. The administration of caffeine (Caf) and naloxone (Nal) reversed the antinociceptive activity of EODf, in the first phase of the formalin test and in the LPS-induced thermal hyperalgesia model. Moreover, Nal was also able to abolish the antinociception caused by EODf, in the second phase of formalin test. In the rota-rod test, EODf-treated animals did not show any alteration of motor coordination. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that EODf underground stem bark produces anti-inflammatory and both central and peripheral antinociceptive effects. Furthermore, the antinociceptive activity of EODf underground stem bark is possibly mediated by adenosinergic and opioidergic pathways, and its properties do not induce effects on motor coordination. These results support the use of the folk medicine, D. furfuracea root, to treat inflammation and painful conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Aparecida Saldanha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacognosia/Química de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Letícia Vieira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil
| | | | - Ralph Gruppi Thomé
- Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos (LAPR OTEC), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Hélio Batista Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos (LAPR OTEC), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Débora de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - João Máximo de Siqueira
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia/Química de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cristina Soares
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang P, Guo L, Jaini R, Klempien A, McCoy RM, Morgan JA, Dudareva N, Chapple C. A 13C isotope labeling method for the measurement of lignin metabolic flux in Arabidopsis stems. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:51. [PMID: 29977324 PMCID: PMC6015466 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic fluxes represent the functional phenotypes of biochemical pathways and are essential to reveal the distribution of precursors among metabolic networks. Although analysis of metabolic fluxes, facilitated by stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry detection, has been applied in the studies of plant metabolism, we lack experimental measurements for carbon flux towards lignin, one of the most abundant polymers in nature. RESULTS We developed a feeding strategy of excised Arabidopsis stems with 13C labeled phenylalanine (Phe) for the analysis of lignin biosynthetic flux. We optimized the feeding methods and found the stems continued to grow and lignify. Consistent with lignification profiles along the stems, higher levels of phenylpropanoids and activities of lignin biosynthetic enzymes were detected in the base of the stem. In the feeding experiments, 13C labeled Phe was quickly accumulated and used for the synthesis of phenylpropanoid intermediates and lignin. The intermediates displayed two different patterns of labeling kinetics during the feeding period. Analysis of lignin showed rapid incorporation of label into all three subunits in the polymers. CONCLUSIONS Our feeding results demonstrate the effectiveness of the stem feeding system and suggest a potential application for the investigations of other aspects in plant metabolism. The supply of exogenous Phe leading to a higher lignin deposition rate indicates the availability of Phe is a determining factor for lignification rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Longyun Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Rohit Jaini
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Antje Klempien
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Rachel M. McCoy
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - John A. Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Clint Chapple
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jin L, Cai Q, Huang W, Dastmalchi K, Rigau J, Molinas M, Figueras M, Serra O, Stark RE. Potato native and wound periderms are differently affected by down-regulation of FHT, a suberin feruloyl transferase. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 147:30-48. [PMID: 29288888 PMCID: PMC5801124 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Potato native and wound healing periderms contain an external multilayered phellem tissue (potato skin) consisting of dead cells whose cell walls are impregnated with suberin polymers. The phellem provides physical and chemical barriers to tuber dehydration, heat transfer, and pathogenic infection. Previous RNAi-mediated gene silencing studies in native periderm have demonstrated a role for a feruloyl transferase (FHT) in suberin biosynthesis and revealed how its down-regulation affects both chemical composition and physiology. To complement these prior analyses and to investigate the impact of FHT deficiency in wound periderms, a bottom-up methodology has been used to analyze soluble tissue extracts and solid polymers concurrently. Multivariate statistical analysis of LC-MS and GC-MS data, augmented by solid-state NMR and thioacidolysis, yields two types of new insights: the chemical compounds responsible for contrasting metabolic profiles of native and wound periderms, and the impact of FHT deficiency in each of these plant tissues. In the current report, we confirm a role for FHT in developing wound periderm and highlight its distinctive features as compared to the corresponding native potato periderm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, City University of New York and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA; Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, City University of New York and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA; Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, City University of New York and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Keyvan Dastmalchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, City University of New York and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Joan Rigau
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Consorci CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus de Bellaterra UAB, E-08193, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisa Molinas
- Laboratori Del Suro, Departament de Biologia, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Spain
| | - Mercè Figueras
- Laboratori Del Suro, Departament de Biologia, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Spain
| | - Olga Serra
- Laboratori Del Suro, Departament de Biologia, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Spain
| | - Ruth E Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, City University of New York and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, NY 10031, USA; Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA; Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aversano R, Contaldi F, Adelfi MG, D'Amelia V, Diretto G, De Tommasi N, Vaccaro C, Vassallo A, Carputo D. Comparative metabolite and genome analysis of tuber-bearing potato species. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 137:42-51. [PMID: 28215419 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum is unrivalled among crop plants for its wild relatives, which potentially represent an important source of genetic diversity to improve the nutritional value of potato varieties and understand metabolism regulation. The main aim of this research was to profile human health-related metabolites in a number of clones from 13 Solanum species. Results from HPLC-DAD and LC-ESI-MS analyses highlighted a high interspecific variability in the level of metabolites analysed. Ascorbic acid was confirmed to be the most abundant antioxidant in potato and chlorogenic acid the primary polyphenol. Generally, metabolite-based hierarchical clustering (HCL) and correlation networks did not group clones of identical species in the same cluster. This might be due to various factors, including the outcrossing nature of potato species, gene expression level and metabolic profiling techniques. Access to the genome sequence of S. tuberosum and S. commersonii allowed comparison of the genes involved in ascorbic acid, aromatic amino acid, phenylpropanoid and glycoalkaloid biosynthesis and helped interpret their respective pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Aversano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Felice Contaldi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Adelfi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Vincenzo D'Amelia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, Rome 00123, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo 1, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Carmen Vaccaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo 1, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Vassallo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici 80055, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang W, Serra O, Dastmalchi K, Jin L, Yang L, Stark RE. Comprehensive MS and Solid-State NMR Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Molecular Variations in Native Periderms from Four Solanum tuberosum Potato Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2258-2274. [PMID: 28215068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ranks third in worldwide consumption among food crops. Whereas disposal of potato peels poses significant challenges for the food industry, secondary metabolites in these tissues are also bioactive and essential to crop development. The diverse primary and secondary metabolites reported in whole tubers and wound-healing tissues prompted a comprehensive profiling study of native periderms from four cultivars with distinctive skin morphologies and commercial food uses. Polar and nonpolar soluble metabolites were extracted concurrently, analyzed chromatographically, and characterized with mass spectrometry; the corresponding solid interfacial polymeric residue was examined by solid-state 13C NMR. In total, 112 secondary metabolites were found in the phellem tissues; multivariate analysis identified 10 polar and 30 nonpolar potential biomarkers that distinguish a single cultivar among Norkotah Russet, Atlantic, Chipeta, and Yukon Gold cultivars which have contrasting russeting features. Compositional trends are interpreted in the context of periderm protective function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York , City University of New York Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Olga Serra
- Laboratori del Suro, Departament de Biologia, University of Girona , Campus Montilivi s/n, Girona, E-17071 Spain
| | - Keyvan Dastmalchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York , City University of New York Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Liqing Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York , City University of New York Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Lijia Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York , City University of New York Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Ruth E Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York , City University of New York Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, and CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, New York, New York 10031, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sprenger H, Kurowsky C, Horn R, Erban A, Seddig S, Rudack K, Fischer A, Walther D, Zuther E, Köhl K, Hincha DK, Kopka J. The drought response of potato reference cultivars with contrasting tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2370-2389. [PMID: 27341794 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Systems responses to drought stress of four potato reference cultivars with differential drought tolerance (Solanum tuberosum L.) were investigated by metabolome profiling and RNA sequencing. Systems analysis was based on independent field and greenhouse trials. Robust differential drought responses across all cultivars under both conditions comprised changes of proline, raffinose, galactinol, arabitol, arabinonic acid, chlorogenic acid and 102 transcript levels. The encoded genes contained a high proportion of heat shock proteins and proteins with signalling or regulatory functions, for example, a homolog of abscisic acid receptor PYL4. Constitutive differences of the tolerant compared with the sensitive cultivars included arbutin, octopamine, ribitol and 248 transcripts. The gene products of many of these transcripts were pathogen response related, such as receptor kinases, or regulatory proteins, for example, a homolog of the Arabidopsis FOUR LIPS MYB-regulator of stomatal cell proliferation. Functional enrichment analyses imply heat stress as a major acclimation component of potato leaves to long-term drought stress. Enhanced heat stress during drought can be caused by loss of transpiration cooling. This effect and CO2 limitation are the main consequences of drought-induced or abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure. Constitutive differences in metabolite and transcript levels between tolerant and sensitive cultivars indicate interactions of drought tolerance and pathogen resistance in potato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike Sprenger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christina Kurowsky
- Institut für Biowissenschaften und Pflanzengenetik, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Renate Horn
- Institut für Biowissenschaften und Pflanzengenetik, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sylvia Seddig
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius-Kühn Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, D-18190, Sanitz, Germany
| | - Katharina Rudack
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius-Kühn Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, D-18190, Sanitz, Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karin Köhl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk K Hincha
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Golm, Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dersch LM, Beckers V, Wittmann C. Green pathways: Metabolic network analysis of plant systems. Metab Eng 2016; 34:1-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
13
|
Valiñas MA, Lanteri ML, ten Have A, Andreu AB. Chlorogenic Acid Biosynthesis Appears Linked with Suberin Production in Potato Tuber (Solanum tuberosum). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4902-4913. [PMID: 25921651 DOI: 10.1021/jf505777p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a good source of dietary antioxidants. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeic acid (CA) are the most abundant phenolic acid antioxidants in potato and are formed by the phenylpropanoid pathway. A number of CGA biosynthetic routes that involve hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT) and/or hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) have been proposed, but little is known about their path in potato. CA production requires a caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE), and CA serves as a substrate of lignin precursor ferulic acid via the action of caffeic/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT I). CGA is precursor of caffeoyl-CoA and, via caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), of feruloyl-CoA. Feruloyl-CoA is required for lignin and suberin biosynthesis, crucial for tuber development. Here, metabolite and transcript levels of the mentioned and related enzymes, such as cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), were determined in the flesh and skin of fresh and stored tubers. Metabolite and transcript levels were higher in skin than in flesh, irrespective of storage. CGA and CA production appear to occur via p-coumaroyl-CoA, using HQT and CSE, respectively. HCT is likely involved in CGA remobilization toward suberin. The strong correlation between CGA and CA, the correspondence with C4H, HQT, CCoAOMT2, and CSE, and the negative correlation of HCT and COMT I in potato tubers suggest a major flux toward suberin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matías Ariel Valiñas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María Luciana Lanteri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Arjen ten Have
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Adriana Balbina Andreu
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lovat C, Nassar AM, Kubow S, Li XQ, Donnelly DJ. Metabolic Biosynthesis of Potato (Solanum tuberosuml.) Antioxidants and Implications for Human Health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:2278-303. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.830208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
15
|
Dastmalchi K, Cai Q, Zhou K, Huang W, Serra O, Stark RE. Solving the jigsaw puzzle of wound-healing potato cultivars: metabolite profiling and antioxidant activity of polar extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7963-7975. [PMID: 24998264 PMCID: PMC4126508 DOI: 10.1021/jf501330h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a worldwide food staple, but substantial waste accompanies the cultivation of this crop due to wounding of the outer skin and subsequent unfavorable healing conditions. Motivated by both economic and nutritional considerations, this metabolite profiling study aims to improve understanding of closing layer and wound periderm formation and guide the development of new methods to ensure faster and more complete healing after skin breakage. The polar metabolites of wound-healing tissues from four potato cultivars with differing patterns of tuber skin russeting (Norkotah Russet, Atlantic, Chipeta, and Yukon Gold) were analyzed at three and seven days after wounding, during suberized closing layer formation and nascent wound periderm development, respectively. The polar extracts were assessed using LC-MS and NMR spectroscopic methods, including multivariate analysis and tentative identification of 22 of the 24 biomarkers that discriminate among the cultivars at a given wound-healing time point or between developmental stages. Differences among the metabolites that could be identified from NMR- and MS-derived biomarkers highlight the strengths and limitations of each method, also demonstrating the complementarity of these approaches in terms of assembling a complete molecular picture of the tissue extracts. Both methods revealed that differences among the cultivar metabolite profiles diminish as healing proceeds during the period following wounding. The biomarkers included polyphenolic amines, flavonoid glycosides, phenolic acids and glycoalkaloids. Because wound healing is associated with oxidative stress, the free radical scavenging activities of the extracts from different cultivars were measured at each wounding time point, revealing significantly higher scavenging activity of the Yukon Gold periderm especially after 7 days of wounding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Dastmalchi
- Department
of Chemistry, The City College of New York,
City University of New York Graduate Center and Institute for Macromolecular
Assemblies, New York, New York 10031, United
States
| | - Qing Cai
- Department
of Chemistry, The City College of New York,
City University of New York Graduate Center and Institute for Macromolecular
Assemblies, New York, New York 10031, United
States
| | - Kevin Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, The City College of New York,
City University of New York Graduate Center and Institute for Macromolecular
Assemblies, New York, New York 10031, United
States
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, The City College of New York,
City University of New York Graduate Center and Institute for Macromolecular
Assemblies, New York, New York 10031, United
States
| | - Olga Serra
- Laboratori
del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, Girona E-17071, Spain
| | - Ruth E. Stark
- Department
of Chemistry, The City College of New York,
City University of New York Graduate Center and Institute for Macromolecular
Assemblies, New York, New York 10031, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li J, Zhu L, Lu G, Zhan XB, Lin CC, Zheng ZY. Curdlan β-1,3-glucooligosaccharides induce the defense responses against Phytophthora infestans infection of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. McCain G1) leaf cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97197. [PMID: 24816730 PMCID: PMC4016274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system before the invasion of pathogens is a promising way to improve the resistance of plant against infection while reducing the use of agricultural chemicals. Although several elicitors were used to induce the resistance of potato plant to microbial pathogen infection, the role of curdlan oligosaccharide (CurdO) has not been established. In the current study, the defense responses were investigated at biochemical and proteomic levels to elucidate the elicitation effect of CurdOs in foliar tissues of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. McCain G1). The results indicate that the CurdOs exhibit activation effect on the early- and late-defense responses in potato leaves. In addition, glucopentaose was proved to be the shortest active curdlan molecule based on the accumulation of H₂O₂ and salicylic acid and the activities of phenylalanine amino-lyase, β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase. The 2D-PAGE analysis reveals that CurdOs activate the integrated response reactions in potato cells, as a number of proteins with various functions are up-regulated including disease/defense, metabolism, transcription, and cell structure. The pathogenesis assay shows that the ratio of lesion area of potato leaf decreased from 15.82%±5.44% to 7.79%±3.03% when the plants were treated with CurdOs 1 day before the infection of Phytophthora infestans. Furthermore, the results on potato yield and induction reactions indicate that the defense responses induced by CurdOs lasted for short period of time but disappeared gradually.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Jiangsu Rayguang Biotech Company, Ltd., Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangxing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Bei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Rayguang Biotech Company, Ltd., Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi-Chung Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Serra O, Chatterjee S, Figueras M, Molinas M, Stark RE. Deconstructing a plant macromolecular assembly: chemical architecture, molecular flexibility, and mechanical performance of natural and engineered potato suberins. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:799-811. [PMID: 24502663 PMCID: PMC3983150 DOI: 10.1021/bm401620d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Periderms present in plant barks are essential protective barriers to water diffusion, mechanical breakdown, and pathogenic invasion. They consist of densely packed layers of dead cells with cell walls that are embedded with suberin. Understanding the interplay of molecular structure, dynamics, and biomechanics in these cell wall-associated insoluble amorphous polymeric assemblies presents substantial investigative challenges. We report solid-state NMR coordinated with FT-IR and tensile strength measurements for periderms from native and wound-healing potatoes and from potatoes with genetically modified suberins. The analyses include the intact suberin aromatic-aliphatic polymer and cell-wall polysaccharides, previously reported soluble depolymerized transmethylation products, and undegraded residues including suberan. Wound-healing suberized potato cell walls, which are 2 orders of magnitude more permeable to water than native periderms, display a strikingly enhanced hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance, a degradation-resistant aromatic domain, and flexibility suggestive of an altered supramolecular organization in the periderm. Suppression of ferulate ester formation in suberin and associated wax remodels the periderm with more flexible aliphatic chains and abundant aromatic constituents that can resist transesterification, attenuates cooperative hydroxyfatty acid motions, and produces a mechanically compromised and highly water-permeable periderm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Serra
- Laboratori
del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat
de Girona, E-17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Subhasish Chatterjee
- Department
of Chemistry, City College of New York, City University of New York, Graduate Center and Institute for Macromolecular
Assemblies, New York, New York 10031, United
States
| | - Mercè Figueras
- Laboratori
del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat
de Girona, E-17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Marisa Molinas
- Laboratori
del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat
de Girona, E-17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Ruth E. Stark
- Department
of Chemistry, City College of New York, City University of New York, Graduate Center and Institute for Macromolecular
Assemblies, New York, New York 10031, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fernie AR, Morgan JA. Analysis of metabolic flux using dynamic labelling and metabolic modelling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1738-1750. [PMID: 23421750 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic fluxes and the capacity to modulate them are a crucial component of the ability of the plant cell to react to environmental perturbations. Our ability to quantify them and to attain information concerning the regulatory mechanisms that control them is therefore essential to understand and influence metabolic networks. For all but the simplest of flux measurements labelling methods have proven to be the most informative. Both steady-state and dynamic labelling approaches have been adopted in the study of plant metabolism. Here the conceptual basis of these complementary approaches, as well as their historical application in microbial, mammalian and plant sciences, is reviewed, and an update on technical developments in label distribution analyses is provided. This is supported by illustrative cases studies involving the kinetic modelling of secondary metabolism. One issue that is particularly complex in the analysis of plant fluxes is the extensive compartmentation of the plant cell. This problem is discussed from both theoretical and experimental perspectives, and the current approaches used to address it are assessed. Finally, current limitations and future perspectives of kinetic modelling of plant metabolism are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dynamic metabolic flux analysis of plant cell wall synthesis. Metab Eng 2013; 18:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Aliferis KA, Jabaji S. FT-ICR/MS and GC-EI/MS metabolomics networking unravels global potato sprout's responses to Rhizoctonia solani infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42576. [PMID: 22880040 PMCID: PMC3411821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of plant-pathogen interactions makes their dissection a challenging task for metabolomics studies. Here we are reporting on an integrated metabolomics networking approach combining gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance/mass spectrometry (FT-ICR/MS) and bioinformatics analyses for the study of interactions in the potato sprout-Rhizoctonia solani pathosystem and the fluctuations in the global metabolome of sprouts. The developed bioanalytical and bioinformatics protocols provided a snapshot of the sprout's global metabolic network and its perturbations as a result of pathogen invasion. Mevalonic acid and deoxy-xylulose pathways were substantially up-regulated leading to the biosynthesis of sesquiterpene alkaloids such as the phytoalexins phytuberin, rishitin, and solavetivone, and steroidal alkaloids having solasodine and solanidine as their common aglycons. Additionally, the perturbation of the sprout's metabolism was depicted in fluctuations of the content of their amino acids pool and that of carboxylic and fatty acids. Components of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and hypersensitive reaction (HR) such as azelaic and oxalic acids were detected in increased levels in infected sprouts and strategies of the pathogen to overcome plant defense were proposed. Our metabolic approach has not only greatly expanded the multitude of metabolites previously reported in potato in response to pathogen invasion, but also enabled the identification of bioactive plant-derived metabolites providing valuable information that could be exploited in biotechnology, biomarker-assisted plant breeding, and crop protection for the development of new crop protection agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suha Jabaji
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Genome-wide association mapping of leaf metabolic profiles for dissecting complex traits in maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:8872-7. [PMID: 22615396 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1120813109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversity of metabolites found in plants is by far greater than in most other organisms. Metabolic profiling techniques, which measure many of these compounds simultaneously, enabled investigating the regulation of metabolic networks and proved to be useful for predicting important agronomic traits. However, little is known about the genetic basis of metabolites in crops such as maize. Here, a set of 289 diverse maize inbred lines was genotyped with 56,110 SNPs and assayed for 118 biochemical compounds in the leaves of young plants, as well as for agronomic traits of mature plants in field trials. Metabolite concentrations had on average a repeatability of 0.73 and showed a correlation pattern that largely reflected their functional grouping. Genome-wide association mapping with correction for population structure and cryptic relatedness identified for 26 distinct metabolites strong associations with SNPs, explaining up to 32.0% of the observed genetic variance. On nine chromosomes, we detected 15 distinct SNP-metabolite associations, each of which explained more then 15% of the genetic variance. For lignin precursors, including p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid, we found strong associations (P values to ) with a region on chromosome 9 harboring cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in monolignol synthesis and a target for improving the quality of lignocellulosic biomass by genetic engineering approaches. Moreover, lignin precursors correlated significantly with lignin content, plant height, and dry matter yield, suggesting that metabolites represent promising connecting links for narrowing the genotype-phenotype gap of complex agronomic traits.
Collapse
|
23
|
Gaquerel E, Heiling S, Schoettner M, Zurek G, Baldwin IT. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry method for induced changes in Nicotiana attenuata leaves during simulated herbivory. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:9418-27. [PMID: 20701244 DOI: 10.1021/jf1017737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-TOF-MS) procedure was developed to characterize changes induced in Nicotiana attenuata leaves 1 h and 5 days after wounding and application of Manduca sexta elicitors. The constancy of the measurement conditions was first confirmed for 22 selected analytes spanning the entire chromatogram. Using the Profile Analysis software, we extracted 367 buckets, which were analyzed by principal component analysis and two-factorial ANOVA. One hundred seventy-three buckets were found to be statistically regulated, 128 due to time effects, and 85 due to treatment effects. In vivo 15N-isotope labeling was used to facilitate the annotation and the interpretation of the fragmentation pattern of nitrogen-containing metabolites, and a correlation analysis was performed to test mathematical relationships existing among potential in-source fragments. Additionally, tandem MS measurements of the most regulated ions are presented. Altogether, this study defines a framework for the mining and annotation of major herbivory-elicited changes in Nicotiana attenuata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gaquerel
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Serra O, Figueras M, Franke R, Prat S, Molinas M. Unraveling ferulate role in suberin and periderm biology by reverse genetics. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2010; 5:953-8. [PMID: 20657184 PMCID: PMC3115170 DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.8.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are dramatically affected by suberin deposition, becoming an impermeable barrier to water and pathogens. Suberin is a complex layered heteropolymer that comprises both a poly(aliphatic) and a poly(aromatic) lignin-like domain. Current structural models for suberin attribute the crosslinking of aliphatic and aromatic domains within the typical lamellar ultrastructure of the polymer to esterified ferulate. BAHD feruloyl transferases involved in suberin biosynthesis have been recently characterized in Arabidopsis and potato (Solanum tuberosum). In defective mutants, suberin, even lacks most of the esterified ferulate, but maintains the typical lamellar ultrastructure. However, suberized tissues display increased water permeability, in spite of exhibiting a similar lipid load to wild type. Therefore, the role of ferulate in suberin needs to be reconsidered. Moreover, silencing the feruloyl transferase in potato turns the typical smooth skin of cv. Desirée into a rough scabbed skin distinctive of Russet varieties and impairs the normal skin maturation that confers resistance to skinning. Concomitantly to these changes, the skin of silenced potatoes shows an altered profile of soluble phenolics with the emergence of conjugated polyamines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Serra
- Laboratori del Suro; Departament de Biologia; Facultat de Ciències; Universitat de Girona; Girona, Spain
| | - Mercè Figueras
- Laboratori del Suro; Departament de Biologia; Facultat de Ciències; Universitat de Girona; Girona, Spain
| | - Rochus Franke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany; University of Bonn; Bonn, Germany
| | - Salome Prat
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Molinas
- Laboratori del Suro; Departament de Biologia; Facultat de Ciències; Universitat de Girona; Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Serra O, Hohn C, Franke R, Prat S, Molinas M, Figueras M. A feruloyl transferase involved in the biosynthesis of suberin and suberin-associated wax is required for maturation and sealing properties of potato periderm. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 62:277-90. [PMID: 20088895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Suberin and waxes embedded in the suberin polymer are key compounds in the control of transpiration in the tuber periderm of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Suberin is a cell-wall biopolymer with aliphatic and aromatic domains. The aliphatic suberin consists of a fatty acid polyester with esterified ferulic acid, which is thought to play an important role in cross-linking to the aromatic domain. In potato, ferulic acid esters are also the main components of periderm wax. How these ferulate esters contribute to the periderm water barrier remains unknown. Here we report on a potato gene encoding a fatty omega-hydroxyacid/fatty alcohol hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (FHT), and study its molecular and physiological relevance in the tuber periderm by means of a reverse genetic approach. In FHT RNAi periderm, the suberin and its associated wax contained much smaller amounts of ferulate esters, in agreement with the in vitro ability of the FHT enzyme to conjugate ferulic acid with omega-hydroxyacid and fatty alcohols. FHT down-regulation did not affect the typical suberin lamellar ultrastructure but had significant effects on the anatomy, sealing properties and maturation of the periderm. The tuber skin became thicker and russeted, water loss was greatly increased, and maturation was prevented. FHT deficiency also induced accumulation of the hydroxycinnamic acid amides feruloyl and caffeoyl putrescine in the periderm. We discuss these results in relation to the role attributed to ferulates in suberin molecular architecture and periderm impermeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Serra
- Laboratori del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Metabolic flux analysis in eukaryotes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:63-9. [PMID: 20163950 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) represents a powerful tool for systems biology research on eukaryotic cells. This review describes recent advances, the challenges as well as applications of metabolic flux analysis comprising fungi, mammalian cells and plants. While MFA is widely established and applied in microorganisms, it remains still a challenge to adapt these methods to eukaryotic cell systems having a higher complexity particularly concerning compartmentation or media composition. In fungi MFA was used in the past few years to analyze a variety of conditions and factors and their effects on cellular metabolism. In mammalian cells MFA was applied mainly in cell culture technology and in medical and toxicological research. (13)C metabolic studies on native whole plants are additionally challenging by the fact that CO(2) is usually the only carbon source.
Collapse
|
27
|
Saito K, Matsuda F. Metabolomics for functional genomics, systems biology, and biotechnology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 61:463-89. [PMID: 19152489 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.043008.092035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics now plays a significant role in fundamental plant biology and applied biotechnology. Plants collectively produce a huge array of chemicals, far more than are produced by most other organisms; hence, metabolomics is of great importance in plant biology. Although substantial improvements have been made in the field of metabolomics, the uniform annotation of metabolite signals in databases and informatics through international standardization efforts remains a challenge, as does the development of new fields such as fluxome analysis and single cell analysis. The principle of transcript and metabolite cooccurrence, particularly transcriptome coexpression network analysis, is a powerful tool for decoding the function of genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. This strategy can now be used for the identification of genes involved in specific pathways in crops and medicinal plants. Metabolomics has gained importance in biotechnology applications, as exemplified by quantitative loci analysis, prediction of food quality, and evaluation of genetically modified crops. Systems biology driven by metabolome data will aid in deciphering the secrets of plant cell systems and their application to biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Allen DK, Libourel IGL, Shachar-Hill Y. Metabolic flux analysis in plants: coping with complexity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2009; 32:1241-57. [PMID: 19422611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Theory and experience in metabolic engineering both show that metabolism operates at the network level. In plants, this complexity is compounded by a high degree of compartmentation and the synthesis of a very wide array of secondary metabolic products. A further challenge to understanding and predicting plant metabolic function is posed by our ignorance about the structure of metabolic networks even in well-studied systems. Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) provides tools to measure and model the functioning of metabolism, and is making significant contributions to coping with their complexity. This review gives an overview of different MFA approaches, the measurements required to implement them and the information they yield. The application of MFA methods to plant systems is then illustrated by several examples from the recent literature. Next, the challenges that plant metabolism poses for MFA are discussed together with ways that these can be addressed. Lastly, new developments in MFA are described that can be expected to improve the range and reliability of plant MFA in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doug K Allen
- Michigan State University, Plant Biology Department, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Muroi A, Ishihara A, Tanaka C, Ishizuka A, Takabayashi J, Miyoshi H, Nishioka T. Accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acid amides induced by pathogen infection and identification of agmatine coumaroyltransferase in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2009; 230:517-27. [PMID: 19521717 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-0960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) are secondary metabolites involved in the defense of plants against pathogens. Here, we report the first identification of HCAAs, p-coumaroylagmatine, feruloylagmatine, p-coumaroylputrescine and feruloylputrescine, in Arabidopsis thaliana rosette leaves infected with Alternaria brassicicola and the assignment of At5g61160 as the agmatine coumaroyltransferase (AtACT) that catalyzes the last reaction in the biosynthesis of the HCAAs. Feeding experiments with putative labeled precursors revealed that the four HCAAs were synthesized from hydroxycinnamic acids and agmatine or putrescine. AtACT gene function was identified from an analysis of a mutant that did not accumulate HCAAs. In wild-type Arabidopsis, AtACT transcripts markedly increased in response to A. brassicicola infection. Enzymatic activity that catalyzes the synthesis of the HCAAs was confirmed in vitro by using a recombinant AtACT expressed in Escherichia coli. The Atact mutant was susceptible to infection by A. brassicicola, indicating that HCAAs are responsible for defense against pathogens in A. thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Muroi
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Young Kwon D, Kim HJ, Hoo Yoon S. Induction of Phenolics and Terpenoids in Edible Plants Using Plant Stress Responses. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420077070.ch17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
31
|
Andre CM, Schafleitner R, Guignard C, Oufir M, Aliaga CAA, Nomberto G, Hoffmann L, Hausman JF, Evers D, Larondelle Y. Modification of the health-promoting value of potato tubers field grown under drought stress: emphasis on dietary antioxidant and glycoalkaloid contents in five native andean cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:599-609. [PMID: 19105644 DOI: 10.1021/jf8025452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of drought stress on dietary antioxidant and glycoalkaloid contents in potato tubers were investigated using a selection of five native Andean cultivars. Both freshly harvested and 4 month-stored tubers were analyzed. Responses to drought stress were highly cultivar-specific. The antioxidant contents of the yellow tuber-bearing cultivars (Sipancachi and SS-2613) were weakly affected by the drought treatment, whereas the pigmented cultivars demonstrated highly cultivar-dependent variations. A drastic reduction of anthocyanins and other polyphenols was revealed in the red- (Sullu) and purple-fleshed (Guincho Negra) cultivars, whereas an increase was shown in the purple-skinned and yellow-fleshed cultivar (Huata Colorada). The hydrophilic antioxidant capacity (evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu and H-oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays) was highly correlated with the polyphenol content and followed, therefore, the same behavior upon drought. Carotenoid contents, including beta-carotene, as well as vitamin E, tended to increase or remain stable following drought exposure, except for the cultivar Sullu, in which the level of these lipophilic antioxidants was decreased. Vitamin C contents were not affected by drought with the exception of Guincho Negra, in which the level was increased. These variations of health-promoting compounds were associated with increased or stable levels of the toxic glycoalkaloids, alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine. Storage at 10 degrees C for 4 months tended to decrease the concentrations of all dietary antioxidants, except those of vitamin E. This storage also reduced the drought-induced variations observed in freshly harvested tubers. These results were discussed in terms of their implications for human diet and health as well as in plant stress defense mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle M Andre
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Niittylae T, Chaudhuri B, Sauer U, Frommer WB. Comparison of quantitative metabolite imaging tools and carbon-13 techniques for fluxomics. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 553:355-72. [PMID: 19588116 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-563-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of analytic technologies allows fast analysis of metabolism in real time. Fluxomics aims to define the genes involved in regulation of flux through a metabolic or signaling pathway. Flux through a metabolic or signaling pathway is determined by the activity of its individual components; regulation can occur at many levels, including transcriptional, posttranslational, and allosteric levels. Currently two technologies are used to monitor fluxes. The first is pulse labeling of the organism with a tracer such as C13, followed by mass spectrometric analysis of the partitioning of label into different compounds. The second approach is based on the use of flux sensors, proteins that respond with a conformational change to ligand binding. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) detects the conformational change and serves as a proxy for ligand concentration. Both methods provide high time resolution. In contrast to mass spectrometry assays, FRET nanosensors monitor only a single compound, but the advantage of FRET nanosensors is that they yield data with cellular and subcellular resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Totte Niittylae
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim HJ, Fonseca JM, Choi JH, Kubota C, Kwon DY. Salt in irrigation water affects the nutritional and visual properties of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:3772-6. [PMID: 18439016 DOI: 10.1021/jf0733719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of salinity stress on the growth, appearance, and nutritional compounds, especially phenolic compounds and carotenoids, of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), a low salt tolerant plant, was studied. The dry weight, height, and color of the lettuce plants were significantly changed by long-term irrigation (15 days) with higher NaCl concentration (i.e., >100 mM). However, no significant differences were observed in the growth and appearance among the control, all short-term treatments (2 days; 50, 100, 500, and 1000 mM), and long-term irrigation with low salt concentration. Moreover, in romaine lettuce treated with long-term irrigation with 5 mM NaCl, the total carotenoid content increased without color change, and the contents of major carotenoids in romaine lettuce, lutein and beta-carotene, increased 37 and 80%, respectively. No differences were observed in lutein and beta-carotene contents in short-term-treated lettuce. The phenolic content of the romaine lettuce declined with short-term salt irrigation, whereas there were no significant differences among treatments exposed to long-term irrigation. This research indicates that long-term irrigation with relatively low salt concentration, rather than short-term irrigation with high salt concentration, can increase carotenoid content in romaine lettuce without causing a tradeoff in yield or visual quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Kim
- Yuma Agricultural Research Center, Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Yuma, Arizona 85364, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Schaarschmidt S, Hause B. Apoplastic invertases: Multi-faced players in the arbuscular mycorrhization. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2008; 3:317-9. [PMID: 19841657 PMCID: PMC2634269 DOI: 10.4161/psb.3.5.5307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The mutualistic interaction of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is characterized by an exchange of nutrients. The plant provides sugars in the form of hexoses to the heterotrophic fungus in return for phosphate as well as nitrogen, water, and micronutrients. Plant sucrose-cleaving enzymes are predicted to play a crucial role in hexose mobilization as these enzymes appear to be absent in the fungal partner. Here, recent findings concerning the function of plant apoplastic invertases in the AM symbiosis are discussed. Plants with modulated enzyme activity in roots and leaves provide additional insight on the complexity of the regulation of the AM interaction by apoplastic invertases as mycorrhization could be reduced or stimulated depending on the level of invertase activity and its tissue-specific expression.
Collapse
|
35
|
Aksamit-Stachurska A, Korobczak-Sosna A, Kulma A, Szopa J. Glycosyltransferase efficiently controls phenylpropanoid pathway. BMC Biotechnol 2008; 8:25. [PMID: 18321380 PMCID: PMC2294120 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-8-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous study, anthocyanin levels in potato plants were increased by manipulating genes connected with the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. However, starch content and tuber yield were dramatically reduced in the transgenic plants, which over-expressed dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR). RESULTS Transgenic plants over-expressing dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) were subsequently transformed with the cDNA coding for the glycosyltransferase (UGT) of Solanum sogarandinum in order to obtain plants with a high anthocyanin content without reducing tuber yield and quality. Based on enzyme studies, the recombinant UGT is a 7-O-glycosyltransferase whose natural substrates include both anthocyanidins and flavonols such as kaempferol and quercetin. In the super-transformed plants, tuber production was much higher than in the original transgenic plants bearing only the transgene coding for DFR, and was almost the same as in the control plants. The anthocyanin level was lower than in the initial plants, but still higher than in the control plants. Unexpectedly, the super-transformed plants also produced large amounts of kaempferol, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid, sinapic acid and proanthocyanins. CONCLUSION In plants over-expressing both the transgene for DFR and the transgene for UGT, the synthesis of phenolic acids was diverted away from the anthocyanin branch. This represents a novel approach to manipulating phenolic acids synthesis in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aksamit-Stachurska
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alina Korobczak-Sosna
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Research into plant metabolism has a long history, and analytical approaches of ever-increasing breadth and sophistication have been brought to bear. We now have access to vast repositories of data concerning enzymology and regulatory features of enzymes, as well as large-scale datasets containing profiling information of transcripts, protein and metabolite levels. Nevertheless, despite this wealth of data, we remain some way off from being able to rationally engineer plant metabolism or even to predict metabolic responses. Within the past 18 months, rapid progress has been made, with several highly informative plant network interrogations being discussed in the literature. In the present review we will appraise the current state of the art regarding plant metabolic network analysis and attempt to outline what the necessary steps are in order to further our understanding of network regulation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Libourel IGL, Shachar-Hill Y. Metabolic flux analysis in plants: from intelligent design to rational engineering. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 59:625-50. [PMID: 18257707 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.58.032806.103822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) is a rapidly developing field concerned with the quantification and understanding of metabolism at the systems level. The application of MFA has produced detailed maps of flow through metabolic networks of a range of plant systems. These maps represent detailed metabolic phenotypes, contribute significantly to our understanding of metabolism in plants, and have led to the discovery of new metabolic routes. The presentation of thorough statistical evaluation with current flux maps has set a new standard for the quality of quantitative flux studies. In microbial systems, powerful methods have been developed for the reconstruction of metabolic networks from genomic and transcriptomic data, pathway analysis, and predictive modeling. This review brings together the recent developments in quantitative MFA and predictive modeling. The application of predictive tools to high quality flux maps in particular promises to be important in the rational metabolic engineering of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor G L Libourel
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim HJ, Fonseca JM, Choi JH, Kubota C. Effect of methyl jasmonate on phenolic compounds and carotenoids of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:10366-72. [PMID: 17990849 DOI: 10.1021/jf071927m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on antioxidative compounds of romaine lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) was investigated. Lettuces were treated with various MeJA solutions (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mM) before harvest. Total phenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity of romaine lettuce significantly increased after MeJA treatments (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mM). The total content of phenolic compounds of the romaine lettuce treated with 0.5 mM MeJA (31.6 microg of gallic acid equivalents/mg of dry weight) was 35% higher than that of the control. The increase in phenolic compound content was attributed to a caffeic acid derivative and an unknown phenolic compound, which also contributed to increased antioxidant capacity. The induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity by the MeJA treatment indicated that phenolic compounds were altered due to the activation of the phenylpropandoid pathway. Total content of carotenoids, including lutein and beta-carotene, of the MeJA-treated lettuce did not change after 8 days of treatment, whereas the content of the control without MeJA decreased after 8 days. This research indicated that preharvest application of MeJA could increase the nutritional value of romaine lettuce under determined conditions discussed in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Yuma 85364, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Matsuda F, Wakasa K, Miyagawa H. Metabolic flux analysis in plants using dynamic labeling technique: application to tryptophan biosynthesis in cultured rice cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2007; 68:2290-301. [PMID: 17512026 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The concept and methodology of using dynamic labeling for the MFA of plant metabolic pathways are described, based on a case study to develop a method for the MFA of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway in cultured rice cells. Dynamic labeling traces the change in the labeling level of a metabolite in a metabolic pathway after the application of a stable isotope-labeled compound. In this study, [1-(13)C] l-serine was fed as a labeling precursor and the labeling level of Trp was determined by using the LC-MS/MS. The value of metabolic flux is determined by fitting a model describing the labeling dynamics of the pathway to the observed labeling data. The biosynthetic flux of Trp in rice suspension cultured cell was determined to be 6.0+/-1.1 nmol (gFWh)(-1). It is also demonstrated that an approximately sixfold increase in the biosynthetic flux of Trp in transgenic rice cells expressing the feedback-insensitive version of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit gene (OASA1D) resulted in a 45-fold increase in the level of Trp. In this article, the basic workflow for the experiment is introduced and the details of the actual experimental procedures are explained. Future perspectives are also discussed by referring recent advances in the dynamic labeling approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Matsuda
- Plant Functions and Their Control, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 3-4-5 Nihonbashi, Chuo, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rios-Estepa R, Lange BM. Experimental and mathematical approaches to modeling plant metabolic networks. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2007; 68:2351-74. [PMID: 17561179 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To support their sessile and autotrophic lifestyle higher plants have evolved elaborate networks of metabolic pathways. Dynamic changes in these metabolic networks are among the developmental forces underlying the functional differentiation of organs, tissues and specialized cell types. They are also important in the various interactions of a plant with its environment. Further complexity is added by the extensive compartmentation of the various interconnected metabolic pathways in plants. Thus, although being used widely for assessing the control of metabolic flux in microbes, mathematical modeling approaches that require steady-state approximations are of limited utility for understanding complex plant metabolic networks. However, considerable progress has been made when manageable metabolic subsystems were studied. In this article, we will explain in general terms and using simple examples the concepts underlying stoichiometric modeling (metabolic flux analysis and metabolic pathway analysis) and kinetic approaches to modeling (including metabolic control analysis as a special case). Selected studies demonstrating the prospects of these approaches, or combinations of them, for understanding the control of flux through particular plant pathways are discussed. We argue that iterative cycles of (dry) mathematical modeling and (wet) laboratory testing will become increasingly important for simulating the distribution of flux in plant metabolic networks and deriving rational experimental designs for metabolic engineering efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rigoberto Rios-Estepa
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Integrated Biotechnology, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Schaarschmidt S, Kopka J, Ludwig-Müller J, Hause B. Regulation of arbuscular mycorrhization by apoplastic invertases: enhanced invertase activity in the leaf apoplast affects the symbiotic interaction. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 51:390-405. [PMID: 17521407 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of constitutive invertase overexpression on the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is shown. The analysis of the enhanced potential for sucrose cleavage was performed with a heterozygous line of Nicotiana tabacum 35S::cwINV expressing a chimeric gene encoding apoplast-located yeast-derived invertase with the CaMV35S promoter. Despite the 35S promoter, roots of the transgenic plants showed no or only minor effects on invertase activity whereas the activity in leaves was increased at different levels. Plants with strongly elevated leaf invertase activity, which exhibited a strong accumulation of hexoses in source leaves, showed pronounced phenotypical effects like stunted growth and chlorosis, and an undersupply of the root with carbon. Moreover, transcripts of PR (pathogenesis related) genes accumulated in the leaves. In these plants, mycorrhization was reduced. Surprisingly, plants with slightly increased leaf invertase activity showed a stimulation of mycorrhization, particularly 3 weeks after inoculation. Compared with wild-type, a higher degree of mycorrhization accompanied by a higher density of all fungal structures and a higher level of Glomus intraradices-specific rRNA was detected. Those transgenic plants showed no accumulation of hexoses in the source leaves, minor phenotypical effects and no increased PR gene transcript accumulation. The roots had even lower levels of phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid and scopolin), amines (such as tyramine, dopamine, octopamine and nicotine) and some amino acids (including 5-amino-valeric acid and 4-amino-butyric acid), as well as an increased abscisic acid content compared with wild-type. Minor metabolic changes were found in the leaves of these plants. The changes in metabolism and defense status of the plant and their putative role in the formation of an AM symbiosis are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schaarschmidt
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie (IPB), Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Heinzle E, Matsuda F, Miyagawa H, Wakasa K, Nishioka T. Estimation of metabolic fluxes, expression levels and metabolite dynamics of a secondary metabolic pathway in potato using label pulse-feeding experiments combined with kinetic network modelling and simulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 50:176-87. [PMID: 17355439 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present a method that allows dynamic flux analysis without a priori kinetic knowledge. This method was developed and validated using the pulse-feeding experimental data obtained in our previous study (Matsuda et al., 2005), in which incorporation of exogenously applied l-phenylalanine-d(5) into seven phenylpropanoid metabolites in potato tubers was determined. After identification of the topology of the metabolic network of these biosynthetic pathways, the system was described by dynamic mass balances in combination with power-law kinetics. After the first simulations, some reactions were removed from the network because they were not contributing significantly to network behaviour. As a next step, the exponents of the power-law kinetics were identified and then kept at fixed values during further analysis. The model was tested for statistical reliability using Monte Carlo simulations. Most fluxes could be identified with high accuracy. The two test cases, control and after elicitation, were clearly distinguished, and with elicitation fluxes to N-p-coumaroyloctopamine (pCO) and N-p-coumaroyltyramine (pCT) increased significantly, whereas those for chlorogenic acid (CGA) and p-coumaroylshikimate decreased significantly. According to the model, increases in the first two fluxes were caused by induction/derepression mechanisms. The decreases in the latter two fluxes were caused by decreased concentrations of their substrates, which in turn were caused by increased activity of the pCO- and pCT-producing enzymes. Flux-control analysis showed that, in most cases, flux control was changed after application of elicitor. Thus the results revealed potential targets for improving actions against tissue wounding and pathogen attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Heinzle
- Biochemical Engineering Institute, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wróbel-Kwiatkowska M, Starzycki M, Zebrowski J, Oszmiański J, Szopa J. Lignin deficiency in transgenic flax resulted in plants with improved mechanical properties. J Biotechnol 2007; 128:919-34. [PMID: 17280732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a very important source of natural fibres used by the textile industry. Flax fibres are called lignocellulosic, because they contain mainly cellulose (about 70%), with hemicellulose, pectin and lignin. Lignin is a three-dimensional polymer with a high molecular weight, and it gives rigidity and mechanical resistance to the fibre and plant. Its presence means the fibres have worse elastic properties than non-lignocellulosic fibres, e.g. cotton fibres, which contain no lignin. The main aim of this study was to produce low-lignin flax plants with fibres with modified elastic properties. An improvement in the mechanical properties was expected. The used strategy for CAD down-regulation was based on gene silencing RNAi technology. Manipulation of the CAD gene caused changes in enzyme activity, lignin content and in the composition of the cell wall in the transgenic plants. The detected reduction in the lignin level in the CAD-deficient plants resulted in improved mechanical properties. Young's modulus was up to 75% higher in the generated transgenic plants (CAD33) relative to the control plants. A significant increase in the lignin precursor contents and a reduction in the pectin and hemicellulose constituents was also detected. A decrease in pectin and hemicellulose, as well as a lower lignin content, might lead to improved extractability of the fibres. However, the resistance of the transgenic lines to Fusarium oxysporum was over two-fold lower than for the non-transformed plants. Since Fusarium species are used as retting organisms and had been isolated from retted flax, the increased sensitivity of the CAD-deficient plant to F. oxysporum infection might lead to improved flax retting.
Collapse
|
44
|
Pingitore F, Tang Y, Kruppa GH, Keasling JD. Analysis of amino acid isotopomers using FT-ICR MS. Anal Chem 2007; 79:2483-90. [PMID: 17305312 DOI: 10.1021/ac061906b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluxes through known metabolic pathways and the presence of novel metabolic reactions are often determined by feeding isotopically labeled substrate to an organism and then determining the isotopomer distribution in amino acids in proteins. However, commonly used techniques to measure the isotopomer distributions require derivatization prior to analysis (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)) or large sample sizes (nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy). Here, we demonstrate the use of Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with direct infusion via electrospray ionization to rapidly measure the amino acid isotopomer distribution in a biomass hydrolysate of the soil bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough. By applying high front-end resolution for the precursor ion selection followed by sustained off-resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation, it was possible to determine exactly and unambiguously the specific locations of the labeled atoms in the amino acids, which usually requires a combination of 2-D 13C NMR spectroscopy and GC/MS. This method should be generally applicable to all biomass samples and will allow more accurate determination of metabolic fluxes with less work and less sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pingitore
- Virtual Institute of Microbial Stress and Survival, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Fluxome analysis aims at the quantitative analysis of in vivo carbon fluxes in metabolic networks, i. e. intracellular activities of enzymes and pathways. It allows investigating the effects of genetic or environmental modifications and thus precisely provides a global perspective on the integrated genetic and metabolic regulation within the intact metabolic network. The experimental and computational approaches developed in this area have revealed fascinating insights into metabolic properties of various biological systems. Most of the comprehensive approaches for metabolic flux studies today involve isotopic tracer studies and GC-MS for measurement of the labeling pattern of metabolites. Initially developed and applied mainly in the field of biomedicine these GC-MS based metabolic flux approaches have been substantially extended and optimized during recent years and today display a key technology in metabolic physiology and biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wittmann
- Biochemical Engineering Institute, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Niehl A, Lacomme C, Erban A, Kopka J, Krämer U, Fisahn J. Systemic Potato virus X infection induces defence gene expression and accumulation of β-phenylethylamine-alkaloids in potato. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2006; 33:593-604. [PMID: 32689267 DOI: 10.1071/fp06049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of defence responses elicited during compatible plant-virus interactions is a current goal in plant pathology. We analysed defence responses during infection of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Desiree with Potato virus X (PVX) at the transcript and metabolite level. A mostly unchanged primary metabolism reflects the compatible nature of this plant-virus interaction. Salicylic acid biosynthesis and expression of several defence genes including PR-1 and glutathione-S-transferase, which are involved in ethylene and reactive oxygen species dependent signalling, were highly up-regulated in upper-uninoculated (systemic) leaves of PVX-infected potato plants compared with mock-inoculated controls. Moreover, the β-phenylethylamine-alkaloids tyramine, octopamine, dopamine and norepinephrine were highly induced upon infection. β-phenylethylamine-alkaloids can contribute to active plant defence responses by forming hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAA), which are thought to increase cell wall stability by extracellular peroxidative polymerisation. Expression of tyramine-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (THT) and apoplastic peroxidase (POD) was highly induced upon PVX infection in systemic leaves, which suggests synthesis and extracellular polymerisation of HCAA. Since cell-wall-bound ion concentrations could contribute to this process, we measured cell-wall-bound and total ion concentrations in PVX-infected and mock-inoculated leaves. The observed metabolic and transcriptional changes might represent a systemic acquired resistance response against subsequent pathogen challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Niehl
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christophe Lacomme
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Fisahn
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ratcliffe RG, Shachar-Hill Y. Measuring multiple fluxes through plant metabolic networks. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 45:490-511. [PMID: 16441345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluxes through metabolic networks are crucial for cell function, and a knowledge of these fluxes is essential for understanding and manipulating metabolic phenotypes. Labeling provides the key to flux measurement, and in network flux analysis the measurement of multiple fluxes allows a flux map to be superimposed on the metabolic network. The principles and practice of two complementary methods, dynamic and steady-state labeling, are described, emphasizing best practice and illustrating their contribution to network flux analysis with examples taken from the plant and microbial literature. The principal analytical methods for the detection of stable isotopes are also described, as well as the procedures for obtaining flux maps from labeling data. A series of boxes summarizing the key concepts of network flux analysis is provided for convenience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R G Ratcliffe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|