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Anum H, Li K, Tabusam J, Saleh SAA, Cheng RF, Tong YX. Regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in red lettuce in plant factory conditions: A review. Food Chem 2024; 458:140111. [PMID: 38968716 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, natural pigments known for their vibrant hues and beneficial properties, undergo intricate genetic control. However, red vegetables grown in plant factories frequently exhibit reduced anthocyanin synthesis compared to those in open fields due to factors like inadequate light, temperature, humidity, and nutrient availability. Comprehending these factors is essential for optimizing plant factory environments to enhance anthocyanin synthesis. This review insights the impact of physiological and genetic factors on the production of anthocyanins in red lettuce grown under controlled conditions. Further, we aim to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in both synthesis and degradation of anthocyanins. Moreover, this review summarizes the identified regulators of anthocyanin synthesis in lettuce, addressing the gap in knowledge on controlling anthocyanin production in plant factories, with potential implications for various crops beyond red lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiqa Anum
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Javaria Tabusam
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integration Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Said Abdelhalim Abdelaty Saleh
- Horticultural Crops Technology Department, Agricultural & Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rui-Feng Cheng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Xin Tong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
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2
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Wang Z, Peng Z, Khan S, Qayyum A, Rehman A, Du X. Unveiling the power of MYB transcription factors: Master regulators of multi-stress responses and development in cotton. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133885. [PMID: 39019359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Plants, being immobile, are subject to environmental stresses more than other creatures, necessitating highly effective stress tolerance systems. Transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in the adaptation mechanism as they can be activated by diverse signals and ultimately control the expression of stress-responsive genes. One of the most prominent plant TFs family is MYB (myeloblastosis), which is involved in secondary metabolites, developmental mechanisms, biological processes, cellular architecture, metabolic pathways, and stress responses. Extensive research has been conducted on the involvement of MYB TFs in crops, while their role in cotton remains largely unexplored. We also utilized genome-wide data to discover potential 440 MYB genes and investigated their plausible roles in abiotic and biotic stress conditions, as well as in different tissues across diverse transcriptome databases. This review primarily summarized the structure and classification of MYB TFs biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and their role in secondary metabolism in different crops, especially in cotton. However, it intends to identify gaps in current knowledge and emphasize the need for further research to enhance our understanding of MYB roles in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Research Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Sana Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
| | - Xiongming Du
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
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3
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Majumder J, Subrahmanyeswari T, Gantait S. Natural biosynthesis, pharmacological applications, and sustainable biotechnological production of ornamental plant-derived anthocyanin: beyond colorants and aesthetics. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:175. [PMID: 38855146 PMCID: PMC11153417 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Flowers have long been admired for their aesthetic qualities and have even found their way to be included in the human diet. Among the many chemical compounds found in flowers, anthocyanins stand out for their versatile applications in the food, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries. The biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins has been thoroughly studied in certain flower species, leading to the detection of key regulatory genes that can be controlled to enhance the production of anthocyanins via biotechnological methods. Nevertheless, the quantity and form of anthocyanins found in natural sources differ, both qualitatively and quantitatively, depending on the ornamental plant species. For this reason, research on in vitro plant cultures has been conducted for years in an attempt to comprehend how these essential substances are produced. Different biotechnological systems, like in vitro plant cell, organ, and tissue cultures, and transgenic approaches, have been employed to produce anthocyanins under controlled conditions. However, multiple factors influence the production of anthocyanins and create challenges during large-scale production. Metabolic engineering techniques have also been utilized for anthocyanin production in microorganisms and recombinant plants. Although these techniques are primarily tested at lab- and pilot-scale, limited studies have focused on scaling up the production. This review analyses the chemistry and biosynthesis of anthocyanin along with the factors that influence the biosynthetic pathway. Further emphasis has been given on strategies for conventional and non-conventional anthocyanin production along with their quantification, addressing the prevailing challenges, and exploring ways to ameliorate the production using the in vitro plant cell and tissue culture systems and metabolic engineering to open up new possibilities for the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoti Majumder
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252 India
| | - Tsama Subrahmanyeswari
- Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252 India
| | - Saikat Gantait
- Crop Research Unit (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741252 India
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4
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Fattorini R, Khojayori FN, Mellers G, Moyroud E, Herrero E, Kellenberger RT, Walker R, Wang Q, Hill L, Glover BJ. Complex petal spot formation in the Beetle Daisy (Gorteria diffusa) relies on spot-specific accumulation of malonylated anthocyanin regulated by paralogous GdMYBSG6 transcription factors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:240-257. [PMID: 38725421 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Gorteria diffusa has elaborate petal spots that attract pollinators through sexual deception, but how G. diffusa controls spot development is largely unknown. Here, we investigate how pigmentation is regulated during spot formation. We determined the anthocyanin composition of G. diffusa petals and combined gene expression analysis with protein interaction assays to characterise R2R3-MYBs that likely regulate pigment production in G. diffusa petal spots. We found that cyanidin 3-glucoside pigments G. diffusa ray floret petals. Unlike other petal regions, spots contain a high proportion of malonylated anthocyanin. We identified three subgroup 6 R2R3-MYB transcription factors (GdMYBSG6-1,2,3) that likely activate the production of spot pigmentation. These genes are upregulated in developing spots and induce ectopic anthocyanin production upon heterologous expression in tobacco. Interaction assays suggest that these transcription factors regulate genes encoding three anthocyanin synthesis enzymes. We demonstrate that the elaboration of complex spots in G. diffusa begins with the accumulation of malonylated pigments at the base of ray floret petals, positively regulated by three paralogous R2R3-MYB transcription factors. Our results indicate that the functional diversification of these GdMYBSG6s involved changes in the spatial control of their transcription, and modification of the duration of GdMYBSG6 gene expression contributes towards floral variation within the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín Fattorini
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Farahnoz N Khojayori
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Gregory Mellers
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Edwige Moyroud
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, Bateman St., Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Eva Herrero
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Roman T Kellenberger
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Rachel Walker
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Lionel Hill
- Biomolecular Analysis Facility, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Beverley J Glover
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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Deng K, Li Z, Huang T, Huang J. Noncoding RNAs in regulation of plant secondary metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108718. [PMID: 38733939 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are a large class of structurally diverse molecules, mainly consisting of terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds, which play active roles in plant development and stress responses. The biosynthetic processes of PSMs are governed by a sophisticated regulatory network at multiple levels. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) may serve as post-transcriptional regulators for plant secondary metabolism through acting on genes encoding either transcription factors or participating enzymes in relevant metabolic pathways. High-throughput sequencing technologies have facilitated the large-scale identifications of ncRNAs potentially involved in plant secondary metabolism in model plant species as well as certain species with enriched production of specific types of PSMs. Moreover, a series of miRNA-target modules have been functionally characterized to be responsible for regulating PSM biosynthesis and accumulation in plants under abiotic or biotic stresses. In this review, we will provide an overview of current findings on the ncRNA-mediated regulation of plant secondary metabolism with special attention to its participation in plant stress responses, and discuss possible issues to be addressed in future fundamental research and breeding practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianzi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Cao YW, Song M, Bi MM, Yang PP, He GR, Wang J, Yang Y, Xu LF, Ming J. Lily (Lilium spp.) LhERF4 negatively affects anthocyanin biosynthesis by suppressing LhMYBSPLATTER transcription. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 342:112026. [PMID: 38342186 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are among the main pigments involved in the colouration of Asiatic hybrid lily (Lilium spp.). Ethylene, a plant ripening hormone, plays an important role in promoting plant maturation and anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, whether and how ethylene regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in lily tepals have not been characterized. Using yeast one-hybrid screening, we previously identified an APETALA2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) named LhERF4 as a potential inhibitor of LhMYBSPLATTER-mediated negative regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in lily. Here, transcript and protein analysis of LhERF4, a transcriptional repressor, revealed that LhERF4 directly binds to the promoter of LhMYBSPLATTER. In addition, overexpression of LhERF4 in lily tepals negatively regulates the expression of key structural genes and the total anthocyanin content by suppressing the LhMYBSPLATTER gene. Moreover, the LhERF4 gene inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis in response to ethylene, affecting anthocyanin accumulation and pigmentation in lily tepals. Collectively, our findings will advance and elucidate a novel regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis in lily, and this research provides new insight into colouration regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nanling Plant Resource Protection and Utilization, GanNan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Meng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meng-Meng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pan-Pan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guo-Ren He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Lei-Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jun Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Wang H, Kong Y, Dou X, Yang Y, Chi X, Lang L, Zhang Q, Pan H, Bai J. Integrative Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Mechanism of Petal Blotch Formation in Rosa persica. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4030. [PMID: 38612838 PMCID: PMC11012444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Petal blotch is a specific flower color pattern commonly found in angiosperm families. In particular, Rosa persica is characterized by dark red blotches at the base of yellow petals. Modern rose cultivars with blotches inherited the blotch trait from R. persica. Therefore, understanding the mechanism for blotch formation is crucial for breeding rose cultivars with various color patterns. In this study, the metabolites and genes responsible for the blotch formation in R. persica were identified for the first time through metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses using LC-MS/MS and RNA-seq. A total of 157 flavonoids were identified, with 7 anthocyanins as the major flavonoids, namely, cyanidin 3-O-(6″-O-malonyl) glucoside 5-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, cyanidin O-rutinoside-O-malonylglucoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin 3,5-O-diglucoside, and peonidin O-rutinoside-O-malonylglucoside, contributing to pigmentation and color darkening in the blotch parts of R. persica, whereas carotenoids predominantly influenced the color formation of non-blotch parts. Zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin mainly contributed to the yellow color formation of petals at the semi-open and full bloom stages. The expression levels of two 4-coumarate: CoA ligase genes (Rbe014123 and Rbe028518), the dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene (Rbe013916), the anthocyanidin synthase gene (Rbe016466), and UDP-flavonoid glucosyltransferase gene (Rbe026328) indicated that they might be the key structural genes affecting the formation and color of petal blotch. Correlation analysis combined with weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) further characterized 10 transcription factors (TFs). These TFs might participate in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in the blotch parts of petals by modulating one or more structural genes. Our results elucidate the compounds and molecular mechanisms underlying petal blotch formation in R. persica and provide valuable candidate genes for the future genetic improvement of rose cultivars with novel flower color patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.)
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.K.); (X.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Ying Kong
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.K.); (X.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiaoying Dou
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.K.); (X.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiufeng Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Lixin Lang
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.K.); (X.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Huitang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jinrong Bai
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100875, China; (Y.K.); (X.D.); (L.L.)
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Wang X, Zhou Y, You C, Yang J, Chen Z, Tang D, Ni J, Li P, Wang L, Zhu K, Deng W, Wu H, Bao R, Liu Z, Meng P, Yang S, Rong T, Liu J. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qSRC3 controlling the silk color in maize (Zea mays L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:90. [PMID: 38555318 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Fine mapping of the maize QTL qSRC3, responsible for red silk, uncovered the candidate gene ZmMYB20, which encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, has light-sensitive expression, and putatively regulates genes expression associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Colorless silk is a key characteristic contributing to the visual quality of fresh corn intended for market distribution. Nonetheless, the identification of Mendelian trait loci and associated genes that control silk color has been scarce. In this study, a F2 population arising from the hybridization of the single-segment substitution line qSRC3MT1 with red silk, carrying an introgressed allele from teosinte (Zea mays ssp. mexicana), and the recurrent maize inbred line Mo17, characterized by light green silk, was utilized for fine mapping. We found that the red silk trait is controlled by a semi-dominant genetic locus known as qSRC3, and its expression is susceptible to light-mediated inhibition. Moreover, qSRC3 explained 68.78% of the phenotypic variance and was delimited to a 133.2 kb region, which includes three genes. Subsequent expression analyses revealed that ZmMYB20 (Zm00001d039700), which encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, was the key candidate gene within qSRC3. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays provided evidence that ZmMYB20 suppresses the expression of two crucial anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, namely ZmF3H and ZmUFGT, by directly binding to their respective promoter regions. Our findings underscore the significance of light-inhibited ZmMYB20 in orchestrating the spatial and temporal regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. These results advance the production of colorless silk in fresh corn, responding to the misconception that fresh corn with withered colored silk is not fresh and providing valuable genetic resources for the improvement of sweet and waxy maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chong You
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jinchang Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhengjie Chen
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dengguo Tang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jixing Ni
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Peng Li
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Le Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kaili Zhu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wujiao Deng
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Haimei Wu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ruifan Bao
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pengxu Meng
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sijia Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tingzhao Rong
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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9
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Lin RC, Rausher MD. Absence of long-term balancing selection on variation in EuMYB3, an R2R3-MYB gene responsible for the anther-color polymorphism in Erythronium umbilicatum. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5364. [PMID: 38438787 PMCID: PMC10912454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Balancing selection has been shown to be common in plants for several different types of traits, such as self-incompatibility and heterostyly. Generally, for these traits balancing selection is generated by interactions among individuals or between individuals and other species (e.g., pathogens or pollinators). However, there are phenotypic polymorphisms in plants that do not obviously involve types of interactions that generate balancing selection. Little is known about the extent to which balancing selection also acts to preserve these polymorphisms. Here we ask whether balancing selection preserves an anther-color polymorphism in Erythronium umbilicatum (Liliaceae). We identified a major gene underlying this polymorphism. We then attempted to detect signatures of balancing selection on that gene by developing a new coalescence test for balancing selection. We found that variation in anther color is in large part caused by variation in a paralog of EuMYB3, an anthocyanin-regulating R2R3-MYB transcription factor. However, we found little evidence for balancing selection having acted historically on EuMYB3. Our results thus suggest that plant polymorphisms, especially those not involved in interactions that are likely to generate negative frequency-dependent selection, may reflect a transient state in which one morph will eventually be fixed by either genetic drift or directional selection. Our results also suggest that regulation of the anthocyanin pathway is more evolutionarily labile than is generally believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Chien Lin
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Mark D Rausher
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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10
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Shoaib N, Pan K, Mughal N, Raza A, Liu L, Zhang J, Wu X, Sun X, Zhang L, Pan Z. Potential of UV-B radiation in drought stress resilience: A multidimensional approach to plant adaptation and future implications. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:387-407. [PMID: 38058262 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The escalating impact of climate change and ultraviolet (UV) radiation is subjecting plants to unique combinations of UV-B and drought stress. These combined stressors could have additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects, but the precise nature of these impacts remains uncertain, hampering our ability to predict plant adaptations approach towards stressors. Our analysis of various studies shows that UV-B or drought conditions detrimentally influence plant growth and health metrics by the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species causing damage to lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and DNA. Further reducing biomass accumulation, plant height, photosynthetic efficiency, leaf area, and water transpiration, while enhancing stress-related symptoms. In response to UV-B radiation and drought stress, plants exhibit a notable up-regulation of specific acclimation-associated metabolites, including proline, flavonoids, anthocyanins, unsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants. These metabolites play a pivotal role in conferring protection against environmental stresses. Their biosynthesis and functional roles are potentially modulated by signalling molecules such as hydrogen peroxide, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene, all of which have associated genetic markers that further elucidate their involvement in stress response pathways. In comparison to single stress, the combination of UV-B and drought induces the plant defence responses and growth retardation which are less-than-additive. This sub-additive response, consistent across different study environments, suggests the possibility of a cross-resistance mechanism. Our outlines imply that the adverse effects of increased drought and UV-B could potentially be mitigated by cross-talk between UV-B and drought regimes utilizing a multidimensional approach. This crucial insight could contribute significantly to refining our understanding of stress tolerance in the face of ongoing global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Shoaib
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiwen Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Nishbah Mughal
- Engineering Research Centre for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ali Raza
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liling Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifen Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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11
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Jiang W, Jiang Q, Shui Z, An P, Shi S, Liu T, Zhang H, Huang S, Jing B, Xiao E, Quan L, Liu J, Wang Z. HaMYBA-HabHLH1 regulatory complex and HaMYBF fine-tune red flower coloration in the corolla of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111901. [PMID: 37865209 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Sunflowers are well-known ornamental plants, while sunflowers with red corolla are rare and the mechanisms underlying red coloration remain unclear. Here, a comprehensive analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics on flavonoid pathway was performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential color formation between red sunflower Pc103 and two yellow sunflowers (Yr17 and Y35). Targeted metabolomic analysis revealed higher anthocyanin levels but lower flavonol content in Pc103 compared to the yellow cultivars. RNA-sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified multiple genes involved in the flavonoid pathway, including series of structural genes and three MYB and bHLH genes. Specifically, HaMYBA and HabHLH1 were up-regulated in Pc103, whereas HaMYBF exhibited reduced expression. HaMYBA was found to interact with HabHLH1 in vivo and in vitro, while HaMYBF does not. Transient expression analysis further revealed that HabHLH1 and HaMYBA cooperatively regulate increased expression of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), leading to anthocyanin accumulation. On the other hand, ectopic expression of HaMYBF independently modulates flavonol synthase (FLS) expression, but hindered anthocyanin production. Collectively, our findings suggest that the up-regulation of HaMYBA and HabHLH1, as well as the down-regulation of HaMYBF, contribute to the red coloration in Pc103. It offers a theoretical basis for improving sunflower color through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qinqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhijie Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peipei An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shandang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tianxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hanbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Enshi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Li Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jixia Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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12
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Li J, Wu K, Li L, Ma G, Fang L, Zeng S. Identification of HpMYB1 inducing anthocyanin accumulation in Hippeastrum Hybridum tepals by RNA-seq. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:594. [PMID: 38012575 PMCID: PMC10683291 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cultivated Hippeastrum × hybridum is a popular ornamental plant with large and colorful flowers, long flowering duration, and high commercial value. As its main ornamental feature, its flower color is related to the anthocyanin content in the tepals. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in H. × hybridum have not yet been elucidated. RESULTS In the present study, 12 cDNA libraries of four stages of H.× hybridum 'Royal Velvet' tepal development were used for RNA-seq, obtaining 79.83 gigabases (GB) of clean data. The data were assembled into 148,453 unigenes, and 11,262 differentially expressed genes were identified. Forty key enzymes participating in anthocyanin biosynthesis were investigated, and the results showed that most of the anthocyanin structural genes were expressed at low levels in S1 and were markedly upregulated in S2 and S3. The expression profiles of 12 selected genes were verified by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TF), HpMYB1, involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis was identified by sequence, expression pattern, and subcellular localization analyses. Its overexpression in tobacco significantly increased the anthocyanin levels in various tissues and activated anthocyanin-related genes. CONCLUSIONS Using RNA-seq technology, we successfully identified a potential R2R3-MYB gene, HpMYB1, that regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in H.× hybridum 'Royal Velvet'. Our findings provide basic transcript information and valuable transcriptome data for further identification of key genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and can be applied in the artificial breeding of new H. × hybridum cultivars with enhanced ornamental value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlin Wu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Songjun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, China.
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Zhang X, Xu S, Pan X, Wu Z, Ding L, Teng N. Low LdMYB12 expression contributes to petal spot deficiency in Lilium davidii var. unicolor. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1545-1557. [PMID: 37910265 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Petal spots are widespread in plants, they are important for attracting pollinators and as economic traits in crop breeding. However, the genetic and developmental control of petal spots has seldom been investigated. To further clarify the development of petal spots formation, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis of Lilium davidii var. unicolor and Lilium davidii petals at the full-bloom stage. In comparison with the parental species L. davidii, petals of the lily variety L. davidii var. unicolor do not have the distinct anthocyanin spots. We show that among 7846 differentially expressed genes detected, LdMYB12 was identified as a candidate gene contributing to spot formation in lily petals. The expression level of LdMYB12 in the petals of L. davidii was higher than that in L. davidii var. unicolor petals. Moreover, overexpression of LdMYB12 led to the appearance of spots on the petals of L. davidii var. unicolor, accompanied by increased expression of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes. Taken together, these results indicate that abnormal expression of LdMYB12 contributes to petal spot deficiency in L. davidii var. unicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University-Nanjing Oriole Island Modern Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Jiangsu Graduate Workstation/Nanjing Agricultural University Baguazhou Modern Horticultural Industry Science and Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing, 210043, China
| | - Sujuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University-Nanjing Oriole Island Modern Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Jiangsu Graduate Workstation/Nanjing Agricultural University Baguazhou Modern Horticultural Industry Science and Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing, 210043, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University-Nanjing Oriole Island Modern Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Jiangsu Graduate Workstation/Nanjing Agricultural University Baguazhou Modern Horticultural Industry Science and Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing, 210043, China
| | - Ze Wu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University-Nanjing Oriole Island Modern Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Jiangsu Graduate Workstation/Nanjing Agricultural University Baguazhou Modern Horticultural Industry Science and Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing, 210043, China
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University-Nanjing Oriole Island Modern Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Jiangsu Graduate Workstation/Nanjing Agricultural University Baguazhou Modern Horticultural Industry Science and Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing, 210043, China
| | - Nianjun Teng
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Nanjing Agricultural University-Nanjing Oriole Island Modern Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. Jiangsu Graduate Workstation/Nanjing Agricultural University Baguazhou Modern Horticultural Industry Science and Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing, 210043, China.
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14
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Bi M, Liang R, Wang J, Qu Y, Liu X, Cao Y, He G, Yang Y, Yang P, Xu L, Ming J. Multifaceted roles of LhWRKY44 in promoting anthocyanin accumulation in Asiatic hybrid lilies ( Lilium spp.). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad167. [PMID: 37779886 PMCID: PMC10535013 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The Asiatic hybrid lily (Lilium spp.) is a horticultural crop with high commercial value and diverse anthocyanin pigmentation patterns. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying lily flower color has been largely unexplored. Here, we identified a WRKY transcription factor from lily tepals, LhWRKY44, whose expression was closely associated with anthocyanin accumulation. Functional verification indicated that LhWRKY44 positively regulated anthocyanin accumulation. LhWRKY44 physically interacted with LhMYBSPLATTER and directly bound to the LhMYBSPLATTER promoter, which enhanced the effect of the LhMYBSPLATTER-LhbHLH2 MBW complex activator on anthocyanin accumulation. Moreover, EMSA and dual-luciferase assays revealed that LhWRKY44 activated and bound to the promoters of gene LhF3H and the intracellular anthocyanin-related glutathione S-transferase gene LhGST. Interestingly, our further results showed that LhWRKY44 participated in light and drought-induced anthocyanin accumulation, and improved the drought tolerance in lily via activating stress-related genes. These results generated a multifaceted regulatory mechanism for the LhWRKY44-meditaed enhancement by the environmental signal pathway of anthocyanin accumulation and expanded our understanding of the WRKY-mediated transcriptional regulatory hierarchy modulating anthocyanin accumulation in Asiatic hybrid lilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030031, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuxiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Landscape architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guoren He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Science, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Leifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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15
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Xiao P, Zhang H, Liao Q, Zhu N, Chen J, Ma L, Zhang M, Shen S. Insight into the Molecular Mechanism of Flower Color Regulation in Rhododendron latoucheae Franch: A Multi-Omics Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2897. [PMID: 37631109 PMCID: PMC10458524 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Rhododendron latoucheae Franch. (R. latoucheae) is a valuable woody plant known for its high ornamental value. While purple flowers are a distinct and attractive variant phenotype of R. latoucheae, the underlying mechanism regulating its flower color is still poorly understood. To investigate the molecular regulatory mechanism responsible for the variation in flower color, we selected plants with white-pink and purple petals as the object and conducted analyses of metabolites, key genes, and transcription factors associated with flower color. A combined metabolome-transcriptome analysis was performed, and the expression of key genes was subsequently verified through qRT-PCR experiments. The results of our study demonstrated a significant enrichment of differential metabolites in the flavonoid metabolic pathway. Changes in anthocyanin content followed the same trend as the observed flower color variations, specifically showing significant correlations with the contents of malvidin-3-O-glucoside, dihydromyricetin, gallocatechin, and peonidin-3-O-glucoside. Furthermore, we identified three key structural genes (F3GT1, LAR, ANR) and four transcription factors (bHLH130, bHLH41, bHLH123, MYB4) that are potentially associated with the biosynthesis of flavonoid compounds, thereby influencing the appearance of purple flower color in R. latoucheae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Provincial Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Reserve and Landscape Resource, Changsha 410004, China
- Institute of Human Settlements and Green Infrastructure, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Provincial Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Reserve and Landscape Resource, Changsha 410004, China
- Institute of Human Settlements and Green Infrastructure, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Qiulin Liao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Provincial Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Reserve and Landscape Resource, Changsha 410004, China
- Institute of Human Settlements and Green Infrastructure, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ninghua Zhu
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jiaao Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Provincial Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Reserve and Landscape Resource, Changsha 410004, China
- Institute of Human Settlements and Green Infrastructure, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lehan Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Provincial Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Reserve and Landscape Resource, Changsha 410004, China
- Institute of Human Settlements and Green Infrastructure, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Minhuan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Provincial Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Reserve and Landscape Resource, Changsha 410004, China
- Institute of Human Settlements and Green Infrastructure, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shouyun Shen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Provincial Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Reserve and Landscape Resource, Changsha 410004, China
- Institute of Human Settlements and Green Infrastructure, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410083, China
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16
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Edrisi Maryan K, Farrokhi N, Samizadeh Lahiji H. Cold-responsive transcription factors in Arabidopsis and rice: A regulatory network analysis using array data and gene co-expression network. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286324. [PMID: 37289769 PMCID: PMC10249815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development can be influenced by cold stress. Responses of plants to cold are regulated in part by transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs, which their determination would be necessary in comprehension of the corresponding molecular cues. Here, transcriptomes of Arabidopsis and rice were analyzed to computationally determine TFs and microRNAs that are differentially responsive to cold treatment, and their co-expression networks were established. Among 181 Arabidopsis and 168 rice differentially expressed TF genes, 37 (26 novel) were up- and 16 (8 novel) were downregulated. Common TF encoding genes were from ERF, MYB, bHLH, NFY, bZIP, GATA, HSF and WRKY families. NFY A4/C2/A10 were the significant hub TFs in both plants. Phytohormone responsive cis-elements such as ABRE, TGA, TCA and LTR were the common cis-elements in TF promoters. Arabidopsis had more responsive TFs compared to rice possibly due to its greater adaptation to ranges geographical latitudes. Rice had more relevant miRNAs probably because of its bigger genome size. The interacting partners and co-expressed genes were different for the common TFs so that of the downstream regulatory networks and the corresponding metabolic pathways. Identified cold-responsive TFs in (A + R) seemed to be more engaged in energy metabolism esp. photosynthesis, and signal transduction, respectively. At post-transcriptional level, miR5075 showed to target many identified TFs in rice. In comparison, the predictions showed that identified TFs are being targeted by diverse groups of miRNAs in Arabidopsis. Novel TFs, miRNAs and co-expressed genes were introduced as cold-responsive markers that can be harnessed in future studies and development of crop tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khazar Edrisi Maryan
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Naser Farrokhi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Hong Y, Lv Y, Zhang J, Ahmad N, Li X, Yao N, Liu X, Li H. The safflower MBW complex regulates HYSA accumulation through degradation by the E3 ligase CtBB1. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1277-1296. [PMID: 36598461 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory mechanism of the MBW (MYB-bHLH-WD40) complex in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) remains unclear. In the present study, we show that the separate overexpression of the genes CtbHLH41, CtMYB63, and CtWD40-6 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased anthocyanin and procyanidin contents in the transgenic plants and partially rescued the trichome reduction phenotype of the corresponding bhlh41, myb63, and wd40-6 single mutants. Overexpression of CtbHLH41, CtMYB63, or CtWD40-6 in safflower significantly increased the content of the natural pigment hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYSA) and negatively regulated safflower petal size. Yeast-two-hybrid, functional, and genetic assays demonstrated that the safflower E3 ligase CtBB1 (BIG BROTHER 1) can ubiquitinate CtbHLH41, marking it for degradation through the 26S proteasome and negatively regulating flavonoid accumulation. CtMYB63/CtWD40-6 enhanced the transcriptional activity of CtbHLH41 on the CtDFR (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase) promoter. We propose that the MBW-CtBB1 regulatory module may play an important role in coordinating HYSA accumulation with other response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Hong
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Yanxi Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghaijiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Na Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiuming Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
- Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570100, China
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Yang K, Hou Y, Wu M, Pan Q, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Sun F, Zhang Z, Wu J. DoMYB5 and DobHLH24, Transcription Factors Involved in Regulating Anthocyanin Accumulation in Dendrobium officinale. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087552. [PMID: 37108715 PMCID: PMC10142772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a kind of orchid plant with both medicinal and ornamental value, Dendrobium officinale has garnered increasing research attention in recent years. The MYB and bHLH transcription factors play important roles in the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin. However, how MYB and bHLH transcription factors work in the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin in D. officinale is still unclear. In this study, we cloned and characterized one MYB and one bHLH transcription factor, namely, D. officinale MYB5 (DoMYB5) and D. officinaleb bHLH24 (DobHLH24), respectively. Their expression levels were positively correlated with the anthocyanin content in the flowers, stems, and leaves of D. officinale varieties with different colors. The transient expression of DoMYB5 and DobHLH24 in D. officinale leaf and their stable expression in tobacco significantly promoted the accumulation of anthocyanin. Both DoMYB5 and DobHLH24 could directly bind to the promoters of D. officinale CHS (DoCHS) and D. officinale DFR (DoDFR) and regulate DoCHS and DoDFR expression. The co-transformation of the two transcription factors significantly enhanced the expression levels of DoCHS and DoDFR. DoMYB5 and DobHLH24 may enhance the regulatory effect by forming heterodimers. Drawing on the results of our experiments, we propose that DobHLH24 may function as a regulatory partner by interacting directly with DoMYB5 to stimulate anthocyanin accumulation in D. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yibin Hou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiuyu Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yilong Xie
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yusen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fenghang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinghua Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Luan Y, Chen Z, Tang Y, Sun J, Meng J, Tao J, Zhao D. Tree peony PsMYB44 negatively regulates petal blotch distribution by inhibiting dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene expression. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:323-334. [PMID: 36534917 PMCID: PMC9992934 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) has been widely cultivated as a field plant, and petal blotch is one of its important traits, which not only promotes proliferation but also confers high ornamental value. However, the regulatory network controlling blotch formation remains elusive owing to the functional differences and limited conservation of transcriptional regulators in dicots. METHODS We performed phylogenetic analysis to identify MYB44-like transcription factors in P. suffruticosa blotched cultivar 'High noon' petals. A candidate MYB44-like transcription factor, PsMYB44, was analysed via expression pattern analysis, subcellular localization, target gene identification, gene silencing in P. suffruticosa petals and heterologous overexpression in tobacco. KEY RESULTS A blotch formation-related MYB44-like transcription factor, PsMYB44, was cloned. The C-terminal of the PsMYB44 amino acid sequence had a complete C2 motif that affects anthocyanin biosynthesis, and PsMYB44 was clustered in the MYB44-like transcriptional repressor branch. PsMYB44 was located in the nucleus, and its spatial and temporal expression patterns were negatively correlated with blotch formation. Furthermore, a yeast one-hybrid assay showed that PsMYB44 could target the promoter of the late anthocyanin biosynthesis-related dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) gene, and a dual-luciferase assay demonstrated that PsMYB44 could repress PsDFR promoter activity. On the one hand, overexpression of PsMYB44 significantly faded the red colour of tobacco flowers and decreased the anthocyanin content by 42.3 % by downregulating the expression level of the tobacco NtDFR gene. On the other hand, PsMYB44-silenced P. suffruticosa petals had a redder blotch colour, which was attributed to the fact that silencing PsMYB44 redirected metabolic flux to the anthocyanin biosynthesis branch, thereby promoting more anthocyanin accumulation in the petal base. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that PsMYB44 negatively regulated the biosynthesis of anthocyanin by directly binding to the PsDFR promoter and subsequently inhibiting blotch formation, which helped to elucidate the molecular regulatory network of anthocyanin-mediated blotch formation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Luan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zijie Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiasong Meng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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20
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Kajla M, Roy A, Singh IK, Singh A. Regulation of the regulators: Transcription factors controlling biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites during biotic stresses and their regulation by miRNAs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1126567. [PMID: 36938003 PMCID: PMC10017880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1126567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biotic stresses threaten to destabilize global food security and cause major losses to crop yield worldwide. In response to pest and pathogen attacks, plants trigger many adaptive cellular, morphological, physiological, and metabolic changes. One of the crucial stress-induced adaptive responses is the synthesis and accumulation of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). PSMs mitigate the adverse effects of stress by maintaining the normal physiological and metabolic functioning of the plants, thereby providing stress tolerance. This differential production of PSMs is tightly orchestrated by master regulatory elements, Transcription factors (TFs) express differentially or undergo transcriptional and translational modifications during stress conditions and influence the production of PSMs. Amongst others, microRNAs, a class of small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, also play a vital role in controlling the expression of many such TFs. The present review summarizes the role of stress-inducible TFs in synthesizing and accumulating secondary metabolites and also highlights how miRNAs fine-tune the differential expression of various stress-responsive transcription factors during biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Kajla
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Roy
- Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Indrakant K. Singh
- Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Jagdish Chandra Bose Center for Plant Genomics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institution of Eminence, Maharishi Karnad Bhawan, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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21
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LhANS-rr1, LhDFR, and LhMYB114 Regulate Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Flower Buds of Lilium ‘Siberia’. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030559. [PMID: 36980831 PMCID: PMC10048704 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The bulb formation of Lilium is affected by many physiological and biochemical phenomena, including flower bud differentiation, starch and sucrose accumulation, photoperiod, carbon fixation, plant hormone transduction, etc. The transcriptome analysis of flower buds of Lilium hybrid ‘Siberia’ at different maturity stages showed that floral bud formation is associated with the accumulation of anthocyanins. The results of HPLC-MS showed that cyanidin is the major anthocyanin found in Lilium ‘Siberia’. Transcriptome KEGG enrichment analysis and qRT-PCR validation showed that two genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis (LhANS-rr1 and LhDFR) were significantly up-regulated. The functional analysis of differential genes revealed that LhMYB114 was directly related to anthocyanin accumulation among 19 MYB transcription factors. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR results suggested that their expression patterns were very similar at different developmental stages of the lily bulbs. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) revealed that down-regulation of LhANS-rr1, LhDFR, and LhMYB114 could directly lead to a decrease in anthocyanin accumulation, turning the purple phenotype into a white color. Moreover, this is the first report to reveal that LhMYB114 can regulate anthocyanin accumulation at the mature stage of lily bulbs. The accumulation of anthocyanins is an important sign of lily maturity. Therefore, these findings have laid a solid theoretical foundation for further discussion on lily bulb development in the future.
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Yang W, Feng L, Luo J, Zhang H, Jiang F, He Y, Li X, Du J, Owusu Adjei M, Luan A, Ma J. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of R2R3-MYB Provide Insight into Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Regulation Mechanism of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3133. [PMID: 36834551 PMCID: PMC9964748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The R2R3-MYB proteins comprise the largest class of MYB transcription factors, which play an essential role in regulating anthocyanin synthesis in various plant species. Ananas comosus var. bracteatus is an important colorful anthocyanins-rich garden plant. The spatio-temporal accumulation of anthocyanins in chimeric leaves, bracts, flowers, and peels makes it an important plant with a long ornamental period and highly improves its commercial value. We conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of the R2R3-MYB gene family based on genome data from A. comosus var. bracteatus. Phylogenetic analysis, gene structure and motif analysis, gene duplication, collinearity, and promoter analysis were used to analyze the characteristics of this gene family. In this work, a total of 99 R2R3-MYB genes were identified and classified into 33 subfamilies according to phylogenetic analysis, and most of them were localized in the nucleus. We found these genes were mapped to 25 chromosomes. Gene structure and protein motifs were conserved among AbR2R3-MYB genes, especially within the same subfamily. Collinearity analysis revealed four pairs of tandem duplicated genes and 32 segmental duplicates in AbR2R3-MYB genes, indicating that segmental duplication contributed to the amplification of the AbR2R3-MYB gene family. A total of 273 ABRE responsiveness, 66 TCA elements, 97 CGTCA motifs, and TGACG motifs were the main cis elements in the promoter region under response to ABA, SA, and MEJA. These results revealed the potential function of AbR2R3-MYB genes in response to hormone stress. Ten R2R3-MYBs were found to have high homology to MYB proteins reported to be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis from other plants. RT-qPCR results revealed the 10 AbR2R3-MYB genes showed tissue-specific expression patterns, six of them expressed the highest in the flower, two genes in the bract, and two genes in the leaf. These results suggested that these genes may be the candidates that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis of A. comosus var. bracteatus in the flower, leaf, and bract, respectively. In addition, the expressions of these 10 AbR2R3-MYB genes were differentially induced by ABA, MEJA, and SA, implying that these genes may play crucial roles in hormone-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our study provided a comprehensive and systematic analysis of AbR2R3-MYB genes and identified the AbR2R3-MYB genes regulating the spatial-temporal anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. comosus var. bracteatus, which would be valuable for further study on the anthocyanin regulation mechanism of A. comosus var. bracteatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Lijun Feng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Jiaheng Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Fuxing Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yehua He
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Mark Owusu Adjei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Aiping Luan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
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23
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Transcriptome Analysis of Key Genes Involved in Color Variation between Blue and White Flowers of Iris bulleyana. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:7407772. [PMID: 36714023 PMCID: PMC9876678 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7407772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Iris bulleyana Dykes (Southwest iris) is an extensively distributed Iridaceae species with blue or white flowers. Hereby, we performed a systematic study, employing metabolomics and transcriptomics to uncover the subtle color differentiation from blue to white in Southwest iris. Fresh flower buds from both cultivars were subjected to flavonoid/anthocyanin and carotenoid-targeted metabolomics along with transcriptomic sequencing. Among 297 flavonoids, 24 anthocyanins were identified, and 13 showed a strong down-accumulation pattern in the white flowers compared to the blue flowers. Significant downregulation of 3GT and 5GT genes involved in the glycosylation of anthocyanins was predicted to hinder the accumulation of anthocyanins, resulting in white coloration. Besides, no significant altered accumulation of carotenoids and expression of their biosynthetic genes was observed between the two cultivars. Our study systematically addressed the color differentiation in I. bulleyana flowers, which can aid future breeding programs.
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24
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Molecular and Metabolic Insights into Anthocyanin Biosynthesis for Spot Formation on Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii Flower Petals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031844. [PMID: 36768164 PMCID: PMC9915866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants exhibit remarkable diversity in their petal colors through biosynthesis and the accumulation of various pigments. Lilium, an important cut and potted flower, has many coloring pattern variations, including bicolors and spots. To elucidate the mechanisms regulating spot formation in Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii petals, we used multiple approaches to investigate the changes in petal carotenoids, spot anthocyanins, and gene expression dynamics. This included green petals without spots (D1-Pe and D1-Sp), yellow-green petals with purple spots (D2-Pe and D2-Sp), light-orange petals with dark-purple spots (D3-Pe and D3-Sp), and orange petals with dark-purple spots (D4-Pe and D4-Sp). D3-Pe and D4-Pe contained large amounts of capsanthin and capsorubin and small amounts of zeaxanthin and violaxanthin, which contributed to the orange color. In addition to cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, and peonidin-3-O-rutinoside may also contribute to L. leichtlinii var. maximowiczii's petal spot colors. KEGs involved in flavonoid biosyntheses, such as CHS, DFR, and MYB12, were significantly upregulated in D2-Sp and D3-Sp, compared with D1-Sp, as well as in spots, compared with petals. Upregulated anthocyanin concentrations and biosynthesis-related genes promoted spot formation and color transition. Our results provide global insight into pigment accumulation and the regulatory mechanisms underlying spot formation during flower development in L. leichtlinii var. maximowiczii.
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Li J, Wu K, Li L, Ma G, Fang L, Zeng S. Transcriptomic analysis reveals biosynthesis genes and transcription factors related to leaf anthocyanin biosynthesis in Aglaonema commutatum. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:28. [PMID: 36650457 PMCID: PMC9847206 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aglaonema commutatum 'Red Valentine', as a foliage ornamental plant, is widely used for interior and exterior decoration because of its easy cultivation and management. However, reduced proportion of red foliage during large-scale production of A. commutatum seedlings is a frequent occurrence, which has considerable implications on the plant's ornamental and market value. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. RESULTS To explore the molecular basis of the variation in leaf color of A. commutatum Red Valentine, we performed transcriptome sequencing with the Illumina platform using two different varieties of A. commutatum, namely Red Valentine and a green mutant, at three different stages of leaf development. We annotated 63,621 unigenes and 14,186 differentially expressed genes by pairwise comparison. Furthermore, we identified 26 anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes. The transcript per million (TPM) values were significantly higher for Red Valentine than for the green mutant in all three developmental stages, consistent with the high anthocyanin content of Red Valentine leaves. We detected positive transcription factors that may be involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis using BLAST and through correlation analysis. Downregulation of these transcription factors may downregulate the expression of anthocyanin genes. We obtained full-length cDNA of the anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulatory genes and constructed phylogenetic trees to ensure accuracy of the analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf variation in A. commutatum Red Valentine and may be used to facilitate the breeding of ornamental cultivars with high anthocyanin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Kunlin Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Lin Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Guohua Ma
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Lin Fang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Songjun Zeng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
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26
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Zhang S, Ren Y, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Zhuo Y, Li H. Drought-induced CsMYB6 interacts with CsbHLH111 to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Chaenomeles speciosa. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13859. [PMID: 36688571 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chaenomeles speciosa is a plant with high ornamental value, and the color of its petals deepens obviously under drought stress. To understand the mechanism of drought-induced reddening of C. speciosa petal color, the metabolites and transcriptomics of petals from 4% PEG-8000-treated and control cuttings were analyzed. In this study, the analysis of metabolites revealed the accumulation of anthocyanins in petals of PEG-treated cuttings, indicating anthocyanins might be the reason for the deepening of petal color. By using transcriptomics, we identified CsMYB6 as an overexpressed transcription factor in PEG-treated samples. Transient overexpression and suppression of CsMYB6 revealed that it is a key transcription factor for anthocyanin synthesis. We identified genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and constructed a network of drought- and anthocyanin-related genes (such as CsMYB6, CsbHLH111, CsANS, CsDFR, and CsUFGT). Further experiments indicated that CsMYB6 directly interacted with CsbHLH111, and this interaction increased the binding ability of CsMYB6 to the promoter regions of three structural genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis: CsANS, CsDFR, and CsUFGT. Our findings provide a molecular basis and new insight into drought-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in C. speciosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Zhang
- Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Plant, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanshen Ren
- Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Plant, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qianyi Zhao
- Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Plant, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Plant, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Plant, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Houhua Li
- Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Plant, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Kavas M, Abdulla MF, Mostafa K, Seçgin Z, Yerlikaya BA, Otur Ç, Gökdemir G, Kurt Kızıldoğan A, Al-Khayri JM, Jain SM. Investigation and Expression Analysis of R2R3-MYBs and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis-Related Genes during Seed Color Development of Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3386. [PMID: 36501424 PMCID: PMC9736660 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are responsible for the coloration of common bean seeds, and their accumulation is positively correlated with the expression level of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. The MBW (MYB-bHLH-WD40) complex is thought to regulate the expression of these genes, and MYB proteins, which are a key factor in activating anthocyanin pathway genes, have been identified in several plants. This study demonstrated gene structures, chromosomal placements, gene duplications of R2R3-MYBs, miRNAs associated with R2R3-MYBs, and the interaction of these genes with other flavonoid regulatory genes. qRT-PCR was used to investigate the role of specific R2R3-MYBs and flavonoid genes in common bean seed color development. As a result of a comprehensive analysis with the help of in silico tools, we identified 160 R2R3-MYB genes in the common bean genome. We divided these genes into 16 classes on the basis of their intron-exon and motif structures. Except for three, the rest of the common bean R2R3-MYB members were distributed to all chromosomes with different densities, primarily located on chromosomes 3 and 8. We identified a total of 44 duplicated gene pairs dispersed across 11 chromosomes and evolved under purifying selection (Ka/Ks < 1), 19 of which were derived from a whole-genome duplication. Our research uncovered 25 putative repressor PvMYB proteins that contain the EAR motif. Additionally, fifty different cis-regulatory elements regulated by light, stress, and hormone were identified. Within the genome of the common bean, we discovered a total of 36 microRNAs that target a total of 72 R2R3-MYB transcripts. The effect of 16 R2R3-MYB genes and 16 phenylpropanoid pathway genes, selected on the basis of their interaction in the protein-protein interaction map, playing role in the regulation of seed coat color development was evaluated using qRT-PCR in 5 different tissues at different developmental stages. The results revealed that these specific genes have different expression levels during different developmental periods, with higher levels in the pod filling and early pod stages than in the rest of the developmental periods. Furthermore, it was shown that PvTT8 (bHLH), PvTT2 (PvMYB42), PvMYB113, PvTTG1, and PvWD68 genes have effects on the regulation of seed coat color. The findings of this study, which is the first to use whole-genome analysis to identify and characterize the R2R3-MYB genes in common bean, may serve as a reference for future functional research in the legume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Kavas
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55270, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Farah Abdulla
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55270, Turkey
| | - Karam Mostafa
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55270, Turkey
- The Central Laboratory for Date Palm Research and Development, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Zafer Seçgin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55270, Turkey
| | - Bayram Ali Yerlikaya
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55270, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Otur
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55270, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Gökdemir
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55270, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Kurt Kızıldoğan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun 55270, Turkey
| | - Jameel Mohammed Al-Khayri
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shri Mohan Jain
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PL-27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Wang R, Mao C, Ming F. PeMYB4L interacts with PeMYC4 to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Phalaenopsis orchid. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111423. [PMID: 35995112 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phalaenopsis spp., one genus of Orchidaceae, have become very popular worldwide for their fascinating flowers with various colors and pigmentation patterns. Several R2R3-MYB transcription factors have been reported to function in anthocyanin accumulation in Phalaenopsis spp. However, its molecular mechanism underlying the detailed regulatory pathway remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel subgroup 2 R2R3-MYB transcription factor PeMYB4L, the expression profile of which was concomitant with red color formation in Phalaenopsis spp. flowers. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transient overexpression assay verified that PeMYB4L promotes anthocyanin accumulation in flower tissues. In addition, PeMYB4L could directly regulates the expression of Phalaenopsis spp. chalcone synthase gene (PeCHS) through MYBST1 (GGATA) binding site. It's interesting that the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein PeMYC4 shows opposite expression pattern from PeMYB4L in anthocyanin accumulation. Furthermore, PeMYC4 was verified to form MYB-bHLH complex with PeMYB4L, and attenuated the expression of PeCHS and weakened anthocyanin production, indicating a novel regulatory model of MYB-bHLH complex. Our findings uncover the detailed regulatory pathway of MYB-bHLH, and might provide a new insight into the complicated anthocyanin pigmentation in Phalaenopsis spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Chanjuan Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Feng Ming
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China.
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Khairul-Anuar MA, Mazumdar P, Othman RY, Harikrishna JA. DhMYB22 and DhMYB60 regulate pigment intensity and floral organ shape in Dendrobium hybrid. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:579-594. [PMID: 35980362 PMCID: PMC9510950 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flower pigment and shape are determined by the coordinated expression of a set of structural genes during flower development. R2R3-MYB transcription factors are known regulators of structural gene expression. The current study focused on two members of this large family of transcription factors that were predicted to have roles in pigment biosynthesis and organ shape development in orchids. METHODS Phylogenetic analysis was used to identify candidate Dendrobium catenatum R2R3-MYB (DcaMYB) sequences associated with pigment and cell shape development. Gene silencing of candidate DhMYBs in Dendrobium hybrid by direct application of dsRNA to developing flowers was followed by observation of gene expression level and flower phenotypes. Silencing of the structural gene chalcone synthase was used as a comparative control. KEY RESULTS Ten candidate flower-associated DcaMYBs were identified. Flowers treated with dsRNA of DhMYB22 and DhMYB60 sequences were less pigmented and had relatively low expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (F3'H and DFR), lower total anthocyanin concentration and markedly lower levels of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside. Petals of DhMYB22-treated flowers and sepals of DhMYB60-treated flowers showed the greatest colour difference relative to the same organs in untreated flowers. DhMYB22-treated flowers had relatively narrow and constricted lips, while DhMYB60-treated flowers had narrow and constricted sepals. No significant difference in shape was observed for DhCHS-treated or untreated flowers. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that DhMYB22 and DhMYB60 regulate pigment intensity and floral organ shape in Dendrobium. This is a first report of MYB regulation of floral organ shape in orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Purabi Mazumdar
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Jennifer Ann Harikrishna
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Shi Z, Han X, Wang G, Qiu J, Zhou LJ, Chen S, Fang W, Chen F, Jiang J. Transcriptome analysis reveals chrysanthemum flower discoloration under high-temperature stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003635. [PMID: 36186082 PMCID: PMC9515547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is an important environmental factor affecting plant anthocyanin synthesis. High temperatures are associated with decreased anthocyanin pigmentation in chrysanthemum. To reveal the effects of high temperature on anthocyanin biosynthesis in chrysanthemum, ray florets of the heat-sensitive cultivar "Nannong Ziyunying" (ZYY) were subjected to RNA sequencing. A total of 18,286 unigenes were differentially expressed between the control and treatment groups. Functional annotation and enrichment analyses of these unigenes revealed that the heat shock response and flavonoid pathways were significantly enriched, suggesting that the expression of these genes in response to high temperature is associated with the fading of chrysanthemum flower color. In addition, genes related to anthocyanin synthesis and heat shock response were differentially expressed under high-temperature stress. Finally, to further investigate the molecular mechanism of discoloration under high-temperature stress and facilitate the use of marker-assisted breeding for developing novel heat-tolerant cultivars, these results were used to mine candidate genes by analyzing changes in their transcription levels in chrysanthemum.
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Wang C, Li J, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Jin H, Liu X. Transcriptional regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway genes and transcription factors in Indigofera stachyodes Lindl. roots. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:438. [PMID: 36096752 PMCID: PMC9469613 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proanthocyanidins (PAs) have always been considered as important medicinal value component. In order to gain insights into the PA biosynthesis regulatory network in I. stachyodes roots, we analyzed the transcriptome of the I. stachyodes in Leaf, Stem, RootI (one-year-old root), and RootII (two-year-old root). RESULTS In this study, a total of 110,779 non-redundant unigenes were obtained, of which 63,863 could be functionally annotated. Simultaneously, 75 structural genes that regulate PA biosynthesis were identified, of these 6 structural genes (IsF3'H1, IsANR2, IsLAR2, IsUGT72L1-3, IsMATE2, IsMATE3) may play an important role in the synthesis of PAs in I. stachyodes roots. Furthermore, co-expression network analysis revealed that 34 IsMYBs, 18 IsbHLHs, 15 IsWRKYs, 9 IsMADSs, and 3 IsWIPs hub TFs are potential regulators for PA accumulation. Among them, IsMYB24 and IsMYB79 may be closely involved in the PA biosynthesis in I. stachyodes roots. CONCLUSIONS The biosynthesis of PAs in I. stachyodes roots is mainly produced by the subsequent pathway of cyanidin. Our work provides new insights into the molecular pathways underlying PA accumulation and enhances our global understanding of transcriptome dynamics throughout different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongmin Wang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Haijun Jin
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Luan Y, Tang Y, Wang X, Xu C, Tao J, Zhao D. Tree Peony R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor PsMYB30 Promotes Petal Blotch Formation by Activating the Transcription of the Anthocyanin Synthase Gene. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1101-1116. [PMID: 35713501 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Petal blotches are commonly observed in many angiosperm families and not only influence plant-pollinator interactions but also confer high ornamental value. Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is an important cut flower worldwide, but few studies have focused on its blotch formation. In this study, anthocyanins were found to be the pigment basis for blotch formation of P. suffruticosa, and peonidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pn3G5G) was the most important component of anthocyanins, while the dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene was the key factor contributing to blotch formation. Then, the R2R3-myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor PsMYB30 belonging to subgroup 1 was proven as a positive anthocyanin regulator with transcriptional activation and nuclear expression. Furthermore, silencing PsMYB30 in P. suffruticosa petals reduced blotch size by 37.9%, faded blotch color and decreased anthocyanin and Pn3G5G content by 23.6% and 32.9%, respectively. Overexpressing PsMYB30 increased anthocyanin content by 14.5-fold in tobacco petals. In addition, yeast one-hybrid assays, dual-luciferase assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that PsMYB30 could bind to the promoter of the anthocyanin synthase (ANS) gene and enhance its expression. Altogether, a novel MYB transcription factor, PsMYB30, was identified to promote petal blotch formation by activating the expression of PsANS involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, which provide new insights for petal blotch formation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Luan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Tao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daqiu Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
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Liu J, Yu Y, Dong G, Hao C, Liu Y, Chen S. Identification and quantification of flavonoids in 207 cultivated lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera) and their contribution to different colors. PEERJ ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj-achem.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a large economic crop, which is also cultivated as a horticultural crop. This study performed a systematic qualitative and quantitative determination of five anthocyanins and 18 non-anthocyanin flavonoids from the petals of 207 lotus cultivars. Among the compounds identified in this study, quercetin 3-O-pentose-glucuronide, quercetin 7-O-glucoside, laricitrin 3-O-hexose, and laricitrin 3-O-glucuronide were discovered for the first time in sacred lotus. The relationships between these pigments and petals colors were also evaluated. A decrease in the total content of anthocyanins and increase in the content of myricetin 3-O-glucuronide resulted in a lighter flower color. Furthermore, petals were yellow when the content of quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside and myricetin 3-O-glucuronide were increased, whereas petals were red when the total anthocyanin content was high and the quercetin 3-O-sambubioside content was low. These investigations contribute to the understanding of mechanisms that underlie the development of flower color and provide a solid theoretical basis for the further study of sacred lotus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, China
| | - Yuetong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chenyang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16, Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, China
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Shi Q, Yuan M, Wang S, Luo X, Luo S, Fu Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Li L. PrMYB5 activates anthocyanin biosynthetic PrDFR to promote the distinct pigmentation pattern in the petal of Paeonia rockii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:955590. [PMID: 35991417 PMCID: PMC9382232 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.955590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Paeonia rockii is well-known for its distinctive large dark-purple spot at the white petal base and has been considered to be the main genetic source of spotted tree peony cultivars. In this study, the petal base and petal background of Paeonia ostii (pure white petals without any spot), P. rockii, and other three tree peony cultivars were sampled at four blooming stages from the small bell-like bud stage to the initial blooming stage. There is a distinct difference between the pigmentation processes of spots and petal backgrounds; the spot pigmentation was about 10 days earlier than the petal background. Moreover, the cyanin and peonidin type anthocyanin accumulation at the petal base mainly contributed to the petal spot formation. Then, we identified a C1 subgroup R2R3-MYB transcription factor, PrMYB5, predominantly transcribing at the petal base. This is extremely consistent with PrDFR and PrANS expression, the contents of anthocyanins, and spot formation. Furthermore, PrMYB5 could bind to and activate the promoter of PrDFR in yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays, which was further verified in overexpression of PrMYB5 in tobacco and PrMYB5-silenced petals of P. rockii by comparing the color change, anthocyanin contents, and gene expression. In summary, these results shed light on the mechanism of petal spot formation in P. rockii and speed up the molecular breeding process of tree peony cultivars with novel spot pigmentation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoning Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sha Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yaqi Fu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Long Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Hao P, Liu H, Lin B, Ren Y, Huang L, Jiang L, Hua S. BnaA03.ANS Identified by Metabolomics and RNA-seq Partly Played Irreplaceable Role in Pigmentation of Red Rapeseed ( Brassica napus) Petal. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:940765. [PMID: 35909732 PMCID: PMC9330612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.940765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Colorful flowers of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) have been a hotspot for researchers, but the underlying mechanisms of pigment formation still need to be clarified. In this study, two stages of unopened rapeseed petals with red, white, and yellow colors were selected to identify the metabolites and genes involved in red pigment formation. Metabolomic analysis showed that flavonoids enriched the most co-differentially accumulated metabolites among all categories, and showed higher accumulation in red petal rapeseed than in white and yellow petal ones. RNA-seq analysis showed that among co-differentially expressed genes involved in red pigment formation, genes involved in anthocyanin (belonging to flavonoids) biosynthesis pathway were largely regulated by ANS, DFR, and UF3GT. The expression of those genes was higher in red petals of rapeseed than in white and yellow petals ones as well. Results of RNA interference of BnaA03.ANS in red rapeseed altered petal colors from raspberry red to beige red and zinc yellow under different interference levels, with the contents of pelargonidin, cyanidin, lutein, neoxanthin, β-carotene, and lycopene significantly decreased. However, overexpression of BnaA03.ANS in yellow rapeseed petals did not change the color of yellow petals. This study confirmed the important function of flavonoids, especially anthocyanins on red pigment formation, and for the first time, identified the irreplaceable role of BnaA03.ANS on red-flowered rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Hao
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Liu
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Yongding Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Longyan, Longyan, China
| | - Baogang Lin
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Ren
- Huzhou Agricultural Science and Technology Development Center/Huzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huzhou, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuijin Hua
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang L, Yan L, Zhang C, Kong X, Zheng Y, Dong L. Glucose Supply Induces PsMYB2-Mediated Anthocyanin Accumulation in Paeonia suffruticosa 'Tai Yang' Cut Flower. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:874526. [PMID: 35774824 PMCID: PMC9237572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.874526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) is a well-known Chinese ornamental plant with showy flower color. However, the color fading problem during vase time seriously blocks its development in the cut flower market. In this study, we found that exogenous glucose supply improved the color quality of P. suffruticosa 'Tai Yang' cut flowers with increased total soluble sugar and anthocyanin contents of petals. Besides, the promotion effect of glucose was better than the osmotic control of 3-O-methylglucose (3OMG) treatment and the glucose analog mannose treatment. The structural genes, including PsF3H, PsF3'H, PsDFR, PsAOMT, and PsUF5GT, were remarkably upregulated under glucose treatment. Meanwhile, the regulatory genes, including PsbHLH1, PsbHLH3, PsMYB2, PsWD40-1, and PsWD40-2, also showed a strong response to glucose treatment. Among these five regulatory genes, PsMYB2 showed less response to 3OMG treatment but was highly expressed under glucose and mannose treatments, indicating that PsMYB2 may have an important role in the glucose signal pathway. Ectopic overexpression of PsMYB2 in Nicotiana tabacum resulted in a strong pigmentation in petals and stamens of tobacco flowers accompanied with multiple anthocyanin biosynthetic genes upregulated. More importantly, the overexpression of PsMYB2 enhanced the ability of glucose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings since PsMYB2-overexpressing Arabidopsis showed higher expression levels of AtPAL1, AtCHS, AtF3H, AtF3'H, AtDFR, and AtLDOX than those of wild type under glucose treatment. In summary, we suggested that glucose supply promoted petal coloration of P. suffruticosa 'Tai Yang' cut flower through the signal pathway, and PsMYB2 was a key component in this process. Our research made a further understanding of the mechanism that glucose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis of P. suffruticosa cut flowers during postharvest development, laying a foundation for color retention technology development of cut flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Ningxia State Farm, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Li M, Zhang H, Yang Y, Wang H, Xue Z, Fan Y, Sun P, Zhang H, Zhang X, Jin W. Rosa1, a Transposable Element-Like Insertion, Produces Red Petal Coloration in Rose Through Altering RcMYB114 Transcription. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:857684. [PMID: 35574133 PMCID: PMC9100400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.857684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rose (Rosa sp.) flowers have a rich diversity of colors resulting from the differential accumulation of anthocyanins, flavonols, and carotenoids. However, the genetic and molecular determinants of the red-petal trait in roses remains poorly understood. Here we report that a transposable element-like insertion (Rosa1) into RcMYB114, a R2R3-MYB transcription factor's promoter region causes its transcription, resulting in red petals. In red-petal varieties, RcMYB114 is expressed specifically in flower organs, but is absent from non-red varieties. Sequencing, yeast two-hybrid, transient transformation, and promoter activity assays of RcMYB114 independently confirmed the role of Rosa1 in altering RcMYB114's transcription and downstream effects on flower color. Genetic and molecular evidence confirmed that the Rosa1 transposable element-like insertion, which is a previously unknown DNA transposable element, is different from those in other plants and is a reliable molecular marker to screen red-petal roses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofu Li
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youwei Fan
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhu Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wanmei Jin
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Functional Floriculture, Beijing, China
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Qi F, Liu Y, Luo Y, Cui Y, Lu C, Li H, Huang H, Dai S. Functional analysis of the ScAG and ScAGL11 MADS-box transcription factors for anthocyanin biosynthesis and bicolour pattern formation in Senecio cruentus ray florets. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac071. [PMID: 35734379 PMCID: PMC9209810 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cineraria (Senecio cruentus) is an ornamental plant with pure colour and bicolour cultivars, widely used for landscaping. Anthocyanin biosynthesis influences coloration patterns in cineraria. However, how anthocyanins accumulate and distribute in cineraria is poorly understood. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis and bicolour formation in cineraria using pure colour and bicolour cultivars. Transcriptome and gene expression analysis showed that five genes, ScCHS2, ScF3H1, ScDFR3, ScANS, and ScbHLH17, were inhibited in the white cultivar and colourless regions of bicolour cultivars. In contrast, two MADS-box genes, ScAG and ScAGL11, showed significantly higher expression in the colourless regions of bicolour cultivars. ScAG and ScAGL11 were localized in the nucleus and co-expressed with the bicolour trait. Further functional analysis verified that ScAG inhibits anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). However, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments showed that silencing of ScAG and ScAGL11 increases anthocyanin content in cineraria leaves. Similar results were observed when ScAG and ScAGL11 were silenced in the cineraria capitulum, accompanied by the smaller size of the colourless region, specifically in the ScAG/ScAGL11-silenced plants. The expression of ScCHS2, ScDFR3, and ScF3H1 increased in silenced cineraria leaves and capitulum. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments demonstrated that ScAG interacts with ScAGL11. Moreover, ScAG directly inhibited the transcription of ScF3H1 while ScAGL11 inhibited ScDFR3 expression by binding to their promoters separately. The findings reported herein indicate that ScAG and ScAGL11 negatively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in cineraria ray florets, and their differential expression in ray florets influences the bicolour pattern appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangting Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiliu Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yumeng Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chenfei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - He Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Silan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Chili Pepper AN2 (CaAN2): A Visible Selection Marker for Nondestructive Monitoring of Transgenic Plants. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060820. [PMID: 35336702 PMCID: PMC8955877 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Selecting transformed plants is generally time consuming and laborious. To develop a method for transgenic plant selection without the need for antibiotics or herbicides, we evaluated the suitability of the R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene CaAN2 from purple chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) for use as a visible selection marker. CaAN2 positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis. Transient expression assays in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves revealed that CaAN2 actively induced sufficient pigment accumulation for easy detection without the need for a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein as a cofactor; similar results were obtained for tobacco leaves transiently co-expressing the anthocyanin biosynthesis regulators bHLH B-Peru from maize and R2R3 MYB mPAP1D from Arabidopsis. Tobacco plants harboring CaAN2 were readily selected based on their red color at the shoot regeneration stage due to anthocyanin accumulation without the need to impose selective pressure from herbicides. Transgenic tobacco plants harboring CaAN2 showed strong pigment accumulation throughout the plant body. The ectopic expression of CaAN2 dramatically promoted the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes as well as regulators of this process. The red coloration of tobacco plants harboring CaAN2 was stably transferred to the next generation. Therefore, anthocyanin accumulation due to CaAN2 expression is a useful visible trait for stable transformation, representing an excellent alternative selection system for transgenic plants.
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Albert NW, Lafferty DJ, Moss SMA, Davies KM. Flavonoids – flowers, fruit, forage and the future. J R Soc N Z 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2034654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick W. Albert
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Declan J. Lafferty
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sarah M. A. Moss
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kevin M. Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Liu X, Duan J, Huo D, Li Q, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Niu L, Luo J. The Paeonia qiui R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor PqMYB113 Positively Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana and Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:810990. [PMID: 35095984 PMCID: PMC8789887 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.810990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Paeonia qiui is a wild species of tree peony native to China. Its leaves are purplish red from the bud germination to the flowering stage, and anthocyanin is the main pigment in purplish red leaves. However, the anthocyanin synthesis regulation mechanism in tree peony leaves remains unclear. In this study, an R2R3-MYB, PqMYB113 was identified from the leaves of P. qiui. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PqMYB113 clustered with Liquidambar LfMYB113 and grape VvMYBA6. Subcellular location analysis showed that PqMYB113 was located in the cell nucleus. The transient reporter assay suggested that PqMYB113 was a transcriptional activator. The overexpression of PqMYB113 in Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) resulted in increased anthocyanin accumulation and the upregulation of CHS, F3H, F3'H, DFR, and ANS. The dual luciferase reporter assay showed that PqMYB113 could activate the promoters of PqDFR and PqANS. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays and yeast two-hybrid assays suggested that PqMYB113 could form a ternary MBW complex with PqbHLH1 and PqWD40 cofactors. These results provide insight into the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in tree peony leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resource, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Dan Huo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
| | - Qinqin Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
| | - Lixin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
| | - Jianrang Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Yangling, China
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Ahmad S, Chen J, Chen G, Huang J, Zhou Y, Zhao K, Lan S, Liu Z, Peng D. Why Black Flowers? An Extreme Environment and Molecular Perspective of Black Color Accumulation in the Ornamental and Food Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:885176. [PMID: 35498642 PMCID: PMC9047182 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.885176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pollinators are attracted to vibrant flower colors. That is why flower color is the key agent to allow successful fruit set in food or ornamental crops. However, black flower color is the least attractive to pollinators, although a number of plant species produce black flowers. Cyanidin-based anthocyanins are thought to be the key agents to induce black color in the ornamental and fruit crops. R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) play key roles for the tissue-specific accumulation of anthocyanin. MYB1 and MYB11 are the key TFs regulating the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes for black color accumulation. Post-transcriptional silencing of flavone synthase II (FNS) gene is the technological method to stimulate the accumulation of cyanidin-based anthocyanins in black cultivars. Type 1 promoter of DvIVS takes the advantage of FNS silencing to produce large amounts of black anthocyanins. Exogenous ethylene application triggers anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit skin at ripening. Environment cues have been the pivotal regulators to allow differential accumulation of anthocyanins to regulate black color. Heat stress is one of the most important environmental stimulus that regulates concentration gradient of anthocyanins in various plant parts, thereby affecting the color pattern of flowers. Stability of black anthocyanins in the extreme environments can save the damage, especially in fruits, caused by abiotic stress. White flowers without anthocyanin face more damages from abiotic stress than dark color flowers. The intensity and pattern of flower color accumulation determine the overall fruit set, thereby controlling crop yield and human food needs. This review paper presents comprehensive knowledge of black flower regulation as affected by high temperature stress, and the molecular regulators of anthocyanin for black color in ornamental and food crops. It also discusses the black color-pollination interaction pattern affected by heat stress for food and ornamental crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagheer Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinliao Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siren Lan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongjian Liu,
| | - Donghui Peng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Donghui Peng,
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Ohta Y, Atsumi G, Yoshida C, Takahashi S, Shimizu M, Nishihara M, Nakatsuka T. Post-transcriptional gene silencing of the chalcone synthase gene CHS causes corolla lobe-specific whiting of Japanese gentian. PLANTA 2021; 255:29. [PMID: 34964920 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03815-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional gene silencing of the chalcone synthase gene CHS specifically suppresses anthocyanin biosynthesis in corolla lobes and is responsible for the formation of a stripe type bicolor in Japanese gentian. The flower of Japanese gentian is a bell-shaped corolla composed of lobes and plicae, which is painted uniformly blue. However, the gentian cultivar 'Hakuju' shows bicolor phenotype (blue-white stripe corolla), in which anthocyanin accumulation is suppressed only in corolla lobes. Expression analysis indicated that steady-state levels of chalcone synthase (CHS) transcripts were remarkably reduced in corolla lobes compared with plicae during petal pigmentation initiation. However, no significant difference in expression levels of other flavonoid biosynthetic structural and regulatory genes was detected in its lobes and plicae. On feeding naringenin in white lobes, anthocyanin accumulation was recovered. Northern blotting probed with CHS confirmed the abundant accumulation of small RNAs in corolla lobes. Likewise, small RNA-seq analysis indicated that short reads from its lobes were predominantly mapped onto the 2nd exon region of the CHS gene, whereas those from the plicae were scarcely mapped. Subsequent infection with the gentian ovary ringspot virus (GORV), which had an RNA-silencing activity, showed the recovery of partial pigmentation in lobes. Hence, these results strongly suggested that suppressing anthocyanin accumulation in the lobes of bicolored 'Hakuju' was attributed to the specific degradation of CHS mRNA in corolla lobes, which was through post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Herein, we revealed the molecular mechanism of strip bicolor formation in Japanese gentian, and showed that PTGS of CHS was also responsible for flower color pattern in a floricultural plant other than petunia and dahlia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ohta
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Go Atsumi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, 024-0003, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Sapporo, 062-8517, Japan
| | - Chiharu Yoshida
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, 024-0003, Japan
| | | | - Motoki Shimizu
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, 024-0003, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Nakatsuka
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
- College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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Cui Y, Fan J, Lu C, Ren J, Qi F, Huang H, Dai S. ScGST3 and multiple R2R3-MYB transcription factors function in anthocyanin accumulation in Senecio cruentus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111094. [PMID: 34763879 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are important flavonoid pigments involved in the colouring of flowers and fruits. They are synthesized on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum and transported into the vacuole for storage. Previous reports have suggested that glutathione S-transferase (GST) is involved in anthocyanin transport. However, due to the limitation of plant materials, most GSTs only participate in the cyanidin or delphinidin transport pathway. Here, an anthocyanin-related GST, ScGST3, was identified from the transcriptome of cineraria. The expression pattern of ScGST3 was highly consistent with anthocyanin accumulation in ray florets. Molecular complementation of Arabidopsis tt19 indicated that the overexpression of ScGST3 restores the anthocyanin-deficient phenotype of the mutant. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of ScGST3 in carmine and blue cineraria leaves could inhibit anthocyanin accumulation, further confirming the function of ScGST3 in anthocyanin accumulation. In vitro assays showed that ScGST3 increases the water solubility of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) and delphinidin-3-O-glucosid (D3G). In addition, we also identified two anthocyanin-related MYB transcription factors, ScMYB3 and ScMYB6. The expression pattern of these two genes was also highly consistent with anthocyanin accumulation. Faded abaxial leaf phenotypes were observed after the silencing of ScMYB3 and ScMYB6, and the expression levels of partial structural genes were repressed. Based on the results from dual-luciferase assays and yeast one-hybrid assays, ScMYB3 can activate the promoter of ScGST3. Collectively, the transcription of ScGST3 is regulated by ScMYB3, which plays an important role in the transport of C3G and D3G in cineraria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiawei Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chenfei Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiangshan Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fangting Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - He Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Silan Dai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Education Ministry, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Cao Y, Bi M, Yang P, Song M, He G, Wang J, Yang Y, Xu L, Ming J. Construction of yeast one-hybrid library and screening of transcription factors regulating LhMYBSPLATTER expression in Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium spp.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:563. [PMID: 34844560 PMCID: PMC8628396 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins, which belong to flavonoids, are widely colored among red-purple pigments in the Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium spp.). Transcription factor (TF) LhMYBSPLATTER (formerly known as LhMYB12-Lat), identified as the major kernel protein, regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in 'Tiny Padhye' of Tango Series cultivars, which the pigmentation density is high in the lower half of tepals and this patterning is of exceptional ornamental value. However, the research on mechanism of regulating the spatial and temporal expression differences of LhMYBSPLATTER, which belongs to the R2R3-MYB subfamily, is still not well established. To explore the molecular mechanism of directly related regulatory proteins of LhMYBSPLATTER in the anthocyanin pigmentation, the yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) cDNA library was constructed and characterized. RESULTS In this study, we describe a yeast one-hybrid library to screen transcription factors that regulate LhMYBSPLATTER gene expression in Lilium, with the library recombinant efficiency of over 98%. The lengths of inserted fragments ranged from 400 to 2000 bp, and the library capacity reached 1.6 × 106 CFU of cDNA insert, which is suitable to fulfill subsequent screening. Finally, seven prey proteins, including BTF3, MYB4, IAA6-like, ERF4, ARR1, ERF WIN1-like, and ERF061 were screened by the recombinant bait plasmid and verified by interaction with the LhMYBSPLATTER promoter. Among them, ERFs, AUX/IAA, and BTF3 may participate in the negative regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in Lilium. CONCLUSION A yeast one-hybrid library of lily was successfully constructed in the tepals for the first time. Seven candidate TFs of LhMYBSPLATTER were screened, which may provide a theoretical basis for the study of floral pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Cao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Mengmeng Bi
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Meng Song
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Guoren He
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yue Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Leifeng Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jun Ming
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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de Araújo Esteves Duarte I, Milenkovic D, Borges TK, de Lacerda de Oliveira L, Costa AM. Brazilian passion fruit as a new healthy food: from its composition to health properties and mechanisms of action. Food Funct 2021; 12:11106-11120. [PMID: 34651638 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01976g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Brazilian biodiversity is one of the largest in the world, with about 41 000 species cataloged within two global biodiversity hotspots: Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, the Brazilian savannah. Passiflora, known also as passion flowers, is a genus of which 96% of its species are distributed in the Americas, mainly Brazil and Colombia. Passion fruit extracts have a commercial value on a global scale through the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, self-care, and food and beverage industries. Passiflora are widely studied due to their potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, antidepressant and vascular and neuronal protective effects, probably owing to their content of polyphenols. Passiflora setacea DC is a species of wild passion fruit from the Brazilian Cerrado, rich in flavonoid C-glycosides, homoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin and orientin. Intake of these plant food bioactives has been associated with protection against chronic non-communicable diseases (CNDCs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we aimed to discuss the varieties of Passiflora, their content in plant food bioactives and their potential molecular mechanisms of action in preventing or reversing CNDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella de Araújo Esteves Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasília DF 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tatiana Karla Borges
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília DF 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Livia de Lacerda de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brasília DF 70.910-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Costa
- Laboratory of Food Science, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina DF 73.310-970, Brazil
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Kim DH, Yang J, Ha SH, Kim JK, Lee JY, Lim SH. An OsKala3, R2R3 MYB TF, Is a Common Key Player for Black Rice Pericarp as Main Partner of an OsKala4, bHLH TF. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:765049. [PMID: 34777449 PMCID: PMC8585765 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.765049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) pericarp exhibits various colors due to the accumulation of anthocyanins and/or proanthocyanidins. Previous work revealed that the two basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors OsKala4 and OsRc are key regulators for the black and red pericarp traits, respectively, and their inactivation results in rice with white pericarp. However, their pericarp-specific R2R3 MYB partner remained unknown. Here, we characterized the role of the R2R3 MYB gene OsKala3 in rice pericarp pigmentation through genetic and molecular approaches. A rice protoplast transfection assay showed that OsKala3 is a nuclear-localized protein. Furthermore, OsKala3 physically interacted with OsKala4 in a yeast two-hybrid analysis. Co-transfection assays in rice protoplasts revealed that OsKala3 and OsKala4 mediate the activation of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. Notably, the OsKala3 promoter region exhibited an insertion polymorphism specifically in rice cultivars with black pericarp, creating two tandem repeats while red and white varieties harbor only one. The number of repeats within the OsKala3 promoter correlated with increased transactivation by OsKala3, thus providing a rationale for the black pericarp characteristic of cultivars with two repeats. These results thus provide evidence for the molecular basis of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice pericarp and may facilitate the introduction of this beneficial trait to other rice cultivars through marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, South Korea
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - JuHee Yang
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, South Korea
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Kim DH, Lee J, Rhee J, Lee JY, Lim SH. Loss of the R2R3 MYB Transcription Factor RsMYB1 Shapes Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Accumulation in Raphanus sativus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10927. [PMID: 34681588 PMCID: PMC8535906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The red or purple color of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) taproots is due to anthocyanins, which have nutritional and aesthetic value, as well as antioxidant properties. Moreover, the varied patterns and levels of anthocyanin accumulation in radish roots make them an interesting system for studying the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The R2R3 MYB transcription factor RsMYB1 is a key positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in radish. Here, we isolated an allele of RsMYB1, named RsMYB1Short, in radish cultivars with white taproots. The RsMYB1Short allele carried a 4 bp insertion in the first exon causing a frame-shift mutation of RsMYB1, generating a truncated protein with only a partial R2 domain at the N-terminus. Unlike RsMYB1Full, RsMYB1Short was localized to the nucleus and the cytoplasm and failed to interact with their cognate partner RsTT8. Transient expression of genomic or cDNA sequences for RsMYB1Short in radish cotyledons failed to induce anthocyanin accumulation, but that for RsMYB1Full activated it. Additionally, RsMYB1Short showed the lost ability to induce pigment accumulation and to enhance the transcript level of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, while RsMYB1Full promoted both processes when co-expressed with RsTT8 in tobacco leaves. As the result of the transient assay, co-expressing RsTT8 and RsMYB1Full, but not RsMYB1Short, also enhanced the promoter activity of RsCHS and RsDFR. We designed a molecular marker for RsMYB1 genotyping, and revealed that the RsMYB1Short allele is common in white radish cultivars, underscoring the importance of variation at the RsMYB1 locus in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the radish taproot. Together, these results indicate that the nonsense mutation of RsMYB1 generated the truncated protein, RsMYB1Short, that had the loss of ability to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our findings highlight that the frame shift mutation of RsMYB1 plays a key role in anthocyanin biosynthesis in the radish taproot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea;
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Jundae Lee
- Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - JuHee Rhee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea;
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Cui Q, Huang J, Wu F, Li DZ, Zheng L, Hu G, Hu S, Zhang L. Biochemical and transcriptomic analyses reveal that critical genes involved in pigment biosynthesis influence leaf color changes in a new sweet osmanthus cultivar 'Qiannan Guifei'. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12265. [PMID: 34707941 PMCID: PMC8504463 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osmanthus fragrans (Oleaceae) is one of the most important ornamental plant species in China. Many cultivars with different leaf color phenotypes and good ornamental value have recently been developed. For example, a new cultivar 'Qiannan Guifei', presents a rich variety of leaf colors, which change from red to yellow-green and ultimately to green as leaves develop, making this cultivar valuable for landscaping. However, the biochemical characteristics and molecular mechanisms underlying leaf color changes of these phenotypes have not been elucidated. It has been hypothesized that the biosynthesis of different pigments in O. fragrans might change during leaf coloration. Here, we analyzed transcriptional changes in genes involved in chlorophyll (Chl), flavonoid, and carotenoid metabolic pathways and identified candidate genes responsible for leaf coloration in the new cultivar 'Qiannan Guifei'. METHODS Leaf samples were collected from 'Qiannan Guifei' plants at the red (R), yellow-green (YG) and green (G) leaf stages. We compared the different-colored leaves via leaf pigment concentrations, chloroplast ultrastructure, and transcriptomic data. We further analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the Chl, flavonoid, and carotenoid metabolic pathways. In addition, we used qRT-PCR to validate expression patterns of the DEGs at the three stages. RESULTS We found that, compared with those at the G stage, chloroplasts at the R and YG stages were less abundant and presented abnormal morphologies. Pigment analyses revealed that the leaves had higher flavonoid and anthocyanin levels at the R stage but lower Chl and carotenoid concentrations. Similarly, Chl and carotenoid concentrations were lower at the YG stage than at the G stage. By using transcriptomic sequencing, we further identified 61 DEGs involved in the three pigment metabolic pathways. Among these DEGs, seven structural genes (OfCHS, OfCHI, OfF3H, OfDFR, OfANS, OfUGT andOf3AT) involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were expressed at the highest level at the R stage, thereby increasing the biosynthesis of flavonoids, especially anthocyanins. Six putativeOfMYB genes, including three flavonoid-related activators and three repressors, were also highly expressed at the R stage, suggesting that they might coordinately regulate the accumulation of flavonoids, including anthocyanins. Additionally, expressions of the Chl biosynthesis-related genes OfHEMA, OfCHLG and OfCAO and the carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes OfHYB and OfZEP were upregulated from the R stage to the G stage, which increased the accumulation of Chl and carotenoids throughout leaf development. In summary, we screened the candidate genes responsible for the leaf color changes of 'Qiannan Guifei', improved current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying leaf coloration and provided potential targets for future leaf color improvement in O. fragrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cui
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhua Huang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong-ze Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqun Zheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaoqing Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Piao C, Wu J, Cui ML. The combination of R2R3-MYB gene AmRosea1 and hairy root culture is a useful tool for rapidly induction and production of anthocyanins in Antirrhinum majus L. AMB Express 2021; 11:128. [PMID: 34519881 PMCID: PMC8440734 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are the largest group of water-soluble pigments and beneficial for human health. Although most plants roots have the potential to express natural biosynthesis pathways required to produce specialized metabolites such as anthocyanins, the anthocyanin synthesis is specifically silenced in roots. To explore the molecular mechanism of absence and production ability of anthocyanin in the roots, investigated the effect of a bHLH gene AmDelila, and an R2R3-MYB gene AmRosea1, which are the master regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Antirrhinum majus flowers, by expressing these genes in transformed hairy roots of A. majus. Co-ectopic expression of both AmDelila and AmRosea1 significantly upregulated the expression of the key target structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, this resulted in strongly enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in transformed hairy roots. Ectopic expression of AmDelila alone did not gives rise to any significant anthocyanin accumulation, however, ectopic expression of AmRosea1 alone clearly upregulated expression of the main structural genes as well as greatly promoted anthocyanin accumulation in transformed hairy roots, where the contents reached 0.773–2.064 mg/g fresh weight. These results suggest that AmRosea1 plays a key role in the regulatory network in controlling the initiation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in roots, and the combination of AmRosea1 and hairy root culture is a powerful tool to study and production of anthocyanins in the roots of A. majus.
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