1
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Joseph FM, Kaldenhoff R. Tobacco aquaporin NtAQP1 and human aquaporin hAQP1 contribute to single cell photosynthesis in Synechococcus. Biol Cell 2024; 116:e2470003. [PMID: 38653736 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202470003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Aquaporins are H2O-permeable membrane protein pores. However, some aquaporins are also permeable to other substances such as CO2. In higher plants, overexpression of such aquaporins has already led to an enhanced photosynthetic performance due to improved CO2 mesophyll conductance. In this work, we investigated the effects of such aquaporins on unicellular photosynthetically active organisms, specifically cyanobacteria. RESULTS Overexpression of aquaporins NtAQP1 or hAQP1 that might have a function to improve CO2 membrane permeability lead to increased photosynthesis rates in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 as concluded by the rate of evolved O2. A shift in the Plastoquinone pool state of the cells supports our findings. Water permeable aquaporins without CO2 permeability, such as NtPIP2;1, do not have this effect. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that also in single cell organisms like cyanobacteria, membrane CO2 conductivity could be rate limiting and CO2-porins reduce the respective membrane resistance. We could show that besides the tobacco aquaporin NtAQP1 also the human hAQP1 most likely functions as CO2 diffusion facilitator in the photosynthesis assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska M Joseph
- Department of Biology, Applied Plant Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ralf Kaldenhoff
- Department of Biology, Applied Plant Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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O’Lone C, Juhász A, Nye-Wood M, Moody D, Dunn H, Ral JP, Colgrave ML. Advancing Sustainable Malting Practices: Aquaporins as Potential Breeding Targets for Improved Water Uptake during Controlled Germination of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10149-10161. [PMID: 38635353 PMCID: PMC11066872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The conversion of raw barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to malt requires a process of controlled germination, where the grain is submerged in water to raise the moisture content to >40%. The transmembrane proteins, aquaporins, influence water uptake during the initial stage of controlled germination, yet little is known of their involvement in malting. With the current focus on sustainability, understanding the mechanisms of water uptake and usage during the initial stages of malting has become vital in improving efficient malting practices. In this study, we used quantitative proteomics analysis of two malting barley genotypes demonstrating differing water-uptake phenotypes in the initial stages of malting. Our study quantified 19 transmembrane proteins from nine families, including seven distinct aquaporin isoforms, including the plasma intrinsic proteins (PIPs) PIP1;1, PIP2;1, and PIP2;4 and the tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) TIP1;1, TIP2;3, TIP3;1, and TIP3;2. Our findings suggest that the presence of TIP1;1, TIP3;1, and TIP3;2 in the mature barley grain proteome is essential for facilitating water uptake, influencing cell turgor and the formation of large central lytic vacuoles aiding storage reserve hydrolysis and endosperm modification efficiency. This study proposes that TIP3s mediate water uptake in malting barley grain, offering potential breeding targets for improving sustainable malting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare
E. O’Lone
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Western Australia, Australia
- Agriculture
and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization, Black
Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mitchell Nye-Wood
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Moody
- InterGrain
Pty Ltd, Bibra
Lake 6163, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hugh Dunn
- Pilot
Malting Australia, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Ral
- Agriculture
and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization, Black
Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, School of Science, Edith
Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Western Australia, Australia
- Agriculture
and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization, St Lucia 4067, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Chen J, Yue K, Shen L, Zheng C, Zhu Y, Han K, Kai L. Aquaporins and CO 2 diffusion across biological membrane. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1205290. [PMID: 37383148 PMCID: PMC10293838 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1205290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the physiological significance of effective CO2 diffusion across biological membranes, the underlying mechanism behind this process is not yet resolved. Particularly debatable is the existence of CO2-permeable aquaporins. The lipophilic characteristic of CO2 should, according to Overton's rule, result in a rapid flux across lipid bilayers. However, experimental evidence of limited membrane permeability poses a challenge to this idea of free diffusion. In this review, we summarized recent progress with regard to CO2 diffusion, and discussed the physiological effects of altered aquaporin expression, the molecular mechanisms of CO2 transport via aquaporins, and the function of sterols and other membrane proteins in CO2 permeability. In addition, we highlight the existing limits in measuring CO2 permeability and end up with perspectives on resolving such argument either by determining the atomic resolution structure of CO2 permeable aquaporins or by developing new methods for measuring permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ke Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lulu Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chuncui Zheng
- Hangzhou Institute of Test and Calibration for Quality and Technology Supervision, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Han
- Jiangsu Keybio Co., Ltd, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Kai
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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4
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Salvatierra A, Mateluna P, Toro G, Solís S, Pimentel P. Genome-Wide Identification and Gene Expression Analysis of Sweet Cherry Aquaporins ( Prunus avium L.) under Abiotic Stresses. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040940. [PMID: 37107698 PMCID: PMC10138167 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral transmembrane proteins well known as channels involved in the mobilization of water, small uncharged molecules and gases. In this work, the main objective was to carry out a comprehensive study of AQP encoding genes in Prunus avium (cv. Mazzard F12/1) on a genome-wide scale and describe their transcriptional behaviors in organs and in response to different abiotic stresses. A total of 28 non-redundant AQP genes were identified in Prunus spp. Genomes, which were phylogenetically grouped into five subfamilies (seven PIPs, eight NIPs, eight TIPs, three SIPs and two XIPs). Bioinformatic analyses revealed a high synteny and remarkable conservation of structural features among orthologs of different Prunus genomes. Several cis-acting regulatory elements (CREs) related to stress regulation were detected (ARE, WRE3, WUN, STRE, LTR, MBS, DRE, AT-rich and TC-rich). The above could be accounting for the expression variations associated with plant organs and, especially, each abiotic stress analyzed. Gene expressions of different PruavAQPs were shown to be preferentially associated with different stresses. PruavXIP2;1 and PruavXIP1;1 were up-regulated in roots at 6 h and 72 h of hypoxia, and in PruavXIP2;1 a slight induction of expression was also detected in leaves. Drought treatment strongly down-regulated PruavTIP4;1 but only in roots. Salt stress exhibited little or no variation in roots, except for PruavNIP4;1 and PruavNIP7;1, which showed remarkable gene repression and induction, respectively. Interestingly, PruavNIP4;1, the AQP most expressed in cherry roots subjected to cold temperatures, also showed this pattern in roots under high salinity. Similarly, PruavNIP4;2 consistently was up-regulated at 72 h of heat and drought treatments. From our evidence is possible to propose candidate genes for the development of molecular markers for selection processes in breeding programs for rootstocks and/or varieties of cherry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Salvatierra
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
| | - Patricio Mateluna
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
| | - Guillermo Toro
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
| | - Simón Solís
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
| | - Paula Pimentel
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Camino Las Parcelas 882, km 105 Ruta 5 Sur, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile
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5
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OsαCA1 Affects Photosynthesis, Yield Potential, and Water Use Efficiency in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065560. [PMID: 36982632 PMCID: PMC10056782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and crop yield are essentially determined by photosynthesis when considering carbon dioxide (CO2) availability. CO2 diffusion inside a leaf is one of the factors that dictate the CO2 concentrations in chloroplasts. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc-containing enzymes that interconvert CO2 and bicarbonate ions (HCO3−), which, consequently, affect CO2 diffusion and thus play a fundamental role in all photosynthetic organisms. Recently, the great progress in the research in this field has immensely contributed to our understanding of the function of the β-type CAs; however, the analysis of α-type CAs in plants is still in its infancy. In this study, we identified and characterized the OsαCA1 gene in rice via the analysis of OsαCAs expression in flag leaves and the subcellular localization of its encoding protein. OsαCA1 encodes an α-type CA, whose protein is located in chloroplasts with a high abundance in photosynthetic tissues, including flag leaves, mature leaves, and panicles. OsαCA1 deficiency caused a significant reduction in assimilation rate, biomass accumulation, and grain yield. The growth and photosynthetic defects of the OsαCA1 mutant were attributable to the restricted CO2 supply at the chloroplast carboxylation sites, which could be partially rescued by the application of an elevated concentration of CO2 but not that of HCO3−. Furthermore, we have provided evidence that OsαCA1 positively regulates water use efficiency (WUE) in rice. In summary, our results reveal that the function of OsαCA1 is integral to rice photosynthesis and yield potential, underscoring the importance of α-type CAs in determining plant physiology and crop yield and providing genetic resources and new ideas for breeding high-yielding rice varieties.
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6
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He R, Su H, Wang X, Ren Z, Zhang K, Feng T, Zhang M, Li Z, Li L, Zhuang J, Gong Z, Zhou Y, Duan L. Coronatine promotes maize water uptake by directly binding to the aquaporin ZmPIP2;5 and enhancing its activity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:703-720. [PMID: 36511119 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water uptake is crucial for crop growth and development and drought stress tolerance. The water channel aquaporins (AQP) play important roles in plant water uptake. Here, we discovered that a jasmonic acid analog, coronatine (COR), enhanced maize (Zea mays) root water uptake capacity under artificial water deficiency conditions. COR treatment induced the expression of the AQP gene Plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2;5 (ZmPIP2;5). In vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that COR also directly acts on ZmPIP2;5 to improve water uptake in maize and Xenopus oocytes. The leaf water potential and hydraulic conductivity of roots growing under hyperosmotic conditions were higher in ZmPIP2;5-overexpression lines and lower in the zmpip2;5 knockout mutant, compared to wild-type plants. Based on a comparison between ZmPIP2;5 and other PIP2s, we predicted that COR may bind to the functional site in loop E of ZmPIP2;5. We confirmed this prediction by surface plasmon resonance technology and a microscale thermophoresis assay, and showed that deleting the binding motif greatly reduced COR binding. We identified the N241 residue as the COR-specific binding site, which may activate the channel of the AQP tetramer and increase water transport activity, which may facilitate water uptake under hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiqing Su
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhijie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Legong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental Improvement, Beijing Municipal Government, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Junhong Zhuang
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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7
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Verslues PE, Bailey-Serres J, Brodersen C, Buckley TN, Conti L, Christmann A, Dinneny JR, Grill E, Hayes S, Heckman RW, Hsu PK, Juenger TE, Mas P, Munnik T, Nelissen H, Sack L, Schroeder JI, Testerink C, Tyerman SD, Umezawa T, Wigge PA. Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:67-108. [PMID: 36018271 PMCID: PMC9806664 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these questions include the need to better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; how environmental signals interface with endogenous signaling and development (e.g. circadian clock and flowering time); and how this integrated signaling controls downstream responses (e.g. stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, and growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently as a site of key signaling and transport events (e.g. mechanosensing and lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation to water extremes and rising CO2 affects hydraulic architecture and transpiration, as well as root and shoot growth and morphology, in ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution and crop resilience in the face of changing and increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration of plant diversity within and among species can help us know which of these tradeoffs represent fundamental limits and which ones can be circumvented by bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial stress resistance in different contexts and making connections between genes and phenotypes, and between laboratory and field observations, are overarching challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Craig Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Lucio Conti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Alexander Christmann
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Erwin Grill
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Scott Hayes
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W Heckman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Po-Kai Hsu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Paloma Mas
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Teun Munnik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam NL-1098XH, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- ARC Center Excellence, Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 6708 PB, Japan
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau, Großbeeren 14979, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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8
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Xin H, Li Q, Wang S, Zhang Z, Wu X, Liu R, Zhu J, Li J. Saussurea involucrata PIP2;4 improves growth and drought tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum by increasing stomatal density and sensitivity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111526. [PMID: 36343868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins, the major facilitators of water transport across membranes, are involved in growth and development and adaptation to drought stress in plants. In this study, a plasma membrane intrinsic protein (SiPIP2;4) was cloned from Saussurea involucrata, a cold-tolerant hardy herb. The expression of SiPIP2;4 increased the stomatal density and sensitivity of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), thus, affecting the plant's growth and resistance to the diverse water environment. The higher stomatal density under well-watered conditions effectively promoted the photosynthetic rate, which led to the rapid growth of transgenic lines. The stomata in the transgenic lines responded more sensitively to the vapor pressure deficit than the wild-type under different levels of ambient humidity. Their stomatal apertures positively correlated with the ambient humidity. Under drought conditions, the overexpression of SiPIP2;4 promoted rapid stomatal closure, reduced water dissipation, and enhanced drought tolerance. These results indicate that SiPIP2;4 regulates the density and sensitivity of plant stomata, thus, playing an important role in balancing plant growth and stress tolerance. This suggests that SiPIP2;4 has the potential to serve as a genetic resource for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Xin
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Qianqin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Saisai Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Zexing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Ruina Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Jin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China.
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9
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Li P, Yu J, Feng N, Weng J, Rehman A, Huang J, Tu S, Niu Q. Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Uncover the Reason for the Inhibition of Photosynthesis by Phosphate Deficiency in Cucumis melo L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012073. [PMID: 36292929 PMCID: PMC9603772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) deficiency is a common phenomenon in agricultural production and limits plant growth. Recent work showed that long-term Pi deficiency caused the inhibition of photosynthesis and inefficient electron transport. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we used the physiological, histochemical, and transcriptomic methods to investigate the effect of low-Pi stress on photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, cell membrane lipid, chloroplast ultrastructure, and transcriptional regulation of key genes in melon seedlings. The results showed that Pi deficiency significantly downregulated the expression of aquaporin genes, induced an increase in ABA levels, and reduced the water content and free water content of melon leaves, which caused physiological drought in melon leaves. Therefore, gas exchange was disturbed. Pi deficiency also reduced the phospholipid contents in leaf cell membranes, caused the peroxidation of membrane lipids, and destroyed the ultrastructure of chloroplasts. The transcriptomic analysis showed that 822 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated and 1254 downregulated by Pi deficiency in leaves. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEGs significantly enriched in chloroplast thylakoid membrane composition (GO:0009535), photosynthesis-antenna proteins (map00196), and photosynthesis pathways (map00195) were downregulated by Pi deficiency. It indicated that Pi deficiency regulated photosynthesis-related genes at the transcriptional level, thereby affecting the histochemical properties and physiological functions, and consequently causing the reduced light assimilation ability and photosynthesis efficiency. It enriches the mechanism of photosynthesis inhibition by Pi deficiency.
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10
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Mizokami Y, Oguchi R, Sugiura D, Yamori W, Noguchi K, Terashima I. Cost-benefit analysis of mesophyll conductance: diversities of anatomical, biochemical and environmental determinants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:265-283. [PMID: 35947983 PMCID: PMC9487971 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants invest photosynthates in construction and maintenance of their structures and functions. Such investments are considered costs. These costs are recovered by the CO2 assimilation rate (A) in the leaves, and thus A is regarded as the immediate, short-term benefit. In photosynthesizing leaves, CO2 diffusion from the air to the carboxylation site is hindered by several structural and biochemical barriers. CO2 diffusion from the intercellular air space to the chloroplast stroma is obstructed by the mesophyll resistance. The inverses is the mesophyll conductance (gm). Whether various plants realize an optimal gm, and how much investment is needed for a relevant gm, remain unsolved. SCOPE This review examines relationships among leaf construction costs (CC), leaf maintenance costs (MC) and gm in various plants under diverse growth conditions. Through a literature survey, we demonstrate a strong linear relationship between leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf CC. The overall correlation of CC vs. gm across plant phylogenetic groups is weak, but significant trends are evident within specific groups and/or environments. Investment in CC is necessary for an increase in LMA and mesophyll cell surface area (Smes). This allows the leaf to accommodate more chloroplasts, thus increasing A. However, increases in LMA and/or Smes often accompany other changes, such as cell wall thickening, which diminishes gm. Such factors that make the correlations of CC and gm elusive are identified. CONCLUSIONS For evaluation of the contribution of gm to recover CC, leaf life span is the key factor. The estimation of MC in relation to gm, especially in terms of costs required to regulate aquaporins, could be essential for efficient control of gm over the short term. Over the long term, costs are mainly reflected in CC, while benefits also include ultimate fitness attributes in terms of integrated carbon gain over the life of a leaf, plant survival and reproductive output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mizokami
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Riichi Oguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Midoricho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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11
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Chen S, Xu K, Kong D, Wu L, Chen Q, Ma X, Ma S, Li T, Xie Q, Liu H, Luo L. Ubiquitin ligase OsRINGzf1 regulates drought resistance by controlling the turnover of OsPIP2;1. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1743-1755. [PMID: 35587579 PMCID: PMC9398399 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Water is crucial for plant growth and survival. The transcellular water movement is facilitated by aquaporins (AQPs) that rapidly and reversibly modify water permeability. The abundance of AQPs is regulated by its synthesis, redistribution and degradation. However, the molecular mechanism of proteasomal degradation of AQPs remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a novel E3 ligase, OsRINGzf1, mediated the degradation of AQPs in rice. OsRINGzf1 is the candidate gene from a drought-related quantitative trait locus (QTL) on the long arm of chromosome 4 in rice (Oryza sativa) and encodes a Really Interesting New Gene (RING) zinc finger protein 1. OsRINGzf1 possesses the E3 ligase activity, ubiquitinates and mediates OsPIP2;1 degradation, thus reducing its protein abundance. The content of OsPIP2;1 protein was decreased in OsRINGzf1 overexpression (OE) plants. The degradation of OsPIP2;1 was inhibited by MG132. The OsRINGzf1 OE plants, with higher leaf-related water content (LRWC) and lower leaf water loss rate (LWLR), exhibited enhanced drought resistance, whereas the RNAi and knockout plants of OsRINGzf1 were more sensitive to drought. Together, our data demonstrate that OsRINGzf1 positively regulates drought resistance through promoting the degradation of OsPIP2;1 to enhance water retention capacity in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujun Chen
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Kai Xu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Deyan Kong
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Lunying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaosong Ma
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Siqi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Tianfei Li
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Lijun Luo
- College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghaiChina
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12
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Gössweiner-Mohr N, Siligan C, Pluhackova K, Umlandt L, Koefler S, Trajkovska N, Horner A. The Hidden Intricacies of Aquaporins: Remarkable Details in a Common Structural Scaffold. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202056. [PMID: 35802902 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evolution turned aquaporins (AQPs) into the most efficient facilitators of passive water flow through cell membranes at no expense of solute discrimination. In spite of a plethora of solved AQP structures, many structural details remain hidden. Here, by combining extensive sequence- and structural-based analysis of a unique set of 20 non-redundant high-resolution structures and molecular dynamics simulations of four representatives, key aspects of AQP stability, gating, selectivity, pore geometry, and oligomerization, with a potential impact on channel functionality, are identified. The general view of AQPs possessing a continuous open water pore is challenged and it is depicted that AQPs' selectivity is not exclusively shaped by pore-lining residues but also by the relative arrangement of transmembrane helices. Moreover, this analysis reveals that hydrophobic interactions constitute the main determinant of protein thermal stability. Finally, a numbering scheme of the conserved AQP scaffold is established, facilitating direct comparison of, for example, disease-causing mutations and prediction of potential structural consequences. Additionally, the results pave the way for the design of optimized AQP water channels to be utilized in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Siligan
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | - Kristyna Pluhackova
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science, University of Stuttgart, Cluster of Excellence EXC 2075, Universitätsstr. 32, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Linnea Umlandt
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | - Sabina Koefler
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | - Natasha Trajkovska
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | - Andreas Horner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstr. 40, Linz, 4020, Austria
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13
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Clarke VC, De Rosa A, Massey B, George AM, Evans JR, von Caemmerer S, Groszmann M. Mesophyll conductance is unaffected by expression of Arabidopsis PIP1 aquaporins in the plasmalemma of Nicotiana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3625-3636. [PMID: 35184158 PMCID: PMC9162178 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In plants with C3 photosynthesis, increasing the diffusion conductance for CO2 from the substomatal cavity to chloroplast stroma (mesophyll conductance) can improve the efficiencies of both CO2 assimilation and photosynthetic water use. In the diffusion pathway from substomatal cavity to chloroplast stroma, the plasmalemma and chloroplast envelope membranes impose a considerable barrier to CO2 diffusion, limiting photosynthetic efficiency. In an attempt to improve membrane permeability to CO2, and increase photosynthesis in tobacco, we generated transgenic lines in Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Petite Havana carrying either the Arabidopsis PIP1;2 (AtPIP1;2) or PIP1;4 (AtPIP1;4) gene driven by the constitutive dual 2x35S CMV promoter. From a collection of independent T0 transgenics, two T2 lines from each gene were characterized, with western blots confirming increased total aquaporin protein abundance in the AtPIP1;2 tobacco lines. Transient expression of AtPIP1;2-mGFP6 and AtPIP1;4-mGFP6 fusions in Nicotiana benthamiana identified that both AtPIP1;2 and AtPIP1;4 localize to the plasmalemma. Despite achieving ectopic production and correct localization, gas exchange measurements combined with carbon isotope discrimination measurements detected no increase in mesophyll conductance or CO2 assimilation rate in the tobacco lines expressing AtPIP. We discuss the complexities associated with trying to enhance gm through modified aquaporin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Clarke
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Annamaria De Rosa
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Baxter Massey
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Aleu Mani George
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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14
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The Effects of Rhizosphere Inoculation with Pseudomonas mandelii on Formation of Apoplast Barriers, HvPIP2 Aquaporins and Hydraulic Conductance of Barley. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050935. [PMID: 35630379 PMCID: PMC9147626 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas mandelii strain IB-Ki14 has recently been shown to strengthen the apoplastic barriers of salt-stressed plants, which prevents the entry of toxic sodium. It was of interest to find out whether the same effect manifests itself in the absence of salinity and how this affects the hydraulic conductivity of barley plants. Berberine staining confirmed that the bacterial treatment enhanced the deposition of lignin and suberin and formation of Casparian bands in the roots of barley plants. The calculation of hydraulic conductance by relating transpiration to leaf water potential showed that it did not decrease in bacteria-treated plants. We hypothesized that reduced apoplastic conductivity could be compensated by the higher conductivity of the water pathway across the membranes. This assumption was confirmed by the results of the immunolocalization of HvPIP2;5 aquaporins with specific antibodies, showing their increased abundance around the areas of the endodermis and exodermis of bacteria-treated plants. The immunolocalization with antibodies against auxins and abscisic acid revealed elevated levels of these hormones in the roots of plants treated with bacteria. This root accumulation of hormones is likely to be associated with the ability of Pseudomonas mandelii IB-Ki14 to synthesize these hormones. The involvement of abscisic acid in the control of aquaporin abundance and auxins—in the regulation of and formation of apoplast barriers—is discussed.
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15
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Ermakova M, Osborn H, Groszmann M, Bala S, Bowerman A, McGaughey S, Byrt C, Alonso-Cantabrana H, Tyerman S, Furbank RT, Sharwood RE, von Caemmerer S. Expression of a CO 2-permeable aquaporin enhances mesophyll conductance in the C 4 species Setaria viridis. eLife 2021; 10:70095. [PMID: 34842138 PMCID: PMC8648302 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental limitation of photosynthetic carbon fixation is the availability of CO2. In C4 plants, primary carboxylation occurs in mesophyll cytosol, and little is known about the role of CO2 diffusion in facilitating C4 photosynthesis. We have examined the expression, localization, and functional role of selected plasma membrane intrinsic aquaporins (PIPs) from Setaria italica (foxtail millet) and discovered that SiPIP2;7 is CO2-permeable. When ectopically expressed in mesophyll cells of Setaria viridis (green foxtail), SiPIP2;7 was localized to the plasma membrane and caused no marked changes in leaf biochemistry. Gas exchange and C18O16O discrimination measurements revealed that targeted expression of SiPIP2;7 enhanced the conductance to CO2 diffusion from the intercellular airspace to the mesophyll cytosol. Our results demonstrate that mesophyll conductance limits C4 photosynthesis at low pCO2 and that SiPIP2;7 is a functional CO2 permeable aquaporin that can improve CO2 diffusion at the airspace/mesophyll interface and enhance C4 photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ermakova
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australia
| | - Hannah Osborn
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael Groszmann
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australia
| | - Soumi Bala
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australia
| | - Andrew Bowerman
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australia
| | - Samantha McGaughey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australia
| | - Caitlin Byrt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australia
| | - Hugo Alonso-Cantabrana
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australia
| | - Steve Tyerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australia
| | - Robert E Sharwood
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australia.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, Australia
| | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australia
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16
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Venisse JS, Õunapuu-Pikas E, Dupont M, Gousset-Dupont A, Saadaoui M, Faize M, Chen S, Chen S, Petel G, Fumanal B, Roeckel-Drevet P, Sellin A, Label P. Genome-Wide Identification, Structure Characterization, and Expression Pattern Profiling of the Aquaporin Gene Family in Betula pendula. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7269. [PMID: 34298887 PMCID: PMC8304918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin water channels (AQPs) constitute a large family of transmembrane proteins present throughout all kingdoms of life. They play key roles in the flux of water and many solutes across the membranes. The AQP diversity, protein features, and biological functions of silver birch are still unknown. A genome analysis of Betula pendula identified 33 putative genes encoding full-length AQP sequences (BpeAQPs). They are grouped into five subfamilies, representing ten plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), eight tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), eight NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs), four X intrinsic proteins (XIPs), and three small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs). The BpeAQP gene structure is conserved within each subfamily, with exon numbers ranging from one to five. The predictions of the aromatic/arginine selectivity filter (ar/R), Froger's positions, specificity-determining positions, and 2D and 3D biochemical properties indicate noticeable transport specificities to various non-aqueous substrates between members and/or subfamilies. Nevertheless, overall, the BpePIPs display mostly hydrophilic ar/R selective filter and lining-pore residues, whereas the BpeTIP, BpeNIP, BpeSIP, and BpeXIP subfamilies mostly contain hydrophobic permeation signatures. Transcriptional expression analyses indicate that 23 BpeAQP genes are transcribed, including five organ-related expressions. Surprisingly, no significant transcriptional expression is monitored in leaves in response to cold stress (6 °C), although interesting trends can be distinguished and will be discussed, notably in relation to the plasticity of this pioneer species, B. pendula. The current study presents the first detailed genome-wide analysis of the AQP gene family in a Betulaceae species, and our results lay a foundation for a better understanding of the specific functions of the BpeAQP genes in the responses of the silver birch trees to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Stéphane Venisse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (A.G.-D.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (B.F.); (P.R.-D.)
| | - Eele Õunapuu-Pikas
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005 Tartu, Estonia; (E.Õ.-P.); (A.S.)
| | - Maxime Dupont
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (A.G.-D.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (B.F.); (P.R.-D.)
| | - Aurélie Gousset-Dupont
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (A.G.-D.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (B.F.); (P.R.-D.)
| | - Mouadh Saadaoui
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (A.G.-D.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (B.F.); (P.R.-D.)
- National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia (INAT), Crop Improvement Laboratory, INRAT, Tunis CP 1004, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Faize
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida 24000, Morocco;
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; (S.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; (S.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Gilles Petel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (A.G.-D.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (B.F.); (P.R.-D.)
| | - Boris Fumanal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (A.G.-D.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (B.F.); (P.R.-D.)
| | - Patricia Roeckel-Drevet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (A.G.-D.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (B.F.); (P.R.-D.)
| | - Arne Sellin
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 51005 Tartu, Estonia; (E.Õ.-P.); (A.S.)
| | - Philippe Label
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (M.D.); (A.G.-D.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (B.F.); (P.R.-D.)
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17
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Cui L, Zhang C, Li Z, Xian T, Wang L, Zhang Z, Zhu G, Peng X. Two plastidic glycolate/glycerate translocator 1 isoforms function together to transport photorespiratory glycolate and glycerate in rice chloroplasts. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2584-2599. [PMID: 33483723 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory pathway is highly compartmentalized. As such, metabolite shuttles between organelles are critical to ensure efficient photorespiratory carbon flux. Arabidopsis plastidic glycolate/glycerate translocator 1 (PLGG1) has been reported as a key chloroplastic glycolate/glycerate transporter. Two homologous genes, OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b, have been identified in the rice genome, although their distinct functions and relationships remain unknown. Herein, our analysis of exogenous expression in oocytes and yeast shows that both OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b have the ability to transport glycolate and glycerate. Furthermore, we demonstrate in planta that the perturbation of OsPLGG1a or OsPLGG1b expression leads to extensive accumulation of photorespiratory metabolites, especially glycolate and glycerate. Under ambient CO2 conditions, loss-of-function osplgg1a or osplgg1b mutant plants exhibited significant decreases in photosynthesis efficiency, starch accumulation, plant height, and crop productivity. These morphological defects were almost entirely recovered when the mutant plants were grown under elevated CO2 conditions. In contrast to osplgg1a, osplgg1b mutant alleles produced a mild photorespiratory phenotype and had reduced accumulation of photorespiratory metabolites. Subcellular localization analysis showed that OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b are located in the inner and outer membranes of the chloroplast envelope, respectively. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b have a direct interaction. Our results indicate that both OsPLGG1a and OsPLGG1b are chloroplastic glycolate/glycerate transporters required for photorespiratory metabolism and plant growth, and that they may function as a singular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tuxiu Xian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Shibasaka M, Horie T, Katsuhara M. Mechanisms Activating Latent Functions of PIP Aquaporin Water Channels via the Interaction between PIP1 and PIP2 Proteins. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:92-99. [PMID: 33169164 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant plasma membrane-type plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) aquaporins are classified into two groups, PIP1s and PIP2s. In this study, we focused on HvPIP1;2, a PIP1 in barley (Hordeum vulgare), to dissect the molecular mechanisms that evoke HvPIP1-mediated water transport. No HvPIP1;2 protein was localized to the plasma membrane when expressed alone in Xenopus laevis oocytes. By contrast, a chimeric HvPIP1;2 protein (HvPIP1;2_24NC), in which the N- and C-terminal regions were replaced with the corresponding regions from HvPIP2;4, was found to localize to the plasma membrane of oocytes. However, HvPIP1;2_24NC showed no water transport activity in swelling assays. These results suggested that the terminal regions of PIP2 proteins direct PIP proteins to the plasma membrane, but the relocalization of PIP1 proteins was not sufficient to PIP1s functionality as a water channel in a membrane. A single amino acid replacement of threonine by methionine in HvPIP2;4 (HvPIP2;4T229M) abolished water transport activity. Co-expression of HvPIP1;2_24NC either with HvPIP2;4_12NC or with HvPIP2;4TM_12NC, in which the N- and C-terminal regions were replaced with the corresponding regions of HvPIP1;2, increased the water transport activity in oocytes. These data provided evidence that the HvPIP1;2 molecule has own water transport activity and an interaction with the middle part of the HvPIP2;4 protein (except for the N- and C-termini) is required for HvPIP1;2 functionality as a water channel. This molecular mechanism could be applied to other PIP1s and PIP2s in addition to the known mechanism that the terminal regions of some PIP2s lead some PIP1s to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineo Shibasaka
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan
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19
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Li S, Fang L, Hegelund JN, Liu F. Elevated CO 2 Modulates Plant Hydraulic Conductance Through Regulation of PIPs Under Progressive Soil Drying in Tomato Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:666066. [PMID: 34168667 PMCID: PMC8218578 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.666066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations accompanied by abiotic stresses challenge food production worldwide. Elevated CO2 (e[CO2]) affects plant water relations via multiple mechanisms involving abscisic acid (ABA). Here, two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes, Ailsa Craig (AC) and its ABA-deficient mutant (flacca), were used to investigate the responses of plant hydraulic conductance to e[CO2] and drought stress. Results showed that e[CO2] decreased transpiration rate (E) increased plant water use efficiency only in AC, whereas it increased daily plant water consumption and osmotic adjustment in both genotypes. Compared to growth at ambient [CO2], AC leaf and root hydraulic conductance (K leaf and K root) decreased at e[CO2], which coincided with the transcriptional regulations of genes of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1), and these effects were attenuated in flacca during soil drying. Severe drought stress could override the effects of e[CO2] on plant water relation characteristics. In both genotypes, drought stress resulted in decreased E, K leaf, and K root accompanied by transcriptional responses of PIPs and OST1. However, under conditions combining e[CO2] and drought, some PIPs were not responsive to drought in AC, indicating that e[CO2] might disturb ABA-mediated drought responses. These results provide some new insights into mechanisms of plant hydraulic response to drought stress in a future CO2-enriched environment.
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20
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Versatile Roles of Aquaporins in Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249485. [PMID: 33322217 PMCID: PMC7763978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are universal membrane integrated water channel proteins that selectively and reversibly facilitate the movement of water, gases, metalloids, and other small neutral solutes across cellular membranes in living organisms. Compared with other organisms, plants have the largest number of AQP members with diverse characteristics, subcellular localizations and substrate permeabilities. AQPs play important roles in plant water relations, cell turgor pressure maintenance, the hydraulic regulation of roots and leaves, and in leaf transpiration, root water uptake, and plant responses to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. They are also required for plant growth and development. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the expression and roles of diverse AQPs in the growth and development of various vegetative and reproductive organs in plants. The functions of AQPs in the intracellular translocation of hydrogen peroxide are also discussed.
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Grondin A, Affortit P, Tranchant-Dubreuil C, de la Fuente-Cantó C, Mariac C, Gantet P, Vadez V, Vigouroux Y, Laplaze L. Aquaporins are main contributors to root hydraulic conductivity in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.]. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233481. [PMID: 33001997 PMCID: PMC7529256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet is a key cereal for food security in arid and semi-arid regions but its yield is increasingly threatened by water stress. Physiological mechanisms relating to conservation of soil water or increased water use efficiency can alleviate that stress. Aquaporins (AQP) are water channels that mediate root water transport, thereby influencing plant hydraulics, transpiration and soil water conservation. However, AQP remain largely uncharacterized in pearl millet. Here, we studied AQP function in root water transport in two pearl millet lines contrasting for water use efficiency (WUE). We observed that these lines also contrasted for root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) and AQP contribution to Lpr. The line with lower WUE showed significantly higher AQP contribution to Lpr. To investigate AQP isoforms contributing to Lpr, we developed genomic approaches to first identify the entire AQP family in pearl millet and secondly, characterize the plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP) gene expression profile. We identified and annotated 33 AQP genes in pearl millet, among which ten encoded PIP isoforms. PgPIP1-3 and PgPIP1-4 were significantly more expressed in the line showing lower WUE, higher Lpr and higher AQP contribution to Lpr. Overall, our study suggests that the PIP1 AQP family are the main regulators of Lpr in pearl millet and may possibly be associated with mechanisms associated to whole plant water use. This study paves the way for further investigations on AQP functions in pearl millet hydraulics and adaptation to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Grondin
- UMR DIADE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, Dakar, Senegal
- Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, Thiès, Senegal
- * E-mail:
| | - Pablo Affortit
- UMR DIADE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Cédric Mariac
- UMR DIADE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Gantet
- UMR DIADE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Vadez
- UMR DIADE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Yves Vigouroux
- UMR DIADE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- UMR DIADE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux, Dakar, Senegal
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Sugiura D, Terashima I, Evans JR. A Decrease in Mesophyll Conductance by Cell-Wall Thickening Contributes to Photosynthetic Downregulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1600-1611. [PMID: 32518201 PMCID: PMC7401118 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It has been argued that accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates triggers a decrease in Rubisco content, which downregulates photosynthesis. However, a decrease in the sink-source ratio in several plant species leads to a decrease in photosynthesis and increases in both structural and nonstructural carbohydrate content. Here, we tested whether increases in cell-wall materials, rather than starch content, impact directly on photosynthesis by decreasing mesophyll conductance. We measured various morphological, anatomical, and physiological traits in primary leaves of soybean (Glycine max) and French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown under high- or low-nitrogen conditions. We removed other leaves 2 weeks after sowing to decrease the sink-source ratio and conducted measurements 0, 1, and 2 weeks after defoliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sugiura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - John R Evans
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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Liu S, Fukumoto T, Gena P, Feng P, Sun Q, Li Q, Matsumoto T, Kaneko T, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhong S, Zeng W, Katsuhara M, Kitagawa Y, Wang A, Calamita G, Ding X. Ectopic expression of a rice plasma membrane intrinsic protein (OsPIP1;3) promotes plant growth and water uptake. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:779-796. [PMID: 31872463 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are known to be major facilitators of the movement of a number of substrates across cell membranes. From a drought-resistant cultivar of Oryza sativa (rice), we isolated an OsPIP1;3 gene single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that is mostly expressed in rice roots and is strongly responsive to drought stress. Immunocytochemistry showed that OsPIP1;3 majorly accumulated on the proximal end of the endodermis and the cell surface around the xylem. Expression of GFP-OsPIP1;3 alone in Xenopus oocytes or rice protoplasts showed OsPIP1;3 mislocalization in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-like neighborhood, whereas co-expression of OsPIP2;2 recruited OsPIP1;3 to the plasma membrane and led to a significant enhancement of water permeability in oocytes. Moreover, reconstitution of 10×His-OsPIP1;3 in liposomes demonstrated water channel activity, as revealed by stopped-flow light scattering. Intriguingly, by patch-clamp technique, we detected significant NO3- conductance of OsPIP1;3 in mammalian cells. To investigate the physiological functions of OsPIP1;3, we ectopically expressed the OsPIP1;3 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana (tobacco). The transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher photosynthesis rates, root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr ) and water-use efficiency, resulting in a greater biomass and a higher resistance to water deficit than the wild-type did. Further experiments suggested that heterologous expression of OsPIP1;3 in cyanobacterium altered bacterial growth under different conditions of CO2 gas supply. Overall, besides shedding light on the multiple functions played by OsPIP1;3, this work provides insights into the translational value of plant AQPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tatsuya Fukumoto
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Patrizia Gena
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Peng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tadashi Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kaneko
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shihua Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Weizhong Zeng
- Department of Biophysics, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Aoxue Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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24
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Kromdijk J, Głowacka K, Long SP. Photosynthetic efficiency and mesophyll conductance are unaffected in Arabidopsis thaliana aquaporin knock-out lines. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:318-329. [PMID: 31731291 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving photosynthetic efficiency is widely regarded as a major route to achieving much-needed yield gains in crop plants. In plants with C3 photosynthesis, increasing the diffusion conductance for CO2 transfer from substomatal cavity to chloroplast stroma (gm) could help to improve the efficiencies of CO2 assimilation and photosynthetic water use in parallel. The diffusion pathway from substomatal cavity to chloroplast traverses cell wall, plasma membrane, cytosol, chloroplast envelope membranes, and chloroplast stroma. Specific membrane intrinsic proteins of the aquaporin family can facilitate CO2 diffusion across membranes. Some of these aquaporins, such as PIP1;2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, have been suggested to exert control over gm and the magnitude of the CO2 assimilation flux, but the evidence for a direct physiological role of aquaporins in determining gm is limited. Here, we estimated gm with four different methods under a range of light intensities and CO2 concentrations in two previously characterized pip1;2 knock-out lines as well as pip1;3 and pip2;6 knock-out lines, which have not been previously evaluated for a role in gm. This study presents the most in-depth analysis of gm in Arabidopsis aquaporin knock-out mutants to date. Surprisingly, all methods failed to show any significant differences between the pip1;2, pip1;3, or pip2;6 mutants and the Col-0 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kromdijk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing street, Cambridge, UK
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Katarzyna Głowacka
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N246 Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Stephen P Long
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
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Zhu K, Yuan F, Wang A, Yang H, Guan D, Jin C, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wu J. Effects of soil rewatering on mesophyll and stomatal conductance and the associated mechanisms involving leaf anatomy and some physiological activities in Manchurian ash and Mongolian oak in the Changbai Mountains. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:22-34. [PMID: 31550610 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recoveries of mesophyll (gm) and stomatal conductance to CO2 (gsc) after soil rewatering have received considerable attention in recent years, but the recovery mechanisms involving leaf anatomy and physiological activities are poorly understood. Moreover, it is also unclear whether leaf gas-phase conductance (gias) or liquid-phase conductance (gliq) is the main factor promoting gm recovery. By simultaneously using gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, we measured the recoveries of gm and gsc in saplings of Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.) and Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fish. ex Ledeb) exposed to two initial water stress (medium water stress, MW, and severe water stress, SW) and following rewatering. Furthermore, leaf anatomical characteristics and the activities of aquaporin (AQP) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) were measured to explain the mechanisms of gm and gsc recoveries. The results showed that (i) both gm and gsc were partly recovered after rewatering, and the recoveries decreased with initial water stress in both species. (ii) The gm recovery was much greater in Mongolian oak than in Manchurian ash, while the gsc recovery was much greater in Manchurian ash. Consequently, the photosynthesis recovery in Manchurian ash was mostly affected by gsc recovery, while that in Mongolian oak was mostly affected by gm recovery. (iii) The gm recovery mainly resulted from the great increase in leaf gliq after rewatering rather than that in gias, as gias had a negative effect on gm recovery. The stomatal opening status improved after rewatering, as the stomatal pore size (SS) increased, greatly promoting gsc recovery. In addition, the activities of both AQP and CA increased after rewatering, which improved CO2 transmembrane transports and greatly promoted gm and gsc recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fenghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Anzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dexin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Changjie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yushu Zhang
- The Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
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26
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Mizokami Y, Sugiura D, Watanabe CKA, Betsuyaku E, Inada N, Terashima I. Elevated CO2-induced changes in mesophyll conductance and anatomical traits in wild type and carbohydrate-metabolism mutants of Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4807-4818. [PMID: 31056658 PMCID: PMC6760322 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Decreases in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance (gs), and mesophyll conductance (gm) are often observed under elevated CO2 conditions. However, which anatomical and/or physiological factors contribute to the decrease in gm is not fully understood. Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and carbon-metabolism mutants (gwd1, pgm1, and cfbp1) with different accumulation patterns of non-structural carbohydrates were grown at ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) CO2. Anatomical and physiological traits of leaves were measured to investigate factors causing the changes in gm and in the mesophyll resistance (expressed as the reciprocal of mesophyll conductance per unit chloroplast surface area facing to intercellular space, Sc/gm). When grown at elevated CO2, all the lines showed increases in cell wall mass, cell wall thickness, and starch content, but not in leaf thickness. gm measured at 800 ppm CO2 was significantly lower than at 400 ppm CO2 in all the lines. Changes in Sc/gm were associated with thicker cell walls rather than with excess starch content. The results indicate that the changes in gm and Sc/gm that occur in response to elevated CO2 are independent of non-structural carbohydrates, and the cell wall represents a greater limitation factor for gm than starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mizokami
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Aix Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chihiro K A Watanabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Betsuyaku
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriko Inada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Shrestha A, Song X, Barbour MM. The temperature response of mesophyll conductance, and its component conductances, varies between species and genotypes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:65-82. [PMID: 30771063 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The temperature response of mesophyll conductance to CO2 diffusion (gm) has been shown to vary considerably between species but remains poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that increases in chloroplast surface area with increasing temperature, due to the formation of chloroplast protrusions, caused observed positive responses of gm to temperature. We found no evidence of chloroplast protrusions. Using simultaneous measurements of carbon and oxygen isotope discrimination during photosynthesis to separate total gm (gm13) into cell wall and plasma membrane conductance (gm18) and chloroplast membrane conductance (gcm) components, we explored the temperature response in genotypes of soybean and barley, and sunflower plants grown at differing CO2 concentrations. Differences in the temperature sensitivity of gm18 were found between genotypes and between plants grown at differing CO2 concentration but did not relate to measured anatomical features such as chloroplast surface area or cell wall thickness. The closest fit of modelled gm13 to estimated values was found when cell wall thickness was allowed to decline at higher temperatures and transpiration rates, but it remains to be tested if this decline is realistic. The temperature response of gcm (calculated from the difference between 1/gm13 and 1/gm18) varied between barley genotypes, and was best fitted by an optimal response in sunflower. Taken together, these results indicate that gm is a highly complex trait with unpredictable sensitivity to temperature that varies between species, between genotypes within a single species, with growth environment, between replicate leaves, and even with age for an individual leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjina Shrestha
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Xin Song
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW, 2570, Australia
- School of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Margaret M Barbour
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Road, Brownlow Hill, NSW, 2570, Australia.
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Ding L, Uehlein N, Kaldenhoff R, Guo S, Zhu Y, Kai L. Aquaporin PIP2;1 affects water transport and root growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:152-160. [PMID: 30889480 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are key proteins in regulating water transport, plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the function of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) in both yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare). Three OsPIP1s (OsPIP1;1, OsPIP1;2 and OsPIP1;3) and four OsPIP2s (OsPIP2;1, OsPIP2;3, OsPIP2;4 and OsPIP2;5) were successfully amplified and expressed in yeast. Overexpression of OsPIP2s, especially OsPIP2;1, increased yeast membrane water permeability (Pf). Root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) was decreased by approximately four-fold in OsPIP2; 1 RNAi knock-down plants, resulting in a decrease in OsPIP2;1 expression levels of 70% and 50% in line 3 and line 4, respectively, compared to the wild type (WT) plants. No significant differences in the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, mesophyll conductance and chloroplast CO2 concentration were observed between WT and OsPIP2; 1 RNAi plants. Higher stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentrations were observed in line 3 plants than in WT plants. In addition, lower root total length, surface area, root volume and fewer root tips were found in the RNAi plants than in the WT plants. Finally, the RNAi plants were more sensitive to drought stress. The results indicate that PIP2; 1 plays an important role in the regulation of water transport and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Norbert Uehlein
- Department of Biology, Applied Plant Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahn Strasse 10, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ralf Kaldenhoff
- Department of Biology, Applied Plant Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahn Strasse 10, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lei Kai
- Department of Biology, Applied Plant Sciences, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahn Strasse 10, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany; The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
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29
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Mizokami Y, Noguchi K, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Terashima I. Effects of instantaneous and growth CO 2 levels and abscisic acid on stomatal and mesophyll conductances. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1257-1269. [PMID: 30468514 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
C3 photosynthesis is often limited by CO2 diffusivity or stomatal (gs ) and mesophyll (gm ) conductances. To characterize effects of stomatal closure induced by either high CO2 or abscisic acid (ABA) application on gm , we examined gs and gm in the wild type (Col-0) and ost1 and slac1-2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana grown at 390 or 780 μmol mol-1 CO2 . Stomata of these mutants were reported to be insensitive to both high CO2 and ABA. When the ambient CO2 increased instantaneously, gm decreased in all these plants, whereas gs in ost1 and slac1-2 was unchanged. Therefore, the decrease in gm in response to high CO2 occurred irrespective of the responses of gs . gm was mainly determined by the instantaneous CO2 concentration during the measurement and not markedly by the CO2 concentration during the growth. Exogenous application of ABA to Col-0 caused the decrease in the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ). With the decrease in Ci , gm did not increase but decreased, indicating that the response of gm to CO2 and that to ABA are differently regulated and that ABA content in the leaves plays an important role in the regulation of gm .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mizokami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Xu F, Wang K, Yuan W, Xu W, Liu S, Kronzucker HJ, Chen G, Miao R, Zhang M, Ding M, Xiao L, Kai L, Zhang J, Zhu Y. Overexpression of rice aquaporin OsPIP1;2 improves yield by enhancing mesophyll CO2 conductance and phloem sucrose transport. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:671-681. [PMID: 30535321 PMCID: PMC6322580 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are involved in CO2 transport from the leaf intercellular air space to the chloroplast, which contributes to CO2 assimilation. However, the mechanism of CO2 transport by rice (Oryza sativa L.) aquaporins is unknown. Here, we investigated the function of the aquaporin OsPIP1;2 in CO2 diffusion-associated photosynthesis and phloem sucrose transport. Moreover, the grain yield of rice lines overexpressing OsPIP1;2 was determined. OsPIP1;2 was localized to the plasma membrane and the relative expression of OsPIP1;2 was approximately 5-fold higher in leaves in the presence of an elevated CO2 concentration. Overexpression of OsPIP1;2 increased mesophyll conductance by approximately 150% compared with wild-type (WT) rice. The OsPIP1;2-overexpressing lines had higher biomass than the WT, possibly due to increased phloem sucrose transport. In addition, the grain yield of OsPIP1;2-overexpressing lines was approximately 25% higher than that of the WT in three-season field experiments, due to the increased numbers of effective tillers and spikelets per panicle. Our results suggest that OsPIP1;2 modulates rice growth and grain yield by facilitating leaf CO2 diffusion, which increases both the net CO2 assimilation rate and sucrose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyun Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences and Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Life Sciences and Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Guanglei Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Miao
- College of Life Sciences and Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maoxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Kai
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, and the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Tõldsepp K, Zhang J, Takahashi Y, Sindarovska Y, Hõrak H, Ceciliato PHO, Koolmeister K, Wang YS, Vaahtera L, Jakobson L, Yeh CY, Park J, Brosche M, Kollist H, Schroeder JI. Mitogen-activated protein kinases MPK4 and MPK12 are key components mediating CO 2 -induced stomatal movements. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:1018-1035. [PMID: 30203878 PMCID: PMC6261798 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Respiration in leaves and the continued elevation in the atmospheric CO2 concentration cause CO2 -mediated reduction in stomatal pore apertures. Several mutants have been isolated for which stomatal responses to both abscisic acid (ABA) and CO2 are simultaneously defective. However, there are only few mutations that impair the stomatal response to elevated CO2 , but not to ABA. Such mutants are invaluable in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of early CO2 signal transduction in guard cells. Recently, mutations in the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, MPK12, have been shown to partially impair CO2 -induced stomatal closure. Here, we show that mpk12 plants, in which MPK4 is stably silenced specifically in guard cells (mpk12 mpk4GC homozygous double-mutants), completely lack CO2 -induced stomatal responses and have impaired activation of guard cell S-type anion channels in response to elevated CO2 /bicarbonate. However, ABA-induced stomatal closure, S-type anion channel activation and ABA-induced marker gene expression remain intact in the mpk12 mpk4GC double-mutants. These findings suggest that MPK12 and MPK4 act very early in CO2 signaling, upstream of, or parallel to the convergence of CO2 and ABA signal transduction. The activities of MPK4 and MPK12 protein kinases were not directly modulated by CO2 /bicarbonate in vitro, suggesting that they are not direct CO2 /bicarbonate sensors. Further data indicate that MPK4 and MPK12 have distinguishable roles in Arabidopsis and that the previously suggested role of RHC1 in stomatal CO2 signaling is minor, whereas MPK4 and MPK12 act as key components of early stomatal CO2 signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Tõldsepp
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Yana Sindarovska
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Hanna Hõrak
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Paulo H O Ceciliato
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | | | - Yuh-Shuh Wang
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Lauri Vaahtera
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Liina Jakobson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Chung-Yueh Yeh
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Mikael Brosche
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
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Xiong D, Flexas J. Leaf economics spectrum in rice: leaf anatomical, biochemical, and physiological trait trade-offs. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5599-5609. [PMID: 30189099 PMCID: PMC6255696 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The leaf economics spectrum (LES) is an ecophysiological concept describing the trade-offs of leaf structural and physiological traits, and has been widely investigated on multiple scales. However, the effects of the breeding process on the LES in crops, as well as the mechanisms of the trait trade-offs underlying the LES, have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this study, a dataset that included leaf anatomical, biochemical, and functional traits was constructed to evaluate the trait covariations and trade-offs in domesticated species, namely rice (Oryza species). The slopes and intercepts of the major bivariate correlations of the leaf traits in rice were significantly different from the global LES dataset (Glopnet), which is based on multiple non-crop species in natural ecosystems, although the general patterns were similar. The photosynthetic traits responded differently to leaf structural and biochemical changes, and mesophyll conductance was the most sensitive to leaf nitrogen (N) status. A further analysis revealed that the relative limitation of mesophyll conductance declined with leaf N content; however, the limitation of the biochemistry increased relative to leaf N content. These findings indicate that breeding selection and high-resource agricultural environments lead crops to deviate from the leaf trait covariation in wild species, and future breeding to increase the photosynthesis of rice should primarily focus on improvement of the efficiency of photosynthetic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiong
- MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, University of Sydney, Brownlow Hill, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean conditions, Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA)–Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
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Xiong D, Flexas J. Leaf economics spectrum in rice: leaf anatomical, biochemical, and physiological trait trade-offs. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018. [PMID: 30189099 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.6060q21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The leaf economics spectrum (LES) is an ecophysiological concept describing the trade-offs of leaf structural and physiological traits, and has been widely investigated on multiple scales. However, the effects of the breeding process on the LES in crops, as well as the mechanisms of the trait trade-offs underlying the LES, have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this study, a dataset that included leaf anatomical, biochemical, and functional traits was constructed to evaluate the trait covariations and trade-offs in domesticated species, namely rice (Oryza species). The slopes and intercepts of the major bivariate correlations of the leaf traits in rice were significantly different from the global LES dataset (Glopnet), which is based on multiple non-crop species in natural ecosystems, although the general patterns were similar. The photosynthetic traits responded differently to leaf structural and biochemical changes, and mesophyll conductance was the most sensitive to leaf nitrogen (N) status. A further analysis revealed that the relative limitation of mesophyll conductance declined with leaf N content; however, the limitation of the biochemistry increased relative to leaf N content. These findings indicate that breeding selection and high-resource agricultural environments lead crops to deviate from the leaf trait covariation in wild species, and future breeding to increase the photosynthesis of rice should primarily focus on improvement of the efficiency of photosynthetic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiong
- MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, University of Sydney, Brownlow Hill, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean conditions, Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA)-Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
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Pawłowicz I, Masajada K. Aquaporins as a link between water relations and photosynthetic pathway in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Gene 2018; 687:166-172. [PMID: 30445023 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plant aquaporins constitute a large family of proteins involved in facilitating the transport of water and small neutral molecules across biological membranes. In higher plants they are divided into several sub-families, depending on membrane-type localization and permeability to specific solutes. They are abundantly expressed in the majority of plant organs and tissues, and play a function in primary biological processes. Many studies revealed the significant role of aquaporins in acquiring abiotic stresses' tolerance. This review focuses on aquaporins belonging to PIPs sub-family that are permeable to water and/or carbon dioxide. Isoforms transporting water are involved in hydraulic conductance regulation in the leaves and roots, whereas those transporting carbon dioxide control stomatal and mesophyll conductance in the leaves. Changes in PIP aquaporins abundance/activity in stress conditions allow to maintain the water balance and photosynthesis adjustment. Broad analyses showed that tight control between water and carbon dioxide supplementation mediated by aquaporins influences plant productivity, especially in stress conditions. Involvement of aquaporins in adaptation strategies to dehydrative stresses in different plant species are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Pawłowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Masajada
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
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Cooperativity in Plant Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Proteins (PIPs): Mechanism of Increased Water Transport in Maize PIP1 Channels in Hetero-tetramers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12055. [PMID: 30104609 PMCID: PMC6089885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant aquaporins (AQPs) play vital roles in several physiological processes. Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) belong to the subfamily of plant AQPs. They are further subdivided into two closely related subgroups PIP1s and PIP2s. While PIP2 members are efficient water channels, PIP1s from some plant species have been shown to be functionally inactive. Aquaporins form tetramers under physiological conditions. PIP2s can enhance the water transport of PIP1s when they form hetero-tetramers. However, the role of monomer-monomer interface and the significance of specific residues in enhancing the water permeation of PIP1s have not been investigated at atomic level. We have performed all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of homo-tetramers and four different hetero-tetramers containing ZmPIP1;2 and ZmPIP2;5 from Zea mays. ZmPIP1;2 in a tetramer assembly will have two interfaces, one formed by transmembrane segments TM4 and TM5 and the other formed by TM1 and TM2. We have analyzed channel radius profiles, water transport and potential of mean force profiles of ZmPIP1;2 monomers. Results of MD simulations clearly revealed the influence of TM4-TM5 interface in modulating the water transport of ZmPIP1;2. MD simulations indicate the importance of I93 residue from the TM2 segment of ZmPIP2;5 for the increased water transport in ZmPIP1;2.
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Vajpai M, Mukherjee M, Sankararamakrishnan R. Cooperativity in Plant Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Proteins (PIPs): Mechanism of Increased Water Transport in Maize PIP1 Channels in Hetero-tetramers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12055. [PMID: 30104609 DOI: 10.1101/239780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant aquaporins (AQPs) play vital roles in several physiological processes. Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) belong to the subfamily of plant AQPs. They are further subdivided into two closely related subgroups PIP1s and PIP2s. While PIP2 members are efficient water channels, PIP1s from some plant species have been shown to be functionally inactive. Aquaporins form tetramers under physiological conditions. PIP2s can enhance the water transport of PIP1s when they form hetero-tetramers. However, the role of monomer-monomer interface and the significance of specific residues in enhancing the water permeation of PIP1s have not been investigated at atomic level. We have performed all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of homo-tetramers and four different hetero-tetramers containing ZmPIP1;2 and ZmPIP2;5 from Zea mays. ZmPIP1;2 in a tetramer assembly will have two interfaces, one formed by transmembrane segments TM4 and TM5 and the other formed by TM1 and TM2. We have analyzed channel radius profiles, water transport and potential of mean force profiles of ZmPIP1;2 monomers. Results of MD simulations clearly revealed the influence of TM4-TM5 interface in modulating the water transport of ZmPIP1;2. MD simulations indicate the importance of I93 residue from the TM2 segment of ZmPIP2;5 for the increased water transport in ZmPIP1;2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Vajpai
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Mishtu Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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Bunce J. Three Methods of Estimating Mesophyll Conductance Agree Regarding its CO₂ Sensitivity in the Rubisco-Limited C i Range. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 7:E62. [PMID: 30081586 PMCID: PMC6161170 DOI: 10.3390/plants7030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Whether the mesophyll conductance to CO₂ movement (gm) within leaves of C₃ plants changes with CO₂ concentration remains a matter of debate, particularly at low CO₂ concentrations. We tested for changes in gm over the range of sub-stomatal CO₂ concentrations (Ci) for which Rubisco activity limited photosynthesis (A) in three plant species grown under the same conditions. Mesophyll conductance was estimated by three independent methods: the oxygen sensitivity of photosynthesis, variable J fluorescence combined with gas exchange, and the curvature of the Rubisco-limited A vs. Ci curve. The latter assay used a new method of rapidly obtaining data points at approximately every 3 μmol mol-1 for Rubisco-limited A vs. Ci curves, allowing separate estimates of curvature over limited Ci ranges. In two species, soybean and sunflower, no change in gm with Ci was detected using any of the three methods of estimating gm. In common bean measured under the same conditions as the other species, all three methods indicated large decreases in gm with increasing Ci. Therefore, change in gm with Ci in the Rubsico-limited region of A vs. Ci curves depended on the species, but not on the method of estimating gm.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Bunce
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Lab and PP Systems, USDA-ARS, Haverhill, MA 01913, USA.
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Tan X, Xu H, Khan S, Equiza MA, Lee SH, Vaziriyeganeh M, Zwiazek JJ. Plant water transport and aquaporins in oxygen-deprived environments. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 227:20-30. [PMID: 29779706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation commonly affects plants exposed to flooding and soil compaction. The resulting root hypoxia has an immediate effect on plant water relations and upsets water balance. Hypoxia inhibits root water transport and triggers stomatal closure. The processes contributing to the inhibition of root hydraulic conductivity and conductance (hydraulic conductivity of the whole root system) are complex and involve changes in root morphology and the functions of aquaporins. Aquaporins (AQPs) comprise a group of membrane intrinsic proteins that are responsible for the transport of water, as well as some small neutral solutes and ions. They respond to a wide range of environmental stresses including O2 deprivation, but the underlying functional mechanisms are still elusive. The aquaporin-mediated water transport is affected by the acidification of the cytoplasm and depletion of ATP that is required for aquaporin phosphorylation and membrane functions. Cytoplasmic pH, phosphorylation, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration directly control AQP gating, all of which are related to O2 deprivation. This review addresses the structural determinants that are essential for pore conformational changes in AQPs, to highlight the underlying mechanisms triggered by O2 deprivation stress. Gene expression of AQPs is modified in hypoxic plants, which may constitute an important, yet little explored, mechanism of hypoxia tolerance. In addition to water transport, AQPs may contribute to hypoxia tolerance by transporting O2, H2O2, and lactic acid. Responses of plants to O2 deprivation, and especially those that contribute to maintenance of water transport, are highly complex and entail the signals originating in roots and shoots that lead to and follow the stomatal closure. These complex responses may involve ethylene, abscisic acid, and possibly other hormonal factors and signaling molecules in ways that remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Tan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Hao Xu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Shanjida Khan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Maria A Equiza
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Seong H Lee
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Maryamsadat Vaziriyeganeh
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada.
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Wang X, Wang W, Huang J, Peng S, Xiong D. Diffusional conductance to CO 2 is the key limitation to photosynthesis in salt-stressed leaves of rice (Oryza sativa). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:45-58. [PMID: 29055043 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Salinity significantly limits leaf photosynthesis but the factors causing the limitation in salt-stressed leaves remain unclear. In the present work, photosynthetic and biochemical traits were investigated in four rice genotypes under two NaCl concentration (0 and 150 mM) to assess the stomatal, mesophyll and biochemical contributions to reduced photosynthetic rate (A) in salt-stressed leaves. Our results indicated that salinity led to a decrease in A, leaf osmotic potential, electron transport rate and CO2 concentrations in the chloroplasts (Cc ) of rice leaves. Decreased A in salt-stressed leaves was mainly attributable to low Cc , which was determined by stomatal and mesophyll conductance. The increased stomatal limitation was mainly related to the low leaf osmotic potential caused by soil salinity. However, the increased mesophyll limitation in salt-stressed leaves was related to both osmotic stress and ion stress. These findings highlight the importance of considering mesophyll conductance when developing salinity-tolerant rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wencheng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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Laloux T, Junqueira B, Maistriaux LC, Ahmed J, Jurkiewicz A, Chaumont F. Plant and Mammal Aquaporins: Same but Different. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E521. [PMID: 29419811 PMCID: PMC5855743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) constitute an ancient and diverse protein family present in all living organisms, indicating a common ancient ancestor. However, during evolution, these organisms appear and evolve differently, leading to different cell organizations and physiological processes. Amongst the eukaryotes, an important distinction between plants and animals is evident, the most conspicuous difference being that plants are sessile organisms facing ever-changing environmental conditions. In addition, plants are mostly autotrophic, being able to synthesize carbohydrates molecules from the carbon dioxide in the air during the process of photosynthesis, using sunlight as an energy source. It is therefore interesting to analyze how, in these different contexts specific to both kingdoms of life, AQP function and regulation evolved. This review aims at highlighting similarities and differences between plant and mammal AQPs. Emphasis is given to the comparison of isoform numbers, their substrate selectivity, the regulation of the subcellular localization, and the channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Laloux
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Bruna Junqueira
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Laurie C Maistriaux
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Jahed Ahmed
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Agnieszka Jurkiewicz
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - François Chaumont
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
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Gao L, Lu Z, Ding L, Guo J, Wang M, Ling N, Guo S, Shen Q. Role of Aquaporins in Determining Carbon and Nitrogen Status in Higher Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E35. [PMID: 29342938 PMCID: PMC5795985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins facilitating the transport of water and some small neutral molecules across cell membranes. In past years, much effort has been made to reveal the location of AQPs as well as their function in water transport, photosynthetic processes, and stress responses in higher plants. In the present review, we paid attention to the character of AQPs in determining carbon and nitrogen status. The role of AQPs during photosynthesis is characterized as its function in transporting water and CO₂ across the membrane of chloroplast and thylakoid; recalculated results from published studies showed that over-expression of AQPs contributed to 25% and 50% increases in stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm), respectively. The nitrogen status in plants is regulated by AQPs through their effect on water flow as well as urea and NH₄⁺ uptake, and the potential role of AQPs in alleviating ammonium toxicity is discussed. At the same time, root and/or shoot AQP expression is quite dependent on both N supply amounts and forms. Future research directions concerning the function of AQPs in regulating plant carbon and nitrogen status as well as C/N balance are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lei Ding
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium.
| | - Junjie Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ning Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Flexas J, Cano FJ, Carriquí M, Coopman RE, Mizokami Y, Tholen D, Xiong D. CO2 Diffusion Inside Photosynthetic Organs. THE LEAF: A PLATFORM FOR PERFORMING PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93594-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Urban L, Aarrouf J, Bidel LPR. Assessing the Effects of Water Deficit on Photosynthesis Using Parameters Derived from Measurements of Leaf Gas Exchange and of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2068. [PMID: 29312367 PMCID: PMC5735977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit (WD) is expected to increase in intensity, frequency and duration in many parts of the world as a consequence of global change, with potential negative effects on plant gas exchange and growth. We review here the parameters that can be derived from measurements made on leaves, in the field, and that can be used to assess the effects of WD on the components of plant photosynthetic rate, including stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, photosynthetic capacity, light absorbance, and efficiency of absorbed light conversion into photosynthetic electron transport. We also review some of the parameters related to dissipation of excess energy and to rerouting of electron fluxes. Our focus is mainly on the techniques of gas exchange measurements and of measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF), either alone or combined. But we put also emphasis on some of the parameters derived from analysis of the induction phase of maximal ChlF, notably because they could be used to assess damage to photosystem II. Eventually we briefly present the non-destructive methods based on the ChlF excitation ratio method which can be used to evaluate non-destructively leaf contents in anthocyanins and flavonols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Urban
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Jawad Aarrouf
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
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Are Aquaporins (AQPs) the Gateway that Conduits Nutrients, Persistent Organic Pollutants and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) into Plants? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40362-017-0045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sutka M, Amodeo G, Ozu M. Plant and animal aquaporins crosstalk: what can be revealed from distinct perspectives. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:545-562. [PMID: 28871493 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) can be revisited from a distinct and complementary perspective: the outcome from analyzing them from both plant and animal studies. (1) The approach in the study. Diversity found in both kingdoms contrasts with the limited number of crystal structures determined within each group. While the structure of almost half of mammal AQPs was resolved, only a few were resolved in plants. Strikingly, the animal structures resolved are mainly derived from the AQP2-lineage, due to their important roles in water homeostasis regulation in humans. The difference could be attributed to the approach: relevance in animal research is emphasized on pathology and in consequence drug screening that can lead to potential inhibitors, enhancers and/or regulators. By contrast, studies on plants have been mainly focused on the physiological role that AQPs play in growth, development and stress tolerance. (2) The transport capacity. Besides the well-described AQPs with high water transport capacity, large amount of evidence confirms that certain plant AQPs can carry a large list of small solutes. So far, animal AQP list is more restricted. In both kingdoms, there is a great amount of evidence on gas transport, although there is still an unsolved controversy around gas translocation as well as the role of the central pore of the tetramer. (3) More roles than expected. We found it remarkable that the view of AQPs as specific channels has evolved first toward simple transporters to molecules that can experience conformational changes triggered by biochemical and/or mechanical signals, turning them also into signaling components and/or behave as osmosensor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Sutka
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Ozu
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abiotic stresses influence the transcript abundance of PIP and TIP aquaporins in Festuca species. J Appl Genet 2017; 58:421-435. [PMID: 28779288 PMCID: PMC5655603 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-017-0403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Festuca arundinacea and F. pratensis are the models in forage grasses to recognize the molecular basis of drought, salt and frost tolerance, respectively. Transcription profiles of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) aquaporin genes were obtained for leaves of Festuca species treated with different abiotic stimuli. F. arundinacea plants were exposed to drought and salt stress, whereas F. pratensis plants were cold-hardened. Changes in genes expression measured with use of real time qRT-PCR method were compared between two genotypes characterized with a significantly different level of each stress tolerance. Under drought the transcript level of PIP1;2 and TIP1;1 aquaporin decreased in both analyzed F. arundinacea genotypes, whereas for PIP2;1 only in a high drought tolerant plant. A salt treatment caused a reduction of PIP1;2 transcript level in a high salt tolerant genotype and an increase of TIP1;1 transcript abundance in both F. arundinacea genotypes, but it did not influence the expression of PIP2;1 aquaporin. During cold-hardening a decrease of PIP1;2, PIP2;1, and TIP1;1 aquaporin transcripts was observed, both in high and low frost tolerant genotypes. The obtained results revealed that the selected genotypes responded in a different way to abiotic stresses application. A reduced level of PIP1;2 transcript in F. arundinacea low drought tolerant genotype corresponded with a faster water loss and a lowering of photosynthesis efficiency and gas exchange during drought conditions. In F. pratensis, cold acclimation was associated with a lower level of aquaporin transcripts in both high and low frost tolerant genotypes. This is the first report on aquaporin transcriptional profiling under abiotic stress condition in forage grasses.
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Groszmann M, Osborn HL, Evans JR. Carbon dioxide and water transport through plant aquaporins. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:938-961. [PMID: 27739588 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are channel proteins that function to increase the permeability of biological membranes. In plants, aquaporins are encoded by multigene families that have undergone substantial diversification in land plants. The plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) subfamily of aquaporins is of particular interest given their potential to improve plant water relations and photosynthesis. Flowering plants have between 7 and 28 PIP genes. Their expression varies with tissue and cell type, through development and in response to a variety of factors, contributing to the dynamic and tissue specific control of permeability. There are a growing number of PIPs shown to act as water channels, but those altering membrane permeability to CO2 are more limited. The structural basis for selective substrate specificities has not yet been resolved, although a few key amino acid positions have been identified. Several regions important for dimerization, gating and trafficking are also known. PIP aquaporins assemble as tetramers and their properties depend on the monomeric composition. PIPs control water flux into and out of veins and stomatal guard cells and also increase membrane permeability to CO2 in mesophyll and stomatal guard cells. The latter increases the effectiveness of Rubisco and can potentially influence transpiration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groszmann
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hannah L Osborn
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Rhee J, Horie T, Sasano S, Nakahara Y, Katsuhara M. Identification of an H 2 O 2 permeable PIP aquaporin in barley and a serine residue promoting H 2 O 2 transport. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 159:120-128. [PMID: 27595571 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A barley (Hordeum vulgare) plasma membrane type aquaporin, HvPIP2;5, was identified as an H2 O2 permeable aquaporin among 21 barley and rice PIPs examined in the heterologous expression system using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Four TIPs were also detected as H2 O2 -transporting aquaporins among 15 barley and rice TIPs. Influx of H2 O2 into yeast cells expressing HvPIP2;5 was determined with a florescent-dye-based assay. Indirect immunofluorescence indicated that the expression of HvPIP2;5 protein was ubiquitous in root tissues, and was also weakly observed in leaf epidermal cells and cells in the vascular bundle. Point mutated variants of HvPIP2;5 were generated by the site-directed mutagenesis. Growth assays of yeast cells expressing these mutated HvPIP2;5 proteins suggested that Ser-126 in HvPIP2;5 has a large impact on H2 O2 transport with a minor influence on the HvPIP2;5-mediated water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Rhee
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Shizuka Sasano
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakahara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Maki Katsuhara
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
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Rao X, Dixon RA. The Differences between NAD-ME and NADP-ME Subtypes of C 4 Photosynthesis: More than Decarboxylating Enzymes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1525. [PMID: 27790235 PMCID: PMC5061750 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As an adaptation to changing climatic conditions that caused high rates of photorespiration, C4 plants have evolved to display higher photosynthetic efficiency than C3 plants under elevated temperature, high light intensities, and drought. The C4 plants independently evolved more than 60 times in 19 families of angiosperms to establish similar but not uniform C4 mechanisms to concentrate CO2 around the carboxylating enzyme Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase). C4 photosynthesis is divided into at least two basic biochemical subtypes based on the primary decarboxylating enzymes, NAD-dependent malic enzyme (NAD-ME) and NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME). The multiple polygenetic origins of these subtypes raise questions about the association of C4 variation between biochemical subtypes and diverse lineages. This review addresses the differences in evolutionary scenario, leaf anatomy, and especially C4 metabolic flow, C4 transporters, and cell-specific function deduced from recently reported cell-specific transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolic analyses of NAD-ME and NADP-ME subtypes. Current omic analysis has revealed the extent to which component abundances differ between the two biochemical subtypes, leading to a better understanding of C4 photosynthetic mechanisms in NAD-ME and NADP-ME subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Rao
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North TexasDenton, TX, USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, US Department of EnergyOak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Richard A. Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North TexasDenton, TX, USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, US Department of EnergyOak Ridge, TN, USA
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