1
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Baena D, Toor B, van den Berg NH, Ray LB, Fogel SM. Spindle-slow wave coupling and problem-solving skills: impact of age. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae072. [PMID: 38477166 PMCID: PMC11236953 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined how aging affects the role of sleep in the consolidation of newly learned cognitive strategies. Forty healthy young adults (20-35 years) and 30 healthy older adults (60-85 years) were included. Participants were trained on the Tower of Hanoi (ToH) task, then, half of each age group were assigned to either the 90-minute nap condition, or stayed awake, before retesting. The temporal co-occurrence between slow waves (SW) and sleep spindles (SP) during non-rapid eye movement sleep was examined as a function of age in relation to memory consolidation of problem-solving skills. We found that despite intact learning, older adults derived a reduced benefit of sleep for problem-solving skills relative to younger adults. As expected, the percentage of coupled spindles was lower in older compared to younger individuals from control to testing sessions. Furthermore, coupled spindles in young adults were more strongly coupled to the SW upstate compared to older individuals. Coupled spindles in older individuals were lower in amplitude (mean area under the curve; μV) compared to the young group. Lastly, there was a significant relationship between offline gains in accuracy on the ToH and percent change of spindles coupled to the upstate of the slow wave in older, but not younger adults. Multiple regression revealed that age accounted for differences in offline gains in accuracy, as did spindle coupling during the upstate. These results suggest that with aging, spindle-slow wave coupling decreases. However, the degree of the preservation of coupling with age correlates with the extent of problem-solving skill consolidation during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Baena
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Sleep Unit, The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Balmeet Toor
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Laura B Ray
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Sleep Unit, The Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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2
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Wang X, Yan X, Li M, Cheng L, Qi X, Zhang J, Pan S, Xu X, Wei W, Li Y. U-shaped association between sleep duration and biological aging: Evidence from the UK Biobank study. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14159. [PMID: 38556842 PMCID: PMC11258478 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research on sleep and aging largely has failed to illustrate the optimal dose-response curve of this relationship. We aimed to analyze the associations between sleep duration and measures of predicted age. In total, 241,713 participants from the UK Biobank were included. Habitual sleep duration was collected from the baseline questionnaire. Four indicators, homeostatic dysregulation (HD), phenoAge (PA), Klemera-Doubal method (KDM), and allostatic load (AL), were chosen to assess predicted age. Multivariate linear regression models were utilized. The association of sleep duration and predicted age followed a U-shape (All p for nonlinear <0.05). Compared with individuals who sleep for 7 h/day, the multivariable-adjusted beta of ≤5 and ≥9 h/day were 0.05 (95% CI 0.03, 0.07) and 0.03 (95% CI 0.02, 0.05) for HD, 0.08 (95% CI 0.01, 0.14) and 0.36 (95% CI 0.31, 0.41) for PA, and 0.21 (95% CI 0.12, 0.30) and 0.30 (95% CI 0.23, 0.37) for KDM. Significant independent and joint effects of sleep and cystatin C (CysC) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) on predicted age metrics were future found. Similar results were observed when conducting stratification analyses. Short and long sleep duration were associated with accelerated predicted age metrics mediated by CysC and GGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of EducationHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Xuemin Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of EducationHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Mengdi Li
- Department of Endodontics, The First HospitalHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Licheng Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of EducationHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Xiang Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of EducationHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of EducationHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Sijia Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of EducationHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of EducationHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of EducationHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of EducationHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of EducationHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
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3
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Roshchupkina L, Wens V, Coquelet N, Urbain C, de Tiege X, Peigneux P. Motor learning- and consolidation-related resting state fast and slow brain dynamics across wake and sleep. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7531. [PMID: 38553500 PMCID: PMC10980824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor skills dynamically evolve during practice and after training. Using magnetoencephalography, we investigated the neural dynamics underpinning motor learning and its consolidation in relation to sleep during resting-state periods after the end of learning (boost window, within 30 min) and at delayed time scales (silent 4 h and next day 24 h windows) with intermediate daytime sleep or wakefulness. Resting-state neural dynamics were investigated at fast (sub-second) and slower (supra-second) timescales using Hidden Markov modelling (HMM) and functional connectivity (FC), respectively, and their relationship to motor performance. HMM results show that fast dynamic activities in a Temporal/Sensorimotor state network predict individual motor performance, suggesting a trait-like association between rapidly recurrent neural patterns and motor behaviour. Short, post-training task re-exposure modulated neural network characteristics during the boost but not the silent window. Re-exposure-related induction effects were observed on the next day, to a lesser extent than during the boost window. Daytime naps did not modulate memory consolidation at the behavioural and neural levels. These results emphasise the critical role of the transient boost window in motor learning and memory consolidation and provide further insights into the relationship between the multiscale neural dynamics of brain networks, motor learning, and consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Roshchupkina
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit Affiliated at CRCN - Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
- Faculté des Sciences Psychologiques et de l'Éducation, Campus du Solbosch - CP 191, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Vincent Wens
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, HUB - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hospital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Coquelet
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, HUB - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hospital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charline Urbain
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit Affiliated at CRCN - Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier de Tiege
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- LN2T - Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, HUB - Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Hospital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit Affiliated at CRCN - Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Sakakura K, Kuroda N, Sonoda M, Mitsuhashi T, Firestone E, Luat AF, Marupudi NI, Sood S, Asano E. Developmental atlas of phase-amplitude coupling between physiologic high-frequency oscillations and slow waves. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6435. [PMID: 37833252 PMCID: PMC10575956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the developmental changes in high-frequency oscillation (HFO) and Modulation Index (MI) - the coupling measure between HFO and slow-wave phase. We generated normative brain atlases, using subdural EEG signals from 8251 nonepileptic electrode sites in 114 patients (ages 1.0-41.5 years) who achieved seizure control following resective epilepsy surgery. We observed a higher MI in the occipital lobe across all ages, and occipital MI increased notably during early childhood. The cortical areas exhibiting MI co-growth were connected via the vertical occipital fasciculi and posterior callosal fibers. While occipital HFO rate showed no significant age-association, the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes exhibited an age-inversed HFO rate. Assessment of 1006 seizure onset sites revealed that z-score normalized MI and HFO rate were higher at seizure onset versus nonepileptic electrode sites. We have publicly shared our intracranial EEG data to enable investigators to validate MI and HFO-centric presurgical evaluations to identify the epileptogenic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sakakura
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 3058575, Japan
| | - Naoto Kuroda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Epileptology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 9808575, Japan
| | - Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama-shi, 2360004, Japan
| | - Takumi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 1138421, Japan
| | - Ethan Firestone
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48858, USA
| | - Neena I Marupudi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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5
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Gu Y, Gagnon JF, Kaminska M. Sleep electroencephalography biomarkers of cognition in obstructive sleep apnea. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13831. [PMID: 36941194 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea has been associated with cognitive impairment and may be linked to disorders of cognitive function. These associations may be a result of intermittent hypoxaemia, sleep fragmentation and changes in sleep microstructure in obstructive sleep apnea. Current clinical metrics of obstructive sleep apnea, such as the apnea-hypopnea index, are poor predictors of cognitive outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep microstructure features, which can be identified on sleep electroencephalography of traditional overnight polysomnography, are increasingly being characterized in obstructive sleep apnea and may better predict cognitive outcomes. Here, we summarize the literature on several major sleep electroencephalography features (slow-wave activity, sleep spindles, K-complexes, cyclic alternating patterns, rapid eye movement sleep quantitative electroencephalography, odds ratio product) identified in obstructive sleep apnea. We will review the associations between these sleep electroencephalography features and cognition in obstructive sleep apnea, and examine how treatment of obstructive sleep apnea affects these associations. Lastly, evolving technologies in sleep electroencephalography analyses will also be discussed (e.g. high-density electroencephalography, machine learning) as potential predictors of cognitive function in obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusing Gu
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jean-François Gagnon
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marta Kaminska
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Respiratory Division & Sleep Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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6
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Togawa J, Matsumoto R, Usami K, Matsuhashi M, Inouchi M, Kobayashi K, Hitomi T, Nakae T, Shimotake A, Yamao Y, Kikuchi T, Yoshida K, Kunieda T, Miyamoto S, Takahashi R, Ikeda A. Enhanced phase-amplitude coupling of human electrocorticography selectively in the posterior cortical region during rapid eye movement sleep. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:486-496. [PMID: 35288751 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal dynamics of interaction between slow (delta or infraslow) waves and fast (gamma) activities during wakefulness and sleep are yet to be elucidated in human electrocorticography (ECoG). We evaluated phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), which reflects neuronal coding in information processing, using ECoG in 11 patients with intractable focal epilepsy. PAC was observed between slow waves of 0.5-0.6 Hz and gamma activities, not only during light sleep and slow-wave sleep (SWS) but even during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. While PAC was high over a large region during SWS, it was stronger in the posterior cortical region around the temporoparietal junction than in the frontal cortical region during REM sleep. PAC tended to be higher in the posterior cortical region than in the frontal cortical region even during wakefulness. Our findings suggest that the posterior cortical region has a functional role in REM sleep and may contribute to the maintenance of the dreaming experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Togawa
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Divison of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Usami
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Morito Inouchi
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takefumi Hitomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga General Hospital, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimotake
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yamao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, To-on, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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7
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Ruch S, Schmidig FJ, Knüsel L, Henke K. Closed-loop modulation of local slow oscillations in human NREM sleep. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119682. [PMID: 36240988 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow-wave sleep is the deep non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) sleep stage that is most relevant for the recuperative function of sleep. Its defining property is the presence of slow oscillations (<2 Hz) in the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG). Slow oscillations are generated by a synchronous back and forth between highly active UP-states and silent DOWN-states in neocortical neurons. Growing evidence suggests that closed-loop sensory stimulation targeted at UP-states of EEG-defined slow oscillations can enhance the slow oscillatory activity, increase sleep depth, and boost sleep's recuperative functions. However, several studies failed to replicate such findings. Failed replications might be due to the use of conventional closed-loop stimulation algorithms that analyze the signal from one single electrode and thereby neglect the fact that slow oscillations vary with respect to their origins, distributions, and trajectories on the scalp. In particular, conventional algorithms nonspecifically target functionally heterogeneous UP-states of distinct origins. After all, slow oscillations at distinct sites of the scalp have been associated with distinct functions. Here we present a novel EEG-based closed-loop stimulation algorithm that allows targeting UP- and DOWN-states of distinct cerebral origins based on topographic analyses of the EEG: the topographic targeting of slow oscillations (TOPOSO) algorithm. We present evidence that the TOPOSO algorithm can detect and target local slow oscillations with specific, predefined voltage maps on the scalp in real-time. When compared to a more conventional, single-channel-based approach, TOPOSO leads to fewer but locally more specific stimulations in a simulation study. In a validation study with napping participants, TOPOSO targets auditory stimulation reliably at local UP-states over frontal, sensorimotor, and centro-parietal regions. Importantly, auditory stimulation temporarily enhanced the targeted local state. However, stimulation then elicited a standard frontal slow oscillation rather than local slow oscillations. The TOPOSO algorithm is suitable for the modulation and the study of the functions of local slow oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ruch
- Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University Hospital and University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 45, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory and Consciousness, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Flavio Jean Schmidig
- Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory and Consciousness, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leona Knüsel
- Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory and Consciousness, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Henke
- Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory and Consciousness, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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8
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Ngo HVV, Antony JW, Rasch B. Real-time stimulation during sleep: prior findings, novel developments, and future perspectives. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13735. [PMID: 36180062 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Real-time brain stimulation is a powerful technique that continues to gain importance in the field of sleep and cognition. In this special issue, we collected 14 articles about real-time stimulation during sleep, including one review, 12 research articles and one letter covering both human and rodent research from various fields. We hope this special issue sparks greater interest and inspires fellow sleep researchers and clinicians to develop new ideas in the exciting topic of real-time stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Viet V Ngo
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - James W Antony
- Department of Psychology and Child Development, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Björn Rasch
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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9
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Huwiler S, Carro Dominguez M, Huwyler S, Kiener L, Stich FM, Sala R, Aziri F, Trippel A, Schmied C, Huber R, Wenderoth N, Lustenberger C. Effects of auditory sleep modulation approaches on brain oscillatory and cardiovascular dynamics. Sleep 2022; 45:6632997. [PMID: 35793672 PMCID: PMC9453626 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Slow waves, the hallmark feature of deep nonrapid eye movement sleep, do potentially drive restorative effects of sleep on brain and body functions. Sleep modulation techniques to elucidate the functional role of slow waves thus have gained large interest. Auditory slow wave stimulation is a promising tool; however, directly comparing auditory stimulation approaches within a night and analyzing induced dynamic brain and cardiovascular effects are yet missing. Here, we tested various auditory stimulation approaches in a windowed, 10 s ON (stimulations) followed by 10 s OFF (no stimulations), within-night stimulation design and compared them to a SHAM control condition. We report the results of three studies and a total of 51 included nights and found a large and global increase in slow-wave activity (SWA) in the stimulation window compared to SHAM. Furthermore, slow-wave dynamics were most pronouncedly increased at the start of the stimulation and declined across the stimulation window. Beyond the changes in brain oscillations, we observed, for some conditions, a significant increase in the mean interval between two heartbeats within a stimulation window, indicating a slowing of the heart rate, and increased heart rate variability derived parasympathetic activity. Those cardiovascular changes were positively correlated with the change in SWA, and thus, our findings provide insight into the potential of auditory slow wave enhancement to modulate cardiovascular restorative conditions during sleep. However, future studies need to investigate whether the potentially increased restorative capacity through slow-wave enhancements translates into a more rested cardiovascular system on a subsequent day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Huwiler
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Carro Dominguez
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silja Huwyler
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Kiener
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabia M Stich
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rossella Sala
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florent Aziri
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Trippel
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schmied
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Center of Competence Sleep and Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Child Development Centre, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Wenderoth
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Center, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caroline Lustenberger
- Corresponding author. Caroline Lustenberger, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Neural Control of Movement Lab, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.
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10
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Scheiwiller PM, Furian M, Buergin A, Mayer LC, Schneider SR, Mademilov M, Lichtblau M, Muralt L, Sheraliev U, Sooronbaev TM, Ulrich S, Bloch KE. Visuomotor performance at high altitude in COPD patients. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of acetazolamide. Front Physiol 2022; 13:980755. [PMID: 36160864 PMCID: PMC9493049 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.980755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We evaluated whether exposure to high altitude impairs visuomotor learning in lowlanders with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and whether this can be prevented by acetazolamide treatment.Methods: 45 patients with COPD, living <800 m, FEV1 ≥40 to <80%predicted, were randomized to acetazolamide (375 mg/d) or placebo, administered 24h before and during a 2-day stay in a clinic at 3100 m. Visuomotor performance was evaluated with a validated, computer-assisted test (Motor-Task-Manager) at 760 m above sea level (baseline, before starting the study drug), within 4h after arrival at 3100 m and in the morning after one night at 3100 m. Main outcome was the directional error (DE) of cursor movements controlled by the participant via mouse on a computer screen during a target tracking task. Effects of high altitude and acetazolamide on DE during an adaptation phase, immediate recall and post-sleep recall were evaluated by regression analyses. www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03165890.Results: In 22 patients receiving placebo, DE at 3100 m increased during adaptation by mean 2.5°, 95%CI 2.2° to 2.7° (p < 0.001), during immediate recall by 5.3°, 4.6° to 6.1° (p < 0.001), and post-sleep recall by 5.8°, 5.0 to 6.7° (p < 0.001), vs. corresponding values at 760 m. In 23 participants receiving acetazolamide, corresponding DE were reduced by −0.3° (−0.6° to 0.1°, p = 0.120), −2.7° (−3.7° to −1.6°, p < 0.001) and −3.1° (−4.3° to −2.0°, p < 0.001), compared to placebo at 3100 m.Conclusion: Lowlanders with COPD travelling to 3100 m experienced altitude-induced impairments in immediate and post-sleep recall of a visuomotor task. Preventive acetazolamide treatment mitigated these undesirable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Scheiwiller
- University Hospital of Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland, and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - M. Furian
- University Hospital of Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland, and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - A. Buergin
- University Hospital of Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland, and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - L. C. Mayer
- University Hospital of Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland, and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - S. R. Schneider
- University Hospital of Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland, and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - M. Mademilov
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland, and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
- National Center for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - M. Lichtblau
- University Hospital of Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland, and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - L. Muralt
- University Hospital of Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland, and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - U. Sheraliev
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland, and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
- National Center for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - T. M. Sooronbaev
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland, and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
- National Center for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - S. Ulrich
- University Hospital of Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland, and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
| | - K. E. Bloch
- University Hospital of Zurich, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sleep Disorders Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss-Kyrgyz High Altitude Medicine and Research Initiative, Zurich, Switzerland, and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
- *Correspondence: K. E. Bloch,
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11
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Potential Benefits of Daytime Naps on Consecutive Days for Motor Adaptation Learning. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:387-401. [PMID: 36134945 PMCID: PMC9497798 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Daytime napping offers benefits for motor memory learning and is used as a habitual countermeasure to improve daytime functioning. A single nap has been shown to ameliorate motor memory learning, although the effect of consecutive napping on motor memory consolidation remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of daytime napping over multiple days on motor memory learning. Twenty university students were divided into a napping group and no-nap (awake) group. The napping group performed motor adaption tasks before and after napping for three consecutive days, whereas the no-nap group performed the task on a similar time schedule as the napping group. A subsequent retest was conducted one week after the end of the intervention. Significant differences were observed only for speed at 30 degrees to complete the retention task, which was significantly faster in the napping group than in the awake group. No significant consolidation effects over the three consecutive nap intervention periods were confirmed. Due to the limitations of the different experimental environments of the napping and the control group, the current results warrant further investigation to assess whether consecutive napping may benefit motor memory learning, which is specific to speed.
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12
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Controllable and Uncontrollable Stress Differentially Impact Fear Conditioned Alterations in Sleep and Neuroimmune Signaling in Mice. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091320. [PMID: 36143359 PMCID: PMC9506236 DOI: 10.3390/life12091320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress induces neuroinflammation and disrupts sleep, which together can promote a number of stress-related disorders. Fear memories associated with stress can resurface and reproduce symptoms. Our previous studies have demonstrated sleep outcomes can be modified by stressor controllability following stress and fear memory recall. However, it is unknown how stressor controllability alters neuroinflammatory signaling and its association with sleep following fear memory recall. Mice were implanted with telemetry transmitters and experienced escapable or inescapable footshock and then were re-exposed to the shuttlebox context one week later. Gene expression was assessed with Nanostring® panels using RNA extracted from the basolateral amygdala and hippocampus. Freezing and temperature were examined as behavioral measures of fear. Increased sleep after escapable stress was associated with a down-regulation in neuro-inflammatory and neuro-degenerative related genes, while decreased sleep after inescapable stress was associated with an up-regulation in these genes. Behavioral measures of fear were virtually identical. Sleep and neuroimmune responses appear to be integrated during fear conditioning and reproduced by fear memory recall. The established roles of disrupted sleep and neuroinflammation in stress-related disorders indicate that these differences may serve as informative indices of how fear memory can lead to psychopathology.
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13
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Qian L, Ru T, He M, Li S, Zhou G. Effects of a brief afternoon nap on declarative and procedural memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 194:107662. [PMID: 35870718 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between sleep and memory consolidation has not been fully revealed. The current study aimed to investigate how a brief afternoon nap contributed to the consolidation of declarative and procedural memory by exploring the relationship between sleep characteristics (i.e., the durations of sleep stages and slow oscillation, slow-wave activity, and spindle activity extracted from sleep) and task performance and the relationship between delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands extracted from wake during task performance and task performance. Twenty-three healthy young adults underwent a paired associates learning task and a sequential finger-tapping task with easy and difficult levels and were tested for memory performance before and after the intervention (i.e., an about 30-min nap or stay awake). Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were continously recorded during the whole experiment. Results revealed that a short afternoon nap improved movement speed for the procedural memory task, regardless of the task difficulty, but unaffected the performance on the declarative memory task. Besides, the improvement in movement speed for the easy procedural memory task was positively correlated with slow-wave activity (SWA) during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep but negatively correlated with slow oscillation and spindle activity during sleep stage 2 and NREM sleep, and the improvement in the difficult procedural memory task correlated positively with SWA during NREM sleep. Moreover, performance on the easy declarative and procedural memory tasks was negatively correlated with the relative power of alpha or theta; whereas the alpha band was positively correlated with the difficult declarative memory performance. These findings suggested that a brief afternoon nap with NREM sleep would benefit procedural memory consolidation but not declarative memory; such contribution of napping to memory consolidation would be either explained by the sleep characteristics or physiological arousal during performing tasks; task difficulty would moderate the relationship between the declarative memory performance and EEGs during task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Qian
- Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Taotao Ru
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Meiheng He
- Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Lab of Light and Physio-psychological Health, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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14
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Au J, Smith-Peirce RN, Carbone E, Moon A, Evans M, Jonides J, Jaeggi SM. Effects of Multisession Prefrontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Long-term Memory and Working Memory in Older Adults. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 34:1015-1037. [PMID: 35195728 PMCID: PMC9836784 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive form of electrical brain stimulation popularly used to augment the effects of working memory (WM) training. Although success has been mixed, some studies report enhancements in WM performance persisting days, weeks, or even months that are actually more reminiscent of consolidation effects typically observed in the long-term memory (LTM) domain, rather than WM improvements per se. Although tDCS has been often reported to enhance both WM and LTM, these effects have never been directly compared within the same study. However, given their considerable neural and behavioral overlap, this is a timely comparison to make. This study reports results from a multisession intervention in older adults comparing active and sham tDCS over the left dorsolateral pFC during training on both an n-back WM task and a word learning LTM task. We found strong and robust effects on LTM, but mixed effects on WM that only emerged for those with lower baseline ability. Importantly, mediation analyses showed an indirect effect of tDCS on WM that was mediated by improvements in consolidation. We conclude that tDCS over the left dorsolateral pFC can be used as an effective intervention to foster long-term learning and memory consolidation in aging, which can manifest in performance improvements across multiple memory domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Au
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
| | | | - Elena Carbone
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Austin Moon
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside CA, 92521, USA
| | - Michelle Evans
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109, USA
| | - John Jonides
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 48109, USA
| | - Susanne M. Jaeggi
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
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15
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Avvenuti G, Bernardi G. Local sleep: A new concept in brain plasticity. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:35-52. [PMID: 35034748 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, sleep and wakefulness have been considered as two global, mutually exclusive states. However, this view has been challenged by the discovery that sleep and wakefulness are actually locally regulated and that islands of these two states may often coexist in the same individual. Importantly, such a local regulation seems to be the key for many essential functions of sleep, including the maintenance of cognitive efficiency and the consolidation of new skills and memories. Indeed, local changes in sleep-related oscillations occur in brain areas that are used and involved in learning during wakefulness. In turn, these changes directly modulate experience-dependent brain adaptations and the consolidation of newly acquired memories. In line with these observations, alterations in the regional balance between wake- and sleep-like activity have been shown to accompany many pathologic conditions, including psychiatric and neurologic disorders. In the last decade, experimental research has started to shed light on the mechanisms involved in the local regulation of sleep and wakefulness. The results of this research have opened new avenues of investigation regarding the function of sleep and have revealed novel potential targets for the treatment of several pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Avvenuti
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Giulio Bernardi
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy.
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16
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Abstract
Sleep homeostasis is a complex neurobiologic phenomenon involving a number of molecular pathways, neurotransmitter release, synaptic activity, and factors modulating neural networks. Sleep plasticity allows for homeostatic optimization of neural networks and the replay-based consolidation of specific circuits, especially important for cognition, behavior, and information processing. Furthermore, research is currently moving from an essentially brain-focused to a more comprehensive view involving other systems, such as the immune system, hormonal status, and metabolic pathways. When dysfunctional, these systems contribute to sleep loss and fragmentation as well as to sleep need. In this chapter, the implications of neural plasticity and sleep homeostasis for the diagnosis and treatment of some major sleep disorders, such as insomnia and sleep deprivation, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, restless legs syndrome, REM sleep behavior disorder, and narcolepsy are discussed in detail with their therapeutical implications. This chapter highlights that sleep is necessary for the maintenance of an optimal brain function and is sensitive to both genetic background and environmental enrichment. Even in pathologic conditions, sleep acts as a resilient plastic state that consolidates prior information and prioritizes network activity for efficient brain functioning.
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17
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Stanyer EC, Baniqued PDE, Awais M, Kouara L, Davies AG, Killan EC, Mushtaq F. The impact of acoustic stimulation during sleep on memory and sleep architecture: A meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13385. [PMID: 34850995 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between sleep and cognition has long been recognized, with slow-wave sleep thought to play a critical role in long-term memory consolidation. Recent research has presented the possibility that non-invasive acoustic stimulation during sleep could enhance memory consolidation. Herein, we report a random-effects model meta-analysis examining the impact of this intervention on memory and sleep architecture in healthy adults. Sixteen studies were identified through a systematic search. We found a medium significant effect of acoustic stimulation on memory task performance (g = 0.68, p = .031) in young adults <35 years of age, but no statistically significant effect in adults >35 years of age (g = -0.83, p = .223). In young adults, there was a large statistically significant effect for declarative memory tasks (g = 0.87, p = .014) but no effect for non-declarative tasks (g = -0.25, p = .357). There were no statistically significant differences in polysomnography-derived sleep architecture values between sham and stimulation conditions in either young or older adults. Based on these results, it appears that acoustic stimulation during sleep may only be an effective intervention for declarative memory consolidation in young adults. However, the small number of studies in this area, their small sample sizes, the short-term nature of most investigations and the high between-studies heterogeneity highlight a need for high-powered and long-term experiments to better elucidate, and subsequently maximise, any potential benefits of this novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Stanyer
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Dominick E Baniqued
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Muhammad Awais
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,Department of Computer Science, Edgehill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - Layla Kouara
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Andrew G Davies
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Edward C Killan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Faisal Mushtaq
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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18
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Koller DP, Kasanin V, Flynn-Evans EE, Sullivan JP, Dijk DJ, Czeisler CA, Barger LK. Altered sleep spindles and slow waves during space shuttle missions. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:48. [PMID: 34795291 PMCID: PMC8602337 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deficiencies and associated performance decrements are common among astronauts during spaceflight missions. Previously, sleep in space was analyzed with a focus on global measures while the intricate structure of sleep oscillations remains largely unexplored. This study extends previous findings by analyzing how spaceflight affects characteristics of sleep spindles and slow waves, two sleep oscillations associated with sleep quality and quantity, in four astronauts before, during and after two Space Shuttle missions. Analysis of these oscillations revealed significantly increased fast spindle density, elevated slow spindle frequency, and decreased slow wave amplitude in space compared to on Earth. These results reflect sleep characteristics during spaceflight on a finer electrophysiological scale and provide an opportunity for further research on sleep in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik P Koller
- Advanced Concepts Team, European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Vida Kasanin
- Advanced Concepts Team, European Space Agency, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Erin E Flynn-Evans
- Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, Human Systems Integration Division, Exploration Technology Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Jason P Sullivan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura K Barger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Solano A, Riquelme LA, Perez-Chada D, Della-Maggiore V. Motor Learning Promotes the Coupling between Fast Spindles and Slow Oscillations Locally over the Contralateral Motor Network. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2493-2507. [PMID: 34649283 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies from us and others suggest that traditionally declarative structures mediate some aspects of the encoding and consolidation of procedural memories. This evidence points to the existence of converging physiological pathways across memory systems. Here, we examined whether the coupling between slow oscillations (SO) and spindles, a mechanism well established in the consolidation of declarative memories, is relevant for the stabilization of human motor memories. To this aim, we conducted an electroencephalography study in which we quantified various parameters of these oscillations during a night of sleep that took place immediately after learning a visuomotor adaptation (VMA) task. We found that VMA increased the overall density of fast (≥12 Hz), but not slow (<12 Hz), spindles during nonrapid eye movement sleep, stage 3 (NREM3). This modulation occurred rather locally over the hemisphere contralateral to the trained hand. Although adaptation learning did not affect the density of SOs, it substantially enhanced the number of fast spindles locked to the active phase of SOs. The fact that only coupled spindles predicted overnight memory retention points to the relevance of this association in motor memory consolidation. Our work provides evidence in favor of a common mechanism at the basis of the stabilization of declarative and motor memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Solano
- IFIBIO Houssay, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Luis A Riquelme
- IFIBIO Houssay, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Daniel Perez-Chada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Service, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - Valeria Della-Maggiore
- IFIBIO Houssay, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
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20
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Au J, Katz B, Moon A, Talati S, Abagis TR, Jonides J, Jaeggi SM. Post-training stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex impairs working memory training performance. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2351-2363. [PMID: 33438297 PMCID: PMC8273206 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research investigating transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance cognitive training augments both our understanding of its long-term effects on cognitive plasticity as well as potential applications to strengthen cognitive interventions. Previous work has demonstrated enhancement of working memory training while applying concurrent tDCS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, the optimal stimulation parameters are still unknown. For example, the timing of tDCS delivery has been shown to be an influential variable that can interact with task learning. In the present study, we used tDCS to target the right DLPFC while participants trained on a visuospatial working memory task. We sought to compare the relative efficacy of online stimulation delivered during training to offline stimulation delivered either immediately before or afterwards. We were unable to replicate previously demonstrated benefits of online stimulation; however, we did find evidence that offline stimulation delivered after training can actually be detrimental to training performance relative to sham. We interpret our results in light of evidence suggesting a role of the right DLPFC in promoting memory interference, and conclude that while tDCS may be a promising tool to influence the results of cognitive training, more research and an abundance of caution are needed before fully endorsing its use for cognitive enhancement. This work suggests that effects can vary substantially in magnitude and direction between studies, and may be heavily dependent on a variety of intervention protocol parameters such as the timing and location of stimulation delivery, about which our understanding is still nascent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Au
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Benjamin Katz
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Austin Moon
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Sheebani Talati
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tessa R. Abagis
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John Jonides
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Susanne M. Jaeggi
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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21
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A Systematic Review of Sleep in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: From Diagnosis to Prognosis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081072. [PMID: 34439690 PMCID: PMC8393958 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of intensive care technology, the number of patients who survive acute severe brain injury has increased significantly. At present, it is difficult to diagnose the patients with disorders of consciousness (DOCs) because motor responses in these patients may be very limited and inconsistent. Electrophysiological criteria, such as event-related potentials or motor imagery, have also been studied to establish a diagnosis and prognosis based on command-following or active paradigms. However, the use of such task-based techniques in DOC patients is methodologically complex and requires careful analysis and interpretation. The present paper focuses on the analysis of sleep patterns for the evaluation of DOC and its relationships with diagnosis and prognosis outcomes. We discuss the concepts of sleep patterns in patients suffering from DOC, identification of this challenging population, and the prognostic value of sleep. The available literature on individuals in an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) or minimally conscious state (MCS) following traumatic or nontraumatic severe brain injury is reviewed. We can distinguish patients with different levels of consciousness by studying sleep patients with DOC. Most MCS patients have sleep and wake alternations, sleep spindles and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, while UWS patients have few EEG changes. A large number of sleep spindles and organized sleep-wake patterns predict better clinical outcomes. It is expected that this review will promote our understanding of sleep EEG in DOC.
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22
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Liang Y, Song C, Liu M, Gong P, Zhou C, Knöpfel T. Cortex-Wide Dynamics of Intrinsic Electrical Activities: Propagating Waves and Their Interactions. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3665-3678. [PMID: 33727333 PMCID: PMC8055070 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0623-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical circuits generate patterned activities that reflect intrinsic brain dynamics that lay the foundation for any, including stimuli-evoked, cognition and behavior. However, the spatiotemporal organization properties and principles of this intrinsic activity have only been partially elucidated because of previous poor resolution of experimental data and limited analysis methods. Here we investigated continuous wave patterns in the 0.5-4 Hz (delta band) frequency range on data from high-spatiotemporal resolution optical voltage imaging of the upper cortical layers in anesthetized mice. Waves of population activities propagate in heterogeneous directions to coordinate neuronal activities between different brain regions. The complex wave patterns show characteristics of both stereotypy and variety. The location and type of wave patterns determine the dynamical evolution when different waves interact with each other. Local wave patterns of source, sink, or saddle emerge at preferred spatial locations. Specifically, "source" patterns are predominantly found in cortical regions with low multimodal hierarchy such as the primary somatosensory cortex. Our findings reveal principles that govern the spatiotemporal dynamics of spontaneous cortical activities and associate them with the structural architecture across the cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Intrinsic brain activities, as opposed to external stimulus-evoked responses, have increasingly gained attention, but it remains unclear how these intrinsic activities are spatiotemporally organized at the cortex-wide scale. By taking advantage of the high spatiotemporal resolution of optical voltage imaging, we identified five wave pattern types, and revealed the organization properties of different wave patterns and the dynamical mechanisms when they interact with each other. Moreover, we found a relationship between the emergence probability of local wave patterns and the multimodal structure hierarchy across cortical areas. Our findings reveal the principles of spatiotemporal wave dynamics of spontaneous activities and associate them with the underlying hierarchical architecture across the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Liang
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies and Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong), Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- The HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Song
- Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mianxin Liu
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies and Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong), Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Pulin Gong
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, University of Sydney, Sydney 2001, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Changsong Zhou
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies and Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong), Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- The HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Laboratory for Neuronal Circuit Dynamics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Wood KH, Memon AA, Memon RA, Joop A, Pilkington J, Catiul C, Gerstenecker A, Triebel K, Cutter G, Bamman MM, Miocinovic S, Amara AW. Slow Wave Sleep and EEG Delta Spectral Power are Associated with Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:703-714. [PMID: 33361608 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive and sleep dysfunction are common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE Determine the relationship between slow wave sleep (SWS) and cognitive performance in PD. METHODS Thirty-two PD participants were evaluated with polysomnography and a comprehensive level II neurocognitive battery, as defined by the Movement Disorders Society Task Force for diagnosis of PD-mild cognitive impairment. Raw scores for each test were transformed into z-scores using normative data. Z-scores were averaged to obtain domain scores, and domain scores were averaged to determine the Composite Cognitive Score (CCS), the primary outcome. Participants were grouped by percent of SWS into High SWS and Low SWS groups and compared on CCS and other outcomes using 2-sided t-tests or Mann-Whitney U. Correlations of cognitive outcomes with sleep architecture and EEG spectral power were performed. RESULTS Participants in the High SWS group demonstrated better global cognitive function (CCS) (p = 0.01, effect size: r = 0.45). In exploratory analyses, the High SWS group showed better performance in domains of executive function (effect size: Cohen's d = 1.05), language (d = 0.95), and processing speed (d = 1.12). Percentage of SWS was correlated with global cognition and executive function, language, and processing speed. Frontal EEG delta power during N3 was correlated with the CCS and executive function. Cognition was not correlated with subjective sleep quality. CONCLUSION Increased SWS and higher delta spectral power are associated with better cognitive performance in PD. This demonstrates the significant relationship between sleep and cognitive function and suggests that interventions to improve sleep might improve cognition in individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly H Wood
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Psychology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adeel A Memon
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raima A Memon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Allen Joop
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer Pilkington
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Corina Catiul
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adam Gerstenecker
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kristen Triebel
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gary Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Amy W Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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24
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MacDonald KJ, Cote KA. Contributions of post-learning REM and NREM sleep to memory retrieval. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 59:101453. [PMID: 33588273 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has become clear that sleep after learning has beneficial effects on the later retrieval of newly acquired memories. The neural mechanisms underlying these effects are becoming increasingly clear as well, particularly those of non-REM sleep. However, much is still unknown about the sleep and memory relationship: the sleep state or features of sleep physiology that associate with memory performance often vary by task or experimental design, and the nature of this variability is not entirely clear. This paper describes pertinent features of sleep physiology and provides a detailed review of the scientific literature indicating beneficial effects of post-learning sleep on memory retrieval. This paper additionally introduces a hypothesis which attributes these beneficial effects of post-learning sleep to separable processes of memory reinforcement and memory refinement whereby reinforcement supports one's ability to retrieve a given memory and refinement supports the precision of that memory retrieval in the context of competitive alternatives. It is observed that features of non-REM sleep are involved in a post-learning substantiation of memory representations that benefit memory performance; thus, memory reinforcement is primarily attributed to non-REM sleep. Memory refinement is primarily attributed to REM sleep given evidence of bidirectional synaptic plasticity in REM sleep and findings from studies of selective REM sleep deprivation.
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25
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Smith SK, Nguyen T, Labonte AK, Kafashan M, Hyche O, Guay CS, Wilson E, Chan CW, Luong A, Hickman LB, Fritz BA, Emmert D, Graetz TJ, Melby SJ, Lucey BP, Ju YES, Wildes TS, Avidan MS, Palanca BJA. Protocol for the Prognosticating Delirium Recovery Outcomes Using Wakefulness and Sleep Electroencephalography (P-DROWS-E) study: a prospective observational study of delirium in elderly cardiac surgical patients. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e044295. [PMID: 33318123 PMCID: PMC7737109 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delirium is a potentially preventable disorder characterised by acute disturbances in attention and cognition with fluctuating severity. Postoperative delirium is associated with prolonged intensive care unit and hospital stay, cognitive decline and mortality. The development of biomarkers for tracking delirium could potentially aid in the early detection, mitigation and assessment of response to interventions. Because sleep disruption has been posited as a contributor to the development of this syndrome, expression of abnormal electroencephalography (EEG) patterns during sleep and wakefulness may be informative. Here we hypothesise that abnormal EEG patterns of sleep and wakefulness may serve as predictive and diagnostic markers for postoperative delirium. Such abnormal EEG patterns would mechanistically link disrupted thalamocortical connectivity to this important clinical syndrome. METHODS AND ANALYSIS P-DROWS-E (Prognosticating Delirium Recovery Outcomes Using Wakefulness and Sleep Electroencephalography) is a 220-patient prospective observational study. Patient eligibility criteria include those who are English-speaking, age 60 years or older and undergoing elective cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. EEG acquisition will occur 1-2 nights preoperatively, intraoperatively, and up to 7 days postoperatively. Concurrent with EEG recordings, two times per day postoperative Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) evaluations will quantify the presence and severity of delirium. EEG slow wave activity, sleep spindle density and peak frequency of the posterior dominant rhythm will be quantified. Linear mixed-effects models will be used to evaluate the relationships between delirium severity/duration and EEG measures as a function of time. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION P-DROWS-E is approved by the ethics board at Washington University in St. Louis. Recruitment began in October 2018. Dissemination plans include presentations at scientific conferences, scientific publications and mass media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03291626.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kendall Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Thomas Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alyssa K Labonte
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - MohammadMehdi Kafashan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Orlandrea Hyche
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christian S Guay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wilson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Courtney W Chan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anhthi Luong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - L Brian Hickman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bradley A Fritz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel Emmert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Thomas J Graetz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Spencer J Melby
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brendan P Lucey
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yo-El S Ju
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Troy S Wildes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael S Avidan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ben J A Palanca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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26
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
This short review article aims at emphasizing interesting and important new insights about investigating sleep and memory in children aged between 6 and 13 years (middle childhood).
Recent Findings
That sleep in comparison to wakefulness benefits the consolidation of memories is well established—especially for the adult population. However, the underlying theoretical frameworks trying to explain the benefits of sleep for memory still strive for more substantiate findings including biological and physiological correlates.
Summary
Based on the most recent literature about sleep-related memory consolidation and its physiological markers during middle childhood, this article provides a review and highlights recent updates in this field.
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27
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Facchin L, Schöne C, Mensen A, Bandarabadi M, Pilotto F, Saxena S, Libourel PA, Bassetti CLA, Adamantidis AR. Slow Waves Promote Sleep-Dependent Plasticity and Functional Recovery after Stroke. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8637-8651. [PMID: 33087472 PMCID: PMC7643301 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0373-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional recovery after stroke is associated with a remapping of neural circuits. This reorganization is often associated with low-frequency, high-amplitude oscillations in the peri-infarct zone in both rodents and humans. These oscillations are reminiscent of sleep slow waves (SW) and suggestive of a role for sleep in brain plasticity that occur during stroke recovery; however, direct evidence is missing. Using a stroke model in male mice, we showed that stroke was followed by a transient increase in NREM sleep accompanied by reduced amplitude and slope of ipsilateral NREM sleep SW. We next used 5 ms optical activation of Channelrhodopsin 2-expressing pyramidal neurons, or 200 ms silencing of Archeorhodopsin T-expressing pyramidal neurons, to generate local cortical UP, or DOWN, states, respectively, both sharing similarities with spontaneous NREM SW in freely moving mice. Importantly, we found that single optogenetically evoked SW (SWopto) in the peri-infarct zone, randomly distributed during sleep, significantly improved fine motor movements of the limb corresponding to the sensorimotor stroke lesion site compared with spontaneous recovery and control conditions, while motor strength remained unchanged. In contrast, SWopto during wakefulness had no effect. Furthermore, chronic SWopto during sleep were associated with local axonal sprouting as revealed by the increase of anatomic presynaptic and postsynaptic markers in the peri-infarct zone and corresponding contralesional areas to cortical circuit reorganization during stroke recovery. These results support a role for sleep SW in cortical circuit plasticity and sensorimotor recovery after stroke and provide a clinically relevant framework for rehabilitation strategies using neuromodulation during sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Brain stroke is one of the leading causes of death and major disabilities in the elderly worldwide. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying spontaneous brain plasticity after stroke, together with an optimization of rehabilitative strategies, are essential to improve stroke treatments. Here, we investigate the role of optogenetically induced sleep slow waves in an animal model of ischemic stroke and identify sleep as a window for poststroke intervention that promotes neuroplasticity and facilitates sensorimotor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Facchin
- Centre for Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Schöne
- Centre for Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Armand Mensen
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Mojtaba Bandarabadi
- Centre for Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Federica Pilotto
- Centre for Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Smita Saxena
- Centre for Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Paul Antoine Libourel
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, University of Lyon, Bron, 69500, France
| | - Claudio L A Bassetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Antoine R Adamantidis
- Centre for Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
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28
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Zhang J, Zhuang Y, Wan NS, Tang X, Zhou W, Si L, Wang Y, Chen BY, Cao J. Slow-wave sleep is associated with incident hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520954682. [PMID: 32967506 PMCID: PMC7520930 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520954682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between slow-wave sleep ([SWS] N3 stage) and the risk of hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or primary snorers. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study of 1145 participants who were evaluated for suspected OSA at our Sleep Medical Center were included. Among these participants, 1022 had OSA and 123 were primary snorers. Logistic regression modeling was performed to evaluate the association between the prevalence of hypertension and combined OSA and SWS based on polysomnographic measurements. RESULTS Patients with OSA in the lowest SWS quartile (quartile 1, < 2.0%) showed a two-fold increased risk of hypertension after adjustment for confounding factors compared with primary snorers (odds ratio, 2.13 [95% confidence interval 1.54-2.06]). In logistic analysis stratified according to SWS quartiles, there was no significant difference in the risk of hypertension between patients with OSA and primary snorers in quartile 1. However, in the highest quartile (quartile 4), SWS was significantly associated with incident hypertension in patients with OSA rather than primary snorers. CONCLUSION SWS is associated with prevalent hypertension in patients with OSA. Notably, a low proportion of SWS confers a stronger association with incident hypertension than OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan-Sheng Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Si
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bao-Yuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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29
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Amara AW. Sleep and cognition in Parkinson's disease. Sleep Med 2020; 73:179-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Furrer M, Ringli M, Kurth S, Brandeis D, Jenni OG, Huber R. The experience-dependent increase in deep sleep activity is reduced in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sleep Med 2020; 75:50-53. [PMID: 32853918 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Learning of a visuomotor adaptation task during wakefulness leads to a local increase in slow-wave activity (SWA, EEG power between 1 and 4.5 Hz) during subsequent deep sleep. Here, we examined this relationship between learning and SWA in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). PATIENTS/METHODS Participants were 15 children with ADHD (9.7-14.8 y, one female) and 15 age-matched healthy controls (9.6-15.7 y, three female). After the completion of a visuomotor adaptation task in the evening, participants underwent an all-night high-density (HD, 128 electrodes) sleep-EEG measurement. RESULTS Healthy control children showed the expected right-parietal increase in sleep SWA after visuomotor learning. Despite no difference in visuomotor learning, the local up-regulation during sleep was significantly reduced in ADHD patients compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the local, experience-dependent regulation of SWA is different in ADHD patients. Because the customarily observed heightened regulation in children was related to sensitive period maturation, ADHD patients may lack certain sensitive periods or show a developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Furrer
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Maya Ringli
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Salome Kurth
- Pulmonary Clinic, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Oskar G Jenni
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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31
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Diep C, Ftouni S, Manousakis JE, Nicholas CL, Drummond SPA, Anderson C. Acoustic slow wave sleep enhancement via a novel, automated device improves executive function in middle-aged men. Sleep 2020; 43:5613713. [PMID: 31691831 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES As slow-wave activity (SWA) is critical for cognition, SWA-enhancing technologies provide an exciting opportunity to improve cognitive function. We focus on improving cognitive function beyond sleep-dependent memory consolidation, using an automated device, and in middle-aged adults, who have depleted SWA yet a critical need for maximal cognitive capacity in work environments. METHODS Twenty-four healthy adult males aged 35-48 years participated in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. Participants wore an automated acoustic stimulation device that monitored real-time sleep EEG. Following an adaptation night, participants were exposed to either acoustic tones delivered on the up phase of the slow-wave (STIM) or inaudible "tones" during equivalent periods of stimulation (SHAM). An executive function test battery was administered after the experimental night. RESULTS STIM resulted in an increase in delta (0.5-4 Hz) activity across the full-night spectra, with enhancement being maximal at 1 Hz. SWA was higher for STIM relative to SHAM. Although no group differences were observed in any cognitive outcomes, due to large individual differences in SWA enhancement, higher SWA responders showed significantly improved verbal fluency and working memory compared with nonresponders. Significant positive associations were found between SWA enhancement and improvement in these executive function outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that (1) an automated acoustic device enhances SWA; (2) SWA enhancement improves executive function; (3) SWA enhancement in middle-aged men may be an important therapeutic target for enhancing cognitive function; and (4) there is a need to examine interindividual responses to acoustic stimulation and its effect on subsequent cognitive function. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This study has been registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. "The efficacy of acoustic tones in slow-wave sleep enhancement and cognitive function in healthy adult males". https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371548&isReview=true. REGISTRATION ACTRN12617000399392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Diep
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne Ftouni
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica E Manousakis
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian L Nicholas
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Zhang Y, Quiñones GM, Ferrarelli F. Sleep spindle and slow wave abnormalities in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders: Recent findings and future directions. Schizophr Res 2020; 221:29-36. [PMID: 31753592 PMCID: PMC7231641 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sleep spindles and slow waves are the two main oscillatory activities occurring during NREM sleep. Slow waves are ∼1 Hz, high amplitude, negative-positive deflections that are primarily generated and coordinated within the cortex, whereas sleep spindles are 12-16 Hz, waxing and waning oscillations that are initiated within the thalamus and regulated by thalamo-cortical circuits. In healthy subjects, these oscillations are thought to be responsible for the restorative aspects of sleep and have been increasingly shown to be involved in learning, memory and plasticity. Furthermore, deficits in sleep spindles and, to lesser extent, slow waves have been reported in both chronic schizophrenia (SCZ) and early course psychosis patients. In this article, we will first describe sleep spindle and slow wave characteristics, including their putative functional roles in the healthy brain. We will then review electrophysiological, genetic, and cognitive studies demonstrating spindle and slow wave impairments in SCZ and other psychotic disorders, with particularly emphasis on recent findings in early course patients. Finally, we will discuss how future work, including sleep studies in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis, may help position spindles and slow waves as candidate biomarkers, as well as novel treatment targets, for SCZ and related psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA
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Changes in cross-frequency coupling following closed-loop auditory stimulation in non-rapid eye movement sleep. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10628. [PMID: 32606321 PMCID: PMC7326971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Regional changes of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep delta and sigma activity, and their temporal coupling have been related to experience-dependent plastic changes during previous wakefulness. These sleep-specific rhythms seem to be important for brain recovery and memory consolidation. Recently, it was demonstrated that by targeting slow waves in a particular region at a specific phase with closed-loop auditory stimulation, it is possible to locally manipulate slow-wave activity and interact with training-induced neuroplastic changes. In our study, we tested whether closed-loop auditory stimulation targeting the up-phase of slow waves might not only interact with the main sleep rhythms but also with their coupling within the circumscribed region. We demonstrate that while closed-loop auditory stimulation globally enhances delta, theta and sigma power, changes in cross-frequency coupling of these oscillations were more spatially restricted. Importantly, a significant increase in delta-sigma coupling was observed over the right parietal area, located directly posterior to the target electrode. These findings suggest that closed-loop auditory stimulation locally modulates coupling between delta phase and sigma power in a targeted region, which could be used to manipulate sleep-dependent neuroplasticity within the brain network of interest.
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Menicucci D, Piarulli A, Laurino M, Zaccaro A, Agrimi J, Gemignani A. Sleep slow oscillations favour local cortical plasticity underlying the consolidation of reinforced procedural learning in human sleep. J Sleep Res 2020; 29:e13117. [PMID: 32592318 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated changes of slow-wave activity and sleep slow oscillations in the night following procedural learning boosted by reinforcement learning, and how these changes correlate with behavioural output. In the Task session, participants had to reach a visual target adapting cursor's movements to compensate an angular deviation introduced experimentally, while in the Control session no deviation was applied. The task was repeated at 13:00 hours, 17:00 hours and 23:00 hours before sleep, and at 08:00 hours after sleep. The deviation angle was set at 15° (13:00 hours and 17:00 hours) and increased to 45° (reinforcement) at 23:00 hours and 08:00 hours. Both for Task and Control nights, high-density electroencephalogram sleep recordings were carried out (23:30-19:30 hours). The Task night as compared with the Control night showed increases of: (a) slow-wave activity (absolute power) over the whole scalp; (b) slow-wave activity (relative power) in left centro-parietal areas; (c) sleep slow oscillations rate in sensorimotor and premotor areas; (d) amplitude of pre-down and up states in premotor regions, left sensorimotor and right parietal regions; (e) sigma crowning the up state in right parietal regions. After Task night, we found an improvement of task performance showing correlations with sleep slow oscillations rate in right premotor, sensorimotor and parietal regions. These findings suggest a key role of sleep slow oscillations in procedural memories consolidation. The diverse components of sleep slow oscillations selectively reflect the network activations related to the reinforced learning of a procedural visuomotor task. Indeed, areas specifically involved in the task stand out as those with a significant association between sleep slow oscillations rate and overnight improvement in task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Menicucci
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Piarulli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marco Laurino
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Zaccaro
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacopo Agrimi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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35
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Inayat S, Qandeel, Nazariahangarkolaee M, Singh S, McNaughton BL, Whishaw IQ, Mohajerani MH. Low acetylcholine during early sleep is important for motor memory consolidation. Sleep 2020; 43:zsz297. [PMID: 31825510 PMCID: PMC7294415 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synaptic homeostasis theory of sleep proposes that low neurotransmitter activity in sleep optimizes memory consolidation. We tested this theory by asking whether increasing acetylcholine levels during early sleep would weaken motor memory consolidation. We trained separate groups of adult mice on the rotarod walking task and the single pellet reaching task, and after training, administered physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, to increase cholinergic tone in subsequent sleep. Post-sleep testing showed that physostigmine impaired motor skill acquisition of both tasks. Home-cage video monitoring and electrophysiology revealed that physostigmine disrupted sleep structure, delayed non-rapid-eye-movement sleep onset, and reduced slow-wave power in the hippocampus and cortex. Additional experiments showed that: (1) the impaired performance associated with physostigmine was not due to its effects on sleep structure, as 1 h of sleep deprivation after training did not impair rotarod performance, (2) a reduction in cholinergic tone by inactivation of cholinergic neurons during early sleep did not affect rotarod performance, and (3) stimulating or blocking muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors did not impair rotarod performance. Taken together, the experiments suggest that the increased slow wave activity and inactivation of both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors during early sleep due to reduced acetylcholine contribute to motor memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samsoon Inayat
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qandeel
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Surjeet Singh
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruce L McNaughton
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
| | - Ian Q Whishaw
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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36
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Morrow EL, Duff MC. Sleep Supports Memory and Learning: Implications for Clinical Practice in Speech-Language Pathology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2020; 29:577-585. [PMID: 32202919 DOI: 10.1044/2019_ajslp-19-00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This tutorial aims to draw attention to the interactions among memory, sleep, and therapy potential and to increase awareness and knowledge in the field of speech-language pathology of the potential impact of sleep as a mediating or moderating factor in promoting therapeutic outcome. Method We highlight key findings from the literature on the cognitive neuroscience of memory, the neurophysiology of sleep, how sleep supports memory, and how sleep disruption affects memory and learning abilities in populations commonly served in speech-language pathology. Results Research increasingly points to the critical importance of sleep quality and quantity to memory and learning, and sleep disruption is linked to deficits in functional cognition that may limit our clients' ability to benefit from speech pathology interventions. Conclusions As a field dedicated to promoting memory, learning, and relearning through our interventions, any systemic factors that affect these abilities demand our attention. Although speech-language pathologists do not treat sleep disturbance, we play a critical role in recognizing the signs and symptoms of sleep disturbance and making appropriate referrals, as undiagnosed and untreated sleep disturbance can have serious impacts on success in therapeutic contexts. By considering how related factors affect memory and learning, we have the opportunity to take a whole client approach to maximizing our clients' therapy potential and functional progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Morrow
- Department of Hearing & Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Melissa C Duff
- Department of Hearing & Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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37
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Local Targeted Memory Reactivation in Human Sleep. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1435-1446.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Amara AW, Wood KH, Joop A, Memon RA, Pilkington J, Tuggle SC, Reams J, Barrett MJ, Edwards DA, Weltman AL, Hurt CP, Cutter G, Bamman MM. Randomized, Controlled Trial of Exercise on Objective and Subjective Sleep in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:947-958. [PMID: 32092190 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep dysfunction is common and disabling in persons with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Exercise improves motor symptoms and subjective sleep quality in PD, but there are no published studies evaluating the impact of exercise on objective sleep outcomes. The goal of this study was to to determine if high-intensity exercise rehabilitation combining resistance training and body-weight interval training, compared with a sleep hygiene control improved objective sleep outcomes in PD. METHODS Persons with PD (Hoehn & Yahr stages 2-3; aged ≥45 years, not in a regular exercise program) were randomized to exercise (supervised 3 times a week for 16 weeks; n = 27) or a sleep hygiene, no-exercise control (in-person discussion and monthly phone calls; n = 28). Participants underwent polysomnography at baseline and post-intervention. Change in sleep efficiency was the primary outcome, measured from baseline to post-intervention. Intervention effects were evaluated with general linear models with measurement of group × time interaction. As secondary outcomes, we evaluated changes in other aspects of sleep architecture and compared the effects of acute and chronic training on objective sleep outcomes. RESULTS The exercise group showed significant improvement in sleep efficiency compared with the sleep hygiene group (group × time interaction: F = 16.0, P < 0.001, d = 1.08). Other parameters of sleep architecture also improved in exercise compared with sleep hygiene, including total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, and slow-wave sleep. Chronic but not acute exercise improved sleep efficiency compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity exercise rehabilitation improves objective sleep outcomes in PD. Exercise is an effective nonpharmacological intervention to improve this disabling nonmotor symptom in PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy W Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine. Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kimberly H Wood
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine. Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Psychology, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Allen Joop
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Raima A Memon
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer Pilkington
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - S Craig Tuggle
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine. Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - John Reams
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine. Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Matthew J Barrett
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - David A Edwards
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Arthur L Weltman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher P Hurt
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine. Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gary Cutter
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine. Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine. Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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You Snooze, You Win? An Ecological Dynamics Framework Approach to Understanding the Relationships Between Sleep and Sensorimotor Performance in Sport. Sleep Med Clin 2020; 15:31-39. [PMID: 32005348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sleep has a widespread impact across different domains of performance, including sensorimotor function. From an ecological dynamics perspective, sensorimotor function involves the continuous and dynamic coupling between perception and action. Sport performance relies on sensorimotor function as successful movement behaviors require accurate and efficient coupling between perceptions and actions. Compromised sleep impairs different aspects of sensorimotor performance, including perceptual attunement and motor execution. Changes in sensorimotor performance can be related to specific features of sleep, notably sleep spindles and slow waves. One unaddressed area of study is the extent to which specific sleep features contribute to overall sport-specific performance.
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40
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Marshall L, Cross N, Binder S, Dang-Vu TT. Brain Rhythms During Sleep and Memory Consolidation: Neurobiological Insights. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 35:4-15. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00004.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep can benefit memory consolidation. The characterization of brain regions underlying memory consolidation during sleep, as well as their temporal interplay, reflected by specific patterns of brain electric activity, is surfacing. Here, we provide an overview of recent concepts and results on the mechanisms of sleep-related memory consolidation. The latest studies strongly impacting future directions of research in this field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marshall
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Nathan Cross
- Perform Center, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, and Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sonja Binder
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- Perform Center, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, and Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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41
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Kayaba M, Ogata H, Park I, Ishihara A, Kawana F, Kokubo T, Fukusumi S, Hayashi M, Tokuyama K, Yanagisawa M, Satoh M. Improvement of Slow Wave Sleep Continuity by Mattress with Better Body Pressure Dispersal. SLEEP MEDICINE RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.17241/smr.2019.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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42
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Dash MB. Infraslow coordination of slow wave activity through altered neuronal synchrony. Sleep 2019; 42:5540154. [PMID: 31353415 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow wave activity (SWA; the EEG power between 0.5 and 4 Hz during non-rapid eye movement sleep [NREM]) is the best electrophysiological marker of sleep need; SWA dissipates across the night and increases following sleep deprivation. In addition to these well-documented homeostatic SWA trends, SWA exhibits extensive variability across shorter timescales (seconds to minutes) and between local cortical regions. The physiological underpinnings of SWA variability, however, remain poorly characterized. In male Sprague-Dawley rats, we observed that SWA exhibits pronounced infraslow fluctuations (~40- to 120-s periods) that are coordinated across disparate cortical locations. Peaks in SWA across infraslow cycles were associated with increased slope, amplitude, and duration of individual slow waves and a reduction in the total number of waves and proportion of multipeak waves. Using a freely available data set comprised of extracellular unit recordings during consolidated NREM episodes in male Long-Evans rats, we further show that infraslow SWA does not appear to arise as a consequence of firing rate modulation of putative excitatory or inhibitory neurons. Instead, infraslow SWA was associated with alterations in neuronal synchrony surrounding "On"/"Off" periods and changes in the number and duration of "Off" periods. Collectively, these data provide a mechanism by which SWA can be coordinated across disparate cortical locations and thereby connect local and global expression of this patterned neuronal activity. In doing so, infraslow SWA may contribute to the regulation of cortical circuits during sleep and thereby play a critical role in sleep function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Dash
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT
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43
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Kirszenblat L, Yaun R, van Swinderen B. Visual experience drives sleep need in Drosophila. Sleep 2019; 42:zsz102. [PMID: 31100151 PMCID: PMC6612675 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep optimizes waking behavior, however, waking experience may also influence sleep. We used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the relationship between visual experience and sleep in wild-type and mutant flies. We found that the classical visual mutant, optomotor-blind (omb), which has undeveloped horizontal system/vertical system (HS/VS) motion-processing cells and are defective in motion and visual salience perception, showed dramatically reduced and less consolidated sleep compared to wild-type flies. In contrast, optogenetic activation of the HS/VS motion-processing neurons in wild-type flies led to an increase in sleep following the activation, suggesting an increase in sleep pressure. Surprisingly, exposing wild-type flies to repetitive motion stimuli for extended periods did not increase sleep pressure. However, we observed that exposing flies to more complex image sequences from a movie led to more consolidated sleep, particularly when images were randomly shuffled through time. Our results suggest that specific forms of visual experience that involve motion circuits and complex, nonrepetitive imagery, drive sleep need in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Kirszenblat
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Rebecca Yaun
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Bruno van Swinderen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Usami K, Korzeniewska A, Matsumoto R, Kobayashi K, Hitomi T, Matsuhashi M, Kunieda T, Mikuni N, Kikuchi T, Yoshida K, Miyamoto S, Takahashi R, Ikeda A, Crone NE. The neural tides of sleep and consciousness revealed by single-pulse electrical brain stimulation. Sleep 2019; 42:zsz050. [PMID: 30794319 PMCID: PMC6559171 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wakefulness and sleep arise from global changes in brain physiology that may also govern the flow of neural activity between cortical regions responsible for perceptual processing versus planning and action. To test whether and how the sleep/wake cycle affects the overall propagation of neural activity in large-scale brain networks, we applied single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) in patients implanted with intracranial EEG electrodes for epilepsy surgery. SPES elicited cortico-cortical spectral responses at high-gamma frequencies (CCSRHG, 80-150 Hz), which indexes changes in neuronal population firing rates. Using event-related causality (ERC) analysis, we found that the overall patterns of neural propagation among sites with CCSRHG were different during wakefulness and different sleep stages. For example, stimulation of frontal lobe elicited greater propagation toward parietal lobe during slow-wave sleep than during wakefulness. During REM sleep, we observed a decrease in propagation within frontal lobe, and an increase in propagation within parietal lobe, elicited by frontal and parietal stimulation, respectively. These biases in the directionality of large-scale cortical network dynamics during REM sleep could potentially account for some of the unique experiential aspects of this sleep stage. Together these findings suggest that the regulation of conscious awareness and sleep is associated with differences in the balance of neural propagation across large-scale frontal-parietal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohide Usami
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anna Korzeniewska
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Riki Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takefumi Hitomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuhashi
- Research and Educational Unit of Leaders for Integrated Medical System, Kyoto University Graduate School of medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shizukawa Toon city, Ehime, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Mikuni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Andrade AG, Bubu OM, Varga AW, Osorio RS. The Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:S255-S270. [PMID: 29782319 DOI: 10.3233/jad-179936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are highly prevalent conditions with growing impact on our aging society. While the causes of OSA are now better characterized, the mechanisms underlying AD are still largely unknown, challenging the development of effective treatments. Cognitive impairment, especially affecting attention and executive functions, is a recognized clinical consequence of OSA. A deeper contribution of OSA to AD pathogenesis is now gaining support from several lines of research. OSA is intrinsically associated with disruptions of sleep architecture, intermittent hypoxia and oxidative stress, intrathoracic and hemodynamic changes as well as cardiovascular comorbidities. All of these could increase the risk for AD, rendering OSA as a potential modifiable target for AD prevention. Evidence supporting the relevance of each of these mechanisms for AD risk, as well as a possible effect of AD in OSA expression, will be explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia G Andrade
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Center for Brain Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omonigho M Bubu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Andrew W Varga
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo S Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Brain Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, NY, USA
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46
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Rattenborg NC, van der Meij J, Beckers GJL, Lesku JA. Local Aspects of Avian Non-REM and REM Sleep. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:567. [PMID: 31231182 PMCID: PMC6560081 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Birds exhibit two types of sleep that are in many respects similar to mammalian rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. As in mammals, several aspects of avian sleep can occur in a local manner within the brain. Electrophysiological evidence of NREM sleep occurring more deeply in one hemisphere, or only in one hemisphere – the latter being a phenomenon most pronounced in dolphins – was actually first described in birds. Such asymmetric or unihemispheric NREM sleep occurs with one eye open, enabling birds to visually monitor their environment for predators. Frigatebirds primarily engage in this form of sleep in flight, perhaps to avoid collisions with other birds. In addition to interhemispheric differences in NREM sleep intensity, the intensity of NREM sleep is homeostatically regulated in a local, use-depended manner within each hemisphere. Furthermore, the intensity and temporo-spatial distribution of NREM sleep-related slow waves varies across layers of the avian hyperpallium – a primary visual area – with the slow waves occurring first in, and propagating through and outward from, thalamic input layers. Slow waves also have the greatest amplitude in these layers. Although most research has focused on NREM sleep, there are also local aspects to avian REM sleep. REM sleep-related reductions in skeletal muscle tone appear largely restricted to muscles involved in maintaining head posture. Other local aspects of sleep manifest as a mixture of features of NREM and REM sleep occurring simultaneously in different parts of the neuroaxis. Like monotreme mammals, ostriches often exhibit brainstem-mediated features of REM sleep (muscle atonia and REMs) while the hyperpallium shows EEG slow waves typical of NREM sleep. Finally, although mice show slow waves in thalamic input layers of primary sensory cortices during REM sleep, this is not the case in the hyperpallium of pigeons, suggesting that this phenomenon is not a universal feature of REM sleep. Collectively, the local aspects of sleep described in birds and mammals reveal that wakefulness, NREM sleep, and REM sleep are not always discrete states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels C Rattenborg
- Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | | | - Gabriël J L Beckers
- Cognitive Neurobiology and Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - John A Lesku
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Djonlagic I, Aeschbach D, Harrison SL, Dean D, Yaffe K, Ancoli-Israel S, Stone K, Redline S. Associations between quantitative sleep EEG and subsequent cognitive decline in older women. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12666. [PMID: 29508460 PMCID: PMC7025429 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological processes of Alzheimer's dementia predate its clinical manifestation. Sleep disturbances can accelerate the aging process and are common features of dementia. This study examined whether quantitative sleep electroencephalogram changes predate the clinical development of mild cognitive impairment and/or incident dementia. We collected data from a nested case-control sample of women (mean age 83 years) from the Sleep and Cognition Study, an ancillary study to the longitudinal Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, who were characterized as cognitively normal at the time of a baseline polysomnography study (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures visit 8) based on a Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) score >24. Cases (n = 85) were women who developed new mild cognitive impairment or dementia by objective cognitive testing 5 years after polysomnography. Controls were women with no mild cognitive impairment/dementia (n = 85) at baseline or at follow-up. Differences in electroencephalogram absolute and relative power density were observed between the two groups. Specifically, higher electroencephalogram power values were found in the dementia/mild cognitive impairment group, for the alpha (p = .01) and theta bands (p = .04) in non-rapid eye movement sleep, as well as alpha (p = .04) and sigma (p = .04) bands in rapid eye movement sleep. In contrast, there were no group differences in traditional polysomnography measures of sleep architecture and sleep stage distribution, as well as sleep apnea and periodic limb movement indices. Our results provide evidence for quantitative electroencephalogram changes, which precede the clinical onset of cognitive decline and the diagnosis of dementia in elderly women, and support the application of quantitative sleep electroencephalogram analysis as a promising biomarker for imminent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Djonlagic
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Aeschbach
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Dean
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Katie Stone
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ferrarelli F, Kaskie R, Laxminarayan S, Ramakrishnan S, Reifman J, Germain A. An increase in sleep slow waves predicts better working memory performance in healthy individuals. Neuroimage 2019; 191:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Johnson BP, Scharf SM, Verceles AC, Westlake KP. Use of targeted memory reactivation enhances skill performance during a nap and enhances declarative memory during wake in healthy young adults. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12832. [PMID: 30740838 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is an important component of motor memory consolidation and learning, providing a critical tool to enhance training and rehabilitation. Following initial skill acquisition, memory consolidation is largely a result of non-rapid eye movement sleep over either a full night or a nap. Targeted memory reactivation is one method used to enhance this critical process, which involves the pairing of an external cue with task performance at the time of initial motor skill acquisition, followed by replay of the same cue during sleep. Application of targeted memory reactivation during sleep leads to increased functional connectivity within task-related brain networks and improved behavioural performance in healthy young adults. We have previously used targeted memory reactivation throughout the first two slow-wave sleep cycles of a full night of sleep to enhance non-dominant arm throwing accuracy in healthy young adults. Here, we aimed to determine whether application of targeted memory reactivation throughout a 1-hr daytime nap was sufficient to enhance performance on the same non-dominant arm throwing task in healthy young adults. Participants were allocated to either nap or no nap, and within those groups half received targeted memory reactivation throughout a 1-hr between-session period, leading to four groups. Only participants who slept between sessions while receiving targeted memory reactivation enhanced their throwing accuracy upon beginning the second session. Future studies will aim to use this technique as an adjunct to traditional physical rehabilitation with individuals with neurologic diagnoses such as stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Johnson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven M Scharf
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Avelino C Verceles
- Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelly P Westlake
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Lucey BP, McCullough A, Landsness EC, Toedebusch CD, McLeland JS, Zaza AM, Fagan AM, McCue L, Xiong C, Morris JC, Benzinger TLS, Holtzman DM. Reduced non-rapid eye movement sleep is associated with tau pathology in early Alzheimer's disease. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaau6550. [PMID: 30626715 PMCID: PMC6342564 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau6550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), deposition of insoluble amyloid-β (Aβ) is followed by intracellular aggregation of tau in the neocortex and subsequent neuronal cell loss, synaptic loss, brain atrophy, and cognitive impairment. By the time even the earliest clinical symptoms are detectable, Aβ accumulation is close to reaching its peak and neocortical tau pathology is frequently already present. The period in which AD pathology is accumulating in the absence of cognitive symptoms represents a clinically relevant time window for therapeutic intervention. Sleep is increasingly recognized as a potential marker for AD pathology and future risk of cognitive impairment. Previous studies in animal models and humans have associated decreased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep slow wave activity (SWA) with Aβ deposition. In this study, we analyzed cognitive performance, brain imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers in participants enrolled in longitudinal studies of aging. In addition, we monitored their sleep using a single-channel electroencephalography (EEG) device worn on the forehead. After adjusting for multiple covariates such as age and sex, we found that NREM SWA showed an inverse relationship with AD pathology, particularly tauopathy, and that this association was most evident at the lowest frequencies of NREM SWA. Given that our study participants were predominantly cognitively normal, this suggested that changes in NREM SWA, especially at 1 to 2 Hz, might be able to discriminate tau pathology and cognitive impairment either before or at the earliest stages of symptomatic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan P Lucey
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Austin McCullough
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eric C Landsness
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cristina D Toedebusch
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer S McLeland
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aiad M Zaza
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lena McCue
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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