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Terzo C, Gembillo G, Cernaro V, Longhitano E, Calabrese V, Casuscelli C, Peritore L, Santoro D. Investigational new drugs for the treatment of chronic renal failure: an overview of the literature. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:319-334. [PMID: 38429874 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2326624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widespread throughout the world, with a high social and health impact. It is considered a 'silent killer' for its sudden onset without symptoms in the early stages of the disease. The main goal of nephrologists is to slow the progression of kidney disease and treat the associated symptoms with a range of new medications. AREAS COVERED The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the new investigational drugs for the treatment of chronic renal failure. Data were obtained from the available scientific literature and from the ClinicalTrials.gov website. EXPERT OPINION Among the drugs currently being researched, SGLT2 inhibitors appear to be the most promising drugs for the treatment of CKD, has they have slower progression of CKD and protection of cardiorenal function. An important role in the future of CKD treatment is played by autologous cell-therapy, which appears to be a new frontier in the treatment of CKD. Other therapeutic strategies are currently being investigated and have been shown to slow the progression of CKD. However, further studies are needed to determine whether these approaches may offer benefits in slowing the progression of CKD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Terzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Gembillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Cernaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisa Longhitano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calabrese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Casuscelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Peritore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
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Ural C, Celik A, Ozbal S, Guneli E, Arslan S, Ergur BU, Cavdar C, Akdoğan G, Cavdar Z. The renoprotective effects of taurine against diabetic nephropathy via the p38 MAPK and TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathways. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1665-1677. [PMID: 37805666 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe diabetes complication, causes kidney morphological and structural changes due to extracellular matrix accumulation. This accumulation is caused mainly by oxidative stress. Semi-essential amino acid derivative taurine has powerful antioxidant and antifibrotic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the renoprotective effects of taurine through its possible roles in oxidative stress, extracellular matrix proteins, and the signaling pathways associated with the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in DN rats. 29 Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into control, taurine, diabetes, and diabetes + taurine groups. Diabetes animals were injected 45 mg/kg streptozosine. Taurine is given by adding to drinking water as 1% (w/v). Urine, serum, and kidney tissue were collected from rats for biochemical and histological analysis after 12 weeks. According to the studies, taurine significantly reduces the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and protein expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) that increase in diabetic kidney tissue. Also, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels significantly increased with taurine in diabetic rats. Moreover, increased mRNA and protein levels of fibronectin decreased with taurine. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities and their mRNA levels increased significantly, and this increase was significantly summed with taurine. There was a decrease in mRNA expression of Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN). Taurine significantly increased this decrease. Diabetes increased mRNA expressions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and Smad2/3. Taurine significantly reduced this induction. TGF-β protein expression, p38, and Smad2/3 activations were also inhibited, but taurine was suppressed significantly. All these findings indicate that taurine may be an effective practical strategy to prevent renal diabetic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemre Ural
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asli Celik
- Multidisciplinary Experimental Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seda Ozbal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ensari Guneli
- Multidisciplinary Experimental Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevki Arslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Bekir Ugur Ergur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus
| | - Caner Cavdar
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gül Akdoğan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zahide Cavdar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
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Faingold II, Soldatova YV, Poletaeva DA, Klimanova EN, Sanina NA. Influence of Nitrosyl Iron Complex with Thiosulfate Ligands on Therapeutically Important Targets Related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:615. [PMID: 37504981 PMCID: PMC10384030 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the lack of effective therapy, determine the need for new treatment options. The present study is focused on the NO-donors drug class as effective antidiabetic agents. Since numerous biological systems are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM, the most promising approach to the development of effective drugs for the treatment of T2DM is the search for pharmacologically active compounds that are selective for a number of therapeutic targets for T2DM and its complications: oxidative stress, non-enzymatic protein glycation, polyol pathway. The nitrosyl iron complex with thiosulfate ligands was studied in this work. Binuclear iron nitrosyl complexes are synthetic analogues of [2Fe-2S] centers in the regulatory protein natural reservoirs of NO. Due to their ability to release NO without additional activation under physiological conditions, these compounds are of considerable interest for the development of potential drugs. The present study explores the effects of tetranitrosyl iron complex with thiosulfate ligands (TNIC-ThS) on T2DM and its complications regarding therapeutic targets in vitro, as well as its ability to bind liposomal membrane, inhibit lipid peroxidation (LPO), and non-enzymatic glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA), as well as aldose reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes the reduction in glucose to sorbitol in the polyol pathway. Using the fluorescent probe method, it has been shown that TNIC-ThS molecules interact with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of model membranes. TNIC-ThS inhibits lipid peroxidation, exhibiting antiradical activity due to releasing NO (IC50 = 21.5 ± 3.7 µM). TNIC-ThS was found to show non-competitive inhibition of aldose reductase with Ki value of 5.25 × 10-4 M. In addition, TNIC-ThS was shown to be an effective inhibitor of the process of non-enzymatic protein glycation in vitro (IC50 = 47.4 ± 7.6 µM). Thus, TNIC-ThS may be considered to contribute significantly to the treatment of T2DM and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Faingold
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Yuliya V Soldatova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Darya A Poletaeva
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Elena N Klimanova
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Nataliya A Sanina
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
- Medicinal Chemistry Research and Education Center, Moscow Region State University, Mytishchy 142432, Russia
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Baliou S, Adamaki M, Ioannou P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Christodoulou I, Spandidos DA, Kyriakopoulos AM, Zoumpourlis V. Ameliorative effect of taurine against diabetes and renal-associated disorders (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2021; 1:3. [PMID: 36699147 PMCID: PMC9855276 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2021.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To develop novel therapeutic methods for both diabetic and renal disorders, scientists had initially focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of taurine in established cell lines and mouse models. Although a large amount of data have been revealed, taurine has been confirmed to be the next step of novel promising therapeutic interventions against diabetic disorders. Taurine appears to ameliorate diabetes 1-related complications in various organs through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hormonal actions. In type 2 diabetes, taurine has been positively implicated in glucose homeostasis, exerting potent hypoglycemic, anti-obesity, hypotensive and hypolipidemic effects. Of particular interest is that taurine provides protection against renal dysfunction, including hypertension and proteinuria, specific glomerular and tubular disorders, acute and chronic renal conditions, and diabetic nephropathy. The ameliorative effects of taurine against renal disorders are based on its osmoregulatory properties, its association with signaling pathways and its association with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Further clinical studies are required to ensure the importance of research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Christodoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece,Correspondence to: Dr Vassilis Zoumpourlis, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Konstantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
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Esmaeili F, Maleki V, Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M. The Effects of Taurine Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles, Pentosidine, Soluble Receptor of Advanced Glycation End Products and Methylglyoxal in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Can J Diabetes 2020; 45:39-46. [PMID: 32861603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Advanced glycation end products, along with methylglyoxal (MGO) as their precursor, play a major role in increased complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid), a conditionally essential amino acid, is found in most mammalian tissues. Taurine is known as an antiglycation compound. This study was designed to investigate the effects of taurine supplementation on metabolic profiles, pentosidine, MGO and soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products in patients with T2DM. METHODS In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 46 patients with T2DM were randomly allocated into taurine and placebo groups. Participants received either 3,000 mg/day taurine or placebo for 8 weeks. Metabolic profiles, pentosidine, MGO and soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products levels were assessed after 12 h of fasting at baseline and completion of the clinical trial. Independent t test, paired t test, Pearson correlation and analysis of covariance were used for analysis. RESULTS The mean serum levels of fasting blood sugar (p=0.01), glycated hemoglobin (p=0.04), insulin (p=0.03), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (p=0.004), total cholesterol (p=0.01) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.03) significantly were reduced in the taurine group at completion compared with the placebo group. In addition, after completion of the study, pentosidine (p=0.004) and MGO (p=0.006) were significantly reduced in the taurine group compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The results of this trial show that taurine supplementation may decrease diabetes complications through improving glycemic control and advanced glycation end products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Esmaeili
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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6
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Vallon V, Thomson SC. The tubular hypothesis of nephron filtration and diabetic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:317-336. [PMID: 32152499 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney size and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) often increase with the onset of diabetes, and elevated GFR is a risk factor for the development of diabetic kidney disease. Hyperfiltration mainly occurs in response to signals passed from the tubule to the glomerulus: high levels of glucose in the glomerular filtrate drive increased reabsorption of glucose and sodium by the sodium-glucose cotransporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 in the proximal tubule. Passive reabsorption of chloride and water also increases. The overall capacity for proximal reabsorption is augmented by growth of the proximal tubule, which (alongside sodium-glucose cotransport) further limits urinary glucose loss. Hyperreabsorption of sodium and chloride induces tubuloglomerular feedback from the macula densa to increase GFR. In addition, sodium-glucose cotransport by SGLT1 on macula densa cells triggers the production of nitric oxide, which also contributes to glomerular hyperfiltration. Although hyperfiltration restores sodium and chloride excretion it imposes added physical stress on the filtration barrier and increases the oxygen demand to drive reabsorption. Tubular growth is associated with the development of a senescence-like molecular signature that sets the stage for inflammation and fibrosis. SGLT2 inhibitors attenuate the proximal reabsorption of sodium and glucose, normalize tubuloglomerular feedback signals and mitigate hyperfiltration. This tubule-centred model of diabetic kidney physiology predicts the salutary effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on hard renal outcomes, as shown in large-scale clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Scott C Thomson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Midgley AC, Wei Y, Li Z, Kong D, Zhao Q. Nitric-Oxide-Releasing Biomaterial Regulation of the Stem Cell Microenvironment in Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1805818. [PMID: 31423672 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has proven to be an attractive solution for the treatment of degenerative diseases or injury. However, poor cell engraftment and survival within injured tissues limits the successful use of stem cell therapy within the clinical setting. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in various physiological processes. Emerging evidence supports NO's diverse roles in modulating stem cell behavior, including survival, migration, differentiation, and paracrine secretion of proregenerative factors. Thus, there has been a shift in research focus to concentrate efforts on the delivery of therapeutic concentration ranges of NO to the target tissue sites. Combinatory therapies utilizing biomaterials that control NO generation and support stem cell delivery can be holistic and synergistic approaches to significantly improve tissue regeneration. Here, the focus is on recent developments of various therapeutic platforms, engineered to both transport NO and to enhance stem-cell-mediated regeneration of damaged tissues. New and emerging revelations of how the stem cell microenvironment can be regulated by NO-releasing biomaterials are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Midgley
- Rongxiang Xu Center for Regenerative Life Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongzhen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Deling Kong
- Rongxiang Xu Center for Regenerative Life Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Tao S, Zheng W, Liu Y, Li L, Li L, Ren Q, Shi M, Liu J, Jiang J, Ma H, Huang Z, Xia Z, Pan J, Wei T, Wang Y, Li P, Lan T, Ma L, Fu P. Analysis of serum metabolomics among biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy, type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18713-18719. [PMID: 35516902 PMCID: PMC9064812 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01561b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a rising prevalence and diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of T2DM. Metabolomics could provide novel insights into the pathogenesis, so we aimed to explore serum metabolomic profiles from DN to T2DM. Serum samples were collected from 14 biopsy-proven DNs, 14 age/gender-matched T2DMs without renal diseases (DM), 14 age/gender-matched healthy controls (CTRL) and household contacts of DM group (HH). Serum metabolomics was analyzed by untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) assays. There were a total of 1470 metabolites identified from all serum samples. 45 metabolites with significantly different intensity were found between DN and DM, e.g., biliverdin and taurine were reduced while l-arginine was increased in DN comparing to DM. DN could be distinguished from age/gender matched DM patients by l-arginine (AUC = 0.824) or taurine levels (AUC = 0.789). The metabolic pathways affected by metabolite distinctions between DN and DM also existed, among which taurine and hypotaurine metabolism exhibited the highest pathway impact. l-Methionine, deethylatrazine, l-tryptophan and fumaric acid were reduced in DM comparing with those of CTRL, but had no different intensity in DM and HH groups. The changes were demonstrated in the metabolomic profiles of biopsy-proven DN compared to DM. Biopsy-proven DN patients could be distinguished from age/gender matched DM by l-arginine or taurine levels in serum metabolomic profiles. Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway had the highest impact in pathway set enrichment analysis, which potentially affected the pathogenesis of DN from T2DM. Metabolites between healthy controls (CTRL)/type 2 diabetes mellitus without renal diseases (DM), and DM/diabetic nephropathy (DN).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibei Tao
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Wen Zheng
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Chinese Health Service Management Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Qian Ren
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Min Shi
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Jing Liu
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Huichao Ma
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Zhuo Huang
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Zijing Xia
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Jing Pan
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Tiantian Wei
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Peiyun Li
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Tian Lan
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167.,Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Beijing 10000 China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University No. 37 Guoxue alley Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85164167
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Foroumandi E, Alizadeh M, Kheirouri S, Asghari Jafarabadi M. Exploring the role of body mass index in relationship of serum nitric oxide and advanced glycation end products in apparently healthy subjects. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213307. [PMID: 30856212 PMCID: PMC6411143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify any association of serum nitric oxide (NO) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with body mass index (BMI) in apparently healthy subjects. In this cross-sectional study, participants were 90 apparently healthy subjects, categorized into three BMI groups as follows: BMI≤19.5 (n = 21), 19.6≤BMI≤24.9 (n = 35), and BMI≥25 (n = 34). Serum levels of NO were measured by griess reaction method. Determination of serum pentosidine and carboxymethyllysine (CML) was done using ELISA. Median (95% confidence interval [CI]: lower- upper) of serum NO in subjects with BMI≥25 were 68.94 (CI: 55.01–70.56) μmol/L, which was higher compared with 19.6≤BMI≤24.9 and BMI≤19.5 groups (22.65 (CI: 19.29–28.17) μmol/L and 8.00 (CI: 9.12–29.58) μmol/L, respectively). Serum NO positively correlated with BMI in total subjects (r = 0.585, p<0.001), which this correlation was significant in both male and female groups (r = 0.735, p<0.001 and r = 0.476, p = 0.001, respectively). Serum pentosidine and CML were significantly lower in subjects with higher BMI. Further, BMI showed negative correlations with pentosidine and CML (r = -0.363, p<0.001 and r = -0.484, p<0.001, respectively). There were not any significant differences in serum NO, pentosidine, and CML levels between sex groups. After adjusting the effects of confounders (BMI, sex, age, and waist to hip ratio), serum NO significantly correlated with serum pentosidine and CML (r = -0.319, p = 0.003 and r = -0.433, p<0.001, respectively). It is concluded that higher BMI is accompanied by increased serum NO and suppressed pentosidine and CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Foroumandi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kan WC, Hwang JY, Chuang LY, Guh JY, Ye YL, Yang YL, Huang JS. Effect of osthole on advanced glycation end products-induced renal tubular hypertrophy and role of klotho in its mechanism of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:205-212. [PMID: 30668400 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osthole has been widely reported to have pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. Klotho was identified as an anti-senescence protein in a variety of tissues. Loss of klotho has been associated with chronic kidney disease. However, potential roles and molecular events for osthole and klotho in diabetic nephropathy remain unclear. PURPOSE In the current study, we undertook to study the effect of osthole on klotho expression in advanced glycation end products (AGE)-cultured human renal proximal tubular cells, and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of osthole and exogenous klotho against AGE-induced renal tubular hypertrophy. METHODS Cell viability was elucidated by MTT assay. Protein expression was measured by Western blotting. mRNA level was analyzed by real-time PCR. Cellular hypertrophy growth was evaluated by hypertrophy index. Relative cell size was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that raising the ambient AGE concentration causes a dose-dependent decrease in klotho synthesis. Osthole significantly increased AGE-inhibited klotho mRNA and protein expression. Osthole and exogenous klotho treatments significantly attenuated AGE-induced Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT3 activation. Moreover, protein levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3 were augmented by osthole and exogenous klotho. The abilities of osthole and exogenous klotho to reverse AGE-induced cellular hypertrophy were verified by the observation that osthole and exogenous klotho inhibited p21Waf1/Cip1/collagen IV/RAGE expression, total protein content, and cell size. CONCLUSION Consequently, we found that osthole attenuated AGE-induced renal tubular hypertrophy via induction of klotho expression and suppression of the JAK2-STAT1/STAT3 signaling. These results also showed that klotho might be used as a unique molecular target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Kan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Yu Hwang
- Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lea-Yea Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Yuh Guh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Ye
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Shyang Huang
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, 89, Wen-Hwa 1st St. Rende Dist., Tainan 71703, Taiwan.
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Piao F, Aadil RM, Suleman R, Li K, Zhang M, Wu P, Shahbaz M, Ahmed Z. Ameliorative effects of taurine against diabetes: a review. Amino Acids 2018; 50:487-502. [PMID: 29492671 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diets in rats and humans have shown promising results. Taurine improved glucagon activity, promoted glycemic stability, modified glucose levels, successfully addressed hyperglycemia via advanced glycation end-product control, improved insulin secretion and had a beneficial effect on insulin resistance. Taurine treatment performed well against oxidative stress in brain, increased the secretion of required hormones and protected against neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy in diabetes compared with the control. Taurine has been observed to be effective in treatments against diabetic hepatotoxicity, vascular problems and heart injury in diabetes. Taurine was shown to be effective against oxidative stress. The mechanism of action of taurine cannot be explained by one pathway, as it has many effects. Several of the pathways are the advanced glycation end-product pathway, PI3-kinase/AKT pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The worldwide threat of diabetes underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic measures against this disorder. Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) is a natural compound that has been studied in diabetes and diabetes-induced complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Piao
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Suleman
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixin Li
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Mengren Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Pingan Wu
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bhawalpur, Pakistan
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12
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The pathological role of advanced glycation end products-downregulated heat shock protein 60 in islet β-cell hypertrophy and dysfunction. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23072-87. [PMID: 27056903 PMCID: PMC5029611 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is a mitochondrial chaperone. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been shown to interfere with the β-cell function. We hypothesized that AGEs induced β-cell hypertrophy and dysfunction through a HSP60 dysregulation pathway during the stage of islet/β-cell hypertrophy of type-2-diabetes. We investigated the role of HSP60 in AGEs-induced β-cell hypertrophy and dysfunction using the models of diabetic mice and cultured β-cells. Hypertrophy, increased levels of p27Kip1, AGEs, and receptor for AGEs (RAGE), and decreased levels of HSP60, insulin, and ATP content were obviously observed in pancreatic islets of 12-week-old db/db diabetic mice. Low-concentration AGEs significantly induced the cell hypertrophy, increased the p27Kip1 expression, and decreased the HSP60 expression, insulin secretion, and ATP content in cultured β-cells, which could be reversed by RAGE neutralizing antibody. HSP60 overexpression significantly reversed AGEs-induced hypertrophy, dysfunction, and ATP reduction in β-cells. Oxidative stress was also involved in the AGEs-decreased HSP60 expression in β-cells. Pancreatic sections from diabetic patient showed islet hypertrophy, increased AGEs level, and decreased HSP60 level as compared with normal subject. These findings highlight a novel mechanism by which a HSP60-correlated signaling pathway contributes to the AGEs-RAGE axis-induced β-cell hypertrophy and dysfunction under diabetic hyperglycemia.
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Lotfipour S, Smith MT. Morphine hyposensitivity in streptozotocin-diabetic rats: Reversal by dietary l
-arginine treatment. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 45:42-49. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrdad Lotfipour
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Maree T. Smith
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development; UQ Centre for Clinical Research; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
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Sarkar P, Basak P, Ghosh S, Kundu M, Sil PC. Prophylactic role of taurine and its derivatives against diabetes mellitus and its related complications. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:109-121. [PMID: 29050977 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid present in the body in free form. Mammalian taurine is synthesized in the pancreas via the cysteine sulfinic acid pathway. Anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation are two main properties through which it exerts its therapeutic effects. Many studies have shown its excellent therapeutic potential against diabetes mellitus and related complications like diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, hematological dysfunctions, reproductive dysfunctions, liver and pancreas related complications etc. Not only taurine, a number of its derivatives have also been reported to be important in ameliorating diabetic complications. The present review has been aimed to describe the importance of taurine and its derivatives against diabetic metabolic syndrome and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Sarkar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata-700054, India
| | - Priyanka Basak
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata-700054, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata-700054, India
| | - Mousumi Kundu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata-700054, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata-700054, India.
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15
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Chen L, LaRocque LM, Efe O, Wang J, Sands JM, Klein JD. Effect of Dapagliflozin Treatment on Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Diabetic Rats. Am J Med Sci 2016; 352:517-523. [PMID: 27865300 PMCID: PMC5119919 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluates the effect of dapagliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, on fluid or electrolyte balance and its effect on urea transporter-A1 (UT-A1), aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) protein abundance in diabetic rats. METHODS Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by injection of streptozotocin into the tail vein. Serum Na+, K+, Cl- concentration, urine Na+, K+, Cl- excretion, blood glucose, urine glucose excretion, urine volume, urine osmolality and urine urea excretion were analyzed after the administration of dapagliflozin. UT-A1, AQP2 and NKCC2 proteins were detected by western blot. RESULTS Dapagliflozin treatment decreased blood glucose concentration by 38% at day 7 and by 47% at day 14 and increased the urinary glucose excretion rate compared with the untreated diabetic animals. Increased 24-hour urine volume, decreased urine osmolality and hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypochloremia observed in diabetic rats were attenuated by dapagliflozin treatment. Western blot analysis showed that UT-A1, AQP2 and NKCC2 proteins are upregulated in DM rats over control rats; dapagliflozin treatment results in a further increase in inner medulla tip UT-A1 protein abundance by 42% at day 7 and by 46% at day 14, but it did not affect the DM-induced upregulation of AQP2 and NKCC2 proteins. CONCLUSION Dapagliflozin treatment augmented the compensatory changes in medullary transport proteins in DM. These changes would tend to conserve solute and water even with persistent glycosuria. Therefore, diabetic rats treated with dapagliflozin have a mild osmotic diuresis compared to nondiabetic animals, but this does not result in an electrolyte disorder or significant volume depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lauren M LaRocque
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Orhan Efe
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Janet D Klein
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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16
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Huang JS, Lee YH, Chuang LY, Guh JY, Hwang JY. Cinnamaldehyde and nitric oxide attenuate advanced glycation end products-induced the Jak/STAT signaling in human renal tubular cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1028-38. [PMID: 25561392 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde is a major and a bioactive compound isolated from the leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum kaneh. It possesses anti-diabetic properties in vitro and in vivo and has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. To explore whether cinnamaldehyde was linked to altered advanced glycation end products (AGE)-mediated diabetic nephropathy, the molecular mechanisms of cinnamaldehyde responsible for inhibition of AGE-reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity in human renal proximal tubular cells were examined. We found that raising the ambient AGE concentration causes a dose-dependent decrease in NO generation. Cinnamaldehyde significantly reverses AGE-inhibited NO generation and induces high levels of cGMP synthesis and PKG activation. Treatments with cinnamaldehyde, the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, and the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 markedly attenuated AGE-inhibited NOS protein levels and NO generation. Moreover, AGE-induced the JAK2-STAT1/STAT3 activation, RAGE/p27(Kip1) /collagen IV protein levels, and cellular hypertrophy were reversed by cinnamaldehyde. The ability of cinnamaldehyde to suppress STAT activation was also verified by the observation that it significantly increased SCOS-3 protein level. These findings indicate for the first time that in the presence of cinnamaldehyde, the suppression of AGE-induced biological responses is probably mediated by inactivating the JAK2-STAT1/STAT3 cascade or activating the NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jau-Shyang Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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17
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Li X, Li C, Li X, Cui P, Li Q, Guo Q, Han H, Liu S, Sun G. Involvement of Histone Lysine Methylation in p21 Gene Expression in Rat Kidney In Vivo and Rat Mesangial Cells In Vitro under Diabetic Conditions. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:3853242. [PMID: 27652271 PMCID: PMC5019898 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3853242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a common complication associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), characterized by glomerular mesangial expansion, inflammation, accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, and hypertrophy, is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Increasing evidence suggested that p21-dependent glomerular and mesangial cell (MC) hypertrophy play key roles in the pathogenesis of DN. Recently, posttranscriptional modifications (PTMs) have uncovered novel molecular mechanisms involved in DN. However, precise regulatory mechanism of histone lysine methylation (HKme) mediating p21 related hypertrophy associated with DN is not clear. We evaluated the roles of HKme and histone methyltransferase (HMT) SET7/9 in p21 gene expression in glomeruli of diabetic rats and in high glucose- (HG-) treated rat mesangial cells (RMCs). p21 gene expression was upregulated in diabetic rats glomeruli; chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed decreased histone H3-lysine9-dimethylation (H3K9me2) accompanied with enhanced histone H3-lysine4-methylation (H3K4me1/3) and SET7/9 occupancies at the p21 promoter. HG-treated RMCs exhibited increased p21 mRNA, H3K4me level, SET7/9 recruitment, and inverse H3K9me, which were reversed by TGF-β1 antibody. These data uncovered key roles of H3Kme and SET7/9 responsible for p21 gene expression in vivo and in vitro under diabetic conditions and confirmed preventive effect of TGF-β1 antibody on DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Li
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chaoyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Peihe Cui
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Qiaoyan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Hongbo Han
- Department of Endocrinology, 208th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Guangdong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
- *Guangdong Sun:
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NIRALA BIKESHK, GOHIL NIVEDITAKARMAKAR. EFFECT OF GLYCATED SERUM ALBUMIN ON FUNCTIONAL MARKERS IN HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN THE PRESENCE OF SHEAR STRESS. J MECH MED BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519415500268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Regions of the vasculature subjected to low wall shear stress and disturbed flow patterns are prone to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Pro-inflammatory conditions induced by products of protein glycation in diabetes substantially enhance this risk. One of the contributory factors is the enhanced production of ROS by advanced glycation end products (AGE) of proteins and lipids formed in chronic diabetes. In this study, we examine the interaction of oscillatory wall shear stress and glycated serum albumin (AGE-HSA) in modulating NOsynthase activity and expression of pro-inflammatory molecules such as RAGE, s-ICAM-1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) in cultured HUVEC. Our findings indicate that orbital shear stress (OSS) up-regulates RAGE expression at low (LSS 4.5 dyn/cm2) more than at high shear stress (HSS 12 dyn/cm2) at 4 h. This effect is promoted in the AGE-HSA (2 mg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner. Augmentation of NOsynthase activity was lower at LSS and further inhibited in the presence of AGE-HSA. Expression of s-ICAM-1 was found to be shear stress modulated with additive up-regulation in combination with AGE-HSA while MMP-9 was not affected by shear stress or AGE-HSA individually but in combination caused significant up-regulation. These changes in endothelial function correlate with mechanisms that initiate atherogenic process in diabetic macrovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- BIKESH K. NIRALA
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - NIVEDITA KARMAKAR GOHIL
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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19
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Vidyashankar S, Babu UV, Patki PS. Gymnemasylvestre derived compounds inhibit GSH depletion and increase cGMP and nitric oxide to attenuate advanced glycation end products induced hypertrophic growth in renal tubular epithelial cells. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:834-842. [PMID: 28962295 PMCID: PMC5598397 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) plays significant role in developing tubular hypertrophy during diabetic nephropathy (DN). Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO) are directly involved in the progression of DN. We have studied the effect of standardized Gymnemasylvestre organic extract (GE) on AGE induced cellular hypertrophy using rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK 52E). AGE (400 μg/ml) induced cytotoxicity to NRK 52E cells as determined by MTT assay at 0–72 h. We report cellular hypertrophy mediated cytotoxicity by AGE which was the result of significant reduction in the cellular nitric oxide and cGMP levels associated with increased lipid peroxidation and antioxidant depletion (P < 0.05). Upon treatment with GE the cell viability was increased with reduced cellular hypertrophy by 1.7 folds when compared to AGE treated group. GE could significantly increase NO by 1.9 folds and cGMP by 2.8 folds and inhibited GSH depletion by 50% during AGE induced toxicity. The antioxidant enzyme activity of catalase was increased by 50% while, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities were significantly increased by 42% and 67% with decreased lipid peroxidation (49%) upon GE treatment. Thus, GE attenuates AGE induced hypertrophic growth by inhibiting GSH depletion and partly through increased NO/cGMP signaling.
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Key Words
- AGE, advanced glycation end products
- Advanced glycation end products (AGE)
- Antioxidant enzymes
- CAT, catalase
- Cyclic GMP
- DN, diabetic nephropathy
- GE, Gymnemasylvestre organic extract
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- Glutathione
- Gymnemasylvestre
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- Nitric oxide
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyakumar Vidyashankar
- Cell Biology, Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bangalore 562162, India
| | - Uddagiri Venkanna Babu
- Phytochemistry, Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bangalore 562162, India
| | - Pralhad Sadashiv Patki
- Medical Services Clinical Trials, Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bangalore 562162, India
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Vallon V, Thomson SC. Renal function in diabetic disease models: the tubular system in the pathophysiology of the diabetic kidney. Annu Rev Physiol 2012; 74:351-75. [PMID: 22335797 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020911-153333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus affects the kidney in stages. At the onset of diabetes mellitus, in a subset of diabetic patients the kidneys grow large, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) becomes supranormal, which are risk factors for developing diabetic nephropathy later in life. This review outlines a pathophysiological concept that focuses on the tubular system to explain these changes. The concept includes the tubular hypothesis of glomerular filtration, which states that early tubular growth and sodium-glucose cotransport enhance proximal tubule reabsorption and make the GFR supranormal through the physiology of tubuloglomerular feedback. The diabetic milieu triggers early tubular cell proliferation, but the induction of TGF-β and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors causes a cell cycle arrest and a switch to tubular hypertrophy and a senescence-like phenotype. Although this growth phenotype explains unusual responses like the salt paradox of the early diabetic kidney, the activated molecular pathways may set the stage for tubulointerstitial injury and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Vallon
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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21
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Cipriani P, Kim SL, Klein JD, Sim JH, von Bergen TN, Blount MA. The role of nitric oxide in the dysregulation of the urine concentration mechanism in diabetes mellitus. Front Physiol 2012; 3:176. [PMID: 22685437 PMCID: PMC3368392 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus results in osmotic diuresis. Diabetic patients have lowered nitric oxide (NO) which may exacerbate polyuria. We examined how lack of NO affects the transporters involved in urine concentration in diabetic animals. Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin. Control and diabetic rats were given L-NAME for 3 weeks. Urine osmolality, urine output, and expression of urea and water transporters and the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter were examined. Predictably, diabetic rats presented with polyuria (increased urine volume and decreased urine osmolality). Although metabolic parameters of control rats were unaffected by L-NAME, treated diabetic rats produced 30% less urine and osmolality was restored. UT-A1 and UT-A3 were significantly increased in diabetic rat inner medulla. While L-NAME treatment alone did not alter UT-A1 or UT-A3 abundance, absence of NO prevented the upregulation of both transporters in diabetic rats. Similarly, AQP2 and NKCC2 abundance was increased in diabetic animals however, expression of these transporters were unchanged by L-NAME treatment of diabetes. Increased expression of the concentrating transporters observed in diabetic rats provides a compensatory mechanism to decrease solute loss despite persistent glycosuria. Our studies found that although diabetic-induced glycosylation remained increased, total protein expression was decreased to control levels in diabetic rats treated with L-NAME. While the role of NO in urine concentration remains unclear, lowered NO associated with diabetes may be deleterious to the transporters’ response to the subsequent osmotic diuresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Cipriani
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
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22
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Yan G, Huang Y, Bu Q, Lv L, Deng P, Zhou J, Wang Y, Yang Y, Liu Q, Cen X, Zhao Y. Zinc oxide nanoparticles cause nephrotoxicity and kidney metabolism alterations in rats. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:577-88. [PMID: 22375541 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.650576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been widely used, their potential hazards on mammalian and human remain largely unknown. In this study, the biochemical compositions of urine and kidney from the rats treated with ZnO NPs (100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively) were investigated using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique with the pattern recognition of partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Hematology, clinical biochemistry and kidney histopathological examinations were also performed. Metabolic profiles from rats treated with ZnO NP(S) exhibited increases in the levels of taurine, lactate, acetate, creatine, phosphocholine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, α-glucose, and 3-D-hydroxybutyrate, as well as decreases in lipid, succinate, citrate, α-ketoglutarate, hippurate and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in urine after ZnO NPs treatment for 14 days. A similar alteration pattern was also identified in kidney. Urine choline and phosphocholine increased significantly shortly after ZnO NPs treatment, moreover, some amino acids and glucose also increased during the experimental period. However, succinate, citrate and α-ketoglutarate in urine exhibited a different alteration trend, which showed increases on the first day after ZnO NPs treatment, but decreases gradually until the termination of the study. A similar alteration pattern of urinary (1)H NMR spectra was also detected in kidney. Moreover, ZnO NPs (1000 mg/kg) resulted in significant increases in serum creatine and blood urea nitrogen, decreases in hemoglobin, haematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and overt tubular epithelial cell necrosis. These findings show that ZnO NPs can disturb the energy metabolism and cause mitochondria and cell membrane impairment in rat kidney, which may contribute to ZnO NPs-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Liao YC, Lee YH, Chuang LY, Guh JY, Shi MD, Huang JS. Advanced glycation end products-mediated hypertrophy is negatively regulated by tetrahydrobiopterin in renal tubular cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 355:71-7. [PMID: 22326994 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) is a key mediator of renal tubular hypertrophy in DN. Elimination of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability may contribute to the aggravation of DN. The present study aims to explore any possible beneficial effect of exogenous BH(4) in alleviating the AGE-induced renal tubular hypertrophy in DN. Thus, renal tubular cells were treated with BH(4), BH(2), sepiapterin, or DAHP in the presence of AGE. We found that AGE (but not non-glycated BSA) markedly reduced NO production and increased hypertrophy index in these cells. Exogenous BH(4)/BH(2) and sepiapterin treatments attenuated AGE-inhibited the iNOS/NO/GTPCH I protein synthesis. Moreover, BH(4) and BH(2) significantly reversed AGE-enhanced the JAK2-STAT1/STAT3 activation. The abilities of BH(4) and BH(2) to inhibit AGE-induced renal cellular hypertrophy were verified by the observation that BH(4) and BH(2) inhibited hypertrophic growth and the protein synthesis of p27(Kip1) and α-SMA. These findings indicate for the first time that exogenous BH(4) and BH(2) attenuate AGE-induced hypertrophic effect at least partly by increasing the iNOS/GTPCH I synthesis and NO generation in renal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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Han X, Chesney RW. The role of taurine in renal disorders. Amino Acids 2012; 43:2249-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Christophersen OA. Radiation protection following nuclear power accidents: a survey of putative mechanisms involved in the radioprotective actions of taurine during and after radiation exposure. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2012; 23:14787. [PMID: 23990836 PMCID: PMC3747764 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v23i0.14787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are several animal experiments showing that high doses of ionizing radiation lead to strongly enhanced leakage of taurine from damaged cells into the extracellular fluid, followed by enhanced urinary excretion. This radiation-induced taurine depletion can itself have various harmful effects (as will also be the case when taurine depletion is due to other causes, such as alcohol abuse or cancer therapy with cytotoxic drugs), but taurine supplementation has been shown to have radioprotective effects apparently going beyond what might be expected just as a consequence of correcting the harmful consequences of taurine deficiency per se. The mechanisms accounting for the radioprotective effects of taurine are, however, very incompletely understood. In this article an attempt is made to survey various mechanisms that potentially might be involved as parts of the explanation for the overall beneficial effect of high levels of taurine that has been found in experiments with animals or isolated cells exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation. It is proposed that taurine may have radioprotective effects by a combination of several mechanisms: (1) during the exposure to ionizing radiation by functioning as an antioxidant, but perhaps more because it counteracts the prooxidant catalytic effect of iron rather than functioning as an important scavenger of harmful molecules itself, (2) after the ionizing radiation exposure by helping to reduce the intensity of the post-traumatic inflammatory response, and thus reducing the extent of tissue damage that develops because of severe inflammation rather than as a direct effect of the ionizing radiation per se, (3) by functioning as a growth factor helping to enhance the growth rate of leukocytes and leukocyte progenitor cells and perhaps also of other rapidly proliferating cell types, such as enterocyte progenitor cells, which may be important for immunological recovery and perhaps also for rapid repair of various damaged tissues, especially in the intestines, and (4) by functioning as an antifibrogenic agent. A detailed discussion is given of possible mechanisms involved both in the antioxidant effects of taurine, in its anti-inflammatory effects and in its role as a growth factor for leukocytes and nerve cells, which might be closely related to its role as an osmolyte important for cellular volume regulation because of the close connection between cell volume regulation and the regulation of protein synthesis as well as cellular protein degradation. While taurine supplementation alone would be expected to exert a therapeutic effect far better than negligible in patients that have been exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation, it may on theoretical grounds be expected that much better results may be obtained by using taurine as part of a multifactorial treatment strategy, where it may interact synergistically with several other nutrients, hormones or other drugs for optimizing antioxidant protection and minimizing harmful posttraumatic inflammatory reactions, while using other nutrients to optimize DNA and tissue repair processes, and using a combination of good diet, immunostimulatory hormones and perhaps other nontoxic immunostimulants (such as beta-glucans) for optimizing the recovery of antiviral and antibacterial immune functions. Similar multifactorial treatment strategies may presumably be helpful in several other disease situations (including severe infectious diseases and severe asthma) as well as for treatment of acute intoxications or acute injuries (both mechanical ones and severe burns) where severely enhanced oxidative and/or nitrative stress and/or too much secretion of vasodilatory neuropeptides from C-fibres are important parts of the pathogenetic mechanisms that may lead to the death of the patient. Some case histories (with discussion of some of those mechanisms that may have been responsible for the observed therapeutic outcome) are given for illustration of the likely validity of these concepts and their relevance both for treatment of severe infections and non-infectious inflammatory diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis.
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The potential usefulness of taurine on diabetes mellitus and its complications. Amino Acids 2011; 42:1529-39. [PMID: 21437784 PMCID: PMC3325402 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a free amino acid found ubiquitously in millimolar concentrations in all mammalian tissues. Taurine exerts a variety of biological actions, including antioxidation, modulation of ion movement, osmoregulation, modulation of neurotransmitters, and conjugation of bile acids, which may maintain physiological homeostasis. Recently, data is accumulating that show the effectiveness of taurine against diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and its complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy, independent of hypoglycemic effect in several animal models. The useful effects appear due to the multiple actions of taurine on cellular functions. This review summarizes the beneficial effects of taurine supplementation on diabetes mellitus and the molecular mechanisms underlying its effectiveness.
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27
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Zou XQ, Peng SM, Hu CP, Tan LF, Deng HW, Li YJ. Furoxan nitric oxide donor coupled chrysin derivatives: Synthesis and vasculoprotection. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1222-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Afanas'ev I. Signaling of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in Diabetes mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2010; 3:361-73. [PMID: 21311214 PMCID: PMC3154046 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.3.6.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disorder of physiological signaling functions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) nitric oxide and peroxynitrite is an important feature of diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2. It is now known that hyperglycemic conditions of cells are associated with the enhanced levels of ROS mainly generated by mitochondria and NADPH oxidase. It has been established that ROS stimulate many enzymatic cascades under normal physiological conditions, but hyperglycemia causes ROS overproduction and the deregulation of ROS signaling pathways initiating the development of diabetes mellitus. On the other hand the deregulation of RNS signaling leads basically to a decrease in NO formation with subsequent damaging disorders. In the present work we will consider the pathological changes of ROS and RNS signaling in enzyme/gene regulated processes catalyzed by protein kinases C and B (Akt/B), phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-kinase), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and some others. Furthermore we will discuss a particularly important role of several ROS-regulated genes and adapter proteins such as the p66shc, FOXO3a, and Sirt2. The effects of low and high ROS levels in diabetes will be also considered. Thus the regulation of damaging ROS levels in diabetes by antioxidants and free radical scavengers must be one of promising treatment of this disease, however, because of the inability of traditional antioxidative vitamin E and C to interact with superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, new free radical scavengers such as flavonoids, quinones and synthetic mimetics of superoxide dismutase (SOD) should be intensively studied.
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Chen SC, Guh JY, Hwang CC, Chiou SJ, Lin TD, Ko YM, Huang JS, Yang YL, Chuang LY. Advanced glycation end-products activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase via the oxidative stress-EGF receptor pathway in renal fibroblasts. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:38-48. [PMID: 19885844 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) are implicated in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Therefore, we asked if AGEs-induced ERK protein phosphorylation and mitogenesis are dependent on the receptor for AGEs (RAGE)-ROS-EGFR pathway in normal rat kidney interstitial fibroblast (NRK-49F) cells. We found that AGEs (100 microg/ml) activated EGFR and ERK1/2, which was attenuated by RAGE short-hairpin RNA (shRNA). AGEs also increased RAGE protein and intracellular ROS levels while RAGE shRNA and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuated AGEs-induced intracellular ROS. Hydrogen peroxide (5-25 microM) increased RAGE protein level while activating both EGFR and ERK1/2. Low-dose hydrogen peroxide (5 microM) increased whereas high-dose hydrogen peroxide (100 microM) decreased mitogenesis at 3 days. AGEs-activated EGFR and ERK1/2 were attenuated by an anti-oxidant (NAC) and an EGFR inhibitor (Iressa). Moreover, AGEs-induced mitogenesis was attenuated by RAGE shRNA, NAC, Iressa, and an ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059). In conclusion, it was found that AGEs-induced mitogenesis is dependent on the RAGE-ROS-EGFR-ERK1/2 pathway whereas AGEs-activated ERK1/2 is dependent on the RAGE-ROS-EGFR pathway in NRK-49F cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Cher Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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