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Feltner M, Hare PM, Good A, Foster EG, Clough K, Perry J, Honaker A, Kyntchev A, Kowalski M, Curran CP. Differential Susceptibility to Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure during Gestation and Lactation in Mice with Genetic Variations in the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Cyp1 Genes. TOXICS 2023; 11:778. [PMID: 37755789 PMCID: PMC10537487 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are ubiquitous air pollutants, with additional widespread exposure in the diet. PAH exposure has been linked to adverse birth outcomes and long-term neurological consequences. To understand genetic differences that could affect susceptibility following developmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, we exposed mice with variations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the three CYP1 enzymes from gestational day 10 (G10) to weaning at postnatal day 25 (P25). We found unexpectedly high neonatal lethality in high-affinity AhrbCyp1b1(-/-) knockout mice compared with all other genotypes. Over 60% of BaP-exposed pups died within their first 5 days of life. There was a significant effect of BaP on growth rates in surviving pups, with lower weights observed from P7 to P21. Again, AhrbCyp1b1(-/-) knockout mice were the most susceptible to growth retardation. Independent of treatment, this line of mice also had impaired development of the surface righting reflex. We used high-resolution mass spectrometry to measure BaP and metabolites in tissues from both dams and pups. We found the highest BaP levels in adipose from poor-affinity AhrdCyp1a2(-/-) dams and identified three major BaP metabolites (BaP-7-OH, BaP-9-OH, and BaP-4,5-diol), but our measurements were limited to a single time point. Future work is needed to understand BaP pharmacokinetics in the contexts of gestation and lactation and how differential metabolism leads to adverse developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Feltner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; (M.F.); (E.G.F.); (K.C.); (A.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Patrick M. Hare
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA;
| | - Asia Good
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; (M.F.); (E.G.F.); (K.C.); (A.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Emma G. Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; (M.F.); (E.G.F.); (K.C.); (A.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Katelyn Clough
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; (M.F.); (E.G.F.); (K.C.); (A.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Jade Perry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; (M.F.); (E.G.F.); (K.C.); (A.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Amanda Honaker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; (M.F.); (E.G.F.); (K.C.); (A.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Angela Kyntchev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; (M.F.); (E.G.F.); (K.C.); (A.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Mickayla Kowalski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; (M.F.); (E.G.F.); (K.C.); (A.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Christine Perdan Curran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA; (M.F.); (E.G.F.); (K.C.); (A.H.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
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Kukal S, Thakran S, Kanojia N, Yadav S, Mishra MK, Guin D, Singh P, Kukreti R. Genic-intergenic polymorphisms of CYP1A genes and their clinical impact. Gene 2023; 857:147171. [PMID: 36623673 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The humancytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) subfamily genes, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, encoding monooxygenases are critically involved in biotransformation of key endogenous substrates (estradiol, arachidonic acid, cholesterol) and exogenous compounds (smoke constituents, carcinogens, caffeine, therapeutic drugs). This suggests their significant involvement in multiple biological pathways with a primary role of maintaining endogenous homeostasis and xenobiotic detoxification. Large interindividual variability exist in CYP1A gene expression and/or catalytic activity of the enzyme, which is primarily due to the existence of polymorphic alleles which encode them. These polymorphisms (mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) have been extensively studied as susceptibility factors in a spectrum of clinical phenotypes. An in-depth understanding of the effects of polymorphic CYP1A genes on the differential metabolic activity and the resulting biological pathways is needed to explain the clinical implications of CYP1A polymorphisms. The present review is intended to provide an integrated understanding of CYP1A metabolic activity with unique substrate specificity and their involvement in physiological and pathophysiological roles. The article further emphasizes on the impact of widely studied CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 SNPs and their complex interaction with non-genetic factors like smoking and caffeine intake on multiple clinical phenotypes. Finally, we attempted to discuss the alterations in metabolism/physiology concerning the polymorphic CYP1A genes, which may underlie the reported clinical associations. This knowledge may provide insights into the disease pathogenesis, risk stratification, response to therapy and potential drug targets for individuals with certain CYP1A genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sarita Thakran
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saroj Yadav
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Wu B, Guo X, Feng L, Gao J, Xia W, Xie P, Ma S, Liu H, Zhao D, Qu G, Sun C, Lowe S, Bentley R, Sun Y. Combined exposure to multiple dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls on hypertension among US adults in NHANES: a cross-sectional study under three statistical models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28730-28744. [PMID: 36401011 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) are mainly released as by-products of human activities, often in the form of mixtures, and the potential harm on human health deserves attention. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze the combined effect of dioxins and DL-PCB exposures on hypertension (HTN) among US adults. Data of eligible participants were acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multiple logistic regression models with adjustment for covariates were applied to explore the associations between 13 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and HTN. Stratified analyses and interaction analyses were then conducted by age and gender. Finally, the combined effects of dioxins and DL-PCBs on HTN were assessed by the weighted quantile sum (WQS) model and the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model. A total of 976 adults were included in our study, of whom 397 had HTN. Spearman correlations indicated positive correlations among 13 POPs. And most of them (except PCB28, PCB66, and 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-hpcdf) had significant effects on HTN. The result of WQS revealed that mixed exposure to dioxins and DL-PCBs was significantly associated with increased risk of HTN (OR: 2.205; 95% CIs: 1.555, 3.127). The BKMR model also presented a positive trend of HTN risk with exposure to multiple dioxins and DL-PCBs. And 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-ocdd may be the main factor for this positive association. Considering the limitations of our cross-sectional study with the small sample, further prospective studies are necessary to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xianwei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Linya Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weihang Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shaodi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60657, USA
| | - Scott Lowe
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Rachel Bentley
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No. 64 Chaohubei Road, Hefei, 238006, Anhui, China.
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Nguyen C, Edgley AJ, Kelly DJ, Kompa AR. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Inhibition Restores Indoxyl Sulfate-Mediated Endothelial Dysfunction in Rat Aortic Rings. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:100. [PMID: 35202128 PMCID: PMC8878015 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS), elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD), is known to contribute towards progressive cardiovascular disease. IS activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediating oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction via activation of the CYP1A1 pathway. The present study examines AhR inhibition with the antagonist, CH223191, on IS-mediated impairment of vascular endothelial function and disruption of redox balance. The acute effects of IS on endothelium-dependent relaxation were assessed in aortic rings from Sprague Dawley rats exposed to the following conditions: (1) control; (2) IS (300 μM); (3) IS + CH223191 (1 μM); (4) IS + CH223191 (10 μM). Thereafter, tissues were assessed for changes in expression of redox markers. IS reduced the maximum level of endothelium-dependent relaxation (Rmax) by 42% (p < 0.001) compared to control, this was restored in the presence of increasing concentrations of CH223191 (p < 0.05). Rings exposed to IS increased expression of CYP1A1, nitro-tyrosine, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), superoxide, and reduced eNOS expression (p < 0.05). CH223191 (10 μM) restored expression of these markers back to control levels (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate the adverse impact of IS-mediated AhR activation on the vascular endothelium, where oxidative stress may play a critical role in inducing endothelial dysfunction in the vasculature of the heart and kidneys. AhR inhibition could provide an exciting novel therapy for CVD in the CKD setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew R. Kompa
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy 3065, Australia; (C.N.); (A.J.E.); (D.J.K.)
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Correia MJ, Pimpão AB, Lopes-Coelho F, Sequeira CO, Coelho NR, Gonçalves-Dias C, Barouki R, Coumoul X, Serpa J, Morello J, Monteiro EC, Pereira SA. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Cysteine Redox Dynamics Underlie (Mal)adaptive Mechanisms to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Kidney Cortex. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091484. [PMID: 34573115 PMCID: PMC8469308 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that an interplay between aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and cysteine-related thiolome at the kidney cortex underlies the mechanisms of (mal)adaptation to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), promoting arterial hypertension (HTN). Using a rat model of CIH-HTN, we investigated the impact of short-term (1 and 7 days), mid-term (14 and 21 days, pre-HTN), and long-term intermittent hypoxia (IH) (up to 60 days, established HTN) on CYP1A1 protein level (a sensitive hallmark of AhR activation) and cysteine-related thiol pools. We found that acute and chronic IH had opposite effects on CYP1A1 and the thiolome. While short-term IH decreased CYP1A1 and increased protein-S-thiolation, long-term IH increased CYP1A1 and free oxidized cysteine. In addition, an in vitro administration of cystine, but not cysteine, to human endothelial cells increased Cyp1a1 expression, supporting cystine as a putative AhR activator. This study supports CYP1A1 as a biomarker of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity and oxidized pools of cysteine as risk indicator of OSA-HTN. This work contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the phenotype of OSA-HTN, mimicked by this model, which is in line with precision medicine challenges in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Correia
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (F.L.-C.); (C.O.S.); (N.R.C.); (C.G.-D.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (E.C.M.)
| | - António B. Pimpão
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (F.L.-C.); (C.O.S.); (N.R.C.); (C.G.-D.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (E.C.M.)
| | - Filipa Lopes-Coelho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (F.L.-C.); (C.O.S.); (N.R.C.); (C.G.-D.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (E.C.M.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina O. Sequeira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (F.L.-C.); (C.O.S.); (N.R.C.); (C.G.-D.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (E.C.M.)
| | - Nuno R. Coelho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (F.L.-C.); (C.O.S.); (N.R.C.); (C.G.-D.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (E.C.M.)
| | - Clara Gonçalves-Dias
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (F.L.-C.); (C.O.S.); (N.R.C.); (C.G.-D.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (E.C.M.)
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, 3TS, Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; (R.B.); (X.C.)
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, 3TS, Environmental Toxicity, Therapeutic Targets, Cellular Signaling and Biomarkers, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France; (R.B.); (X.C.)
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (F.L.-C.); (C.O.S.); (N.R.C.); (C.G.-D.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (E.C.M.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Judit Morello
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (F.L.-C.); (C.O.S.); (N.R.C.); (C.G.-D.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (E.C.M.)
| | - Emília C. Monteiro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (F.L.-C.); (C.O.S.); (N.R.C.); (C.G.-D.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (E.C.M.)
| | - Sofia A. Pereira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (F.L.-C.); (C.O.S.); (N.R.C.); (C.G.-D.); (J.S.); (J.M.); (E.C.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Sadowska A, Nynca A, Ruszkowska M, Paukszto L, Myszczynski K, Swigonska S, Orlowska K, Molcan T, Jastrzebski JP, Ciereszko RE. Transcriptional profiling of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Reprod Toxicol 2021; 104:143-154. [PMID: 34363982 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a man-made chemical compound contaminating the environment. An exposure of organisms to TCDD results in numerous disorders. The main mechanism of TCDD action involves the induction of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway followed by the increase in the expression and activity of cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1) enzymes. The main aim of the present study was to identify, by means of RNA sequencing, transcripts involved in the mechanism of TCDD action in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, known to not express CYP1A1 enzyme. The CHO cells were treated with TCDD for 3, 12 or 24 h, and total RNA was isolated and sequenced. Thirty six (padjusted < 0.05) or six (padjusted < 0.05, log2FC ≥ 1.0/log2FC≤-1.0) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in TCDD-treated cells depending on the assumed statistical criteria. The dioxin up- and downregulated the expression of genes associated with ovarian follicle functions, development, cardiovascular system, signal transduction, inflammation and carcinogenesis. TCDD did not affect the expression of any of 522 miRNAs which were identified in the cells. The expression of CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 was demonstrated neither in control nor in TCDD-treated CHO cells, although the respective genes were found in the cell genome. Twenty two other CYP enzymes were identified in CHO cells, however their expression was also not affected by TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sadowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Nynca
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Monika Ruszkowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Myszczynski
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Swigonska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karina Orlowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Molcan
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan P Jastrzebski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Renata E Ciereszko
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
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Tanaka K, Adachi H, Akasaka H, Tamaoki J, Fuse Y, Kobayashi M, Kitazawa T, Teraoka H. Oxidative stress inducers potentiate 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-mediated pre-cardiac edema in larval zebrafish. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1050-1058. [PMID: 34024870 PMCID: PMC8349820 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported the involvement of oxidative stress and prostaglandins including thromboxane and prostacyclin in pre-cardiac edema (early edema) caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). While the involvement of oxidative stress in TCDD-induced toxicity has been frequently reported, the mechanism of its action is still unclear. In the present study, oxidative stress inducers including paraquat, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and rotenone augmented early edema (edema) induced by a low concentration of TCDD (0.1 ppb) at 55 hr post fertilization (hpf), while each of them alone did not cause edema. Edema caused by TCDD plus oxidative stress inducers was almost abolished by antioxidants, an antagonist for thromboxane receptor (ICI-192,605) and an agonist for prostacyclin receptor (beraprost), suggesting that the site of action of these inducers was in the regular signaling pathway after activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor type 2 (AHR2) by TCDD. Oxidative stress inducers also enhanced edema caused by an agonist for the thromboxane receptor (U46619), and the enhancement was also inhibited by antioxidants. Sulforaphane and auranofin, activators of Nrf2 that is a master regulator of anti-oxidative response, did not affect U46619-evoked edema but almost abolished TCDD-induced edema and potentiation by paraquat in both TCDD- and U46619-induced edema. Taken together, the results suggest that oxidative stress augments pre-cardiac edema caused by TCDD via activation of thromboxane receptor-mediated signaling in developing zebrafish. As paraquat and other oxidative stress inducers used also are environmental pollutants, interaction between dioxin-like compounds and exogenous source of oxidative stress should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuki Tanaka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hikaru Adachi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hironobu Akasaka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Junya Tamaoki
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Fuse
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takio Kitazawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Teraoka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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8
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Radical change: temporal patterns of oxidative stress during social ascent in a dominance hierarchy. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-02981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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9
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Coelho NR, Matos C, Pimpão AB, Correia MJ, Sequeira CO, Morello J, Pereira SA, Monteiro EC. AHR canonical pathway: in vivo findings to support novel antihypertensive strategies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105407. [PMID: 33418029 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (HTN) is a disease where genetic and environmental factors interact to produce a high prevalent set of almost indistinguishable phenotypes. The weak definition of what is under the umbrella of HTN is a consequence of the lack of knowledge on the players involved in environment-gene interaction and their impact on blood pressure (BP) and mechanisms. The disclosure of these mechanisms that sense and (mal)adapt to toxic-environmental stimuli might at least determine some phenotypes of essential HTN and will have important therapeutic implications. In the present manuscript, we looked closer to the environmental sensor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in cardiovascular physiology, but better known by its involvement in biotransformation of xenobiotics through its canonical pathway. This review aims to disclose the contribution of the AHR-canonical pathway to HTN. For better mirror the complexity of the mechanisms involved in BP regulation, we privileged evidence from in vivo studies. Here we ascertained the level of available evidence and a comprehensive characterization of the AHR-related phenotype of HTN. We reviewed clinical and rodent studies on AHR-HTN genetic association and on AHR ligands and their impact on BP. We concluded that AHR is a druggable mechanistic linker of environmental exposure to HTN. We conclude that is worth to investigate the canonical pathway of AHR and the expression/polymorphisms of its related genes and/or other biomarkers (e.g. tryptophan-related ligands), in order to identify patients that may benefit from an AHR-centered antihypertensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno R Coelho
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Clara Matos
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - António B Pimpão
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - M João Correia
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Catarina O Sequeira
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Judit Morello
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Pereira
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal.
| | - Emília C Monteiro
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
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10
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Eleftheriadis T, Pissas G, Filippidis G, Liakopoulos V, Stefanidis I. Reoxygenation induces reactive oxygen species production and ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:41. [PMID: 33179104 PMCID: PMC7684866 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the reperfusion phase of ischemia-reperfusion injury, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production aggravates the course of many diseases, including acute kidney injury. Among the various enzymes implicated in ROS production are the enzymes of the cytochromes P450 superfamily (CYPs). Since arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) controls the expression of certain CYPs, the involvement of this pathway was evaluated in reperfusion injury. Because AhR may interact with the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), whether such an interaction takes place and affects reperfusion injury was also assessed. Proximal renal proximal tubular epithelial cells were subjected to anoxia and subsequent reoxygenation. At the onset of reoxygenation, the AhR inhibitor CH223191, the HIF-1α activator roxadustat, or the ferroptosis inhibitor α-tocopherol were used. The activity of AhR, Nrf2, HIF-1α, and their transcriptional targets were assessed with western blotting. ROS production, lipid peroxidation and cell death were measured with colorimetric assays or cell imaging. Reoxygenation induced ROS production, lipid peroxidation and cell ferroptosis, whereas CH223191 prevented all. Roxadustat did not affect the above parameters. Reoxygenation activated AhR and increased CYP1A1, while CH223191 prevented both. Reoxygenation with or without CH223191 did not alter Nrf2 or HIF-1α activity. Thus, AhR is activated during reoxygenation and induces ROS production, lipid peroxidation and ferroptotic cell death. These detrimental effects may be mediated by AhR-induced CYP overexpression, while the Nrf2 or the HIF-1α pathways remain unaffected. Accordingly, the AhR pathway may represent a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Eleftheriadis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios Pissas
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios Filippidis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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11
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Kiel C, Strunz T, Grassmann F, Weber BHF. Pleiotropic Locus 15q24.1 Reveals a Gender-Specific Association with Neovascular but Not Atrophic Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Cells 2020; 9:E2257. [PMID: 33050031 PMCID: PMC7650707 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified an abundance of genetic loci associated with complex traits and diseases. In contrast, in-depth characterization of an individual genetic signal is rarely available. Here, we focus on the genetic variant rs2168518 in 15q24.1 previously associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but only with suggestive evidence. In a two-step procedure, we initially conducted a series of association analyses to further delineate the association of rs2168518 with AMD but also with other complex phenotypes by using large independent datasets from the International AMD Genomics Consortium (IAMDGC) and the UK Biobank. We then performed a functional annotation with reference to gene expression regulation based on data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and RegulomeDB. Association analysis revealed a gender-specific association with male AMD patients and an association predominantly with choroidal neovascularization. Further, the AMD association colocalizes with an association signal of several blood pressure-related phenotypes and with the gene expression regulation of CYP1A1, a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of monooxygenases. Functional annotation revealed altered transcription factor (TF) binding sites for gender-specific TFs, including SOX9 and SRY. In conclusion, the pleiotropic 15q24.1 association signal suggests a shared mechanism between blood pressure regulation and choroidal neovascularization with a potential involvement of CYP1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kiel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.K.); (T.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Tobias Strunz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.K.); (T.S.); (F.G.)
| | | | - Felix Grassmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.K.); (T.S.); (F.G.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, King’s College, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.K.); (T.S.); (F.G.)
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Liu J, Tan Y, Song E, Song Y. A Critical Review of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Metabolism, Metabolites, and Their Correlation with Oxidative Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2022-2042. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Tan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Erqun Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Walsh-Wilcox MT, Kaye J, Rubinstein E, Walker MK. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Induces Vascular Dysfunction That is Dependent on Perivascular Adipose and Cytochrome P4501A1 Expression. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 19:565-574. [PMID: 31115867 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is associated with hypertension in humans and animals, and studies suggest that cytochrome P4501A1 (Cyp1a1) induction and vascular dysfunction may contribute. We investigated the role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and Cyp1a1 in TCDD-induced vascular dysfunction. Cyp1a1 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) male mice were fed a dough pill containing 1,4-p-dioxane (TCDD vehicle control) on days 0 and 7, or 1000 ng/kg TCDD on day 0 and 250 ng/kg TCDD on day 7. mRNA expression of Cyp1a1 was assessed on days 3, 7, and 14, and of Cyp1b1, 1a2, angiotensinogen, and phosphodiesterase 5a on day 14. Dose-dependent vasoconstriction to a thromboxane A2 mimetic (U46619), and vasorelaxation to acetylcholine and a nitric oxide donor (S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine, SNAP), were investigated in the aorta with and without PVAT. Cyp1a1 and 1a2 mRNA was induced in aorta of WT mice only with PVAT, and Cyp1a1 induction was sustained through day 14. TCDD significantly enhanced constriction to U46619 in WT mice and inhibited relaxation to both acetylcholine and SNAP, but only in the presence of PVAT. The effects of TCDD on U46619 constriction and SNAP relaxation were not observed in Cyp1a1 KO mice. Finally, in aorta + PVAT of WT mice TCDD significantly induced expression of angiotensinogen and phosphodiesterase 5a both of which could contribute to the TCDD-induced vascular dysfunction. These data establish PVAT as a TCDD target which is critically involved in mediating vascular dysfunction. TCDD enhances vasoconstriction via the thromboxane/prostanoid (TP) receptor and inhibits vasorelaxation via nitric oxide (NO) signaling. This TCDD-induced vascular dysfunction requires perivascular adipose (PVAT) and cytochrome P4501a1 (CYP1a1) induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T Walsh-Wilcox
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 2703 Frontier Ave NE MSC09 5630, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Joel Kaye
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel.,Ayala Targeted Therapies, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Mary K Walker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 2703 Frontier Ave NE MSC09 5630, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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14
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Yang L, Zeng C, Zhang Y, Wang F, Takamiya M, Strähle U. Functions of thioredoxin1 in brain development and in response to environmental chemicals in zebrafish embryos. Toxicol Lett 2019; 314:43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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CYP1A1, GSTT1, IL-6 and IL-8 transcription and IL-6 secretion on umbilical endothelial cells from hypertensive pregnant women: Preliminary results. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 18:63-66. [PMID: 31541888 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of pregnancy hypertension in the offspring endothelia remains unknown. We evaluated the transcriptional expression of four genes that participate in the process of endothelial dysfunction using umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures (HUVEC) from healthy pregnant women (PW) and those with hypertensive disorders (HD). The cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), gluthathione S-transferase subtype T1 (GSTT1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8) mRNA and IL-6 protein levels were assessed. IL-6 and IL-8 transcripts were significantly reduced in HUVEC obtained from HD women. Our results suggest that a hypertensive environment in utero modifies the transcriptional expression of key inflammatory molecules in the newborn.
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16
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Choi EM, Suh KS, Jung WW, Yun S, Park SY, Chin SO, Rhee SY, Chon S. Catalpol protects against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced cytotoxicity in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1710-1719. [PMID: 31429101 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a well-known environmental contaminant that produces a wide variety of adverse effects in humans. Catalpol, a major bioactive compound enriched in the dried root of Rehmannia glutinosa, is a major iridoid glycoside that alleviates bone loss. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the effects of catalpol remain unclear. The present study evaluated the effects of catalpol on TCDD-induced cytotoxicity in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Catalpol inhibited TCDD-induced reduction in cell viability and increases in apoptosis and autophagic activity in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Additionally, pretreatment with catalpol significantly decreased the nitric oxide and nitrite levels compared with a control in TCDD-treated cells and significantly inhibited TCDD-induced increases in the levels of cytochrome P450 1A1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Pretreatment with catalpol also effectively restored the expression of superoxide dismutase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and significantly enhanced the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 and osteoblast differentiation markers, including alkaline phosphatase and osterix. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that catalpol has preventive effects against TCDD-induced damage in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Won Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Yun
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoule, Republic of Korea.,Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Chin
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Guo S, Zhang R, Liu Q, Wan Q, Wang Y, Yu Y, Liu G, Shen Y, Yu Y, Zhang J. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin promotes injury-induced vascular neointima formation in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:10207-10217. [PMID: 31216422 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900546r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental pollutant that causes cardiovascular toxicity. The phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype is a hallmark of vascular response to injury. However, the precise role and molecular mechanism of TCDD in vascular remodeling remains unknown. In the present study, we found that TCDD treatment promoted VSMC phenotypic transition from contractile to synthetic phenotype and exaggerated vascular neointimal hyperplasia after wire injury in mice. TCDD treatment enhanced VSMC entry into cell cycle from G0/G1 phase to S and G2/M phase. The expression of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and its phosphorylation were coordinately increased in response to TCDD treatment. Knocking down of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) inhibited VSMC phenotypic transition induced by TCDD and promoted S/G2 phase cell cycle arrest. TCDD treatment markedly increased oncogenic c-Jun gene expression in VSMCs. ChIP assay revealed the direct binding of AHR on the promoter of c-Jun to up-regulate the mRNA expression of c-Jun. Silencing of c-Jun gene enhanced the expression of p53 and p21, whereas attenuated the expression of CDK4 and cyclin D1 leading to the decrease in the TCDD-stimulated VSMC proliferation and synthetic phenotype transition in vitro. In vivo study showed that genetic ablation of c-Jun in VSMCs restricted injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia in TCDD-treated mice. Thus, TCDD exposure exaggerated injury-induced vascular remodeling by the activation of AHR and up-regulation of the expression of its target gene c-Jun, indicating that inhibition of AHR may be a promising prevention strategy for TCDD-associated cardiovascular diseases.-Guo, S., Zhang, R., Liu, Q., Wan, Q., Wang, Y., Yu, Y., Liu, G., Shen, Y., Yu, Y., Zhang, J. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin promotes injury-induced vascular neointima formation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiangyou Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guizhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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18
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Klimanova EA, Sidorenko SV, Smolyaninova LV, Kapilevich LV, Gusakova SV, Lopina OD, Orlov SN. Ubiquitous and cell type-specific transcriptomic changes triggered by dissipation of monovalent cation gradients in rodent cells: Physiological and pathophysiological implications. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2019; 83:107-149. [PMID: 31196602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevation of [Na+]i/[K+]i-ratio is considered as one of the major signals triggering transcriptomic changes in various cells types. In this study, we identified ubiquitous and cell type-specific [Formula: see text] -sensitive genes by comparative analysis of transcriptomic changes in ouabain-treated rat aorta smooth muscle cells and rat aorta endothelial cells (RASMC and RAEC, respectively), rat cerebellar granule cells (RCGC), and mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Exposure of the cells to ouabain increased intracellular Na+ content by ~14, 8, 7, and 6-fold and resulted in appearance of 7577, 2698, 2120, and 1146 differentially expressed transcripts in RAEC, RASMC, C2C12, and RCGC, respectively. Eighty-three genes were found as the intersection of the four sets of identified transcripts corresponding to each cell type and are classified as ubiquitous. Among the 10 top upregulated ubiquitous transcripts are the following: Dusp6, Plk3, Trib1, Ccl7, Mafk, Atf3, Ptgs2, Cxcl1, Spry4, and Coq10b. Unique transcripts whose expression is cell-specific include 4897, 1523, 789, and 494 transcripts for RAEC, RASMC, C2C12, and RCGC, respectively. The role of gene expression and signal pathways induced by dissipation of transmembrane gradient of monovalent cations in the development of various diseases is discussed with special attention to cardiovascular and pulmonary illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A Klimanova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Svetlana V Sidorenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larisa V Smolyaninova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Olga D Lopina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei N Orlov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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19
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Maltseva NV, Smirnova AS, Rublevskaya AC, Bichan NA. [Not Available]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2019; 59:4-10. [PMID: 30706833 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Te increase in the prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) in populations, ineffective treatment, the need for risk stratifcation, prevention, early diagnosis and successful treatment, actualize genomic studies to develop a personalized therapeutic approach to AH. Te review investigates the possible genetically determined mechanisms of the development of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction caused by polymorphism of the genes of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and enzymes of phases I and II of the xenobiotics detoxifcation system. Te probable interaction of both systems under the influence of harmful environmental factors, including tobacco smoking, and in the gestational period is discussed. It is proposed to study AH candidate genes in the xenobiotics detoxifcation system, the carriage of different variants of which can determine the sensitivity or resistance to antihypertensive pharmacotherapy, which can be useful for developing of the personalized tactics of managing patients with AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Maltseva
- Novokuznetsk State Institute for Further Training of Physicians - Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RМАСРЕ МОН Russia.
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20
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Trivedi S, Arora RR. Association of Dioxin and Dioxin-like Congeners With Hypertension. Fed Pract 2018; 35:20-26. [PMID: 30766355 PMCID: PMC6367997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although 7 of 8 studies found moderate evidence of an association with hypertension in patients with at least 1 chemical congener, these studies cannot prove a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Trivedi
- is a Medical Student, and is a Professor at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science in Chicago, Illinois. Dr. Arora is Chief of Cardiology and Chair of the Department of Medicine at Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center in Chicago
| | - Rohit R Arora
- is a Medical Student, and is a Professor at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science in Chicago, Illinois. Dr. Arora is Chief of Cardiology and Chair of the Department of Medicine at Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center in Chicago
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21
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Procházková J, Strapáčová S, Svržková L, Andrysík Z, Hýžďalová M, Hrubá E, Pěnčíková K, Líbalová H, Topinka J, Kléma J, Espinosa JM, Vondráček J, Machala M. Adaptive changes in global gene expression profile of lung carcinoma A549 cells acutely exposed to distinct types of AhR ligands. Toxicol Lett 2018; 292:162-174. [PMID: 29704546 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to persistent ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been found to cause lung cancer in experimental animals, and lung adenocarcinomas are often associated with enhanced AhR expression and aberrant AhR activation. In order to better understand the action of toxic AhR ligands in lung epithelial cells, we performed global gene expression profiling and analyze TCDD-induced changes in A549 transcriptome, both sensitive and non-sensitive to CH223191 co-treatment. Comparison of our data with results from previously reported microarray and ChIP-seq experiments enabled us to identify candidate genes, which expression status reflects exposure of lung cancer cells to TCDD, and to predict processes, pathways (e.g. ER stress, Wnt/β-cat, IFNɣ, EGFR/Erbb1), putative TFs (e.g. STAT, AP1, E2F1, TCF4), which may be implicated in adaptive response of lung cells to TCDD-induced AhR activation. Importantly, TCDD-like expression fingerprint of selected genes was observed also in A549 cells exposed acutely to both toxic (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[k]fluoranthene) and endogenous AhR ligands (2-(1H-Indol-3-ylcarbonyl)-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid methyl ester and 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole). Overall, our results suggest novel cellular candidates, which could help to improve monitoring of AhR-dependent transcriptional activity during acute exposure of lung cells to distinct types of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiřina Procházková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Strapáčová
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Svržková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Andrysík
- 1 Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Martina Hýžďalová
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hrubá
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Pěnčíková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Líbalová
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kléma
- Department of Computer Science, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joaquín M Espinosa
- 1 Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
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22
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Wiest EF, Walsh-Wilcox MT, Walker MK. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Protect Against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction. Toxicol Sci 2018; 156:300-310. [PMID: 28115642 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In cigarette smokers endothelial dysfunction, measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), precedes cardiovascular disease (CVD) and can be improved by supplementation with n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We developed a mouse model of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced endothelial dysfunction that resembles impaired FMD observed in human cigarette smokers and investigated the mechanism by which n - 3 PUFAs mediate vasoprotection. We hypothesized that loss of nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilation in CS-exposed mice would be prevented by dietary n - 3 PUFAs via a decrease in oxidative stress. C57BL/6 mice were fed a chow or n - 3 PUFA diet for 8 weeks and then exposed to mainstream CS or filtered air for 5 days, 2 h/day. Mesenteric arterioles were preconstricted with U46619 and dilated by stepwise increases in pressure (0-40 mmHg), resulting in increases in flow, ± inhibitor of NO production or antioxidant, Tempol. Markers of oxidative stress were measured in lung and heart. CS-exposed mice on a chow diet had impaired FMD, resulting from loss of NO-dependent dilation, compared with air exposed mice. Tempol restored FMD by normalizing NO-dependent dilation and increasing NO-independent dilation. CS-exposed mice on the n - 3 PUFA diet had normal FMD, resulting from a significant increase in NO-independent dilation, compared with CS-exposed mice on a chow diet. Furthermore, n - 3 PUFAs decreased two CS-induced markers of oxidative stress, 8-epiprostaglandin-F2α levels and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA, and significantly attenuated CS-induced cytochrome P4501A1 mRNA expression. These data demonstrate that dietary n - 3 PUFAs can protect against CS-induced vascular dysfunction via multiple mechanisms, including increasing NO-independent vasodilation and decreasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elani F Wiest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Mary T Walsh-Wilcox
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Mary K Walker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
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23
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Xue P, Fu J, Zhou Y. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:286. [PMID: 29487603 PMCID: PMC5816799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an important cytosolic, ligand-dependent transcription factor. Emerging evidence suggests the promoting role of the AhR in the initiation, promotion, progression, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Studies on various tumor types and tumor cell lines have shown high AhR expression, suggesting that AhR is activated constitutively in tumors and facilitates their growth. Interestingly, immune evasion has been recognized as an emerging hallmark feature of cancer. A connection between the AhR and immune system has been recognized, which has been suggested as an immunosuppressive effector on different types of immune cells. Certain cancers can escape immune recognition via AhR signaling pathways. This review discusses the role of the AhR in tumor immunity and its potential mechanism of action in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xue
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
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24
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Mechanisms of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin- induced cardiovascular toxicity: An overview. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 282:1-6. [PMID: 29317249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant and its toxicity is mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Mechanisms of TCDD cardiovascular toxicity consist of oxidative stress, growth factor modulation, and ionic current alteration. It is indicated that the rodent cardiovascular system is a target for TCDD cardiomyopathy. Here, our understanding of TCDD cardiovascular toxicity is reviewed.
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25
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Dugas TR. Unraveling mechanisms of toxicant-induced oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 7:1-8. [PMID: 29423456 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To date, numerous clinical studies examining correlations between oxidative stress biomarkers and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have repeatedly suggested a role for oxidant injury in the pathogenesis of diseases such as atherosclerosis. Despite this, antioxidant supplementation trials have not demonstrated a reduction in disease progression. Nevertheless, small animal and epidemiological studies have linked exposures to certain toxicants with increased CVD risk involving putative oxidative stress mechanisms. A few prototypical vascular toxicants will be discussed as examples of toxicants that likely act via oxidative stress mechanisms. For discussion, we will classify these toxicants as those that induce direct (e.g., arsenic, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) versus indirect (particulate matter, ozone) oxidative stress mechanisms, and those that likely induce CVD through both direct and indirect mechanisms (cigarette smoke). Finally, new findings in oxidative stress research, including the emerging importance of reactive sulfur species, hydrogen peroxide as a presumed endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors, etc., will be discussed, as well as the need to determine the role of toxicants in modulating these newly identified pathways. Moreover, given the lack of success in conclusively demonstrating the roles of oxidative stress in CVD risk stratification, research probing the roles of toxicant exposures in propagating CVD pathogenesis may be a novel approach for more conclusively delineating the causal role of oxidative stress in CVD initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy R Dugas
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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26
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Long B, Gan TY, Zhang RC, Zhang YH. miR-23a Regulates Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis by Targeting Manganese Superoxide Dismutase. Mol Cells 2017; 40:542-549. [PMID: 28756653 PMCID: PMC5582300 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is initiated by various cellular insults and accumulated cardiomyocyte apoptosis leads to the pathogenesis of heart failure. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) provoke apoptotic cascades. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an important antioxidant enzyme that converts cellular ROS into harmless products. In this study, we demonstrate that MnSOD is down-regulated upon hydrogen peroxide treatment or ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Enhanced expression of MnSOD attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial infarction induced by I/R injury. Further, we show that miR-23a directly regulates the expression of MnSOD. miR-23a regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by suppressing the expression of MnSOD. Our study reveals a novel model regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis which is composed of miR-23a and MnSOD. Our study provides a new method to tackling apoptosis related cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Long
- Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730,
China
| | - Tian-Yi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037,
China
| | - Rong-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037,
China
| | - Yu-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037,
China
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27
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Całkosiński I, Gostomska-Pampuch K, Majda J, Leśków A, Janeczek M, Melnyk OP, Gamian A. The Influence of α-Tocopherol on Serum Biochemical Markers During Experimentally Induced Pleuritis in Rats Exposed to Dioxin. Inflammation 2017; 40:913-926. [PMID: 28299486 PMCID: PMC5429350 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of dioxins is wide ranging. Amongst the organs, the liver is the most susceptible to damage by dioxins. Damage caused to liver cells results in promoting inflammatory processes. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether high doses of tocopherol will change the inflammatory response, monitored by biochemical indicators, by improving liver function in rats exposed to tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). The study was conducted on a population of female Buffalo rats. The animals were divided into the following groups: Control Group A—representing physiological norms for the studied diagnostic indicators; Control Group B—subjects were administered a 1% ceragenin solution to induce pleuritis; Study Group 1—where rats were administered α-tocopherol acetate for 3 weeks, after which pleuritis was induced; Study Group 2—rats were administered a single dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), while 3 weeks later, pleuritis was induced; and Study Group 3—rats were administered a single dose of TCDD and next, were administered α-tocopherol acetate for 3 weeks, followed by pleuritis induction. The results clearly show that administering tocopherol in the course of inflammation causes changes to the distribution and ratio of in the serum protein fractions, including acute phase proteins. The latter proteins are indicative to the improvement in liver function and linked to protein synthesis and stimulation of the antibody-mediated immunity. Moreover, in the course of inflammation caused by exposure of rats to TCDD, tocopherol significantly affected the acute phase protein concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Całkosiński
- Independent Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Environmental Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Kinga Gostomska-Pampuch
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Majda
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, 4th Military Hospital, 50-981, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Leśków
- Independent Laboratory of Neurotoxicology and Environmental Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Janeczek
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Oleg P Melnyk
- Department of Animal Anatomy, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
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28
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Herbicide Exposure, Vietnam Service, and Hypertension Risk in Army Chemical Corps Veterans. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:1127-1136. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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Wiest EF, Walsh-Wilcox MT, Rothe M, Schunck WH, Walker MK. Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Vascular Dysfunction and Attenuate Cytochrome P4501A1 Expression by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:43-54. [PMID: 27492226 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) found in fish protect against cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, many individuals avoid fish consumption due to concerns about pollutants. We tested the hypothesis that n-3 PUFAs would prevent vascular dysfunction induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). C57Bl/6 male mice were fed a chow or n-3 PUFA diet for 10 weeks and were exposed to vehicle or 300 ng/kg/d TCDD during the final 2 weeks on each diet. Aortic vasoconstriction mediated by arachidonic acid (AA) ± SKF525 (P450 inhibitor) or SQ29548 (thromboxane/prostanoid [TP] receptor antagonist) was assessed. RBC fatty acids and expression of n-3 and n-6 PUFA metabolites were analyzed. Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), CYP1B1, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) expression was measured. TCDD significantly increased AA-mediated vasoconstriction on a chow diet by increasing the contribution of P450s and TP receptor to the constriction response. In contrast, the n-3 PUFA diet prevented the TCDD-induced increase in AA vasoconstriction and normalized the contribution of P450s and TP receptor. Although TCDD increased the levels of AA vasoconstrictors on the chow diet, this increase was prevent by the n-3 PUFA diet. Additionally, the n-3 PUFA diet significantly increased the levels of n-3 PUFA-derived vasodilators and TCDD increased these levels further. Interestingly, the n-3 PUFA diet significantly attenuated CYP1A1 induction by TCDD without a significant effect on AHR expression. These data suggest that n-3 PUFAs can prevent TCDD-induced vascular dysfunction by decreasing vasoconstrictors, increasing vasodilators, and attenuating CYP1A1 induction, which has been shown previously to contribute to TCDD-induced vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elani F Wiest
- *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, 87131
| | - Mary T Walsh-Wilcox
- *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, 87131
| | | | | | - Mary K Walker
- *Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, 87131
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30
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Wincent E, Kubota A, Timme-Laragy A, Jönsson ME, Hahn ME, Stegeman JJ. Biological effects of 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) in vivo are enhanced by loss of CYP1A function in an Ahr2-dependent manner. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 110-111:117-29. [PMID: 27112072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) is a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist that is efficiently metabolized by AHR-regulated cytochrome P4501 enzymes. FICZ is a proposed physiological AHR ligand that induces its own degradation as part of a regulatory negative feedback loop. In vitro studies in cells show that CYP1 inhibition in the presence of FICZ results in enhanced AHR activation, suggesting that FICZ accumulates in the cell when its metabolism is blocked. We used zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to investigate the in vivo effects of FICZ when CYP1A is knocked down or inhibited. Embryos were injected with morpholino antisense oligonucleotides targeting CYP1A (CYP1A-MO), Ahr2, or a combination of both. FICZ exposure of non-injected embryos or embryos injected with control morpholino had little effect. In CYP1A-MO-injected embryos, however, FICZ dramatically increased mortality, incidence and severity of pericardial edema and circulation failure, reduced hatching frequency, blocked swim bladder inflation, and strongly potentiated expression of Ahr2-regulated genes. These effects were substantially reduced in embryos with a combined knockdown of Ahr2 and CYP1A, indicating that the toxicity was mediated at least partly by Ahr2. Co-exposure to the CYP1 inhibitor alpha-naphthoflavone (αNF) and FICZ had similar effects as the combination of CYP1A-MO and FICZ. HPLC analysis of FICZ-exposed embryos showed increased levels of FICZ after concomitant CYP1A-MO injection or αNF co-exposure. Together, these results show that a functioning CYP1/AHR feedback loop is crucial for regulation of AHR signaling by a potential physiological ligand in vivo and further highlights the role of CYP1 enzymes in regulating biological effects of FICZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wincent
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1050, USA.
| | - Akira Kubota
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1050, USA.
| | - Alicia Timme-Laragy
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1050, USA.
| | - Maria E Jönsson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1050, USA.
| | - John J Stegeman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1050, USA.
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31
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Lee HA, Park SH, Hong YS, Ha EH, Park H. The Effect of Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants on Metabolic Health among KOREAN Children during a 1-Year Follow-Up. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13030270. [PMID: 26938545 PMCID: PMC4808933 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous evidence suggests the potential for adverse effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on metabolic health even at low-dose exposure levels common among the general population, but there is less evidence of these associations among children. Therefore, as part of a prospective cohort study, 214 children were measured for POPs exposure. After the 1-year follow-up, we assessed the effect of circulating POPs exposure among 158 children aged 7-9 years (at baseline) on the change of metabolic components of metabolic syndrome using multiple regression analysis. In addition, we calculated the continuous metabolic syndrome (cMetS) score and assessed the variation among individuals by POPs exposure. The concentrations of marker polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were significantly associated with increased change in diastolic blood pressure (BP) and triglyceride levels during a 1-year follow-up, after controlling for sex, age, household income, and change in body mass index. Total PCBs also showed a marginal association with increasing cMetS score from the baseline. Of the metabolic components, change in diastolic BP over time showed a notable association with specific PCBs, but no association with organochlorine pesticides. Here, we found that low-dose exposures to PCBs among children in the general population could negatively influence metabolic health, particularly diastolic BP. Increased disease sensitivity during childhood can continue to adulthood, thus, these results support the need for continuous assessment of the health impact of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ah Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-ku, Seoul 158-710, Korea.
| | - Su Hyun Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-ku, Seoul 158-710, Korea.
| | - Young Sun Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-ku, Seoul 158-710, Korea.
| | - Eun Hee Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-ku, Seoul 158-710, Korea.
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-ku, Seoul 158-710, Korea.
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32
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Perkins JT, Petriello MC, Newsome BJ, Hennig B. Polychlorinated biphenyls and links to cardiovascular disease. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2160-72. [PMID: 25877901 PMCID: PMC4609220 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The pathology of cardiovascular disease is multi-faceted, with links to many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Epidemiological evidence now implicates exposure to persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with an increased risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, and obesity; all of which are clinically relevant to the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease. PCBs exert their cardiovascular toxicity either directly or indirectly via multiple mechanisms, which are highly dependent on the type and concentration of PCBs present. However, many PCBs may modulate cellular signaling pathways leading to common detrimental outcomes including induction of chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption. With the abundance of potential toxic pollutants increasing globally, it is critical to identify sensible means of decreasing associated disease risks. Emerging evidence now implicates a protective role of lifestyle modifications such as increased exercise and/or nutritional modulation via anti-inflammatory foods, which may help to decrease the vascular toxicity of PCBs. This review will outline the current state of knowledge linking coplanar and non-coplanar PCBs to cardiovascular disease and describe the possible molecular mechanism of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Perkins
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Bradley J Newsome
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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33
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Yu Y, Qin J, Chen D, Wang H, Wang J, Yu Y. Chronic cardiovascular disease-associated gene network analysis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2016; 15:157-71. [PMID: 25216946 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The association of dioxin exposure with increased morbidity or mortality of chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been established by many epidemiological studies. However, the precise global gene expression alterations caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the cardiovascular system need to be further elucidated. In this study, we profiled the gene expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to different concentrations of TCDD by high-throughput sequencing. Expression of 1,838 genes was changed significantly after TCDD stimulation. The FunDO analysis suggested that some CVDs were highly associated with TCDD treatment, including atherosclerosis, thromboangiitis obliterans, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and hypertension. KEGG pathway analysis showed that many genes in the signaling pathways of vascular smooth muscle contraction and apoptosis were altered distinctly. In addition, we revealed evidence regarding the gene network changes of chronic CVDs including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension, and PAH in TCDD-exposed HUVECs. We found that gene expression of β1-adrenoceptors (ADRB1), β2-adrenoceptors (ADRB2), endothelin-converting enzyme 1 (ECE1), and endothelin-1 gene (EDN1) that are involved in the blood pressure regulation pathway decreased apparently under TCDD treatment. Moreover, the transcripts of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), which are related to atherosclerosis, were up-regulated by TCDD stimulation. In addition, the transcripts of Homo sapiens collagen, type IV, alpha 1 (COL4A1), and isoforms that trigger the MI pathway were up-regulated after TCDD exposure. Finally, we found enhanced platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) expression with TCDD treatment in endothelial cells, which are involved in PAH induced by vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai, 200031, China,
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Histopathological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical assessment of hippocampus structures of rats exposed to TCDD and high doses of tocopherol and acetylsalicylic acid. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:645603. [PMID: 25879034 PMCID: PMC4388018 DOI: 10.1155/2015/645603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on central nervous system consists of changing expression of estrogen receptors, whereas the result of chronic inflammatory reaction caused by dioxin is occurrence of destructive changes in various organs connected with disturbed metabolism of connective tissue and damage of cells. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dioxins on function, ultrastructure, and cytological and histological structure of hippocampus, particularly on expression of estrogen receptors in central nervous system as well as to define protective influence of tocopherol (TCP) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the decrease in activity of proinflammatory effects in central nervous system. It was shown that TCDD contributes to destructive and inflammatory changes along with demyelization of myelin sheaths and atrophy of estrogen receptors in hippocampus. Dioxin contributes to atrophy of estrogen receptors in hippocampus, in which also destructive and inflammatory changes were found along with demyelination of myelin sheaths. Histopathological and ultrastructural image of hippocampus areas in rats, in which both TCP and ASA were used, is characterized by poorly expressed degenerative changes and smaller inflammatory reactivity. Using both TCP and ASA has a protective effect on functions of central nervous system.
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Development and characterization of an endothelial cell line from the bulbus arteriosus of walleye, Sander vitreus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 180:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Susceptibility Based Upon Chemical Interaction with Disease Processes: Potential Implications for Risk Assessment. Curr Environ Health Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40572-014-0030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Agbor LN, Wiest EF, Rothe M, Schunck WH, Walker MK. Role of CYP1A1 in modulating the vascular and blood pressure benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:688-98. [PMID: 25316121 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.219535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that mediate the cardiovascular protective effects of omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have not been fully elucidated. Cytochrome P450 1A1 efficiently metabolizes n-3 PUFAs to potent vasodilators. Thus, we hypothesized that dietary n-3 PUFAs increase nitric oxide (NO)-dependent blood pressure regulation and vasodilation in a CYP1A1-dependent manner. CYP1A1 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were fed an n-3 or n-6 PUFA-enriched diet for 8 weeks and were analyzed for tissue fatty acids and metabolites, NO-dependent blood pressure regulation, NO-dependent vasodilation of acetylcholine (ACh) in mesenteric resistance arterioles, and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and phospho-Ser1177-eNOS expression in the aorta. All mice fed the n-3 PUFA diet showed significantly higher levels of n-3 PUFAs and their metabolites, and significantly lower levels of n-6 PUFAs and their metabolites. In addition, KO mice on the n-3 PUFA diet accumulated significantly higher levels of n-3 PUFAs in the aorta and kidney without a parallel increase in the levels of their metabolites. Moreover, KO mice exhibited significantly less NO-dependent regulation of blood pressure on the n-3 PUFA diet and significantly less NO-dependent, ACh-mediated vasodilation in mesenteric arterioles on both diets. Finally, the n-3 PUFA diet significantly increased aortic phospho-Ser1177-eNOS/eNOS ratio in the WT compared with KO mice. These data demonstrate that CYP1A1 contributes to eNOS activation, NO bioavailability, and NO-dependent blood pressure regulation mediated by dietary n-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry N Agbor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico (L.N.A., E.F.W., M.K.W.); Lipidomix GmbH, Berlin, Germany (M.R.); and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (W.-H.S.)
| | - Elani F Wiest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico (L.N.A., E.F.W., M.K.W.); Lipidomix GmbH, Berlin, Germany (M.R.); and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (W.-H.S.)
| | - Michael Rothe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico (L.N.A., E.F.W., M.K.W.); Lipidomix GmbH, Berlin, Germany (M.R.); and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (W.-H.S.)
| | - Wolf-Hagen Schunck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico (L.N.A., E.F.W., M.K.W.); Lipidomix GmbH, Berlin, Germany (M.R.); and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (W.-H.S.)
| | - Mary K Walker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico (L.N.A., E.F.W., M.K.W.); Lipidomix GmbH, Berlin, Germany (M.R.); and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (W.-H.S.)
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Eske K, Newsome B, Han SG, Murphy M, Bhattacharyya D, Hennig B. PCB 77 dechlorination products modulate pro-inflammatory events in vascular endothelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6354-6364. [PMID: 23504249 PMCID: PMC3728165 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are associated with detrimental health outcomes including cardiovascular diseases. Remediation of these compounds is a critical component of environmental policy. Although remediation efforts aim to completely remove toxicants, little is known about the effects of potential remediation byproducts. We previously published that Fe/Pd nanoparticles effectively dechlorinate PCB 77 to biphenyl, thus eliminating PCB-induced endothelial dysfunction using primary vascular endothelial cells. Herein, we analyzed the toxic effects of PCB congener mixtures (representative mixtures of commercial PCBs based on previous dechlorination data) produced at multiple time points during the dechlorination of PCB 77 to biphenyl. Compared with pure PCB 77, exposing endothelial cells to lower chlorinated PCB byproducts led to improved cellular viability, decreased superoxide production, and decreased nuclear factor kappa B activation based on duration of remediation. Presence of the parent compound, PCB 77, led to significant increases in mRNA and protein inflammatory marker expression. These data implicate that PCB dechlorination reduces biological toxicity to vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katryn Eske
- University of Kentucky SRP Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA. Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Kentucky SRP Center, Room 599, Wethington Building, 900 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
| | - Bradley Newsome
- University of Kentucky SRP Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA. Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - Sung Gu Han
- University of Kentucky SRP Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA. Department of Food Science of Animal Resources, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Margaret Murphy
- University of Kentucky SRP Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA. Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Kentucky SRP Center, Room 599, Wethington Building, 900 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- University of Kentucky SRP Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- University of Kentucky SRP Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
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Sallée M, Dou L, Cerini C, Poitevin S, Brunet P, Burtey S. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor-activating effect of uremic toxins from tryptophan metabolism: a new concept to understand cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:934-49. [PMID: 24599232 PMCID: PMC3968369 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6030934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and suffer from accelerated atherosclerosis. CKD patients are permanently exposed to uremic toxins, making them good candidates as pathogenic agents. We focus here on uremic toxins from tryptophan metabolism because of their potential involvement in cardiovascular toxicity: indolic uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate, indole-3 acetic acid, and indoxyl-β-d-glucuronide) and uremic toxins from the kynurenine pathway (kynurenine, kynurenic acid, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and quinolinic acid). Uremic toxins derived from tryptophan are endogenous ligands of the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR, also known as the dioxin receptor, interacts with various regulatory and signaling proteins, including protein kinases and phosphatases, and Nuclear Factor-Kappa-B. AhR activation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and some polychlorinated biphenyls is associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease in humans and in mice. In addition, this AhR activation mediates cardiotoxicity, vascular inflammation, and a procoagulant and prooxidant phenotype of vascular cells. Uremic toxins derived from tryptophan have prooxidant, proinflammatory, procoagulant, and pro-apoptotic effects on cells involved in the cardiovascular system, and some of them are related with cardiovascular complications in CKD. We discuss here how the cardiovascular effects of these uremic toxins could be mediated by AhR activation, in a “dioxin-like” effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Sallée
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille13005, France.
| | - Laetitia Dou
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille13005, France.
| | - Claire Cerini
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille13005, France.
| | - Stéphane Poitevin
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille13005, France.
| | - Philippe Brunet
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille13005, France.
| | - Stéphane Burtey
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, VRCM, UMR_S 1076, Marseille13005, France.
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Lind PM, Penell J, Salihovic S, van Bavel B, Lind L. Circulating levels of p,p'-DDE are related to prevalent hypertension in the elderly. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 129:27-31. [PMID: 24528999 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxin given to experimental animals increase the blood pressure. We therefore investigated if circulating levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were related to hypertension in a population-based sample of men and women. METHODS One thousand and sixteen subjects aged 70 years were investigated in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. Twenty-three POPs were analyzed using high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medication. RESULTS Seven hundred and thirty-two subjects (72%) showed hypertension. When the POPs were treated as continuous variables and adjusted for gender only, two PCBs with a low number of chlorine atoms (PCB 105 and 118) were related to prevalent hypertension. Also the OC pesticide p,p'-DDE was related to hypertension. The strongest of these associations was seen for p,p'-DDE (OR 1.35 for a 1 SD change, 95% CI 1.17-1.56, p<0.0001). Following further adjustment also for BMI, smoking status, education level and exercise habits, only p,p'-DDE was still significantly related to hypertension (OR 1.23 for a 1 SD change, 95% CI 1.06-1.43, p=0.006). CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional analysis of an elderly population, high levels of circulating levels of p,p'-DDE were associated with prevalent hypertension, further strengthening the experimental findings that POPs might influence blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Monica Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Ulleråkersvägen 40, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Penell
- Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Ulleråkersvägen 40, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Bert van Bavel
- MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Hua KF, Liao PC, Fang Z, Yang FL, Yang YL, Chen YL, Chiu YC, Liu ML, Lam Y, Wu SH. Generation of reactive oxygen species by polyenylpyrroles derivatives causes DNA damage leading to G2/M arrest and apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67603. [PMID: 23840748 PMCID: PMC3695893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 5.8% of all malignancies in Taiwan and the incidence of OSCC is on the rise. OSCC is also a common malignancy worldwide and the five-year survival rate remains poor. Therefore, new and effective treatments are needed to control OSCC. In the present study we have investigated the efficacy and associated mechanisms of polyenylpyrroles and their analogs in both in vitro cell culture and in vivo nude mice xenografts. Auxarconjugatin B (compound 1a) resulted in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and caspase-dependent apoptosis in OEC-M1 and HSC-3 cells by activating DNA damage and mitochondria dysfunction through the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, increase in B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein level, and decrease in B-cell lymphoma-2 level. Compound 1a-induced generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species through cytochrome P450 1A1 was identified as a major mechanism of its effect for DNA damage, mitochondria dysfunction and apoptosis, which was reversed by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine as well as cytochrome P450 1A1 inhibitor and specific siRNA. Furthermore, compound 1a-treated nude mice showed a reduction in the OEC-M1 xenograft tumor growth and an increase in the caspase-3 activation in xenograft tissue. These results provide promising insights as to how compound 1a mediates cytotoxicity and may prove to be a molecular rationale for its translation into a potential therapeutic against OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KFH); (YL); (SHW)
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Zhanxiong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chich Chiu
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - May-Lan Liu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Toko University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yulin Lam
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (KFH); (YL); (SHW)
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KFH); (YL); (SHW)
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Yousef MI, Celik K, Bakir TO. Ameliorative effect of supplementation with L-glutamine on oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell viability and hepatotoxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rat hepatocyte cultures. Cytotechnology 2012; 64:687-99. [PMID: 22453904 PMCID: PMC3488374 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The most potent of the dioxins, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), is a persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminant. And the health impact of exposure to TCDD is of great concern to the general public. Recent data indicate that L-glutamine (Gln) has antioxidant properties and may influence hepatotoxicity. The objective of the present study was undertaken to explore the effectiveness of Gln in alleviating the hepatotoxicity of TCDD on primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Gln (0.5, 1 and 2 mM) was added to cultures alone or simultaneously with TCDD (0.005 and 0.01 mM). The hepatocytes were treated with TCDD and Gln for 48 h. Then cell viability was detected by [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total glutathione (TGSH) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed by liver micronucleus assay (MN) and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that TCDD decreased cell viability but not L-glutamine. TCDD also increased TOS level in rat hepatocytes and significantly decreased TAC and TGSH levels. On the basis of increasing doses, the dioxin in a dose-dependent manner caused significant increases of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs) and 8-OH-dG as compared to control culture. Whereas, in cultures exposured with Gln alone, TOS levels were not changed and TAC and TGSH together were significantly increased in dose-dependent fashion. The presence of Gln with TCDD modulated the hepatotoxic effects of TCDD on primary hepatocytes cultures. Noteworthy, Gln has a protective effect against TCDD-mediated DNA damages. As conclusion, we reported here an increased potential therapeutic significance of L-glutamine in TCDD-mediated hepatic injury for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mokhtar I. Yousef
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526 Egypt
| | - Kubra Celik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tulay O. Bakir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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Liguori MJ, Lee CH, Liu H, Ciurlionis R, Ditewig AC, Doktor S, Andracki ME, Gagne GD, Waring JF, Marsh KC, Gopalakrishnan M, Blomme EAG, Yang Y. AhR activation underlies the CYP1A autoinduction by A-998679 in rats. Front Genet 2012; 3:213. [PMID: 23112805 PMCID: PMC3481155 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenobiotic-mediated induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) is frequently encountered in drug discovery and can influence disposition, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity profiles. The CYP1A subfamily of DMEs plays a central role in the biotransformation of several drugs and environmental chemicals. Autoinduction of drugs through CYP3A enzymes is a common mechanism for their enhanced clearance. However, autoinduction via CYP1A is encountered less frequently. In this report, an experimental compound, A-998679 [3-(5-pyridin-3-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl) benzonitrile], was shown to enhance its own clearance via induction of Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2. Rats were dosed for 5 days with 30, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day A-998679. During the dosing period, the compound's plasma AUC decreased at 30 mg/kg (95%) and 100 mg/kg (80%). Gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry of the livers showed a large increase in the mRNA and protein levels of Cyp1a, which was involved in the biotransformation of A-998679. Induction of CYP1A was confirmed in primary rat, human, and dog hepatocytes. The compound also weakly inhibited CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes. A-998679 activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in a luciferase gene reporter assay in HepG2 cells, upregulated expression of genes associated with AhR activation in rat liver and enhanced nuclear migration of AhR in HepG2 cells. Collectively these results demonstrate that A-998679 is an AhR activator that induces Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2 expression, resulting in an autoinduction phenomenon. The unique properties of A-998679, along with its novel structure distinct from classical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), may warrant its further evaluation as a tool compound for use in studies involving AhR biology and CYP1A-related mechanisms of drug metabolism and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Liguori
- Abbott Laboratories, Department of Cellular, Molecular, and Exploratory Toxicology Abbott Park, IL, USA
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Agbor LN, Walsh MT, Boberg JR, Walker MK. Elevated blood pressure in cytochrome P4501A1 knockout mice is associated with reduced vasodilation to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 264:351-60. [PMID: 22995157 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) metabolizes omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs); eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), primarily to 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EEQ) and 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid (19,20-EDP), respectively. These metabolites have been shown to mediate vasodilation via increases in nitric oxide (NO) and activation of potassium channels. We hypothesized that genetic deletion of CYP1A1 would reduce vasodilatory responses to n-3 PUFAs, but not the metabolites, and increase blood pressure (BP) due to decreases in NO. We assessed BP by radiotelemetry in CYP1A1 wildtype (WT) and knockout (KO) mice±NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor. We also assessed vasodilation to acetylcholine (ACh), EPA, DHA, 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP in aorta and mesenteric arterioles. Further, we assessed vasodilation to an NO donor and to DHA±inhibitors of potassium channels. CYP1A1 KO mice were hypertensive, compared to WT, (mean BP in mmHg, WT 103±1, KO 116±1, n=5/genotype, p<0.05), and exhibited a reduced heart rate (beats per minute, WT 575±5; KO 530±7; p<0.05). However, BP responses to NOS inhibition and vasorelaxation responses to ACh and an NO donor were normal in CYP1A1 KO mice, suggesting that NO bioavailability was not reduced. In contrast, CYP1A1 KO mice exhibited significantly attenuated vasorelaxation responses to EPA and DHA in both the aorta and mesenteric arterioles, but normal vasorelaxation responses to the CYP1A1 metabolites, 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP, and normal responses to potassium channel inhibition. Taken together these data suggest that CYP1A1 metabolizes n-3 PUFAs to vasodilators in vivo and the loss of these vasodilators may lead to increases in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry N Agbor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Jennings P, Limonciel A, Felice L, Leonard MO. An overview of transcriptional regulation in response to toxicological insult. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:49-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Lind L, Lind PM. Can persistent organic pollutants and plastic-associated chemicals cause cardiovascular disease? J Intern Med 2012; 271:537-53. [PMID: 22372998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, associations between persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins and pesticides, and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and overt CV disease (CVD) have been reported in humans. Recently, associations between plastic-associated chemicals (PACs), such as bisphenol A and phthalates, and CVD have also begun to emerge. Several approaches to evaluating such associations have been used: accidents with a high level of exposure, occupational exposure studies, geographical studies of subjects living near a contaminated area and traditional case-control or cohort studies with measurements of circulating levels of different environmental contaminants in the general population. Exposure to POPs has consistently been associated with diabetes using all the approaches described above, including prospective studies. The evidence regarding associations between exposure to POPs and other CV risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity and lipids, is less strong and is mainly based on cross-sectional data. Associations between overt CVD and POPs have been reported using all the above approaches, but prospective data from population-based studies are still lacking to provide firm evidence of an important and independent role of POP exposure in the pathogenesis of CVD. Nevertheless, taken together, current evidence suggests that further longitudinal and experimental studies should be conducted to investigate the effect of exposure to both POPs and PACs, such as bisphenol A and phthalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Peroxidase-like activity of uncoupled cytochrome P450: studies with bilirubin and toxicological implications of uncoupling. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:374-82. [PMID: 22564776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The NADPH-dependent consumption of O(2) by cytochrome P450 BM3 was stimulated by either laurate or perfluorolaurate, but the NADPH/O(2) molar consumption ratios were approximately 1 and 2, respectively, indicating that perfluorolaurate does not become oxygenated by BM3 and oxygen undergoes full reduction to water. The nature of this catalytic cycle uncoupled to hydroxylation was explored using bilirubin as a molecular probe. During uncoupling with perfluorolaurate bilirubin was degraded and stimulated O(2) uptake by an approximately equimolar amount. No stimulation of oxygen uptake was caused by bilirubin in presence of NADPH alone or in presence of laurate together with NADPH; under these conditions little degradation of bilirubin was observed. Mesobilirubin was also degraded during uncoupling with perfluorolaurate, whereas biliverdin (which lacks the central methene bridge present in rubins) was unaffected. It is suggested that the CYP ferryl oxygen species abstracts a hydrogen atom from the central methene bridge of bilirubin to generate a radical, which is further dehydrogenated to biliverdin or else binds O(2) and undergoes fragmentation. We conclude that the uncoupled catalytic cycle of cytochrome P450 has properties resembling those of a peroxidase and that bilirubin is rapidly oxidized as a peroxidase substrate. The potential toxicological significance of cytochrome P450 uncoupling is considered.
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EGCG protects endothelial cells against PCB 126-induced inflammation through inhibition of AhR and induction of Nrf2-regulated genes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 261:181-8. [PMID: 22521609 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tea flavonoids such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) protect against vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis via their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. Persistent and widespread environmental pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), can induce oxidative stress and inflammation in vascular endothelial cells. Even though PCBs are no longer produced, they are still detected in human blood and tissues and thus considered a risk for vascular dysfunction. We hypothesized that EGCG can protect endothelial cells against PCB-induced cell damage via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. To test this hypothesis, primary vascular endothelial cells were pretreated with EGCG, followed by exposure to the coplanar PCB 126. Exposure to PCB 126 significantly increased cytochrome P450 1A1 (Cyp1A1) mRNA and protein expression and superoxide production, events which were significantly attenuated following pretreatment with EGCG. Similarly, EGCG also reduced DNA binding of NF-κB and downstream expression of inflammatory markers such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1) after PCB exposure. Furthermore, EGCG decreased endogenous or base-line levels of Cyp1A1, MCP-1 and VCAM-1 in endothelial cells. Most of all, treatment of EGCG upregulated expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-controlled antioxidant genes, including glutathione S transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, silencing of Nrf2 increased Cyp1A1, MCP-1 and VCAM-1 and decreased GST and NQO1 expression, respectively. These data suggest that EGCG can inhibit AhR regulated genes and induce Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes, thus providing protection against PCB-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells.
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Walker MK, Boberg JR, Walsh MT, Wolf V, Trujillo A, Duke MS, Palme R, Felton LA. A less stressful alternative to oral gavage for pharmacological and toxicological studies in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 260:65-9. [PMID: 22326784 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral gavage dosing can induce stress and potentially confound experimental measurements, particularly when blood pressure and heart rate are endpoints of interest. Thus, we developed a pill formulation that mice would voluntarily consume and tested the hypothesis that pill dosing would be significantly less stressful than oral gavage. C57Bl/6 male mice were singly housed and on four consecutive days were exposed to an individual walking into the room (week 1, control), a pill being placed into the cage (week 2), and a dose of water via oral gavage (week 3). Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded by radiotelemetry continuously for 5h after treatment, and feces collected 6-10h after treatment for analysis of corticosterone metabolites. Both pill and gavage dosing significantly increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) during the first hour, compared to control. However, the increase in MAP was significantly greater after gavage and remained elevated up to 5h, while MAP returned to normal within 2h after a pill. Neither pill nor gavage dosing significantly increased heart rate during the first hour, compared to control; however, pill dosing significantly reduced heart rate while gavage significantly increased heart rate 2-5h post dosing. MAP and heart rate did not differ 24h after dosing. Lastly, only gavage dosing significantly increased fecal corticosterone metabolites, indicating a systemic stress response via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. These data demonstrated that this pill dosing method of mice is significantly less stressful than oral gavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Walker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin treatment alters eicosanoid levels in several organs of the mouse in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent fashion. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 259:143-51. [PMID: 22230337 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) adversely affects many mammalian organs and tissues. These effects are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 are upregulated by the liganded AHR. These (and other) cytochromes P450 can metabolize arachidonic acid into a variety of bioactive eicosanoids. Towards investigating a potential role of eicosanoids in TCDD toxicity, arachidonic acid, two other unsaturated long-chain fatty acids, and up to twenty-five eicosanoids were measured in five organs/tissues of male and female wild-type and Ahr null mice treated or untreated with TCDD. TCDD generally increased the levels of the four dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) and (where measured) 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid and 18-, 19- and 20-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (HETEs) in the serum, liver, spleen and lungs, but not the heart, of both sexes, and increased the levels in the serum, liver and spleen of several metabolites that are usually considered products of lipoxygenase activity, but which may also be generated by cytochromes P450. TCDD also increased the levels of the esterified forms of these eicosanoids in the liver in parallel with the corresponding free forms. The levels of prostanoids were generally not affected by TCDD. The above changes did not occur in Ahr null mice, and are therefore mediated by the AHR. TCDD increased the mRNA levels of Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Cyp1b1 and the Pla2g12a form of phospholipase A(2) to varying degrees in the different organs, and these increases correlated with some but not all the changes in eicosanoids levels in the organs, suggesting that other enzymes may also be involved.
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