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Balasubramanian S, Perumal E. Integrated in silico analysis of transcriptomic alterations in nanoparticle toxicity across human and mouse models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174897. [PMID: 39053559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles, due to their exceptional physicochemical properties are used in our day-to-day environment. They are currently not regulated which might lead to increased levels in the biological systems causing adverse effects. However, the overall mechanism behind nanotoxicity remains elusive. Previously, we analysed the transcriptome datasets of copper oxide nanoparticles using in silico tools and identified IL-17, chemokine signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction as the key pathways altered. Based on the findings, we hypothesized a common pathway could be involved in transition metal oxide nanoparticles toxicity irrespective of the variables. Further, there could be unique transcriptome changes between metal oxide nanoparticles and other nanoparticles. To accomplish this, the overall transcriptome datasets of nanoparticles consisting of microarray and RNA-Seq were obtained. >90 studies for 17 different nanoparticles, performed in humans, rats, and mice were assessed. After initial screening, 24 mouse studies (with 196 datasets) and 34 human studies (with 200 datasets) were used for further analyses. The common genes that are dysregulated upon NPs exposure were identified for human and mouse datasets separately. Further, an overrepresentation functional enrichment analysis was performed. The common genes, their gene ontology, gene-gene, and protein-protein interactions were assessed. The overall results suggest that IL-17 and its related pathways might be commonly altered in nanoparticle exposure with lung as one of the major organs affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheeswaran Balasubramanian
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India.
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Zhang P, Jiang Y, Schwab F, Monikh FA, Grillo R, White JC, Guo Z, Lynch I. Strategies for Enhancing Plant Immunity and Resilience Using Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9051-9060. [PMID: 38742946 PMCID: PMC11137868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Research on plant-nanomaterial interactions has greatly advanced over the past decade. One particularly fascinating discovery encompasses the immunomodulatory effects in plants. Due to the low doses needed and the comparatively low toxicity of many nanomaterials, nanoenabled immunomodulation is environmentally and economically promising for agriculture. It may reduce environmental costs associated with excessive use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, which can lead to soil and water pollution. Furthermore, nanoenabled strategies can enhance plant resilience against various biotic and abiotic stresses, contributing to the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems and the reduction of crop losses due to environmental factors. While nanoparticle immunomodulatory effects are relatively well-known in animals, they are still to be understood in plants. Here, we provide our perspective on the general components of the plant's immune system, including the signaling pathways, networks, and molecules of relevance for plant nanomodulation. We discuss the recent scientific progress in nanoenabled immunomodulation and nanopriming and lay out key avenues to use plant immunomodulation for agriculture. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, and the calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK or CPK) pathway are of particular interest due to their interconnected function and significance in the response to biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, we underscore that understanding the plant hormone salicylic acid is vital for nanoenabled applications to induce systemic acquired resistance. It is suggested that a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating environmental impact assessments and focusing on scalability, can expedite the realization of enhanced crop yields through nanotechnology while fostering a healthier environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yaqi Jiang
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation,
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fabienne Schwab
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Grillo
- Department
of Physics and Chemistry, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, SP 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Jason C. White
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut
Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Zhiling Guo
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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Mohamed HRH, El-Shamy S, Abdelgayed SS, Albash R, El-Shorbagy H. Modulation efficiency of clove oil nano-emulsion against genotoxic, oxidative stress, and histological injuries induced via titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7715. [PMID: 38565575 PMCID: PMC10987579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have found wide applications in medical and industrial fields. However, the toxic effect of various tissues is still under study. In this study, we evaluated the toxic effect of TiO2-NP on stomach, liver, and kidney tissues and the amelioration effect of clove oil nanoemulsion (CLV-NE) against DNA damage, oxidative stress, pathological changes, and the apoptotic effect of TiO2-NPs. Four groups of male mice were subjected to oral treatment for five consecutive days including, the control group, the group treated with TiO2-NPs (50 mg/kg), the group treated with (CLV-NE) (5% of the MTD), and the group treated with TiO2-NPs plus CLV-NE. The results revealed that the treatment with TiO2-NPs significantly caused DNA damage in the liver, stomach, and kidney tissues due to increased ROS as indicated by the reduction of the antioxidant activity of SOD and Gpx and increased MDA level. Further, abnormal histological signs and apoptotic effect confirmed by the significant elevation of p53 expression were reported after TiO2-NPs administration. The present data reported a significant improvement in the previous parameters after treatment with CLV-NE. These results showed the collaborative effect of the oils and the extra role of nanoemulsion in enhancing antioxidant effectiveness that enhances its disperse-ability and further promotes its controlled release. One could conclude that CLV-NE is safe and can be used as a powerful antioxidative agent to assess the toxic effects of the acute use of TiO2-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan R H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sawsan El-Shamy
- College of Oral and Dental Surgery, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherein S Abdelgayed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rofida Albash
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haidan El-Shorbagy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Science and Arts, 6th October, Giza, Egypt.
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Moselhy WA, Ibrahim MA, Khalifa AG, El-Nahass ES, Hassan NEHY. The effects of TiO2, ZnO, IONs and Al2O3 metallic nanoparticles on the CYP1A1 and NBN transcripts in rat liver. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae034. [PMID: 38559758 PMCID: PMC10980790 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metal oxide nanoparticles are currently used widely in many aspects of human and animal life with broad prospects for biomedical purposes. The present work was carried out to investigate the effects of orally administrated TiO2NPs, ZnONPs, IONs and Al2O3NPs on the mRNA expression level of CYP 1A1 and NBN in the rat liver. Materials and Methods Four groups of male Albino rats were given their respective treatment orally for 60 days in a dose of 1/20 of the LD50 TiO2NPs (600 mg/Kg b.wt/day), ZnONPs (340 mg/Kg b.wt/day), IONs (200 mg/kg b.wt/day) and Al2O3NPs (100 mg/Kg b.wt/day) and a fifth group served as a control group. Rresults The mRNA level of CYP 1A1 and NBN showed up-regulation in all the NPs-treated groups relative to the control group. ZnONPs group recorded the highest expression level while the TiO2NPs group showed the lowest expression level transcript. Conclusion:The toxic effects produced by these nanoparticles were more pronounced in the case of zinc oxide, followed by aluminum oxide, iron oxide nanoparticles and titanium dioxide, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A Moselhy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahlam G Khalifa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahass
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nour El-Houda Y Hassan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Ammendolia MG, De Berardis B. Nanoparticle Impact on the Bacterial Adaptation: Focus on Nano-Titania. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3616. [PMID: 36296806 PMCID: PMC9609019 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-titania/TiO2 NPs) are used in different fields and applications. However, the release of TiO2 NPs into the environment has raised concerns about their biosafety and biosecurity. In light of the evidence that TiO2 NPs could be used to counteract antibiotic resistance, they have been investigated for their antibacterial activity. Studies reported so far indicate a good performance of TiO2 NPs against bacteria, alone or in combination with antibiotics. However, bacteria are able to invoke multiple response mechanisms in an attempt to adapt to TiO2 NPs. Bacterial adaption arises from global changes in metabolic pathways via the modulation of regulatory networks and can be related to single-cell or multicellular communities. This review describes how the impact of TiO2 NPs on bacteria leads to several changes in microorganisms, mainly during long-term exposure, that can evolve towards adaptation and/or increased virulence. Strategies employed by bacteria to cope with TiO2 NPs suggest that their use as an antibacterial agent has still to be extensively investigated from the point of view of the risk of adaptation, to prevent the development of resistance. At the same time, possible effects on increased virulence following bacterial target modifications by TiO2 NPs on cells or tissues have to be considered.
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Cornu R, Béduneau A, Martin H. Ingestion of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a definite health risk for consumers and their progeny. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2655-2686. [PMID: 35895099 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most commonly used nanomaterials in the world. Additive E171, which is used in the food industry, contains a nanometric particle fraction of TiO2. Oral exposure of humans to these nanoparticles (NPs) is intensive, leading to the question of their impact on health. Daily oral intake by rats of amounts of E171 that are relevant to human intake has been associated with an increased risk of chronic intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis. Due to their food preferences, children are very exposed to this NP. Furthermore, maternal-foetal transfer of TiO2 NPs during pregnancy, as well as exposure of the offspring by breastfeeding, have been recently described. In France, the use of E171 in the production of foodstuffs was suspended in January 2020 as a precautionary measure. To provide some answers to this public health problem and help global regulatory agencies finalize their decisions, we reviewed in vitro and in vivo studies that address the effects of TiO2 NPs through oral exposure, especially their effects on the gastrointestinal tract, one of the most exposed tissues. Our review also highlights the effects of exposure on the offspring during pregnancy and by breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Cornu
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Arnaud Béduneau
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Hélène Martin
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France.
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Abdel-Halim KY, Osman SR, Abuzeid MA, El-Danasoury HT, Khozimy AM. Apoptotic and histopathological defects enhanced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in male mice after short-term exposure. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1331-1346. [PMID: 36518392 PMCID: PMC9743451 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are commercially utilized in diverse fields. Therefore, the current study investigated the apoptotic and histopathological defects that were caused in male mice following intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of TiO2NPs for 28 days. Doses: 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/kg body weight were applied (10 mice for each group). Results revealed that, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly increased in homogenates of liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, and muscles of treated animals, respect to their controls. Also, significant alterations in acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and ALP) activities were reported. The dose 5.0 mg/kg exhibited a significant decline in cell viability of blood samples (74.9 %) (P 0.05 = 0.0177), followed by 2.5 mg/kg (80.8 %), and finally the 10.0 mg/kg (81.8 %) with respect to control (96.3 %). Additionally, significant increases of expressed proteins of caspases-3 and-7 were noticed in cells of the treated animals. Ultrastructural investigations in sections of liver, kidney, lung and spleen of the treated animals showed significant defects, especially in the nucleus, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), compared to normal patterns of the control. Also, significant induction of nanoparticle (NPs)-phagolysosomes was visualized in sections of the treated animals. The present findings might provide evidence for the risk pattern of TiO2NPs in mammals after short-term exposure. So, TiO2NPs-based commercial products have now increased in the markets, and it is prudent to investigate their mammalian toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Y. Abdel-Halim
- Mammalian & Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Safaa R. Osman
- Mammalian & Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 12618 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A.F. Abuzeid
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, PO Box 59, Damanhour city, El-Behera, Egypt
| | - Heba T.M. El-Danasoury
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia city, Egypt
| | - Alaa M. Khozimy
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, PO Box 59, Damanhour city, El-Behera, Egypt
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A New Look at the Effects of Engineered ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles: Evidence from Transcriptomics Studies. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081247. [PMID: 35457956 PMCID: PMC9031840 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to their excellent electrical, optical, whitening, UV-adsorbing and bactericidal properties. The extensive production and utilization of these NPs increases their chances of being released into the environment and conferring unintended biological effects upon exposure. With the increasingly prevalent use of the omics technique, new data are burgeoning which provide a global view on the overall changes induced by exposures to NPs. In this review, we provide an account of the biological effects of ZnO and TiO2 NPs arising from transcriptomics in in vivo and in vitro studies. In addition to studies on humans and mice, we also describe findings on ecotoxicology-related species, such as Danio rerio (zebrafish), Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode) or Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress). Based on evidence from transcriptomics studies, we discuss particle-induced biological effects, including cytotoxicity, developmental alterations and immune responses, that are dependent on both material-intrinsic and acquired/transformed properties. This review seeks to provide a holistic insight into the global changes induced by ZnO and TiO2 NPs pertinent to human and ecotoxicology.
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Li M, Luo Q, Tao Y, Sun X, Liu C. Pharmacotherapies for Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Current Literature Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:806249. [PMID: 35069218 PMCID: PMC8766857 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.806249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has become a serious public health problem. For the management of DILI, discontinuation of suspicious drug or medicine is the first step, but the treatments including drugs and supporting approaches are needed. Reference to clinical patterns and disease severity grades of DILI, the treatment drugs were considered to summarize into hepatoprotective drugs (N-acetylcysteine and Glutathione, Glycyrrhizin acid preparation, Polyene phosphatidylcholine, Bicyclol, Silymarin), anticholestatic drug (Ursodeoxycholic acid, S-adenosylmethionine, Cholestyramine), immunosuppressants (Glucocorticoids) and specific treatment agents (L-carnitine, Anticoagulants). The current article reviewed the accumulated literature with evidence-based medicine researches for DILI in clinical practice. Also the drawbacks of the clinical studies involved in the article, unmet needs and prospective development for DILI therapy were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Tao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai, China
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Asadi N, Yousefi E, Tappeh KH, Khademvatan S. Anti-toxoplasma and Cytotoxic Activities of Holothuria leucospilota Extract and TiO 2NPs In vitro and In vivo. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:e170122200295. [PMID: 35078399 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220117120303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An impressive treatment for toxoplasmosis is the combinatory use of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine. However, both the drugs involve significant side effects and toxicity for the host. Therefore, the discovery of new anti-toxoplasma medications with high efficacy and less to no side effects is urgently needed. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the anti-toxoplasmic effects of Holothuria leucospilota (H. leucospilota) extract and TiO2NPs on the cell death of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) tachyzoites in vitro and serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP), and also to evaluate the immune response and production of IL-5, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in a mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract against the tachyzoite of T. gondii was evaluated by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The levels of serum TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-5, and liver enzymes were measured, as well. All the groups were subjected to T. gondii, and the survival rate of experimental mice was evaluated. RESULTS Our findings suggested in vivo and in vitro anti-toxoplasmic activity of TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract by inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of T. gondii tachyzoite. In addition, a significant increase in IFN-γ and TNF-α production was observed in mice treated with high doses of TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract. However, IL-5 levels decreased in TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract-treated mice. Our results also showed a highly significant increase (P < 0.05) in the levels of ALT, AST, and ALP in the groups injected with TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract, but not the control group. CONCLUSION TiO2NPs and H. leucospilota extract have greater anti-toxoplasma effects in vitro and in vivo. These two compounds could be considered as a candidate for use against toxoplasmosis, both therapeutically and prophylactically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Asadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elham Yousefi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Khosrow Hazrati Tappeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shahram Khademvatan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Llewellyn SV, Conway GE, Zanoni I, Jørgensen AK, Shah UK, Seleci DA, Keller JG, Kim JW, Wohlleben W, Jensen KA, Costa A, Jenkins GJS, Clift MJD, Doak SH. Understanding the impact of more realistic low-dose, prolonged engineered nanomaterial exposure on genotoxicity using 3D models of the human liver. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:193. [PMID: 34183029 PMCID: PMC8240362 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the continued integration of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into everyday applications, it is important to understand their potential for inducing adverse human health effects. However, standard in vitro hazard characterisation approaches suffer limitations for evaluating ENM and so it is imperative to determine these potential hazards under more physiologically relevant and realistic exposure scenarios in target organ systems, to minimise the necessity for in vivo testing. The aim of this study was to determine if acute (24 h) and prolonged (120 h) exposures to five ENMs (TiO2, ZnO, Ag, BaSO4 and CeO2) would have a significantly different toxicological outcome (cytotoxicity, (pro-)inflammatory and genotoxic response) upon 3D human HepG2 liver spheroids. In addition, this study evaluated whether a more realistic, prolonged fractionated and repeated ENM dosing regime induces a significantly different toxicity outcome in liver spheroids as compared to a single, bolus prolonged exposure. RESULTS Whilst it was found that the five ENMs did not impede liver functionality (e.g. albumin and urea production), induce cytotoxicity or an IL-8 (pro-)inflammatory response, all were found to cause significant genotoxicity following acute exposure. Most statistically significant genotoxic responses were not dose-dependent, with the exception of TiO2. Interestingly, the DNA damage effects observed following acute exposures, were not mirrored in the prolonged exposures, where only 0.2-5.0 µg/mL of ZnO ENMs were found to elicit significant (p ≤ 0.05) genotoxicity. When fractionated, repeated exposure regimes were performed with the test ENMs, no significant (p ≥ 0.05) difference was observed when compared to the single, bolus exposure regime. There was < 5.0% cytotoxicity observed across all exposures, and the mean difference in IL-8 cytokine release and genotoxicity between exposure regimes was 3.425 pg/mL and 0.181%, respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, whilst there was no difference between a single, bolus or fractionated, repeated ENM prolonged exposure regimes upon the toxicological output of 3D HepG2 liver spheroids, there was a difference between acute and prolonged exposures. This study highlights the importance of evaluating more realistic ENM exposures, thereby providing a future in vitro approach to better support ENM hazard assessment in a routine and easily accessible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V Llewellyn
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gillian E Conway
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ilaria Zanoni
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, CNR-ISTEC-National Research Council of Italy, Faenza, Italy
| | - Amalie Kofoed Jørgensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ume-Kulsoom Shah
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Didem Ag Seleci
- Advanced Materials Research, Department of Material Physics and Analytics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Advanced Materials Research, Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Johannes G Keller
- Advanced Materials Research, Department of Material Physics and Analytics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Advanced Materials Research, Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jeong Won Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Advanced Materials Research, Department of Material Physics and Analytics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Advanced Materials Research, Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Costa
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, CNR-ISTEC-National Research Council of Italy, Faenza, Italy
| | - Gareth J S Jenkins
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Martin J D Clift
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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12
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Bakour M, Hammas N, Laaroussi H, Ousaaid D, Fatemi HEL, Aboulghazi A, Soulo N, Lyoussi B. Moroccan Bee Bread Improves Biochemical and Histological Changes of the Brain, Liver, and Kidneys Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6632128. [PMID: 34258274 PMCID: PMC8249149 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6632128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) were used in various fields such as food industry, cosmetics, medicine, and agriculture. Despite the many advantages of nanotechnology, the adverse effects of nanoparticles are inevitable. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of bee bread on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle toxicity. Male rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 received daily by gavage (10 mL/kg bw) of distilled water, Group 2 received bee bread ethanolic extract (100 mg/kg bw), Group 3 received TiO2 (100 mg/kg bw) and distilled water (10 mL/kg bw), and Group 4 received TiO2 (100 mg/kg bw) and bee bread ethanolic extract (100 mg/kg bw). All treatments were given daily by gavage during 30 days. At the end of the experiment period, blood samples were collected to analyze fasting blood glucose, lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and VLDL-C), liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and LDH), total protein, urea, albumin, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and chloride ions. In addition, histological examinations of the kidneys, liver, and brain were investigated. The results showed that the subacute administration of TiO2 alone (100 mg/kg bw) had induced hyperglycemia (309 ± 5 mg/dL) and elevation of hepatic enzyme levels, accompanied by a change in both lipid profile and renal biomarkers as well as induced congestion and dilatation in the hepatic central vein and congestion in kidney and brain tissues. However, the cotreatment with bee bread extract restored these biochemical parameters and attenuated the deleterious effects of titanium nanoparticles on brain, liver, and kidney functions which could be due to its rich content on functional molecules. The findings of this paper could make an important contribution to the field of using bee bread as a detoxifying agent against titanium dioxide nanoparticles and other xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Bakour
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Nawal Hammas
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Hassan II, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Hassan Laaroussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Driss Ousaaid
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hinde EL Fatemi
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Hassan II, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Abderrazak Aboulghazi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Najoua Soulo
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
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13
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Yu J, Choi SJ. Particle Size and Biological Fate of ZnO Do Not Cause Acute Toxicity, but Affect Toxicokinetics and Gene Expression Profiles in the Rat Livers after Oral Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041698. [PMID: 33567653 PMCID: PMC7915389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) particles have been used as dietary supplements because zinc is an essential trace element for humans. Along with the rapid development of nanotechnology, the use of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing in the food industry, but their oral toxicity potential still remains to be answered. In this study, the effects of particle size and biological fate of ZnO on acute toxicity, toxicokinetics, and gene expression profiles in the livers were investigated after oral administration of ZnO NPs (N-ZnO), bulk-sized ZnO (B-ZnO) or Zn ions in rats. The plasma concentration-time profiles after a single-dose oral administration of ZnOs differed depending on particle/ionic forms and particle size, showing high absorption of Zn ions, followed by N-ZnO and B-ZnO, although in vivo solubility did not differ from particle size. No significant acute toxicity was found after oral administration of ZnOs for 14 days in rats. However, transcriptomic responses in the livers were differently affected, showing that metabolic process and metal biding were up-regulated by Zn ions and N-ZnO, respectively, which were not pronounced in the liver treated with B-ZnO. These findings will be useful to predict the potential oral toxicity of ZnO NPs and further mechanistic and long-term exposure studies are required to assume their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soo-Jin Choi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-970-5634; Fax: +82-2-970-5977
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14
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Han HY, Yang MJ, Yoon C, Lee GH, Kim DW, Kim TW, Kwak M, Heo MB, Lee TG, Kim S, Oh JH, Lim HJ, Oh I, Yoon S, Park EJ. Toxicity of orally administered food-grade titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:1127-1147. [PMID: 33241596 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This year, France banned the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles as a food additive (hereafter, E171) based on the insufficient oral toxicity data. Here, we investigated the subchronic toxic responses of E171 (0, 10, 100, and 1,000 mg/kg) and tried to elucidate the possible toxic mechanism using AGS cells, a human stomach epithelial cell line. There were no dose-related changes in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development test guideline-related endpoints. Meanwhile, E171 deeply penetrated cells lining the stomach tissues of rats, and the IgM and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels were significantly lower in the blood from rats exposed to E171 compared with the control. The colonic antioxidant protein level decreased with increasing Ti accumulation. Additionally, after 24-h exposure, E171 located in the perinuclear region of AGS cells and affected expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins. However, cell death was not observed up to the used maximum concentration. A gene profile analysis also showed that immune response-related microRNAs were most strongly affected by E171 exposure. Collectively, we concluded that the NOAEL of E171 for 90 days repeated oral administration is between 100 and 1,000 mg/kg for both male and female rats. Additionally, further study is needed to clarify the possible carcinogenesis following the chronic accumulation in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Yun Han
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Yang
- Jeonbuk Pathology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Hee Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kwak
- Nanosafety Metrology Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Beom Heo
- Nanosafety Metrology Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Nanosafety Metrology Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Lim
- East-West Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyung Oh
- East-West Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- East-West Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kohl Y, Rundén-Pran E, Mariussen E, Hesler M, El Yamani N, Longhin EM, Dusinska M. Genotoxicity of Nanomaterials: Advanced In Vitro Models and High Throughput Methods for Human Hazard Assessment-A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1911. [PMID: 32992722 PMCID: PMC7601632 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the genetic material can lead to serious human health defects, as mutations in somatic cells may cause cancer and can contribute to other chronic diseases. Genotoxic events can appear at both the DNA, chromosomal or (during mitosis) whole genome level. The study of mechanisms leading to genotoxicity is crucially important, as well as the detection of potentially genotoxic compounds. We consider the current state of the art and describe here the main endpoints applied in standard human in vitro models as well as new advanced 3D models that are closer to the in vivo situation. We performed a literature review of in vitro studies published from 2000-2020 (August) dedicated to the genotoxicity of nanomaterials (NMs) in new models. Methods suitable for detection of genotoxicity of NMs will be presented with a focus on advances in miniaturization, organ-on-a-chip and high throughput methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany;
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Espen Mariussen
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Michelle Hesler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany;
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Eleonora Marta Longhin
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2007 Kjeller, Norway; (E.R.-P.); (E.M.); (N.E.Y.); (E.M.L.); (M.D.)
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16
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Wani MR, Shadab GGHA. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle genotoxicity: A review of recent in vivo and in vitro studies. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:514-530. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233720936835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs, size <100 nm) find applications in a wide range of products including food and cosmetics. Studies have found that exposure to TiO2 NPs can cause inflammation, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and cell apoptosis. In this article, we have reviewed the recent literature on the potential of TiO2 NPs to cause genotoxicity and summarized the results of two standard genotoxicity assays, the comet and micronucleus (MN) assays. Analysis of these peer-reviewed publications shows that the comet assay is the most common genotoxicity test, followed by MN, Ames, and chromosome aberration tests. These assays have reported positive as well as negative results, although there is inconsistency in some results that need to be confirmed further by well-designed experiments. We also discuss the possible mechanisms of TiO2 NP genotoxicity and point out areas that warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafiq Wani
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - GGHA Shadab
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Malaviya P, Shukal D, Vasavada AR. Nanotechnology-based Drug Delivery, Metabolism and Toxicity. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:1167-1190. [PMID: 31902350 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200103091753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles (NPs) are being used extensively owing to their increased surface area, targeted delivery and enhanced retention. NPs have the potential to be used in many disease conditions. Despite widespread use, their toxicity and clinical safety still remain a major concern. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the metabolism and toxicological effects of nanotherapeutics. METHODS Comprehensive, time-bound literature search was done covering the period from 2010 till date. The primary focus was on the metabolism of NP including their adsorption, degradation, clearance, and bio-persistence. This review also focuses on updated investigations on NPs with respect to their toxic effects on various in vitro and in vivo experimental models. RESULTS Nanotechnology is a thriving field of biomedical research and an efficient drug delivery system. Further their applications are under investigation for diagnosis of disease and as medical devices. CONCLUSION The toxicity of NPs is a major concern in the application of NPs as therapeutics. Studies addressing metabolism, side-effects and safety of NPs are desirable to gain maximum benefits of nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Malaviya
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad 380052, India.,Ph.D. Scholars, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Dhaval Shukal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad 380052, India.,Ph.D. Scholars, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Abhay R Vasavada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad 380052, India
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18
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Leroux MM, Doumandji Z, Chézeau L, Gaté L, Nahle S, Hocquel R, Zhernovkov V, Migot S, Ghanbaja J, Bonnet C, Schneider R, Rihn BH, Ferrari L, Joubert O. Toxicity of TiO 2 Nanoparticles: Validation of Alternative Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4855. [PMID: 32659965 PMCID: PMC7402355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many studies concerning titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NP) toxicity. Nevertheless, there are few publications comparing in vitro and in vivo exposure, and even less comparing air-liquid interface exposure (ALI) with other in vitro and in vivo exposures. The identification and validation of common markers under different exposure conditions are relevant for the development of smart and quick nanotoxicity tests. In this work, cell viability was assessed in vitro by WST-1 and LDH assays after the exposure of NR8383 cells to TiO2 NP sample. To evaluate in vitro gene expression profile, NR8383 cells were exposed to TiO2 NP during 4 h at 3 cm2 of TiO2 NP/cm2 of cells or 19 μg/mL, in two settings-submerged cultures and ALI. For the in vivo study, Fischer 344 rats were exposed by inhalation to a nanostructured aerosol at a concentration of 10 mg/m3, 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. This was followed immediately by gene expression analysis. The results showed a low cytotoxic potential of TiO2 NP on NR8383 cells. Despite the absence of toxicity at the doses studied, the different exposures to TiO2 NP induce 18 common differentially expressed genes (DEG) which are involved in mitosis regulation, cell proliferation and apoptosis and inflammation transport of membrane proteins. Among these genes, we noticed the upregulation of Ccl4, Osm, Ccl7 and Bcl3 genes which could be suggested as early response biomarkers after exposure to TiO2 NP. On the other hand, the comparison of the three models helped us to validate the alternative ones, namely submerged and ALI approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie M. Leroux
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France; (M.M.L.); (Z.D.); (S.N.); (R.H.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (B.H.R.); (L.F.)
| | - Zahra Doumandji
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France; (M.M.L.); (Z.D.); (S.N.); (R.H.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (B.H.R.); (L.F.)
| | - Laetitia Chézeau
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, rue du Morvan, 54519 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France; (L.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Laurent Gaté
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, rue du Morvan, 54519 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France; (L.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Sara Nahle
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France; (M.M.L.); (Z.D.); (S.N.); (R.H.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (B.H.R.); (L.F.)
| | - Romain Hocquel
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France; (M.M.L.); (Z.D.); (S.N.); (R.H.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (B.H.R.); (L.F.)
| | - Vadim Zhernovkov
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Sylvie Migot
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France; (M.M.L.); (Z.D.); (S.N.); (R.H.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (B.H.R.); (L.F.)
| | - Jafar Ghanbaja
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France; (M.M.L.); (Z.D.); (S.N.); (R.H.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (B.H.R.); (L.F.)
| | - Céline Bonnet
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Genetic Department, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Raphaël Schneider
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Bertrand H. Rihn
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France; (M.M.L.); (Z.D.); (S.N.); (R.H.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (B.H.R.); (L.F.)
| | - Luc Ferrari
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France; (M.M.L.); (Z.D.); (S.N.); (R.H.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (B.H.R.); (L.F.)
| | - Olivier Joubert
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, France; (M.M.L.); (Z.D.); (S.N.); (R.H.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (B.H.R.); (L.F.)
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19
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Fernández I, Ceballos AJ, Bolaños H, Rodríguez-Páez JE. TiO2 Nanostructures (TiO2-NSs): Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Their Toxicity in the Swiss albino Mouse. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Delmond KA, Vicari T, Guiloski IC, Dagostim AC, Voigt CL, Silva de Assis HC, Ramsdorf WA, Cestari MM. Antioxidant imbalance and genotoxicity detected in fish induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NpTiO 2) and inorganic lead (PbII). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 67:42-52. [PMID: 30711874 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NpTiO2) are the most widely-used nanoparticle type and the adsorption of metals such as lead (PbII) onto their surface is a major source of concern to scientists. This study evaluated the effects of the associated exposure to both types of contaminant, i.e., lead (a known genotoxic metal) and NpTiO2, in a freshwater fish (Astyanax serratus) through intraperitoneal injection for an acute assay of 96 h. The effects of this exposure were evaluated using the comet assay, DNA diffusion assay and piscine micronucleus test, as well as the quantification of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GST) and metallothioneins. Our findings indicate that co-exposure of PbII with NpTiO2 can provoke ROS imbalances, leading to DNA damage in the blood and liver tissue of A. serratus, as well as modifying erythropoiesis in this species, inducing necrosis and changing the nuclear morphology of the erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kézia Aguiar Delmond
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Taynah Vicari
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Dagostim
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carmen Lúcia Voigt
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Silva de Assis
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Algarte Ramsdorf
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Federal and Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Environmental Mutagenesis, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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21
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Møller P, Wallin H, Cassee FR, Loft S. Does intranasal instillation TiO 2 cause pulmonary tumorigenesis in male mice? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:1095-1096. [PMID: 29055161 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Innovative perception on using Tiron to modulate the hepatotoxicity induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in male rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:553-561. [PMID: 29677542 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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23
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Dai X, Liu R, Li N, Yi J. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce in vitro autophagy. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:56-64. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327118777849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Concerns about the possible toxicity to environment and human health of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between toxicology and autophage in vitro. Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to five concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 μg/mL) and two particle size of TiO2 NPs (30 and 100 nm) for 24 h. Results: The results showed that TiO2 NPs decreased cell viability, phagocytic rate, and phagocytic index in a concentration-dependent manner, thereby inducing autophagy. TiO2 NPs-induced autophagy was indicated by monodansyl cadaverine staining and transmission electron microscopy. TiO2 NPs-induced messenger RNA expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3 and Beclin-1 was also significantly increased compared with those of the unexposed control cells. LC3 and Beclin-1 protein expression levels were markedly increased with the increase of TiO2 NPs concentrations. Conclusion: These results suggest the possibility that TiO2 NPs-induced toxicology probably plays a key role in autophagy in RAW 264.7 cells, and further exhaustive research on the harmful effects of these NPs in relevant organisms is needed for their safe application.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Dai
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - R Liu
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - N Li
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - J Yi
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Jia X, Wang S, Zhou L, Sun L. The Potential Liver, Brain, and Embryo Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Mice. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:478. [PMID: 28774157 PMCID: PMC5540742 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) has been widely used in industry and medicine. However, the safety of nano-TiO2 exposure remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the liver, brain, and embryo toxicity and the underlying mechanism of nano-TiO2 using mice models. The results showed that titanium was distributed to and accumulated in the heart, brain, spleen, lung, and kidney of mice after intraperitoneal (i.p.) nano-TiO2 exposure, in a dose-dependent manner. The organ/body weight ratios of the heart, spleen, and kidney were significantly increased, and those of the brain and lung were decreased. High doses of nano-TiO2 significantly damaged the functions of liver and kidney and glucose and lipid metabolism, as showed in the blood biochemistry tests. Nano-TiO2 caused damages in mitochondria and apoptosis of hepatocytes, generation of reactive oxygen species, and expression disorders of protective genes in the liver of mice. We found ruptured and cracked nerve cells and inflammatory cell infiltration in the brain. We also found that the activities of constitutive nitric oxide synthases (cNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and acetylcholinesterase, and the levels of nitrous oxide and glutamic acid were changed in the brain after nano-TiO2 exposure. Ex vivo mouse embryo models exhibited developmental and genetic toxicity after high doses of nano-TiO2. The size of nano-TiO2 particles may affect toxicity, larger particles producing higher toxicity. In summary, nano-TiO2 exhibited toxicity in multiple organs in mice after exposure through i.p. injection and gavage. Our study may provide data for the assessment of the risk of nano-TiO2 exposure on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Jia
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
- Technical Center for Safety of Industrial Products of Tianjin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- Technical Center for Safety of Industrial Products of Tianjin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Li Sun
- Technical Center for Safety of Industrial Products of Tianjin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Tianjin, 300308, China
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Fröhlich E. Role of omics techniques in the toxicity testing of nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:84. [PMID: 29157261 PMCID: PMC5697164 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is regarded as a key technology of the twenty-first century. Despite the many advantages of nanotechnology it is also known that engineered nanoparticles (NPs) may cause adverse health effects in humans. Reports on toxic effects of NPs relay mainly on conventional (phenotypic) testing but studies of changes in epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome induced by NPs have also been performed. NPs most relevant for human exposure in consumer, health and food products are metal, metal oxide and carbon-based NPs. They were also studied quite frequently with omics technologies and an overview of the study results can serve to answer the question if screening for established targets of nanotoxicity (e.g. cell death, proliferation, oxidative stress, and inflammation) is sufficient or if omics techniques are needed to reveal new targets. Regulated pathways identified by omics techniques were confirmed by phenotypic assays performed in the same study and comparison of particle types and cells by the same group indicated a more cell/organ-specific than particle specific regulation pattern. Between different studies moderate overlap of the regulated pathways was observed and cell-specific regulation is less obvious. The lack of standardization in particle exposure, in omics technologies, difficulties to translate mechanistic data to phenotypes and comparison with human in vivo data currently limit the use of these technologies in the prediction of toxic effects by NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory effects of sol-gel combustion based titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) particles of large surface area on RAW 264.7 macrophages. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 43:92-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Gastric toxicity involving alterations of gastritis-related protein expression in mice following long-term exposure to nano TiO 2. Food Res Int 2017; 95:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hong F, Yu X, Wu N, Zhang YQ. Progress of in vivo studies on the systemic toxicities induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:115-133. [PMID: 30090482 PMCID: PMC6061230 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are inorganic materials with a diameter of 1-100 nm. In recent years, TiO2 NPs have been used in a wide range of products, including food, toothpaste, cosmetics, medicine, paints and printing materials, due to their unique properties (high stability, anti-corrosion, and efficient photocatalysis). Following exposure via various routes including inhalation, injection, dermal deposition and gastrointestinal tract absorption, NPs can be found in various organs in the body potentially inducing toxic effects. Thus more attention to the safety of TiO2 NPs is necessary. Therefore, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the toxic effects induced by TiO2 NPs in the lung, liver, stomach, intestine, kidney, spleen, brain, hippocampus, heart, blood vessels, ovary and testis of mice and rats in in vivo experiments, and evaluate their potential toxic mechanisms. The findings will provide an important reference for human risk evaluation and management following TiO2 NP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fashui Hong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China .
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China
- School of Life Sciences , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China .
| | - Nan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China .
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China
- School of Life Sciences , Huaiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China .
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Song B, Zhou T, Yang W, Liu J, Shao L. Contribution of oxidative stress to TiO 2 nanoparticle-induced toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:130-140. [PMID: 27771506 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNPs) are widely used in many fields. People in such workplaces or researchers in laboratories are at a higher risk of being exposed to TNPs, so are the consumers. Moreover, increasing evidence revealed that the concentrations of TNPs are elevated in animal organs after systematic exposure and such accumulated TNPs could induce organ dysfunction. Although cellular responses such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy, signaling pathways, and genotoxic effects contribute to the toxicity of TNPs, the interrelationship among them remains obscure. Given the pivotal role of oxidative stress, we summarized relevant articles covering the involvement of oxidative stress in TNPs' toxicity and found that TNP-induced oxidative stress might play a central role in toxic mechanisms. However, available data are far from being conclusive and more investigations should be performed to further confirm whether the toxicity of TNPs might be attributed in part to the cascades of oxidative stress. Tackling this uncertain issue may help us to comprehensively understand the interrelationship among toxic cellular responses induced by TNPs and might shed some light on methods to alleviate toxicity of TNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - WenLong Yang
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - LongQuan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Abukabda AB, Stapleton PA, Nurkiewicz TR. Metal Nanomaterial Toxicity Variations Within the Vascular System. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 3:379-391. [PMID: 27686080 PMCID: PMC5112123 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are anthropogenic materials with at least one dimension less than 100 nm. Their ubiquitous employment in biomedical and industrial applications in the absence of full toxicological assessments raises significant concerns over their safety on human health. This is a significant concern, especially for metal and metal oxide ENM as they may possess the greatest potential to impair human health. A large body of literature has developed that reflects adverse systemic effects associated with exposure to these materials, but an integrated mechanistic framework for how ENM exposure influences morbidity remains elusive. This may be due in large part to the tremendous diversity of existing ENM and the rate at which novel ENM are produced. In this review, the influence of specific ENM physicochemical characteristics and hemodynamic factors on cardiovascular toxicity is discussed. Additionally, the toxicity of metallic and metal oxide ENM is presented in the context of the cardiovascular system and its discrete anatomical and functional components. Finally, future directions and understudied topics are presented. While it is clear that the nanotechnology boom has increased our interest in ENM toxicity, it is also evident that the field of cardiovascular nanotoxicology remains in its infancy and continued, expansive research is necessary in order to determine the mechanisms via which ENM exposure contributes to cardiovascular morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaeddin B. Abukabda
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Phoebe A. Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Sadeghi L, Tanwir F, Yousefi Babadi V. Antioxidant effects of alfalfa can improve iron oxide nanoparticle damage: Invivo and invitro studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 81:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Shakeel M, Jabeen F, Qureshi NA, Fakhr-E-Alam M. Toxic Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Titanium Dioxide Bulk Salt in the Liver and Blood of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats Assessed by Different Assays. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:405-26. [PMID: 27008428 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the toxic effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) bulk salt as well as its nanoparticles (NPs) in anatase phase with mean crystallite size of 36.15 nm in male Sprague-Dawley rats by subcutaneous injections at four different dose levels of either control (0), 50, 100 or 150 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of rat for 28 days on alternate days. Animal mortality, haematology, micronucleus assay, liver histology and activities of liver tissue damage markers like, alkaline phosphate (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), as well as oxidative stress indicators like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were investigated. The study revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) among control and experimental groups in all the haematological parameters at the end of experiment. Significantly elevated levels (P < 0.05) of ALT, AST and ALP were found for the group treated with TiO2 NPs at the dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight as compared to control. TiO2 and TiO2 NPs caused dose-dependent genotoxicity in the blood cells of the treated rat as revealed by micronuclei test. The highest frequency of micronuclei was observed in rats treated with NPs at the dose of 150 mg/kg BW which was significantly different (P < 0.001) from all other experimental groups after 28 days of exposure. Similarly, all the treatments showed dose-dependent oxidative stress in the treated rats. However, the significantly high decline in the activities of CAT, SOD, and GST as well as elevation in malondialdehyde and GSH was observed in the group receiving NPs at the rate of 150 mg/kg BW. TiO2 also caused histological alterations in the liver. The study revealed that higher dose of TiO2 NPs exerted significantly harmful effects on liver and blood as compared to its lower doses as well as from all other doses of their bulk counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shakeel
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Hu X, Li D, Gao Y, Mu L, Zhou Q. Knowledge gaps between nanotoxicological research and nanomaterial safety. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 94:8-23. [PMID: 27203780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With the wide research and application of nanomaterials in various fields, the safety of nanomaterials attracts much attention. An increasing number of reports in the literature have shown the adverse effects of nanomaterials, representing the quick development of nanotoxicology. However, many studies in nanotoxicology have not reflected the real nanomaterial safety, and the knowledge gaps between nanotoxicological research and nanomaterial safety remain large. Considering the remarkable influence of biological or environmental matrices (e.g., biological corona) on nanotoxicity, the situation of performing nanotoxicological experiments should be relevant to the environment and humans. Given the possibility of long-term and low-concentration exposure of nanomaterials, the reversibility of and adaptation to nanotoxicity, and the transgenerational effects should not be ignored. Different from common pollutants, the specific analysis methodology for nanotoxicology need development and exploration furthermore. High-throughput assay integrating with omics was highlighted in the present review to globally investigate nanotoxicity. In addition, the biological responses beyond individual levels, special mechanisms and control of nanotoxicity deserve more attention. The progress of nanotoxicology has been reviewed by previous articles. This review focuses on the blind spots in nanotoxicological research and provides insight into what we should do in future work to support the healthy development of nanotechnology and the evaluation of real nanomaterial safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Dandan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li Mu
- Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Lettino A, Belviso C, Cavalcante F, Fiore S. Environmental risk induced by TiO2 dispersions in waters and sediments: a case study. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:73-84. [PMID: 25682128 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A southern Italian area that is characterized by large outcrops of rocks that are rich in titanium oxide (TiO2) phases were investigated to determine the mineralogical risk induced by the natural dispersion of TiO2 minerals. Rock, sediment and surface water samples were collected to determine the physicochemical and mineralogical factors (i.e., size distribution, morphology and alteration) indicative of potential TiO2 toxicity. X-ray diffraction data suggested that titanium oxides were present as rutile and anatase. Scanning electron microscopy images showed elongated TiO2 morphologies; fibres were found as either isolated or embedded/enclosed in flake-like phyllosilicates. The concentration of fibres in stream water ranged from 1.7 to 4.6 million fibres per litre. The highest fibre amounts in the sediments were in the <8-µm fraction, while single fibres were primarily concentrated in the <2-µm fraction. The results indicate that titanium oxide minerals represent a natural source of environmental risk and that the geomineralogical characterization of rich TiO2 areas is indispensable for understanding their geoavailability, dispersion and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lettino
- Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council of Italy, Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Claudia Belviso
- Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council of Italy, Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavalcante
- Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council of Italy, Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy
| | - Saverio Fiore
- Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council of Italy, Tito Scalo, Potenza, Italy
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Hong F, Zhao X, Si W, Ze Y, Wang L, Zhou Y, Hong J, Yu X, Sheng L, Liu D, Xu B, Zhang J. Decreased spermatogenesis led to alterations of testis-specific gene expression in male mice following nano-TiO2 exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:718-728. [PMID: 26296075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) exposure has been demonstrated to cross blood-testis barrier and accumulate in the testis resulting in the reduction of sperm numbers, limited data with respect to the molecular mechanism of decreased spermatogenesis caused by TiO2 NP exposure. In this research, testicular damage, sperm number and alterations in testis-specific gene expressions in male mice induced by intragastric administration with TiO2 NPs for six months were investigated. It was found out that TiO2 NPs could migrate to cells, deposit in the testis and epididymis and thus cause damages to relevant organs, which are, to be more specific, the reductions of total sperm concentrations and sperm motility and an enhancement in the number of abnormal sperms in the cauda epididymis. Furthermore, the individual expression regarding to the mRNAs and proteins of testis-specific genes, including Cdc2, Cyclin B1, Dmcl, TERT, Tesmin, TESP-1, XPD and XRCCI, were significantly declined, whereas Gsk3-β and PGAM4 expressions were greatly elevated in mouse testis due to the exposures, which in fact implied that the reduced spermatogenesis may be involved in the alternated testis-specific gene expressions in those exposed male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fashui Hong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenhui Si
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Yuguan Ze
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Library of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bingqing Xu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Stine JG, Lewis JH. Current and future directions in the treatment and prevention of drug-induced liver injury: a systematic review. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 10:517-36. [PMID: 26633044 PMCID: PMC5074808 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2016.1127756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While the pace of discovery of new agents, mechanisms and risk factors involved in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains brisk, advances in the treatment of acute DILI seems slow by comparison. In general, the key to treating suspected DILI is to stop using the drug prior to developing irreversible liver failure. However, predicting when to stop is an inexact science, and commonly used ALT monitoring is an ineffective strategy outside of clinical trials. The only specific antidote for acute DILI remains N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for acetaminophen poisoning, although NAC is proving to be beneficial in some cases of non-acetaminophen DILI in adults. Corticosteroids can be effective for DILI associated with autoimmune or systemic hypersensitivity features. Ursodeoxycholic acid, silymarin and glycyrrhizin have been used to treat DILI for decades, but success remains anecdotal. Bile acid washout regimens using cholestyramine appear to be more evidenced based, in particular for leflunomide toxicity. For drug-induced acute liver failure, the use of liver support systems is still investigational in the United States and emergency liver transplant remains limited by its availability. Primary prevention appears to be the key to avoiding DILI and the need for acute treatment. Pharmacogenomics, including human leukocyte antigen genotyping and the discovery of specific DILI biomarkers offers significant promise for the future. This article describes and summarizes the numerous and diverse treatment and prevention modalities that are currently available to manage DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G. Stine
- University of Virginia Health System, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, JPA and Lee Street, MSB 2145, PO Box 800708, Charlottesville VA 22908
| | - James H. Lewis
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007
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Clark J, Gregory CC, Matthews IP, Hoogendoorn B. The biological effects upon the cardiovascular system consequent to exposure to particulates of less than 500 nm in size. Biomarkers 2015; 21:1-47. [PMID: 26643755 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2015.1118540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ultrafine particulate matter contribution to cardiovascular disease is not known and not regulated. PM up to 500 nm are abundant in urban air and alveolar deposition is significant. OBJECTIVE Effects beyond the alveolar barrier within the body or in vitro tissues exposed to particles <500 nm. METHODS AND RESULTS DATABASES MEDLINE; Ovid-MEDLINE PREM; Web of Science; PubMed (SciGlobe). 127 articles. Results in tables: "subject type exposed", "exposure type", "technique". CONCLUSION Heart rate, vasoactivity, atherosclerotic advancement, oxidative stress, coagulability, inflammatory changes are affected. Production of reactive oxygen species is a useful target to limit outcomes associated with UFP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Clark
- a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Clive C Gregory
- a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Ian P Matthews
- a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Bastiaan Hoogendoorn
- a Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
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Oh JH, Son MY, Choi MS, Kim S, Choi AY, Lee HA, Kim KS, Kim J, Song CW, Yoon S. Integrative analysis of genes and miRNA alterations in human embryonic stem cells-derived neural cells after exposure to silver nanoparticles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 299:8-23. [PMID: 26551752 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Given the rapid growth of engineered and customer products made of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), understanding their biological and toxicological effects on humans is critically important. The molecular developmental neurotoxic effects associated with exposure to Ag NPs were analyzed at the physiological and molecular levels, using an alternative cell model: human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs). In this study, the cytotoxic effects of Ag NPs (10-200μg/ml) were examined in these hESC-derived NPCs, which have a capacity for neurogenesis in vitro, at 6 and 24h. The results showed that Ag NPs evoked significant toxicity in hESC-derived NPCs at 24h in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Ag NPs induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis following a significant increase in oxidative stress in these cells. To further clarify the molecular mechanisms of the toxicological effects of Ag NPs at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, the global expression profiles of genes and miRNAs were analyzed in hESC-derived NPCs after Ag NP exposure. The results showed that Ag NPs induced oxidative stress and dysfunctional neurogenesis at the molecular level in hESC-derived NPCs. Based on this hESC-derived neural cell model, these findings have increased our understanding of the molecular events underlying developmental neurotoxicity induced by Ag NPs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwa Oh
- Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of human and environmental toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of functional genomics, University of Science & Technology, 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Choi
- Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Kim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Young Choi
- Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Ae Lee
- Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of human and environmental toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Suk Kim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of human and environmental toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of functional genomics, University of Science & Technology, 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Song
- Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of human and environmental toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of human and environmental toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Lappas CM. The immunomodulatory effects of titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 85:78-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies in rats with nanoscale and pigment grade titanium dioxide particles. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 84:208-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Risk assessment strategies for nanoscale and fine-sized titanium dioxide particles: Recognizing hazard and exposure issues. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 85:138-47. [PMID: 26362081 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The basic tenets for assessing health risks posed by nanoparticles (NP) requires documentation of hazards and the corresponding exposures that may occur. Accordingly, this review describes the range and types of potential human exposures that may result from interactions with titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles or NP - either in the occupational/workplace environment, or in consumer products, including food materials and cosmetics. Each of those applications has a predominant route of exposure. Very little is known about the human impact potential from environmental exposures to NP - thus this particular issue will not be discussed further. In the workplace or occupational setting inhalation exposure predominates. Experimental toxicity studies demonstrate low hazards in particle-exposed rats. Only at chronic overload exposures do rats develop forms of lung pathology. These findings are not supported by multiple epidemiology studies in heavily-exposed TiO2 workers which demonstrate a lack of correlation between chronic particle exposures and adverse health outcomes including lung cancer and noncancerous chronic respiratory effects. Cosmetics and sunscreens represent the major application of dermal exposures to TiO2 particles. Experimental dermal studies indicate a lack of penetration of particles beyond the epidermis with no consequent health risks. Oral exposures to ingested TiO2 particles in food occur via passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), with studies indicating negligible uptake of particles into the bloodstream of humans or rats with subsequent excretion through the feces. In addition, standardized guideline-mandated subchronic oral toxicity studies in rats demonstrate very low toxicity effects with NOAELs of >1000 mg/kg bw/day. Additional issues which are summarized in detail in this review are: 1) Methodologies for implementing the Nano Risk Framework - a process for ensuring the responsible development of products containing nanoscale materials; and 2) Safe-handling of nanomaterials in the laboratory.
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Hong F, Si W, Zhao X, Wang L, Zhou Y, Chen M, Ge Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Zhang J. TiO2 Nanoparticle Exposure Decreases Spermatogenesis via Biochemical Dysfunctions in the Testis of Male Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7084-92. [PMID: 26145168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have been demonstrated to suppress spermatogenesis in animals, while there is little data related to the biochemical dysfunctions during spermatogenesis due to exposure to TiO2 NPs. In this study, male mice have been exposed to TiO2 NPs via intragastric administration for 60 consecutive days. The findings showed that TiO2 NP exposure resulted in lesions of testis and epididymis, deductions in sperm concentration and sperm motility, and an increase of the number of abnormal sperm in mice. Furthermore, TiO2 NP exposure with 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kgbw decreased activities of lactate dehydrogenase (-11.59% to -39.84%), sorbitol dehydrogenase (-23.56% to -57.33%), succinate dehydrogenase (-27.04% to -57.85%), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (-28.3% to -56.42%), Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (-15.59% to -53.11%), Ca(2+)-ATPase (-12.44% to -55.41%), and Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-ATPase (-28.25% to -65.72%), and elevated activities of acid phosphatase (+10.48% to +40.0%), alkaline phosphatase (+20.65% to +64.07%), and total nitric oxide synthase (+0.68- to +2.3-fold) in the testes of mice, respectively. In addition, TiO2 NP exposure caused excessive production of reactive oxygen species (+16.15% to +110.62%), and increased malondialdehyde of lipid peroxidation product (+38.96% to +118.07%), carbonyl of protein oxidative product (+20.98% to +108.1%), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine of DNA oxidative product (+0.9- to +1.83-fold) in the testes, respectively. It implied that spermatogenesis suppression caused by TiO2 NP exposure may be associated with alterations of testicular marked enzymes and oxidative stress in the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenhui Si
- ⊥Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- #Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- ▽Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ling Wang
- ¶Library of Soochow University, Suzhou, China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianhao Zhang
- ⊥Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Kansara K, Patel P, Shah D, Shukla RK, Singh S, Kumar A, Dhawan A. TiO2 nanoparticles induce DNA double strand breaks and cell cycle arrest in human alveolar cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:204-17. [PMID: 25524809 DOI: 10.1002/em.21925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have the second highest global annual production (∼3000 tons) among the metal-containing NPs. These NPs are used as photocatalysts for bacterial disinfection, and in various other consumer products including sunscreen, food packaging, therapeutics, biosensors, surface cleaning agents, and others. Humans are exposed to these NPs during synthesis (laboratory), manufacture (industry), and use (consumer products, devices, medicines, etc.), as well as through environmental exposures (disposal). Hence, there is great concern regarding the health effects caused by exposure to NPs and, in particular, to TiO2 NPs. In the present study, the genotoxic potential of TiO2 NPs in A549 cells was examined, focusing on their potential to induce ROS, different types of DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest. We show that TiO2 NPs can induce DNA damage and a corresponding increase in micronucleus frequency, as evident from the comet and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays. We demonstrate that DNA damage may be attributed to increased oxidative stress and ROS generation. Furthermore, genomic and proteomic analyses showed increased expression of ATM, P53, and CdC-2 and decreased expression of ATR, H2AX, and Cyclin B1 in A549 cells, suggesting induction of DNA double strand breaks. The occurrence of double strand breaks was correlated with cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Overall, the results indicate the potential for genotoxicity following exposure to these TiO2 NPs, suggesting that use should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa Kansara
- Institute of Life Sciences, Ahmedabad University, University Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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44
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Medina-Reyes EI, Bucio-López L, Freyre-Fonseca V, Sánchez-Pérez Y, García-Cuéllar CM, Morales-Bárcenas R, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Chirino YI. Cell cycle synchronization reveals greater G2/M-phase accumulation of lung epithelial cells exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3976-3982. [PMID: 25422119 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide has been classified in the 2B group as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and amid concerns of its exposure, cell cycle alterations are an important one. However, several studies show inconclusive effects, mainly because it is difficult to compare cell cycle effects caused by TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) exposure between different shapes and sizes of NP, cell culture types, and time of exposure. In addition, cell cycle is frequently analyzed without cell cycle synchronization, which may also mask some effects. We hypothesized that synchronization after TiO2 NP exposure could reveal dissimilar cell cycle progression when compared with unsynchronized cell population. To test our hypothesis, we exposed lung epithelial cells to 1 and 10 μg/cm(2) TiO2 NPs for 7 days and one population was synchronized by serum starvation and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase using hydroxyurea. Another cell population was exposed to TiO2 NPs under the same experimental conditions, but after treatments, cell cycle was analyzed without synchronization. Our results showed that TiO2 NP-exposed cells without synchronization had no changes in cell cycle distribution; however, cell population synchronized after 1 and 10 μg/cm(2) TiO2 NP treatment showed a 1.5-fold and 1.66-fold increase, respectively, in proliferation. Synchronized cells also reveal a faster capability of TiO2 NP-exposed cells to increase cell population in the G2/M phase in the following 9 h after synchronization. We conclude that synchronization discloses a greater percentage of cells in the G2/M phase and higher proliferation than TiO2 NP-synchronized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany I Medina-Reyes
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059, Estado de México, México
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45
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Yang L, Kuang H, Zhang W, Aguilar ZP, Xiong Y, Lai W, Xu H, Wei H. Size dependent biodistribution and toxicokinetics of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles in mice. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:625-636. [PMID: 25423473 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05061d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the immense benefits from iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IOMNs), there is scanty information regarding their metabolic activities and toxicity in vivo. In this study, we investigated the size dependent in vivo biodistribution, toxicokinetics, and toxicity and gene expression changes of various sizes of carboxyl coated IOMNs (diameters of 10, 20, 30, and 40 nm). Our findings demonstrated that the various sizes of IOMNs accumulated primarily in the liver and spleen on the first day post-injection. Interestingly, size dependent biodistribution and transport were observed: the smallest IOMNs (10 nm) showed the highest uptake by the liver, whereas the largest IOMNs (40 nm) showed the highest uptake by the spleen. Moreover, the IOMNs with the smallest size (10 nm) were cleared faster from the liver and kidneys, but more readily entered the brain and the uterus. IOMNs with the largest size (40 nm) accumulated more readily but were easily eliminated in the spleen. However, the level of iron in the heart decreased in all IOMN exposed groups. In addition, blood biochemistry, hematological analyses and histological examination demonstrated that there was no apparent acute toxicity caused by IOMNs in mice. However, smaller IOMNs (10 nm and 20 nm) more effectively changed the expression level of sensitive genes related to oxidant stress, iron transport, metabolic process, apoptosis, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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46
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Medina-Reyes EI, Déciga-Alcaraz A, Freyre-Fonseca V, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Flores-Flores JO, Gutiérrez-López GF, Sánchez-Pérez Y, García-Cuéllar CM, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Chirino YI. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce an adaptive inflammatory response and invasion and proliferation of lung epithelial cells in chorioallantoic membrane. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:424-434. [PMID: 25460664 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) studies have been performed using relatively high NPs concentration under acute exposure and limited studies have compared shape effects. We hypothesized that midterm exposure to low TiO2 NPs concentration in lung epithelial cells induces carcinogenic characteristics modulated partially by NPs shape. To test our hypothesis we synthesized NPs shaped as belts (TiO2-B) using TiO2 spheres (TiO2-SP) purchased from Sigma Aldrich Co. Then, lung epithelial A549 cells were low-exposed (10 µg/cm(2)) to both shapes during 7 days and internalization, cytokine release and invasive potential were determined. Results showed greater TiO2-B effect on agglomerates size, cell size and granularity than TiO2-SP. Agglomerates size in cell culture medium was 310 nm and 454 nm for TiO2-SP and TiO2-B, respectively; TiO2-SP and TiO2-B induced 23% and 70% cell size decrease, respectively, whilst TiO2-SP and TiO2-B induced 7 and 14-fold of granularity increase. NOx production was down-regulated (31%) by TiO2-SP and up-regulated (70%) by TiO2-B. Both NPs induced a transient cytokine release (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) after 4 days, but cytokines returned to basal levels in TiO2-SP exposed cells while TiO2-B induced a down-regulation after 7 days. Midterm exposure to both shapes of NPs induced capability to degrade cellular extracellular matrix components from chorioallantoic membrane and Ki-67 marker showed that TiO2-B had higher proliferative potential than TiO2-SP. We conclude that midterm exposure to low NPs concentration of NPs has an impact in the acquisition of new characteristics of exposed cells and NPs shape influences cellular outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany I Medina-Reyes
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Déciga-Alcaraz
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Verónica Freyre-Fonseca
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059 Estado de México, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias en Alimentos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CP 11340 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Norma L Delgado-Buenrostro
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José O Flores-Flores
- Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria AP 70-186, CP 04510 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Gustavo F Gutiérrez-López
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CP 11340 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, San Fernando 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Claudia M García-Cuéllar
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, San Fernando 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080 México, DF, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratorio 209, Edificio F, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 54059 Estado de México, Mexico.
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Su M, Sheng L, Zhao X, Wang L, Yu X, Hong J, Xu B, Liu D, Jiang H, Ze X, Zhu Y, Long Y, Zhou J, Cui J, Li K, Ze Y, Hong F. Involvement of neurotrophins and related signaling genes in TiO2 nanoparticle – induced inflammation in the hippocampus of mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00106k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been widely used in industry and daily life; their potential neurotoxic effects are of great concern.
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48
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Smolkova B, El Yamani N, Collins AR, Gutleb AC, Dusinska M. Nanoparticles in food. Epigenetic changes induced by nanomaterials and possible impact on health. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 77:64-73. [PMID: 25554528 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed epigenetic mechanisms, which developmentally regulate gene expression via modifications to DNA, histone proteins, and chromatin, have been hypothesized to play a key role in many human diseases. Recently it was shown that engineered nanoparticles (NPs), that already have a wide range of applications in various fields including food production, could dramatically affect epigenetic processes, while their ability to induce diseases remains poorly understood. Besides the obvious benefits of the new technologies, it is critical to assess their health effects before proceeding with industrial production. In this article, after surveying the applications of NPs in food technology, we review recent advances in the understanding of epigenetic pathological effects of NPs, and discuss their possible health impact with the aim of avoiding potential health risks posed by the use of nanomaterials in foods and food-packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Smolkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry (MILK), NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway; Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry (MILK), NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway.
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Moreno-Horn M, Gebel T. Granular biodurable nanomaterials: No convincing evidence for systemic toxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44:849-75. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.938802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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Yu X, Zhao X, Ze Y, Wang L, Liu D, Hong J, Xu B, Lin A, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Li B, Hong F. Changes of serum parameters of TiO₂ nanoparticle-induced atherosclerosis in mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 280:364-71. [PMID: 25179109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of toxicological effects of nanoparticulate matter is increasingly important due to their growing occupational use and presence as compounds in consumer products. Numerous studies have shown that exposure to nanosized particles lead to systemic inflammation in experimental animals, but whether long-term exposure to nanosized particles induces atherogenesis is rarely evaluated. In the current study, mice were continuously exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) at 1.25, 2.5, or 5mg/kg body weight, administered by nasal instillation for nine consecutive months, and the association between serum parameter changes and atherosclerosis in mice were investigated. The present findings suggested that chronic exposure to TiO2 NPs resulted in atherogenesis coupling with pulmonary inflammation, increased levels of serum triglycerides, glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, advanced glycation end products, reactive oxygen species, NAD(P)H oxidases 4, C-reaction protein, E-selectin, endothelin-1, tissue factor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and reduced levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, nitric oxide and tissue plasminogen activator. Our study suggests an association of long-term exposure to TiO2 NPs with atherosclerosis and pulmonary inflammation. This finding demonstrates the hypothesized role of TiO2 NPs as a risk factor for atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuguan Ze
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Library of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bingqing Xu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Anan Lin
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Fashui Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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