1
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Xu S, Shao S, Feng X, Li S, Zhang L, Wu W, Liu M, Tracy ME, Zhong C, Guo Z, Wu CI, Shi S, He Z. Adaptation in Unstable Environments and Global Gene Losses: Small but Stable Gene Networks by the May-Wigner Theory. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae059. [PMID: 38507653 PMCID: PMC10991078 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Although gene loss is common in evolution, it remains unclear whether it is an adaptive process. In a survey of seven major mangrove clades that are woody plants in the intertidal zones of daily environmental perturbations, we noticed that they generally evolved reduced gene numbers. We then focused on the largest clade of Rhizophoreae and observed the continual gene set reduction in each of the eight species. A great majority of gene losses are concentrated on environmental interaction processes, presumably to cope with the constant fluctuations in the tidal environments. Genes of the general processes for woody plants are largely retained. In particular, fewer gene losses are found in physiological traits such as viviparous seeds, high salinity, and high tannin content. Given the broad and continual genome reductions, we propose the May-Wigner theory (MWT) of system stability as a possible mechanism. In MWT, the most effective solution for buffering continual perturbations is to reduce the size of the system (or to weaken the total genic interactions). Mangroves are unique as immovable inhabitants of the compound environments in the land-sea interface, where environmental gradients (such as salinity) fluctuate constantly, often drastically. Extending MWT to gene regulatory network (GRN), computer simulations and transcriptome analyses support the stabilizing effects of smaller gene sets in mangroves vis-à-vis inland plants. In summary, we show the adaptive significance of gene losses in mangrove plants, including the specific role of promoting phenotype innovation and a general role in stabilizing GRN in unstable environments as predicted by MWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shao Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miles E Tracy
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cairong Zhong
- Institute of Wetland Research, Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, China
| | - Zixiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chung-I Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwen He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Zhang Z, Luo X, Friess DA, Wang S, Li Y, Li Y. Stronger increases but greater variability in global mangrove productivity compared to that of adjacent terrestrial forests. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:239-250. [PMID: 38172286 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mangrove forests are a highly productive ecosystem with important potential to offset anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Mangroves are expected to respond differently to climate change compared to terrestrial forests owing to their location in the tidal environment and unique ecophysiological characteristics, but the magnitude of difference remains uncertain at the global scale. Here we use satellite observations to examine mean trends and interannual variability in the productivity of global mangrove forests and nearby terrestrial evergreen broadleaf forests from 2001 to 2020. Although both types of ecosystem experienced significant recent increases in productivity, mangroves exhibited a stronger increasing trend and greater interannual variability in productivity than evergreen broadleaf forests on three-quarters of their co-occurring coasts. The difference in productivity trends is attributed to the stronger CO2 fertilization effect on mangrove photosynthesis, while the discrepancy in interannual variability is attributed to the higher sensitivities to variations in precipitation and sea level. Our results indicate that mangroves will have a faster increase in productivity than terrestrial forests in a CO2-rich future but may suffer more from deficits in water availability, highlighting a key difference between terrestrial and tidal ecosystems in their responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiangzhong Luo
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Center for Nature-Based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Daniel A Friess
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Songhan Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yangfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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3
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Ding J, McDowell N, Fang Y, Ward N, Kirwan ML, Regier P, Megonigal P, Zhang P, Zhang H, Wang W, Li W, Pennington SC, Wilson SJ, Stearns A, Bailey V. Modeling the mechanisms of conifer mortality under seawater exposure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37376720 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Relative sea level rise (SLR) increasingly impacts coastal ecosystems through the formation of ghost forests. To predict the future of coastal ecosystems under SLR and changing climate, it is important to understand the physiological mechanisms underlying coastal tree mortality and to integrate this knowledge into dynamic vegetation models. We incorporate the physiological effect of salinity and hypoxia in a dynamic vegetation model in the Earth system land model, and used the model to investigate the mechanisms of mortality of conifer forests on the west and east coast sites of USA, where trees experience different form of sea water exposure. Simulations suggest similar physiological mechanisms can result in different mortality patterns. At the east coast site that experienced severe increases in seawater exposure, trees loose photosynthetic capacity and roots rapidly, and both storage carbon and hydraulic conductance decrease significantly within a year. Over time, further consumption of storage carbon that leads to carbon starvation dominates mortality. At the west coast site that gradually exposed to seawater through SLR, hydraulic failure dominates mortality because root loss impacts on conductance are greater than the degree of storage carbon depletion. Measurements and modeling focused on understanding the physiological mechanisms of mortality is critical to reducing predictive uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Ding
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Nate McDowell
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Yilin Fang
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Nicholas Ward
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, WA, 98382, USA
| | - Matthew L Kirwan
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA
| | - Peter Regier
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, WA, 98382, USA
| | - Patrick Megonigal
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Peipei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Stephanie C Pennington
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | | | - Alice Stearns
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Vanessa Bailey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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4
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McDowell NG, Ball M, Bond‐Lamberty B, Kirwan ML, Krauss KW, Megonigal JP, Mencuccini M, Ward ND, Weintraub MN, Bailey V. Processes and mechanisms of coastal woody-plant mortality. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5881-5900. [PMID: 35689431 PMCID: PMC9544010 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Observations of woody plant mortality in coastal ecosystems are globally widespread, but the overarching processes and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This knowledge deficiency, combined with rapidly changing water levels, storm surges, atmospheric CO2 , and vapor pressure deficit, creates large predictive uncertainty regarding how coastal ecosystems will respond to global change. Here, we synthesize the literature on the mechanisms that underlie coastal woody-plant mortality, with the goal of producing a testable hypothesis framework. The key emergent mechanisms underlying mortality include hypoxic, osmotic, and ionic-driven reductions in whole-plant hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis that ultimately drive the coupled processes of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation. The relative importance of these processes in driving mortality, their order of progression, and their degree of coupling depends on the characteristics of the anomalous water exposure, on topographic effects, and on taxa-specific variation in traits and trait acclimation. Greater inundation exposure could accelerate mortality globally; however, the interaction of changing inundation exposure with elevated CO2 , drought, and rising vapor pressure deficit could influence mortality likelihood. Models of coastal forests that incorporate the frequency and duration of inundation, the role of climatic drivers, and the processes of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation can yield improved estimates of inundation-induced woody-plant mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate G. McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change DivisionPacific Northwest National LabRichlandWashingtonUSA
- School of Biological SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Marilyn Ball
- Plant Science Division, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Ben Bond‐Lamberty
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Matthew L. Kirwan
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & MaryGloucester PointVirginiaUSA
| | - Ken W. Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research CenterLafayetteLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23BarcelonaSpain
- CREAFCampus UAB, BellaterraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nicholas D. Ward
- Marine and Coastal Research LaboratoryPacific Northwest National LaboratorySequimWashingtonUSA
- School of OceanographyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Michael N. Weintraub
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
- Biological Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryWashingtonUSA
| | - Vanessa Bailey
- Biological Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryWashingtonUSA
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5
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Li W, McDowell NG, Zhang H, Wang W, Mackay DS, Leff R, Zhang P, Ward ND, Norwood M, Yabusaki S, Myers-Pigg AN, Pennington SC, Pivovaroff AL, Waichler S, Xu C, Bond-Lamberty B, Bailey VL. The influence of increasing atmospheric CO 2 , temperature, and vapor pressure deficit on seawater-induced tree mortality. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1767-1779. [PMID: 35644021 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing seawater exposure is killing coastal trees globally, with expectations of accelerating mortality with rising sea levels. However, the impact of concomitant changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on seawater-induced tree mortality is uncertain. We examined the mechanisms of seawater-induced mortality under varying climate scenarios using a photosynthetic gain and hydraulic cost optimization model validated against observations in a mature stand of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) trees in the Pacific Northwest, USA, that were dying from recent seawater exposure. The simulations matched well with observations of photosynthesis, transpiration, nonstructural carbohydrates concentrations, leaf water potential, the percentage loss of xylem conductivity, and stand-level mortality rates. The simulations suggest that seawater-induced mortality could decrease by c. 16.7% with increasing atmospheric CO2 levels due to reduced risk of carbon starvation. Conversely, rising VPD could increase mortality by c. 5.6% because of increasing risk of hydraulic failure. Across all scenarios, seawater-induced mortality was driven by hydraulic failure in the first 2 yr after seawater exposure began, with carbon starvation becoming more important in subsequent years. Changing CO2 and climate appear unlikely to have a significant impact on coastal tree mortality under rising sea levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - D Scott Mackay
- Department of Geography and Department of Environment & Sustainability, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14261, USA
| | - Riley Leff
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration, Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration, Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Nicholas D Ward
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, WA, 98382, USA
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Matt Norwood
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, WA, 98382, USA
| | - Steve Yabusaki
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Allison N Myers-Pigg
- Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, WA, 98382, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Stephanie C Pennington
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Alexandria L Pivovaroff
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Scott Waichler
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Chonggang Xu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Vanessa L Bailey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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6
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Lu Y, Zhang B, Li L, Zeng F, Li X. Negative effects of long-term exposure to salinity, drought, and combined stresses on halophyte Halogeton glomeratus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:2307-2322. [PMID: 34625966 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are subjected to salt and drought stresses concurrently but our knowledge about the effects of combined stress on plants is limited, especially on halophytes. We aim to study if some diverse drought and salt tolerance traits in halophyte may explain their tolerance to salinity and drought stresses, individual and in combination, and identify key traits that influence growth under such stress conditions. Here, the halophyte Halogeton glomeratus was grown under control, single or combinations of 60 days drought and salt treatments, and morphophysiological responses were tested. Our results showed that drought, salinity, and combination of these two stressors decreased plant growth (shoot height, root length, and biomass), leaf photosynthetic pigments content (chlorophyll a, b, a + b and carotenoids), gas exchange parameters (Net photosynthesis rate [PN ], transpiration rate [E], stomatal conductance [gs ]), and water potential (ψw ), and the decreases were more prominent under combined drought and salinity treatment compared with these two stressors individually performed. Similarly, combined drought and salinity treatment induced more severe oxidative stress as indicated by more hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated. Nevertheless, H. glomeratus is equipped with specific mechanisms to protect itself against drought and salt stresses, including upregulation of superoxide dismutases (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activities and accumulation of osmoprotectants (Na+ , Cl- , and soluble sugar). Our results indicated that photosynthetic pigments content, gas exchange parameters, water potential, APX activity, CAT activity, soluble sugar, H2 O2 , and MDA are valuable screening criteria for drought and salt, alone or combined, and provide the tolerant assessment of H. glomeratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
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7
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Zhang H, Li X, Wang W, Pivovaroff AL, Li W, Zhang P, Ward ND, Myers-Pigg A, Adams HD, Leff R, Wang A, Yuan F, Wu J, Yabusaki S, Waichler S, Bailey VL, Guan D, McDowell NG. Seawater exposure causes hydraulic damage in dying Sitka-spruce trees. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:873-885. [PMID: 34608959 PMCID: PMC8981213 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sea-level rise is one of the most critical challenges facing coastal ecosystems under climate change. Observations of elevated tree mortality in global coastal forests are increasing, but important knowledge gaps persist concerning the mechanism of salinity stress-induced nonhalophytic tree mortality. We monitored progressive mortality and associated gas exchange and hydraulic shifts in Sitka-spruce (Picea sitchensis) trees located within a salinity gradient under an ecosystem-scale change of seawater exposure in Washington State, USA. Percentage of live foliated crown (PLFC) decreased and tree mortality increased with increasing soil salinity during the study period. A strong reduction in gas exchange and xylem hydraulic conductivity (Ks) occurred during tree death, with an increase in the percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) and turgor loss point (πtlp). Hydraulic and osmotic shifts reflected that hydraulic function declined from seawater exposure, and dying trees were unable to support osmotic adjustment. Constrained gas exchange was strongly related to hydraulic damage at both stem and leaf levels. Significant correlations between foliar sodium (Na+) concentration and gas exchange and key hydraulic parameters (Ks, PLC, and πtlp) suggest that cellular injury related to the toxic effects of ion accumulation impacted the physiology of these dying trees. This study provides evidence of toxic effects on the cellular function that manifests in all aspects of plant functioning, leading to unfavourable osmotic and hydraulic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of
Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000,
China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Xinrong Li
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of
Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000,
China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute
of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu
610041, China
| | - Alexandria L. Pivovaroff
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Weibin Li
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of
Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University,
Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Ward
- Marine Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle,
Washington 98195, USA
| | - Allison Myers-Pigg
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of
Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University,
Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Henry D. Adams
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman,
Washington 99164-2812, USA
| | - Riley Leff
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Anzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fenghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Steve Yabusaki
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,
Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Scott Waichler
- Earth Systems Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,
Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Vanessa L. Bailey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - Dexin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nate G. McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University,
Pullman, Washington 99164-4236, USA
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8
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Sinsin CBL, Salako KV, Fandohan AB, Zanvo MGS, Kouassi KE, Glèlè Kakaï RL. Pattern of seedling emergence and early growth in
Avicennia germinans
and
Rhizophora racemosa
along an experimental salinity gradient. Afr J Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corine Bitossessi Laurenda Sinsin
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey‐Calavi Cotonou République du Bénin
- Centre d’Excellence Africain sur les Changements Climatiques, la Biodiversité et l’Agriculture Durable Université Félix Houphouët‐Boigny Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Kolawolé Valère Salako
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey‐Calavi Cotonou République du Bénin
| | - Adandé Belarmain Fandohan
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey‐Calavi Cotonou République du Bénin
- Unité de Recherche en Foresterie et Conservation des BioRessources Ecole de Foresterie Tropicale Université Nationale d’Agriculture Kétou République du Bénin
| | - Mahoutin Gildas Serge Zanvo
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey‐Calavi Cotonou République du Bénin
| | | | - Romain Lucas Glèlè Kakaï
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey‐Calavi Cotonou République du Bénin
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Devaney JL, Marone D, McElwain JC. Impact of soil salinity on mangrove restoration in a semiarid region: a case study from the Saloum Delta, Senegal. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John L. Devaney
- Botany Department, Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater MD USA
| | - Diatta Marone
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Centre de recherche agricole de Saint‐Louis BP 240, Saint‐Louis Senegal
| | - Jennifer C. McElwain
- Botany Department, Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
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10
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Jing X, Yao J, Ma X, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Xiang M, Hou P, Li N, Zhao R, Li J, Zhou X, Chen S. Kandelia candel Thioredoxin f Confers Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3335. [PMID: 32397215 PMCID: PMC7247566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Water deficit caused by osmotic stress and drought limits crop yield and tree growth worldwide. Screening and identifying candidate genes from stress-resistant species are a genetic engineering strategy to increase drought resistance. In this study, an increased concentration of mannitol resulted in elevated expression of thioredoxin f (KcTrxf) in the nonsecretor mangrove species Kandelia candel. By means of amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analysis, the mangrove Trx was classified as an f-type thioredoxin. Subcellular localization showed that KcTrxf localizes to chloroplasts. Enzymatic activity characterization revealed that KcTrxf recombinant protein possesses the disulfide reductase function. KcTrxf overexpression contributes to osmotic and drought tolerance in tobacco in terms of fresh weight, root length, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. KcTrxf was shown to reduce the stomatal aperture by enhancing K+ efflux in guard cells, which increased the water-retaining capacity in leaves under drought conditions. Notably, the abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity was increased in KcTrxf-transgenic tobacco, which benefits plants exposed to drought by reducing water loss by promoting stomatal closure. KcTrxf-transgenic plants limited drought-induced H2O2 in leaves, which could reduce lipid peroxidation and retain the membrane integrity. Additionally, glutathione (GSH) contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and transgenic plants are more efficient at regenerating GSH from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) under conditions of drought stress. Notably, KcTrxf-transgenic plants had increased glucose and fructose contents under drought stress conditions, presumably resulting from KcTrxf-promoted starch degradation under water stress. We conclude that KcTrxf contributes to drought tolerance by increasing the water status, by enhancing osmotic adjustment, and by maintaining ROS homeostasis in transgene plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Jing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (R.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
- Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (R.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xujun Ma
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (R.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yuanling Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (R.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Min Xiang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (M.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Peichen Hou
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Niya Li
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (M.X.); (N.L.)
| | - Rui Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (R.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jinke Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (R.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (R.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.J.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (R.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.)
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11
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Pérez-Romero JA, Barcia-Piedras JM, Redondo-Gómez S, Mateos-Naranjo E. Sarcocornia fruticosa photosynthetic response to short-term extreme temperature events in combination with optimal and sub-optimal salinity concentrations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 148:45-52. [PMID: 31931392 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change would increase frequency and intensity of extreme events as heat and cold waves. There is a lack of studies that consider the co-occurrence of these waves with other abiotic factors relevant on a climate change scenario as salinity. Therefore, it could be interesting to improve our knowledge about the effects that this co-occurrence could have in different species due to the species specific effect of the photosynthesis tolerance to extreme temperatures. A controlled condition experiment was performed using the salt marsh species Sarcocornia perrnis with eight experimental blocks combining temperature ranges (40-28/22-15/13-5 °C) and salinity concentration on the growth solution (171/1050 mM NaCl). After 3 days of treatment, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, pigment profile and water state measurement were applied. Photosynthetic machinery function of this perennial species decreased on for both high and low temperature range. Nevertheless, at 13-5 °C the effect of the salinity was mainly due to diffusion limitations more than to damage on the photosystems. At 40-28 °C, in presence of optimal salinity S. fruticosa was not altered overall. However, high temperatures in combination with high salinity reduced the photosynthetic capacity mainly by reducing the efficiency of the electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alberto Pérez-Romero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Jose María Barcia-Piedras
- Department of Ecological Production and Natural Resources Center IFAPA Las Torres-Tomejil Road Sevilla - Cazalla Km 12'2, 41200, Alcalá Del Río, Seville, Spain
| | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Cueva A, Bullock SH, López-Reyes E, Vargas R. Potential bias of daily soil CO 2 efflux estimates due to sampling time. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11925. [PMID: 28931840 PMCID: PMC5607316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil respiration (Rs) has been usually measured during daylight hours using manual chambers. This approach assumes that measurements made during a typical time interval (e.g., 9 to 11 am) represent the mean daily value; locally, this may not always be correct and could result in systematic bias of daily and annual Rs budgets. We propose a simple method, based on the temporal stability concept, to determine the most appropriate time of the day for manual measurements to capture a representative mean daily Rs value. We introduce a correction factor to adjust for biases due to non-optimally timed sampling. This approach was tested in a semiarid shrubland using 24 hr campaigns using two treatments: trenched plots and plots with shrubs. In general, we found optimum times were at night and potential biases ranged from -29 to + 40% in relation to the 24 hr mean of Rs, especially in trenched plots. The degree of bias varied between treatments and seasons, having a greater influence during the wet season when efflux was high than during the dry season when efflux was low. This study proposes a framework for improving local Rs estimates that informs how to decrease temporal uncertainties in upscaling to the annual total.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cueva
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, B.C., Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico.
| | - Stephen H Bullock
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, B.C., Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico
| | - Eulogio López-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, B.C., Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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13
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Lovelock CE, Feller IC, Reef R, Hickey S, Ball MC. Mangrove dieback during fluctuating sea levels. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1680. [PMID: 28490782 PMCID: PMC5431776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that climate change and intensification of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has increased variation in sea level. Although widespread impacts on intertidal ecosystems are anticipated to arise from the sea level seesaw associated with climate change, none have yet been demonstrated. Intertidal ecosystems, including mangrove forests are among those ecosystems that are highly vulnerable to sea level rise, but they may also be vulnerable to sea level variability and extreme low sea level events. During 16 years of monitoring of a mangrove forest in Mangrove Bay in north Western Australia, we documented two forest dieback events, the most recent one being coincident with the large-scale dieback of mangroves in the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia. Diebacks in Mangrove Bay were coincident with periods of very low sea level, which were associated with increased soil salinization of 20-30% above pre-event levels, leading to canopy loss, reduced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and reduced recruitment. Our study indicates that an intensification of ENSO will have negative effects on some mangrove forests in parts of the Indo-Pacific that will exacerbate other pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Lovelock
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Ilka C Feller
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, 21037, USA
| | - Ruth Reef
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Sharyn Hickey
- School of Earth and Environment Sciences, Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Marilyn C Ball
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
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