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Pastierovič F, Mogilicherla K, Hradecký J, Kalyniukova A, Dvořák O, Roy A, Tomášková I. Genome-Wide Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Unveiling the Defence Mechanisms of Populus tremula against Sucking and Chewing Insect Herbivores. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6124. [PMID: 38892311 PMCID: PMC11172939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants and insects coevolved as an evolutionarily successful and enduring association. The molecular arms race led to evolutionary novelties regarding unique mechanisms of defence and detoxification in plants and insects. While insects adopt mechanisms to conquer host defence, trees develop well-orchestrated and species-specific defence strategies against insect herbivory. However, current knowledge on the molecular underpinnings of fine-tuned tree defence responses against different herbivore insects is still restricted. In the current study, using a multi-omics approach, we unveiled the defence response of Populus tremula against aphids (Chaitophorus populialbae) and spongy moths (Lymantria dispar) herbivory. Comparative differential gene expression (DGE) analyses revealed that around 272 and 1203 transcripts were differentially regulated in P. tremula after moth and aphid herbivory compared to uninfested controls. Interestingly, 5716 transcripts were differentially regulated in P. tremula between aphids and moth infestation. Further investigation showed that defence-related stress hormones and their lipid precursors, transcription factors, and signalling molecules were over-expressed, whereas the growth-related counterparts were suppressed in P. tremula after aphid and moth herbivory. Metabolomics analysis documented that around 37% of all significantly abundant metabolites were associated with biochemical pathways related to tree growth and defence. However, the metabolic profiles of aphid and moth-fed trees were quite distinct, indicating species-specific response optimization. After identifying the suitable reference genes in P. tremula, the omics data were further validated using RT-qPCR. Nevertheless, our findings documented species-specific fine-tuning of the defence response of P. tremula, showing conservation on resource allocation for defence overgrowth under aphid and moth herbivory. Such findings can be exploited to enhance our current understanding of molecular orchestration of tree responses against herbivory and aid in developing insect pest resistance P. tremula varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Pastierovič
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Jaromír Hradecký
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Alina Kalyniukova
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Ondřej Dvořák
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Amit Roy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Ivana Tomášková
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic; (F.P.); (K.M.); (J.H.); (A.K.); (O.D.); (A.R.)
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Molina A, Jordá L, Torres MÁ, Martín-Dacal M, Berlanga DJ, Fernández-Calvo P, Gómez-Rubio E, Martín-Santamaría S. Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance: Current understanding and future perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:699-724. [PMID: 38594902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their function as structural barriers, plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental conditions. Cell walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental cues. These wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress perception. Plant cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection, wounding, or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules, such as carbohydrates (glycans), that function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance. Similarly, glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI responses. The number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent years. However, the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain limited. Currently, this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family, which are involved in the perception of various molecules, such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (i.e., Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza, respectively) that trigger differential physiological responses. Nevertheless, additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide recognition. These include receptor kinases (RKs) with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs (LRR-MAL RKs), Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group (CrRLK1L) with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs, as well as wall-associated kinases, lectin-RKs, and LRR-extensins. The characterization of structural basis of glycans recognition by these new plant receptors will shed light on their similarities with those of mammalians involved in glycan perception. The gained knowledge holds the potential to facilitate the development of sustainable, glycan-based crop protection solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martín-Dacal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Rubio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Kumari M, Yagnik KN, Gupta V, Singh IK, Gupta R, Verma PK, Singh A. Metabolomics-driven investigation of plant defense response against pest and pathogen attack. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14270. [PMID: 38566280 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of metabolomics has assisted in the identification of various bewildering characteristics of the biological system. Metabolomics is a standard approach, facilitating crucial aspects of system biology with absolute quantification of metabolites using minimum samples, based on liquid/gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The metabolome profiling has narrowed the wide gaps of missing information and has enhanced the understanding of a wide spectrum of plant-environment interactions by highlighting the complex pathways regulating biochemical reactions and cellular physiology under a particular set of conditions. This high throughput technique also plays a prominent role in combined analyses of plant metabolomics and other omics datasets. Plant metabolomics has opened a wide paradigm of opportunities for developing stress-tolerant plants, ensuring better food quality and quantity. However, despite advantageous methods and databases, the technique has a few limitations, such as ineffective 3D capturing of metabolites, low comprehensiveness, and lack of cell-based sampling. In the future, an expansion of plant-pathogen and plant-pest response towards the metabolite architecture is necessary to understand the intricacies of plant defence against invaders, elucidation of metabolic pathway operational during defence and developing a direct correlation between metabolites and biotic stresses. Our aim is to provide an overview of metabolomics and its utilities for the identification of biomarkers or key metabolites associated with biotic stress, devising improved diagnostic methods to efficiently assess pest and pathogen attack and generating improved crop varieties with the help of combined application of analytical and molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kumari
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kalpesh Nath Yagnik
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Gupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Praveen K Verma
- Plant-Immunity Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institution of Eminence, Maharishi Karnad Bhawan, University of Delhi, India
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Archer L, Mondal HA, Behera S, Twayana M, Patel M, Louis J, Nalam VJ, Keereetaweep J, Chowdhury Z, Shah J. Interplay between MYZUS PERSICAE-INDUCED LIPASE 1 and OPDA signaling in limiting green peach aphid infestation on Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6860-6873. [PMID: 37696760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
MYZUS PERSICAE-INDUCED LIPASE1 (MPL1) encodes a lipase in Arabidopsis thaliana that is required for limiting infestation by the green peach aphid (GPA; Myzus persicae), an important phloem sap-consuming insect pest. Previously, we demonstrated that MPL1 expression was up-regulated in response to GPA infestation, and GPA fecundity was higher on the mpl1 mutant, compared with the wild-type (WT), and lower on 35S:MPL1 plants that constitutively expressed MPL1 from the 35S promoter. Here, we show that the MPL1 promoter is active in the phloem and expression of the MPL1 coding sequence from the phloem-specific SUC2 promoter in mpl1 is sufficient to restore resistance to GPA. The GPA infestation-associated up-regulation of MPL1 requires CYCLOPHILIN 20-3 (CYP20-3), which encodes a 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA)-binding protein that is involved in OPDA signaling, and is required for limiting GPA infestation. OPDA promotes MPL1 expression to limit GPA fecundity, a process that requires CYP20-3 function. These results along with our observation that constitutive expression of MPL1 from the 35S promoter restores resistance to GPA in the cyp20-3 mutant, and MPL1 acts in a feedback loop to limit OPDA levels in GPA-infested plants, suggest that an interplay between MPL1, OPDA, and CYP20-3 contributes to resistance to GPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lani Archer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Hossain A Mondal
- College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences (CPGS-AS, under Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur), Meghalaya 793103, India
| | - Sumita Behera
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Moon Twayana
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Monika Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Vamsi J Nalam
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Zulkarnain Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Jyoti Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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Javed K, Wang Y, Javed H, Wang C, Liu C, Huang Y. Tomato Aphid ( Aphis gossypii) Secreted Saliva Can Enhance Aphid Resistance by Upregulating Signaling Molecules in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12768. [PMID: 37628948 PMCID: PMC10454337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of Aphis gossypii watery saliva on the induction of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plant resistance. To examine the role of A. gossypii saliva, we collected watery saliva from A. gossypii after a 48 h feeding period on an artificial diet. SDS-PAGE resolving gel 12% was used to separate the salivary proteins. Relative expression of gene analysis revealed that the intrusion of A. gossypii saliva dripping onto S. lycopersicum leaves triggered robust defense responses mediated by a signaling molecule, i.e., salicylic acid, while the signaling molecule's jasmonic acid-dependent defense responses were moderately activated. Aphid saliva infiltrated S. lycopersicum leaves slowed the intrinsic rate of population growth of A. gossypii and significantly reduced the number of nymphs produced daily, compared to untreated leaves. During a choice test with untreated S. lycopersicum, aphids showed a repellent response towards saliva-infiltrated S. lycopersicum. Moreover, the (EPG) electrical penetration graph analysis demonstrated that the eating pattern of A. gossypii compared to untreated S. lycopersicum, that had been exposed to saliva was negatively impacted. These results provide compelling evidence for the involvement of salivary components of A. gossypii in inducing resistance against aphids in S. lycopersicum plants. Furthermore, the study underscores the crucial role of watery saliva in the intricate interactions between aphids and plants. The activation of pathways was also part of the defensive response (jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) signaling molecules). The findings of this research deliver valuable insights into the potential of watery aphid saliva as a natural defense mechanism against aphid infestations in S. lycopersicum crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Javed
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shen He District, Shenyang 110866, China; (K.J.)
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Humayun Javed
- Rothamsted Research West Common Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK;
| | - Chen Wang
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shen He District, Shenyang 110866, China; (K.J.)
| | - Chuang Liu
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shen He District, Shenyang 110866, China; (K.J.)
| | - Yuqian Huang
- Plant Protection College, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shen He District, Shenyang 110866, China; (K.J.)
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Morales AE, Soto N, Delgado C, Hernández Y, Carrillo L, Ferrero C, Enríquez GA. Expression of Mn-sod, PAL1, aos1 and HPL genes in soybean plants overexpressing the NmDef02 defensin. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:223-233. [PMID: 37131050 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant defensins are a potential tool in crop improvement programs through biotechnology. Their antifungal action makes them attractive molecules for the production of transgenic plants. Information is currently lacking on what happens to the expression of defense genes in transgenic plants that overexpress a defensin. Here we show the relative expression of four defense-related genes: Mn-sod, PAL1, aos1 and HPL evaluated in two transgenic soybean events (Def1 and Def17) constitutively expressing the NmDef02 defensin gene from Nicotiana megalosiphon. The expression of these defense genes showed a differential profile in the transgenic events, with the increased expression of the aos1 gene and the repression of the Mn-sod gene in both events, when compared to the non-transgenic control. Furthermore, the expression of the PAL1 gene only increased in the Def17 event. The results indicate that although there were some changes in the expression of defense genes in transgenic plants overexpressing the defensin NmDef02; the morphoagronomic parameters evaluated were similar to the non-transgenic control. Understanding the molecular changes that occur in these transgenic plants could be of interest in the short, medium and long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro E Morales
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, C.P. 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Natacha Soto
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, C.P. 10600, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Celia Delgado
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, C.P. 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yuniet Hernández
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, C.P. 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Leonardo Carrillo
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, C.P. 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Camilo Ferrero
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, C.P. 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gil A Enríquez
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, C.P. 10600, Havana, Cuba
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Shih PY, Sugio A, Simon JC. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Host Plant Specificity in Aphids. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 68:431-450. [PMID: 36228134 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are serious pests of agricultural and ornamental plants and important model systems for hemipteran-plant interactions. The long evolutionary history of aphids with their host plants has resulted in a variety of systems that provide insight into the different adaptation strategies of aphids to plants and vice versa. In the past, various plant-aphid interactions have been documented, but lack of functional tools has limited molecular studies on the mechanisms of plant-aphid interactions. Recent technological advances have begun to reveal plant-aphid interactions at the molecular level and to increase our knowledge of the mechanisms of aphid adaptation or specialization to different host plants. In this article, we compile and analyze available information on plant-aphid interactions, discuss the limitations of current knowledge, and argue for new research directions. We advocate for more work that takes advantage of natural systems and recently established molecular techniques to obtain a comprehensive view of plant-aphid interaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Shih
- INRAE (National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment), UMR IGEPP, Le Rheu, France; , ,
| | - Akiko Sugio
- INRAE (National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment), UMR IGEPP, Le Rheu, France; , ,
| | - Jean-Christophe Simon
- INRAE (National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment), UMR IGEPP, Le Rheu, France; , ,
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Ray S, Casteel CL. Effector-mediated plant-virus-vector interactions. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1514-1531. [PMID: 35277714 PMCID: PMC9048964 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hemipterans (such as aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers) are some of the most devastating insect pests due to the numerous plant pathogens they transmit as vectors, which are primarily viral. Over the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in broadening our understanding of plant-virus-vector interactions, yet on the molecular level, viruses and vectors have typically been studied in isolation of each other until recently. From that work, it is clear that both hemipteran vectors and viruses use effectors to manipulate host physiology and successfully colonize a plant and that co-evolutionary dynamics have resulted in effective host immune responses, as well as diverse mechanisms of counterattack by both challengers. In this review, we focus on advances in effector-mediated plant-virus-vector interactions and the underlying mechanisms. We propose that molecular synergisms in vector-virus interactions occur in cases where both the virus and vector benefit from the interaction (mutualism). To support this view, we show that mutualisms are common in virus-vector interactions and that virus and vector effectors target conserved mechanisms of plant immunity, including plant transcription factors, and plant protein degradation pathways. Finally, we outline ways to identify true effector synergisms in the future and propose future research directions concerning the roles effectors play in plant-virus-vector interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayamjit Ray
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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ZHANG YF, ZHOU HY, TANG YL, LUO YM, ZHANG ZY. Hydrogen peroxide regulated salicylic acid– and jasmonic acid–dependent systemic defenses in tomato seedlings. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.54920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Beyer SF, Bel PS, Flors V, Schultheiss H, Conrath U, Langenbach CJG. Disclosure of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid-responsive genes provides a molecular tool for deciphering stress responses in soybean. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20600. [PMID: 34663865 PMCID: PMC8523552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormones orchestrate the physiology of organisms. Measuring the activity of defense hormone-responsive genes can help understanding immune signaling and facilitate breeding for plant health. However, different from model species like Arabidopsis, genes that respond to defense hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) have not been disclosed in the soybean crop. We performed global transcriptome analyses to fill this knowledge gap. Upon exogenous application, endogenous levels of SA and JA increased in leaves. SA predominantly activated genes linked to systemic acquired resistance and defense signaling whereas JA mainly activated wound response-associated genes. In general, SA-responsive genes were activated earlier than those responding to JA. Consistent with the paradigm of biotrophic pathogens predominantly activating SA responses, free SA and here identified most robust SA marker genes GmNIMIN1, GmNIMIN1.2 and GmWRK40 were induced upon inoculation with Phakopsora pachyrhizi, whereas JA marker genes did not respond to infection with the biotrophic fungus. Spodoptera exigua larvae caused a strong accumulation of JA-Ile and JA-specific mRNA transcripts of GmBPI1, GmKTI1 and GmAAT whereas neither free SA nor SA-marker gene transcripts accumulated upon insect feeding. Our study provides molecular tools for monitoring the dynamic accumulation of SA and JA, e.g. in a given stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Beyer
- Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paloma Sánchez Bel
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Department of CAMN, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Victor Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Department of CAMN, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Holger Schultheiss
- Agricultural Center, BASF Plant Science Company GmbH, 67117, Limburgerhof, Germany
| | - Uwe Conrath
- Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Caspar J G Langenbach
- Plant Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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11
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Zamora O, Schulze S, Azoulay-Shemer T, Parik H, Unt J, Brosché M, Schroeder JI, Yarmolinsky D, Kollist H. Jasmonic acid and salicylic acid play minor roles in stomatal regulation by CO 2 , abscisic acid, darkness, vapor pressure deficit and ozone. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:134-150. [PMID: 34289193 PMCID: PMC8842987 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) regulate stomatal closure, preventing pathogen invasion into plants. However, to what extent abscisic acid (ABA), SA and JA interact, and what the roles of SA and JA are in stomatal responses to environmental cues, remains unclear. Here, by using intact plant gas-exchange measurements in JA and SA single and double mutants, we show that stomatal responsiveness to CO2 , light intensity, ABA, high vapor pressure deficit and ozone either did not or, for some stimuli only, very slightly depended upon JA and SA biosynthesis and signaling mutants, including dde2, sid2, coi1, jai1, myc2 and npr1 alleles. Although the stomata in the mutants studied clearly responded to ABA, CO2 , light and ozone, ABA-triggered stomatal closure in npr1-1 was slightly accelerated compared with the wild type. Stomatal reopening after ozone pulses was quicker in the coi1-16 mutant than in the wild type. In intact Arabidopsis plants, spraying with methyl-JA led to only a modest reduction in stomatal conductance 80 min after treatment, whereas ABA and CO2 induced pronounced stomatal closure within minutes. We could not document a reduction of stomatal conductance after spraying with SA. Coronatine-induced stomatal opening was initiated slowly after 1.5-2.0 h, and reached a maximum by 3 h after spraying intact plants. Our results suggest that ABA, CO2 and light are major regulators of rapid guard cell signaling, whereas JA and SA could play only minor roles in the whole-plant stomatal response to environmental cues in Arabidopsis and Solanum lycopersicum (tomato).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Zamora
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Sebastian Schulze
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tamar Azoulay-Shemer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), the Volcani Center, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel, and
| | - Helen Parik
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Jaanika Unt
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
- For correspondence ()
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
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12
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Menna A, Dora S, Sancho-Andrés G, Kashyap A, Meena MK, Sklodowski K, Gasperini D, Coll NS, Sánchez-Rodríguez C. A primary cell wall cellulose-dependent defense mechanism against vascular pathogens revealed by time-resolved dual transcriptomics. BMC Biol 2021; 19:161. [PMID: 34404410 PMCID: PMC8371875 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell walls (CWs) are protein-rich polysaccharide matrices essential for plant growth and environmental acclimation. The CW constitutes the first physical barrier as well as a primary source of nutrients for microbes interacting with plants, such as the vascular pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Fo). Fo colonizes roots, advancing through the plant primary CWs towards the vasculature, where it grows causing devastation in many crops. The pathogenicity of Fo and other vascular microbes relies on their capacity to reach and colonize the xylem. However, little is known about the root-microbe interaction before the pathogen reaches the vasculature and the role of the plant CW during this process. RESULTS Using the pathosystem Arabidopsis-Fo5176, we show dynamic transcriptional changes in both fungus and root during their interaction. One of the earliest plant responses to Fo5176 was the downregulation of primary CW synthesis genes. We observed enhanced resistance to Fo5176 in Arabidopsis mutants impaired in primary CW cellulose synthesis. We confirmed that Arabidopsis roots deposit lignin in response to Fo5176 infection, but we show that lignin-deficient mutants were as susceptible as wildtype plants to Fo5176. Genetic impairment of jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling did not alter Arabidopsis response to Fo5176, whereas impairment of ethylene signaling did increase vasculature colonization by Fo5176. Abolishing ethylene signaling attenuated the observed resistance while maintaining the dwarfism observed in primary CW cellulose-deficient mutants. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides significant insights on the dynamic root-vascular pathogen interaction at the transcriptome level and the vital role of primary CW cellulose during defense response to these pathogens. These findings represent an essential resource for the generation of plant resistance to Fo that can be transferred to other vascular pathosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Menna
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Dora
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Anurag Kashyap
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mukesh Kumar Meena
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Debora Gasperini
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nuria S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Ederli L, Salerno G, Quaglia M. In the tripartite combination Botrytis cinerea-Arabidopsis-Eurydema oleracea, the fungal pathogen alters the plant-insect interaction via jasmonic acid signalling activation and inducible plant-emitted volatiles. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:523-533. [PMID: 33738682 PMCID: PMC8106584 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In ecosystems, plants are continuously challenged by combined stress conditions more than by a single biotic or abiotic factor. Consequently, in recent years studies on plant relationships with multiple stresses have aroused increasing interest. Here, the impact of inoculation with fungal pathogens with different lifestyles on Arabidopsis plants response to the following infestation with the invasive crop pest Eurydema oleracea was investigated. In particular, as fungal pathogens the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea and the biotroph Golovinomyces orontii were used. Plants exposed to B. cinerea, but not to G. orontii, showed reduced herbivore feeding damage. This difference was associated to different hormonal pathways triggered by the pathogens: G. orontii only induced the salicylate-mediated pathway, while B. cinerea stimulated also the jasmonate-dependent signalling, which persisted for a long time providing a long-term defence to further herbivore attack. In particular, the lower susceptibility of B. cinerea-infected Arabidopsis plants to E. oleracea was related to the stimulation of the JA-induced pathway on the production of plant volatile compounds, since treatment with VOCs emitted by B. cinerea inoculated plants inhibited both insect plant choice and feeding damage. These results indicate that necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungi modulate host volatile emission, thus affecting plant response to subsequent insect, thereby increasing the knowledge on tripartite plant-microbe-insect interactions in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ederli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, Perugia, 06121, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Salerno
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, Perugia, 06121, Italy.
| | - Mara Quaglia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, Perugia, 06121, Italy
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14
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Gruner K, Leissing F, Sinitski D, Thieron H, Axstmann C, Baumgarten K, Reinstädler A, Winkler P, Altmann M, Flatley A, Jaouannet M, Zienkiewicz K, Feussner I, Keller H, Coustau C, Falter-Braun P, Feederle R, Bernhagen J, Panstruga R. Chemokine-like MDL proteins modulate flowering time and innate immunity in plants. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100611. [PMID: 33798552 PMCID: PMC8122116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an atypical chemokine implicated in intercellular signaling and innate immunity. MIF orthologs (MIF/D-DT-like proteins, MDLs) are present throughout the plant kingdom, but remain experimentally unexplored in these organisms. Here, we provide an in planta characterization and functional analysis of the three-member gene/protein MDL family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Subcellular localization experiments indicated a nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of MDL1 and MDL2, while MDL3 is localized to peroxisomes. Protein–protein interaction assays revealed the in vivo formation of MDL1, MDL2, and MDL3 homo-oligomers, as well as the formation of MDL1-MDL2 hetero-oligomers. Functionally, Arabidopsismdl mutants exhibited a delayed transition from vegetative to reproductive growth (flowering) under long-day conditions, but not in a short-day environment. In addition, mdl mutants were more resistant to colonization by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. The latter phenotype was compromised by the additional mutation of SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2 (SID2), a gene implicated in the defense-induced biosynthesis of the key signaling molecule salicylic acid. However, the enhanced antibacterial immunity was not associated with any constitutive or pathogen-induced alterations in the levels of characteristic phytohormones or defense-associated metabolites. Interestingly, bacterial infection triggered relocalization and accumulation of MDL1 and MDL2 at the peripheral lobes of leaf epidermal cells. Collectively, our data indicate redundant functionality and a complex interplay between the three chemokine-like Arabidopsis MDL proteins in the regulation of both developmental and immune-related processes. These insights expand the comparative cross-kingdom analysis of MIF/MDL signaling in human and plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Gruner
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franz Leissing
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dzmitry Sinitski
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), LMU University Hospital, Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Thieron
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Axstmann
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kira Baumgarten
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Reinstädler
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pascal Winkler
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Melina Altmann
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Network Biology (INET), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew Flatley
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maëlle Jaouannet
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht von Haller Institute and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- University of Goettingen, Albrecht von Haller Institute and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen, Germany; University of Goettingen, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Harald Keller
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Christine Coustau
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Pascal Falter-Braun
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Network Biology (INET), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbe-Host Interactions, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), LMU University Hospital, Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Aachen, Germany.
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15
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Shrestha K, Pant S, Huang Y. Genome-wide identification and classification of Lipoxygenase gene family and their roles in sorghum-aphid interaction. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:527-541. [PMID: 33387173 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This report shows detailed characterization of LOX gene family in sorghum and provides new insight of sorghum LOX genes in genetic structure and their roles in plant response to infestation by sugarcane aphids. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are monomeric, nonheme iron-containing dioxygenases that initiate the fatty acid oxidation pathway creating oxylipins and plant hormone jasmonate both have a key role in plant development and defense. To date, a comprehensive and systematic analysis of sorghum LOXs is still deficient. Thus, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the sorghum LOXs genome and identified nine LOXs genes. Detailed examination of protein sequences and phylogenetic analysis categorized the sorghum LOXs into two subclasses, 9-LOXs (SbLOX1, SbLOX3, SbLOX4, SbLOXm, and SbLOXo), 13-LOXs (SbLOX9, SbLOX5, and SbLOX2), and the unclassified SbLOX8. This classification was further supported by sequence similarity/identity matrix and subcellular localization analysis. The lipoxygenase domains, motifs, and vital amino acids were highly conserved in all sorghum LOX genes. In silico analysis of the promoter region of SbLOXs identified different hormones responsive cis-elements. Furthermore, to explore the roles of sorghum LOXs during sugarcane aphid feeding and exogenous MeJA application, expression analysis was conducted for all the eight LOXs in resistant (Tx2783) and susceptible (Tx7000) sorghum lines, respectively. As detailed in this report, the data generated from both genome-wide identification and expression analysis of lipoxygenase genes suggest the putative functions of two 13-LOXs (SbLOX9 and SbLOX5) and three 9-LOXs (SbLOX1, SbLOX3, and SbLOXo) in biosynthesis of jasmonic acid, green leaf volatiles and death acids, and all of them are involved in defense-related functions in plants. Furthermore, this report represents the first genome-wide analysis of the LOX gene family in sorghum, which will facilitate future studies to characterize the roles of each individual LOXs gene in aphid resistance and defense responses to other stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Shrestha
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Shankar Pant
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS), Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA
| | - Yinghua Huang
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS), Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA.
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16
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Ghoniem AA, Abd El-Hai KM, El-khateeb AY, Eldadamony NM, Mahmoud SF, Elsayed A. Enhancing the Potentiality of Trichoderma harzianum against Pythium Pathogen of Beans Using Chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla, L.) Flower Extract. Molecules 2021; 26:1178. [PMID: 33671833 PMCID: PMC7926423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our present study was designed to investigate the role of both Trichoderma harzianum and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) flower extract in mutual reaction against growth of Pythium ultimum. In vitro, the activity of chamomile extract was found to reduce the radial growth of Pythium ultimum up to 30% compared to the control. Whereas, the radial growth reduction effect of T. harzianum against P. ultimum reached 81.6% after 120 h. Data also showed the productivity of total phenolics and total flavonoids by T. harzianum, was 12.18 and 6.33 mg QE/100 mL culture filtrate, respectively. However, these compounds were determined in chamomile flower extract at concentrations of 75.33 and 24.29 mg QE/100 mL, respectively. The fractionation of aqueous extract of chamomile flower using HPLC provided several polyphenolic compounds such as pyrogallol, myricetin, rosemarinic acid, catechol, p-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid and other minor compounds. In vivo, the potentiality of T. harzianum with chamomile flower extract against Pythium pathogen of bean was investigated. Data obtained showed a reduction in the percentage of rotted seed and infected seedling up to 28 and 8%, respectively. Whereas, the survival increased up to 64% compared to other ones. There was also a significant promotion in growth features, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, total polyphenols and flavonoids, polyphenol-oxidase and peroxidase enzymes compared to other ones. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reported studies that included the mutual association of fungus, T. harzianum with the extract taken from the chamomile flower against P. ultimum, either in vitro or in vivo. In conclusion, the application of both T. harzianum and/or M. chamomilla extracts in the control of bean Pythium pathogen showed significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Abdulkhalek Ghoniem
- Microbial Activity Unit, Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Kamar M. Abd El-Hai
- Department of Leguminous and Forage Crop Diseases, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt;
| | - Ayman Y. El-khateeb
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Elgomhouria St., Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Noha M. Eldadamony
- Seed Pathology Department, Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt;
| | - Samy F. Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ashraf Elsayed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Elgomhouria St., Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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17
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Vitiello A, Molisso D, Digilio MC, Giorgini M, Corrado G, Bruce TJA, D’Agostino N, Rao R. Zucchini Plants Alter Gene Expression and Emission of ( E)-β-Caryophyllene Following Aphis gossypii Infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:592603. [PMID: 33488643 PMCID: PMC7820395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.592603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) is widely cultivated in temperate regions. One of the major production challenges is the damage caused by Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae), a polyphagous aphid, which can negatively affect its host plant, both directly by feeding and indirectly by vectoring viruses. To gain insights into the transcriptome events that occur during the zucchini-aphid interaction and to understand the early-to-late defense response through gene expression profiles, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) on zucchini leaves challenged by A. gossypii (24, 48, and 96 h post-infestation; hpi). Data analysis indicated a complex and dynamic pattern of gene expression and a transient transcriptional reconfiguration that involved more than 700 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including a large number of defense-related genes. The down-regulation of key genes of plant immunity, such as leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein kinases, transcription factors, and genes associated with direct (i.e., protease inhibitors, cysteine peptidases, etc.) and indirect (i.e., terpene synthase) defense responses, suggests the aphid ability to manipulate plant immune responses. We also investigated the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from infested plants and observed a reduced emission of (E)-β-caryophyllene at 48 hpi, likely the result of aphid effectors, which reflects the down-regulation of two genes involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids. We showed that (E)-β-caryophyllene emission was modified by the duration of plant infestation and by aphid density and that this molecule highly attracts Aphidius colemani, a parasitic wasp of A. gossypii. With our results we contributed to the identification of genes involved in cucurbit plant interactions with phloem feeders. Our findings may also help pave the way toward developing tolerant zucchini varieties and to identify molecules for sustainable management of harmful insect populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Vitiello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Donata Molisso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Giorgini
- Sede Secondaria di Portici, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Portici, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Toby J. A. Bruce
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nunzio D’Agostino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Rao
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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18
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Gupta A, Bhardwaj M, Tran LSP. Jasmonic Acid at the Crossroads of Plant Immunity and Pseudomonas syringae Virulence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7482. [PMID: 33050569 PMCID: PMC7589129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing of pathogen infection by plants elicits early signals that are transduced to affect defense mechanisms, such as effective blockage of pathogen entry by regulation of stomatal closure, cuticle, or callose deposition, change in water potential, and resource acquisition among many others. Pathogens, on the other hand, interfere with plant physiology and protein functioning to counteract plant defense responses. In plants, hormonal homeostasis and signaling are tightly regulated; thus, the phytohormones are qualified as a major group of signaling molecules controlling the most widely tinkered regulatory networks of defense and counter-defense strategies. Notably, the phytohormone jasmonic acid mediates plant defense responses to a wide array of pathogens. In this review, we present the synopsis on the jasmonic acid metabolism and signaling, and the regulatory roles of this hormone in plant defense against the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. We also elaborate on how this pathogen releases virulence factors and effectors to gain control over plant jasmonic acid signaling to effectively cause disease. The findings discussed in this review may lead to ideas for the development of crop cultivars with enhanced disease resistance by genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Mamta Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, Hindu Girls College, Maharshi Dayanand University, Sonipat 131001, India;
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-19 22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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19
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Ram C, Annamalai M, Koramutla MK, Kansal R, Arora A, Jain PK, Bhattacharya R. Characterization of STP4 promoter in Indian mustard Brassica juncea for use as an aphid responsive promoter. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2013-2033. [PMID: 32676799 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brassica juncea, a major oilseed crop, suffers substantial yield losses due to infestation by mustard aphids (Lipaphis erysimi). Unavailability of resistance genes within the accessible gene pool underpins significance of the transgenic strategy in developing aphid resistance. In this study, we aimed for the identification of an aphid-responsive promoter from B. juncea, based on the available genomic resources. RESULTS A monosaccharide transporter gene, STP4 in B. juncea was activated by aphids and sustained increased expression as the aphids colonized the plants. We cloned the upstream intergenic region of STP4 and validated its stand-alone aphid-responsive promoter activity. Further, deletion analysis identified the putative cis-elements important for the aphid responsive promoter activity. CONCLUSION The identified STP4 promoter can potentially be used for driving high level aphid-inducible expression of transgenes in plants. Use of aphid-responsive promoter instead of constitutive promoters can potentially reduce the metabolic burden of transgene-expression on the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chet Ram
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Muthuganeshan Annamalai
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Murali Krishna Koramutla
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rekha Kansal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ajay Arora
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pradeep K Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ramcharan Bhattacharya
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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20
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Zhao C, Jiang W, Zayed O, Liu X, Tang K, Nie W, Li Y, Xie S, Li Y, Long T, Liu L, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Zhu JK. The LRXs-RALFs-FER module controls plant growth and salt stress responses by modulating multiple plant hormones. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa149. [PMID: 34691553 PMCID: PMC8288382 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is a major environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. We recently discovered an important new salt tolerance pathway, where the cell wall leucine-rich repeat extensins LRX3/4/5, the RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides RALF22/23 and receptor-like kinase FERONIA (FER) function as a module to simultaneously regulate plant growth and salt stress tolerance. However, the intracellular signaling pathways that are regulated by the extracellular LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module to coordinate growth, cell wall integrity and salt stress responses are still unknown. Here, we report that the LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module negatively regulates the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Blocking JA pathway rescues the dwarf phenotype of the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, while disruption of ABA biosynthesis suppresses the salt-hypersensitivity of these mutants. Many salt stress-responsive genes display abnormal expression patterns in the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, as well as in the wild type plants treated with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an inhibitor of pectin methylesterases, suggesting cell wall integrity as a critical factor that determines the expression pattern of stress-responsive genes. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is constitutively increased in the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, and inhibition of ROS accumulation suppresses the salt-hypersensitivity of these mutants. Together, our work provides strong evidence that the LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module controls plant growth and salt stress responses by regulating hormonal homeostasis and ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Omar Zayed
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenfeng Nie
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yali Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaojun Xie
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tiandan Long
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Linlin Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- Key laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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21
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Silva-Sanzana C, Estevez JM, Blanco-Herrera F. Influence of cell wall polymers and their modifying enzymes during plant-aphid interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3854-3864. [PMID: 31828324 PMCID: PMC7316967 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are a major issue for commercial crops. These pests drain phloem nutrients and transmit ~50% of the known insect-borne viral diseases. During aphid feeding, trophic structures called stylets advance toward the phloem intercellularly, disrupting cell wall polymers. It is thought that cell wall-modifying enzymes (CWMEs) present in aphid saliva facilitate stylet penetration through this intercellular polymer network. Additionally, different studies have demonstrated that host settling preference, feeding behavior, and colony performance of aphids are influenced by modulating the CWME expression levels in host plants. CWMEs have been described as critical defensive elements for plants, but also as a key virulence factor for plant pathogens. However, whether CWMEs are elements of the plant defense mechanisms or the aphid infestation process remains unclear. Therefore, in order to better consider the function of CWMEs and cell wall-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) during plant-aphid interactions, the present review integrates different hypotheses, perspectives, and experimental evidence in the field of plant-aphid interactions and discusses similarities to other well-characterized models such as the fungi-plant pathosystems from the host and the attacker perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Silva-Sanzana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - José M Estevez
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisca Blanco-Herrera
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (IBio), Santiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES),Chile
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22
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Blundell R, Schmidt JE, Igwe A, Cheung AL, Vannette RL, Gaudin ACM, Casteel CL. Organic management promotes natural pest control through altered plant resistance to insects. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:483-491. [PMID: 32415295 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reduced insect pest populations found on long-term organic farms have mostly been attributed to increased biodiversity and abundance of beneficial predators, as well as to changes in plant nutrient content. However, the role of plant resistance has largely been ignored. Here, we determine whether host plant resistance mediates decreased pest populations in organic systems and identify potential underpinning mechanisms. We demonstrate that fewer numbers of leafhoppers (Circulifer tenellus) settle on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) grown using organic management as compared to conventional. We present multiple lines of evidence, including rhizosphere soil microbiome sequencing, chemical analysis and transgenic approaches, to demonstrate that changes in leafhopper settling between organically and conventionally grown tomatoes are dependent on salicylic acid accumulation in plants and mediated by rhizosphere microbial communities. These results suggest that organically managed soils and microbial communities may play an unappreciated role in reducing plant attractiveness to pests by increasing plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Blundell
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexandria Igwe
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrea L Cheung
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rachel L Vannette
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Clare L Casteel
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant-Microbe Biology and Plant Pathology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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23
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Liu R, Wang J, Xiao M, Gao X, Chen J, Dai Y. AaCOI1, Encoding a CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1-Like Protein of Artemisia annua L., Is Involved in Development, Defense, and Anthocyanin Synthesis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020221. [PMID: 32093127 PMCID: PMC7074131 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia annua is an important medicinal plant producing the majority of the antimalarial compound artemisinin. Jasmonates are potent inducers of artemisinin accumulation in Artemisisa annua plants. As the receptor of jasmonates, the F-box protein COI1 is critical to the JA signaling required for plant development, defense, and metabolic homeostasis. AaCOI1 from Artemisia annua, homologous to Arabidopsis AtCOI1, encodes a F-box protein located in the nuclei. Expressional profiles of the AaCOI1 in the root, stem, leaves, and inflorescence was investigated. The mRNA abundance of AaCOI1 was the highest in inflorescence, followed by in the leaves. Upon mechanical wounding or MeJA treatment, expression of AaCOI1 was upregulated after 6 h. When ectopically expressed, driven by the native promoter from Arabidopsis thaliana, AaCOI1 could partially complement the JA sensitivity and defense responses, but fully complemented the fertility, and the JA-induced anthocyanin accumulation in a coi1-16 loss-of-function mutant. Our study identifies the paralog of AtCOI1 in Artemisia annua, and revealed its implications in development, hormone signaling, defense, and metabolism. The results provide insight into JA perception in Artemisia annua, and pave the way for novel molecular breeding strategies in the canonical herbs to manipulate the anabolism of pharmaceutic compounds on the phytohormonal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaption, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (R.L.); (J.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Jinbiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaption, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (R.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Mu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaption, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (R.L.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiewang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (J.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yanjiao Dai
- Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (J.C.); (Y.D.)
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Lu H, Zhu J, Yu J, Chen X, Kang L, Cui F. A Symbiotic Virus Facilitates Aphid Adaptation to Host Plants by Suppressing Jasmonic Acid Responses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:55-65. [PMID: 31184525 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-19-0016-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic viruses exist in many insects; however, their functions in host insects are not well understood. In this study, we explored the role of acyrthosiphon pisum virus (APV) in the interaction of its host aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum with plants. APV is primarily located in aphid salivary glands and gut and propagated in the insect. APV is horizontally transmitted to host plants during aphid feeding, but the virus does not replicate in the host plant. When the pea host race of aphids colonized two low-fitness plants, Medicago truncatula and Vicia villosa, the virus titers in both the aphids and plants significantly increased. Furthermore, APV infection strongly promoted the survival rate of the pea host race on V. villosa. Transcriptomic analysis showed that only 0.85% of aphid genes responded to APV infection when aphids fed on V. villosa, with a fold change in transcript levels of no more than fourfold. The improved survival due to APV infection was apparently related to the inhibitory effect of the virus on levels of phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-isoleucine. Our data suggest a benefit of the symbiotic virus to its aphid host and demonstrate a novel case of symbiotic virus-mediated three-species interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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25
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Shi X, Preisser EL, Liu B, Pan H, Xiang M, Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Li C, Liu Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Variation in both host defense and prior herbivory can alter plant-vector-virus interactions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:556. [PMID: 31842757 PMCID: PMC6916021 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While virus-vector-host interactions have been a major focus of both basic and applied ecological research, little is known about how different levels of plant defense interact with prior herbivory to affect these relationships. We used genetically-modified strains of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) varying in the jasmonic acid (JA) plant defense pathways to explore how plant defense and prior herbivory affects a plant virus (tomato yellow leaf curl virus, 'TYLCV'), its vector (the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED), and the host. RESULTS Virus-free MED preferred low-JA over high-JA plants and had lower fitness on high-JA plants. Viruliferous MED preferred low-JA plants but their survival was unaffected by JA levels. While virus-free MED did not lower plant JA levels, viruliferous MED decreased both JA levels and the expression of JA-related genes. Infestation by viruliferous MED reduced plant JA levels. In preference tests, neither virus-free nor viruliferous MED discriminated among JA-varying plants previously exposed to virus-free MED. However, both virus-free and viruliferous MED preferred low-JA plant genotypes when choosing between plants that had both been previously exposed to viruliferous MED. The enhanced preference for low-JA genotypes appears linked to the volatile compound neophytadiene, which was found only in whitefly-infested plants and at concentrations inversely related to plant JA levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate how plant defense can interact with prior herbivory to affect both a plant virus and its whitefly vector, and confirm the induction of neophytadiene by MED. The apparent attraction of MED to neophytadiene may prove useful in pest detection and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Shi
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, 410000, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Evan L Preisser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Baiming Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huipeng Pan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Min Xiang
- Hunan Horticultural Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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26
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Ramirez-Prado JS, Latrasse D, Rodriguez-Granados NY, Huang Y, Manza-Mianza D, Brik-Chaouche R, Jaouannet M, Citerne S, Bendahmane A, Hirt H, Raynaud C, Benhamed M. The Polycomb protein LHP1 regulates Arabidopsis thaliana stress responses through the repression of the MYC2-dependent branch of immunity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:1118-1131. [PMID: 31437321 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) have been traditionally associated with the regulation of developmental processes in various organisms, including higher plants. However, similar to other epigenetic regulators, there is accumulating evidence for their role in the regulation of stress and immune-related pathways. In the current study we show that the PRC1 protein LHP1 is required for the repression of the MYC2 branch of jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) pathway of immunity. Loss of LHP1 induces the reduction in H3K27me3 levels in the gene bodies of ANAC019 and ANAC055, as well as some of their targets, leading to their transcriptional upregulation. Consistently, increased expression of these two transcription factors leads to the misregulation of several of their genomic targets. The lhp1 mutant mimics the MYC2, ANAC019, and ANAC055 overexpressers in several of their phenotypes, including increased aphid resistance, abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity and drought tolerance. In addition, like the MYC2 and ANAC overexpressers, lhp1 displays reduced salicylic acid (SA) content caused by a deregulation of ICS1 and BSMT1, as well as increased susceptibility to the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Together, our results indicate that LHP1 regulates the expression of stress-responsive genes as well as the homeostasis and responses to the stress hormones SA and ABA. This protein emerges as a key chromatin player fine tuning the complex balance between developmental and stress-responsive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastian Ramirez-Prado
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - David Latrasse
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Natalia Yaneth Rodriguez-Granados
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ying Huang
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Deborah Manza-Mianza
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Rim Brik-Chaouche
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Maelle Jaouannet
- CNRS, INRA, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Desert Agriculture Initiative, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Cecile Raynaud
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, University Paris-Sud, University of Evry, University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, University of Paris-Saclay, Batiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
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27
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A MYC2/MYC3/MYC4-dependent transcription factor network regulates water spray-responsive gene expression and jasmonate levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23345-23356. [PMID: 31662474 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911758116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli, such as wind, rain, and touch affect plant development, growth, pest resistance, and ultimately reproductive success. Using water spray to simulate rain, we demonstrate that jasmonic acid (JA) signaling plays a key role in early gene-expression changes, well before it leads to developmental changes in flowering and plant architecture. The JA-activated transcription factors MYC2/MYC3/MYC4 modulate transiently induced expression of 266 genes, most of which peak within 30 min, and control 52% of genes induced >100-fold. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis indicates that MYC2 dynamically binds >1,300 promoters and trans-activation assays show that MYC2 activates these promoters. By mining our multiomic datasets, we identified a core MYC2/MYC3/MYC4-dependent "regulon" of 82 genes containing many previously unknown MYC2 targets, including transcription factors bHLH19 and ERF109 bHLH19 can in turn directly activate the ORA47 promoter, indicating that MYC2/MYC3/MYC4 initiate a hierarchical network of downstream transcription factors. Finally, we also reveal that rapid water spray-induced accumulation of JA and JA-isoleucine is directly controlled by MYC2/MYC3/MYC4 through a positive amplification loop that regulates JA-biosynthesis genes.
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28
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Smigielski L, Laubach EM, Pesch L, Glock JML, Albrecht F, Slusarenko A, Panstruga R, Kuhn H. Nodulation Induces Systemic Resistance of Medicago truncatula and Pisum sativum Against Erysiphe pisi and Primes for Powdery Mildew-Triggered Salicylic Acid Accumulation. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1243-1255. [PMID: 31025899 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-18-0304-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants encounter beneficial and detrimental microorganisms both above- and belowground and the health status of the plant depends on the composition of this pan-microbiome. Beneficial microorganisms contribute to plant nutrition or systemically or locally protect plants against pathogens, thus facilitating adaptation to a variety of environments. Induced systemic resistance, caused by root-associated microbes, manifests as aboveground resistance against necrotrophic pathogens and is mediated by jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent signaling. By contrast, systemic acquired resistance relies on salicylic acid (SA) signaling and confers resistance against secondary infection by (hemi)biotrophic pathogens. To investigate whether symbiotic rhizobia that are ubiquitously found in natural ecosystems are able to modulate resistance against biotrophs, we tested the impact of preestablished nodulation of Medicago truncatula and pea (Pisum sativum) plants against infection by the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe pisi. We found that root symbiosis interfered with fungal penetration of M. truncatula and reduced asexual spore formation on pea leaves independently of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Improved resistance of nodulated plants correlated with elevated levels of free SA and SA-dependent marker gene expression upon powdery mildew infection. Our results suggest that nodulation primes the plants systemically for E. pisi-triggered SA accumulation and defense gene expression, resulting in increased resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Smigielski
- Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Laubach
- Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lina Pesch
- Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joanna Marie Leyva Glock
- Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Albrecht
- Institute for Biology III, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University
| | - Alan Slusarenko
- Institute for Biology III, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Kuhn
- Institute for Biology I, Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Frick KM, Foley RC, Siddique KHM, Singh KB, Kamphuis LG. The role of jasmonate signalling in quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis, wounding and aphid predation response in narrow-leafed lupin. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:443-454. [PMID: 30940332 DOI: 10.1071/fp18278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced in lupin species that protect the plant against insects. They form in vegetative tissues and accumulate to a different extent in the grains: high levels in 'bitter' narrow-leafed lupin (NLL) and low levels in 'sweet' NLL. Grain QA levels vary considerably, and sometimes exceed the industry limit for food and feed purposes. We hypothesised that jasmonates regulate QA biosynthesis in response to environmental stresses such as wounding and aphid predation, which may explain non-genetic variability in grain QA levels. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-inducible genes were identified and verified in NLL. Exogenous MeJA application-induced expression of QA biosynthetic genes and QA levels for bitter, but not sweet NLL. Although MeJA-inducible genes responded to wounding, the expression of QA biosynthetic genes was not induced for bitter and sweet NLL. We assessed the effect of aphid predation on QA production for two cultivars - one moderately resistant and one susceptible to aphid predation. Although MeJA-inducible genes responded to aphid predation, no change in QA levels was found for either cultivar. These findings offer insights into the regulation of QA biosynthesis in bitter and sweet NLL and concludes that aphids are not a concern for increasing grain QAs in NLL cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Frick
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; and CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia; and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; and Present address: Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rhonda C Foley
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Karam B Singh
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia; and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; and Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Lars G Kamphuis
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia; and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; and Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; and Corresponding author.
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Cui N, Lu H, Wang T, Zhang W, Kang L, Cui F. Armet, an aphid effector protein, induces pathogen resistance in plants by promoting the accumulation of salicylic acid. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180314. [PMID: 30967016 PMCID: PMC6367143 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector proteins present in aphid saliva are thought to modulate aphid-plant interactions. Armet, an effector protein, is found in the phloem sap of pea-aphid-infested plants and is indispensable for the survival of aphids on plants. However, its function in plants has not been investigated. Here, we explored the functions of Armet after delivery into plants. Examination of the transcriptomes of Nicotiana benthamiana and Medicago truncatula following transgenic expression of Armet or infiltration of the protein showed that Armet activated pathways associated with plant-pathogen interactions, mitogen-activated protein kinase and salicylic acid (SA). Armet induced a fourfold increase in SA accumulation by regulating the expression of SAMT and SABP2, two genes associated with SA metabolism, in Armet-infiltrated tobacco. The increase in SA enhanced the plants' resistance to bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae but had no detectable adverse effects on aphid survival or reproduction. Similar molecular responses and a chlorosis phenotype were induced in tobacco by Armet from two aphid species but not by locust Armet, suggesting that the effector function of Armet may be specific for aphids. The results suggest that Armet causes plants to make a pathogen-resistance decision and reflect a novel tripartite insect-plant-pathogen interaction. This article is part of the theme issue 'Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianzuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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31
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Seiml-Buchinger VV, Zinovieva SV, Udalova ZV, Matveeva EM. Jasmonic acid modulates Meloidogyne incognita – tomato plant interactions. NEMATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Molecular aspects of the responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants to invasion by Meloidogyne incognita, as well as the nematode reproduction capacity, were investigated and the role of jasmonic acid (JA) in these interactions was evaluated. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that resistant and susceptible plants had similar levels of Mi1.2, PR1 and PR6 gene expression in stress-free conditions. During nematode invasion resistant plants showed up-regulation of Mi1.2, PR1 and PR6 genes and no reproduction of M. incognita. By contrast, susceptible plants showed no response in gene expression and the nematode had a high level of reproduction. Treatment of tomato plants with JA modulated Mi1.2 and PR6 gene expression that was accompanied by a suppression of the M. incognita reproduction on the roots of JA-treated susceptible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V. Seiml-Buchinger
- 1Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya St., 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana V. Zinovieva
- 2Center of Parasitology, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninskii Pr., 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Zhanna V. Udalova
- 2Center of Parasitology, Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninskii Pr., 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta M. Matveeva
- 1Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB KarRC RAS), 11 Pushkinskaya St., 185910 Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
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Florencio-Ortiz V, Novák O, Casas JL. Local and systemic hormonal responses in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves under green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:356-363. [PMID: 30388675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the temporal changes in the leaf content of defence-involved phytohormones in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants responding to the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation, at both local and systemic level. Aphid infestation did not alter the content of cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, the jasmonic acid (JA) precursor, even though endogenous levels of JA and its bioactive isoleucine-conjugated form (JA-Ile) significantly increased from 8 to 96 h in local infested leaves. Systemic effects in jasmonates were only showed at 48 h for JA, and 8 and 48 h in the case of JA-Ile. SA accumulated only in local infested leaves after 96 h of infestation, when the level of JA-Ile decreased in these leaves. This suggests a possible antagonistic interaction between JA and SA pathways, although other pathways may be also involved. Endogenous level of indole-3-acetic acid was higher in systemic relative to local infested leaves at 3 and 24 h, although no significant changes in its content were found compared to control leaves. Abscisic acid content was lower in local infested relative to control leaves at 24 h, but was higher at 48 h when it also increased systemically. The possible roles of the studied phytohormones in plant defence responses against aphids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Florencio-Ortiz
- Unidad Asociada IPAB (UA-CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig (Alicante), Spain.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany CAS & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - José L Casas
- Unidad Asociada IPAB (UA-CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig (Alicante), Spain
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Shu LJ, Liao JY, Lin NC, Chung CL. Identification of a strawberry NPR-like gene involved in negative regulation of the salicylic acid-mediated defense pathway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205790. [PMID: 30312354 PMCID: PMC6185849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormonal modulation plays a central role in triggering various resistant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. In cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense pathway has been associated with resistance to Colletotrichum spp. and the other pathogens. To better understand the SA-mediated defense mechanisms in strawberry, we analyzed two strawberry cultivars treated with SA for their resistance to anthracnose and gene expression profiles at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr post-treatment. Strawberry genes related to SA biosynthesis, perception, and signaling were identified from SA-responsive transcriptomes of the two cultivars, and the induction of 17 candidate genes upon SA treatment was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Given the pivotal role of the non-expressor of pathogenesis-related (NPR) family in controlling the SA-mediated defense signaling pathway, we then analyzed NPR orthologous genes in strawberry. From the expression profile, FaNPRL-1 [ortholog of FvNPRL-1 (gene20070 in F. vesca)] was identified as an NPR-like gene significantly induced after SA treatment in both cultivars. With a conserved BTB/POZ domain, ankyrin repeat domain, and nuclear localization signal, FvNPRL-1 was found phylogenetically closer to NPR3/NPR4 than NPR1 in Arabidopsis. Ectopic expression of FvNPRL-1 in the Arabidopsis thaliana wild type suppressed the SA-mediated PR1 expression and the resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Transient expression of FvNPRL-1 fused with green fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that SA affected nuclear translocation of FvNPRL-1. FvNPRL-1 likely functions similar to Arabidopsis NPR3/NPR4 as a negative regulator of the SA-mediated defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jie Shu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Liao
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chun Lin
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chapman KM, Marchi-Werle L, Hunt TE, Heng-Moss TM, Louis J. Abscisic and Jasmonic Acids Contribute to Soybean Tolerance to the Soybean Aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura). Sci Rep 2018; 8:15148. [PMID: 30310120 PMCID: PMC6181993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant resistance can provide effective, economical, and sustainable pest control. Tolerance to the soybean aphid has been identified and confirmed in the soybean KS4202. Although its resistance mechanisms are not fully understood, evidence suggests that enhanced detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an active system under high aphid infestation. We further explored tolerance by evaluating the differences in constitutive and aphid-induced defenses in KS4202 through the expression of selected defense-related transcripts and the levels of the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile), cis-(+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), and salicylic acid (SA) over several time points. Higher constitutive levels of ABA and JA, and basal expression of ABA- and JA-related transcripts were found in the tolerant genotype. Conversely, aphid-induced defenses in KS4202 were expressed as an upregulation of peroxidases under prolonged aphid infestation (>7 days). Our results point at the importance of phytohormones in constitutive defense in KS4202 tolerance to the soybean aphid. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of tolerance will assist breeding for soybean with these traits, and perhaps help extend the durability of Rag (Resistance to Aphis glycines)-mediated resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Chapman
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Lia Marchi-Werle
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Thomas E Hunt
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Tiffany M Heng-Moss
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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35
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Davis JL, Armengaud P, Larson TR, Graham IA, White PJ, Newton AC, Amtmann A. Contrasting nutrient-disease relationships: Potassium gradients in barley leaves have opposite effects on two fungal pathogens with different sensitivities to jasmonic acid. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2357-2372. [PMID: 29851096 PMCID: PMC6175101 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between mineral nutrition and disease is essential for crop management. Our previous studies with Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that potassium (K) deprivation induced the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and increased the plant's resistance to herbivorous insects. Here, we addressed the question of how tissue K affects the development of fungal pathogens and whether sensitivity of the pathogens to JA could play a role for the K-disease relationship in barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Optic). We report that K-deprived barley plants showed increased leaf concentrations of JA and other oxylipins. Furthermore, a natural tip-to-base K-concentration gradient within leaves of K-sufficient plants was quantitatively mirrored by the transcript levels of JA-responsive genes. The local leaf tissue K concentrations affected the development of two economically important fungi in opposite ways, showing a positive correlation with powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and a negative correlation with leaf scald (Rhynchosporium commune) disease symptoms. B. graminis induced a JA response in the plant and was sensitive to methyl-JA treatment whereas R. commune initiated no JA response and was JA insensitive. Our study challenges the view that high K generally improves plant health and suggests that JA sensitivity of pathogens could be an important factor in determining the exact K-disease relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne L. Davis
- Plant Science Group, Institute for Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Ecological SciencesThe James Hutton InstituteDundeeUK
| | - Patrick Armengaud
- Plant Science Group, Institute for Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Tony R. Larson
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural ProductsUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Ian A. Graham
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural ProductsUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | | | | | - Anna Amtmann
- Plant Science Group, Institute for Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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36
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Bandara YMAY, Weerasooriya DK, Liu S, Little CR. The Necrotrophic Fungus Macrophomina phaseolina Promotes Charcoal Rot Susceptibility in Grain Sorghum Through Induced Host Cell-Wall-Degrading Enzymes. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:948-956. [PMID: 29465007 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-17-0404-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The cell-wall-degrading enzymes (CWDE) secreted by necrotrophs are important virulence factors. Although not unequivocally demonstrated, it has been suggested that necrotrophs induce hosts to cooperate in disease development through manipulation of host CWDE. The necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina causes charcoal rot disease in Sorghum bicolor. An RNA-seq experiment was conducted to investigate the behavior of sorghum CWDE-encoding genes after M. phaseolina inoculation. Results revealed M. phaseolina's ability to significantly upregulate pectin methylesterase-, polygalacturonase-, cellulase-, endoglucanase-, and glycosyl hydrolase-encoding genes in a charcoal rot-susceptible sorghum genotype (Tx7000) but not in a resistant genotype (SC599). For functional validation, crude enzyme mixtures were extracted from M. phaseolina- and mock-inoculated charcoal-rot-resistant (SC599 and SC35) and -susceptible (Tx7000 and BTx3042) sorghum genotype stalks. A gel diffusion assay (pectin substrate) revealed significantly increased pectin methylesterase activity in M. phaseolina-inoculated Tx7000 and BTx3042. Polygalacturonase activity was determined using a ruthenium red absorbance assay (535 nm). Significantly increased polygalacturonase activity was observed in two susceptible genotypes after M. phaseolina inoculation. The activity of cellulose-degrading enzymes was determined using a 2-cyanoacetamide fluorimetric assay (excitation and emission maxima at 331 and 383 nm, respectively). The assay revealed significantly increased cellulose-degrading enzyme activity in M. phaseolina-inoculated Tx7000 and BTx3042. These findings revealed M. phaseolina's ability to promote charcoal rot susceptibility in grain sorghum through induced host CWDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M A Y Bandara
- First third, and fourth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and second author: Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - D K Weerasooriya
- First third, and fourth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and second author: Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - S Liu
- First third, and fourth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and second author: Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - C R Little
- First third, and fourth authors: Department of Plant Pathology, and second author: Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
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Wang WW, Zheng C, Hao WJ, Ma CL, Ma JQ, Ni DJ, Chen L. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveal candidate genes and biochemicals involved in tea geometrid defense in Camellia sinensis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201670. [PMID: 30067831 PMCID: PMC6070272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) respond to herbivore attack through large changes in defense related metabolism and gene expression. Ectropis oblique (Prout) is one of the most devastating insects that feed on tea leaves and tender buds, which can cause severe production loss and deteriorate the quality of tea. To elucidate the biochemicals and molecular mechanism of defense against tea geometrid (TG), transcriptome and metabolome of TG interaction with susceptible (SG) and resistance (RG) tea genotypes were analyzed by using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, GC-MS, and RNA-seq technologies. This revealed that jasmonic acid was highly induced in RG, following a plethora of secondary metabolites involved in defense against TG could be induced by jasmonic acid signaling pathway. However, the constitutively present of salicylic acid in SG might be a suppressor of jasmonate signaling and thus misdirect tea plants against TG. Furthermore, flavonoids and terpenoids biosynthesis pathways were highly activated in RG to constitute the chemical barrier on TG feeding behavior. In contrast, fructose and theanine, which can act as feeding stimulants were observed to highly accumulate in SG. Being present in the major hub, 39 transcription factors or protein kinases among putative candidates were identified as master regulators from protein-protein interaction network analysis. Together, the current study provides a comprehensive gene expression and metabolite profiles, which can shed new insights into the molecular mechanism of tea defense against TG. The candidate genes and specific metabolites identified in the present study can serve as a valuable resource for unraveling the possible defense mechanism of plants against various biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Jun Hao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - De-Jiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (LC); (DJN)
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LC); (DJN)
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Arabidopsis Transcription Factor MYB102 Increases Plant Susceptibility to Aphids by Substantial Activation of Ethylene Biosynthesis. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020039. [PMID: 29880735 PMCID: PMC6023100 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of ethylene biosynthesis by aphids increases the susceptibility of several plant species to aphids. Recent studies have indicated that some MYB transcription factors regulate the phloem-based defense against aphid infestation by modulating ethylene (ET) signaling. Arabidopsis MYB102 has previously been shown to be induced by wound signaling and regulate defense response against chewing insects. However, it remains unclear whether ArabidopsisMYB102 takes part in the defense response of plants to aphids. Here, we investigated the function of MYB102 in the response of Arabidopsis to aphid infestation. ArabidopsisMYB102 was primarily expressed in vascular tissues, and its transcription was remarkably induced by green peach aphids (GPA; Myzus persicae). The results of RNA-Sequencing revealed that overexpression of MYB102 in Arabidopsis promoted ET biosynthesis by upregulation of some 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) genes, which are rate-limiting enzymes of the ET-synthetic pathway. Enhanced ET levels led to reduced Arabidopsis resistance to GPA. Furthermore, dominant suppression of MYB102 inhibited aphid-induced increase of ET levels in Arabidopsis. In agreement with a negative regulatory role for ET in aphid defense responses, the MYB102-overexpressing lines were more susceptible to GPA than wild-type (WT) plants. Overexpression of MYB102 in Arabidopsis obviously repressed aphid-induced callose deposition. Conversely, overexpression of MYB102 failed to increase aphid susceptibility in both the ET-insensitive mutants and plants treated with inhibitors of ET signaling pathways, demonstrating that the ET was critical for promoting aphid performance conferred by overexpression of MYB102. Collectively, our findings indicate that the Arabidopsis MYB102 increases host susceptibility to GPA through the ET-dependent signaling pathways.
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Howe GA, Major IT, Koo AJ. Modularity in Jasmonate Signaling for Multistress Resilience. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:387-415. [PMID: 29539269 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonate coordinates immune and growth responses to increase plant survival in unpredictable environments. The core jasmonate signaling pathway comprises several functional modules, including a repertoire of COI1-JAZ (CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1-JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN) coreceptors that couple jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine perception to the degradation of JAZ repressors, JAZ-interacting transcription factors that execute physiological responses, and multiple negative feedback loops to ensure timely termination of these responses. Here, we review the jasmonate signaling pathway with an emphasis on understanding how transcriptional responses are specific, tunable, and evolvable. We explore emerging evidence that JAZ proteins integrate multiple informational cues and mediate crosstalk by propagating changes in protein-protein interaction networks. We also discuss recent insights into the evolution of jasmonate signaling and highlight how plant-associated organisms manipulate the pathway to subvert host immunity. Finally, we consider how this mechanistic foundation can accelerate the rational design of jasmonate signaling for improving crop resilience and harnessing the wellspring of specialized plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg A Howe
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; ,
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Ian T Major
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; ,
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA;
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Bastías DA, Alejandra Martínez-Ghersa M, Newman JA, Card SD, Mace WJ, Gundel PE. The plant hormone salicylic acid interacts with the mechanism of anti-herbivory conferred by fungal endophytes in grasses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:395-405. [PMID: 29194664 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) is recognized as an effective defence against biotrophic pathogens, but its role as regulator of beneficial plant symbionts has received little attention. We studied the relationship between the SA hormone and leaf fungal endophytes on herbivore defences in symbiotic grasses. We hypothesize that the SA exposure suppresses the endophyte reducing the fungal-produced alkaloids. Because of the role that alkaloids play in anti-herbivore defences, any reduction in their production should make host plants more susceptible to herbivores. Lolium multiflorum plants symbiotic and nonsymbiotic with the endophyte Epichloë occultans were exposed to SA followed by a challenge with the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. We measured the level of plant resistance to aphids, and the defences conferred by endophytes and host plants. Symbiotic plants had lower concentrations of SA than did the nonsymbiotic counterparts. Consistent with our prediction, the hormonal treatment reduced the concentration of loline alkaloids (i.e., N-formyllolines and N-acetylnorlolines) and consequently decreased the endophyte-conferred resistance against aphids. Our study highlights the importance of the interaction between the plant immune system and endophytes for the stability of the defensive mutualism. Our results indicate that the SA plays a critical role in regulating the endophyte-conferred resistance against herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Bastías
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires, C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - M Alejandra Martínez-Ghersa
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires, C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Jonathan A Newman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stuart D Card
- Forage Science, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Wade J Mace
- Forage Science, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Pedro E Gundel
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires, C1417DSE, Argentina
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Stahl E, Hilfiker O, Reymond P. Plant-arthropod interactions: who is the winner? THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:703-728. [PMID: 29160609 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous arthropods have interacted with plants for millions of years. During feeding they release chemical cues that allow plants to detect the attack and mount an efficient defense response. A signaling cascade triggers the expression of hundreds of genes, which encode defensive proteins and enzymes for synthesis of toxic metabolites. This direct defense is often complemented by emission of volatiles that attract beneficial parasitoids. In return, arthropods have evolved strategies to interfere with plant defenses, either by producing effectors to inhibit detection and downstream signaling steps, or by adapting to their detrimental effect. In this review, we address the current knowledge on the molecular and chemical dialog between plants and herbivores, with an emphasis on co-evolutionary aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Stahl
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Hilfiker
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Rioja C, Zhurov V, Bruinsma K, Grbic M, Grbic V. Plant-Herbivore Interactions: A Case of an Extreme Generalist, the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:935-945. [PMID: 28857675 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-17-0168-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant-herbivore interactions evolved over long periods of time, resulting in an elaborate arms race between interacting species. While specialist herbivores evolved specific strategies to cope with the defenses of a limited number of hosts, our understanding of how generalist herbivores deal with the defenses of a plethora of diverse host plants is largely unknown. Understanding the interaction between a plant host and a generalist herbivore requires an understanding of the plant's mechanisms aimed at defending itself and the herbivore's mechanisms intended to counteract diverse defenses. In this review, we use the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae (Koch) as an example of a generalist herbivore, as this chelicerate pest has a staggering number of plant hosts. We first establish that the ability of TSSM to adapt to marginal hosts underlies its polyphagy and agricultural pest status. We then highlight our understanding of direct plant defenses against spider mite herbivory and review recent advances in uncovering mechanisms of spider mite adaptations to them. Finally, we discuss the adaptation process itself, as it allows TSSM to overcome initially effective plant defenses. A high-quality genome sequence and developing genetic tools, coupled with an ease of mite experimental selection to new hosts, make TSSM an outstanding system to study the evolution of host range, mechanisms of pest xenobiotic resistance and plant-herbivore interactions. In addition, knowledge of plant defense mechanisms that affect mite fitness are of practical importance, as it can lead to development of new control strategies against this important agricultural pest. In parallel, understanding mechanisms of mite counter adaptations to these defenses is required to maintain the efficacy of these control strategies in agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rioja
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada; and
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada; and
| | - Kristie Bruinsma
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada; and
| | - Miodrag Grbic
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada; and
- 2 University of La Rioja, Logrono, 26006, Spain
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada; and
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Zhang Y, Fan J, Francis F, Chen J. Watery Saliva Secreted by the Grain Aphid Sitobion avenae Stimulates Aphid Resistance in Wheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8798-8805. [PMID: 28915349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Infestation with Sitobion avenae induces localized defense responses in wheat; in this study, the role of S. avenae watery saliva in resistance induction was examined by infiltrating aphid saliva into wheat leaves. After feeding S. avenae on an artificial diet for 48 h, we first collected watery saliva from them and then separated the salivary proteins using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Gene expression studies showed that infiltration of S. avenae watery saliva in wheat leaves induced a strong salicylic acid-responsive defense but moderate jasmonic acid-dependent defense. Feeding on wheat leaves infiltrated with aphid saliva, compared with untreated leaves, significantly decreased the number of nymphs produced per day and the intrinsic rate of increase of the population of S. avenae. In a choice test against untreated wheat, saliva-infiltrated wheat had repellent effects on aphids. Additionally, electrical penetration graph results showed that the feeding behavior of S. avenae on saliva-treated wheat was negatively affected compared with that on untreated wheat. These findings provided direct evidence that salivary components of S. avenae are involved in the induction of wheat resistance against aphids and further demonstrated the important roles of watery saliva in aphid-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège , Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Jia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège , Gembloux B-5030, Belgium
| | - Julian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Tzin V, Hojo Y, Strickler SR, Bartsch LJ, Archer CM, Ahern KR, Zhou S, Christensen SA, Galis I, Mueller LA, Jander G. Rapid defense responses in maize leaves induced by Spodoptera exigua caterpillar feeding. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4709-4723. [PMID: 28981781 PMCID: PMC5853842 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Insects such as the beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) cause extensive damage to maize (Zea mays). Maize plants respond by triggering defense signaling, changes in gene expression, and biosynthesis of specialized metabolites. Leaves of maize inbred line B73, which has an available genome sequence, were infested with S. exigua for 1 to 24 h, followed by comparisons of the transcript and metabolite profiles with those of uninfested controls. The most extensive gene expression responses occurred rapidly, within 4-6 h after caterpillar infestation. However, both gene expression and metabolite profiles were altered within 1 h and continued to change during the entire 24 h experiment. The defensive functions of three caterpillar-induced genes were examined using available Dissociation transposon insertions in maize inbred line W22. Whereas mutations in the benzoxazinoid biosynthesis pathway (Bx1 and Bx2) significantly improved caterpillar growth, the knockout of a 13-lipoxygenase (Lox8) involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis did not. Interestingly, 9-lipoxygenases, which lead to the production of maize death acids, were more strongly induced by caterpillar feeding than 13-lipoxygenases, suggesting an as yet unknown function in maize defense against herbivory. Together, these results provide a comprehensive view of the dynamic transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of maize leaves to caterpillar feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Tzin
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Okayama University, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Susan R Strickler
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lee J Bartsch
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cairo M Archer
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kevin R Ahern
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shaoqun Zhou
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shawn A Christensen
- USDA-ARS Chemistry Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ivan Galis
- Okayama University, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Lukas A Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Paolacci AR, Catarcione G, Ederli L, Zadra C, Pasqualini S, Badiani M, Musetti R, Santi S, Ciaffi M. Jasmonate-mediated defence responses, unlike salicylate-mediated responses, are involved in the recovery of grapevine from bois noir disease. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:118. [PMID: 28693415 PMCID: PMC5504844 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bois noir is an important disease of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), caused by phytoplasmas. An interesting, yet elusive aspect of the bois noir disease is "recovery", i.e., the spontaneous and unpredictable remission of symptoms and damage. Because conventional pest management is ineffective against bois noir, deciphering the molecular bases of recovery is beneficial. The present study aimed to understand whether salicylate- and jasmonate-defence pathways might have a role in the recovery from the bois noir disease of grapevine. RESULTS Leaves from healthy, bois noir-diseased and bois noir-recovered plants were compared, both in the presence (late summer) and absence (late spring) of bois noir symptoms on the diseased plants. Analyses of salicylate and jasmonate contents, as well as the expression of genes involved in their biosynthesis, signalling and action, were evaluated. In symptomatic diseased plants (late summer), unlike symptomless plants (late spring), salicylate biosynthesis was increased and salicylate-responsive genes were activated. In contrast, jasmonate biosynthesis and signalling genes were up-regulated both in recovered and diseased plants at all sampling dates. The activation of salicylate signalling in symptomatic plants might have antagonised the jasmonate-mediated defence response by suppressing the expression of jasmonate-responsive genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that grapevine reacts to phytoplasma infection through salicylate-mediated signalling, although the resultant full activation of a salicylate-mediated response is apparently ineffective in conferring resistance against bois noir disease. Activation of the salicylate signalling pathway that is associated with the presence of bois noir phytoplasma seems to antagonise the jasmonate defence response, by failing to activate or suppressing both the expression of some jasmonate responsive genes that act downstream of the jasmonate biosynthetic pathway, as well as the first events of the jasmonate signalling pathway. On the other hand, activation of the entire jasmonate signalling pathway in recovered plants suggests the potential importance of jasmonate-regulated defences in preventing bois noir phytoplasma infections and the subsequent development of bois noir disease. Thus, on one hand, recovery could be achieved and maintained over time by preventing the activation of defence genes associated with salicylate signalling, and on the other hand, by activating jasmonate signalling and other defence responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Paolacci
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, s.n.c, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giulio Catarcione
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, s.n.c, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luisa Ederli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, I-06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Zadra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, I-06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Pasqualini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, I-06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Badiani
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rita Musetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Via delle Scienze, 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Simonetta Santi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Via delle Scienze, 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Ciaffi
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, s.n.c, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Hoysted GA, Lilley CJ, Field KJ, Dickinson M, Hartley SE, Urwin PE. A Plant-Feeding Nematode Indirectly Increases the Fitness of an Aphid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1897. [PMID: 29209337 PMCID: PMC5701616 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants suffer multiple, simultaneous assaults from above and below ground. In the laboratory, pests and/or pathogen attack are commonly studied on an individual basis. The molecular response of the plant to attack from multiple organisms and the interaction of different defense pathways is unclear. The inducible systemic responses of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) host plant were analyzed to characterize the plant-mediated indirect interactions between a sedentary, endoparasitic nematode (Globodera pallida), and a phloem-sucking herbivore (Myzus persicae). The reproductive success of M. persicae was greater on potato plants pre-infected with G. pallida compared to control plants. Salicylic acid (SA) increased systemically in the leaves of potato plants following nematode and aphid infection singly with a corresponding increase in expression of SA-mediated marker genes. An increase in jasmonic acid associated with aphid infection was suppressed when plants were co-infected with nematodes. Our data suggests a positive, asymmetric interaction between a sedentary endoparasitic nematode and a sap-sucking insect. The systemic response of the potato plant following infection with G. pallida indirectly influences the performance of M. persicae. This work reveals additional secondary benefits of controlling individual crop pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Hoysted
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katie J. Field
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sue E. Hartley
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Peter E. Urwin
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Peter E. Urwin,
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Kuhn H, Lorek J, Kwaaitaal M, Consonni C, Becker K, Micali C, Ver Loren van Themaat E, Bednarek P, Raaymakers TM, Appiano M, Bai Y, Meldau D, Baum S, Conrath U, Feussner I, Panstruga R. Key Components of Different Plant Defense Pathways Are Dispensable for Powdery Mildew Resistance of the Arabidopsis mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 Triple Mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1006. [PMID: 28674541 PMCID: PMC5475338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Loss of function mutations of particular plant MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O (MLO) genes confer durable and broad-spectrum penetration resistance against powdery mildew fungi. Here, we combined genetic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to explore the defense mechanisms in the fully resistant Arabidopsis thaliana mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 triple mutant. We found that this genotype unexpectedly overcomes the requirement for indolic antimicrobials and defense-related secretion, which are critical for incomplete resistance of mlo2 single mutants. Comparative microarray-based transcriptome analysis of mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 mutants and wild type plants upon Golovinomyces orontii inoculation revealed an increased and accelerated accumulation of many defense-related transcripts. Despite the biotrophic nature of the interaction, this included the non-canonical activation of a jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent transcriptional program. In contrast to a non-adapted powdery mildew pathogen, the adapted powdery mildew fungus is able to defeat the accumulation of defense-relevant indolic metabolites in a MLO protein-dependent manner. We suggest that a broad and fast activation of immune responses in mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 plants can compensate for the lack of single or few defense pathways. In addition, our results point to a role of Arabidopsis MLO2, MLO6, and MLO12 in enabling defense suppression during invasion by adapted powdery mildew fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kuhn
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Justine Lorek
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologne, Germany
| | - Mark Kwaaitaal
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Chiara Consonni
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologne, Germany
| | - Katia Becker
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologne, Germany
| | - Cristina Micali
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologne, Germany
| | | | - Paweł Bednarek
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologne, Germany
| | - Tom M. Raaymakers
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michela Appiano
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yuling Bai
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dorothea Meldau
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute, Georg August University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
| | - Stephani Baum
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology III, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Conrath
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology III, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht von Haller Institute, Georg August University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Georg August University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ralph Panstruga
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Sanchez-Arcos C, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Kunert G. Modulation of Legume Defense Signaling Pathways by Native and Non-native Pea Aphid Clones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1872. [PMID: 28018405 PMCID: PMC5156717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) is a complex of at least 15 genetically different host races that are native to specific legume plants, but can all develop on the universal host plant Vicia faba. Despite much research, it is still unclear why pea aphid host races (biotypes) are able to colonize their native hosts while other host races are not. All aphids penetrate the plant and salivate into plant cells when they test plant suitability. Thus plants might react differently to the various pea aphid host races. To find out whether legume species vary in their defense responses to different pea aphid host races, we measured the amounts of salicylic acid (SA), the jasmonic acid-isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile), other jasmonate precursors and derivatives, and abscisic acid (ABA) in four different species (Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense, Pisum sativum, V. faba) after infestation by native and non-native pea aphid clones of various host races. Additionally, we assessed the performance of the clones on the four plant species. On M. sativa and T. pratense, non-native clones that were barely able to survive or reproduce, triggered a strong SA and JA-Ile response, whereas infestation with native clones led to lower levels of both phytohormones. On P. sativum, non-native clones, which survived or reproduced to a certain extent, induced fluctuating SA and JA-Ile levels, whereas the native clone triggered only a weak SA and JA-Ile response. On the universal host V. faba all aphid clones triggered only low SA levels initially, but induced clone-specific patterns of SA and JA-Ile later on. The levels of the active JA-Ile conjugate and of the other JA-pathway metabolites measured showed in many cases similar patterns, suggesting that the reduction in JA signaling was due to an effect upstream of OPDA. ABA levels were downregulated in all aphid clone-plant combinations and were therefore probably not decisive factors for aphid-plant compatibility. Our results suggest that A. pisum clones manipulate plant-defense signaling to their own advantage, and perform better on their native hosts due to their ability to modulate the SA- and JA-defense signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Grit Kunert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena, Germany
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49
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Cui H, Sun Y, Chen F, Zhang Y, Ge F. Elevated O₃ and TYLCV Infection Reduce the Suitability of Tomato as a Host for the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1964. [PMID: 27916792 PMCID: PMC5187764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of elevated atmospheric ozone (O₃) levels on herbivorous insects have been well studied, but little is known about the combined effects of elevated O₃ and virus infection on herbivorous insect performance. Using open-top chambers in the field, we determined the effects of elevated O₃ and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infection on wild-type (Wt) tomato and 35S tomato (jasmonic acid (JA) defense-enhanced genotype) in association with whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius biotype B. Elevated O₃ and TYLCV infection, alone and in combination, significantly reduced the contents of soluble sugars and free amino acids, increased the contents of total phenolics and condensed tannins, and increased salicylic acid (SA) content and the expression of SA-related genes in leaves. The JA signaling pathway was upregulated by elevated O₃, but downregulated by TYLCV infection and O₃ + TYLCV infection. Regardless of plant genotype, elevated O₃, TYLCV infection, or O₃ + TYLCV infection significantly decreased B. tabaci fecundity and abundance. These results suggest that elevated O₃ and TYLCV infection, alone and in combination, reduce the nutrients available for B. tabaci, increase SA content and SA-related gene expression, and increase secondary metabolites, resulting in decreases in fecundity and abundance of B. tabaci in both tomato genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Cui
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yucheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Feng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Peñaflor MFGV, Mauck KE, Alves KJ, De Moraes CM, Mescher MC. Effects of single and mixed infections of
Bean pod mottle virus
and
Soybean mosaic virus
on host‐plant chemistry and host–vector interactions. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda G. V. Peñaflor
- Department of Entomology and Acarology University of São Paulo Piracicaba SP13418‐900 Brazil
- Department of Entomology Federal University of Lavras Lavras MG37200‐000 Brazil
| | - Kerry E. Mauck
- Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zürich Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Kelly J. Alves
- Department of Entomology and Acarology University of São Paulo Piracicaba SP13418‐900 Brazil
| | | | - Mark C. Mescher
- Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zürich Zürich 8092 Switzerland
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