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Jalloh AA, Mutyambai DM, Yusuf AA, Subramanian S, Khamis F. Maize edible-legumes intercropping systems for enhancing agrobiodiversity and belowground ecosystem services. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14355. [PMID: 38906908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Intensification of staple crops through conventional agricultural practices with chemical synthetic inputs has yielded positive outcomes in food security but with negative environmental impacts. Ecological intensification using cropping systems such as maize edible-legume intercropping (MLI) systems has the potential to enhance soil health, agrobiodiversity and significantly influence crop productivity. However, mechanisms underlying enhancement of biological soil health have not been well studied. This study investigated the shifts in rhizospheric soil and maize-root microbiomes and associated soil physico-chemical parameters in MLI systems of smallholder farms in comparison to maize-monoculture cropping systems (MMC). Maize-root and rhizospheric soil samples were collected from twenty-five farms each conditioned by MLI and MMC systems in eastern Kenya. Soil characteristics were assessed using Black oxidation and Walkley methods. High-throughput amplicon sequencing was employed to analyze fungal and bacterial communities, predicting their functional roles and diversity. The different MLI systems significantly impacted soil and maize-root microbial communities, resulting in distinct microbe sets. Specific fungal and bacterial genera and species were mainly influenced and enriched in the MLI systems (e.g., Bionectria solani, Sarocladium zeae, Fusarium algeriense, and Acremonium persicinum for fungi, and Bradyrhizobium elkanii, Enterobacter roggenkampii, Pantoea dispersa and Mitsuaria chitosanitabida for bacteria), which contribute to nutrient solubilization, decomposition, carbon utilization, plant protection, bio-insecticides/fertilizer production, and nitrogen fixation. Conversely, the MMC systems enriched phytopathogenic microbial species like Sphingomonas leidyi and Alternaria argroxiphii. Each MLI system exhibited a unique composition of fungal and bacterial communities that shape belowground biodiversity, notably affecting soil attributes, plant well-being, disease control, and agroecological services. Indeed, soil physico-chemical properties, including pH, nitrogen, organic carbon, phosphorus, and potassium were enriched in MLI compared to MMC cropping systems. Thus, diversification of agroecosystems with MLI systems enhances soil properties and shifts rhizosphere and maize-root microbiome in favor of ecologically important microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul A Jalloh
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20 , Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel Munyao Mutyambai
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Department of Life Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O Box 170-90200, Kitui, Kenya.
| | - Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20 , Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fathiya Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Chen Y, Sewsurn S, Amand S, Kunz C, Pietrancosta N, Calabro K, Buisson D, Mann S. Metabolic Investigation and Auxiliary Enzyme Modelization of the Pyrrocidine Pathway Allow Rationalization of Paracyclophane-Decahydrofluorene Formation. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:886-895. [PMID: 38576157 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Fungal paracyclophane-decahydrofluorene-containing natural products are complex polycyclic metabolites derived from similar hybrid PKS-NRPS pathways. Herein we studied the biosynthesis of pyrrocidines, one representative of this family, by gene inactivation in the producer Sarocladium zeae coupled to thorough metabolic analysis and molecular modeling of key enzymes. We characterized nine pyrrocidines and analogues as well as in mutants a variety of accumulating metabolites with new structures including rare cis-decalin, cytochalasan, and fused 6/15/5 macrocycles. This diversity highlights the extraordinary plasticity of the pyrrocidine biosynthetic gene cluster. From accumulating metabolites, we delineated the scenario of pyrrocidine biosynthesis. The ring A of the decahydrofluorene is installed by PrcB, a membrane-bound cyclizing isomerase, on a PKS-NRPS-derived pyrrolidone precursor. Docking experiments in PrcB allowed us to characterize the active site suggesting a mechanism triggered by arginine-mediated deprotonation at the terminal methyl of the substrate. Next, two integral membrane proteins, PrcD and PrcE, each predicted as a four-helix bundle, perform hydroxylation of the pyrrolidone ring and paracyclophane formation, respectively. Modelization of PrcE highlights a topological homology with vitamin K oxido-reductase and the presence of a disulfide bond. Our results suggest a previously unsuspected coupling mechanism via a transient loss of aromaticity of tyrosine residue to form the strained paracyclophane motif. Finally, the lipocalin-like protein PrcX drives the exo-cycloaddition yielding ring B and C of the decahydrofluorene to afford pyrrocidine A, which is transformed by a reductase PrcI to form pyrrocidine B. These insights will greatly facilitate the microbial production of pyrrocidine analogues by synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Chen
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités; CP54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Steffi Sewsurn
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités; CP54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Séverine Amand
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités; CP54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Kunz
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités; CP54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, UFR 927, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
- Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Kevin Calabro
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités; CP54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Didier Buisson
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités; CP54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Mann
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités; CP54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
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3
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Bhardwaj M, Kailoo S, Khan RT, Khan SS, Rasool S. Harnessing fungal endophytes for natural management: a biocontrol perspective. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1280258. [PMID: 38143866 PMCID: PMC10748429 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1280258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the ever-evolving realm of agriculture, the convoluted interaction between plants and microorganisms have assumed paramount significance. Fungal endophytes, once perceived as mere bystanders within plant tissues, have now emerged as dynamic defenders of plant health. This comprehensive review delves into the captivating world of fungal endophytes and their multifaceted biocontrol mechanisms. Exploring their unique ability to coexist with their plant hosts, fungal endophytes have unlocked a treasure trove of biological weaponry to fend off pathogens and enhance plant resilience. From the synthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites to intricate signaling pathways these silent allies are masters of biological warfare. The world of fungal endophytes is quite fascinating as they engage in a delicate dance with the plant immune system, orchestrating a symphony of defense that challenges traditional notions of plant-pathogen interactions. The journey through the various mechanisms employed by these enigmatic endophytes to combat diseases, will lead to revelational understanding of sustainable agriculture. The review delves into cutting-edge research and promising prospects, shedding light on how fungal endophytes hold the key to biocontrol and the reduction of chemical inputs in agriculture. Their ecological significance, potential for bioprospecting and avenues for future research are also explored. This exploration of the biocontrol mechanisms of fungal endophytes promise not only to enrich our comprehension of plant-microbe relationships but also, to shape the future of sustainable and ecofriendly agricultural practices. In this intricate web of life, fungal endophytes are indeed the unsung heroes, silently guarding our crops and illuminating a path towards a greener, healthier tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shafaq Rasool
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Liu Z, Li W, Zhang P, Sun Y, Yin WB. Heterologous production of bioactive xenoacremone analogs in Aspergillus nidulans. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:436-442. [PMID: 37407174 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine-decahydrofluorene derivatives are a class of hybrid compounds that integrate the properties of polyketides and nonribosomal peptides. These compounds feature a [6.5.6] tricarbocyclic core and a para-cyclophane ether moiety in their structures and exhibit anti-tumor and anti-microbial activities. In this study, we constructed the biosynthetic pathway of xenoacremones from Xenoacremonium sinensis ML-31 in the Aspergillus nidulans host, resulting in the identification of four novel tyrosine-decahydrofluorene analogs, xenoacremones I-L (1-4), along with two known analogs, xenoacremones A and B. Remarkably, compounds 3 and 4 contained a 12-membered para-cyclophane ring system, which is unprecedented among tyrosine-decahydrofluorene analogs in X. sinensis. The successful reconstruction of the biosynthetic pathway and the discovery of novel analogs demonstrate the utility of heterologous expression strategy for the generation of structurally diverse natural products with potential biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Perera RH, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Bundhun D, Camporesi E, Akulov A, Liu JK, Liu ZY. Profile of Bionectriaceae, Calcarisporiaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae fam. nov., Stromatonectriaceae fam. nov. and Xanthonectriaceae fam. nov. FUNGAL DIVERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-022-00512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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6
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Recent Advances in Using Natural Antibacterial Additives in Bioactive Wound Dressings. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020644. [PMID: 36839966 PMCID: PMC10004169 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound care is a global health issue with a financial burden of up to US $96.8 billion annually in the USA alone. Chronic non-healing wounds which show delayed and incomplete healing are especially problematic. Although there are more than 3000 dressing types in the wound management market, new developments in more efficient wound dressings will require innovative approaches such as embedding antibacterial additives into wound-dressing materials. The lack of novel antibacterial agents and the misuse of current antibiotics have caused an increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which is estimated to cause 10 million deaths by 2050 worldwide. These ongoing challenges clearly indicate an urgent need for developing new antibacterial additives in wound dressings targeting microbial pathogens. Natural products and their derivatives have long been a significant source of pharmaceuticals against AMR. Scrutinising the data of newly approved drugs has identified plants as one of the biggest and most important sources in the development of novel antibacterial drugs. Some of the plant-based antibacterial additives, such as essential oils and plant extracts, have been previously used in wound dressings; however, there is another source of plant-derived antibacterial additives, i.e., those produced by symbiotic endophytic fungi, that show great potential in wound dressing applications. Endophytes represent a novel, natural, and sustainable source of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications, including as efficient antibacterial additives for chronic wound dressings. This review examines and appraises recent developments in bioactive wound dressings that incorporate natural products as antibacterial agents as well as advances in endophyte research that show great potential in treating chronic wounds.
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Shabana YM, Ghoneem KM, Rashad YM, Arafat NS, Fitt BDL, Richard B, Qi A. Distribution and Biodiversity of Seed-Borne Pathogenic and Toxigenic Fungi of Maize in Egypt and Their Correlations with Weather Variables. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11182347. [PMID: 36145747 PMCID: PMC9506050 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the biodiversity of plant pathogenic and toxigenic fungi are attracting great attention to improve the predictability of their epidemics and the development of their control programs. Two hundred maize grain samples were gathered from 25 maize-growing governorates in Egypt and 189 samples were processed for the isolation and identification of seed-borne fungal microbiome. Twenty-six fungal genera comprising 42 species were identified according to their morphological characteristics and ITS DNA sequence analysis. Occurrence and biodiversity indicators of these fungal species were calculated. Ustilago maydis, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp. and Fusarium verticillioides were the highly frequent (>90% for each), recording the highest relative abundance (˃50%). Al-Menia governorate showed the highest species diversity and richness, followed by Sohag, Al-Nobaria and New Valley governorates. Correlations of 18 fungal species with temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and solar radiation were analyzed using canonical correspondence analysis. Results showed that relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed, respectively, were the most impactful weather variables. However, the occurrence and distribution of these fungi were not clearly grouped into the distinctive climatic regions in which maize crops are grown. Monitoring the occurrence and distribution of the fungal pathogens of maize grains in Egypt will play an important role in predicting their outbreaks and developing appropriate future management strategies. The findings in this study may be useful to other maize-growing countries that have similar climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser M. Shabana
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Khalid M. Ghoneem
- Department of Seed Pathology Research, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt
| | - Younes M. Rashad
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal S. Arafat
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Bruce D. L. Fitt
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Hertfordsire, UK
| | - Benjamin Richard
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Hertfordsire, UK
| | - Aiming Qi
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Hertfordsire, UK
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Gloer JB, Naumann TA, O'Donnell K. Donald Thomas Wicklow, 1940-2021: Distinguished fungal ecologist and model scientist. Mycologia 2022. [PMID: 36044684 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2108977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James B Gloer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294
| | - Todd A Naumann
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University, Peoria, Illinois 61604-3999
| | - Kerry O'Donnell
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University, Peoria, Illinois 61604-3999
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Liu Q, Johnson LJ, Applegate ER, Arfmann K, Jauregui R, Larking A, Mace WJ, Maclean P, Walker T, Johnson RD. Identification of Genetic Diversity, Pyrrocidine-Producing Strains and Transmission Modes of Endophytic Sarocladium zeae Fungi from Zea Crops. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071415. [PMID: 35889134 PMCID: PMC9316807 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used to reveal the inherent genetic variation within the haploid fungi Sarocladium zeae isolated from diverse Zea germplasm, including modern Zea mays and its wild progenitors—the teosintes. In accordance with broad host relationship parameters, GBS analysis revealed significant host lineages of S. zeae genetic diversity, indicating that S. zeae genetic variation may associate with different evolutionary histories of host species or varieties. Based on a recently identified PKS-NRPS gene responsible for pyrrocidine biosynthesis in S. zeae fungi, a novel PCR assay was developed to discriminate pyrrocidine-producing S. zeae strains. This molecular method for screening bioactive strains of S. zeae is complementary to other approaches, such as chemical analyses. An eGFP-labelled S. zeae strain was also developed to investigate the endophytic transmission of S. zeae in Z. mays seedlings, which has further improved our understanding of the transmission modes of S. zeae endophytes in maize tissues.
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10
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Saied EM, El-Maradny YA, Osman AA, Darwish AMG, Abo Nahas HH, Niedbała G, Piekutowska M, Abdel-Rahman MA, Balbool BA, Abdel-Azeem AM. A Comprehensive Review about the Molecular Structure of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Insights into Natural Products against COVID-19. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1759. [PMID: 34834174 PMCID: PMC8624722 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the world suffered from the emergence of COVID-19 infection, one of the most difficult pandemics in recent history. Millions of confirmed deaths from this pandemic have been reported worldwide. This disaster was caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is the last discovered member of the family of Coronaviridae. Various studies have shown that natural compounds have effective antiviral properties against coronaviruses by inhibiting multiple viral targets, including spike proteins and viral enzymes. This review presents the classification and a detailed explanation of the SARS-CoV-2 molecular characteristics and structure-function relationships. We present all currently available crystal structures of different SARS-CoV-2 proteins and emphasized on the crystal structure of different virus proteins and the binding modes of their ligands. This review also discusses the various therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 treatment and available vaccinations. In addition, we highlight and compare the existing data about natural compounds extracted from algae, fungi, plants, and scorpion venom that were used as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we discuss the repurposing of select approved therapeutic agents that have been used in the treatment of other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa M. Saied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yousra A. El-Maradny
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt;
| | - Alaa A. Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Newgiza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo 12256, Egypt;
| | - Amira M. G. Darwish
- Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Hebatallah H. Abo Nahas
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (H.H.A.N.); (M.A.A.-R.)
| | - Gniewko Niedbała
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 50, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Piekutowska
- Department of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Partyzantów 27, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdel-Rahman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (H.H.A.N.); (M.A.A.-R.)
| | - Bassem A. Balbool
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza 12585, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Fei X, Lina W, Jiayang C, Meng F, Guodong W, Yaping Y, Langjun C. Variations of microbial community in Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. rhizosphere soilin a short-term continuous cropping system. J Microbiol 2021; 59:481-490. [PMID: 33779961 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. (Ranunculaceae) is a potential source of an important herbal drug named "Fuzi", which is derived from the lateral root of the plant. Increased therapeutic usage resulted in the great demand for artificial cultivation of A. carmichaeli, however, the obstacles caused by continuous cropping is a serious problem. Continuous cropping has shown to affect the soil biological and non-biological factors. The current study attempted to discover the variations of microbial communities and soil properties in short-term continuous cropping of A. carmichaeli. An experimental procedure with A. carmichaeli planted two years continuously was established. The variation of the soil microbial community, disease incidence, soil properties, and the correlation between soil microbe and disease incidence were investigated. The disease incidence increased during the continuous cropping of A. carmichaeli. The PCoA and LefSe results indicated that fungal communities in rhizosphere soil were altered during the short-term continuous croppingand the bacterial community was disturbed by the cultivation of A. carmichaeli, however, in the following two years of continuous cropping period, the soil bacterial community has not changed obviously. Proportions of some fungal and bacterial genera were varied significantly (p < 0.05), and some genera of microflora showed a significant correlation with adisease incidence of A. carmichaeli. Microorganisms contributing to community composition discrepancy were also elucidated. Continuous cropping of A. carmichaeli disturbed the rhizosphere soil microbial community and altered the soil chemical parameters and soil pH. These variations in soil may be related to the occurrence of plant diseases. The current study will not only provide theoretical and experimental evidence for the A. carmichaeli continuous cropping obstacles but will also contribute to A. carmichaeli agricultural production and soil improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Fei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'An, 710021, China
| | - Wang Lina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Chen Jiayang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Fu Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Wang Guodong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Yan Yaping
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Cui Langjun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
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12
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Ohashi M, Kakule TB, Tang MC, Jamieson CS, Liu M, Zhao YL, Houk KN, Tang Y. Biosynthesis of para-Cyclophane-Containing Hirsutellone Family of Fungal Natural Products. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5605-5609. [PMID: 33834778 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hirsutellones are fungal natural products containing a macrocyclic para-cyclophane connected to a decahydrofluorene ring system. We have elucidated the biosynthetic pathway for pyrrocidine B (3) and GKK1032 A2 (4). Two small hypothetical proteins, an oxidoreductase and a lipocalin-like protein, function cooperatively in the oxidative cyclization of the cyclophane, while an additional hypothetical protein in the pyrrocidine pathway catalyzes the exo-specific cycloaddition to form the cis-fused decahydrofluorene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yi-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, MOE-LSB and MOE-LSC, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Błaszczyk L, Waśkiewicz A, Gromadzka K, Mikołajczak K, Chełkowski J. Sarocladium and Lecanicillium Associated with Maize Seeds and Their Potential to Form Selected Secondary Metabolites. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010098. [PMID: 33451141 PMCID: PMC7828580 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and diversity of Lecanicillium and Sarocladium in maize seeds and their role in this cereal are poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate Sarocladium and Lecanicillium communities found in endosphere of maize seeds collected from fields in Poland and their potential to form selected bioactive substances. The sequencing of the internally transcribed spacer regions 1 (ITS 1) and 2 (ITS2) and the large-subunit (LSU, 28S) of the rRNA gene cluster resulted in the identification of 17 Sarocladium zeae strains, three Sarocladium strictum and five Lecanicillium lecanii isolates. The assay on solid substrate showed that S. zeae and S. strictum can synthesize bassianolide, vertilecanin A, vertilecanin A methyl ester, 2-decenedioic acid and 10-hydroxy-8-decenoic acid. This is also the first study revealing the ability of these two species to produce beauvericin and enniatin B1, respectively. Moreover, for the first time in the present investigation, pyrrocidine A and/or B have been annotated as metabolites of S. strictum and L. lecanii. The production of toxic, insecticidal and antibacterial compounds in cultures of S. strictum, S. zeae and L. lecanii suggests the requirement to revise the approach to study the biological role of fungi inhabiting maize seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Błaszczyk
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (K.M.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-65-50-272
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (A.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Karolina Gromadzka
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland; (A.W.); (K.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Mikołajczak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (K.M.); (J.C.)
| | - Jerzy Chełkowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (K.M.); (J.C.)
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14
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Extremophilic Fungi and Their Role in Control of Pathogenic Microbes. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Pyrrocidine, a molecular off switch for fumonisin biosynthesis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008595. [PMID: 32628727 PMCID: PMC7377494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarocladium zeae is a fungal endophyte of maize and can be found co-inhabiting a single seed with Fusarium verticillioides, a major mycotoxigenic food safety threat. S. zeae produces pyrrocidines A and B that inhibit the growth of F. verticillioides and may limit its spread within the seed to locations lacking S. zeae. Although coinhabiting single seeds, the fungi are generally segregated in separate tissues. To understand F. verticillioides' protective physiological response to pyrrocidines we sequenced the F. verticillioides transcriptome upon exposure to purified pyrrocidine A or B at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Through this work we identified a F. verticillioides locus FvABC3 (FVEG_11089) encoding a transporter critical for resistance to pyrrocidine. We also identified FvZBD1 (FVEG_00314), a gene directly adjacent to the fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster that was induced several thousand-fold in response to pyrrocidines. FvZBD1 is postulated to act as a genetic repressor of fumonisin production since deletion of the gene resulted in orders of magnitude increase in fumonisin. Further, pyrrocidine acts, likely through FvZBD1, to shut off fumonisin biosynthesis. This suggests that S. zeae is able to hack the secondary metabolic program of a competitor fungus, perhaps as preemptive self-protection, in this case impacting a mycotoxin of central concern for food safety.
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16
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Bonanomi G, Alioto D, Minutolo M, Marra R, Cesarano G, Vinale F. Organic Amendments Modulate Soil Microbiota and Reduce Virus Disease Incidence in the TSWV-Tomato Pathosystem. Pathogens 2020; 9:E379. [PMID: 32423086 PMCID: PMC7281679 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of organic amendments is considered an eco-friendly practice to promote soil fertility and suppressiveness against a wide range of soil-borne pathogens. However, limited information is available about the capabilities of organic amendments to control virus disease. In this study, the suppressiveness of different organic amendments (i.e., compost manure, biochar, alfalfa straw, and glucose) was determined against the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) on tomato plants in a 1-year-long mesocosm experiment. Organic treatments were compared to the ordinary soil management based on mineral fertilizers and fumigation. Tomato seedlings were inoculated with TSWV and the infection and symptoms were assessed three weeks later. The disease incidence was higher in soil treated with mineral fertilizers and fumigation (> 80%) compared to the application of organic amendments, with alfalfa straw and biochar recording the lowest incidence (< 40%). Moreover, soil microbiota structure and diversity were assessed by high-throughput sequencing of bacterial and eukaryotic rRNA gene markers. Several members belonging to the bacterial phyla of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, as well as members of the fungal genus Acremonium, were positively associated with plant health. This study showed that conventional practices, by shifting microbiome composition, may increase TSWV incidence and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (D.A.); (M.M.); (G.C.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Alioto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (D.A.); (M.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Minutolo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (D.A.); (M.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Roberta Marra
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (D.A.); (M.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Gaspare Cesarano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (D.A.); (M.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy;
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
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17
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Kerdraon L, Barret M, Laval V, Suffert F. Differential dynamics of microbial community networks help identify microorganisms interacting with residue-borne pathogens: the case of Zymoseptoria tritici in wheat. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:125. [PMID: 31470910 PMCID: PMC6717385 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat residues are a crucial determinant of the epidemiology of Septoria tritici blotch, as they support the sexual reproduction of the causal agent Zymoseptoria tritici. We aimed to characterize the effect of infection with this fungal pathogen on the microbial communities present on wheat residues and to identify microorganisms interacting with it. We used metabarcoding to characterize the microbiome associated with wheat residues placed outdoors, with and without preliminary Z. tritici inoculation, comparing the first set of residues in contact with the soil and a second set without contact with the soil, on four sampling dates in two consecutive years. RESULTS The diversity of the tested conditions, leading to the establishment of different microbial communities according to the origins of the constitutive taxa (plant only, or plant and soil), highlighted the effect of Z. tritici on the wheat residue microbiome. Several microorganisms were affected by Z. tritici infection, even after the disappearance of the pathogen. Linear discriminant analyses and ecological network analyses were combined to describe the communities affected by the infection. The number of fungi and bacteria promoted or inhibited by inoculation with Z. tritici decreased over time and was smaller for residues in contact with the soil. The interactions between the pathogen and other microorganisms appeared to be mostly indirect, despite the strong position of the pathogen as a keystone taxon in networks. Direct interactions with other members of the communities mostly involved fungi, including other wheat pathogens. Our results provide essential information about the alterations to the microbial community in wheat residues induced by the mere presence of a fungal pathogen, and vice versa. Species already described as beneficial or biocontrol agents were found to be affected by pathogen inoculation. CONCLUSIONS The strategy developed here can be viewed as a proof-of-concept focusing on crop residues as a particularly rich ecological compartment, with a high diversity of fungal and bacterial taxa originating from both the plant and soil compartments, and for Z. tritici-wheat as a model pathosystem. By revealing putative antagonistic interactions, this study paves the way for improving the biological control of residue-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Kerdraon
- UMR BIOGER, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | - Matthieu Barret
- UMR IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université d'Angers, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Valérie Laval
- UMR BIOGER, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Frédéric Suffert
- UMR BIOGER, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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Singh K, Dwivedi GR, Sanket AS, Pati S. Therapeutic Potential of Endophytic Compounds: A Special Reference to Drug Transporter Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:754-783. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190412095105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From the discovery to the golden age of antibiotics (miracle), millions of lives have been saved. The era of negligence towards chemotherapeutic agents gave birth to drug resistance. Among all the regulators of drug resistance, drug transporters are considered to be the key regulators for multidrug resistance. These transporters are prevalent from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Endophytes are one of the unexplored wealths of nature. Endophytes are a model mutualistic partner of plants. They are the reservoir of novel therapeutics. The present review deals with endophytes as novel drug resistance reversal agents by inhibiting the drug transporters across the genera. This review also focuses on drug transporters, and mutualistic chemical diversity, exploring drug transporter modulating potential of endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khusbu Singh
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Gaurav Raj Dwivedi
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - A. Swaroop Sanket
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
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19
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Production of Fungal Phytases from Agroindustrial Byproducts for Pig Diets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9256. [PMID: 31239509 PMCID: PMC6592943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of phytases for animal feed in developing countries is limited due to the high cost of these enzymes, determined by the importation fees and the expensive substrates used for their production. In this work, we have used agroindustrial byproducts for the production of extracts containing phytases, which were accessed for their stability focusing on the conditions found in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. The fungus Acremonim zeae presented higher phytase production in medium containing cornmeal, while the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus produced 10-fold more phytase when cultivated on rice bran. Process optimization increased the difference in productivity to more than 300 fold. The phytase from A. zeae was thermostable, with higher activity at neutral pH and 50 °C, but was inhibited at pH 2.5 and by various ions. The phytase activity in the K. marxianus extract was stable at a wide range of conditions, which indicates the presence of at least two enzymes. As far as we know, this manuscript describes for the first time the phytase production and the characteristics of the extracts produced by both these microbial species. These enzymes could be produced at low cost and have potential to replace enzymes currently imported for this purpose.
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Cobo-Díaz JF, Baroncelli R, Le Floch G, Picot A. Combined Metabarcoding and Co-occurrence Network Analysis to Profile the Bacterial, Fungal and Fusarium Communities and Their Interactions in Maize Stalks. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:261. [PMID: 30833940 PMCID: PMC6387940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating diseases of cereals worldwide, threatening both crop production by affecting cereal grain development, and human and animal health by contaminating grains with mycotoxins. Despite that maize residues constitute the primary source of inoculum for Fusarium pathogenic species, the structure and diversity of Fusarium spp. and microbial communities in maize residues have received much less attention than in grains. In this study, a metabarcoding approach was used to study the bacterial, fungal and Fusarium communities encountered in maize stalks collected from 8 fields in Brittany, France, after maize harvest during fall 2015. Some predominant genera found in maize residues were cereal or maize pathogens, such as the fungal Fusarium, Acremonium, and Phoma genera, and the bacterial Pseudomonas and Erwinia genera. Furthermore, a high predominance of genera with previously reported biocontrol activity was found, including the bacterial Sphingomonas, Pedobacter, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Janthinobacterium genera; and the fungal Epicoccum, Articulospora, Exophiala, and Sarocladium genera. Among Fusarium spp., F. graminearum and F. avenaceum were dominant. We also found that the maize cultivar and previous crop could influence the structure of microbial communities. Using SparCC co-occurrence network analysis, significant negative correlations were obtained between Fusarium spp. responsible for FHB (including F. graminearum and F. avenaceum) and bacterial OTUs classified as Sphingomonas and fungal OTUs classified as Sarocladium and Epicoccum. Considering that isolates belonging to these taxa have already been associated with antagonist effect against different Fusarium spp. and/or other pathogenic microorganisms and due to their predominance and negative associations with Fusarium spp., they may be good candidates as biocontrol agents. Combining the use of Fusarium-specific primers with universal primers for bacteria and fungi allowed us to study the microbial communities, but also to track correlations between Fusarium spp. and other bacterial and fungal genera, using co-occurrence network analysis. Such approach could be a useful tool as part of a screening strategy for novel antagonist candidates against toxigenic Fusarium spp., allowing the selection of taxa of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Cobo-Díaz
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Plouzané, France
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gaétan Le Floch
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Plouzané, France
| | - Adeline Picot
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Plouzané, France
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21
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Song T, Chen M, Ge ZW, Chai W, Li XC, Zhang Z, Lian XY. Bioactive Penicipyrrodiether A, an Adduct of GKK1032 Analogue and Phenol A Derivative, from a Marine-Sourced Fungus Penicillium sp. ZZ380. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13395-13401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Song
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, P. R. China
| | - Mengxuan Chen
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, P. R. China
| | | | - Weiyun Chai
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Zhizhen Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhoushan Campus, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, P. R. China
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22
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Adeniji AA, Babalola OO. Tackling maize fusariosis: in search of Fusarium graminearum biosuppressors. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:1239-1255. [PMID: 29934785 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review presents biocontrol agents employed to alleviate the deleterious effect of the pathogen Fusarium graminearum on maize. The control of this mycotoxigenic phytopathogen remains elusive despite the elaborate research conducted on its detection, identification, and molecular fingerprinting. This could be attributed to the fact that in vitro and greenhouse biocontrol studies on F. graminearum have exceeded the number of field studies done. Furthermore, along with the variances seen among these F. graminearum suppressing biocontrol strains, it is also clear that the majority of research done to tackle F. graminearum outbreaks was on wheat and barley cultivars. Most fusariosis management related to maize targeted other members of Fusarium such as Fusarium verticillioides, with biocontrol strains from the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas being used frequently in the experiments. We highlight relevant current techniques needed to identify an effective biofungicide for maize fusariosis and recommend alternative approaches to reduce the scarcity of data for indigenous maize field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetomiwa Ayodele Adeniji
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
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23
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Caruano J, Muccioli GG, Robiette R. Biologically active γ-lactams: synthesis and natural sources. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:10134-10156. [PMID: 27748489 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01349j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The γ-lactam moiety is present in a large number of natural and non-natural biologically active compounds. The range of biological activities covered by these compounds is very broad. Functionalized γ-lactams are thus of high interest and have great potential in medicinal chemistry. This review provides a description of the title compounds by focusing on their synthesis, natural sources and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caruano
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. and Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier 73 box B1.72.01, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G G Muccioli
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier 73 box B1.72.01, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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24
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Funnell-Harris DL, Scully ED, Sattler SE, French RC, O'Neill PM, Pedersen JF. Differences in Fusarium Species in brown midrib Sorghum and in Air Populations in Production Fields. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:1353-1363. [PMID: 28686087 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-16-0316-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several Fusarium spp. cause sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grain mold, resulting in deterioration and mycotoxin production in the field and during storage. Fungal isolates from the air (2005 to 2006) and from leaves and grain from wild-type and brown midrib (bmr)-6 and bmr12 plants (2002 to 2003) were collected from two locations. Compared with the wild type, bmr plants have reduced lignin content, altered cell wall composition, and different levels of phenolic intermediates. Multilocus maximum-likelihood analysis identified two Fusarium thapsinum operational taxonomic units (OTU). One was identified at greater frequency in grain and leaves of bmr and wild-type plants but was infrequently detected in air. Nine F. graminearum OTU were identified: one was detected at low levels in grain and leaves while the rest were only detected in air. Wright's F statistic (FST) indicated that Fusarium air populations differentiated between locations during crop anthesis but did not differ during vegetative growth, grain development, and maturity. FST also indicated that Fusarium populations from wild-type grain were differentiated from those in bmr6 or bmr12 grain at one location but, at the second location, populations from wild-type and bmr6 grain were more similar. Thus, impairing monolignol biosynthesis substantially effected Fusarium populations but environment had a strong influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Funnell-Harris
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Erin D Scully
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Scott E Sattler
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Roy C French
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Patrick M O'Neill
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
| | - Jeffrey F Pedersen
- First, fourth, and fifth authors: Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit (WSFRU), United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 251 Filley Hall, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska (UNL), Lincoln 68583-0937; second author: Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit, USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan 66502; and third and sixth authors: WSFRU, USDA-ARS, Departments of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL
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25
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Xu Q, Zhang MM, Yana SZ, Cao LF, Lia Q, Lin J, Chen SL. Two Dibenzoquinones from the Fungus Acremonium cavaraeanum. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two symmetrical dibenzoquinone derivatives were isolated from solid cultures of the fungus Acremonium cavaraeanum. Compound 1 was new and identified as 2,7-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-9 H-xanthene-1,4,5,8-tetraone. Compound 2 was 3,3’,6,6’-tetrahydroxy-4,4’-dimethyl-1,1’-bi- p-benzoquinone, i.e. oosporein, which was reported from A. cavaraeanum for the first time. The structure of the dibenzoquinone (1) was unambiguously elucidated using a combination of MS, IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR, and the dibenzoquinone (2) was further determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Yana
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lu-Fen Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiang Lia
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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26
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Yao YQ, Lan F, Qiao YM, Wei JG, Huang RS, Li LB. Endophytic fungi harbored in the root of Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep: Diversity and biocontrol potential against phytopathogens. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6:e00437. [PMID: 28299913 PMCID: PMC5458465 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This work, for the first time, investigated the diversity of endophytic fungi harbored in the xylem and phloem of the root of Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep from three geographic localities with emphasis on the influence of the tissue type and geographic locality on endophytic fungal communities and their potential as biocontrol agents against phytopathogens of Panax notoginseng. A total of 655 fungal strains representing 47 taxa were isolated. Forty-two taxa (89.4%) were identified but not five taxa (10.6%) according to morphology and molecular phylogenetics. Out of identifiable taxa, the majority of endophyte taxa were Ascomycota (76.6%), followed by Basidiomycota (8.5%) and Zygomycota (4.3%). The alpha-diversity indices indicated that the species diversity of endophytic fungal community harbored in the root of S. tonkinensis was very high. The colonization and species diversity of endophytic fungal communities were significantly influenced by the geographic locality but not tissue type. The geographic locality and tissue type had great effects on the species composition of endophytic fungal communities. Forty-seven respective strains were challenged by three fungal phytopathogens of P. notoginseng and six strains exhibited significant inhibitory activity. It was noteworthy that endophytic Rhexocercosporidium sp. and F. solani strongly inhibited pathogenic F. solani and other fungal phytopathogens of P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qun Yao
- College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
- School of MedicineGuangxi University of Science and TechnologyLiuzhouChina
| | - Fang Lan
- College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Yun Ming Qiao
- College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Ji Guang Wei
- College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
| | | | - Liang Bo Li
- College of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanningChina
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27
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Potshangbam M, Devi SI, Sahoo D, Strobel GA. Functional Characterization of Endophytic Fungal Community Associated with Oryza sativa L. and Zea mays L. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:325. [PMID: 28303127 PMCID: PMC5332368 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a natural ecosystem, the plant is in a symbiotic relationship with beneficial endophytes contributing huge impact on its host plant. Therefore, exploring beneficial endophytes and understanding its interaction is a prospective area of research. The present work aims to characterize the fungal endophytic communities associated with healthy maize and rice plants and to study the deterministic factors influencing plant growth and biocontrol properties against phytopathogens, viz, Pythium ultimum, Sclerotium oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pyricularia oryzae. A total of 123 endophytic fungi was isolated using the culture-dependent approach from different tissue parts of the plant. Most dominating fungal endophyte associated with both the crops belong to genus Fusarium, Sarocladium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium and their occurrence was not tissue specific. The isolates were screened for in vitro plant growth promotion, stress tolerance, disease suppressive mechanisms and based on the results, each culture from both the cereal crops was selected for further study. Acremonium sp. (ENF 31) and Penicillium simplicisssum (ENF22), isolated from maize and rice respectively could potentially inhibit the growth of all the tested pathogens with 46.47 ± 0.16 mm to 60.09 ± 0.04 mm range zone of inhibition for ENF31 and 35.48 ± 0.14 to 62.29 ± 0.15 mm for ENF22. Both significantly produce the defensive enzymes, ENF31 could tolerate a wide range of pH from 2 to 12, very important criteria, for studying plant growth in different soil types, especially acidic as it is widely prevalent here, making more land unsuitable for cultivation. ENF22 grows in pH range 3–12, with 10% salt tolerating ability, another factor of consideration. Study of root colonization during 7th to 30th days of growth phase reveals that ENF31 could colonize pleasantly in rice, though a maize origin, ranging from 1.02 to 1.21 log10 CFU/g root and in maize, it steadily colonizes ranging from 0.95 to 1.18 log10 CFU, while ENF22 could colonize from 0.98 to 1.24 Log10CFU/g root in rice and 1.01 to 1.24Log10CFU/g root in maize, just the reverse observed in Acremonium sp. Therefore, both the organism has the potency of a promising Bio-resource agent, that we must definitely explore to fill the gap in the agriculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momota Potshangbam
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development Imphal, India
| | - S Indira Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development Imphal, India
| | - Dinabandhu Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbial Resources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development Imphal, India
| | - Gary A Strobel
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Montana State University Bozeman, MT, USA
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28
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Ikenaga M, Tabuchi M, Kawauchi T, Sakai M. Application of Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) Primer and PCR Clamping by LNA Oligonucleotide to Enhance the Amplification of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Regions in Investigating the Community Structures of Plant-Associated Fungi. Microbes Environ 2016; 31:339-48. [PMID: 27600711 PMCID: PMC5017812 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me16085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous extraction of host plant DNA severely limits investigations of the community structures of plant-associated fungi due to the similar homologies of sequences in primer-annealing positions between fungi and host plants. Although fungal-specific primers have been designed, plant DNA continues to be excessively amplified by PCR, resulting in the underestimation of community structures. In order to overcome this limitation, locked nucleic acid (LNA) primers and PCR clamping by LNA oligonucleotides have been applied to enhance the amplification of fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. LNA primers were designed by converting DNA into LNA, which is specific to fungi, at the forward primer side. LNA oligonucleotides, the sequences of which are complementary to the host plants, were designed by overlapping a few bases with the annealing position of the reverse primer. Plant-specific DNA was then converted into LNA at the shifted position from the 3' end of the primer-binding position. PCR using the LNA technique enhanced the amplification of fungal ITS regions, whereas those of the host plants were more likely to be amplified without the LNA technique. A denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis displayed patterns that reached an acceptable level for investigating the community structures of plant-associated fungi using the LNA technique. The sequences of the bands detected using the LNA technique were mostly affiliated with known isolates. However, some sequences showed low similarities, indicating the potential to identify novel fungi. Thus, the application of the LNA technique is considered effective for widening the scope of community analyses of plant-associated fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ikenaga
- Research Field in Agriculture, Agriculture Fisheries and Veterinary Medicine Area, Kagoshima University
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29
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Falade TDO, Syed Mohdhamdan SH, Sultanbawa Y, Fletcher MT, Harvey JJW, Chaliha M, Fox GP. In vitro experimental environments lacking or containing soil disparately affect competition experiments of Aspergillus flavus and co-occurring fungi in maize grains. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1241-53. [PMID: 27264786 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1198048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In vitro experimental environments are used to study interactions between microorganisms, and to predict dynamics in natural ecosystems. This study highlights that experimental in vitro environments should be selected to match closely the natural environment of interest during in vitro studies to strengthen extrapolations about aflatoxin production by Aspergillus and competing organisms. Fungal competition and aflatoxin accumulation were studied in soil, cotton wool or tube (water-only) environments, for Aspergillus flavus competition with Penicillium purpurogenum, Fusarium oxysporum or Sarocladium zeae within maize grains. Inoculated grains were incubated in each environment at two temperature regimes (25 and 30°C). Competition experiments showed interaction between the main effects of aflatoxin accumulation and the environment at 25°C, but not so at 30°C. However, competition experiments showed fungal populations were always interacting with their environments. Fungal survival differed after the 72-h incubation in different experimental environments. Whereas all fungi incubated within the soil environment survived, in the cotton wool environment none of the competitors of A. flavus survived at 30°C. With aflatoxin accumulation, F. oxysporum was the only fungus able to interdict aflatoxin production at both temperatures. This occurred only in the soil environment and fumonisins accumulated instead. Smallholder farmers in developing countries face serious mycotoxin contamination of their grains, and soil is a natural reservoir for the associated fungal propagules, and a drying and storage surface for grains on these farms. Studying fungal dynamics in the soil environment and other environments in vitro can provide insights into aflatoxin accumulation post-harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilayo D O Falade
- a Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | | | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- a Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Mary T Fletcher
- a Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Jagger J W Harvey
- a Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,c Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa , International Livestock Research Institute Hub , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - Mridusmita Chaliha
- d Department of Agriculture , Fisheries and Forestry , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Glen P Fox
- a Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
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30
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Uesugi S, Fujisawa N, Yoshida J, Watanabe M, Dan S, Yamori T, Shiono Y, Kimura KI. Pyrrocidine A, a metabolite of endophytic fungi, has a potent apoptosis-inducing activity against HL60 cells through caspase activation via the Michael addition. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2015; 69:133-40. [PMID: 26506860 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrocidine A is a known antimicrobial compound produced by endophytic fungi and has a unique 13-membered macrocyclic alkaloid structure with an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group. We have previously reported that pyrrocidine A shows potent cytotoxicity against human acute promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells, and the activity is 70-fold higher than that of pyrrocidine B which is the analog lacking the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group. Pyrrocidine A induced nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation and caspase activation in HL60 cells. Since the DNA fragmentation was suppressed by pretreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp (OMe) fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk), caspase-mediated apoptosis contributes to pyrrocidine A-induced cytotoxicity. JFCR39 human cancer cells panel indicated that the mechanism of action of pyrrocidine A is different from other clinical anticancer drugs, and this compound broadly inhibited the growth of various cancer cell lines. The apoptosis induction by pyrrocidine A was suppressed by both N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and glutathione, both of which are thiol-containing antioxidants. Furthermore, pyrrocidine A directly bound to N-acetyl-l-cysteine methyl ester (NACM) through the Michael-type addition at the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group and was detected by HPLC and liquid chromatography-ESI-tandem MS (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analyses. This indicates that this moiety is crucial for the potent apoptosis-inducing activity of pyrrocidine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Uesugi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Nozomi Fujisawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshida
- Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Watanabe
- National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region (NARCT), Iwate, Japan
| | - Shingo Dan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Yamori
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Product Evaluation, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Device Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ken-ichi Kimura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan.,Graduate School of Agriculture, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
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31
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Johnson ET, Evans KO, Dowd PF. Antifungal Activity of a Synthetic Cationic Peptide against the Plant Pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola and Three Fusarium Species. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 31:316-321. [PMID: 26361481 PMCID: PMC4564158 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.04.2015.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A small cationic peptide (JH8944) was tested for activity against a number of pathogens of agricultural crops. JH8944 inhibited conidium growth in most of the tested plant pathogens with a dose of 50 μg/ml, although one isolate of Fusarium oxysporum was inhibited at 5 μg/ml of JH8944. Most conidia of Fusarium graminearum were killed within 6 hours of treatment with 50 μg/ml of JH8944. Germinating F. graminearum conidia required 238 μg/ml of JH8944 for 90% growth inhibition. The peptide did not cause any damage to tissues surrounding maize leaf punctures when tested at a higher concentration of 250 μg/ml even after 3 days. Liposomes consisting of phosphatidylglycerol were susceptible to leakage after treatment with 25 and 50 μg/ml of JH8944. These experiments suggest this peptide destroys fungal membrane integrity and could be utilized for control of crop fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Johnson
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604-3902,
USA
| | - Kervin O. Evans
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604-3902,
USA
| | - Patrick F. Dowd
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604-3902,
USA
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32
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Zhang QH, Tian L, Sun ZL, Fang S, Cai GL, Wang YJ, Pei YH. Two new secondary metabolites from the marine-derived fungus Nigrospora sphaerica. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2015; 17:497-503. [PMID: 25798885 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1009899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two new secondary metabolites, (2S)-5-acetamidopentyl-2-hydroxypropanoate (1) and 2, 5, 7-trihydroxy-4-(3'-methylbut-2'-en-1'-yl) oxy-2H-naphtho [1, 8-b c] furan-9-one (2) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Nigrospora sphaerica. The structures were established on the basis of their spectroscopic data, including 1D NMR and 2D NMR, HR-TOF-MS, and the absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined by the Mosher method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hui Zhang
- a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
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33
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Planchamp C, Glauser G, Mauch-Mani B. Root inoculation with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 induces transcriptional and metabolic changes and systemic resistance in maize plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 5:719. [PMID: 25628626 PMCID: PMC4292437 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (KT2440) rhizobacteria colonize a wide range of plants. They have been extensively studied for their capacity to adhere to maize seeds, to tolerate toxic secondary metabolites produced by maize roots and to be attracted by maize roots. However, the response of maize plants to KT2440 colonization has not been investigated yet. Maize roots were inoculated with KT2440 and the local (roots) and systemic (leaves) early plant responses were investigated. The colonization behavior of KT2440 following application to maize seedlings was investigated and transcriptional analysis of stress- and defense-related genes as well as metabolite profiling of local and systemic maize tissues of KT2440-inoculated were performed. The local and systemic responses differed and more pronounced changes were observed in roots compared to leaves. Early in the interaction roots responded via jasmonic acid- and abscisic acid-dependent signaling. Interestingly, during later steps, the salicylic acid pathway was suppressed. Metabolite profiling revealed the importance of plant phospholipids in KT2440-maize interactions. An additional important maize secondary metabolite, a form of benzoxazinone, was also found to be differently abundant in roots 3 days after KT2440 inoculation. However, the transcriptional and metabolic changes observed in bacterized plants early during the interaction were minor and became even less pronounced with time, indicating an accommodation state of the plant to the presence of KT2440. Since the maize plants reacted to the presence of KT2440 in the rhizosphere, we also investigated the ability of these bacteria to trigger induced systemic resistance (ISR) against the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola. The observed resistance was expressed as strongly reduced leaf necrosis and fungal growth in infected bacterized plants compared to non-bacterized controls, showing the potential of KT2440 to act as resistance inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Planchamp
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gaetan Glauser
- Chemical Analytical Service of the Swiss Plant Science Web, University of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Mauch-Mani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel, Switzerland
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34
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Deshmukh SK, Verekar SA, Bhave SV. Endophytic fungi: a reservoir of antibacterials. Front Microbiol 2015; 5:715. [PMID: 25620957 PMCID: PMC4288058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug drug resistant bacteria are becoming increasingly problematic particularly in the under developed countries of the world. The most important microorganisms that have seen a geometric rise in numbers are Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium, Penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumonia and multiple drug resistant tubercule bacteria to name a just few. New drug scaffolds are essential to tackle this every increasing problem. These scaffolds can be sourced from nature itself. Endophytic fungi are an important reservoir of therapeutically active compounds. This review attempts to present some data relevant to the problem. New, very specific and effective antibiotics are needed but also at an affordable price! A Herculean task for researchers all over the world! In the Asian subcontinent indigenous therapeutics that has been practiced over the centuries such as Ayurveda have been effective as "handed down data" in family generations. May need a second, third and more "in-depth investigations?"
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Deshmukh
- Department of Natural Products, Piramal Enterprises LimitedMumbai, India
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35
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Ear A, Amand S, Blanchard F, Blond A, Dubost L, Buisson D, Nay B. Direct biosynthetic cyclization of a distorted paracyclophane highlighted by double isotopic labelling of l-tyrosine. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3662-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00114e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of pyrrocidines was investigated using a double (18O,13C) labelling of l-tyrosine. It shows that the phenolic 18O is incorporated during aryl ether bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Ear
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (joint unit UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN)
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Séverine Amand
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (joint unit UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN)
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Florent Blanchard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN
- CNRS)
- 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
- France
| | - Alain Blond
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (joint unit UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN)
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Lionel Dubost
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (joint unit UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN)
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Didier Buisson
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (joint unit UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN)
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Bastien Nay
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (joint unit UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN)
- 75005 Paris
- France
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36
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Abad ZG, Abad JA, Cacciola SO, Pane A, Faedda R, Moralejo E, Pérez-Sierra A, Abad-Campos P, Alvarez-Bernaola LA, Bakonyi J, Józsa A, Herrero ML, Burgess TI, Cunnington JH, Smith IW, Balci Y, Blomquist C, Henricot B, Denton G, Spies C, Mcleod A, Belbahri L, Cooke D, Kageyama K, Uematsu S, Kurbetli I, Değirmenci K. Phytophthora niederhauserii sp. nov., a polyphagous species associated with ornamentals, fruit trees and native plants in 13 countries. Mycologia 2014; 106:431-47. [PMID: 24871599 DOI: 10.3852/12-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A non-papillate, heterothallic Phytophthora species first isolated in 2001 and subsequently from symptomatic roots, crowns and stems of 33 plant species in 25 unrelated botanical families from 13 countries is formally described here as a new species. Symptoms on various hosts included crown and stem rot, chlorosis, wilting, leaf blight, cankers and gumming. This species was isolated from Australia, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, the United Kingdom and United States in association with shrubs and herbaceous ornamentals grown mainly in greenhouses. The most prevalent hosts are English ivy (Hedera helix) and Cistus (Cistus salvifolius). The association of the species with acorn banksia (Banksia prionotes) plants in natural ecosystems in Australia, in affected vineyards (Vitis vinifera) in South Africa and almond (Prunus dulcis) trees in Spain and Turkey in addition to infection of shrubs and herbaceous ornamentals in a broad range of unrelated families are a sign of a wide ecological adaptation of the species and its potential threat to agricultural and natural ecosystems. The morphology of the persistent non-papillate ellipsoid sporangia, unique toruloid lobate hyphal swellings and amphigynous antheridia does not match any of the described species. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the ITS rDNA, EF-1α, and β-tub supported that this organism is a hitherto unknown species. It is closely related to species in ITS clade 7b with the most closely related species being P. sojae. The name Phytophthora niederhauserii has been used in previous studies without the formal description of the holotype. This name is validated in this manuscript with the formal description of Phytophthora niederhauserii Z.G. Abad et J.A. Abad, sp. nov. The name is coined to honor Dr John S. Niederhauser, a notable plant pathologist and the 1990 World Food Prize laureate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gloria Abad
- United States Department of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T-CPHST, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Bldg. 580, BARC-E, Powder Mill Road, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| | - Jorge A Abad
- United States Department of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-FO-PGQP, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, Bldg. 580, BARC-E, Powder Mill Road, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| | - Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department of Agri-food and Environmental Systems Management-Plant Pathology section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Pane
- Department of Agri-food and Environmental Systems Management-Plant Pathology section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Faedda
- Department of Agri-food and Environmental Systems Management-Plant Pathology section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Eduardo Moralejo
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) Mycology Laboratory Miguel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Sierra
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n C.P. 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Abad-Campos
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n C.P. 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis A Alvarez-Bernaola
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n C.P. 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - József Bakonyi
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1022 Budapest, Herman Ottó 15, Hungary
| | - András Józsa
- Institute for Plant Protection, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, H-8360 Keszthely, Deák F. u. 57, Hungary
| | - Maria Luz Herrero
- Norwegian Institute for Agriculture and Environment Research, Høgskolevein 7, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Treena I Burgess
- Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - James H Cunnington
- Department of Primary Industries, Knoxfield Centre, Private Bag 15, Ferntree Gully Delivery Centre, Victoria 3156, Australia
| | - Ian W Smith
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Yilmaz Balci
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - Cheryl Blomquist
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pests and Diagnostics Branch, Sacramento, California 95832
| | - Béatrice Henricot
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Royal Horticultural Society Wisley, Woking, Surrey. GU23 6QB, UK
| | - Geoffrey Denton
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Royal Horticultural Society Wisley, Woking, Surrey. GU23 6QB, UK
| | - Chris Spies
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Adele Mcleod
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Lassaad Belbahri
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - David Cooke
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Koji Kageyama
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Seiji Uematsu
- Chiba Prefectural Agriculture Research Center, Horticulture Institute, Tateyama, Japan
| | - Ilker Kurbetli
- Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kemal Değirmenci
- Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Department of Phytopathology, Ankara, Turkey
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37
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De Lucca AJ, Carter-Wientjes CH, Boué SM, Lovisa MP, Bhatnagar D. Inhibition of bacterial and filamentous fungal growth in high moisture, nonsterile corn with intermittent pumping of trans-2-hexenal vapor. J Food Sci 2013; 78:M1029-35. [PMID: 23865451 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trans-2-hexenal (T2H), a plant-produced aldehyde, was intermittently pumped over a 7 d period into a small, bench top model of stored corn (nonsterile, moisture content about 23%). Naturally occurring bacteria and fungi, including added Aspergillus flavus, grew rapidly on corn not treated with T2H vapor. However, intermittently pumped T2H (30 min per 2 h or 30 min per 12 h) significantly reduced bacterial and fungal viable populations, with nearly 100% fungal viability loss observed after either (1) one day of pumping at the 30 min per 2 h rate or (2) pumping cycles of 30 min per 12 h period over the initial 48 to 72 h of incubation. Data suggest that short-term intermittent fumigation of stored corn with T2H could prevent growth of bacteria and mycotoxigenic fungi such as A. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J De Lucca
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA.
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38
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Li XW, Ear A, Nay B. Hirsutellones and beyond: figuring out the biological and synthetic logics toward chemical complexity in fungal PKS-NRPS compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:765-82. [PMID: 23640165 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70016j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to early 2013. Fungal polyketides and their hybrid non ribosomal peptide derivatives are characterized by often striking structural features and biological activities. Their diversity and their complexity arise from highly organized and programmable biosynthetic pathways and have been challenged by many synthetic chemists. This review will conceptually illustrate how complexity can be generated, starting from a general biosynthetic purpose (the fundaments of PKS-NRPS assembly lines) and finally showing how the particular class of hirsutellone compounds has emerged from such processes in relation to post-elongation and secondary tailoring events. Synthetic efforts to produce these natural products will be described with a special emphasis on complexity-generating strategies and steps. Thus, the biosynthetic and synthetic works will be analyzed in a continuous flow, focusing on both the logic of Nature and organic chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Wen Li
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN), 57 rue Cuvier (CP 54), 75005 Paris, France
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39
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Ebrahim W, Aly AH, Wray V, Mándi A, Teiten MH, Gaascht F, Orlikova B, Kassack MU, Lin W, Diederich M, Kurtán T, Debbab A, Proksch P. Embellicines A and B: Absolute Configuration and NF-κB Transcriptional Inhibitory Activity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2991-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400034b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weaam Ebrahim
- Institut für Pharmazeutische
Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf,
Universitätsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225 Düsseldorf,
Germany
| | - Amal H. Aly
- Institut für Pharmazeutische
Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf,
Universitätsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225 Düsseldorf,
Germany
| | - Victor Wray
- Helmholtz Centre
for Infection
Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
University of Debrecen, POB 20, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marie-Hélène Teiten
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire
et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg 9, rue Edward Steichen
L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - François Gaascht
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire
et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg 9, rue Edward Steichen
L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Barbora Orlikova
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire
et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg 9, rue Edward Steichen
L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Matthias U. Kassack
- Institut
für Pharmazeutische
und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse
1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - WenHan Lin
- National Research Laboratories
of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Health Science
Center, 100083 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Marc Diederich
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire
et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg 9, rue Edward Steichen
L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Pharmacy, College
of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 599 Kwanak-ro, Kwanak-gu,
Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
University of Debrecen, POB 20, 4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Abdessamad Debbab
- Institut für Pharmazeutische
Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf,
Universitätsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225 Düsseldorf,
Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische
Biologie und Biotechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf,
Universitätsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, D-40225 Düsseldorf,
Germany
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40
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Mousa WK, Raizada MN. The diversity of anti-microbial secondary metabolites produced by fungal endophytes: an interdisciplinary perspective. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:65. [PMID: 23543048 PMCID: PMC3608919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are microbes that inhabit host plants without causing disease and are reported to be reservoirs of metabolites that combat microbes and other pathogens. Here we review diverse classes of secondary metabolites, focusing on anti-microbial compounds, synthesized by fungal endophytes including terpenoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, aliphatic compounds, polyketides, and peptides from the interdisciplinary perspectives of biochemistry, genetics, fungal biology, host plant biology, human and plant pathology. Several trends were apparent. First, host plants are often investigated for endophytes when there is prior indigenous knowledge concerning human medicinal uses (e.g., Chinese herbs). However, within their native ecosystems, and where investigated, endophytes were shown to produce compounds that target pathogens of the host plant. In a few examples, both fungal endophytes and their hosts were reported to produce the same compounds. Terpenoids and polyketides are the most purified anti-microbial secondary metabolites from endophytes, while flavonoids and lignans are rare. Examples are provided where fungal genes encoding anti-microbial compounds are clustered on chromosomes. As different genera of fungi can produce the same metabolite, genetic clustering may facilitate sharing of anti-microbial secondary metabolites between fungi. We discuss gaps in the literature and how more interdisciplinary research may lead to new opportunities to develop bio-based commercial products to combat global crop and human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Kamel Mousa
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph Guelph, ON, Canada ; Department of Pharmacognosy, Mansoura University Mansoura, Egypt
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41
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Olson HA, Jeffers SN, Ivors KL, Steddom KC, Williams-Woodward JL, Mmbaga MT, Benson DM, Hong CX. Diversity and Mefenoxam Sensitivity of Phytophthora spp. Associated with the Ornamental Horticulture Industry in the Southeastern United States. PLANT DISEASE 2013; 97:86-92. [PMID: 30722305 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-12-0348-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora isolates associated with ornamental plants or recovered from irrigation water in six states in the southeastern United States (Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia) were identified and screened for sensitivity to mefenoxam. Isolates from forest and suburban streams in Georgia and Virginia were included for comparison. A new in vitro assay, utilizing 48-well tissue culture plates, was used to screen for mefenoxam sensitivity; this assay allowed high throughput of isolates and used less material than the traditional petri plate assay. In total, 1,483 Phytophthora isolates were evaluated, and 27 species were identified with Phytophthora nicotianae, P. hydropathica, and P. gonapodyides, the most abundant species associated with plants, irrigation water, and streams, respectively. Only 6% of isolates associated with plants and 9% from irrigation water were insensitive to mefenoxam at 100 μg a.i./ml. Approximately 78% of insensitive isolates associated with plants were P. nicotianae, and most of these (67%) came from herbaceous annual plants. Most of the insensitive isolates recovered from irrigation water were P. gonapodyides, P. hydropathica, P. megasperma, and P. pini, and 83% of the insensitive isolates from streams were P. gonapodyides. Overall, this study suggests that mefenoxam should continue to be a valuable tool in the management of Phytophthora diseases affecting ornamental plants in the southeastern United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Olson
- Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Beach 23455
| | - S N Jeffers
- School of Agricultural, Forest, and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - K L Ivors
- Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center, North Carolina State University, Mills River 28759
| | - K C Steddom
- Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, Overton 75684
| | | | - M T Mmbaga
- Otis Floyd Nursery Research Center, Tennessee State University, McMinnville 37110
| | - D M Benson
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - C X Hong
- Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Beach 23455
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Tanaka R, Ohishi K, Takanashi N, Nagano T, Suizu H, Suzuki T, Kobayashi S. Synthetic Study of Pyrrocidines: First Entry to the Decahydrofluorene Core of Pyrrocidines. Org Lett 2012; 14:4886-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3022116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), 2641Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ohishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), 2641Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Takanashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), 2641Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nagano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), 2641Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suizu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), 2641Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), 2641Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Susumu Kobayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), 2641Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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43
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Sánchez Márquez S, Bills GF, Herrero N, Zabalgogeazcoa Í. Non-systemic fungal endophytes of grasses. FUNGAL ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Prado S, Li Y, Nay B. Diversity and Ecological Significance of Fungal Endophyte Natural Products. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53836-9.00025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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45
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GKK1032A2, a secondary metabolite from Penicillium sp. IBWF-029-96, inhibits conidial germination in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2011; 65:99-102. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2011.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Molnár I, Gibson DM, Krasnoff SB. Secondary metabolites from entomopathogenic Hypocrealean fungi. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1241-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c001459c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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47
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Zhang QH, Tian L, Zhou LD, Zhang Y, Li ZF, Hua HM, Pei YH. Two new compounds from the marine Nigrospora sphaerica. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2009; 11:962-966. [PMID: 20183261 DOI: 10.1080/10286020903339614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two new compounds, 1-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl 2-phenylacetate (1) and 3-hydroxybutan-2-yl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (2), along with three known compounds, harzialactone A (3), benzeneethanol 4-hydroxy-1-acetate (4), and 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione-3,6-bis(penylmethyl)-homopolymer (5), have been isolated from the fungus Nigrospora sphaerica. Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hui Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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