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Khan A, Khan A, Khan MA, Malik Z, Massey S, Parveen R, Mustafa S, Shamsi A, Husain SA. Phytocompounds targeting epigenetic modulations: an assessment in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1273993. [PMID: 38596245 PMCID: PMC11002180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1273993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
For centuries, plants have been serving as sources of potential therapeutic agents. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in investigating the effects of plant-derived compounds on epigenetic processes, a novel and captivating Frontier in the field of epigenetics research. Epigenetic changes encompass modifications to DNA, histones, and microRNAs that can influence gene expression. Aberrant epigenetic changes can perturb key cellular processes, including cell cycle control, intercellular communication, DNA repair, inflammation, stress response, and apoptosis. Such disruptions can contribute to cancer development by altering the expression of genes involved in tumorigenesis. However, these modifications are reversible, offering a unique avenue for therapeutic intervention. Plant secondary compounds, including terpenes, phenolics, terpenoids, and sulfur-containing compounds are widely found in grains, vegetables, spices, fruits, and medicinal plants. Numerous plant-derived compounds have demonstrated the potential to target these abnormal epigenetic modifications, including apigenin (histone acetylation), berberine (DNA methylation), curcumin (histone acetylation and epi-miRs), genistein (histone acetylation and DNA methylation), lycopene (epi-miRs), quercetin (DNA methylation and epi-miRs), etc. This comprehensive review highlights these abnormal epigenetic alterations and discusses the promising efficacy of plant-derived compounds in mitigating these deleterious epigenetic signatures in human cancer. Furthermore, it addresses ongoing clinical investigations to evaluate the therapeutic potential of these phytocompounds in cancer treatment, along with their limitations and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Khan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Asifa Khan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Aasif Khan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Zoya Malik
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sheersh Massey
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Saad Mustafa
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed A. Husain
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
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2
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Hassan S, Thacharodi A, Priya A, Meenatchi R, Hegde TA, R T, Nguyen HT, Pugazhendhi A. Endocrine disruptors: Unravelling the link between chemical exposure and Women's reproductive health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117385. [PMID: 37838203 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
An Endocrine Disrupting Chemical (EDC) is any compound that disrupts the function of the endocrine system in humans and is ubiquitous in the environment either as a result of natural events or through anthropogenic activities. Bisphenol A, phthalates, parabens, pesticides, triclosan, polychlorinated biphenyls, and heavy metals, which are frequently found in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and packaging sectors, are some of the major sources of EDC pollutants. EDCs have been identified to have a deteriorating effect on the female reproductive system, as evidenced by the increasing number of reproductive disorders such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure, menstrual irregularity, menarche, and infertility. Studying EDCs in relation to women's health is essential for understanding the complex interactions between environmental factors and health outcomes. It enables the development of strategies to mitigate risks, protect reproductive and overall health, and inform public policy decisions to safeguard women's well-being. Healthcare professionals must know the possible dangers of EDC exposure and ask about environmental exposures while evaluating patients. This may result in more precise diagnosis and personalized treatment regimens. This review summarises the existing understanding of prevalent EDCs that impact women's health and involvement in female reproductive dysfunction and underscores the need for more research. Further insights on potential mechanisms of action of EDCs on female has been emphasized in the article. We also discuss the role of nutritional intervention in reducing the effect of EDCs on women's reproductive health. EDC pollution can be further reduced by adhering to strict regulations prohibiting the release of estrogenic substances into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India; Future Leaders Mentoring Fellow, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 20036, USA
| | - Aswin Thacharodi
- Dr. Thacharodi's Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Anshu Priya
- SRF-ICMR, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - R Meenatchi
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thanushree A Hegde
- Department of Civil Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karnataka, 574110, India
| | - Thangamani R
- Department of Civil Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karnataka, 574110, India
| | - H T Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
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Hou Y, Liu X, Qin Y, Hou Y, Hou J, Wu Q, Xu W. Zebrafish as model organisms for toxicological evaluations in the field of food science. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3481-3505. [PMID: 37458294 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Food safety has long been an area of concern. The selection of stable and efficient model organisms is particularly important for food toxicology studies. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are small model vertebrates, and 70% of human genes have at least one zebrafish ortholog. Zebrafish have advantages as model organisms due to their short life cycle, strong reproductive ability, easy rearing, and low cost. Zebrafish embryos have the advantage of being sensitive to the breeding environment and thus have been used as biosensors. Zebrafish and their embryos have been widely used for food toxicology assessments. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive summary of food toxicology studies using zebrafish as model organisms. First, we briefly introduce the multidimensional mechanisms and structure-activity relationship studies of food toxicological assessment. Second, we categorize these studies according to eight types of hazards in foods, including mycotoxins, pesticides, antibiotics, heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, food additives, nanoparticles, and other food-related ingredients. Finally, we list the applications of zebrafish in food toxicology studies in line with future research prospects, aiming to provide a valuable reference for researchers in the field of food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Xixia Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yanlin Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yaoyao Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Jianjun Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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4
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Yuan X, Shangguan H, Zhang Y, Lin X, Chen R. Intervention Effect of Probiotics on the Early Onset of Puberty Induced by Daidzein in Female Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200501. [PMID: 36528780 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between soy isoflavones (SI)-induced gut dysbiosis and puberty onset has not been explored, and the protective effect of probiotic is still controversial. This study investigates the action of daidzein (the main components of SI) and probiotic on the age of puberty onset in female mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Changes in the gut microbiota and production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism are highlighted to analyze a possible causative relationship to puberty onset in female c57/bl mice. The results demonstrate that daidzein promotes earlier onset of puberty, and can significantly alter the composition of the fecal bacterial community. Furthermore, daidzein alters the gut microbiota such that levels of butyrate, isovalerate, and hexanoate are reduced. Moreover, a probiotic treatment normalizes the timing of puberty onset, likely due to alteration in the gut microbiota to enhance SCFAs production. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that 95% daidzein has the potential to advance the timing of puberty onset in female mice, and the gut microbiome can be a therapeutic target to regulate the timing of puberty onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Huakun Shangguan
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xiangquan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
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5
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Xiong J, Tian Y, Ma G, Wang X, Shan S, Cheng G. Impact of Physiologically Relevant Genistein Exposure at Different Time Windows on Puberty Onset and Neuroendocrine Function in Female Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200486. [PMID: 36106654 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Puberty timing, critical for adulthood wellbeing, is influenced by the environment, life-style, and diets. However, differential puberty-interfering effects of soy and soy isoflavone are observed in both epidemiological and toxicological studies. Additionally, their impact on neuroendocrine function at various pre-pubertal developmental windows is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigates the effect of genistein, a typical soy isoflavone, at neonatal, lactational, and post-weaning stages on the time of vaginal opening and determines the levels of neuroendocrine factors in female rats using immunofluorescence, immunochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A physiologically relevant dosage (10 mg kg-1 ) is used to resemble human exposure. The results show that genistein exposure at lactational stage significantly accelerates vaginal opening time, marginally increases hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, significantly enhances kisspeptin receptor expression, and markedly elevates blood levels of GnRH, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, while neonatal and post-weaning exposures do not induce significant alternations. CONCLUSION Lactational stage may be an important window for genistein to impact reproductive development and neuroendocrine regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xiong
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Guochen Ma
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shufang Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
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Rashid R, Kumari A, Chattopadhyay N, Jha R, Rajender S. Genistein lowers fertility with pronounced effect in males: Meta-analyses on pre-clinical studies. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14511. [PMID: 35760341 DOI: 10.1111/and.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein, an isoflavonoid, is found in a plethora of plant-based foods, and has been approved for use in various therapies. A couple of studies in adult men observed a negative correlation between genistein exposure and reproductive parameters. To assess the effects of genistein exposure on reproduction and fertility in males and females, we performed quantitative meta-analyses by pooling data from published studies on animals that assessed various reproductive parameters. Pooled analysis showed significant decreases in sperm count in males exposed to genistein during adulthood (Hedges's g = -2.51, p = 0.013) and in utero (Hedges's g = -0.861, p = 0.016) compared with controls. In males exposed to genistein in utero, serum testosterone levels decreased (Hedges's g = -6.301, p = 0.000) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (Hedges's g = 7.127, p = 0.000) and FSH (Hedges's g = 6.19, p = 0.000) levels increased in comparison with controls. In females, the number of corpora lutea (Hedges's g = -2.103, p = 0.019) and the litter size (Hedges's g = -1.773, p-value = 0.000) decreased; however, female reproductive hormones remained unaffected. These meta-analyses show that genistein has detrimental effects on male reproductive system and on the progression and sustenance of pregnancy, with more pronounced adverse impact in males, particularly when exposed in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumaisa Rashid
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anamika Kumari
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Singh Rajender
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Suen AA, Kenan AC, Williams CJ. Developmental exposure to phytoestrogens found in soy: New findings and clinical implications. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 195:114848. [PMID: 34801523 PMCID: PMC8712417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to naturally derived estrogen receptor activators, such as the phytoestrogen genistein, can occur at physiologically relevant concentrations in the human diet. Soy-based infant formulas are of particular concern because infants consuming these products have serum genistein levels almost 20 times greater than those seen in vegetarian adults. Comparable exposures in animal studies have adverse physiologic effects. The timing of exposure is particularly concerning because infants undergo a steroid hormone-sensitive period termed "minipuberty" during which estrogenic chemical exposure may alter normal reproductive tissue patterning and function. The delay between genistein exposure and reproductive outcomes poses a unique challenge to collecting epidemiological data. In 2010, the U.S. National Toxicology Program monograph on the safety of the use of soy formula stated that the use of soy-based infant formula posed minimal concern and emphasized a lack of data from human subjects. Since then, several new human and animal studies have advanced our epidemiological and mechanistic understanding of the risks and benefits of phytoestrogen exposure. Here we aim to identify clinically relevant findings regarding phytoestrogen exposure and female reproductive outcomes from the past 10 years, with a focus on the phytoestrogen genistein, and explore the implications of these findings for soy infant formula recommendations. Research presented in this review will inform clinical practice and dietary recommendations for infants based on evidence from both clinical epidemiology and basic research advances in endocrinology and developmental biology from mechanistic in vitro and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa A Suen
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Anna C Kenan
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Carmen J Williams
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Goldberg M, D'Aloisio AA, O'Brien KM, Zhao S, Sandler DP. Early-life exposures and age at thelarche in the Sister Study cohort. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:111. [PMID: 34895281 PMCID: PMC8666031 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early age at breast development (thelarche) has been associated with increased breast cancer risk. Average age at thelarche has declined over time, but there are few established risk factors for early thelarche. We examined associations between pre- and postnatal exposures and age at thelarche in a US cohort of women born between 1928 and 1974. METHODS Breast cancer-free women ages 35-74 years who had a sister diagnosed with breast cancer were enrolled in the Sister Study from 2003 to 2009 (N = 50,884). At enrollment, participants reported information on early-life exposures and age at thelarche, which we categorized as early (≤ 10 years), average (11-13 years), and late (≥ 14 years). For each exposure, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for early and late thelarche using polytomous logistic regression, adjusted for birth cohort, race/ethnicity and family income level in childhood. RESULTS Early thelarche was associated with multiple prenatal exposures: gestational hypertensive disorder (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.09-1.43), diethylstilbestrol use (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.45), smoking during pregnancy (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.13-1.27), young maternal age (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.16-1.47 for < 20 vs. 25-29 years), and being firstborn (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.17-1.33). Birthweight < 2500 g and soy formula use in infancy were positively associated with both early and late thelarche. CONCLUSIONS Associations between pre- and postnatal exposures and age at thelarche suggest that the early-life environment influences breast development and therefore may also affect breast cancer risk by altering the timing of pubertal breast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Goldberg
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | | | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Hastings-Tolsma M, Stoffel RT, Quintana AS, Kane RR, Turner J, Wang X. Effect of Rubus idaeus L. Consumption During Pregnancy on Maternal Mice and Their Offspring. J Med Food 2021; 25:183-191. [PMID: 34714139 PMCID: PMC8867106 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The trigger for human labor is a scientific mystery. This research examined Rubus idaeus (RI), commonly referred to as red raspberry, which is widely purported to be efficacious in promoting parturition processes and favorable birth outcomes. This randomized controlled trial sought to determine the influence of RI consumption during gestation on C57BL/6N Tac mice and their offspring. The aims of this study were to (1) determine differences in the length of gestation, gestational weight gain, and litter size where RI is consumed daily at varied strengths and (2) determine differences in offspring characteristics and behavior where maternal RI consumption occurred. Once paired, mice were randomly assigned to one of three groups: placebo (n = 10) receiving plain water, RI aqueous extract fluid of 1.78 mg/mL (n = 10), or RI aqueous extract fluid of 2.66 mg/mL (n = 10). All received the same standardized diet throughout gestation. Pregnant mice were weighed with chow intake and fluid consumption determined daily. Gestation length and litter size were recorded at the time of birth. Differences in offspring characteristics were also determined and included physical characteristics (weight, physical development) and neuromotor reflexes and behaviors (locomotive abilities, geotaxis reflex, cliff avoidance reflex, and swimming development). When compared with controls, high-dose RI ingestion resulted in shorter length of gestation and smaller litter size (P ≤ .05). There was also an increase in fluid consumption and a decrease in pup weights on postnatal day 4 and 5 with RI treatment (P ≤ .05). Altogether, results suggest that RI influences parturition and fecundity processes with transplacental exposure impacting offspring characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hastings-Tolsma
- Louise Herrington School of Nursing, Baylor University, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Nursing, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ryan T Stoffel
- Animal Program Director & Attending Veterinarian, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Robert R Kane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA.,Director, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob Turner
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Biostatistician II, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
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10
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Sridevi V, Naveen P, Karnam VS, Reddy PR, Arifullah M. Beneficiary and Adverse Effects of Phytoestrogens: A Potential Constituent of Plant-based Diet. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:802-815. [PMID: 32942973 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826999200917154747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoestrogens are non-endocrine, non-steroidal secondary derivatives of plants and consumed through a plant-based diet also named as "dietary estrogens". The major sources of phytoestrogens are soy and soy-based foods, flaxseed, chickpeas, green beans, dairy products, etc. The dietary inclusion of phytoestrogen based foods plays a crucial role in the maintenance of metabolic syndrome cluster, including obesity, diabetes, blood pressure, cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, postmenopausal ailments and their complications. In recent days, phytoestrogens are the preferred molecules for hormone replacement therapy. On the other hand, they act as endocrine disruptors via estrogen receptor-mediated pathways. These effects are not restricted to adult males or females and identified even in development. OBJECTIVE Since phytoestrogenic occurrence is high at daily meals for most people worldwide, they focused to study for its beneficiary effects towards developing pharmaceutical drugs for treating various metabolic disorders by observing endocrine disruption. CONCLUSION The present review emphasizes the pros and cons of phytoestrogens on human health, which may help to direct the pharmaceutical industry to produce various phytoestrongen based drugs against various metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaadala Sridevi
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | - Ponneri Naveen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | | | - Pamuru R Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Yogi Vemana Universiti, Vemanapuram, Kadapa-516005, A.P, India
| | - Mohammed Arifullah
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture (IFSSA) & Faculty of Agrobased Industry (FIAT), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Campus Jeli, Locked Bag 100, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
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11
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B Arcanjo R, Richardson KA, Yang S, Patel S, Flaws JA, Nowak RA. Effects of Chronic Dietary Exposure to Phytoestrogen Genistein on Uterine Morphology in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1693-1704. [PMID: 33528250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is naturally occurring in plants and binds to estrogen receptors. Humans are mainly exposed through diet, but the use of supplements is increasing as genistein is claimed to promote health and alleviate menopausal symptoms. We analyzed diverse uterine features in adult mice chronically fed genistein for different times. The luminal epithelium height was increased in females treated with 500 and 1000 ppm at PND 95, and the width of the outer myometrium was increased in females treated with 1000 ppm at PND 65 compared to that in controls. An increase in proliferation was noted in the inner myometrium layer of animals exposed to 300 ppm genistein at PND 185 compared to that in controls. Luminal hyperplasia was greater in the 1000 ppm group at PND 65, 95, and 185, although not statistically different from control. These results indicate that genistein may exert estrogenic activity in the uterus, without persistent harm to the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel B Arcanjo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kadeem A Richardson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Shuhong Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shreya Patel
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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12
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Neonatal exposure to genistein affects reproductive physiology and behavior in female and male Long-Evans rats. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:610-621. [PMID: 32925206 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the effects of neonatal genistein exposure on measures of reproductive physiology and behavior. Approximately 24 h after birth, female and male Long-Evans rat pups were injected daily with genistein (150 µg, subcutaneous; n = 29) or olive oil (n = 23) between postnatal days 1 and 5. After weaning, we examined all subjects daily until they reached puberty (i.e. vaginal opening in female rats and preputial separation in male rats). For all female subjects, we also examined vaginal cytology. After monitoring estrous cyclicity, the female subjects were given the opportunity to interact with a gonadally intact male or a sexually receptive female rat on the day of behavioral estrus to assess sexual motivation (i.e. partner-preference test with and without physical contact), which has never been evaluated before. For all male subjects, we assessed the development of copulatory behavior and sexual motivation (partner-preference test without physical contact). Consistent with previous findings, we found that neonatal exposure to genistein did not affect puberty onset in female or male rats. However, female rats exposed to genistein displayed significantly more irregular estrous cycles than controls. Neonatal genistein exposure also altered the development of male copulatory behavior, as indicated by an increase in mount frequency and intromission frequency and shorter interintromission intervals. We extended previous findings confirming that neither female nor male sexual motivation was affected by neonatal genistein. The results of the present study have important implications for the development of reproductive physiology and behavior in human neonates exposed to genistein in soy-based baby formula.
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Ottolina J, Schimberni M, Makieva S, Bartiromo L, Fazia T, Bernardinelli L, Viganò P, Candiani M, Gentilini D. Early-life factors, in-utero exposures and endometriosis risk: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:279-289. [PMID: 32532666 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to offer a general picture of the available data on the effects of early-life factors on the risk of developing endometriosis in adult life. An advanced, systematic search of the online medical databases PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL was limited to full-length manuscripts published in English in peer-reviewed journals up to February 2019. Log of relative risk (RR) was employed to calculate the pooled effect sizes using both fixed and random effects modelling and I-squared tests to assess heterogeneity. Funnel plots were used to investigation publication bias. The meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (ID CRD42019138668). Six studies that included a total of 2360 women affected by endometriosis were analysed. The pooled results showed that the risk of developing endometriosis in adult life was significantly increased by being born prematurely (logRR 0.21, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.40), having a low birthweight (logRR 0.35, 95% CI -0.15 to 0.54), being formula-fed (logRR 0.65, 95% CI -0.35 to 0.95) and having been exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero (logRR 0.65, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.04. Among intrauterine and early neonatal exposures, prematurity, birthweight, formula feeding and DES were risk factors for the development of endometriosis in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ottolina
- Gynecol/Obstet Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Schimberni
- Gynecol/Obstet Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sofia Makieva
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Fazia
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Bernardinelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Candiani
- Gynecol/Obstet Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Cusano MilaninoMilan, Italy
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14
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Jefferson WN, Padilla-Banks E, Suen AA, Royer LJ, Zeldin SM, Arora R, Williams CJ. Uterine Patterning, Endometrial Gland Development, and Implantation Failure in Mice Exposed Neonatally to Genistein. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:37001. [PMID: 32186404 PMCID: PMC7138129 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryo implantation relies on precise hormonal regulation, associated gene expression changes, and appropriate female reproductive tract tissue architecture. Female mice exposed neonatally to the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) at doses similar to those in infants consuming soy-based infant formulas are infertile due in part to uterine implantation defects. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine the mechanisms by which neonatal GEN exposure causes implantation defects. METHODS Female mice were exposed to GEN on postnatal days (PND)1-5 and uterine tissues collected on PND5, PND22-26, and during pregnancy. Analysis of tissue weights, morphology, and gene expression was performed using standard histology, confocal imaging with three-dimensional analysis, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR), and microarrays. The response of ovariectomized adults to 17 β -estradiol (E2) and artificial decidualization were measured. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) injections were given intraperitoneally and implantation sites visualized. Gene expression patterns were compared with curated data sets to identify upstream regulators. RESULTS GEN-exposed mice exhibited reduced uterine weight gain in response to E2 treatment or artificial decidualization compared with controls; however, expression of select hormone responsive genes remained similar between the two groups. Uteri from pregnant GEN-exposed mice were posteriorized and had reduced glandular epithelium. Implantation failure was not rescued by LIF administration. Microarray analysis of GEN-exposed uteri during early pregnancy revealed significant overlap with several conditional uterine knockout mouse models, including Foxa2, Wnt4, and Sox17. These models exhibit reduced endometrial glands, features of posteriorization and implantation failure. Expression of Foxa2, Wnt4, and Sox17, as well as genes important for neonatal uterine differentiation (Wnt7a, Hoxa10, and Msx2), were severely disrupted on PND5 in GEN-exposed mice. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that neonatal GEN exposure in mice disrupts expression of genes important for uterine development, causing posteriorization and diminished gland function during pregnancy that contribute to implantation failure. These findings could have implications for women who consumed soy-based formulas as infants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6336.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N. Jefferson
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth Padilla-Banks
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alisa A. Suen
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lindsey J. Royer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sharon M. Zeldin
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ripla Arora
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Carmen J. Williams
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Belcher SM, Cline JM, Conley J, Groeters S, Jefferson WN, Law M, Mackey E, Suen AA, Williams CJ, Dixon D, Wolf JC. Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Pathology. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:1049-1071. [PMID: 31833458 PMCID: PMC8008741 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319879903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During the past 20 years, investigations involving endocrine active substances (EAS) and reproductive toxicity have dominated the landscape of ecotoxicological research. This has occurred in concert with heightened awareness in the scientific community, general public, and governmental entities of the potential consequences of chemical perturbation in humans and wildlife. The exponential growth of experimentation in this field is fueled by our expanding knowledge into the complex nature of endocrine systems and the intricacy of their interactions with xenobiotic agents. Complicating factors include the ever-increasing number of novel receptors and alternate mechanistic pathways that have come to light, effects of chemical mixtures in the environment versus those of single EAS laboratory exposures, the challenge of differentiating endocrine disruption from direct cytotoxicity, and the potential for transgenerational effects. Although initially concerned with EAS effects chiefly in the thyroid glands and reproductive organs, it is now recognized that anthropomorphic substances may also adversely affect the nervous and immune systems via hormonal mechanisms and play substantial roles in metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mac Law
- North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Emily Mackey
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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16
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Weis KE, Raetzman LT. Genistein inhibits proliferation and induces senescence in neonatal mouse pituitary gland explant cultures. Toxicology 2019; 427:152306. [PMID: 31593742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone abundant in soybean and infants are exposed to high levels of genistein in soy-based formula. It is known that genistein mediates estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, and exposure during neonatal development could cause acute and long term endocrine effects. We assayed genistein's impact on the neonatal mouse pituitary gland because it is an endocrine signaling hub and is sensitive to endocrine disruption during critical periods. Pituitary explant cultures, which actively proliferate and differentiate, were exposed to 0.06 μM-36 μM genistein and assayed for mRNA and protein changes. Genistein induced mRNA expression of the ERα regulated gene, Cckar, to the same magnitude as estradiol (E2) but with less potency. Interestingly, 36 μM genistein strongly inhibited pituitary proliferation, measured by a reduction in mKi67 mRNA and phospho-Histone H3 immunostaining. Examining cell cycle dynamics, we found that 36 μM genistein decreased Ccnb1 (Cyclin B1) mRNA; while mRNA for the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor Cdkn1a (p21) was upregulated, correlated with an apparent increase in p21 immunostained cells. Strikingly, we observed a robust onset of cellular senescence, permanent cell cycle exit, in 36 μM genistein treated pituitaries by increased senescence activated β-galactosidase staining. We also found that 36 μM genistein decreased Bcl2 mRNA levels, a gene protective against apoptosis. Taken together these data suggest that genistein exposure during the neonatal period could initiate senescence and halt proliferation during a time when the proper numbers of endocrine cells are being established for mature gland function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Weis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Lori T Raetzman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 524 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
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17
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The Sex-Gender Effects in the Road to Tailored Botanicals. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071637. [PMID: 31319627 PMCID: PMC6682902 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenols are a wide family of phytochemicals that are characterized by large chemical diversity and are considered to bioactive molecules of foods, beverages, and botanicals. Although they have a multitude of biological actions, their beneficial effects are rarely evidenced in clinical research with high scientific rigor. This may occur due to the presence of numerous confounders, such as the modulation of phenol bioavailability, which can be regulated by microbiota, age, sex-gender. Sex-gender is an important determinant of health and well-being, and has an impact on environmental and occupational risks, access to health care, disease prevalence, and treatment outcomes. In addition, xenobiotic responses may be strongly influenced by sex-gender. This review describes how sex–gender differentially influences the activities of phenols also in some critical periods of women life such as pregnancy and lactation, considering also the sex of fetuses and infants. Thus, sex–gender is a variable that must be carefully considered and should be used to propose directions for future research on the road to tailored medicine and nutrition.
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18
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Ajuogu PK, Mgbere OO, Bila DS, McFarlane JR. Hormonal changes, semen quality and variance in reproductive activity outcomes of post pubertal rabbits fed Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf powder. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 233:80-86. [PMID: 30593891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is an important plant based staple food, known for its nutritional and medicinal value and is usually prescribed by herbal practitioners in Nigeria and in other tropical countries for the treatment of male infertility problems and reproductive diseases in females. Although the aphrodisiac properties and fertility enhancement potential in males have been reported, the underlying mechanisms for the activity remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of supplementing the diet with M. oleifera Lam. leaf powder on reproductive hormones and semen quality of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two (32) NZW rabbits of 50:50 ratio bucks to does, were randomly distributed to four treatment groups (n = 4 bucks, n = 4 does per group). Graded levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 g/kg) of M. oleifera Lam. leaf powder was incorporated into rabbit growers pellet. The does and bucks were housed separately in hutches and sheltered under the same environmental conditions with free access to their respective treatment diets for a period of 12 weeks. RESULTS In female rabbits, treatment revealed significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent reduction in the concentration of serum FSH, LH and oestrogen. While in contrast the highest dose of leaf powder significantly (P < 0.05) increased progesterone and prolactin concentrations remained unaffected. On the other hand, the concentration of FSH and LH in bucks was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in treatment groups compared to the control group. Serum testosterone concentrations were significantly lower in the 5 and 10 g/kg treatment groups. Semen volume, sperm count and motility were significantly improved in a dose dependent manner with increasing amounts of M. oleifera Lam. leaf powder in the diet. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that M. oleifera Lam. leaf powder supplementation to the diet was more beneficial to male rabbit fertility than the female, where it tended to have a negative impact through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. However, with the varying impact of M. oleifera Lam. leaf powder on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of male and female animals, further investigation is necessary to determine the mechanism through which it operates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kelechi Ajuogu
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2350, Australia; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Osaro O Mgbere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Disere S Bila
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - James R McFarlane
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2350, Australia
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Wu G, Wei Q, Yu D, Shi F. Neonatal genistein exposure disrupts ovarian and uterine development in the mouse by inhibiting cellular proliferation. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:7-17. [PMID: 30333376 PMCID: PMC6379766 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy-based formula contains high concentrations of the isoflavone genistein. Genistein possesses estrogenic and tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity and interferes with cellular proliferation
and development. To date, the acute and chronic effects of genistein on ovarian and uterine development have not been fully elucidated. In this study, mice at postnatal day 1 were
subcutaneously injected with 100 mg/kg genistein for 10 consecutive days, and then their ovaries and uteri were collected on days 10, 21, and 90. Histological evaluation was performed after
hematoxylin and eosin staining. The proliferating activity was indicated by the proliferating indicator protein Ki67. Results showed that the subcutaneous injection of genistein to neonatal
mice induced the formation of multi-oocyte follicles and delayed the primordial follicle assembly in the ovaries. Genistein significantly enlarged the cross-sectional area of the uterine
cavity and wall and disrupted the regularity between the uterine stroma and myometrium. Genistein exposure inhibited proliferative activity because fewer Ki67-positive nuclei were detected
in ovarian and uterine cell populations than in the control. Furthermore, most ovaries from adult mice given neonatal genistein were without corpora lutea, and there appeared to be cystic
follicles and hypertrophy of the theca, and cortical and medullary layers. Considering the high concentration of isoflavone in soy-based infant formulas and livestock feed, we suggest that
the use of isoflavone-rich diets in humans and livestock receive closer examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Debing Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Upson K, Adgent MA, Wegienka G, Baird DD. Soy-based infant formula feeding and menstrual pain in a cohort of women aged 23-35 years. Hum Reprod 2019; 34:148-154. [PMID: 30412246 PMCID: PMC6296212 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is soy formula feeding during infancy associated with menstrual pain in reproductive-age women? SUMMARY ANSWER Our data suggest that soy formula feeding during infancy is associated with several indicators of severe menstrual pain in reproductive-age women. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY A prior study observed greater severity of menstrual pain in young women who as infants participated in feeding studies and were assigned to soy-based formula feeding. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We used data from the Study of Environment, Lifestyle & Fibroids (SELF), a cohort of 1696 African-American women ages 23-35 years at enrollment. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS Data on infant soy formula feeding was ascertained by self-administered questionnaire for 1553 participants, with 89% of participants receiving assistance from their mothers. Information on menstrual pain indicators was collected by web- and telephone-interview. We estimated the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using log-binomial regression, or log-multinomial regression, adjusting for participant age and maternal education. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Women ever fed soy formula as infants were more likely than unexposed women to report ever use of hormonal contraception for menstrual pain (RR 1.4, CI: 1.1-1.9) and moderate/severe menstrual discomfort/pain with 'most periods', but not 'every period', during early adulthood (ages 18-22 when not using hormonal contraception) (RR 1.5, CI: 1.1-2.0). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We relied on retrospective recall to ascertain infant exposure to soy formula feeding and data on menstrual pain indicators. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our observations add to the growing body of literature from animal and human studies on the reproductive health consequences of early-life exposure to soy formula. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and, in part, by funds allocated for health research by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. This research was also supported by grant K99NR017191 (KU). None of the authors has a conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Upson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Margaret A Adgent
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Donna D Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Duru K, Kovaleva E, Danilova I, van der Bijl P, Belousova A. The potential beneficial role of isoflavones in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Res 2018; 59:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Shoorei H, Khaki A, Ainehchi N, Hassanzadeh Taheri MM, Tahmasebi M, Seyedghiasi G, Ghoreishi Z, Shokoohi M, Khaki AA, Abbas Raza SH. Effects of Matricaria chamomilla Extract on Growth and Maturation of Isolated Mouse Ovarian Follicles in a Three-dimensional Culture System. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:218-225. [PMID: 29336372 PMCID: PMC5776854 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.222324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to design and assess the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Matricaria chamomilla (MC) on preantral follicle culture of mouse ovaries in a three-dimensional culture system. METHODS Isolated preantral follicles were randomly divided into three main groups: the control group containing 10% fetal bovine serum without MC extract (G1), the first experimental group supplemented with 25 μg/ml hydroalcoholic extract of chamomile (G2), and the second experimental group supplemented with 50 μg/ml hydroalcoholic extract of chamomile (G3). RESULTS After 12 days of culture, the survival rate (P < 0.05), antrum formation (P < 0.01), metaphase two oocytes (P < 0.01), and the expression of PCNA (P < 0.05) and FSHR (P < 0.05) genes significantly decreased in G3 as compared with G1. On the other hand, at the last day of culture (day 12), the mean diameter of follicles cultured in the medium which was supplemented with 50 μg/ml hydroalcoholic extract of chamomile significantly decreased as compared with the G1 (P < 0.05). In addition, the levels of progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone hormones significantly increased in the medium of G3 relative to G1 (P < 0.01), while in the medium of G1, the level of 17β-estradiol was significantly higher than that of other groups (P < 0.01). Reactive oxygen species levels of metaphase II oocytes were significantly decreased in G2 as compared with G1 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Adding chamomile extract to culture media appeared to decrease follicular function and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Khaki
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nava Ainehchi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Moloud Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giti Seyedghiasi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ziba Ghoreishi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Paramedical, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Shokoohi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Afshin Khaki
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- Department of Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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The effects of dietary levels of genistein on ovarian follicle number and gene expression. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 81:132-139. [PMID: 30056207 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genistein is a phytoestrogen found in soy. We previously found that adult exposure to dietary levels of genistein affected gestation time, parturition time, litter size, pup weight, and pup mortality in CD-1 mice. The present study investigated the effects of adult genistein exposure on follicle number and gene expression in the ovaries of CD-1 mice. We found that exposure to genistein had no effect on follicle number, but it did affect the expression of apoptotic regulatory genes (Bax, Bcl-2, Bid, and Dffa) in the ovary.
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Abstract
According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' influential position statement on vegetarianism, meat and seafood can be replaced with milk, soy/legumes, and eggs without any negative effects in children. The United States Department of Agriculture endorses a similar view. The present paper argues that the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics ignores or gives short shrift to direct and indirect evidence that vegetarianism may be associated with serious risks for brain and body development in fetuses and children. Regular supplementation with iron, zinc, and B12 will not mitigate all of these risks. Consequently, we cannot say decisively that vegetarianism or veganism is safe for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Cofnas
- a Balliol College , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3BJ , UK
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25
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Soy-based Infant Formula Feeding and Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Among Young African American Women. Epidemiology 2018; 27:716-25. [PMID: 27196806 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoestrogen exposure from soy formula feeding during infancy may disrupt reproductive system development, resulting in altered menstrual bleeding in adulthood. METHODS We investigated this relationship in a cohort of 1,696 young African American women using enrollment data from the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, & Fibroids (2010-2012). Questionnaire data on soy formula feeding were available for 1,553 participants, 89% based on mother's report. Menstrual bleeding outcomes including those indicative of heavy menstrual bleeding were ascertained by interview. We estimated relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between soy formula feeding and menstrual bleeding outcomes using log-binomial regression and log-multinomial regression, comparing participants ever fed and never fed soy formula. RESULTS We observed associations between soy formula feeding and variables indicating a history of heavy menstrual bleeding, including ever experiencing heavy, gushing-type bleeding (RR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.4), ever use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for heavy bleeding (RR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.6), and ever use of a contraceptive method for heavy bleeding (RR: 1.2, 95% CI, 0.9, 1.6). Among the subset of participants with menses in the past year who did not use medication that may alter menstrual flow (n = 762), our data suggested that soy formula feeding was associated with heavier flow and the adverse impact of menstrual bleeding on quality of life, but CIs were wide. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that soy formula feeding is associated with heavy menstrual bleeding. Our results support the idea that infancy is a susceptible developmental window for female reproductive function.
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Patel S, Hartman JA, Helferich WG, Flaws JA. Preconception exposure to dietary levels of genistein affects female reproductive outcomes. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 74:174-180. [PMID: 28970133 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genistein is a phytoestrogen found in soy and soy-based products. Previously, we found that genistein adversely affected estradiol levels and follicle growth in vitro. Proper hormone production and follicle growth are key regulators of normal fertility. Therefore, we hypothesized that genistein adversely affects female fertility and pregnancy outcomes. To test this hypothesis, we dosed sexually mature female CD-1 mice (35days) with 0, 300, 500, or 1000ppm genistein for 30, 60, 150, and 240days. At the end of the dosing periods, we measured mating rate, pregnancy rate, fertility rate, gestation time, parturition time, pup mortality, litter size, average pup weight, and estradiol and progesterone levels. We found that chronic, preconception exposure to genistein affects gestation time, parturition time, litter size, pup weight, and pup mortality. Additionally, genistein exposure for 240days appears to have a protective effect on fertility rate, but does not affect hormone levels in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Patel
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL, 61802, United States.
| | - James A Hartman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, 905 S. Goodwin, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States.
| | - William G Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, 905 S. Goodwin, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States.
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL, 61802, United States.
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Russell AL, Grimes JM, Cruthirds DF, Westerfield J, Wooten L, Keil M, Weiser MJ, Landauer MR, Handa RJ, Wu TJ, Larco DO. Dietary Isoflavone-Dependent and Estradiol Replacement Effects on Body Weight in the Ovariectomized (OVX) Rat. Horm Metab Res 2017; 49:457-465. [PMID: 28482370 PMCID: PMC5820000 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-108250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol is known to regulate energy metabolism and body weight. Ovariectomy results in body weight gain while estradiol administration results in a reversal of weight gain. Isoflavones, found in rodent chow, can mimic estrogenic effects making it crucial to understand the role of these compounds on metabolic regulation. The goal of this study is to examine the effect of dietary isoflavones on body weight regulation in the ovariectomized rat. This study will examine how dietary isoflavones can interact with estradiol treatment to affect body weight. Consistent with previous findings, animals fed an isoflavone-rich diet had decreased body weight (p<0.05), abdominal fat (p<0.05), and serum leptin levels (p<0.05) compared to animals fed an isoflavone-free diet. Estradiol replacement resulted in decreased body weight (p<0.05), abdominal fat (p<0.05), and serum leptin (p<0.05). Current literature suggests the involvement of cytokines in the inflammatory response of body weight gain. We screened a host of cytokines and chemokines that may be altered by dietary isoflavones or estradiol replacement. Serum cytokine analysis revealed significant (p<0.05) diet-dependent increases in inflammatory cytokines (keratinocyte-derived chemokine). The isoflavone-free diet in OVX rats resulted in the regulation of the following cytokines and chemokines: interleukin-10, interleukin-18, serum regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (p<0.05). Overall, these results reveal that estradiol treatment can have differential effects on energy metabolism and body weight regulation depending on the presence of isoflavones in rodent chow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Russell
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jamie Moran Grimes
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danette F. Cruthirds
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanna Westerfield
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawren Wooten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Weiser
- DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Human Nutrition & Health, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael R. Landauer
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J. Handa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - T. John Wu
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Darwin O. Larco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Patisaul HB. Endocrine disruption by dietary phyto-oestrogens: impact on dimorphic sexual systems and behaviours. Proc Nutr Soc 2017; 76:130-144. [PMID: 27389644 PMCID: PMC5646220 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665116000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of health benefits have been ascribed to soya intake including a lowered risk of osteoporosis, heart disease, breast cancer, and menopausal symptoms. Because it is a hormonally active diet, however, soya can also be endocrine disrupting, suggesting that intake has the potential to cause adverse health effects in certain circumstances, particularly when exposure occurs during development. Consequently, the question of whether or not soya phyto-oestrogens are beneficial or harmful to human health is neither straightforward nor universally applicable to all groups. Possible benefits and risks depend on age, health status, and even the presence or absence of specific gut microflora. As global consumption increases, greater awareness and consideration of the endocrine-disrupting properties of soya by nutrition specialists and other health practitioners is needed. Consumption by infants and small children is of particular concern because their hormone-sensitive organs, including the brain and reproductive system, are still undergoing sexual differentiation and maturation. Thus, their susceptibility to the endocrine-disrupting activities of soya phyto-oestrogens may be especially high. As oestrogen receptor partial agonists with molecular and cellular properties similar to anthropogenic endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A, the soya phyto-oestrogens provide an interesting model for how attitudes about what is 'synthetic' v. what is 'natural,' shapes understanding and perception of what it means for a compound to be endocrine disrupting and/or potentially harmful. This review describes the endocrine-disrupting properties of soya phyto-oestrogens with a focus on neuroendocrine development and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences,Center for Human Health and the Environment,NC State University,Raleigh,NC 27695,USA
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Müller DR, Soukup ST, Kurrat A, Liu X, Schmicke M, Xie MY, Kulling SE, Diel P. Neonatal isoflavone exposure interferes with the reproductive system of female Wistar rats. Toxicol Lett 2016; 262:39-48. [PMID: 27506417 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing concern about possible adverse effects of soy based infant formulas (SBIF) due to their high amount of isoflavones (ISO). The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of neonatal exposure to ISO on reproductive system of female Wistar rats. Animals were exposed to an ISO depleted diet or a diet enriched with an ISO extract (IRD; 508mg ISO/kg) during embryogenesis and adolescence. Pups of each group were fed daily by pipette with ISO-suspension (ISO+; 32mg ISO/kg bw) or placebo from postnatal day (PND) 1 until PND23 resulting in plasma concentrations similar to levels reported in infants fed SBIF. The visceral fat mass was reduced by long-term IRD. Vaginal epithelial height was increased at PND23 and vaginal opening was precocious in ISO+ groups. Later in life, more often irregular estrus cycles were observed in rats of ISO+ groups. In addition, FSH levels and uterine epithelial heights were increased at PND80 in ISO+ groups. In summary, the results indicate that neonatal ISO intake, resulting in plasma concentrations achievable through SBIF, has an estrogenic effect on prepubertal rats and influences female reproductive tract later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Müller
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian T Soukup
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany, Germany
| | - Anne Kurrat
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, China
| | - Marion Schmicke
- Clinic for Cattle, Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ming-Yong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, China
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.
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The Anti-Cancer Effect of Polyphenols against Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Mechanisms. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090581. [PMID: 27657126 PMCID: PMC5037565 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of breast cancer in developed and developing countries, and its correlation to cancer-related deaths, has prompted concerned scientists to discover novel alternatives to deal with this challenge. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of polyphenol structures and classifications, as well as on the carcinogenic process. The biology of breast cancer cells will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-cancer activities of numerous polyphenols, against a wide range of breast cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo, will be explained in detail. The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in the anti-cancer activity of polyphenols will also be highlighted. In addition, the potential of polyphenols to target cancer stem cells (CSCs) via various mechanisms will be explained. Recently, the use of natural products as chemotherapeutics and chemopreventive drugs to overcome the side effects and resistance that arise from using chemical-based agents has garnered the attention of the scientific community. Polyphenol research is considered a promising field in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
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Bugel SM, Bonventre JA, Tanguay RL. Comparative Developmental Toxicity of Flavonoids Using an Integrative Zebrafish System. Toxicol Sci 2016; 154:55-68. [PMID: 27492224 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large, structurally diverse class of bioactive naturally occurring chemicals commonly detected in breast milk, soy based infant formulas, amniotic fluid, and fetal cord blood. The potential for pervasive early life stage exposures raises concerns for perturbation of embryogenesis, though developmental toxicity and bioactivity information is limited for many flavonoids. Therefore, we evaluated a suite of 24 flavonoid and flavonoid-like chemicals using a zebrafish embryo-larval toxicity bioassay-an alternative model for investigating developmental toxicity of environmentally relevant chemicals. Embryos were exposed to 1-50 µM of each chemical from 6 to 120 h postfertilization (hpf), and assessed for 26 adverse developmental endpoints at 24, 72, and 120 hpf. Behavioral changes were evaluated in morphologically normal animals at 24 and 72 hpf, at 120 hpf using a larval photomotor response (LPR) assay. Gene expression was comparatively evaluated for all compounds for effects on biomarker transcripts indicative of AHR (cyp1a) and ER (cyp19a1b, esr1, lhb, vtg) pathway bioactivity. Overall, 15 of 24 flavonoids elicited adverse effects on one or more of the developmental or behavioral endpoints. Hierarchical clustering and principle component analyses compared toxicity profiles and identified 3 distinct groups of bioactive flavonoids. Despite robust induction of multiple estrogen-responsive biomarkers, co-exposure with ER and GPER antagonists did not ameliorate toxicity, suggesting ER-independence and alternative modes of action. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that development is sensitive to perturbation by bioactive flavonoids in zebrafish that are not related to traditional estrogen receptor mode of action pathways. This integrative zebrafish platform provides a useful framework for evaluating flavonoid developmental toxicity and hazard prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bugel
- *Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
| | - Josephine A Bonventre
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- *Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, and the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory
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Al Naib A, Tucker H, Xie G, Keisler D, Bartol F, Rhoads R, Akers R, Rhoads M. Prepubertal tamoxifen treatment affects development of heifer reproductive tissues and related signaling pathways. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5780-5792. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zama AM, Bhurke A, Uzumcu M. Effects of Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals on Female Reproductive Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1874070701610010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are increasingly prevalent in the environment and the evidence demonstrates that they affect reproductive health, has been accumulating for the last few decades. In this review of recent literature, we present evidence of the effects of estrogen-mimicking EDCs on female reproductive health especially the ovaries and uteri. As representative EDCs, data from studies with a pharmaceutical estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), an organochlorine pesticide methoxychlor (MXC), a phytoestrogen (genistein), and a chemical used in plastics, bisphenol a (BPA) have been presented. We also discuss the effects of a commonly found plasticizer in the environment, a phthalate (DEHP), even though it is not a typical estrogenic EDC. Collectively, these studies show that exposures during fetal and neonatal periods cause developmental reprogramming leading to adult reproductive disease. Puberty, estrous cyclicity, ovarian follicular development, and uterine functions are all affected by exposure to these EDCs. Evidence that epigenetic modifications are involved in the progression to adult disease is also presented.
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Genistein exposure inhibits growth and alters steroidogenesis in adult mouse antral follicles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 293:53-62. [PMID: 26792615 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone phytoestrogen commonly found in plant products such as soybeans, lentils, and chickpeas. Genistein, like other phytoestrogens, has the potential to mimic, enhance, or impair the estradiol biosynthesis pathway, thereby potentially altering ovarian follicle growth. Previous studies have inconsistently indicated that genistein exposure may alter granulosa cell proliferation and hormone production, but no studies have examined the effects of genistein on intact antral follicles. Thus, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that genistein exposure inhibits follicle growth and steroidogenesis in intact antral follicles. To test this hypothesis, antral follicles isolated from CD-1 mice were cultured with vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide; DMSO) or genistein (6.0 and 36μM) for 18-96h. Every 24h, follicle diameters were measured to assess growth. At the end of each culture period, the media were pooled to measure hormone levels, and the cultured follicles were collected to measure expression of cell cycle regulators and steroidogenic enzymes. The results indicate that genistein (36μM) inhibits growth of mouse antral follicles. Additionally, genistein (6.0 and 36μM) increases progesterone, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels, but decreases estrone and estradiol levels. The results also indicate that genistein alters the expression of steroidogenic enzymes at 24, 72 and 96h, and the expression of cell cycle regulators at 18h. These data indicate that genistein exposure inhibits antral follicle growth by inhibiting the cell cycle, alters sex steroid hormone levels, and dysregulates steroidogenic enzymes in cultured mouse antral follicles.
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Fan J, Zhang B, Li L, Xiao C, Oladele OA, Jiang G, Ding H, Wang S, Xing Y, Xiao D, Yin Y. Effect of Soyabean Isoflavones Exposure on Onset of Puberty, Serum Hormone Concentration and Gene Expression in Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland and Ovary of Female Bama Miniature Pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:1573-82. [PMID: 26580281 PMCID: PMC4647097 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effect of soyabean isoflavones (SIF) on onset of puberty, serum hormone concentration, and gene expression in hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary of female Bama miniature pigs. Fifty five, 35-days old pigs were randomly assigned into 5 treatment groups consisting of 11 pigs per treatment. Results showed that dietary supplementation of varying dosage (0, 250, 500, and 1,250 mg/kg) of SIF induced puberty delay of the pigs with the age of puberty of pigs fed basal diet supplemented with 1,250 mg/kg SIF was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to control. Supplementation of SIF or estradiol valerate (EV) reduced (p<0.05) serum gonadotrophin releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone concentration, but increased follicle-stimulating hormone concentration in pigs at 4 months of age. The expression of KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor (KISS1), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta-5-delta-4 isomerase (3β-HSD) was reduced (p<0.01) in SIF-supplemented groups. Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor in the pituitary of miniature pigs was reduced (p<0.05) compared to the control when exposed to 250, 1,250 mg/kg SIF and EV. Pigs on 250 mg/kg SIF and EV also showed reduced (p<0.05) expression of cytochrome P450 19A1 compared to the control. Our results indicated that dietary supplementation of SIF induced puberty delay, which may be due to down-regulation of key genes that play vital roles in the synthesis of steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juexin Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China ; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes of Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lili Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes of Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Chaowu Xiao
- Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Oso Abimbola Oladele
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, PMB2240, Nigeria
| | - Guoli Jiang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes of Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Hao Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China ; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes of Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Shengping Wang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes of Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yueteng Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China ; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes of Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes of Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
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The role of diet and housing-temperature in the production of genetically modified mouse embryos and their developmental capacity after cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1306-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study early-life factors in relation to endometriosis risk in adulthood. DESIGN Population-based case-control study. SETTING Integrated healthcare system. PATIENT(S) Cases (n = 310) were women diagnosed for the first time with endometriosis between the years 1996 and 2001, and controls (n = 727) were women without a diagnosis of endometriosis randomly selected from the healthcare system population. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between intrauterine diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure, maternal smoking, mother's age at delivery, firstborn status, birth weight, fetal number, prematurity, and regular soy formula feeding during infancy and endometriosis were estimated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for frequency matching and confounding variables. Information on early-life factors was ascertained retrospectively by in-person interview, with information on maternal DES use and regular soy formula feeding directly gathered from the participant's mother or other family member. RESULT(S) We observed that women who were regularly fed soy formula as infants had more than twice the risk of endometriosis compared with unexposed women (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.9). Our data also suggested increased endometriosis risk with prematurity (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 0.9-3.1) and maternal use of DES (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.8-4.9, adjusting only for frequency matching variables), although these confidence intervals included the null. CONCLUSION(S) Our results support the hypothesis that disruption of development during fetal and infant periods may increase the risk of endometriosis in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Upson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Delia Scholes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Victoria L Holt
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Parent AS, Franssen D, Fudvoye J, Gérard A, Bourguignon JP. Developmental variations in environmental influences including endocrine disruptors on pubertal timing and neuroendocrine control: Revision of human observations and mechanistic insight from rodents. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 38:12-36. [PMID: 25592640 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Puberty presents remarkable individual differences in timing reaching over 5 years in humans. We put emphasis on the two edges of the age distribution of pubertal signs in humans and point to an extended distribution towards earliness for initial pubertal stages and towards lateness for final pubertal stages. Such distortion of distribution is a recent phenomenon. This suggests changing environmental influences including the possible role of nutrition, stress and endocrine disruptors. Our ability to assess neuroendocrine effects and mechanisms is very limited in humans. Using the rodent as a model, we examine the impact of environmental factors on the individual variations in pubertal timing and the possible underlying mechanisms. The capacity of environmental factors to shape functioning of the neuroendocrine system is thought to be maximal during fetal and early postnatal life and possibly less important when approaching the time of onset of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Simone Parent
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Liège, Rue de Gaillarmont 600, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Fudvoye
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Liège, Rue de Gaillarmont 600, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
| | - Arlette Gérard
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Liège, Rue de Gaillarmont 600, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourguignon
- Developmental Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Liège, Rue de Gaillarmont 600, B-4032 Chênée, Belgium.
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Kang BH, Kim SH, Jung KA, Kim SY, Chung SH, Park YS, Yoon KL, Shim KS. Comparison of growth and pubertal progression in wild type female rats with different bedding types. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2015; 20:53-8. [PMID: 25883928 PMCID: PMC4397274 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2015.20.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Endocrine-disrupting chemicals interfere with the endocrine system and therefore affect growth and pubertal progression. The study aim was to compare the growth and pubertal progression in wild-type female rats with different bedding types. METHODS Twenty 5-week-old female wild-type Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups with different bedding types: one group received wood shaving bedding, while a second group received corncob bedding. We determined crown-rump length and body weight as anthropometric measurements and assessed the serum growth hormone (GH) and estradiol levels. The gh1 mRNA expression levels were compared using quantitative real time transcription polymerase chain reaction. The estrous cycle was evaluated by vaginal smear. RESULTS The anthropometric measurements were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean relative expression of the gh1 gene was lower in the corncob bedding group than that in the wood shaving group (P=0.768). Meanwhile serum GH and estradiol were increased in the wood shaving bedding group; however this difference was not statistically significant. The time to first estrus and the length of the estrous cycle were increased in the corncob bedding group; the proportion of normal estrous cycles was also decreased. These findings indicate irregularities in the estrous cycle. CONCLUSION Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in corncob bedding might be associated with time to first estrus and length of the estrous cycle. Therefore, the type of bedding should be considered as a factor affecting pubertal progression in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ho Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung A Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Shil Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Lim Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kye Shik Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
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Adult offspring of high-fat diet-fed dams can have normal glucose tolerance and body composition. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2015; 5:229-39. [PMID: 24901663 PMCID: PMC4098028 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174414000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Maternal high-fat diet consumption and obesity have been shown to program long-term obesity and lead to impaired glucose tolerance in offspring. Many rodent studies, however, use non-purified, cereal-based diets as the control for purified high-fat diets. In this study, primiparous ICR mice were fed purified control diet (10–11 kcal% from fat of lard or butter origin) and lard (45 or 60 kcal% fat) or butter (32 or 60 kcal% fat)-based high-fat diets for 4 weeks before mating, throughout pregnancy, and for 2 weeks of nursing. Before mating, female mice fed the 32 and 60% butter-based high-fat diets exhibited impaired glucose tolerance but those females fed the lard-based diets showed normal glucose disposal following a glucose challenge. High-fat diet consumption by female mice of all groups decreased lean to fat mass ratios during the 4th week of diet treatment compared with those mice consuming the 10–11% fat diets. All females were bred to male mice and pregnancy and offspring outcomes were monitored. The body weight of pups born to 45% lard-fed dams was significantly increased before weaning, but only female offspring born to 32% butter-fed dams exhibited long-term body weight increases. Offspring glucose tolerance and body composition were measured for at least 1 year. Minimal, if any, differences were observed in the offspring parameters. These results suggest that many variables should be considered when designing future high-fat diet feeding and maternal obesity studies in mice.
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Li R, El Zowalaty AE, Chen W, Dudley EA, Ye X. Segregated responses of mammary gland development and vaginal opening to prepubertal genistein exposure in Bscl2(-/-) female mice with lipodystrophy. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 54:76-83. [PMID: 25462787 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2-deficient (Bscl2(-/-)) mice recapitulate human BSCL2 disease with lipodystrophy. Bscl2-encoded seipin is detected in adipocytes and epithelium of mammary gland. Postnatal mammary gland growth spurt and vaginal opening signify pubertal onset in female mice. Bscl2(-/-) females have longer and dilated mammary gland ducts at 5-week old and delayed vaginal opening. Prepubertal exposure to 500ppm genistein diet increases mammary gland area and accelerates vaginal opening in both control and Bscl2(-/-) females. However, genistein treatment increases ductal length in control but not Bscl2(-/-) females. Neither prepubertal genistein treatment nor Bscl2-deficiency affects phospho-estrogen receptor α or progesterone receptor expression patterns in 5-week old mammary gland. Interestingly, Bscl2-deficiency specifically reduces estrogen receptor β expression in mammary gland ductal epithelium. In summary, Bscl2(-/-) females have accelerated postnatal mammary ductal development but delayed vaginal opening; they display segregated responses in mammary gland development and vaginal opening to prepubertal genistein treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Ahmed E El Zowalaty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Weiqin Chen
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Dudley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Xiaoqin Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Use of ovary culture techniques in reproductive toxicology. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 49:117-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhou J, Qu C, Sun Q, Wu L, Liu Y, Yang Z, Zhang J. Sophoricoside fails the embryo implantation by compromising the uterine endometrial receptivity at implantation "window" of pregnant mice. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 219:57-63. [PMID: 24877640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sophoricoside (SOPH) is an isoflavone glycoside isolated from the fruits of Sophora japonica. Since its first isolation in 1961, there are rare findings about the effects of SOPH on reproductive system. In the present study, the pregnant mice administrated by different doses of SOPH were used to explore the effect of SOPH on embryo implantation, especially on the endometrial receptivity. The statistical results showed that the number of implanted embryos was gradually declining along the increasing dose of SOPH. When the administrated dose of SOPH was 600 mg/kg per day, great changes were observed in the exposed uterine morphology and up-regulated progesterone receptor (PR) and down-regulated estrogen receptor α (ERα), E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and integrin β3 were also found in SOPH-exposed uterine. These findings demonstrated that SOPH exposure reduced the number of implanted embryos in a dose-dependent manner and failed the embryo implantation through altering the morphology of uterine and compromising the endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Chengquan Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Lisha Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Yanglu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Zhirong Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Bio-control, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China.
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Li R, Zhao F, Diao H, Xiao S, Ye X. Postweaning dietary genistein exposure advances puberty without significantly affecting early pregnancy in C57BL/6J female mice. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 44:85-92. [PMID: 24365114 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An epidemiological study indicates higher plasma level of genistein in girls with earlier puberty. This study tests the hypothesis in C57BL/6J mice that postweaning (peripubertal) dietary genistein exposure could result in earlier puberty in females assessed by vaginal opening, estrous cyclicity, corpus luteum and mammary gland development. Newly weaned female mice were fed with 0, 5, 100, or 500 ppm genistein diets. Decreased age at vaginal opening, increased length on estrus stage, and accelerated mammary gland development were detected in 100 and 500 ppm genistein-treated groups. Increased presence of corpus luteum was found in 5 ppm genistein-treated group at 6 weeks old only. Increased expression of epithelial-specific genes but not that of ERα or ERβ was detected in 500 ppm genistein-treated mammary glands at 5 weeks old. No significant adverse effect on embryo implantation was observed. These data demonstrate causal effect of dietary genistein on earlier puberty in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Honglu Diao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Shuo Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Xiaoqin Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Katchy A, Pinto C, Jonsson P, Nguyen-Vu T, Pandelova M, Riu A, Schramm KW, Samarov D, Gustafsson JÅ, Bondesson M, Williams C. Coexposure to phytoestrogens and bisphenol a mimics estrogenic effects in an additive manner. Toxicol Sci 2013; 138:21-35. [PMID: 24284790 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are abundant in our environment. A number of EDCs, including bisphenol A (BPA) can bind to the estrogen receptors (ER), ERα and ERβ, and may contribute to estrogen-linked diseases such as breast cancer. Early exposure is of particular concern; many EDCs cross the placenta and infants have measurable levels of, eg, BPA. In addition, infants are frequently fed soy-based formula (SF) that contains phytoestrogens. Effects of combined exposure to xeno- and phytoestrogens are poorly studied. Here, we extensively compared to what extent BPA, genistein, and an extract of infant SF mimic estrogen-induced gene transcription and cell proliferation. We investigated ligand-specific effects on ER activation in HeLa-ERα and ERβ reporter cells; on proliferation, genome-wide gene regulation and non-ER-mediated effects in MCF7 breast cancer cells; and how coexposure influenced these effects. The biological relevance was explored using enrichment analyses of differentially regulated genes and clustering with clinical breast cancer profiles. We demonstrate that coexposure to BPA and genistein, or SF, results in increased functional and transcriptional estrogenic effects. Using statistical modeling, we determine that BPA and phytoestrogens act in an additive manner. The proliferative and transcriptional effects of the tested compounds mimic those of 17β-estradiol, and are abolished by cotreatment with an ER antagonist. Gene expression profiles induced by each compound clustered with poor prognosis breast cancer, indicating that exposure may adversely affect breast cancer prognosis. This study accentuates that coexposure to BPA and soy-based phytoestrogens results in additive estrogenic effects, and may contribute to estrogen-linked diseases, including breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Katchy
- * Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056
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Mueller JK, Heger S. Endocrine disrupting chemicals affect the gonadotropin releasing hormone neuronal network. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 44:73-84. [PMID: 24211603 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals have been shown to alter the pubertal process. The controlling levels of the Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) network involve GnRH itself, KiSS1, and the transcriptional regulators enhanced at puberty 1 (EAP1), Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 (TTF1), and Yin Yang 1 (YY1). While Genistein and Bisphenol A (BPA) have been shown to advance the advent of puberty, exposure to Dioxin delayed pubertal onset. Utilizing in vitro approaches, we observed that Genistein and BPA suppress inhibitory and activate stimulatory components of the GnRH network, while Dioxin exhibit an inhibitory effect at all regulatory hierarchical levels of the GnRH network. It repressed KiSS1, Gnrh, Ttf1 and Yy1 transcription via the xenobiotic response element (XRE), while EAP1 was not affected. Therefore, EDCs alter the neuroendocrine GnRH regulatory network at all hierarchical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Mueller
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Heger
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Children's Hospital "Auf der Bult", Hannover, Germany.
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Omoruyi IM, Kabiersch G, Pohjanvirta R. Commercial processed food may have endocrine-disrupting potential: soy-based ingredients making the difference. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1722-7. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.817025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Early menarche is related to increased risk of breast cancer. The number of established factors that contribute to early menarche is limited. We studied prenatal and infant exposures in relation to age at menarche in a nationwide cohort of women who have a family history of breast cancer. METHODS The study comprised 33,501 women in the Sister Study who were 35-59 years of age at baseline (2003-2009). We used polytomous logistic regression to estimate separate relative risk ratios (rRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of self-reported exposures with menarche at ≤10, 11, 14, and ≥15 years relative to menarche at 12-13 years. RESULTS Early menarche (≤10 or 11 years) was associated with having low birth weight, having had a teenage mother, being firstborn, and specific prenatal exposures: mother's smoking, diethylstilbestrol (DES), prepregnancy diabetes, and pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder. Prenatal exposures most strongly associated with very early menarche (≤10 years) were DES (rRR = 1.56 [95% CI = 1.24-1.96]), maternal prepregnancy diabetes (2.24 [1.37-3.68]), and pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder (1.45 [1.18-1.79]). Soy formula was associated with both very early menarche (1.21 [0.94-1.54]) and late menarche (14 years: 1.17 [0.98-1.40] or ≥15 years: 1.28 [1.06-1.56]). CONCLUSIONS Although menarche is only one marker of pubertal development, it is a commonly used surrogate. The observed associations of prenatal DES and soy formula exposure with age at menarche are consistent with animal data on exogenous estrogens and pubertal timing. Early-life exposures may confound associations between age at menarche and hormonally dependent outcomes in adults.
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Uzumcu M, Zama AM, Oruc E. Epigenetic mechanisms in the actions of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: gonadal effects and role in female reproduction. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 47 Suppl 4:338-47. [PMID: 22827390 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a heightened interest and concern among scientists, clinicians and regulatory agencies as well as the general public, regarding the effects of environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In this review, we identify the main epigenetic mechanisms and describe key ovarian processes that are vulnerable to the epigenetic actions of EDCs. We also provide an overview of the human epidemiological evidence documenting the detrimental effects of several common environmental EDCs on female reproduction. We then focus on experimental evidence demonstrating the epigenetic effects of these EDCs in the ovary and female reproductive system, with an emphasis on methoxychlor, an organochlorine pesticide. We conclude the review by describing several critical issues in studying epigenetic effects of EDCs in the ovary, including transgenerational epigenetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Uzumcu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8525, USA.
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Salleh N, Helmy MM, Fadila KN, Yeong SO. Isoflavone genistein induces fluid secretion and morphological changes in the uteri of post-pubertal rats. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:665-75. [PMID: 23569430 PMCID: PMC3619115 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A reported increase in the incidence of infertility following high genistein intake could be related to alteration in the normal fluid volume and morphology of the uterus in adult female. In view of this, we investigated the effect of this compound on fluid secretion, fluid volume and morphology of the uterus in post-pubertal rats. METHODS Ovariectomised SD rats were treated with 17-β oestradiol (E) (0.8 X 10(-4) mg/kg/day) and genistein (0.5, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day) for three days. Following drug treatment, in-vivo uterine perfusion was performed and the rate of fluid secretion and the volume of fluid in the uterus were determined via changes in weight (μl/min) and F-dextran concentration of the perfusate respectively. The animals were then sacrificed and the uteri were removed for weight determination, morphological analyses and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression analyses by Western blotting. RESULTS Subcutaneous genistein treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in fluid secretion rate, fluid volume and uterine wet weight. Treatment with 100 mg/kg/day genistein resulted in a remarkable increase in the rate of uterine fluid secretion, the volume of the uterine luminal fluid as well as the circumference of the uterine and uterine glandular lumen suggesting an excessive fluid accumulation. Meanwhile, there were evidence of glandular hyperplasia and an increase in the expression of PCNA following treatment with 50 and 100 mg/kg/day genistein. CONCLUSION High genistein intake could potentially cause adverse effects on the uterus by inducing excessive fluid secretion and accumulation as well as hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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