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Kim DY, Park J, Han IO. Hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-GlcNAc cycling of glucose metabolism in brain function and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C981-C998. [PMID: 37602414 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00191.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Impaired brain glucose metabolism is considered a hallmark of brain dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Disruption of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and subsequent O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling has been identified as an emerging link between altered glucose metabolism and defects in the brain. Myriads of cytosolic and nuclear proteins in the nervous system are modified at serine or threonine residues with a single N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) molecule by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which can be removed by β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase, OGA). Homeostatic regulation of O-GlcNAc cycling is important for the maintenance of normal brain activity. Although significant evidence linking dysregulated HBP metabolism and aberrant O-GlcNAc cycling to induction or progression of neuronal diseases has been obtained, the issue of whether altered O-GlcNAcylation is causal in brain pathogenesis remains uncertain. Elucidation of the specific functions and regulatory mechanisms of individual O-GlcNAcylated neuronal proteins in both normal and diseased states may facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets for various neuronal disorders. The information presented in this review highlights the importance of HBP/O-GlcNAcylation in the neuronal system and summarizes the roles and potential mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylated neuronal proteins in maintaining normal brain function and initiation and progression of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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2
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Packer M. Foetal recapitulation of nutrient surplus signalling by O-GlcNAcylation and the failing heart. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:1199-1212. [PMID: 37434410 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the foetal heart is driven by increased glucose uptake and activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which drives glycolysis. In contrast, the healthy adult heart is governed by sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which promote fatty-acid oxidation and the substantial mitochondrial ATP production required for survival in a high-workload normoxic environment. During cardiac injury, the heart recapitulates the foetal signalling programme, which (although adaptive in the short term) is highly deleterious if sustained for long periods of time. Prolonged increases in glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes under stress leads to increased flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway; its endproduct - uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) - functions as a critical nutrient surplus sensor. UDP-GlcNAc drives the post-translational protein modification known as O-GlcNAcylation, which rapidly and reversibly modifies thousands of intracellular proteins. Both O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation act at serine/threonine residues, but whereas phosphorylation is regulated by hundreds of specific kinases and phosphatases, O-GlcNAcylation is regulated by only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which adds or removes GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine), respectively, from target proteins. Recapitulation of foetal programming in heart failure (regardless of diabetes) is accompanied by marked increases in O-GlcNAcylation, both experimentally and clinically. Heightened O-GlcNAcylation in the heart leads to impaired calcium kinetics and contractile derangements, arrhythmias related to activation of voltage-gated sodium channels and Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, mitochondrial dysfunction, and maladaptive hypertrophy, microvascular dysfunction, fibrosis and cardiomyopathy. These deleterious effects can be prevented by suppression of O-GlcNAcylation, which can be achieved experimentally by upregulation of AMPK and SIRT1 or by pharmacological inhibition of OGT or stimulation of OGA. The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on the heart are accompanied by reduced O-GlcNAcylation, and their cytoprotective effects are reportedly abrogated if their action to suppress O-GlcNAcylation is blocked. Such an action may represent one of the many mechanisms by which enhanced AMPK and SIRT1 signalling following SGLT2 inhibition leads to cardiovascular benefits. These observations, taken collectively, suggest that UDP-GlcNAc functions as a critical nutrient surplus sensor (which acting in concert with mTOR and HIF-1α) can promote the development of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
- Imperial College, London, UK
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3
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Paneque A, Fortus H, Zheng J, Werlen G, Jacinto E. The Hexosamine Biosynthesis Pathway: Regulation and Function. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040933. [PMID: 37107691 PMCID: PMC10138107 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) produces uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl glucosamine, UDP-GlcNAc, which is a key metabolite that is used for N- or O-linked glycosylation, a co- or post-translational modification, respectively, that modulates protein activity and expression. The production of hexosamines can occur via de novo or salvage mechanisms that are catalyzed by metabolic enzymes. Nutrients including glutamine, glucose, acetyl-CoA, and UTP are utilized by the HBP. Together with availability of these nutrients, signaling molecules that respond to environmental signals, such as mTOR, AMPK, and stress-regulated transcription factors, modulate the HBP. This review discusses the regulation of GFAT, the key enzyme of the de novo HBP, as well as other metabolic enzymes that catalyze the reactions to produce UDP-GlcNAc. We also examine the contribution of the salvage mechanisms in the HBP and how dietary supplementation of the salvage metabolites glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine could reprogram metabolism and have therapeutic potential. We elaborate on how UDP-GlcNAc is utilized for N-glycosylation of membrane and secretory proteins and how the HBP is reprogrammed during nutrient fluctuations to maintain proteostasis. We also consider how O-GlcNAcylation is coupled to nutrient availability and how this modification modulates cell signaling. We summarize how deregulation of protein N-glycosylation and O-GlcNAcylation can lead to diseases including cancer, diabetes, immunodeficiencies, and congenital disorders of glycosylation. We review the current pharmacological strategies to inhibit GFAT and other enzymes involved in the HBP or glycosylation and how engineered prodrugs could have better therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of diseases related to HBP deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysta Paneque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Harvey Fortus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Julia Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Guy Werlen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:216. [PMID: 35794109 PMCID: PMC9259665 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is a key peptide hormone and mediates the systemic glucose metabolism in different tissues. Insulin resistance (IR) is a disordered biological response for insulin stimulation through the disruption of different molecular pathways in target tissues. Acquired conditions and genetic factors have been implicated in IR. Recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the dysregulated metabolic mediators released by adipose tissue including adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, excess lipids and toxic lipid metabolites promote IR in other tissues. IR is associated with several groups of abnormal syndromes that include obesity, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and other abnormalities. Although no medication is specifically approved to treat IR, we summarized the lifestyle changes and pharmacological medications that have been used as efficient intervention to improve insulin sensitivity. Ultimately, the systematic discussion of complex mechanism will help to identify potential new targets and treat the closely associated metabolic syndrome of IR.
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Inflammatory gene silencing in activated monocytes by a cholesterol tagged-miRNA/siRNA: a novel approach to ameliorate diabetes induced inflammation. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:219-240. [PMID: 35604451 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
There is a major unmet need for the development of effective therapies for diabetes induced inflammation. Increased adenosine-uridine rich elements (AREs) containing mRNAs of inflammatory molecules are reported in inflamed monocytes. Destabilizing these inflammatory mRNAs by the miR-16 could reduce inflammation. DNA microarrays and in vitro cell studies showed that exogenous miR16 and its mimic treatment, in LPS/PMA induced monocytes, significantly downregulated several ARE containing inflammatory cytokine mRNAs similar to those seen in the normal monocytes. Ingenuity pathway analyses showed exogenous miR-16 or its synthetic mimic treatment alleviates inflammatory responses. To selectively target uptake, especially to inflamed cells, one of the CD36 substrate cholesterol was tagged to miR16/siRNA. Cholesterol tagged miR-16/ARE-siRNA showed enhanced uptake in CD36 expressing inflamed cells. In LPS or PMA, treated monocytes, candidate genes expressions levels such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-12β, IP-10, and TNF-α mRNA were increased, as measured by RT-qPCR as seen in primary monocytes of diabetes patients. Exogenous miR16 or ARE-siRNA transfection reduced mRNAs of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in monocyte, and its adhesion. Increased uptake of cholesterol tagged miR-16 through the CD36 receptor was observed. This destabilizes numerous inflammatory ARE containing mRNAs and alleviates inflammatory responses. Cholesterol-tagged miR-16 and its mimic are novel anti-inflammatory molecules that can be specifically targeted to, via through CD36 expressing, "inflamed" cells and thus serve as therapeutic candidates to alleviate inflammatory diseases.
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Anwar MK, Ahmed U, Rehman Z, Fahim A, Jamal SB, Faheem M, Hanif R. Structural and functional characterization of disease-associated NOTCH4: a potential modulator of PI3K/AKT-mediated insulin signaling pathway. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02281-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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He L, Hu X, Day DB, Yan M, Teng Y, Liu XL, Yan E, Xiang J, Qiu X, Mo J, Zhang Y, Zhang JJ, Gong J. The associations of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures with plasma glucose and amino acids. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117945. [PMID: 34426189 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) have been widely studied for their mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. This study aims to investigate whether exposure to nitro-PAHs is associated with biomarkers of carbohydrate metabolism, an underlying risk factor for metabolic disorder. Early morning urine and blood samples were longitudinally collected two times with a four-week interval from 43 healthy adults. Five urinary amino-PAHs (1-aminonaphthalene, 2-aminonaphthalene, 9-aminophenanthrene, 2-aminofluorene, and 1-aminopyrene) were measured as biomarkers of nitro-PAH exposures. We measured plasma concentrations of glucose and six amino acids that can regulate insulin secretion, including aspartate (Asp), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), alanine (Ala), Arginine (Arg), and ornithine (Orn). We found that increasing concentrations of 9-aminophenanthrene were significantly associated with increasing glucose levels and with decreasing Asp, Glu, Ala, and Orn levels. We estimated that 26.4 %-43.8 % of the 9-aminophenanthrene-associated increase in glucose level was mediated by Asp, Glu, and Orn. These results suggest that exposure to certain nitro-PAHs affects glucose homeostasis, partly resulting from the depletion of insulin-stimulating amino acids (Asp, Glu, and Orn).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xinyan Hu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Drew B Day
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98145, United States
| | - Meilin Yan
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanbo Teng
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, 215316, China
| | - Xing Lucy Liu
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Erik Yan
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, 215316, China
| | - Jianbang Xiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, 215316, China
| | - Jicheng Gong
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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8
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Ng YH, Okolo CA, Erickson JR, Baldi JC, Jones PP. Protein O-GlcNAcylation in the heart. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 233:e13696. [PMID: 34057811 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that is extremely labile and plays a significant role in physiology, including the heart. Sustained activation of cardiac O-GlcNAcylation is frequently associated with alterations in cellular metabolism, leading to detrimental effects on cardiovascular function. This is particularly true during conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiac remodelling, heart failure and arrhythmogenesis. Paradoxically, transient elevation of cardiac protein O-GlcNAcylation can also exert beneficial effects in the heart. There is compelling evidence to suggest that a complex interaction between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation also exists in the heart. Beyond direct functional consequences on cardiomyocytes, O-GlcNAcylation also acts indirectly by altering the function of transcription factors that affect downstream signalling. This review focuses on the potential cardioprotective role of protein O-GlcNAcylation during ischaemia-reperfusion injury, the deleterious consequences of chronically elevated O-GlcNAc levels, the interplay between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation in the cardiomyocytes and the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on other major non-myocyte cell types in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Huey Ng
- Department of Medicine and HeartOtago University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Chidinma A. Okolo
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
- Life Sciences Division Diamond Light Source LtdHarwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot UK
| | - Jeffrey R. Erickson
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - James C. Baldi
- Department of Medicine and HeartOtago University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Peter P. Jones
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
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9
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Ma J, Wu C, Hart GW. Analytical and Biochemical Perspectives of Protein O-GlcNAcylation. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1513-1581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Yang S, Zhou M, Wang B, Mu G, Wang X, Yuan J, Chen W. Lipid peroxidation mediated the association of urinary 1-bromopropane metabolites with plasma glucose and the risk of diabetes: A cross-sectional study of urban adults in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:121889. [PMID: 31859167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to 1-bromopropane (1-BP) has been reported to cause glutathione depletion and increase the level of oxidative damage, which play critical roles in diabetes. However, the possible associations or mechanisms of the exposure of 1-BP with the plasma glucose level and the risk of diabetes are unclear. In this study, we explored the relationships of the urinary 1-BP metabolite N-Acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-l-cysteine (BPMA) with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and the risk of diabetes, and the mediating role of oxidative damage in the above relationships in 3678 urban adults from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort in China. We found a significant dose-response relationship between BPMA and FPG levels with a β of 0.09 (95 % CI: 0.04, 0.14). In addition, mediating effect of urinary BPMA on FPG levels was observed depending on elevated 8-isoprostane level, with a median proportion of 32.06 %. Furthermore, we observed a significant association between urinary BPMA and the risk of diabetes, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.34 (1.18, 1.52) for all participants. These results indicated that urinary 1-BP metabolites were positively associated with FPG levels and the risk of diabetes among urban adults in this cross-sectional study. Lipid peroxidation partially mediated the association between urinary 1-BP metabolites and FPG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Yang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhoang University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhoang University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhoang University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ge Mu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhoang University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhoang University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhoang University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhoang University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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11
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Abstract
The glycome describes the complete repertoire of glycoconjugates composed of carbohydrate chains, or glycans, that are covalently linked to lipid or protein molecules. Glycoconjugates are formed through a process called glycosylation and can differ in their glycan sequences, the connections between them and their length. Glycoconjugate synthesis is a dynamic process that depends on the local milieu of enzymes, sugar precursors and organelle structures as well as the cell types involved and cellular signals. Studies of rare genetic disorders that affect glycosylation first highlighted the biological importance of the glycome, and technological advances have improved our understanding of its heterogeneity and complexity. Researchers can now routinely assess how the secreted and cell-surface glycomes reflect overall cellular status in health and disease. In fact, changes in glycosylation can modulate inflammatory responses, enable viral immune escape, promote cancer cell metastasis or regulate apoptosis; the composition of the glycome also affects kidney function in health and disease. New insights into the structure and function of the glycome can now be applied to therapy development and could improve our ability to fine-tune immunological responses and inflammation, optimize the performance of therapeutic antibodies and boost immune responses to cancer. These examples illustrate the potential of the emerging field of 'glycomedicine'.
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12
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Topal M. The inhibition profile of sesamol against α-glycosidase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1656234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Topal
- Vocational School of Health Services, Gumushane University, Gumushane University, Gumushane, Turkey
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13
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Li Y, Gao Q, Li L, Shen Y, Lu Q, Huang J, Sun C, Wang H, Qiao N, Wang C, Zhang H, Wang T. Additive interaction of snoring and body mass index on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Chinese coal mine employees: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:28. [PMID: 30832625 PMCID: PMC6399959 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although snoring has been previously reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), its interaction with body mass index(BMI) on MetS remains unclear. We aimed to examine the individual effects and possible interaction between snoring and BMI on MetS. METHODS From July 2013 to December 2013, 3794 employees of coal mining enterprises aged 18 to 65 were recruited from Shanxi province of China. The individual effects were assessed by multivariable logistic regression model. Additive interaction was evaluated by calculating the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index(S). RESULTS We found that, after adjusting for potential confounders, odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for MetS was 1.30 (1.09, 1.56) in occasional snorers and 1.50 (1.24, 1.82) in habitual snorers compared with non-snorers. BMI ≥ 24 was related to high risk of MetS (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 2.93-3.63). Significant additive interaction between snoring and BMI on MetS was detected. The estimates and 95% CI of the RERI, AP and S were 1.89 (0.67, 3.24), 0.23 (0.08, 0.38), and 1.37 (1.11, 1.75), respectively. However, stratified by workplace, the additive interaction was only significant among underground front-line and ground workers. CONCLUSIONS Both Snoring and BMI were related to high risk of Mets. Moreover, there are additive interaction between snoring and BMI. Snorers who worked underground front-line and ground are more susceptible to the negative impact of being overweight on MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Shen
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Jianjun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mining Group, Datong, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Datong Coal Mining Group, Datong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Qiao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannanlu Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001 People’s Republic of China
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14
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Abboud KY, Reis SK, Martelli ME, Zordão OP, Tannihão F, de Souza AZZ, Assalin HB, Guadagnini D, Rocha GZ, Saad MJA, Prada PO. Oral Glutamine Supplementation Reduces Obesity, Pro-Inflammatory Markers, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in DIO Wistar Rats and Reduces Waist Circumference in Overweight and Obese Humans. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030536. [PMID: 30832230 PMCID: PMC6471297 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether chronic oral glutamine (Gln) supplementation may alter metabolic parameters and the inflammatory profile in overweight and obese humans as well as whether Gln may modulate molecular pathways in key tissues linked to the insulin action in rats. Thirty-nine overweight/obese volunteers received 30 g of Gln or alanine (Ala-control) for 14 days. Body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), hormones, and pro-inflammatory markers were evaluated. To investigate molecular mechanisms, Gln or Ala was given to Wistar rats on a high-fat diet (HFD), and metabolic parameters, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp with tracers, and Western blot were done. Gln reduced WC and serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in overweight volunteers. In the obese group, Gln diminished WC and serum insulin. There was a positive correlation between the reduction on WC and LPS. In rats on HFD, Gln reduced adiposity, improved insulin action and signaling, and reversed both defects in glucose metabolism in the liver and muscle. Gln supplementation increased muscle glucose uptake and reversed the increased hepatic glucose production, in parallel with a reduced glucose uptake in adipose tissue. This insulin resistance in AT was accompanied by enhanced IRS1 O-linked-glycosamine association in this tissue, but not in the liver and muscle. These data suggest that Gln supplementation leads to insulin resistance specifically in adipose tissue via the hexosamine pathway and reduces adipose mass, which is associated with improvement in the systemic insulin action. Thus, further investigation with Gln supplementation should be performed for longer periods in humans before prescribing as a beneficial therapeutic approach for individuals who are overweight and obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahlile Youssef Abboud
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350 SP, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina Karen Reis
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350 SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Eduarda Martelli
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350 SP, Brazil.
| | - Olivia Pizetta Zordão
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887 SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Tannihão
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350 SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Heloisa Balan Assalin
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887 SP, Brazil.
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887 SP, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Zweig Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887 SP, Brazil.
| | - Mario Jose Abdalla Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887 SP, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Oliveira Prada
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350 SP, Brazil.
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887 SP, Brazil.
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15
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Shrestha S, Kumar Singh V, Kumar Sarkar S, Shanmugasundaram B, Jeevaratnam K, Chandra Koner B. Effect of sub-toxic exposure to Malathion on glucose uptake and insulin signaling in L6 myoblast derived myotubes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:663-670. [PMID: 30486685 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1531881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical basis of Malathion exposure-induced diabetes mellitus is not known. Hence, effects of its sub-toxic exposure on redox sensitive kinases (RSKs), insulin signaling and insulin-induced glucose uptake were assessed in rat muscle cell line. In this in vitro study, rat myoblast (L6) cells were differentiated to myotubes and were exposed to sub-toxic concentrations (10 mg/l and 20 mg/l) of Malathion for 18 hours. Total antioxidant level and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by myotubes were assayed. Activation of JNK, NFκB, p38MAPK and insulin signaling from tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and serine phosphorylation of Akt were assessed in myotubes after Malathion exposure by western blot and was compared with those in controls. Paraoxonase (PON) activity was measured in cell lysate using p-nitrophenyl acetate as substrate. PON1 and PON2 expression in myotubes were assessed by PCR. The glucose uptake and total antioxidant level in L6-derived myotubes after sub-toxic exposure to Malathion were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Phosphorylation levels of RSKs (JNK, p38MAPK and IκBα component of NFκB) were increased and that of IRS-1 and Akt on insulin stimulation was decreased following Malathion exposure as compared to those in controls. PON1 and PON2 genes were expressed in myotubes with and without Malathion exposure. Significant PON activity was present in cell lysate. We conclude that sub-toxic Malathion exposure induces oxidative stress in muscle cells activating RSKs that impairs insulin signaling and thereby insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle cells. This probably explains the biochemical basis of Malathion-induced insulin resistance state and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrijana Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sajib Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Kadirvelu Jeevaratnam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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16
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Sahajpal NS, Goel RK, Chaubey A, Aurora R, Jain SK. Pathological Perturbations in Diabetic Retinopathy: Hyperglycemia, AGEs, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2018; 20:92-110. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180928123449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the leading cause of blindness in working-aged adults
around the world. The proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are
the severe vision threatening stages of the disorder. Although, a huge body of research exists in elaborating
the pathological mechanisms that lead to the development of DR, the certainty and the correlation
amongst these pathways remain ambiguous. The complexity of DR lies in the multifactorial pathological
perturbations that are instrumental in both the disease development and its progression. Therefore, a holistic
perspective with an understanding of these pathways and their correlation may explain the pathogenesis
of DR as a unifying mechanism. Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways
are the crucial components that are implicated in the pathogenesis of DR. Of these, hyperglycemia appears
to be the initiating central component around which other pathological processes operate. Thus,
this review discusses the role of hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of
DR, and highlights the cross-talk amongst these pathways in an attempt to understand the complex interplay
of these mechanisms. Further, an effort has been made to identify the knowledge gap and the key
players in each pathway that may serve as potential therapeutic drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Shri Sahajpal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Alka Chaubey
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, SC, United States
| | - Rohan Aurora
- The International School Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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17
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Lu H, Bogdanovic E, Yu Z, Cho C, Liu L, Ho K, Guo J, Yeung LSN, Lehmann R, Hundal HS, Giacca A, Fantus IG. Combined Hyperglycemia- and Hyperinsulinemia-Induced Insulin Resistance in Adipocytes Is Associated With Dual Signaling Defects Mediated by PKC-ζ. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1658-1677. [PMID: 29370351 PMCID: PMC5939637 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic environment characteristic of type 2 diabetes causes insulin resistance. In adipocytes, defects in both insulin sensitivity and maximum response of glucose transport have been demonstrated. To investigate the molecular mechanisms, freshly isolated rat adipocytes were incubated in control (5.6 mM glucose, no insulin) and high glucose (20 mM)/high insulin (100 nM) (HG/HI) for 18 hours to induce insulin resistance. Insulin-resistant adipocytes manifested decreased sensitivity of glucose uptake associated with defects in insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 Tyr phosphorylation, association of p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, Akt Ser473 and Thr308 phosphorylation, accompanied by impaired glucose transporter 4 translocation. In contrast, protein kinase C (PKC)-ζ activity was augmented by chronic HG/HI. Inhibition of PKC-ζ with a specific cell-permeable peptide reversed the signaling defects and insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake. Transfection of dominant-negative, kinase-inactive PKC-ζ blocked insulin resistance, whereas constitutively active PKC-ζ recapitulated the defects. The HG/HI incubation was associated with stimulation of IRS-1 Ser318 and Akt Thr34 phosphorylation, targets of PKC-ζ. Transfection of IRS-1 S318A and Akt T34A each partially corrected insulin signaling, whereas combined transfection of both completely normalized insulin signaling. In vivo hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia in rats for 48 hours similarly resulted in activation of PKC-ζ and increased phosphorylation of IRS-1 Ser318 and Akt Thr34. These data indicate that impairment of insulin signaling by chronic HG/HI is mediated by dual defects at IRS-1 and Akt mediated by PKC-ζ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huogen Lu
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Bogdanovic
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhiwen Yu
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Cho
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lijiang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Ho
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - June Guo
- Department of Physiology, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucy S N Yeung
- Department of Physiology, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reiner Lehmann
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Metabolism, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Harinder S Hundal
- Division of Molecular Physiology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - I George Fantus
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence: I. George Fantus, MD, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph and Wolfe Lebovic Building, 60 Murray Street, 5th Floor, Room 5028, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3L9, Canada. E-mail:
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18
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Lee YH, Kweon SS, Choi JS, Nam HS, Park KS, Choi SW, Oh SH, Kim SA, Shin MH. A Gender-Specific Association between Self-Reported Snoring and Hemoglobin A1c Levels in a General Population without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:1152-1159. [PMID: 29047239 PMCID: PMC5653480 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.6.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We explored whether a gender difference was evident in terms of the associations of snoring with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels in a healthy population without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 2706 males and 4080 females who participated in the baseline survey of the Namwon Study. In terms of self-reported snoring frequency, participants were classified as non-snorers or occasional (1-3 days/week), frequent (4-6 days/week), or constant (7 days/week) snorers. Participants with DM, defined as a fasting blood glucose level ≥126 mg/dL and/or use of insulin or hypoglycemic medication, were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS In females, the fully adjusted mean (95% confidence interval) HbA1c levels in non-snorers and in occasional, frequent, and constant snorers were 5.53% (5.47-5.59%), 5.53% (5.47-5.59%), 5.57% (5.49-5.64%), and 5.57% (5.51-5.64%), respectively, reflecting a dose-response relationship (p trend=0.004). Compared with female non-snorers, the risk of an elevated HbA1c level (top quintile, ≥5.9%) in constant snorers remained significant (odds ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.66) after full adjustment. In addition, in females, a significant linear trend in HbA1c level odds ratio by increased snoring frequency was apparent (p trend=0.019 in model 3). In contrast, no significant association between snoring frequency and HbA1c level was identified in males. No significant association between snoring frequency and HOMA-IR was detected in either gender. CONCLUSION We discovered a gender-specific association between snoring and HbA1c level in a healthy, community-dwelling population free of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
- Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Sun Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jin Su Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hae Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seonam University College of Medicine, Namwon, Korea
| | - Seong Woo Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Sun A Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Min Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
- Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
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19
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Inhibition of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11612. [PMID: 27194471 PMCID: PMC4874037 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise molecular alterations driving castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are not clearly understood. Using a novel network-based integrative approach, here, we show distinct alterations in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) to be critical for CRPC. Expression of HBP enzyme glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1 (GNPNAT1) is found to be significantly decreased in CRPC compared with localized prostate cancer (PCa). Genetic loss-of-function of GNPNAT1 in CRPC-like cells increases proliferation and aggressiveness, in vitro and in vivo. This is mediated by either activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in cells expressing full-length androgen receptor (AR) or by specific protein 1 (SP1)-regulated expression of carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) in cells containing AR-V7 variant. Strikingly, addition of the HBP metabolite UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) to CRPC-like cells significantly decreases cell proliferation, both in-vitro and in animal studies, while also demonstrates additive efficacy when combined with enzalutamide in-vitro. These observations demonstrate the therapeutic value of targeting HBP in CRPC. The molecular alterations driving anti-androgen resistance in prostate cancer are unclear. Here, the authors show, using a network-based approach, that inhibition of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway is necessary to develop resistance and that increasing the activity of the pathway enhances the anti-androgen response.
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20
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Abstract
Unlike the complex glycans decorating the cell surface, the O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is a simple intracellular Ser/Thr-linked monosaccharide that is important for disease-relevant signaling and enzyme regulation. O-GlcNAcylation requires uridine diphosphate-GlcNAc, a precursor responsive to nutrient status and other environmental cues. Alternative splicing of the genes encoding the O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) yields isoforms targeted to discrete sites in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. OGT and OGA also partner with cellular effectors and act in tandem with other posttranslational modifications. The enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling act preferentially on intrinsically disordered domains of target proteins impacting transcription, metabolism, apoptosis, organelle biogenesis, and transport.
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21
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Campbell BK, Kendall NR, Onions V, Guo L, Scaramuzzi RJ. Effect of monosaccharide sugars on LH-induced differentiation and sugar transport facilitator (SLC2A) expression in sheep theca cells in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 26:453-61. [PMID: 23711112 DOI: 10.1071/rd12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of glucose, galactose and fructose on the LH-induced differentiation and mRNA expression of sugar transport facilitators (SLC2A) by sheep thecal cells derived from small antral follicles cultured under serum-free conditions for 6 days. The dose and type of monosaccharide had a significant effect on LH-induced androstenedione production by theca cells and there was a significant interaction (P<0.001). Glucose and galactose were used with equal efficiency so that cell numbers and androstenedione production at the end of the culture were comparable. Pharmacological doses of glucose (16.7 mM) inhibited steroidogenesis (P<0.05). Cell numbers and androstenedione production by cells cultured with fructose were lower than for cells cultured with either glucose or galactose (P<0.001). None of the monosaccharides resulted in the production of lactate. Expression of SLC2A1, SLC2A4 and SLC2A8, but not SLC2A5, mRNA was detected in fresh and cultured theca cells. Large doses (16.7 mM) of glucose and fructose, but not galactose, suppressed (P<0.05) SLC2A expression. The results show that glucose and galactose, but not fructose, are readily metabolised via oxidative pathways to support LH-induced differentiation of sheep theca cells. Further work is required to determine the mechanisms resulting in these differences in relation to the established effects of nutrition on reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Campbell
- Division of Human Development, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - N R Kendall
- Division of Human Development, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - V Onions
- Division of Human Development, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - L Guo
- Division of Human Development, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - R J Scaramuzzi
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
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22
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Bogdanovic E, Kraus N, Patsouris D, Diao L, Wang V, Abdullahi A, Jeschke MG. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in adipose tissue augments lipolysis. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:82-91. [PMID: 25381905 PMCID: PMC4288352 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle important for protein synthesis and folding, lipid synthesis and Ca2+ homoeostasis. Consequently, ER stress or dysfunction affects numerous cellular processes and has been implicated as a contributing factor in several pathophysiological conditions. Tunicamycin induces ER stress in various cell types in vitro as well as in vivo. In mice, a hallmark of tunicamycin administration is the development of fatty livers within 24–48 hrs accompanied by hepatic ER stress. We hypothesized that tunicamycin would induce ER stress in adipose tissue that would lead to increased lipolysis and subsequently to fatty infiltration of the liver and hepatomegaly. Our results show that intraperitoneal administration of tunicamycin rapidly induced an ER stress response in adipose tissue that correlated with increased circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol along with decreased adipose tissue mass and lipid droplet size. Furthermore, we found that in addition to fatty infiltration of the liver as well as hepatomegaly, lipid accumulation was also present in the heart, skeletal muscle and kidney. To corroborate our findings to a clinical setting, we examined adipose tissue from burned patients where increases in lipolysis and the development of fatty livers have been well documented. We found that burned patients displayed significant ER stress within adipose tissue and that ER stress augments lipolysis in cultured human adipocytes. Our results indicate a possible role for ER stress induced lipolysis in adipose tissue as an underlying mechanism contributing to increases in circulating FFAs and fatty infiltration into other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bogdanovic
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Vaidyanathan K, Wells L. Multiple tissue-specific roles for the O-GlcNAc post-translational modification in the induction of and complications arising from type II diabetes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34466-71. [PMID: 25336652 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r114.591560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this minireview, we will highlight work in the last 30 years that has clearly demonstrated that the O-GlcNAc modification is nutrient-responsive and plays multiple roles in metabolic regulation of signaling and gene expression. Further, we will examine recent studies that have investigated the impact of O-GlcNAc in a variety of glucose- and insulin-responsive tissues and the roles attributed to O-GlcNAc in the induction of insulin resistance and glucose toxicity, the hallmarks of type II diabetes mellitus. We will also summarize potential causal roles for the O-GlcNAc modification in complications associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Vaidyanathan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-1516
| | - Lance Wells
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-1516
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24
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De Palma S, Capitanio D, Vasso M, Braghetta P, Scotton C, Bonaldo P, Lochmüller H, Muntoni F, Ferlini A, Gelfi C. Muscle Proteomics Reveals Novel Insights into the Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Collagen VI Myopathies. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5022-30. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500675e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Palma
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan 20090, Italy
- Institute
of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Cefalù
90015 − Segrate 20090, Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan 20090, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico
San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan 20097, Italy
| | - Michele Vasso
- Institute
of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Cefalù
90015 − Segrate 20090, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Chiara Scotton
- Department
of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Centre
for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London, Institute of
Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Ferlini
- Department
of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan 20090, Italy
- Institute
of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Cefalù
90015 − Segrate 20090, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico
San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan 20097, Italy
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25
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Bodiga VL, Eda SR, Bodiga S. Advanced glycation end products: role in pathology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Heart Fail Rev 2014; 19:49-63. [PMID: 23404649 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-013-9374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a pivotal role in the development and progression of diabetic heart failure, although there are numerous other factors that mediate the disease response. AGEs are generated intra- and extracellularly as a result of chronic hyperglycemia. Then, following the interaction with receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs), a series of events leading to vascular and myocardial damage are elicited and sustained, which include oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and enhanced extracellular matrix accumulation resulting in diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Whereas targeting glycemic control and treating additional risk factors, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, are mandatory to reduce chronic complications and prolong life expectancy in diabetic patients, drug therapy tailored to reducing the deleterious effects of the AGE-RAGE interactions is being actively investigated and showing signs of promise in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy and associated heart failure. This review shall discuss the formation of AGEs in diabetic heart tissue, potential targets of glycation in the myocardium, and underlying mechanisms that lead to diabetic cardiomyopathy and heart failure along with the use of AGE inhibitors and breakers in mitigating myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Lakshmi Bodiga
- Department of Biotechnology, Krishna University, Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Deary V, Ellis JG, Wilson JA, Coulter C, Barclay NL. Simple snoring: not quite so simple after all? Sleep Med Rev 2014; 18:453-62. [PMID: 24888523 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Simple snoring (SS), in the absence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), is a common problem, yet our understanding of its causes and consequences is incomplete. Our understanding is blurred by the lack of consistency in the definition of snoring, methods of assessment, and degree of concomitant complaints. Further, it remains contentious whether SS is independently associated with daytime sleepiness, or adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Regardless of this lack of clarity, it is likely that SS exists on one end of a continuum, with OSA at its polar end. This possibility highlights the necessity of considering an otherwise 'annoying' complaint, as a serious risk factor for the development and progression of sleep apnoea, and consequent poor health outcomes. In this review, we: 1) highlight variation in prevalence estimates of snoring; 2) review the literature surrounding the distinctions between SS, upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) and OSA; 3) present the risk factors for SS, in as far as it is distinguishable from UARS and OSA; and 4) describe common correlates of snoring, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Deary
- Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jason G Ellis
- Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Janet A Wilson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Newcastle University, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Nicola L Barclay
- Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Thalacker-Mercer AE, Ingram KH, Guo F, Ilkayeva O, Newgard CB, Garvey WT. BMI, RQ, diabetes, and sex affect the relationships between amino acids and clamp measures of insulin action in humans. Diabetes 2014; 63:791-800. [PMID: 24130332 PMCID: PMC3900549 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have used indirect measures of insulin sensitivity to link circulating amino acids with insulin resistance and identify potential biomarkers of diabetes risk. Using direct measures (i.e., hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps), we examined the relationships between the metabolomic amino acid profile and insulin action (i.e., glucose disposal rate [GDR]). Relationships between GDR and serum amino acids were determined among insulin-sensitive, insulin-resistant, and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) individuals. In all subjects, glycine (Gly) had the strongest correlation with GDR (positive association), followed by leucine/isoleucine (Leu/Ile) (negative association). These relationships were dramatically influenced by BMI, the resting respiratory quotient (RQ), T2DM, and sex. Gly had a strong positive correlation with GDR regardless of BMI, RQ, or sex but became nonsignificant in T2DM. In contrast, Leu/Ile was negatively associated with GDR in nonobese and T2DM subjects. Increased resting fat metabolism (i.e., low RQ) and obesity were observed to independently promote and negate the association between Leu/Ile and insulin resistance, respectively. Additionally, the relationship between Leu/Ile and GDR was magnified in T2DM males. Future studies are needed to determine whether Gly has a mechanistic role in glucose homeostasis and whether dietary Gly enrichment may be an effective intervention in diseases characterized by insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Thalacker-Mercer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
- Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Katherine H. Ingram
- Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA
| | - Fangjian Guo
- Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - W. Timothy Garvey
- Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
- Corresponding author: W. Timothy Garvey,
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Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Current perspective and future directions. Pharmacol Res 2014; 80:21-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Dassanayaka S, Jones SP. O-GlcNAc and the cardiovascular system. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 142:62-71. [PMID: 24287310 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is capable of robust changes in response to physiologic and pathologic stimuli through intricate signaling mechanisms. The area of metabolism has witnessed a veritable renaissance in the cardiovascular system. In particular, the post-translational β-O-linkage of N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to cellular proteins represents one such signaling pathway that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. This highly dynamic protein modification may induce functional changes in proteins and regulate key cellular processes including translation, transcription, and cell death. In addition, its potential interplay with phosphorylation provides an additional layer of complexity to post-translational regulation. The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway generally requires glucose to form the nucleotide sugar, UDP-GlcNAc. Accordingly, O-GlcNAcylation may be altered in response to nutrient availability and cellular stress. Recent literature supports O-GlcNAcylation as an autoprotective response in models of acute stress (hypoxia, ischemia, oxidative stress). Models of sustained stress, such as pressure overload hypertrophy, and infarct-induced heart failure, may also require protein O-GlcNAcylation as a partial compensatory mechanism. Yet, in models of Type II diabetes, O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in the subsequent development of vascular, and even cardiac, dysfunction. This review will address this apparent paradox and discuss the potential mechanisms of O-GlcNAc-mediated cardioprotection and cardiovascular dysfunction. This discussion will also address potential targets for pharmacologic interventions and the unique considerations related to such targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujith Dassanayaka
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven P Jones
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Shin MH, Kweon SS, Choi BY, Kim MK, Chun BY, Shin DH, Lee YH. Self-reported snoring and metabolic syndrome: the Korean Multi-Rural Communities Cohort Study. Sleep Breath 2013; 18:423-30. [PMID: 24194392 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-013-0902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the association between self-reported snoring and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among a community-dwelling Korean population. METHODS A total of 7,038 subjects participated in the Korean Multi-Rural Communities Cohort Study between January 2005 and February 2010 and were included in the analysis. Frequency of snoring was classified into never, rarely (<1 day/week), occasionally (1-3 days/week), and habitually (≥4 days/week). RESULTS In the fully adjusted model, compared to non-snorers, the odds ratio (OR) for MetS of snorers was significantly higher in subjects with rare snoring (OR, 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23-1.64), occasional snoring (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.55-2.07), and habitual snoring (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.77-2.33) than those who did not snore. The ORs for abdominal obesity were significantly higher in rare snoring subjects (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.30-1.75), occasional snoring (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.47-1.98), and habitual snoring (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.80-2.38) than in non-snorers after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Snoring was significantly and linearly associated with MetS, and this association was consistently present in both sexes. Positive and graded associations were observed between snoring frequency and MetS components including high blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose levels, and abdominal obesity, independent of conventional risk factors and other MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
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Walsh AM, Sweeney T, Bahar B, O’Doherty JV. Multi-functional roles of chitosan as a potential protective agent against obesity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53828. [PMID: 23342013 PMCID: PMC3544718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide comprising copolymers of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine, has been shown to have anti-obesity properties. Two experiments (Exp. 1 and Exp. 2) were performed to determine the role of chitosan on dietary intake, body weight gain, and fat deposition in a pig model, as well as identifying potential mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity effect of chitosan. In Exp. 1, the nutrient digestibility experiment, 16 pigs (n = 4/treatment) were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments as follows: 1) basal diet; 2) basal diet plus 300 ppm chitosan; 3) basal diet plus 600 ppm chitosan; 4) basal diet plus 1200 ppm chitosan. The main observation was that crude fat digestibility was lower in the 1200 ppm chitosan group when compared with the control group (P<0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 80 pigs (n = 20/treatment) were offered identical dietary treatments to that offered to animals in Exp. 1. Blood samples were collected on day 0, day 35 and at the end of the experiment (day 57). Animals offered diets containing 1200 ppm chitosan had a lower daily dietary intake (P<0.001) and body weight gain (P<0.001) from day 35 to 57 when compared with all the other treatment groups. Animals offered diets containing 1200 ppm chitosan had a significantly lower final body weight (P<0.01) when compared with all the other treatment groups. The decreased dietary intake observed in the 1200 ppm chitosan group was associated with increased serum leptin concentrations (P<0.001) and a decrease in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study highlight novel endocrine mechanisms involving the modulation of serum leptin and CRP concentrations by which chitosan exhibits anti-obesity properties in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Walsh
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Lyons Research Farm, Newcastle, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Lyons Research Farm, Newcastle, Co. Dublin, Ireland
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V. O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Lyons Research Farm, Newcastle, Co. Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Batumalaie K, Zaman Safi S, Mohd Yusof K, Shah Ismail I, Devi Sekaran S, Qvist R. Effect of gelam honey on the oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways in pancreatic hamster cells. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:367312. [PMID: 24324490 PMCID: PMC3845241 DOI: 10.1155/2013/367312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is critically involved in the impairment of β -cell function during the development of diabetes. Methods. HIT-T15 cells were cultured in 5% CO2 and then preincubated with Gelam honey extracts (20, 40, 60, and 80 µg/mL) as well as quercetin (20, 40, 60, and 80 µM), prior to stimulation by 20 and 50 mM of glucose. Cell lysate was collected to determine the effect of honey extracts and quercetin on the stress activated NF- κ B, MAPK pathways, and the Akt (ser473) activated insulin signaling pathway. Results. HIT-T15 cells cultured under hyperglycemic conditions demonstrated insulin resistance with a significant increase in the levels of MAPK, NF- κ B, and IRS-1 serine phosphorylation (ser307); however, Akt expression and insulin contents are significantly decreased. Pretreatment with quercetin and Gelam honey extract improved insulin resistance and insulin content by reducing the expression of MAPK, NF- κ B, and IRS-1 serine phosphorylation (ser307) and increasing the expression of Akt significantly. Conclusion. Gelam honey-induced differential expression of MAPK, NF- κ B, IRS-1 (ser307), and Akt in HIT-T15 cells shows that Gelam honey exerts protective effects against diabetes- and hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress by improving insulin content and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Kalaivani Batumalaie:
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamaruddin Mohd Yusof
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canik Basari University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ikram Shah Ismail
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rajes Qvist
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kim JH, Park Y, Kim D, Good DJ, Park Y. Dietary conjugated nonadecadienoic acid prevents adult-onset obesity in nescient basic helix-loop-helix 2 knockout mice. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:556-66. [PMID: 22819563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been extensively studied during the last two decades with regard to its effects on controlling body composition. As a cognate to CLA, conjugated nonadecadienoic acid (CNA) has been previously reported to reduce body fat more effectively than CLA. However, it is not known whether CNA supplementation can influence adult-onset obesity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary CNA on the prevention of adult-onset inactivity-induced obesity using nescient basic helix-loop-helix 2 knockout (N2KO) mice. CNA supplementation at 0.1 w/w% level starting in the preobese state significantly prevented the reduction of voluntary movement and the increase in weight gain in N2KO mice during the experimental period compared to wild-type animals. In both wild-type and N2KO mice, respiratory exchange ratio was significantly reduced by CNA treatment during light and dark cycles, and dietary CNA significantly increased energy expenditure in N2KO mice. Selected gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue, muscle or liver showed a beneficial action of CNA on lipid metabolism and energy expenditure. These findings suggest that CNA could prevent adult-onset obesity by enhancing voluntary activity and energy expenditure in N2KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Tomaszewska E, Dobrowolski P, Siwicki A. Maternal treatment with dexamethasone at minimal therapeutic doses inhibits neonatal bone development in a gender-dependent manner. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Pereira-Lancha LO, Campos-Ferraz PL, Lancha AH. Obesity: considerations about etiology, metabolism, and the use of experimental models. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2012; 5:75-87. [PMID: 22570558 PMCID: PMC3346207 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s25026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have been conducted in order to identify the main factors that contribute to the development of obesity. The role of genetics has also been extensively studied. However, the substantial augmentation of obesity prevalence in the last 20 years cannot be justified only by genetic alterations that, theoretically, would have occurred in such a short time. Thus, the difference in obesity prevalence in various population groups is also related to environmental factors, especially diet and the reduction of physical activity. These aspects, interacting or not with genetic factors, could explain the excess of body fat in large proportions worldwide. This article will focus on positive energy balance, high-fat diet, alteration in appetite control hormones, insulin resistance, amino acids metabolism, and the limitation of the experimental models to address this complex issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio H Lancha
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Role of forkhead transcription factors in diabetes-induced oxidative stress. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:939751. [PMID: 22454632 PMCID: PMC3290826 DOI: 10.1155/2012/939751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder, characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin deficiency and/or insulin resistance. Recent evidence suggests that high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative stress are key contributors in the development of diabetic complications. The FOXO family of forkhead transcription factors including FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6 play important roles in the regulation of many cellular and biological processes and are critical regulators of cellular oxidative stress response pathways. FOXO1 transcription factors can affect a number of different tissues including liver, retina, bone, and cell types ranging from hepatocytes to microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes to osteoblasts. They are induced by oxidative stress and contribute to ROS-induced cell damage and apoptosis. In this paper, we discuss the role of FOXO transcription factors in mediating oxidative stress-induced cellular response.
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Alshaarawy O, Teppala S, Shankar A. Markers of Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Prediabetes in US Adults. Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:902324. [PMID: 22829819 PMCID: PMC3398596 DOI: 10.1155/2012/902324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Prediabetes is a preclinical stage in the hyperglycemia continuum where subjects are at increased risk of developing diabetes. Several studies reported a positive association between markers of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and diabetes. However, few studies investigated the relationship between SDB markers and prediabetes. Methods. We examined 5,685 participants ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008. The exposure of interest was SDB markers including sleep duration, snoring, snorting, and daytime sleepiness. The outcome was prediabetes (n = 2058), among subjects free of diabetes. Results. SDB markers were associated with prediabetes. Compared to those without any sleep disturbance, the multivariable odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of prediabetes among those with three or more SDB markers was 1.69 (1.28-2.22). In subgroup analyses, the association between SDB markers and prediabetes was stronger among women (OR (95% CI) = 2.09 (1.36-3.23) when compared to men (1.52 (1.00-2.35)) and was present among non-Hispanic whites (2.66 (1.92-3.69)) and Mexican Americans (1.99 (1.13-3.48)), but not among non-Hispanic blacks (1.10 (0.70-1.73)). Conclusion. SDB markers were associated with prediabetes. This association was stronger in women and was present mainly in non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans.
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Sun L, Pan A, Yu Z, Li H, Shi A, Yu D, Zhang G, Zong G, Liu Y, Lin X. Snoring, inflammatory markers, adipokines and metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy Chinese. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27515. [PMID: 22110665 PMCID: PMC3217970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic low-grade inflammation and adipokines dysregulation are linked to mechanisms underscoring the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Little is known about roles of these cytokines on the association between snoring and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to investigate whether a cluster of cytokines are related to snoring frequency and its association with MetS in apparently healthy Chinese. METHODS Current analyses used a population-based sample including 1059 Shanghai residents aged 35-54 years. Self-reported snoring frequency was classified as never, occasionally and regularly. Fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-18, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, high-molecular-weight adiponectin and leptin were measured. MetS was defined by the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian-Americans. RESULTS Overweight/obese subjects had significantly higher prevalence of regular snorers than their normal-weight counterparts (34.8% vs. 11.5%, P<0.001). Regular snoring was associated with unfavorable profile of inflammatory markers and adipokines. However, those associations were abolished after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference. The MetS risk (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio 5.41, 95% confidence interval 3.72-7.88) was substantially higher in regular snorers compared with non-snorers. Controlling for BMI remarkably attenuated the association (2.03, 1.26-3.26), while adjusting for inflammatory markers and adipokines showed little effects. CONCLUSION Frequent snoring was associated with an elevated MetS risk independent of lifestyle factors, adiposity, inflammatory markers and adipokines in apparently healthy Chinese. Whether snoring pattern is an economic and no-invasive indicator for screening high-risk persons needs to be addressed prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- SIBS-Novo Nordisk Translational Research Centre for PreDiabetes, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaixing Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Aizhen Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Danxia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Zong
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Shim U, Lee H, Oh JY, Sung YA. Sleep disorder and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Korean J Intern Med 2011; 26:277-84. [PMID: 22016588 PMCID: PMC3192200 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2011.26.3.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Sleep disorder (SD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and is more prevalent among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These health problems not only frequently coexist but also exacerbate each other. We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of SD among diabetic patients and to investigate the relationship between SD and cardiovascular risk among these patients. METHODS We recruited 784 patients with type 2 diabetes and conducted a self-administered questionnaire. We assessed sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using the Berlin Questionnaire. Additional information included blood pressure and metabolic profiles. RESULTS Of the 784 diabetic patients, 301 (38.4%) patients had poor sleep quality, and 124 (15.8%) were at high risk for OSA. Patients at increased risk for OSA were more obese; they also had higher blood pressure, fasting plasma insulin levels, insulin resistance assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), and serum triglycerides levels (p < 0.05). The frequency of risk for OSA was higher among obese patients compared with non-obese patients (34.8% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that male sex and bone mass index were independent predictors of risk for OSA. CONCLUSIONS SD was prevalent among type 2 diabetic patients, and OSA could aggravate their risk for cardiovascular disease. Clinical treatment of these patients should include evaluation and intervention for SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unjin Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Young Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ah Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ali AA, Lewis SM, Badgley HL, Allaben WT, Leakey JE. Oral glucosamine increases expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA in rat cartilage and kidney: Implications for human efficacy and toxicity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 510:11-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Tanner JM, Chang TI, Harada ND, Santiago SM, Weinreb JE, Friedlander AH. Prevalence of comorbid obstructive sleep apnea and metabolic syndrome: syndrome Z and maxillofacial surgery implications. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 70:179-87. [PMID: 21601341 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of the recently identified syndrome Z (SZ), which is the co-occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; hypoxia, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, nocturnal arrhythmias) and metabolic syndrome (MetS; increased abdominal girth, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased high-density lipoprotein, hypertension, increased fasting glucose), which places the surgical patient at heightened risk of perioperative complications (myocardial infarction, stroke, pneumonia, wound infection). MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic medical records of 296 male veterans were assessed for the presence of SZ using the American Academy of Sleep Medicine definition of OSA and a modified Adult Treatment Panel III definition of MetS, where obesity was defined by a body mass index of at least 30 kg/m(2) rather than by waist circumference. RESULTS SZ was diagnosed in 59% of patients. These individuals commonly exhibited severe OSA and least commonly mild OSA. The more severe the OSA, the more likely (60%) that patients manifested moderate (4 risk markers) or severe (5 risk markers) MetS. Furthermore, with increasing apnea-hypopnea index values, the more severe were the MetS elements. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate the high prevalence rate of MetS in patients with OSA seeking treatment. Given the risk of perioperative complications, it is suggested that all patients scheduled for maxillofacial surgical procedures to treat OSA be evaluated for SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Tanner
- Oral and Maxillofacial Section, Dental Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Guinez C, Filhoulaud G, Rayah-Benhamed F, Marmier S, Dubuquoy C, Dentin R, Moldes M, Burnol AF, Yang X, Lefebvre T, Girard J, Postic C. O-GlcNAcylation increases ChREBP protein content and transcriptional activity in the liver. Diabetes 2011; 60:1399-413. [PMID: 21471514 PMCID: PMC3292313 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a key transcription factor that mediates the effects of glucose on glycolytic and lipogenic genes in the liver. We have previously reported that liver-specific inhibition of ChREBP prevents hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice by specifically decreasing lipogenic rates in vivo. To better understand the regulation of ChREBP activity in the liver, we investigated the implication of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc or O-GlcNAcylation), an important glucose-dependent posttranslational modification playing multiple roles in transcription, protein stabilization, nuclear localization, and signal transduction. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS O-GlcNAcylation is highly dynamic through the action of two enzymes: the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which transfers the monosaccharide to serine/threonine residues on a target protein, and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which hydrolyses the sugar. To modulate ChREBP(OG) in vitro and in vivo, the OGT and OGA enzymes were overexpressed or inhibited via adenoviral approaches in mouse hepatocytes and in the liver of C57BL/6J or obese db/db mice. RESULTS Our study shows that ChREBP interacts with OGT and is subjected to O-GlcNAcylation in liver cells. O-GlcNAcylation stabilizes the ChREBP protein and increases its transcriptional activity toward its target glycolytic (L-PK) and lipogenic genes (ACC, FAS, and SCD1) when combined with an active glucose flux in vivo. Indeed, OGT overexpression significantly increased ChREBP(OG) in liver nuclear extracts from fed C57BL/6J mice, leading in turn to enhanced lipogenic gene expression and to excessive hepatic triglyceride deposition. In the livers of hyperglycemic obese db/db mice, ChREBP(OG) levels were elevated compared with controls. Interestingly, reducing ChREBP(OG) levels via OGA overexpression decreased lipogenic protein content (ACC, FAS), prevented hepatic steatosis, and improved the lipidic profile of OGA-treated db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results reveal that O-GlcNAcylation represents an important novel regulation of ChREBP activity in the liver under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Guinez
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Filhoulaud
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Fadila Rayah-Benhamed
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Solenne Marmier
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Céline Dubuquoy
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Dentin
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marthe Moldes
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Burnol
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology, UMR 8576, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jean Girard
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cancer, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
- Corresponding author: Catherine Postic,
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Evans WJ, Farrell PA. The Aging Pancreas: Effects of Aging on Insulin Secretion and Action. Compr Physiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp070232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Campbell BK, Onions V, Kendall NR, Guo L, Scaramuzzi RJ. The effect of monosaccharide sugars and pyruvate on the differentiation and metabolism of sheep granulosa cells in vitro. Reproduction 2010; 140:541-50. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of three monosaccharides or pyruvate on the ability of gonadotrophins to induce cellular proliferation and differentiation of cultured sheep granulosa cells. Lactate production and levels of mRNA expression for the glucose transporters SLC2A1, SLC2A4, SLC2A5 and SLC2A8 were also determined. No energy source in the culture media reduced cell number (50%) and oestradiol (E2) production. Dose and type of monosaccharide had a highly significant (P<0.001) effect on FSH-induced differentiation of the granulosa cells, and there was a highly significant interaction (P<0.001). Glucose supported higher levels of E2production than fructose, which was in turn higher than galactose (P<0.001). In contrast, pyruvate at low doses supported similar levels of E2production as glucose, but higher doses were markedly inhibitory to E2production (P<0.001). Cells responded positively to insulin (P<0.001) in the presence of all three monosaccharides. Glucose and the high doses of fructose resulted in the accumulation of lactate (P<0.001), but pyruvate, galactose and the low dose of fructose resulted in low lactate production. SLC2A5 expression was not detected and SLC2A8 expression was not affected, but SLC2A1 and SLC2A4 expression was depressed (P<0.05) by culture in the presence of fructose and glucose. These data show that glucose, metabolised under anoxic conditions to lactate, is the preferred energy substrate to support the gonadotrophin-induced differentiation of ovine granulosa cellsin vitro, and that fructose and pyruvate, but not galactose, are alternative energy substrates despite marked differences in the way these substrates are metabolised.
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Teo CF, Wollaston-Hayden EE, Wells L. Hexosamine flux, the O-GlcNAc modification, and the development of insulin resistance in adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 318:44-53. [PMID: 19799964 PMCID: PMC2855202 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Excess flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in adipocytes is a fundamental cause of "glucose toxicity" and the development of insulin resistance that leads to type II diabetes. Adipose tissue-specific elevation in hexosamine flux in animal models recapitulates whole-body insulin-resistant phenotypes, and increased hexosamine flux in adipocyte cell culture models impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Many studies have been devoted to unveiling the molecular mechanisms in adipocytes in response to excess hexosamine flux-mediated insulin resistance. As a major downstream event consuming and incorporating the final product of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, dynamic and inducible O-GlcNAc modification is emerging as a modulator of insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. Given that O-GlcNAc is implicated in both insulin-mediated signal transduction and transcriptional events essential for adipocytokine secretion, direct functional studies to pinpoint the roles of O-GlcNAc in the development of insulin resistance via excess flux through hexosamine biosynthesis pathway are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Fen Teo
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Schelbach CJ, Kind KL, Lane M, Thompson JG. Mechanisms contributing to the reduced developmental competence of glucosamine-exposed mouse oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:771-9. [DOI: 10.1071/rd09193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosamine (GlcN) is a widely used hyperglycaemia mimetic because of its ability to upregulate the ‘energy-sensing’ hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in a dose-dependent manner. A previous study demonstrated that addition of GlcN (2.5–5 mM) during IVM of cattle and pig cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) inhibited development following fertilisation and early cleavage. In the present study, we demonstrate that the addition of 2.5 mM GlcN during IVM of mouse COCs similarly inhibits embryo development, with the degree of inhibition dependent upon the availability of glucose in the maturation medium. Furthermore, we determined that the effect of GlcN is likely mediated by the cumulus cell vestment, because we failed to observe inhibitory effects of GlcN following maturation of denuded (and therefore already developmentally compromised) oocytes. As with cattle oocytes, inhibition of O-linked glycosylation of unknown proteins within mouse cumulus cells significantly reversed the effects of GlcN. Finally, we also provide preliminary evidence that GlcN may inhibit the pentose phosphate metabolic pathway within the oocyte, an effect possibly mediated by cumulus cells in intact COCs. Collectively, our results demonstrate that GlcN inhibits the developmental competence of IVM mouse oocytes and suggest that this occurs via cumulus cell-mediated mechanisms. Therefore, the in vitro addition of GlcN is a useful experimental tool to determine the mechanisms of hyperglycaemic responses within COCs.
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Houseknecht KL, Spurlock ME. Leptin regulation of lipid homeostasis: dietary and metabolic implications. Nutr Res Rev 2009; 16:83-96. [PMID: 19079939 DOI: 10.1079/nrr200256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is a 16 kDa protein synthesized and secreted primarily from adipocytes. Leptin acts centrally to regulate appetite and energy expenditure and has peripheral effects to coordinate whole-body energy metabolism. Leptin acts as an energy balance and nutrient sensor; its expression and function are regulated by endocrine and dietary factors. Leptin regulates lipid metabolism, specifically lipid storage in adipocytes as well as in skeletal muscle, liver and the pancreas. Effects of leptin on tissue lipid metabolism include regulation of lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Leptin resistance is a hallmark of rodent and human obesity and appears to be due to defects in leptin-receptor signalling (proximal and perhaps distal) as well as impaired leptin transport into the brain. Dietary composition, especially dietary fatty acid intake and profile, impacts on the expression of genes encoding leptin and leptin receptors as well as downstream leptin effectors. Dietary fat consumption, especially consumption of saturated fatty acids, can induce leptin resistance. Leptin has been implicated in nutritional programming during fetal and neonatal growth with long-term effects on susceptibility to obesity, diabetes and CHD in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Houseknecht
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Pfizer Global Research and Development, MS 8220-3071, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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Takata H, Ikeda Y, Suehiro T, Ishibashi A, Inoue M, Kumon Y, Terada Y. High glucose induces transactivation of the alpha2-HS glycoprotein gene through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:448-56. [PMID: 19672022 DOI: 10.5551/jat.no950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Alpha2-Heremans Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG), also known as fetuin-A, is secreted from the liver and inhibits tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor. Hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes is not only a secondary manifestation of insulin resistance, but could also be responsible for directly inducing insulin resistance in target tissues. In this study, we examined the effect of high glucose (HG) on AHSG gene transcription in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. METHODS AHSG transcriptional activity and protein expression were evaluated using reporter gene assays and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS D-glucose, but not L-glucose or mannitol, dose-dependently enhanced AHSG promoter activity. HG (25 mM) also increased AHSG protein expression. No protein kinase C inhibitors (bisindolylmaleimide, Ro-31-8220), an inhibitor of hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine), or a superoxide radical scavenger (tempol) affected HG-induced transactivation. MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitors (PD98059, U0126), but not the JNK inhibitor (SP600125) or p38 inhibitor (SB203580), significantly inhibited promoter activation by HG. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that HG enhances AHSG transcription through activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Increased AHSG expression in the liver may be a cause of glucose toxicity in the diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takata
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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Root-Bernstein R, Vonck J. Glucose binds to the insulin receptor affecting the mutual affinity of insulin and its receptor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2721-32. [PMID: 19554259 PMCID: PMC11115712 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin activity is sensitive to glucose concentration but the mechanisms are still unclear. An unexamined possibility is that the insulin receptor (IR) is sensitive to glucose concentration. We demonstrate here that insulin-like peptides derived from the IR bind glucose at low millimolar, and cytochalasin B at low micromolar, concentrations; several insulin-like IR peptides bind insulin at nanomolar Kd; and this binding is antagonized by increasing glucose concentrations. In addition, glucose and cytochalasin B bind to IR isolated from rat liver and increasing glucose decreases insulin binding to this IR preparation. The presence of GLUT 1 in our IR preparation suggests the possibility of additional glucose-mediated allosteric control. We propose a model in which glucose binds to insulin, the IR, and GLUT; insulin binds to the IR; and the IR binds to GLUT. This set of interactions produces an integrated system of insulin-dependent interactions that is highly sensitive to glucose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Root-Bernstein
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2174 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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