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Valcárcel-Hernández V, Vancamp P, Butruille L, Remaud S, Guadaño-Ferraz A. Combined deletion of Mct8 and Dio2 impairs SVZ neurogliogenesis and olfactory function in adult mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106572. [PMID: 38901782 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ), neural stem cells (NSCs) produce neuroblasts and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). T3, the active thyroid hormone, influences renewal and commitment of SVZ progenitors. However, how regulators of T3 availability affect these processes is less understood. Using Mct8/Dio2 knockout mice, we investigated the role of MCT8, a TH transporter, and DIO2, the T3-generating enzyme, in regulating adult SVZ-neurogliogenesis. Single-cell RNA-Seq revealed Mct8 expression in various SVZ cell types in WT mice, while Dio2 was enriched in neurons, astrocytes, and quiescent NSCs. The absence of both regulators in the knockout model dysregulated gene expression, increased the neuroblast/OPC ratio and hindered OPC differentiation. Immunostainings demonstrated compromised neuroblast migration reducing their supply to the olfactory bulbs, impairing interneuron differentiation and odor discrimination. These findings underscore the pivotal roles of MCT8 and DIO2 in neuro- and oligodendrogenesis, offering targets for therapeutic avenues in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Valcárcel-Hernández
- Laboratory of Thyroid hormones and CNS, Department of Neurological Diseases and Aging, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Lucile Butruille
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Laboratory of Thyroid hormones and CNS, Department of Neurological Diseases and Aging, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Alkadhi KA. Synaptic Plasticity and Cognitive Ability in Experimental Adult-Onset Hypothyroidism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:150-162. [PMID: 38508752 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset hypothyroidism impairs normal brain function. Research on animal models of hypothyroidism has revealed critical information on how deficiency of thyroid hormones impacts the electrophysiological and molecular functions of the brain, which leads to the well known cognitive impairment in untreated hypothyroid patients. Currently, such information can only be obtained from experiments on animal models of hypothyroidism. This review summarizes important research findings that pertain to understanding the clinical cognitive consequences of hypothyroidism, which will provide a better guiding path for therapy of hypothyroidism. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cognitive impairment occurs during adult-onset hypothyroidism in both humans and animal models. Findings from animal studies validate clinical findings showing impaired long-term potentiation, decreased CaMKII, and increased calcineurin. Such findings can only be gleaned from animal experiments to show how hypothyroidism produces clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim A Alkadhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Valcárcel-Hernández V, Mayerl S, Guadaño-Ferraz A, Remaud S. Thyroid hormone action in adult neurogliogenic niches: the known and unknown. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1347802. [PMID: 38516412 PMCID: PMC10954857 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1347802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, thyroid hormones (THs) signaling has been established as a key signaling cue for the proper maintenance of brain functions in adult mammals, including humans. One of the most fascinating roles of THs in the mature mammalian brain is their ability to regulate adult neurogliogenic processes. In this respect, THs control the generation of new neuronal and glial progenitors from neural stem cells (NSCs) as well as their final differentiation and maturation programs. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the cellular organization of adult rodent neurogliogenic niches encompassing well-established niches in the subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles, the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ), and the hypothalamus, but also less characterized niches in the striatum and the cerebral cortex. We then discuss critical questions regarding how THs availability is regulated in the respective niches in rodents and larger mammals as well as how modulating THs availability in those niches interferes with lineage decision and progression at the molecular, cellular, and functional levels. Based on those alterations, we explore the novel therapeutic avenues aiming at harnessing THs regulatory influences on neurogliogenic output to stimulate repair processes by influencing the generation of either new neurons (i.e. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseases), oligodendrocytes (multiple sclerosis) or both (stroke). Finally, we point out future challenges, which will shape research in this exciting field in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Valcárcel-Hernández
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Steffen Mayerl
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Department of Neurological Diseases and Aging, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Yuan L, Xiao D, Yang R, Ge L, Wan Y, Jiang L. Screening of liothyronine network pharmacology role in the treatment of ischemic stroke and molecular mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1641-1649. [PMID: 38018869 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to elucidate mechanisms of liothyronine on the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). METHODS Differential analysis based on R limma package was used to identify differentially expressed genes, which were then mapped into the connectivity map database for identification of liothyronine associated with IS. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway was verified through pathway enrichment analysis via Enrichr online. Ischemia stroke mouse model was built up for further analysis. Infarct area and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and laser Doppler flowmetry, respectively. Light microscope was used for the evaluation of body weight and dark neurons. Serum TXB2 , 6-Keto-PGF1a , TNF-α, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in mice were measured using enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. In addition, relative protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nestin, and Sox2 were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Liothyronine with a negative connectivity was identified as one promising treatment for IS through TNF signaling pathway. The experimental results showed that liothyronine treatment significantly meliorated infarct area and the number of dark neurons in IS mice. Liothyronine greatly ameliorated the expression levels of TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1a . Besides, rCBF and body weight change of IS mice were increased gradually with increase of drug concentration. Based on pathway enrichment analysis, anti-inflammatory response (TNF-α and IL-6) relevant to TNF signaling pathway was identified, which was further validated in vitro. Furthermore, proteins as neural stem cell markers made a difference with liothyronine treatment. CONCLUSION Liothyronine may be a novel therapeutic component to exploit an effective medicine for the treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongdong Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rumei Yang
- Nursing Department, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Special Ward, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuye Wan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital LuWan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianglei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Raj S, Sifuentes CJ, Kyono Y, Denver RJ. Metamorphic gene regulation programs in Xenopus tropicalis tadpole brain. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287858. [PMID: 37384728 PMCID: PMC10310023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibian metamorphosis is controlled by thyroid hormone (TH), which binds TH receptors (TRs) to regulate gene expression programs that underlie morphogenesis. Gene expression screens using tissues from premetamorphic tadpoles treated with TH identified some TH target genes, but few studies have analyzed genome-wide changes in gene regulation during spontaneous metamorphosis. We analyzed RNA sequencing data at four developmental stages from the beginning to the end of spontaneous metamorphosis, conducted on the neuroendocrine centers of Xenopus tropicalis tadpole brain. We also conducted chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) for TRs, and we compared gene expression changes during metamorphosis with those induced by exogenous TH. The mRNA levels of 26% of protein coding genes changed during metamorphosis; about half were upregulated and half downregulated. Twenty four percent of genes whose mRNA levels changed during metamorphosis had TR ChIP-seq peaks. Genes involved with neural cell differentiation, cell physiology, synaptogenesis and cell-cell signaling were upregulated, while genes involved with cell cycle, protein synthesis, and neural stem/progenitor cell homeostasis were downregulated. There is a shift from building neural structures early in the metamorphic process, to the differentiation and maturation of neural cells and neural signaling pathways characteristic of the adult frog brain. Only half of the genes modulated by treatment of premetamorphic tadpoles with TH for 16 h changed expression during metamorphosis; these represented 33% of the genes whose mRNA levels changed during metamorphosis. Taken together, our results provide a foundation for understanding the molecular basis for metamorphosis of tadpole brain, and they highlight potential caveats for interpreting gene regulation changes in premetamorphic tadpoles induced by exogenous TH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samhitha Raj
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Sifuentes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yasuhiro Kyono
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Denver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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6
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Rastoldo G, Tighilet B. Thyroid Axis and Vestibular Physiopathology: From Animal Model to Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9826. [PMID: 37372973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent work of our group has shown the significant effects of thyroxine treatment on the restoration of postural balance function in a rodent model of acute peripheral vestibulopathy. Based on these findings, we attempt to shed light in this review on the interaction between the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and the vestibular system in normal and pathological situations. Pubmed database and relevant websites were searched from inception through to 4 February 2023. All studies relevant to each subsection of this review have been included. After describing the role of thyroid hormones in the development of the inner ear, we investigated the possible link between the thyroid axis and the vestibular system in normal and pathological conditions. The mechanisms and cellular sites of action of thyroid hormones on animal models of vestibulopathy are postulated and therapeutic options are proposed. In view of their pleiotropic action, thyroid hormones represent a target of choice to promote vestibular compensation at different levels. However, very few studies have investigated the relationship between thyroid hormones and the vestibular system. It seems then important to more extensively investigate the link between the endocrine system and the vestibule in order to better understand the vestibular physiopathology and to find new therapeutic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Rastoldo
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Brahim Tighilet
- Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, LNC UMR 7291, 13331 Marseille, France
- GDR Vertige CNRS Unité GDR2074, 13331 Marseille, France
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Vancamp P, Butruille L, Herranen A, Boelen A, Fini JB, Demeneix BA, Remaud S. Transient developmental exposure to low doses of bisphenol F negatively affects neurogliogenesis and olfactory behaviour in adult mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107770. [PMID: 36706583 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells in the murine subventricular zone (SVZ) reactivate during postnatal development to generate neurons and glia throughout adulthood. We previously demonstrated that a postnatal thyroid hormone (TH) peak orchestrates this remodelling, rendering this process vulnerable to endocrine disruption. We exposed mice to 2 or 200 µg/kg bw/day of the bisphenol A-replacement and suspected TH-disruptor bisphenol F (BPF) in the drinking water, from embryonic day 15 to postnatal day 21 (P21). In parallel, one group was exposed to the TH-synthesis blocker propylthiouracil (0.15 % PTU). In contrast to PTU, BPF exposure did not affect serum TH levels at P15, P21 or P60. RNA-seq on dissected SVZs at P15 revealed dysregulated neurodevelopmental genes in all treatments, although few overlapped amongst the conditions. We then investigated the phenotype at P60 to analyse long-term consequences of transient developmental exposure. As opposed to hypothyroid conditions, and despite dysregulated oligodendrogenesis-promoting genes in the P15 SVZ exposed to the highest dose of BPF, immunostainings for myelin and OLIG2/CC1 showed no impact on global myelin content nor oligodendrocyte maturation in the P60 corpus callosum, apart from a reduced thickness. The highest dose did reduce numbers of newly generated SVZ-neuroblasts with 22 %. Related to this were behavioural alterations. P60 mice previously exposed to the highest BPF dose memorized an odour less well than control animals did, although they performed better than PTU-exposed animals. All mice could discriminate new odours, but all exposed groups showed less interest in social odours. Our data indicate that perinatal exposure to low doses of BPF disrupts postnatal murine SVZ remodelling, and lowers the adult neuron/oligodendroglia output, even after exposure had been absent for 40 days. These anomalies warrant further investigation on the potential harm of alternative bisphenol compounds for human foetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vancamp
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Lucile Butruille
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Anni Herranen
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Custodio RJP, Kim HJ, Kim J, Ortiz DM, Kim M, Buctot D, Sayson LV, Lee HJ, Kim BN, Yi EC, Cheong JH. Hippocampal dentate gyri proteomics reveals Wnt signaling involvement in the behavioral impairment in the THRSP-overexpressing ADHD mouse model. Commun Biol 2023; 6:55. [PMID: 36646879 PMCID: PMC9842619 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often struggle with impaired executive function, temporal processing, and visuospatial memory, hallmarks of the predominantly inattentive presentation (ADHD-PI), subserved by the hippocampus. However, the specific genes/proteins involved and how they shape hippocampal structures to influence ADHD behavior remain poorly understood. As an exploratory tool, hippocampal dentate gyri tissues from thyroid hormone-responsive protein overexpressing (THRSP OE) mice with defining characteristics of ADHD-PI were utilized in proteomics. Integrated proteomics and network analysis revealed an altered protein network involved in Wnt signaling. Compared with THRSP knockout (KO) mice, THRSP OE mice showed impaired attention and memory, accompanied by dysregulated Wnt signaling affecting hippocampal dentate gyrus cell proliferation and expression of markers for neural stem cell (NSC) activity. Also, combined exposure to an enriched environment and treadmill exercise could improve behavioral deficits in THRSP OE mice and Wnt signaling and NSC activity. These findings show new markers specific to the ADHD-PI presentation, converging with the ancient and evolutionary Wnt signaling pathways crucial for cell fate determination, migration, polarity, and neural patterning during neurodevelopment. These findings from THRSP OE mice support the role of Wnt signaling in neurological disorders, particularly ADHD-PI presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raly James Perez Custodio
- grid.419241.b0000 0001 2285 956XDepartment of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors - IfADo, Ardeystr. 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany ,grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Institute for New Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si Jeollabuk-do, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Darlene Mae Ortiz
- grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea ,grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Danilo Buctot
- grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Leandro Val Sayson
- grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- grid.412357.60000 0004 0533 2063Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakro, Jongno-gu Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene C. Yi
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Institute for New Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si Jeollabuk-do, 54896 Republic of Korea
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O’Shaughnessy KL, McMichael BD, Sasser AL, Bell KS, Riutta C, Ford JL, Stoker TE, Grindstaff RD, Pandiri AR, Gilbert ME. Thyroid hormone action controls multiple components of cell junctions at the ventricular zone in the newborn rat brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1090081. [PMID: 36843608 PMCID: PMC9950412 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1090081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) action controls brain development in a spatiotemporal manner. Previously, we demonstrated that perinatal hypothyroidism led to formation of a periventricular heterotopia in developing rats. This heterotopia occurs in the posterior telencephalon, and its formation was preceded by loss of radial glia cell polarity. As radial glia mediate cell migration and originate in a progenitor cell niche called the ventricular zone (VZ), we hypothesized that TH action may control cell signaling in this region. Here we addressed this hypothesis by employing laser capture microdissection and RNA-Seq to evaluate the VZ during a known period of TH sensitivity. Pregnant rats were exposed to a low dose of propylthiouracil (PTU, 0.0003%) through the drinking water during pregnancy and lactation. Dam and pup THs were quantified postnatally and RNA-Seq of the VZ performed in neonates. The PTU exposure resulted in a modest increase in maternal thyroid stimulating hormone and reduced thyroxine (T4). Exposed neonates exhibited hypothyroidism and T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) were also reduced in the telencephalon. RNA-Seq identified 358 differentially expressed genes in microdissected VZ cells of hypothyroid neonates as compared to controls (q-values ≤0.05). Pathway analyses showed processes like maintenance of the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and cell migration were significantly affected by hypothyroidism. Immunofluorescence also demonstrated that collagen IV, F-actin, radial glia, and adhesion proteins were reduced in the VZ. Immunohistochemistry of integrin αvβ3 and isoforms of both thyroid receptors (TRα/TRβ) showed highly overlapping expression patterns, including enrichment in the VZ. Taken together, our results show that TH action targets multiple components of cell junctions in the VZ, and this may be mediated by both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. Surprisingly, this work also suggests that the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers may also be affected in hypothyroid newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. O’Shaughnessy
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Katherine L. O’Shaughnessy,
| | - Benjamin D. McMichael
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Aubrey L. Sasser
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Kiersten S. Bell
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Cal Riutta
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Jermaine L. Ford
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Tammy E. Stoker
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Rachel D. Grindstaff
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Arun R. Pandiri
- Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mary E. Gilbert
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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Inada H, Corales LG, Osumi N. A novel feature of the ancient organ: A possible involvement of the subcommissural organ in neurogenic/gliogenic potential in the adult brain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1141913. [PMID: 36960167 PMCID: PMC10027738 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1141913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The subcommissural organ (SCO) is a circumventricular organ highly conserved in vertebrates from Cyclostomata such as lamprey to mammals including human. The SCO locates in the boundary between the third ventricle and the entrance of the aqueduct of Sylvius. The SCO functions as a secretory organ producing a variety of proteins such as SCO-spondin, transthyretin, and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A significant contribution of the SCO has been thought to maintain the homeostasis of CSF dynamics. However, evidence has shown a possible role of SCO on neurogenesis in the adult brain. This review highlights specific features of the SCO related to adult neurogenesis, suggested by the progress of understanding SCO functions. We begin with a brief history of the SCO discovery and continue to structural features, gene expression, and a possible role in adult neurogenesis suggested by the SCO transplant experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Inada
- Laboratory of Health and Sports Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hitoshi Inada,
| | - Laarni Grace Corales
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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11
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Murolo M, Di Vincenzo O, Cicatiello AG, Scalfi L, Dentice M. Cardiovascular and Neuronal Consequences of Thyroid Hormones Alterations in the Ischemic Stroke. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010022. [PMID: 36676947 PMCID: PMC9863748 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading global causes of neurological morbidity and decease. Its etiology depends on multiple events such as cardiac embolism, brain capillaries occlusion and atherosclerosis, which ultimately culminate in blood flow interruption, incurring hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Thyroid hormones (THs) are pleiotropic modulators of several metabolic pathways, and critically influence different aspects of tissues development. The brain is a key TH target tissue and both hypo- and hyperthyroidism, during embryonic and adult life, are associated with deranged neuronal formation and cognitive functions. Accordingly, increasing pieces of evidence are drawing attention on the consistent relationship between the THs status and the acute cerebral and cardiac diseases. However, the concrete contribution of THs systemic or local alteration to the pathology outcome still needs to be fully addressed. In this review, we aim to summarize the multiple influences that THs exert on the brain and heart patho-physiology, to deepen the reasons for the harmful effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on these organs and to provide insights on the intricate relationship between the THs variations and the pathological alterations that take place after the ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Murolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Olivia Di Vincenzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luca Scalfi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., 80131 Naples, Italy
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12
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Rastegar-Moghaddam SH, Alipour F, Hosseini M, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A. Anti-apoptotic and neurogenic properties in the hippocampus as possible mechanisms for learning and memory improving impacts of vitamin D in hypothyroid rats during the growth period. Life Sci 2022; 312:121209. [PMID: 36410409 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Vitamin D (VD) on hippocampal neurogenesis, apoptosis, and subsequent hippocampal-dependent learning and memory performance in hypothyroid juvenile rats. Twenty eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as; control, Hypothyroid (Hypo), Hypo-VD100 and Hypo-VD500. Hypothyroidism was induced by giving 0.05 % propylthiouracil (PTU), and VD (100 or 500 IU/kg) treatment was performed daily by gavage. At the end of treatment, Morris water maze (MWM) was carried out and evaluated hippocampal neurogenesis, apoptosis, and dark neurons (DNs). Our results revealed that the escape latency and the traveled distance to find the platform in the Hypo group were significantly longer but the time spent and distance traveled in the target area in probe trial was lower than the control group. Hypothyroidism was accompanied by a marked decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis, and a significant increase in the number of apoptotic neurons and DNs compared to the control group. VD decreased escape latency and the traveled distance to find the platform but increased the time spent and distance traveled in the target area in probe trial than the Hypo group. VD also increased neurogenesis, reduced apoptosis and DNs production compared to the Hypo group. In conclusion, these results support a role for VD in the restoring hippocampal neurogenesis impairment, reducing neuronal apoptosis, and DNs in hypothyroid rats as well as raise the possibility that VD may contribute as a therapeutic approach to improve the learning and memory deficits associated with hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamidreza Rastegar-Moghaddam
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Emamnejad R, Dass M, Mahlis M, Bozkurt S, Ye S, Pagnin M, Theotokis P, Grigoriadis N, Petratos S. Thyroid hormone-dependent oligodendroglial cell lineage genomic and non-genomic signaling through integrin receptors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934971. [PMID: 36133808 PMCID: PMC9483185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease whereby the pathological sequelae evolve from oligodendrocytes (OLs) within the central nervous system and are targeted by the immune system, which causes widespread white matter pathology and results in neuronal dysfunction and neurological impairment. The progression of this disease is facilitated by a failure in remyelination following chronic demyelination. One mediator of remyelination is thyroid hormone (TH), whose reliance on monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) was recently defined. MCT8 facilitates the entry of THs into oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) and pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes (pre-OLs). Patients with MS may exhibit downregulated MCT8 near inflammatory lesions, which emphasizes an inhibition of TH signaling and subsequent downstream targeted pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt. However, the role of the closely related mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in pre-OLs during neuroinflammation may also be central to the remyelination process and is governed by various growth promoting signals. Recent research indicates that this may be reliant on TH-dependent signaling through β1-integrins. This review identifies genomic and non-genomic signaling that is regulated through mTOR in TH-responsive pre-OLs and mature OLs in mouse models of MS. This review critiques data that implicates non-genomic Akt and mTOR signaling in response to TH-dependent integrin receptor activation in pre-OLs. We have also examined whether this can drive remyelination in the context of neuroinflammation and associated sequelae. Importantly, we outline how novel therapeutic small molecules are being designed to target integrin receptors on oligodendroglial lineage cells and whether these are viable therapeutic options for future use in clinical trials for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahimeh Emamnejad
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary Dass
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Mahlis
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Salome Bozkurt
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Sining Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Maurice Pagnin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- B’, Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- B’, Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Steven Petratos,
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14
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Sanguinetti C, Minniti M, Susini V, Caponi L, Panichella G, Castiglione V, Aimo A, Emdin M, Vergaro G, Franzini M. The Journey of Human Transthyretin: Synthesis, Structure Stability, and Catabolism. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081906. [PMID: 36009453 PMCID: PMC9405911 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric protein mainly synthesised by the liver and the choroid plexus whose function is to carry the thyroid hormone thyroxine and the retinol-binding protein bound to retinol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. When the stability of the tetrameric structure is lost, it breaks down, paving the way for the aggregation of TTR monomers into insoluble fibrils leading to transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis, a progressive disorder mainly affecting the heart and nervous system. Several TTR gene mutations have been characterised as destabilisers of TTR structure and are associated with hereditary forms of ATTR amyloidosis. The reason why also the wild-type TTR is intrinsically amyloidogenic in some subjects is largely unknown. The aim of the review is to give an overview of the TTR biological life cycle which is largely unknown. For this purpose, the current knowledge on TTR physiological metabolism, from its synthesis to its catabolism, is described. Furthermore, a large section of the review is dedicated to examining in depth the role of mutations and physiological ligands on the stability of TTR tetramers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sanguinetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marianna Minniti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Susini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Caponi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Panichella
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Castiglione
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- “Health Science” Interdisciplinary Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Franzini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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15
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Vancamp P, Le Blay K, Butruille L, Sébillot A, Boelen A, Demeneix BA, Remaud S. Developmental thyroid disruption permanently affects the neuroglial output in the murine subventricular zone. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:459-474. [PMID: 35120623 PMCID: PMC9039754 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain are a source of neural cells for brain injury repair. We investigated whether their capacity to generate new neurons and glia is determined by thyroid hormone (TH) during development because serum levels peak during postnatal reorganization of the main NSC niche, the subventricular zone (SVZ). Re-analysis of mouse transcriptome data revealed increased expression of TH transporters and deiodinases in postnatal SVZ NSCs, promoting local TH action, concomitant with a burst in neurogenesis. Inducing developmental hypothyroidism reduced NSC proliferation, disrupted expression of genes implicated in NSC determination and TH signaling, and altered the neuron/glia output in newborns. Three-month-old adult mice recovering from developmental hypothyroidism had fewer olfactory interneurons and underperformed on short-memory odor tests, dependent on SVZ neurogenesis. Our data provide readouts permitting comparison with adverse long-term events following thyroid disruptor exposure and ideas regarding the etiology of prevalent neurodegenerative diseases in industrialized countries. Thyroid hormone peak associates with a neurogenic wave in the postnatal murine SVZ Single-cell RNA-seq data show increased TH action in SVZ progenitors at that stage Developmental hypothyroidism disrupts neuroglial commitment and associated genes Transient developmental TH depletion impairs adult neurogliogenesis and olfaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vancamp
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Karine Le Blay
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lucile Butruille
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anthony Sébillot
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.
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16
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Thyroid hormone receptor alpha sumoylation modulates white adipose tissue stores. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24105. [PMID: 34916557 PMCID: PMC8677787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) and thyroid hormone receptor (THR) regulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation during development, as well as during tissue renewal and repair in the adult. THR undergoes posttranslational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). We generated the THRA (K283Q/K288R)−/− mouse model for in vivo studies and used human primary preadipocytes expressing the THRA sumoylation mutant (K283R/K288R) and isolated preadipocytes from mutant mice for in vitro studies. THRA mutant mice had reduced white adipose stores and reduced adipocyte cell diameter on a chow diet, compared to wild-type, and these differences were further enhanced after a high fat diet. Reduced preadipocyte proliferation in mutant mice, compared to wt, was shown after in vivo labeling of preadipocytes with EdU and in preadipocytes isolated from mice fat stores and studied in vitro. Mice with the desumoylated THRA had disruptions in cell cycle G1/S transition and this was associated with a reduction in the availability of cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2. The genes coding for cyclin D1, cyclin D2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and Culin3 are stimulated by cAMP Response Element Binding Protein (CREB) and contain CREB Response Elements (CREs) in their regulatory regions. We demonstrate, by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, that in mice with the THRA K283Q/K288R mutant there was reduced CREB binding to the CRE. Mice with a THRA sumoylation mutant had reduced fat stores on chow and high fat diets and reduced adipocyte diameter.
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17
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Kapri D, Fanibunda SE, Vaidya VA. Thyroid hormone regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Putative molecular and cellular mechanisms. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 118:1-33. [PMID: 35180924 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sensitive to perturbations in thyroid hormone signaling, with evidence supporting a key role for thyroid hormone and thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in the regulation of postmitotic progenitor survival and neuronal differentiation. In this book chapter we summarize the current understanding of the effects of thyroid hormone signaling on adult hippocampal progenitor development, and also critically address the role of TRs in regulation of distinct aspects of stage-specific hippocampal progenitor progression. We highlight actions of thyroid hormone on thyroid hormone responsive target genes, and the implications for hippocampal progenitor regulation. Given the influence of thyroid hormone on both mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, we discuss a putative role for regulation of metabolism in the effects of thyroid hormone on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Finally, we highlight specific ideas that require detailed experimental investigation, and the need for future studies to obtain a deeper mechanistic insight into the influence of thyroid hormone and TRs in the developmental progression of adult hippocampal progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Kapri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Sashaina E Fanibunda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India; Medical Research Centre, Kasturba Health Society, Mumbai, India
| | - Vidita A Vaidya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.
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18
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Methylation Modification, Alternative Splicing, and Noncoding RNA Play a Role in Cancer Metastasis through Epigenetic Regulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4061525. [PMID: 34660788 PMCID: PMC8514273 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4061525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Understanding the pathogenesis of metastasis at the molecular levels is of great significance for cancer research. However, the molecular diagnosis or treatment of cancer metastasis is limited. Accumulating and growing evidence shows that epigenetic changes are present in all human cancers, and epigenetic regulation is an indispensable factor to promote tumor metastasis. With the deepening of research and the advancement of technology, the function and mechanism of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, histone/RNA modification, and precursor messenger RNA alternative splicing and noncoding RNAs, has become more increasingly clear. At present, the application of epigenetic therapies in tumor treatment is becoming a feasible therapeutic route. In this review, we looked for the key molecules in epigenetic regulation and discuss their relative regulating mechanisms in cancer metastasis. Furthermore, we highlight promising therapeutic strategies, including monitoring serum DNA for diagnostic purposes and early phase clinical trial therapies that target DNA and histone methylation. This may also be beneficial in finding new targets for further prognosis and diagnosis of cancer metastasis.
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19
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Low striatal T3 is implicated in inattention and memory impairment in an ADHD mouse model overexpressing thyroid hormone-responsive protein. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1101. [PMID: 34545202 PMCID: PMC8452653 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02633-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, potentially with a biological basis; however, its exact cause remains unknown. Thyroid hormone (TH) abnormalities are more prevalent in patients with ADHD than in the general population, indicating a shared pathogenetic mechanism for these conditions. Previously, we identified that overexpression of thyroid hormone-responsive protein (THRSP), a gene highly responsive to TH status, induced inattention in male mice. Herein, we sought to explore whether TH function in THRSP-overexpressing (THRSP OE) mice influences ADHD-like (inattention) behavior. We now confirm that THRSP overexpression in male mice reproduces behavioral features of ADHD, including sustained inattention and memory impairment, accompanied by excessive theta waves that were found normal in both the THRSP-knockout and hetero groups. Physiological characterization revealed low striatal T3 levels in the THRSP OE mice due to reduced striatal T3-specific monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), indicating brain-specific hypothyroidism in this transgenic mouse strain. TH replacement for seven days rescued inattention and memory impairment and the normalization of theta waves. This study further supports the involvement of the upregulated THRSP gene in ADHD pathology and indicates that THRSP OE mice can serve as an animal model for the predominantly inattentive subtype of ADHD.
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20
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Vancamp P, Spirhanzlova P, Sébillot A, Butruille L, Gothié JD, Le Mével S, Leemans M, Wejaphikul K, Meima M, Mughal BB, Roques P, Remaud S, Fini JB, Demeneix BA. The pyriproxyfen metabolite, 4'-OH-PPF, disrupts thyroid hormone signaling in neural stem cells, modifying neurodevelopmental genes affected by ZIKA virus infection. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117654. [PMID: 34289950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
North-Eastern Brazil saw intensive application of the insecticide pyriproxyfen (PPF) during the microcephaly outbreak caused by the Zika virus (ZIKV). ZIKV requires the neural RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 to replicate. Thyroid hormone (TH) represses MSI1. PPF is a suspected TH disruptor. We hypothesized that co-exposure to the main metabolite of PPF, 4'-OH-PPF, could exacerbate ZIKV effects through increased MSI1 expression. Exposing an in vivo reporter model, Xenopus laevis, to 4'-OH-PPF decreased TH signaling and increased msi1 mRNA and protein, confirming TH-antagonistic properties. Next, we investigated the metabolite's effects on mouse subventricular zone-derived neural stem cells (NSCs). Exposure to 4'-OH-PPF dose-dependently reduced neuroprogenitor proliferation and dysregulated genes implicated in neurogliogenesis. The highest dose induced Msi1 mRNA and protein, increasing cell apoptosis and the ratio of neurons to glial cells. Given these effects of the metabolite alone, we considered if combined infection with ZIKV worsened neurogenic events. Only at the fourth and last day of incubation did co-exposure of 4'-OH-PPF and ZIKV decrease viral replication, but viral RNA copies stayed within the same order of magnitude. Intracellular RNA content of NSCs was decreased in the combined presence of 4'-OH-PPF and ZIKV, suggesting a synergistic block of transcriptional machinery. Seven out of 12 tested key genes in TH signaling and neuroglial commitment were dysregulated by co-exposure, of which four were unaltered when exposed to 4'-OH-PPF alone. We conclude that 4'-OH-PPF is an active TH-antagonist, altering NSC processes known to underlie correct cortical development. A combination of the TH-disrupting metabolite and ZIKV could aggravate the microcephaly phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vancamp
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Petra Spirhanzlova
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Sébillot
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Butruille
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-David Gothié
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Le Mével
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Leemans
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Karn Wejaphikul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Marcel Meima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bilal B Mughal
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Roques
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, F-75005, Paris, France.
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21
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Cebrian Silla A, Nascimento MA, Redmond SA, Mansky B, Wu D, Obernier K, Romero Rodriguez R, Gonzalez Granero S, García-Verdugo JM, Lim D, Álvarez-Buylla A. Single-cell analysis of the ventricular-subventricular zone reveals signatures of dorsal & ventral adult neurogenesis. eLife 2021; 10:67436. [PMID: 34259628 PMCID: PMC8443251 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), on the walls of the lateral ventricles, harbors the largest neurogenic niche in the adult mouse brain. Previous work has shown that neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in different locations within the V-SVZ produce different subtypes of new neurons for the olfactory bulb. The molecular signatures that underlie this regional heterogeneity remain largely unknown. Here, we present a single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset of the adult mouse V-SVZ revealing two populations of NSPCs that reside in largely non-overlapping domains in either the dorsal or ventral V-SVZ. These regional differences in gene expression were further validated using a single-nucleus RNA-sequencing reference dataset of regionally microdissected domains of the V-SVZ and by immunocytochemistry and RNAscope localization. We also identify two subpopulations of young neurons that have gene expression profiles consistent with a dorsal or ventral origin. Interestingly, a subset of genes are dynamically expressed, but maintained, in the ventral or dorsal lineages. The study provides novel markers and territories to understand the region-specific regulation of adult neurogenesis. Nerve cells, or neurons, are the central building blocks of brain circuits. Their damage, death or loss of function leads to cognitive decline. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) first appear during embryo development, generating most of the neurons found in the nervous system. However, the adult brain retains a small subpopulation of NSPCs, which in some species are an important source of new neurons throughout life. In the adult mouse brain the largest population of NSPCs, known as B cells, is found in an area called the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). These V-SVZ B cells have properties of specialized support cells known as astrocytes, but they can also divide and generate intermediate ‘progenitor cells’ called C cells. These, in turn, divide to generate large numbers of young ‘A cells’ neurons that undertake a long and complex migration from V-SVZ to the olfactory bulb, the first relay in the central nervous system for the processing of smells. Depending on their location in the V-SVZ, B cells can generate different kinds of neurons, leading to at least ten subtypes of neurons. Why this is the case is still poorly understood. To examine this question, Cebrián-Silla, Nascimento, Redmond, Mansky et al. determined which genes were expressed in B, C and A cells from different parts of the V-SVZ. While cells within each of these populations had different expression patterns, those that originated in the same V-SVZ locations shared a set of genes, many of which associated with regional specification in the developing brain. Some, however, were intriguingly linked to hormonal regulation. Salient differences between B cells depended on whether the cells originated closer to the top (‘dorsal’ position) or to the bottom of the brain (‘ventral’ position). This information was used to stain slices of mouse brains for the RNA and proteins produced by these genes in different regions. These experiments revealed dorsal and ventral territories containing B cells with distinct ‘gene expression’. This study highlights the heterogeneity of NSPCs, revealing key molecular differences among B cells in dorsal and ventral areas of the V-SVZ and reinforcing the concept that the location of NSPCs determines the types of neuron they generate. Furthermore, the birth of specific types of neurons from B cells that are so strictly localized highlights the importance of neuronal migration to ensure that young neurons with specific properties reach their appropriate destination in the olfactory bulb. The work by Cebrián-Silla, Nascimento, Redmond, Mansky et al. has identified sets of genes that are differentially expressed in dorsal and ventral regions which may contribute to regional regulation. Furthering the understanding of how adult NSPCs differ according to their location will help determine how various neuron types emerge in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Cebrian Silla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Marcos Assis Nascimento
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Stephanie A Redmond
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Benjamin Mansky
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - David Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kirsten Obernier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ricardo Romero Rodriguez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Susana Gonzalez Granero
- Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, y Unidad Mixta de Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel García-Verdugo
- Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, y Unidad Mixta de Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Arturo Álvarez-Buylla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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22
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Diana Neely M, Xie S, Prince LM, Kim H, Tukker AM, Aschner M, Thimmapuram J, Bowman AB. Single cell RNA sequencing detects persistent cell type- and methylmercury exposure paradigm-specific effects in a human cortical neurodevelopmental model. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112288. [PMID: 34089799 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The developing human brain is uniquely vulnerable to methylmercury (MeHg) resulting in lasting effects especially in developing cortical structures. Here we assess by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) persistent effects of developmental MeHg exposure in a differentiating cortical human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) model which we exposed to in vivo relevant and non-cytotoxic MeHg (0.1 and 1.0 μM) concentrations. The cultures were exposed continuously for 6 days either once only during days 4-10, a stage representative of neural epithelial- and radial glia cells, or twice on days 4-10 and days 14-20, a somewhat later stage which includes intermediate precursors and early postmitotic neurons. After the completion of MeHg exposure the cultures were differentiated further until day 38 and then assessed for persistent MeHg-induced effects by scRNAseq. We report subtle, but significant changes in the population size of different cortical cell types/stages and cell cycle. We also observe MeHg-dependent differential gene expression and altered biological processes as determined by Gene Ontology analysis. Our data demonstrate that MeHg results in changes in gene expression in human developing cortical neurons that manifest well after cessation of exposure and that these changes are cell type-, developmental stage-, and exposure paradigm-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Diana Neely
- Dept of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shaojun Xie
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lisa M Prince
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Anke M Tukker
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Dept of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Aaron B Bowman
- Dept of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Thyroid hormone is essential for brain development and brain function in the adult. During development, thyroid hormone acts in a spatial and temporal-specific manner to regulate the expression of genes essential for normal neural cell differentiation, migration, and myelination. In the adult brain, thyroid hormone is important for maintaining normal brain function. Thyroid hormone excess, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, are associated with disordered brain function, including depression, memory loss, impaired cognitive function, irritability, and anxiety. Adequate thyroid hormone levels are required for normal brain function. Thyroid hormone acts through a cascade of signaling components: activation and inactivation by deiodinase enzymes, thyroid hormone membrane transporters, and nuclear thyroid hormone receptors. Additionally, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, with negative feedback of thyroid hormone on thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion, regulates serum thyroid hormone levels in a narrow range. Animal and human studies have shown both systemic and local reduction in thyroid hormone availability in neurologic disease and after brain trauma. Treatment with thyroid hormone and selective thyroid hormone analogs has resulted in a reduction in injury and improved recovery. This article will describe the thyroid hormone signal transduction pathway in the brain and the role of thyroid hormone in the aging brain, neurologic diseases, and the protective role when administered after traumatic brain injury. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-21, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Liu
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gregory A Brent
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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24
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Schiera G, Di Liegro CM, Di Liegro I. Involvement of Thyroid Hormones in Brain Development and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2693. [PMID: 34070729 PMCID: PMC8197921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and maturation of the mammalian brain are regulated by thyroid hormones (THs). Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism cause serious anomalies in the organization and function of the nervous system. Most importantly, brain development is sensitive to TH supply well before the onset of the fetal thyroid function, and thus depends on the trans-placental transfer of maternal THs during pregnancy. Although the mechanism of action of THs mainly involves direct regulation of gene expression (genomic effects), mediated by nuclear receptors (THRs), it is now clear that THs can elicit cell responses also by binding to plasma membrane sites (non-genomic effects). Genomic and non-genomic effects of THs cooperate in modeling chromatin organization and function, thus controlling proliferation, maturation, and metabolism of the nervous system. However, the complex interplay of THs with their targets has also been suggested to impact cancer proliferation as well as metastatic processes. Herein, after discussing the general mechanisms of action of THs and their physiological effects on the nervous system, we will summarize a collection of data showing that thyroid hormone levels might influence cancer proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (C.M.D.L.)
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (C.M.D.L.)
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata) (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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25
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Pagnin M, Kondos-Devcic D, Chincarini G, Cumberland A, Richardson SJ, Tolcos M. Role of thyroid hormones in normal and abnormal central nervous system myelination in humans and rodents. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 61:100901. [PMID: 33493504 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are instrumental in promoting the molecular mechanisms which underlie the complex nature of neural development and function within the central nervous system (CNS) in vertebrates. The key neurodevelopmental process of myelination is conserved between humans and rodents, of which both experience peak fetal TH concentrations concomitant with onset of myelination. The importance of supplying adequate levels of THs to the myelin producing cells, the oligodendrocytes, for promoting their maturation is crucial for proper neural function. In this review we examine the key TH distributor and transport proteins, including transthyretin (TTR) and monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), essential for supporting proper oligodendrocyte and myelin health; and discuss disorders with impaired TH signalling in relation to abnormal CNS myelination in humans and rodents. Furthermore, we explore the importance of using novel TH analogues in the treatment of myelination disorders associated with abnormal TH signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Pagnin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Delphi Kondos-Devcic
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Ginevra Chincarini
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Angela Cumberland
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | | | - Mary Tolcos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia.
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26
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Emerging role of free triiodothyronine in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6045. [PMID: 33723352 PMCID: PMC7960963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role of free triiodothyronine (FT3) in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. 137 consecutive inpatients (2016–2019) were registered prospectively and followed up for 12 months. 96 eligible patients were included in the study. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) score was collected, and the score of 3–6 was defined as a poor outcome. The patients were equally classified into 3 subgroups based on their FT3 levels obtained within 24 h of admission, and the subgroup differences were analyzed by parametric or nonparametric tests as appropriate. Logistic regression analysis was performed. We found that there was no difference in the mRS scores upon admission among 3 subgroups, however, patients in the low-FT3 subgroup tended to have higher disease severity during hospitalization and worse outcome in follow-up visits, represented by higher chances of intense care unit (ICU) admission (P < 0.001), longer hospital stay (P < 0.001), greater maximum mRS scores during hospitalization (P = 0.011), lower rates of getting clinical improvement within 4 weeks of starting treatment (P = 0.006), and higher percentages of poor 1-year outcome (P = 0.002). The level of FT3 was an independent factor correlated with ICU admission (P = 0.002) and might be a potential predictor for 1-year outcome. Our preliminary results suggest that the FT3 may be a risk factor involved in the evolution and progression of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, whereas the underline mechanisms remain to be explored. Attention should be paid to these patients with relatively low FT3 upon admission, which might possibly aid clinical prediction and guide clinical decision-making.
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27
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Butruille L, Vancamp P, Demeneix BA, Remaud S. Thyroid hormone regulation of adult neural stem cell fate: A comparative analysis between rodents and primates. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:133-192. [PMID: 33752817 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling, a highly conserved pathway across vertebrates, is crucial for brain development and function throughout life. In the adult mammalian brain, including that of humans, multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate and generate neuronal and glial progenitors. The role of TH has been intensively investigated in the two main neurogenic niches of the adult mouse brain, the subventricular and the subgranular zone. A key finding is that T3, the biologically active form of THs, promotes NSC commitment toward a neuronal fate. In this review, we first discuss the roles of THs in the regulation of adult rodent neurogenesis, as well as how it relates to functional behavior, notably olfaction and cognition. Most research uncovering these roles of TH in adult neurogenesis was conducted in rodents, whose genetic background, brain structure and rate of neurogenesis are considerably different from that of humans. To bridge the phylogenetic gap, we also explore the similarities and divergences of TH-dependent adult neurogenesis in non-human primate models. Lastly, we examine how photoperiodic length changes TH homeostasis, and how that might affect adult neurogenesis in seasonal species to increase fitness. Several aspects by which TH acts on adult NSCs seem to be conserved among mammals, while we only start to uncover the molecular pathways, as well as how other in- and extrinsic factors are intertwined. A multispecies approach delivering more insights in the matter will pave the way for novel NSC-based therapies to combat neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Butruille
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
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28
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Dardente H, Migaud M. Thyroid hormone and hypothalamic stem cells in seasonal functions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:91-131. [PMID: 33752829 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms are a pervasive feature of most living organisms, which underlie yearly timeliness in breeding, migration, hibernation or weight gain and loss. To achieve this, organisms have developed inner timing devices (circannual clocks) that endow them with the ability to predict then anticipate changes to come, usually using daylength as the proximate cue. In Vertebrates, daylength interpretation involves photoperiodic control of TSH production by the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary, which governs a seasonal switch in thyroid hormone (TH) availability in the neighboring hypothalamus. Tanycytes, specialized glial cells lining the third ventricle (3V), are responsible for this TH output through the opposite, PT-TSH-driven, seasonal control of deiodinases 2/3 (Dio 2/3). Tanycytes comprise a photoperiod-sensitive stem cell niche and TH is known to play major roles in cell proliferation and differentiation, which suggests that seasonal control of tanycyte proliferation may be involved in the photoperiodic synchronization of seasonal rhythms. Here we review our current knowledge of the molecular and neuroendocrine pathway linking photoperiodic information to seasonal changes in physiological functions and discuss the potential implication of tanycytes, TH and cell proliferation in seasonal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Dardente
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Martine Migaud
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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29
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Luongo C, Butruille L, Sébillot A, Le Blay K, Schwaninger M, Heuer H, Demeneix BA, Remaud S. Absence of Both Thyroid Hormone Transporters MCT8 and OATP1C1 Impairs Neural Stem Cell Fate in the Adult Mouse Subventricular Zone. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:337-353. [PMID: 33450189 PMCID: PMC7878696 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem cell (NSC) generation in vertebrate brains requires thyroid hormones (THs). How THs enter the NSC population is unknown, although TH availability determines proliferation and neuronal versus glial progenitor determination in murine subventricular zone (SVZ) NSCs. Mice display neurological signs of the severely disabling human disease, Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, if they lack both MCT8 and OATP1C1 transporters, or MCT8 and deiodinase type 2. We analyzed the distribution of MCT8 and OATP1C1 in adult mouse SVZ. Both are strongly expressed in NSCs and at a lower level in neuronal cell precursors but not in oligodendrocyte progenitors. Next, we analyzed Mct8/Oatp1c1 double-knockout mice, where brain uptake of THs is strongly reduced. NSC proliferation and determination to neuronal fates were severely affected, but not SVZ-oligodendroglial progenitor generation. This work highlights how tight control of TH availability determines NSC function and glial-neuron cell-fate choice in adult brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Luongo
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lucile Butruille
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anthony Sébillot
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Karine Le Blay
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heike Heuer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France.
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30
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Vancamp P, Butruille L, Demeneix BA, Remaud S. Thyroid Hormone and Neural Stem Cells: Repair Potential Following Brain and Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:875. [PMID: 32982671 PMCID: PMC7479247 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic neuronal and/or glial cell loss, while traumatic injury is often accompanied by the acute loss of both. Multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mammalian brain spontaneously proliferate, forming neuronal and glial progenitors that migrate toward lesion sites upon injury. However, they fail to replace neurons and glial cells due to molecular inhibition and the lack of pro-regenerative cues. A major challenge in regenerative biology therefore is to unveil signaling pathways that could override molecular brakes and boost endogenous repair. In physiological conditions, thyroid hormone (TH) acts on NSC commitment in the subventricular zone, and the subgranular zone, the two largest NSC niches in mammals, including humans. Here, we discuss whether TH could have beneficial actions in various pathological contexts too, by evaluating recent data obtained in mammalian models of multiple sclerosis (MS; loss of oligodendroglial cells), Alzheimer’s disease (loss of neuronal cells), stroke and spinal cord injury (neuroglial cell loss). So far, TH has shown promising effects as a stimulator of remyelination in MS models, while its role in NSC-mediated repair in other diseases remains elusive. Disentangling the spatiotemporal aspects of the injury-driven repair response as well as the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which TH acts, could unveil new ways to further exploit its pro-regenerative potential, while TH (ant)agonists with cell type-specific action could provide safer and more target-directed approaches that translate easier to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vancamp
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Butruille
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Department Adaptations of Life, Paris, France
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31
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Alshehri B, Pagnin M, Lee JY, Petratos S, Richardson SJ. The Role of Transthyretin in Oligodendrocyte Development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4189. [PMID: 32144308 PMCID: PMC7060235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a protein that binds and distributes thyroid hormones (THs) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Previously, two reports identified TTR null mice as hypothyroid in the central nervous system (CNS). This prompted our investigations into developmentally regulated TH-dependent processes in brains of wildtype and TTR null mice. Despite logical expectations of a hypomyelinating phenotype in the CNS of TTR null mice, we observed a hypermyelination phenotype, synchronous with an increase in the density of oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum and anterior commissure of TTR null mice during postnatal development. Furthermore, absence of TTR enhanced proliferation and migration of OPCs with decreased apoptosis. Neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from the subventricular zone of TTR null mice at P21 revealed that the absence of TTR promoted NSC differentiation toward a glial lineage. Importantly, we identified TTR synthesis in OPCs, suggestive of an alternate biological function in these cells that may extend beyond an extracellular TH-distributor protein. The hypermyelination mechanism may involve increased pAKT (involved in oligodendrocyte maturation) in TTR null mice. Elucidating the regulatory role of TTR in NSC and OPC biology could lead to potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of acquired demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Alshehri
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maurice Pagnin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, 3004, Australia.,ToolGen, Inc., Seoul, 08501, Korea
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Samantha J Richardson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia. .,School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
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32
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Gothié J, Vancamp P, Demeneix B, Remaud S. Thyroid hormone regulation of neural stem cell fate: From development to ageing. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13316. [PMID: 31121082 PMCID: PMC9286394 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the vertebrate brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) generate both neuronal and glial cells throughout life. However, their neuro‐ and gliogenic capacity changes as a function of the developmental context. Despite the growing body of evidence on the variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating NSC physiology, their precise cellular and molecular actions are not fully determined. Our review focuses on thyroid hormone (TH), a vital component for both development and adult brain function that regulates NSC biology at all stages. First, we review comparative data to analyse how TH modulates neuro‐ and gliogenesis during vertebrate brain development. Second, as the mammalian brain is the most studied, we highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying TH action in this context. Lastly, we explore how the interplay between TH signalling and cell metabolism governs both neurodevelopmental and adult neurogenesis. We conclude that, together, TH and cellular metabolism regulate optimal brain formation, maturation and function from early foetal life to adult in vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐David Gothié
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute & Hospital, McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- CNRS UMR 7221 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France
| | | | - Sylvie Remaud
- CNRS UMR 7221 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France
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Gender-specific effects of transthyretin on neural stem cell fate in the subventricular zone of the adult mouse. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19689. [PMID: 31873158 PMCID: PMC6927974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroid plexus epithelial cells produce and secrete transthyretin (TTR). TTR binds and distributes thyroid hormone (TH) to brain cells via the cerebrospinal fluid. The adult murine subventricular zone (SVZ) is in close proximity to the choroid plexus. In the SVZ, TH determines neural stem cell (NSC) fate towards a neuronal or a glial cell. We investigated whether the loss of TTR also disrupted NSC fate choice. Our results show a decreased neurogenic versus oligodendrogenic balance in the lateroventral SVZ of Ttr knockout mice. This balance was also decreased in the dorsal SVZ, but only in Ttr knockout male mice, concomitant with an increased oligodendrocyte precursor density in the corpus callosum. Quantitative RTqPCR analysis following FACS-dissected SVZs, or marked-coupled microbeads sorting of in vitro neurospheres, showed elevated Ttr mRNA levels in neuronal cells, as compared to uncommitted precursor and glial cells. However, TTR protein was undetectable in vivo using immunostaining, and this despite the presence of Ttr mRNA-expressing SVZ cells. Altogether, our data demonstrate that TTR is an important factor in SVZ neuro- and oligodendrogenesis. They also reveal important gender-specific differences and spatial heterogeneity, providing new avenues for stimulating endogenous repair in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Talhada D, Santos CRA, Gonçalves I, Ruscher K. Thyroid Hormones in the Brain and Their Impact in Recovery Mechanisms After Stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1103. [PMID: 31681160 PMCID: PMC6814074 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are of fundamental importance for brain development and essential factors to warrant brain functions throughout life. Their actions are mediated by binding to specific intracellular and membranous receptors regulating genomic and non-genomic mechanisms in neurons and populations of glial cells, respectively. Among others, mechanisms include the regulation of neuronal plasticity processes, stimulation of angiogenesis and neurogenesis as well modulating the dynamics of cytoskeletal elements and intracellular transport processes. These mechanisms overlap with those that have been identified to enhance recovery of lost neurological functions during the first weeks and months after ischemic stroke. Stimulation of thyroid hormone signaling in the postischemic brain might be a promising therapeutic strategy to foster endogenous mechanisms of repair. Several studies have pointed to a significant association between thyroid hormones and outcome after stroke. With this review, we will provide an overview on functions of thyroid hormones in the healthy brain and summarize their mechanisms of action in the developing and adult brain. Also, we compile the major thyroid-modulated molecular pathways in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke that can enhance recovery, highlighting thyroid hormones as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Talhada
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
- LUBIN Lab-Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecília Reis Alves Santos
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- LUBIN Lab-Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Remaud S, Demeneix B. [Thyroid hormones regulate neural stem cell fate]. Biol Aujourdhui 2019; 213:7-16. [PMID: 31274098 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2019007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are vital for vertebrate brain function throughout life, from early development to ageing. Epidemiological studies show an adequate supply of maternal TH during pregnancy to be necessary for normal brain development, and this from the first trimester of onwards. Maternal TH deficiency irreversibly affects fetal brain development, increasing the risk of offspring cognitive disorders and IQ loss. Mammalian and non-mammalian (zebrafish, xenopus, chicken) models are useful to dissect TH-dependent cellular and molecular mechanisms governing embryonic and fetal brain development: a complex process including cell proliferation, survival, determination, migration, differentiation and maturation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Notably, rodent models have strongly contributed to understand the key neurogenic roles of TH still at work in adult life. Neurogenesis continues in two main areas, the sub-ventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles (essential for olfaction) and the sub-granular zone in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (involved in memory, learning and mood control). In both niches, THs tightly regulate the balance between neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis under physiological and pathological contexts. Understanding how THs modulate NSCs determination toward a neuronal or a glial fate throughout life is a crucial question in neural stem cell biology. Providing answers to this question can offer therapeutic strategies for brain repair, notably in neurodegenerative diseases, demyelinating diseases or stroke where new neurons and/or oligodendrocytes are required. The review focuses on TH regulation of NSC fate in mammals and humans both during development and in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Remaud
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, 7 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, 7 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France
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Wen L, He C, Sifuentes CJ, Denver RJ. Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha Is Required for Thyroid Hormone-Dependent Neural Cell Proliferation During Tadpole Metamorphosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:396. [PMID: 31316462 PMCID: PMC6610206 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) plays several key roles in development of the nervous system in vertebrates, controlling diverse processes such as neurogenesis, cell migration, apoptosis, differentiation, and maturation. In anuran amphibians, the hormone exerts its actions on the tadpole brain during metamorphosis, a developmental period dependent on T3. Thyroid hormone regulates gene transcription by binding to two nuclear receptors, TRα and TRβ. Our previous findings using pharmacological and other approaches supported that TRα plays a pivotal role in mediating T3 actions on neural cell proliferation in Xenopus tadpole brain. Here we used Xenopus tropicalis (X. tropicalis) tadpoles with an inactivating mutation in the gene that encodes TRα to investigate roles for TRα in mitosis and gene regulation in tadpole brain. Gross morphological analysis showed that mutant tadpoles had proportionally smaller brains, corrected for body size, compared with wildtype, both during prometamorphosis and at the completion of metamorphosis. This was reflected in a large reduction in phosphorylated histone 3 (pH3; a mitosis marker) immunoreactive (ir) nuclei in prometamorphic tadpole brain, when T3-dependent cell proliferation is maximal. Treatment of wild type premetamorphic tadpoles with T3 for 48 h induced gross morphological changes in the brain, and strongly increased pH3-ir, but had no effect in mutant tadpoles. Thyroid hormone induction of the direct TR target genes thrb, klf9, and thibz was dysregulated in mutant tadpoles. Analysis of gene expression by RNA sequencing in the brain of premetamorphic tadpoles treated with or without T3 for 16 h showed that the TRα accounts for 95% of the gene regulation responses to T3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert J. Denver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Bao L, Roediger J, Park S, Fu L, Shi B, Cheng SY, Shi YB. Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha Mutations Lead to Epithelial Defects in the Adult Intestine in a Mouse Model of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone. Thyroid 2019; 29:439-448. [PMID: 30595106 PMCID: PMC6437623 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) is critical for vertebrate development and affects the function of many adult tissues and organs. Its genomic effects are mediated by thyroid hormone nuclear receptors (TRs) present in all vertebrates. The discovery of patients with resistance to thyroid hormone (RTHβ) >50 years ago and subsequent identification of genetic mutations in only the THRB gene in these patients suggest that mutations in the THRA gene may have different pathological manifestations in humans. Indeed, the recent discovery of a number of human patients carrying heterozygous mutations in the THRA gene (RTHα) revealed a distinct phenotype that was not observed in RTH patients with THRB gene mutations (RTHβ). That is, RTHα patients have constipation, implicating intestinal defects caused by THRA gene mutations. METHODS To determine how TRα1 mutations affect the intestine, this study analyzed a mutant mouse expressing a strong dominantly negative TRα1 mutant (denoted TRα1PV; Thra1PV mice). This mutant mouse faithfully reproduces RTHα phenotypes observed in patients. RESULTS In adult Thra1PV/+ mice, constipation was observed just like in patients with TRα mutations. Importantly, significant intestinal defects were discovered, including shorter villi and increased differentiated cells in the crypt, accompanied by reduced stem-cell proliferation in the intestine. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that further analysis of this mouse model should help to reveal the molecular and physiological defects in the intestine caused by TRα mutations and to determine the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, P.R. China
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julia Roediger
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sunmi Park
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Liezhen Fu
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Address correspondence to: Yun-Bo Shi, PhD, Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Building 49 Room 6A82, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Feng X, Zhou X, Yu F, Liu Z, Wang J, Li Z, Zhan Q, Yang Q, Liu Y, Xia J. Low-normal free triiodothyronine and high leukocyte levels in relation to stroke severity and poor outcome in acute ischemic stroke with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:635-641. [PMID: 30251575 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1503179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is uncertain that the effect of free triiodothyronine (FT3) within normal ranges on initial severity and early functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis (ICAS). The predictive values of white blood cell (WBC) and FT3 are also unclear in symptomatic ICAS (sICAS) patients. METHODS We consecutively reviewed 848 ischemic stroke patients admitted into Xiangya Hospital within 72 h after symptom onset. sICAS was defined as AIS patient with degree of ICAS ≥50% proved by magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomography angiography or digital subtraction angiography. WBC and FT3 were assessed within 24 h after admission. Neurological severity was evaluated on admission using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Stroke outcomes were defined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) on the 14th day after admission. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension, lower FT3 and higher WBC concentrations independently associated with severe stroke [FT3 (odds ratio(OR) = 0.543, 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 0.383-0.769); hypertension (OR = 0.436, 95% CI: 0.238-0.800); WBC (OR = 1.17; 95% CI:1.041-1.316]. Besides, lower FT3, higher FT4, higher WBC and higher plasma glucose concentrations independently associated with unfavorable outcomes [FT3 (OR = 0.460; 95% CI: 0.306-0.690); FT4 (OR = 1.151; 95% CI: 1.055-1.255); WBC (OR = 1.178; 95% CI: 1.039-1.334); Plasma glucose (OR = 1.160; 95% CI: 1.002-1.342)]. CONCLUSIONS Lower FT3 levels within normal ranges and higher WBC count are independently associated with the severity and early poor prognosis of sICAS simultaneously, FT3 and WBC count might be important biomarkers for sICAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Feng
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Fang Yu
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Junyan Wang
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Zhibin Li
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Qiong Zhan
- b Department of Neurology , The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Qidong Yang
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Yunhai Liu
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Jian Xia
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China
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O’Shaughnessy KL, Wood CR, Ford RL, Kosian PA, Hotchkiss MG, Degitz SJ, Gilbert ME. Thyroid Hormone Disruption in the Fetal and Neonatal Rat: Predictive Hormone Measures and Bioindicators of Hormone Action in the Developing Cortex. Toxicol Sci 2018; 166:163-179. [PMID: 30085217 PMCID: PMC6727986 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse neurodevelopmental consequences remain a primary concern when evaluating the effects of thyroid hormone (TH) disrupting chemicals. Though the developing brain is a known target of TH insufficiency, the relationship between THs in the serum and the central nervous system is not well characterized. To address this issue, dose response experiments were performed in pregnant rats using the goitrogen propylthiouracil (PTU) (dose range 0.1-10 ppm). THs were quantified in the serum and brain of offspring at gestational day 20 (GD20) and postnatal day 14 (PN14), two developmental stages included in OECD and EPA regulatory guideline/guidance studies. From the dose response data, the quantitative relationships between THs in the serum and brain were determined. Next, targeted gene expression analyses were performed in the fetal and neonatal cortex to test the hypothesis that TH action in the developing brain is linked to changes in TH concentrations within the tissue. Results show a significant reduction of T4/T3 in the serum and brain of the GD20 fetus in response to low doses of PTU; interestingly, very few genes were significantly different at any dose tested. In the PN14 pup significant reductions of T4/T3 in the serum and brain were also detected; however, twelve transcriptional targets were identified in the neonatal cortex that correlated well with reduced brain THs. These results show that serum T4 is a good predictor of brain THs, and offer several target genes that could serve as pragmatic readouts of T4/T3 dysfunction within the PN14 cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. O’Shaughnessy
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, Tennesse 37830
| | - Carmen R. Wood
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Richard L. Ford
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, Tennesse 37830
| | - Patricia A. Kosian
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804
| | - Michelle G. Hotchkiss
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
| | - Sigmund J. Degitz
- Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804
| | - Mary E. Gilbert
- Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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Fanibunda SE, Desouza LA, Kapoor R, Vaidya RA, Vaidya VA. Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 106:211-251. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gothié JD, Demeneix B, Remaud S. Comparative approaches to understanding thyroid hormone regulation of neurogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:104-115. [PMID: 28545819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signalling, an evolutionary conserved pathway, is crucial for brain function and cognition throughout life, from early development to ageing. In humans, TH deficiency during pregnancy alters offspring brain development, increasing the risk of cognitive disorders. How TH regulates neurogenesis and subsequent behaviour and cognitive functions remains a major research challenge. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TH signalling on proliferation, survival, determination, migration, differentiation and maturation have been studied in mammalian animal models for over a century. However, recent data show that THs also influence embryonic and adult neurogenesis throughout vertebrates (from mammals to teleosts). These latest observations raise the question of how TH availability is controlled during neurogenesis and particularly in specific neural stem cell populations. This review deals with the role of TH in regulating neurogenesis in the developing and the adult brain across different vertebrate species. Such evo-devo approaches can shed new light on (i) the evolution of the nervous system and (ii) the evolutionary control of neurogenesis by TH across animal phyla. We also discuss the role of thyroid disruptors on brain development in an evolutionary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David Gothié
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France.
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- CNRS, UMR 7221, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris France.
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Zhou X, Yu F, Feng X, Wang J, Li Z, Zhan Q, Xia J. Immunity and inflammation predictors for short-term outcome of stroke in young adults. Int J Neurosci 2017; 128:634-639. [PMID: 29172921 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1408614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study was conducted to identify independent predictors of severity and short-term outcome of first-ever ischemic stroke in young adults. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 325 consecutive patients aged 18-49 years with first-ever ischemic stroke admitted to our center between April 2013 and June 2015. Variables were systematically registered and compared between patients with different neurological severity (mild stroke: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] ≤ 8 and severe stroke: >8) and different stroke outcome (favorable: modified Rankin scale score 0-2 and unfavorable: 3-5 or death) at 14 days after stroke onset. RESULTS A total of 325 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There were 242 patients with mild stroke. They exhibited lower white blood cell (WBC), globulin, plasma glucose, fibrinogen (Fib) levels and higher albumin, albumin/globulin (A/G), free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels. Logistic regression analysis showed that FT3 (≧3.18) and WBC (≧7.1) were independent predictors. There were 122 patients demonstrating an unfavorable outcome. Higher WBC, globulin, plasma glucose and Fib levels, lower albumin, FT3, A/G levels, higher NIHSS score and longer hospital stay were significantly associated with unfavorable outcome. In the logistic regression model, we found that A/G (≧1.56), FT3 (≧4.09) and WBC (≧7.1) were independent predictors for short-term outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that higher A/G, FT3 levels served as independent predictors of favorable outcome, and a higher FT3 value may also predict mild stroke, while higher WBC may predict a poor functional outcome and severe stroke in patients with acute ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhou
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , P.R. China
| | - Fang Yu
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , P.R. China
| | - Xianjing Feng
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , P.R. China
| | - Junyan Wang
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Li
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , P.R. China
| | - Qiong Zhan
- b Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , P.R. China
| | - Jian Xia
- a Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , P.R. China
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Cui Q, Shi H, Ye P, Li L, Qu Q, Sun G, Sun G, Lu Z, Huang Y, Yang CG, Riggs AD, He C, Shi Y. m 6A RNA Methylation Regulates the Self-Renewal and Tumorigenesis of Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2622-2634. [PMID: 28297667 PMCID: PMC5479356 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 935] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications play critical roles in important biological processes. However, the functions of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification in cancer biology and cancer stem cells remain largely unknown. Here, we show that m6A mRNA modification is critical for glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Knockdown of METTL3 or METTL14, key components of the RNA methyltransferase complex, dramatically promotes human GSC growth, self-renewal, and tumorigenesis. In contrast, overexpression of METTL3 or inhibition of the RNA demethylase FTO suppresses GSC growth and self-renewal. Moreover, inhibition of FTO suppresses tumor progression and prolongs lifespan of GSC-grafted mice substantially. m6A sequencing reveals that knockdown of METTL3 or METTL14 induced changes in mRNA m6A enrichment and altered mRNA expression of genes (e.g., ADAM19) with critical biological functions in GSCs. In summary, this study identifies the m6A mRNA methylation machinery as promising therapeutic targets for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cui
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hailing Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Peng Ye
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Li Li
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Qiuhao Qu
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guihua Sun
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhike Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cai-Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Arthur D Riggs
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Gkikas D, Tsampoula M, Politis PK. Nuclear receptors in neural stem/progenitor cell homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4097-4120. [PMID: 28638936 PMCID: PMC11107725 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, embryonic and adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) generate the enormous variety and huge numbers of neuronal and glial cells that provide structural and functional support in the brain and spinal cord. Over the last decades, nuclear receptors and their natural ligands have emerged as critical regulators of NSC homeostasis during embryonic development and adult life. Furthermore, substantial progress has been achieved towards elucidating the molecular mechanisms of nuclear receptors action in proliferative and differentiation capacities of NSCs. Aberrant expression or function of nuclear receptors in NSCs also contributes to the pathogenesis of various nervous system diseases. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory roles of steroid, non-steroid, and orphan nuclear receptors in NSC fate decisions. These studies establish nuclear receptors as key therapeutic targets in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Gkikas
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Str, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Matina Tsampoula
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Str, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Str, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
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Remaud S, Ortiz FC, Perret-Jeanneret M, Aigrot MS, Gothié JD, Fekete C, Kvárta-Papp Z, Gereben B, Langui D, Lubetzki C, Angulo MC, Zalc B, Demeneix B. Transient hypothyroidism favors oligodendrocyte generation providing functional remyelination in the adult mouse brain. eLife 2017; 6:29996. [PMID: 28875931 PMCID: PMC5779229 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain, both neurons and oligodendrocytes can be generated from neural stem cells located within the Sub-Ventricular Zone (SVZ). Physiological signals regulating neuronal versus glial fate are largely unknown. Here we report that a thyroid hormone (T3)-free window, with or without a demyelinating insult, provides a favorable environment for SVZ-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor generation. After demyelination, oligodendrocytes derived from these newly-formed progenitors provide functional remyelination, restoring normal conduction. The cellular basis for neuronal versus glial determination in progenitors involves asymmetric partitioning of EGFR and TRα1, expression of which favor glio- and neuro-genesis, respectively. Moreover, EGFR+ oligodendrocyte progenitors, but not neuroblasts, express high levels of a T3-inactivating deiodinase, Dio3. Thus, TRα absence with high levels of Dio3 provides double-pronged blockage of T3 action during glial lineage commitment. These findings not only transform our understanding of how T3 orchestrates adult brain lineage decisions, but also provide potential insight into demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Remaud
- Sorbonne Universités, Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Fernando C Ortiz
- INSERM U1128, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Mechanisms on Myelin Formation and Repair Lab, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Csaba Fekete
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Medecine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tupper Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, United States
| | - Zsuzsanna Kvárta-Papp
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Catherine Lubetzki
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Bernard Zalc
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Sorbonne Universités, Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Ischemic Stroke and Impact of Thyroid Profile at Presentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:2926-2934. [PMID: 28821377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is the fifth leading cause of mortality in the United States and a leading cause of disability. A complex relationship between thyroid hormone levels and severity of, and outcome after, stroke has been described. AIM Our objective is to identify the association between baseline thyroid function profile and outcome after acute ischemic stroke. METHODS Studies looking at the association between thyroid function and functional stroke outcomes were identified from available electronic databases from inception to December 16, 2016. Study-specific risk ratios were extracted and combined with a random effects model meta-analysis. RESULTS In the analysis of 12 studies with 5218 patients, we found that subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with better modified Rankin scale scores at 1 and 3 months (odds ratio [OR] 2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-5.91, P = .03 and OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.13-3.91, P = .003, respectively) compared with the euthyroid cases. Likewise, patients with higher initial thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TSH) and fT3 or T3 levels had favorable outcomes at discharge (mean differences of TSH .12 [95% CI .03-.22, P = .009] and of fT3 .36 (CI .20-.53, P < .0001]) and at 3 months (mean differences of TSH .25 [95% CI .03-.47, P = .03] and of T3 8.60 [CI 4.58-12.61, P < .0001]). CONCLUSIONS Elevated initial TSH (clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism) may correspond to better functional outcomes, whereas low initial T3/fT3 might correlate with worse outcomes in acute ischemic stroke among clinically euthyroid patients. This complex relation merits further well-designed investigations. Whether correcting thyroid profile with hormone supplementation or antagonism may lead to improved outcomes will require large, prospective, interventional studies.
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Mokhtari T, Akbari M, Malek F, Kashani IR, Rastegar T, Noorbakhsh F, Ghazi-Khansari M, Attari F, Hassanzadeh G. Improvement of memory and learning by intracerebroventricular microinjection of T3 in rat model of ischemic brain stroke mediated by upregulation of BDNF and GDNF in CA1 hippocampal region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 25:4. [PMID: 28202057 PMCID: PMC5312580 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-017-0169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke is a common leading cause of death and disability with lack of effective therapies. In this study, T3 was intra-ventricularly injected to evaluate gene expression and protein concentration of and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in hippocampal CA1 region in rat model of brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods In this study, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo) was used as model of ischemic brain stroke. Rats were randomly divided in four groups of Co, Sh, tMCAo and tMCAo + T3. Then, a single dose of intra-ventricular T3 was administered via a Hamilton syringe. Passive avoidance test was used as behavioral investigations. After 21 days, the animals were sacrificed and their brains were used for molecular and histopathological studies. Results T3 significantly improved the learning and memory compared with tMCAo group according to Morris water maze findings (P < 0.05). Step-through latency (STL) significantly decreased in tMCAo group (P < 0.05). There were significant increase in the STL of T3 group compared with tMCAo group (P < 0.05).A significant reduction in BDNF mRNAs and protein levels were observed in the tMCAo compared with Co and Sh group (P < 0.05). A significant increase of BDNF and GDNF mRNAs and proteins was recorded in tMCAo + T3 group compared with Co, Sh and tMCAO groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of current study demonstrated that T3 had therapeutic effects on cerebral ischemic stroke by increasing the neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF) in CA1 region of hippocampus. Graphical abstract The effects of intracerebroventricular microinjection of T3on memory and learning in rat model of ischemic brain stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akbari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Malek
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Rastegar
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Attari
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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48
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The thyroid hormone nuclear receptors and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway: An intriguing liaison. Dev Biol 2017; 422:71-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Sun G, Roediger J, Shi YB. Thyroid hormone regulation of adult intestinal stem cells: Implications on intestinal development and homeostasis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2016; 17:559-569. [PMID: 27554108 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organ-specific adult stem cells are essential for organ homeostasis, tissue repair and regeneration. The formation of such stem cells often takes place during postembryonic development, a period around birth in mammals when plasma thyroid hormone concentration is high. The life-long self-renewal of the intestinal epithelium has made mammalian intestine a valuable model to study the function and regulation and adult stem cells. On the other hand, much less is known about how the adult intestinal stem cells are formed during vertebrate development. Here, we will review some recent progresses on this subject, focusing mainly on the formation of the adult intestine during Xenopus metamorphosis. We will discuss the role of thyroid hormone signaling pathway in the process and potential molecular conservations between amphibians and mammals as well as the implications in organ homeostasis and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Julia Roediger
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Program in Cellular Regulation and Metabolism (PCRM), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 18 Library Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yun-Bo Shi
- Section on Molecular Morphogenesis, Program in Cellular Regulation and Metabolism (PCRM), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 18 Library Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Suda S, Muraga K, Kanamaru T, Okubo S, Abe A, Aoki J, Suzuki K, Sakamoto Y, Shimoyama T, Nito C, Kimura K. Low free triiodothyronine predicts poor functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke. J Neurol Sci 2016; 368:89-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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