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Lun J, Zhang H, Guo J, Yu M, Fang J. Hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1045997. [PMID: 37201028 PMCID: PMC10187758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1045997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that is characterized by intestinal inflammation. Epithelial damage and loss of intestinal barrier function are believed to be the hallmark pathologies of the disease. In IBD, the resident and infiltrating immune cells consume much oxygen, rendering the inflamed intestinal mucosa hypoxic. In hypoxia, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is induced to cope with the lack of oxygen and protect intestinal barrier. Protein stability of HIF is tightly controlled by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). Stabilization of HIF through inhibition of PHDs is appearing as a new strategy of IBD treatment. Studies have shown that PHD-targeting is beneficial to the treatment of IBD. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of HIF and PHDs in IBD and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting PHD-HIF pathway for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lun
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengchao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Fang,
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Bharti R, Dey G, Lin F, Lathia J, Reizes O. CD55 in cancer: Complementing functions in a non-canonical manner. Cancer Lett 2022; 551:215935. [PMID: 36216147 PMCID: PMC11019835 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
CD55, or decay accelerating factor, is a membrane lipid microdomain-associated, GPI-anchored protein implicated in the shielding of cells from complement-mediated attack via accelerating decay of C3 and C5. Loss of CD55 is associated with a number of pathologies due to hyperactivation of the complement system. CD55 is also implicated in cancer progression thought to be driven via its role in cell shielding mechanisms. We now appreciate that CD55 can signal intracellularly to promote malignant transformation, cancer progression, cell survival, angiogenesis, and inhibition of apoptosis. Outside-in signaling via CD55 is mediated by signaling pathways including JNK, JAK/STAT, MAPK/NF-κB, and LCK. Moreover, CD55 is enriched in the cancer stem cell (CSC) niche of multiple tumors including breast, ovarian, cervical, and can be induced by chemotherapeutics and hypoxic environments. CSCs are implicated in tumor recurrence and chemoresistance. Here, we review the unexpected roles of CD55 in cancer including the roles of canonical and noncanonical pathways that CD55 orchestrates. We will highlight opportunities for therapeutic targeting CD55 and gaps in the field that require more in-depth mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Bharti
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Goutam Dey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ofer Reizes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Silveira FD, Gomes FIF, do Val DR, Freitas HC, de Assis EL, de Almeida DKC, Braz HLB, Barbosa FG, Mafezoli J, da Silva MR, Jorge RJB, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Costa DVDS, Brito GADC, Pinto VDPT, Cristino-Filho G, Bezerra MM, Chaves HV. Biological and Molecular Docking Evaluation of a Benzylisothiocyanate Semisynthetic Derivative From Moringa oleifera in a Pre-clinical Study of Temporomandibular Joint Pain. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:742239. [PMID: 35546897 PMCID: PMC9083263 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.742239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Moringa oleifera possesses multiple biological effects and the 4-[(4′-O-acetyl-α-L- rhamnosyloxy) benzyl] isothiocyanate accounts for them. Based on the original isothiocyanate molecule we obtained a semisynthetic derivative, named 4-[(2′,3′,4′-O-triacetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy) N-benzyl] hydrazine carbothioamide (MC-H) which was safe and effective in a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammatory hypernociception in rats. Therefore, considering that there is still a gap in the knowledge concerning the mechanisms of action through which the MC-H effects are mediated, this study aimed to investigate the involvement of the adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, CD55), the pathways heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NO/cGMP/PKG/K+ATP, and the central opioid receptors in the efficacy of the MC-H in a pre-clinical study of TMJ pain. Methods Molecular docking studies were performed to test the binding performance of MC-H against the ten targets of interest (ICAM-1, CD55, HO-1, iNOS, soluble cGMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), K+ATP channel, mu (μ), kappa (κ), and delta (δ) opioid receptors). In in vivo studies, male Wistar rats were treated with MC-H 1 μg/kg before TMJ formalin injection and nociception was evaluated. Periarticular tissues were removed to assess ICAM-1 and CD55 protein levels by Western blotting. To investigate the role of HO-1 and NO/cGMP/PKG/K+ATP pathways, the inhibitors ZnPP-IX, aminoguanidine, ODQ, KT5823, or glibenclamide were used. To study the involvement of opioid receptors, rats were pre-treated (15 min) with an intrathecal injection of non-selective inhibitor naloxone or with CTOP, naltrindole, or norbinaltorphimine. Results All interactions presented acceptable binding energy values (below −6.0 kcal/mol) which suggest MC-H might strongly bind to its molecular targets. MC-H reduced the protein levels of ICAM-1 and CD55 in periarticular tissues. ZnPP-IX, naloxone, CTOP, and naltrindole reversed the antinociceptive effect of MC-H. Conclusion MC-H demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects peripherally by the activation of the HO-1 pathway, as well as through inhibition of the protein levels of adhesion molecules, and centrally by μ and δ opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danielle Rocha do Val
- Graduate Programme in Biotechnology, North-Eastern Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Helyson Lucas Bezerra Braz
- Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Jair Mafezoli
- Graduate Programme in Chemistry, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Deiziane Viana da Silva Costa
- Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vicente de Paulo Teixeira Pinto
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Cristino-Filho
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Mirna Marques Bezerra
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Hellíada Vasconcelos Chaves
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Temporal Transcript Profiling Identifies a Role for Unfolded Protein Stress in Human Gut Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:681-694. [PMID: 34774803 PMCID: PMC8761776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury is a serious and life-threatening condition. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms related to intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in human beings is imperative to find therapeutic targets and improve patient outcome. METHODS First, the in vivo dynamic modulation of mucosal gene expression of the ischemia-reperfusion-injured human small intestine was studied. Based on functional enrichment analysis of the changing transcriptome, one of the predominantly regulated pathways was selected for further investigation in an in vitro human intestinal organoid model. RESULTS Ischemia-reperfusion massively changed the transcriptional landscape of the human small intestine. Functional enrichment analysis based on gene ontology and pathways pointed to the response to unfolded protein as a predominantly regulated process. In addition, regulatory network analysis identified hypoxia-inducing factor 1A as one of the key mediators of ischemia-reperfusion-induced changes, including the unfolded protein response (UPR). Differential expression of genes involved in the UPR was confirmed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Electron microscopy showed signs of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Collectively, these findings point to a critical role for unfolded protein stress in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in human beings. In a human intestinal organoid model exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation, attenuation of UPR activation with integrated stress response inhibitor strongly reduced pro-apoptotic activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) signaling. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptome analysis showed a crucial role for unfolded protein stress in the response to ischemia-reperfusion in human small intestine. UPR inhibition during hypoxia-reoxygenation in an intestinal organoid model suggests that downstream protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) signaling may be a promising target to reduce intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Microarray data are available in GEO (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds, accession number GSE37013).
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Basang Z, Zhang S, Yang L, Quzong D, Li Y, Ma Y, Hao M, Pu W, Liu X, Xie H, Liang M, Wang J, Danzeng Q. Correlation of DNA methylation patterns to the phenotypic features of Tibetan elite alpinists in extreme hypoxia. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:928-935. [PMID: 34531147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
High altitude is an extreme environment that imposes hypoxic pressure on physiological processes, and natives living at high altitudes are more adaptive in certain physiological processes. So far, epigenetic modifications under extreme changes in hypoxic pressures are relatively less understood. Here, we recruit 32 Tibetan elite alpinists (TEAs), who have successfully mounted Everest (8848 m) at least five times. Blood samples and physiological phenotypes of TEAs and 32 matched non-alpinist Tibetan volunteers (non-TEAs) are collected for analysis. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis identifies 23,202 differentially methylated CpGs (Padj < 0.05, |β| > 0.1) between the two groups. Some differentially methylated CpGs are in hypoxia-related genes such as PPP1R13L, MAP3K7CL, SEPTI-9, and CUL2. In addition, Gene ontology enrichment analysis reveals several inflammation-related pathways. Phenotypic analysis indicates that 12 phenotypes are significantly different between the two groups. In particular, TEAs exhibit higher blood oxygen saturation levels and lower neutrophil count, platelet count, and heart rate. For DNA methylation association analysis, we find that two CpGs (cg16687447, cg06947206) upstream of PTEN were associated with platelet count. In conclusion, extreme hypoxia exposure leads to epigenetic modifications and phenotypic alterations of TEA, providing us clues for exploring the molecular mechanism underlying changes under extreme hypoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoma Basang
- High Altitude Medical Research Center of Tibet University/Center of Tibetan Studies (Everest Research Institute), Tibet University, 10 East Zangda Road, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China; Tibet University-Fudan University Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity and Global Change, Tibet University, 10 East Zangda Road, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Shixuan Zhang
- High Altitude Medical Research Center of Tibet University/Center of Tibetan Studies (Everest Research Institute), Tibet University, 10 East Zangda Road, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China; Tibet University-Fudan University Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity and Global Change, Tibet University, 10 East Zangda Road, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - La Yang
- High Altitude Medical Research Center of Tibet University/Center of Tibetan Studies (Everest Research Institute), Tibet University, 10 East Zangda Road, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Deji Quzong
- High Altitude Medical Research Center of Tibet University/Center of Tibetan Studies (Everest Research Institute), Tibet University, 10 East Zangda Road, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute for Six-sector Economy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- Institute for Six-sector Economy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - WeiLin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongjun Xie
- High Altitude Medical Research Center of Tibet University/Center of Tibetan Studies (Everest Research Institute), Tibet University, 10 East Zangda Road, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Tibet University-Fudan University Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity and Global Change, Tibet University, 10 East Zangda Road, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China.
| | - Qiangba Danzeng
- High Altitude Medical Research Center of Tibet University/Center of Tibetan Studies (Everest Research Institute), Tibet University, 10 East Zangda Road, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China.
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Goggins BJ, Minahan K, Sherwin S, Soh WS, Pryor J, Bruce J, Liu G, Mathe A, Knight D, Horvat JC, Walker MM, Keely S. Pharmacological HIF-1 stabilization promotes intestinal epithelial healing through regulation of α-integrin expression and function. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G420-G438. [PMID: 33470153 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00192.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelia are critical for maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis. Epithelial barrier injury, causing inflammation and vascular damage, results in inflammatory hypoxia, and thus, healing occurs in an oxygen-restricted environment. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 regulates genes important for cell survival and repair, including the cell adhesion protein β1-integrin. Integrins function as αβ-dimers, and α-integrin-matrix binding is critical for cell migration. We hypothesized that HIF-1 stabilization accelerates epithelial migration through integrin-dependent pathways. We aimed to examine functional and posttranslational activity of α-integrins during HIF-1-mediated intestinal epithelial healing. Wound healing was assessed in T84 monolayers over 24 h with/without prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor (PHDi) (GB-004), which stabilizes HIF-1. Gene and protein expression were measured by RT-PCR and immunoblot, and α-integrin localization was assessed by immunofluorescence. α-integrin function was assessed by antibody-mediated blockade, and integrin α6 regulation was determined by HIF-1α chromatin immunoprecipitation. Models of mucosal wounding and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis were used to examine integrin expression and localization in vivo. PHDi treatment accelerated wound closure and migration within 12 h, associated with increased integrin α2 and α6 protein, but not α3. Functional blockade of integrins α2 and α6 inhibited PHDi-mediated accelerated wound closure. HIF-1 bound directly to the integrin α6 promoter. PHDi treatment accelerated mucosal healing, which was associated with increased α6 immunohistochemical staining in wound-associated epithelium and wound-adjacent tissue. PHDi treatment increased α6 protein levels in colonocytes of TNBS mice and induced α6 staining in regenerating crypts and reepithelialized inflammatory lesions. Together, these data demonstrate a role for HIF-1 in regulating both integrin α2 and α6 responses during intestinal epithelial healing.NEW & NOTEWORTHY HIF-1 plays an important role in epithelial restitution, selectively inducing integrins α6 and α2 to promote migration and proliferation, respectively. HIF-stabilizing prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors accelerate intestinal mucosal healing by inducing epithelial integrin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridie J Goggins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kyra Minahan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simonne Sherwin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wai S Soh
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Pryor
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica Bruce
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Mathe
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marjorie M Walker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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O’Brien RM, Cannon A, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J, Lynam-Lennon N. Complement in Tumourigenesis and the Response to Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1209. [PMID: 33802004 PMCID: PMC7998562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our knowledge of the complement system beyond innate immunity has progressed significantly. A modern understanding is that the complement system has a multifaceted role in malignancy, impacting carcinogenesis, the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype and response to therapies. The ability of local immune cells to produce and respond to complement components has provided valuable insights into their regulation, and the subsequent remodeling of the tumour microenvironment. These novel discoveries have advanced our understanding of the immunosuppressive mechanisms supporting tumour growth and uncovered potential therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current understanding of complement in cancer, outlining both direct and immune cell-mediated roles. The role of complement in response to therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy is also presented. While complement activities are largely context and cancer type-dependent, it is evident that promising therapeutic avenues have been identified, in particular in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. O’Brien
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Aoife Cannon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
| | - John V. Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
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8
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Lin WC, Fessler MB. Regulatory mechanisms of neutrophil migration from the circulation to the airspace. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4095-4124. [PMID: 33544156 PMCID: PMC7863617 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neutrophil, a short-lived effector leukocyte of the innate immune system best known for its proteases and other degradative cargo, has unique, reciprocal physiological interactions with the lung. During health, large numbers of ‘marginated’ neutrophils reside within the pulmonary vasculature, where they patrol the endothelial surface for pathogens and complete their life cycle. Upon respiratory infection, rapid and sustained recruitment of neutrophils through the endothelial barrier, across the extravascular pulmonary interstitium, and again through the respiratory epithelium into the airspace lumen, is required for pathogen killing. Overexuberant neutrophil trafficking to the lung, however, causes bystander tissue injury and underlies several acute and chronic lung diseases. Due in part to the unique architecture of the lung’s capillary network, the neutrophil follows a microanatomic passage into the distal airspace unlike that observed in other end-organs that it infiltrates. Several of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the stepwise recruitment of circulating neutrophils to the infected lung have been defined over the past few decades; however, fundamental questions remain. In this article, we provide an updated review and perspective on emerging roles for the neutrophil in lung biology, on the molecular mechanisms that control the trafficking of neutrophils to the lung, and on past and ongoing efforts to design therapeutics to intervene upon pulmonary neutrophilia in lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chi Lin
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12233, MD D2-01, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12233, MD D2-01, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Kelm M, Lehoux S, Azcutia V, Cummings RD, Nusrat A, Parkos CA, Brazil JC. Regulation of neutrophil function by selective targeting of glycan epitopes expressed on the integrin CD11b/CD18. FASEB J 2019; 34:2326-2343. [PMID: 31907993 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902542r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play a critical role in the innate immune response to invading pathogens. However, dysregulated mucosal trafficking of PMNs and associated epithelial tissue damage is a pathological hallmark of numerous inflammatory conditions including inflammatory bowel disease. The glycoprotein CD11b/CD18 plays a well-described role in regulating PMN transepithelial migration and PMN inflammatory functions. Previous studies have demonstrated that targeting of the N-linked glycan Lewis X on CD11b blocks PMN transepithelial migration (TEpM). Given evidence of glycosylation-dependent regulation of CD11b/CD18 function, we performed MALDI TOF Mass Spectrometry (MS) analyses on CD11b/CD18 purified from human PMNs. Unusual glycan epitopes identified on CD11b/CD18 included high Mannose oligosaccharides recognized by the Galanthus Nivalis lectin and biantennary galactosylated N-glycans recognized by the Phaseolus Vulgaris erythroagglutinin lectin. Importantly, we show that selective targeting of glycans on CD11b with such lectins results in altered intracellular signaling events that inhibit TEpM and differentially affect key PMN inflammatory functions including phagocytosis, superoxide release and apoptosis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that discrete glycan motifs expressed on CD11b/CD18 such as biantennary galactose could represent novel targets for selective manipulation of CD11b function and reduction of PMN-associated tissue damage in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kelm
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sylvain Lehoux
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronica Azcutia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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10
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Olcina MM, Balanis NG, Kim RK, Aksoy BA, Kodysh J, Thompson MJ, Hammerbacher J, Graeber TG, Giaccia AJ. Mutations in an Innate Immunity Pathway Are Associated with Poor Overall Survival Outcomes and Hypoxic Signaling in Cancer. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3721-3732.e6. [PMID: 30590044 PMCID: PMC6405289 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement-mediated cytotoxicity may act as a selective pressure for tumor overexpression of complement regulators. We hypothesize that the same selective pressure could lead to complement alterations at the genetic level. We find that, when analyzed as a pathway, mutations in complement genes occur at a relatively high frequency and are associated with changes in overall survival across a number of cancer types. Analysis of pathways expressed in patients with complement mutations that are associated with poor overall survival reveals crosstalk between complement and hypoxia in colorectal cancer. The importance of this crosstalk is highlighted by two key findings: hypoxic signaling is increased in tumors harboring complement mutations, and hypoxic tumor cells are resistant to complement-mediated cytotoxicity due, in part, to hypoxia-induced expression of complement regulator CD55. The range of strategies employed by tumors to dysregulate the complement system testifies to the importance of this pathway in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Olcina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Nikolas G Balanis
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan K Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - B Arman Aksoy
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julia Kodysh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael J Thompson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Hammerbacher
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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11
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Olcina MM, Kim RK, Melemenidis S, Graves EE, Giaccia AJ. The tumour microenvironment links complement system dysregulation and hypoxic signalling. Br J Radiol 2018; 92:20180069. [PMID: 29544344 PMCID: PMC6435069 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an innate immune pathway typically thought of as part of the first line of defence against “non-self” species. In the context of cancer, complement has been described to have an active role in facilitating cancer-associated processes such as increased proliferation, angiogenesis and migration. Several cellular members of the tumour microenvironment express and/or produce complement proteins locally, including tumour cells. Dysregulation of the complement system has been reported in numerous tumours and increased expression of complement activation fragments in cancer patient specimens correlates with poor patient prognosis. Importantly, genetic or pharmacological targeting of complement has been shown to reduce tumour growth in several cancer preclinical models, suggesting that complement could be an attractive therapeutic target. Hypoxia (low oxygen) is frequently found in solid tumours and has a profound biological impact on cellular and non-cellular components of the tumour microenvironment. In this review, we focus on hypoxia since this is a prevailing feature of the tumour microenvironment that, like increased complement, is typically associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, interesting links between hypoxia and complement have been recently proposed but never collectively reviewed. Here, we explore how hypoxia alters regulation of complement proteins in different cellular components of the tumour microenvironment, as well as the downstream biological consequences of this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Olcina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan K Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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12
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Sina C, Kemper C, Derer S. The intestinal complement system in inflammatory bowel disease: Shaping intestinal barrier function. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:66-73. [PMID: 29486961 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is part of innate sensor and effector systems such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). It recognizes and quickly systemically and/or locally respond to microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) with a tailored defense reaction. MAMP recognition by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and appropriate immune responses are of major importance for the maintenance of intestinal barrier function. Enterocytes highly express various complement components that are suggested to be pivotal for proper IEC function. Appropriate activation of the intestinal complement system seems to play an important role in the resolution of chronic intestinal inflammation, while over-activation and/or dysregulation may worsen intestinal inflammation. Mice deficient for single complement components suffer from enhanced intestinal inflammation mimicking the phenotype of patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanisms leading to complement expression in IECs seem to differ markedly between UC and CD patients. Hence, how IECs, intestinal bacteria and epithelial cell expressed complement components interact in the course of IBD still remains to be mostly elucidated to define potential unique patterns contributing to the distinct subtypes of intestinal inflammation observed in CD and UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; 1st Department of Medicine, Section of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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13
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Leung THY, Tang HWM, Siu MKY, Chan DW, Chan KKL, Cheung ANY, Ngan HYS. Human papillomavirus E6 protein enriches the CD55(+) population in cervical cancer cells, promoting radioresistance and cancer aggressiveness. J Pathol 2017; 244:151-163. [PMID: 28944962 DOI: 10.1002/path.4991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 protein plays a crucial role in the development of cervical cancer. Subpopulations of cells that reside within tumours are responsible for tumour resistance to cancer therapy and recurrence. However, the identity of such cells residing in cervical cancer and their relationship with the HPV-E6 protein have not been identified. Here, we isolated sphere-forming cells, which showed self-renewal ability, from primary cervical tumours. Gene expression profiling revealed that cluster of differentiation (CD) 55 was upregulated in primary cervical cancer sphere cells. Flow-cytometric analysis detected abundant CD55(+) populations among a panel of HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines, whereas few CD55(+) cells were found in HPV-negative cervical cancer and normal cervical epithelial cell lines. The CD55(+) subpopulation isolated from the C33A cell line showed significant sphere-forming ability and enhanced tumourigenicity, cell migration, and radioresistance. In contrast, the suppression of CD55 in HPV-positive CaSki cells inhibited tumourigenicity both in vitro and in vivo, and sensitized cells to radiation treatment. In addition, ectopic expression of the HPV-E6 protein in HPV-negative cervical cancer cells dramatically enriched the CD55(+) subpopulation. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of CD55 in an HPV-E6-overexpressing stable clone abolished the tumourigenic effects of the HPV-E6 protein. Taken together, our data suggest that HPV-E6 protein expression enriches the CD55(+) population, which contributes to tumourigenicity and radioresistance in cervical cancer cells. Targeting CD55 via CRISPR/Cas9 may represent a novel avenue for developing new strategies and effective therapies for the treatment of cervical cancer. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ho-Yin Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Hermit Wai-Man Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Michelle Kwan-Yee Siu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - David Wai Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Karen Kar-Loen Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Annie Nga-Yin Cheung
- Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Hextan Yuen-Sheung Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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14
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Van Welden S, Selfridge AC, Hindryckx P. Intestinal hypoxia and hypoxia-induced signalling as therapeutic targets for IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 14:596-611. [PMID: 28853446 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia occurs when local oxygen demand exceeds oxygen supply. In chronic inflammatory conditions such as IBD, the increased oxygen demand by resident and gut-infiltrating immune cells coupled with vascular dysfunction brings about a marked reduction in mucosal oxygen concentrations. To counter the hypoxic challenge and ensure their survival, mucosal cells induce adaptive responses, including the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and modulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Both pathways are tightly regulated by oxygen-sensitive prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), which therefore represent promising therapeutic targets for IBD. In this Review, we discuss the involvement of mucosal hypoxia and hypoxia-induced signalling in the pathogenesis of IBD and elaborate in detail on the role of HIFs, NF-κB and PHDs in different cell types during intestinal inflammation. We also provide an update on the development of PHD inhibitors and discuss their therapeutic potential in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Van Welden
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 1K12-E, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrew C Selfridge
- Robarts Clinical Trials West, 4350 Executive Drive 210, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Pieter Hindryckx
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 1K12-E, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Hall CH, Campbell EL, Colgan SP. Neutrophils as Components of Mucosal Homeostasis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 4:329-337. [PMID: 28884136 PMCID: PMC5581871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses in the intestinal mucosa inevitably result in the recruitment of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]). Epithelial cells that line the mucosa play an integral role in the recruitment, maintenance, and clearance of PMNs at sites of inflammation. The consequences of such PMN-epithelial interactions often determine tissue responses and, ultimately, organ function. For this reason, there is significant interest in understanding how PMNs function in the mucosa during inflammation. Recent studies have shown that PMNs play a more significant role in molding of the immune response than previously thought. Here, we review the recent literature regarding the contribution of PMNs to the development and resolution of inflammation, with an emphasis on the role of the tissue microenvironment and pathways for promoting epithelial restitution. These studies highlight the complex nature of inflammatory pathways and provide important insight into the difficulties of treating mucosal inflammation.
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Key Words
- ATP, adenosine triphosphatase
- CGD, chronic granulomatous disease
- DMOG, dimethyloxalylglycine
- Epithelium
- GI, gastrointestinal
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- ICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammation
- Metabolism
- Microbiota
- NADPH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- PHD, prolyl-hydroxylase
- PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocyte
- SIRPα, signal-regulatory protein-α
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H.T. Hall
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eric L. Campbell
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado,Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Sean P. Colgan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Sean P. Colgan, PhD, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Room 10025, Aurora, Colorado 80045. fax: (303) 724-7243.University of Colorado School of Medicine12700 East 19th AvenueRoom 10025AuroraColorado 80045
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16
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Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are innate immune system cells that play an essential role in eradicating invading pathogens. PMN migration to sites of infection/inflammation requires exiting the microcirculation and subsequent crossing of epithelial barriers in mucosa-lined organs such as the lungs and intestines. Although these processes usually occur without significant damage to surrounding host tissues, dysregulated/excessive PMN transmigration and resultant bystander-tissue damage are characteristic of numerous mucosal inflammatory disorders. Mechanisms controlling PMN extravasation have been well characterized, but the molecular details regarding regulation of PMN migration across mucosal epithelia are poorly understood. Given that PMN migration across mucosal epithelia is strongly correlated with disease symptoms in many inflammatory mucosal disorders, enhanced understanding of the mechanisms regulating PMN transepithelial migration should provide insights into clinically relevant tissue-targeted therapies aimed at ameliorating PMN-mediated bystander-tissue damage. This review will highlight current understanding of the molecular interactions between PMNs and mucosal epithelia and the associated functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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17
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Pandya PH, Fisher AJ, Mickler EA, Temm CJ, Lipking KP, Gracon A, Rothhaar K, Sandusky GE, Murray M, Pollok K, Renbarger J, Blum JS, Lahm T, Wilkes DS. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Regulates CD55 in Airway Epithelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:889-898. [PMID: 27494303 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0237oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial CD55 down-regulation occurs in several hypoxia-associated pulmonary diseases, but the mechanism is unknown. Using in vivo and in vitro assays of pharmacologic inhibition and gene silencing, the current study investigated the role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α in regulating airway epithelial CD55 expression. Hypoxia down-regulated CD55 expression on small-airway epithelial cells in vitro, and in murine lungs in vivo; the latter was associated with local complement activation. Treatment with pharmacologic inhibition or silencing of HIF-1α during hypoxia-recovered CD55 expression in small-airway epithelial cells. HIF-1α overexpression or blockade, in vitro or in vivo, down-regulated CD55 expression. Collectively, these data show a key role for HIF-1α in regulating the expression of CD55 on airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankita H Pandya
- 1 Department of Microbiology/Immunology.,2 Center for Immunobiology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Katia Rothhaar
- 1 Department of Microbiology/Immunology.,4 Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Mary Murray
- 5 Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Karen Pollok
- 5 Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jamie Renbarger
- 5 Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Janice S Blum
- 1 Department of Microbiology/Immunology.,2 Center for Immunobiology
| | - Tim Lahm
- 2 Center for Immunobiology.,4 Department of Medicine, and
| | - David S Wilkes
- 1 Department of Microbiology/Immunology.,2 Center for Immunobiology.,4 Department of Medicine, and
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18
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Dehn S, DeBerge M, Yeap XY, Yvan-Charvet L, Fang D, Eltzschig HK, Miller SD, Thorp EB. HIF-2α in Resting Macrophages Tempers Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species To Selectively Repress MARCO-Dependent Phagocytosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3639-3649. [PMID: 27671111 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-α isoforms regulate key macrophage (MΦ) functions during ischemic inflammation. HIF-2α drives proinflammatory cytokine production; however, the requirements for HIF-2α during other key MΦ functions, including phagocytosis, are unknown. In contrast to HIF-1α, HIF-2α was not required for hypoxic phagocytic uptake. Surprisingly, basal HIF-2α levels under nonhypoxic conditions were necessary and sufficient to suppress phagocytosis. Screening approaches revealed selective induction of the scavenger receptor MARCO, which was required for enhanced engulfment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified the antioxidant NRF2 as being directly responsible for inducing Marco Concordantly, Hif-2α-/- MΦs exhibited reduced antioxidant gene expression, and inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species suppressed Marco expression and phagocytic uptake. Ex vivo findings were recapitulated in vivo; the enhanced engulfment phenotype resulted in increased bacterial clearance and cytokine suppression. Importantly, natural induction of Hif-2α by IL-4 also suppressed MARCO-dependent phagocytosis. Thus, unlike most characterized prophagocytic regulators, HIF-2α can act as a phagocytic repressor. Interestingly, this occurs in resting MΦs through tempering of steady-state mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. In turn, HIF-2α promotes MΦ quiescence by blocking a MARCO bacterial-response pathway. IL-4 also drives HIF-2α suppression of MARCO, leading to compromised bacterial immunosurveillance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Dehn
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Matthew DeBerge
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Xin-Yi Yeap
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- INSERM U1065, Centre Mediterraneen de Medecine Moleculaire, Atip-Avenir, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045; and
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; .,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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19
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Olcina MM, Giaccia AJ. Reducing radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity - the role of the PHD/HIF axis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3708-3715. [PMID: 27548524 DOI: 10.1172/jci84432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an effective treatment strategy for cancer, but a significant proportion of patients experience radiation-induced toxicity due to damage to normal tissue in the irradiation field. The use of chemical or biological approaches aimed at reducing or preventing normal tissue toxicity induced by radiotherapy is a long-held goal. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate the production of factors that may protect several cellular compartments affected by radiation-induced toxicity. Pharmacological inhibitors of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes (PHDs), which result in stabilization of HIFs, have recently been proposed as a new class of radioprotectors. In this review, radiation-induced toxicity in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the main cellular compartments studied in this context will be discussed. The effects of PHD inhibition on GI radioprotection will be described in detail.
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20
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Cimmino F, Avitabile M, Pezone L, Scalia G, Montanaro D, Andreozzi M, Terracciano L, Iolascon A, Capasso M. CD55 is a HIF-2α marker with anti-adhesive and pro-invading properties in neuroblastoma. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e212. [PMID: 27043658 PMCID: PMC4848835 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD55 has been revealed to have an important role in tumor genesis, and presence of small populations of cells with strong CD55 expression would be sufficient to predict poor prognosis of several tumors. In our study we revealed that CD55 is a novel target of hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-2α in neuroblastoma (NB) cells. We show that HIF-2α expression is sufficient to sustain stem-like features of NB cells, whereas CD55 protein upon HIF-2α expression contributes to growth of colonies and to invasion of cells, but not to stemness features. Interestingly, in NB tissues, CD55 expression is limited to quite a small population of cells that are HIF-2α positive, and the gene expression of CD55 in the NB data set reveals that the presence of CD55(high) affects prognosis of NB patients. The functional characterization of CD55-positive populations within heterogeneous NB monoclonal cell lines shows that CD55 has pro-invading and anti-adhesive properties that might provide the basis for the ability of solid tumors to survive as microscopic residual disease. The easy accessibility to CD55 membrane antigen will offer the possibility of a novel antibody approach in the treatment of recurrent tumors and will provide a ready target for antibody-based visualization in NB diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cimmino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II', Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - M Avitabile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II', Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - L Pezone
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Scalia
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - D Montanaro
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - M Andreozzi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II', Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - M Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II', Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
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21
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Wound repair: role of immune-epithelial interactions. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:959-68. [PMID: 26174765 PMCID: PMC4916915 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epithelium serves as a highly selective barrier at mucosal surfaces. Upon injury, epithelial wound closure is orchestrated by a series of events that emanate from the epithelium itself as well as by the temporal recruitment of immune cells into the wound bed. Epithelial cells adjoining the wound flatten out, migrate, and proliferate to rapidly cover denuded surfaces and re-establish mucosal homeostasis. This process is highly regulated by proteins and lipids, proresolving mediators such as Annexin A1 protein and resolvins released into the epithelial milieu by the epithelium itself and infiltrating innate immune cells including neutrophils and macrophages. Failure to achieve these finely tuned processes is observed in chronic inflammatory diseases that are associated with non-healing wounds. An improved understanding of mechanisms that mediate repair is important in the development of therapeutics aimed to promote mucosal wound repair.
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Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of chronically inflamed tissue. Hypoxia develops from vascular dysfunction and increased oxygen consumption by infiltrating leukocytes. With respect to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), hypoxia is likely to be of particular importance: Impairment of the intestinal barrier during IBD allows anoxia from the lumen of the gut to spread to formerly normoxic tissue. In addition, disturbed perfusion of inflamed tissue and a higher oxygen demand of infiltrating immune cells lead to low oxygen levels in inflamed mucosal tissue. Here, cells become hypoxic and must now adapt to this condition. The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 complex is a key transcription factor for cellular adaption to low oxygen tension. HIF-1 is a heterodimer formed by two subunits: HIF-α (either HIF-1α or HIF-2α) and HIF-1β. Under normoxic conditions, hydroxylation of the HIF-α subunit by specific oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) leads to ubiquitin proteasome-dependent degradation. Under hypoxic conditions, however, PHD activity is inhibited; thus, HIF-α can translocate into the nucleus, dimerize with HIF-1β, and bind to hypoxia-responsive elements of HIF-1 target genes. So far, most studies have addressed the function of HIF-1α in intestinal epithelial cells and the effect of HIF stabilization by PHD inhibitors in murine models of colitis. Furthermore, the role of HIF-1α in immune cells becomes more and more important as T cells or dendritic cells for which HIF-1 is of critical importance are highly involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. This review will summarize the function of HIF-1α and the therapeutic prospects for targeting the HIF pathway in intestinal mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Flück
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Fandrey
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Pathogenesis of human diffusely adhering Escherichia coli expressing Afa/Dr adhesins (Afa/Dr DAEC): current insights and future challenges. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 27:823-69. [PMID: 25278576 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00036-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity and clinical pertinence of diffusely adhering Escherichia coli expressing the Afa/Dr adhesins (Afa/Dr DAEC) in urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pregnancy complications are well established. In contrast, the implication of intestinal Afa/Dr DAEC in diarrhea is still under debate. These strains are age dependently involved in diarrhea in children, are apparently not involved in diarrhea in adults, and can also be asymptomatic intestinal microbiota strains in children and adult. This comprehensive review analyzes the epidemiology and diagnosis and highlights recent progress which has improved the understanding of Afa/Dr DAEC pathogenesis. Here, I summarize the roles of Afa/Dr DAEC virulence factors, including Afa/Dr adhesins, flagella, Sat toxin, and pks island products, in the development of specific mechanisms of pathogenicity. In intestinal epithelial polarized cells, the Afa/Dr adhesins trigger cell membrane receptor clustering and activation of the linked cell signaling pathways, promote structural and functional cell lesions and injuries in intestinal barrier, induce proinflammatory responses, create angiogenesis, instigate epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like events, and lead to pks-dependent DNA damage. UTI-associated Afa/Dr DAEC strains, following adhesin-membrane receptor cell interactions and activation of associated lipid raft-dependent cell signaling pathways, internalize in a microtubule-dependent manner within urinary tract epithelial cells, develop a particular intracellular lifestyle, and trigger a toxin-dependent cell detachment. In response to Afa/Dr DAEC infection, the host epithelial cells generate antibacterial defense responses. Finally, I discuss a hypothetical role of intestinal Afa/Dr DAEC strains that can act as "silent pathogens" with the capacity to emerge as "pathobionts" for the development of inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal carcinogenesis.
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Colgan SP, Curtis VF, Lanis JM, Glover LE. Metabolic regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier during inflammation. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e970936. [PMID: 25838978 DOI: 10.4161/21688362.2014.970936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal mucosa has proven to be an interesting tissue for which to investigate disease-related metabolism. In this review, we outline some evidence that implicates metabolic signaling as important features of barrier in the healthy and disease. Studies from cultured cell systems, animal models and human patients have revealed that metabolites generated within the inflammatory microenvironment are central to barrier regulation. These studies have revealed a prominent role for hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) at key steps in adenine nucleotide metabolism and within the creatine kinase pathway. Results from animal models of intestinal inflammation have demonstrated an almost uniformly beneficial influence of HIF stabilization on disease outcomes and barrier function. Studies underway to elucidate the contribution of immune responses will provide additional insight into how metabolic changes contribute to the complexity of the gastrointestinal tract and how such information might be harnessed for therapeutic benefit.
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Key Words
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- CK, creatine kinase
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- Colitis
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- PHD, prolyl hydroxylase
- PMN, polymorphonuclear leukcoyte, neutrophil
- TJ, tight junction
- VASP, vasodilator-stimulated
- ZO-1, zonula occludens-1
- creatine
- epithelium
- inflammation
- metabolism
- mucosa
- murine model
- neutrophil
- nucleoside
- nucleotidase
- nucleotide
- phosphocreatine
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Colgan
- Departments of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program; University of Colorado School of Medicine ; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Valerie F Curtis
- Departments of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program; University of Colorado School of Medicine ; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Jordi M Lanis
- Departments of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program; University of Colorado School of Medicine ; Aurora, CO USA
| | - Louise E Glover
- Departments of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program; University of Colorado School of Medicine ; Aurora, CO USA
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Sumagin R, Parkos CA. Epithelial adhesion molecules and the regulation of intestinal homeostasis during neutrophil transepithelial migration. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e969100. [PMID: 25838976 DOI: 10.4161/21688362.2014.969100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial adhesion molecules play essential roles in regulating cellular function and maintaining mucosal tissue homeostasis. Some form epithelial junctional complexes to provide structural support for epithelial monolayers and act as a selectively permeable barrier separating luminal contents from the surrounding tissue. Others serve as docking structures for invading viruses and bacteria, while also regulating the immune response. They can either obstruct or serve as footholds for the immune cells recruited to mucosal surfaces. Currently, it is well appreciated that adhesion molecules collectively serve as environmental cue sensors and trigger signaling events to regulate epithelial function through their association with the cell cytoskeleton and various intracellular adapter proteins. Immune cells, particularly neutrophils (PMN) during transepithelial migration (TEM), can modulate adhesion molecule expression, conformation, and distribution, significantly impacting epithelial function and tissue homeostasis. This review discusses the roles of key intestinal epithelial adhesion molecules in regulating PMN trafficking and outlines the potential consequences on epithelial function.
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Key Words
- AJs, adherens junctions
- CAR, coxsackie and adenovirus receptor
- CLMP, CAR-like protein
- CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- CTX, thymocyte Xenopus
- DMs, Desmosomes
- Dsc-2, desmocollin-2
- Dsg-2, desmoglein-2
- E-cadherin, epithelial cadherin
- EGFR, Epithelial growth factor receptor
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- IBD, inflammatory bowel diseases
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- IECs, intestinal epithelial cells
- JAM, junctional adhesion molecules
- LAD, leukocyte adhesion deficiency
- LTB-4, lipid leukotriene B4
- MIP1 α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha
- MLCK, myosin light chain kinase
- MMPs, matrix metalloproteases
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NO, nitric oxide
- PARS, protease-activated receptors
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PMN, polymorphonuclear cells
- SGD, specific granule deficiency
- SIRPa, signal regulatory protein alpha
- TEM, transepithelial migration
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta
- TIAM1, metastasis-inducing protein 1
- TJs, tight junctions
- TSP-1, thrombospondin-1
- adhesion molecules
- barrier
- cell migration
- epithelial cells
- neutrophils
- sLea, sialyl Lewis A
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Unit; Emory University ; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Unit; Emory University ; Atlanta, GA USA
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Kotha PLN, Sharma P, Kolawole AO, Yan R, Alghamri MS, Brockman TL, Gomez-Cambronero J, Excoffon KJDA. Adenovirus entry from the apical surface of polarized epithelia is facilitated by the host innate immune response. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004696. [PMID: 25768646 PMCID: PMC4358923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of viral-induced respiratory disease begins with an understanding of the factors that increase or decrease susceptibility to viral infection. The primary receptor for most adenoviruses is the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), a cell-cell adhesion protein normally localized at the basolateral surface of polarized epithelia and involved in neutrophil transepithelial migration. Recently, an alternate isoform of CAR, CAREx8, has been identified at the apical surface of polarized airway epithelia and is implicated in viral infection from the apical surface. We hypothesized that the endogenous role of CAREx8 may be to facilitate host innate immunity. We show that IL-8, a proinflammatory cytokine and a neutrophil chemoattractant, stimulates the protein expression and apical localization of CAREx8 via activation of AKT/S6K and inhibition of GSK3β. Apical CAREx8 tethers infiltrating neutrophils at the apical surface of a polarized epithelium. Moreover, neutrophils present on the apical-epithelial surface enhance adenovirus entry into the epithelium. These findings suggest that adenovirus evolved to co-opt an innate immune response pathway that stimulates the expression of its primary receptor, apical CAREx8, to allow the initial infection the intact epithelium. In addition, CAREx8 is a new target for the development of novel therapeutics for both respiratory inflammatory disease and adenoviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima L. N. Kotha
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Abimbola O. Kolawole
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ran Yan
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud S. Alghamri
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Trisha L. Brockman
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Julian Gomez-Cambronero
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Katherine J. D. A. Excoffon
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Biddlestone J, Bandarra D, Rocha S. The role of hypoxia in inflammatory disease (review). Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:859-69. [PMID: 25625467 PMCID: PMC4356629 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals have developed evolutionarily conserved programs of transcriptional response to hypoxia and inflammation. These stimuli commonly occur together in vivo and there is significant crosstalk between the transcription factors that are classically understood to respond to either hypoxia or inflammation. This crosstalk can be used to modulate the overall response to environmental stress. Several common disease processes are characterised by aberrant transcriptional programs in response to environmental stress. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of the hypoxia-responsive (hypoxia-inducible factor) and inflammatory (nuclear factor-κB) transcription factor families and their crosstalk in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, with relevance for future therapies for the management of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Biddlestone
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Daniel Bandarra
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
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Karpus ON, Kiener HP, Niederreiter B, Yilmaz-Elis AS, van der Kaa J, Ramaglia V, Arens R, Smolen JS, Botto M, Tak PP, Verbeek JS, Hamann J. CD55 deposited on synovial collagen fibers protects from immune complex-mediated arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:6. [PMID: 25596646 PMCID: PMC4325944 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD55, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored, complement-regulating protein (decay-accelerating factor), is expressed by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) with high local abundance in the intimal lining layer. We here explored the basis and consequences of this uncommon presence. METHODS Synovial tissue, primary FLS cultures, and three-dimensional FLS micromasses were analyzed. CD55 expression was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridization, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Reticular fibers were visualized by Gomori staining and colocalization of CD55 with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by confocal microscopy. Membrane-bound CD55 was released from synovial tissue with phospholipase C. Functional consequences of CD55 expression were studied in the K/BxN serum transfer model of arthritis using mice that in addition to CD55 also lack FcγRIIB (CD32), increasing susceptibility for immune complex-mediated pathology. RESULTS Abundant CD55 expression seen in FLS of the intimal lining layer was associated with linearly oriented reticular fibers and was resistant to phospholipase C treatment. Expression of CD55 colocalized with collagen type I and III as well as with complement C3. A comparable distribution of CD55 was established in three-dimensional micromasses after ≥3 weeks of culture together with the ECM. CD55 deficiency did not enhance K/BxN serum-induced arthritis, but further exaggerated disease activity in Fcgr2b (-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS CD55 is produced by FLS and deposited on the local collagen fiber meshwork, where it protects the synovial tissue against immune complex-mediated arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Karpus
- Departments of Experimental Immunology, Internal Medicine, and Genetics, Room K0-140, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans P Kiener
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Birgit Niederreiter
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - A Seda Yilmaz-Elis
- Departments of Human Genetics and Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos van der Kaa
- Departments of Human Genetics and Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Valeria Ramaglia
- Departments of Experimental Immunology, Internal Medicine, and Genetics, Room K0-140, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ramon Arens
- Departments of Human Genetics and Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Josef S Smolen
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marina Botto
- Centre for Complement & Inflammation Research, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Paul P Tak
- Departments of Experimental Immunology, Internal Medicine, and Genetics, Room K0-140, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Departments of Human Genetics and Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Departments of Experimental Immunology, Internal Medicine, and Genetics, Room K0-140, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Flannigan KL, Agbor TA, Motta JP, Ferraz JGP, Wang R, Buret AG, Wallace JL. Proresolution effects of hydrogen sulfide during colitis are mediated through hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. FASEB J 2014; 29:1591-602. [PMID: 25550470 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-266015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During a course of colitis, production of the gaseous mediator hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is markedly up-regulated at sites of mucosal damage and contributes significantly to healing and resolution of inflammation. The signaling mechanisms through which H2S promotes resolution of colitis are unknown. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of H2S in experimental colitis are mediated via stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. The hapten dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid was used to induce colitis in rats and mice. This resulted in an elevated expression of the H2S-producing enzyme, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and HIF-1α at sites of mucosal ulceration, and the expression of these 2 enzymes followed a similar pattern throughout the course of colitis. This represented a functionally important relationship because the loss of CSE-derived H2S production led to decreased HIF-1α stabilization and exacerbation of colitis. Furthermore, application of an H2S-releasing molecule, diallyl disulfide (DADS), stabilized colonic HIF-1α expression, up-regulated hypoxia-responsive genes, and reduced the severity of disease during peak inflammation. Importantly, the ability of DADS to promote the resolution of colitis was abolished when coadministered with an inhibitor of HIF-1α in vivo (PX-478). DADS was also able to maintain HIF-1α expression at a later point in colitis, when HIF-1α levels would have normally returned to control levels, and to enhance resolution. Finally, we found that HIF-1α stabilization inhibited colonic H2S production and may represent a negative feedback mechanism to prevent prolonged HIF-1α stabilization. Our findings demonstrate an important link between H2S and HIF-1α in the resolution of inflammation and injury during colitis and provide mechanistic insights into the therapeutic value of H2S donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Flannigan
- *Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terence A Agbor
- *Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- *Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - José G P Ferraz
- *Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- *Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andre G Buret
- *Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L Wallace
- *Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Silva Quinteiro M, Henrique Napimoga M, Gomes Macedo C, Furtado Freitas F, Balassini Abdalla H, Bonfante R, Trindade Clemente-Napimoga J. 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 reduces albumin-induced arthritis in temporomandibular joint of rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:58-65. [PMID: 25016088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the peripheral effect of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) in albumin-induced arthritis in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rats. Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was generated in rats with methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) diluted in complete Freund׳s adjuvant. Pretreatment with an intra-articular injection of 15d-PGJ2 (100 ng/TMJ) before mBSA intra-articular injection (10 µg/TMJ) (challenge) in immunized rats significantly reduced the albumin-induced arthritis inflammation. The results demonstrated that 15d-PGJ2 was able to inhibit plasma extravasation, leukocyte migration and the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, IL-18 and the chemokine CINC-1 in the TMJ tissues. In addition, 15d-PGJ2 was able to increase the expression of the anti-adhesive molecule CD55 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Taken together, it is possible to suggest that 15d-PGJ2 inhibit leukocyte infiltration and subsequently inflammatory process, through a shift in the balance of the pro- and anti-adhesive properties. Thus, 15d-PGJ2 might be used as a potential anti-inflammatory drug to treat arthritis-induced inflammation of the temporomandibular joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Silva Quinteiro
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pain, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristina Gomes Macedo
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pain, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Furtado Freitas
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pain, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Henrique Balassini Abdalla
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pain, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bonfante
- Laboratory of Orofacial Pain, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Brazil
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Sumagin R, Robin AZ, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. Transmigrated neutrophils in the intestinal lumen engage ICAM-1 to regulate the epithelial barrier and neutrophil recruitment. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:905-15. [PMID: 24345805 PMCID: PMC4062590 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil (PMN) transepithelial migration (TEM) and accumulation in luminal spaces is a hallmark of mucosal inflammation. TEM has been extensively modeled; however, the functional consequences and molecular basis of PMN interactions with luminal epithelial ligands are not clear. Here we report that cytokine-induced expression of a PMN ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), exclusively on the luminal (apical) membrane of the intestinal epithelium results in accumulation and enhanced motility of transmigrated PMN on the apical epithelial surface. Using complementary in-vitro and in-vivo approaches, we demonstrate that ligation of epithelial ICAM-1 by PMN or with specific antibodies results in myosin light-chain kinase-dependent increases in epithelial permeability that are associated with enhanced PMN TEM. Effects of ICAM-1 ligation on epithelial permeability and PMN migration in vivo were blocked after intraluminal addition of peptides derived from the cytoplasmic domain of ICAM-1. These findings provide new evidence for functional interactions between PMN and epithelial cells after migration into the intestinal lumen. Although such interactions may aid in clearance of invading microorganisms by promoting PMN recruitment, engagement of ICAM-1 under pathologic conditions would increase accumulation of epithelial-associated PMN, thus contributing to mucosal injury as observed in conditions, including ulcerative colitis.
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Hypoxia-inducible factor/MAZ-dependent induction of caveolin-1 regulates colon permeability through suppression of occludin, leading to hypoxia-induced inflammation. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3013-23. [PMID: 24891620 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00324-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are specialized microdomains on membranes that are critical for signal transduction, cholesterol transport, and endocytosis. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a multifunctional protein and a major component of caveolae. Cav1 is directly activated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). HIFs are heterodimers of an oxygen-sensitive α subunit, HIF1α or HIF2α, and a constitutively expressed β subunit, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). Whole-genome expression analysis demonstrated that Cav1 is highly induced in mouse models of constitutively activated HIF signaling in the intestine. Interestingly, Cav1 was increased only in the colon and not in the small intestine. Currently, the mechanism and role of HIF induction of CAV1 in the colon are unclear. In mouse models, mice that overexpressed HIF1α or HIF2α specifically in intestinal epithelial cells demonstrated an increase in Cav1 gene expression in the colon but not in the duodenum, jejunum, or ileum. HIF2α activated the Cav1 promoter in a HIF response element-independent manner. myc-associated zinc finger (MAZ) protein was essential for HIF2α activation of the Cav1 promoter. Hypoxic induction of CAV1 in the colon was essential for intestinal barrier integrity by regulating occludin expression. This may provide an additional mechanism by which chronic hypoxia can activate intestinal inflammation.
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A tandem repeat in decay accelerating factor 1 is associated with severity of murine mercury-induced autoimmunity. Autoimmune Dis 2014; 2014:260613. [PMID: 24818014 PMCID: PMC4003777 DOI: 10.1155/2014/260613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decay accelerating factor (DAF), a complement-regulatory protein, protects cells from bystander complement-mediated lysis and negatively regulates T cells. Reduced expression of DAF occurs in several systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, and DAF deficiency exacerbates disease in several autoimmune models, including murine mercury-induced autoimmunity (mHgIA). Daf1, located within Hmr1, a chromosome 1 locus associated in DBA/2 mice with resistance to mHgIA, could be a candidate. Here we show that reduced Daf1 transcription in lupus-prone mice was not associated with a reduction in the Daf1 transcription factor SP1. Studies of NZB mice congenic for the mHgIA-resistant DBA/2 Hmr1 locus suggested that Daf1 expression was controlled by the host genome and not the Hmr1 locus. A unique pentanucleotide repeat variant in the second intron of Daf1 in DBA/2 mice was identified and shown in F2 intercrosses to be associated with less severe disease; however, analysis of Hmr1 congenics indicated that this most likely reflected the presence of autoimmunity-predisposing genetic variants within the Hmr1 locus or that Daf1 expression is mediated by the tandem repeat in epistasis with other genetic variants present in autoimmune-prone mice. These studies argue that the effect of DAF on autoimmunity is complex and may require multiple genetic elements.
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Matthews JD, Weight CM, Parkos CA. Leukocyte-epithelial interactions and mucosal homeostasis. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 42:91-8. [PMID: 24285670 DOI: 10.1177/0192623313511336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many common inflammatory disorders are characterized by the infiltration of neutrophils across epithelial lined (mucosal) surfaces resulting in disruption of critical barrier function that protects from microbes and noxious agents. In such conditions, disease symptoms are complex but directly related to leukocyte effects on the barrier and epithelial cell function. It is now highly regarded that cellular factors such as cytokines and receptor-ligand interactions mediating adhesion of leukocytes to epithelial cells have potent effects on epithelial homeostasis, defined by coordinated proliferation, migration, differentiation, and regulated cell shedding. Certain cytokines, for example, not only alter leukocyte interactions with epithelia through changes in expression of adhesion molecules but also affect barrier function through alterations in the composition and dynamics of intercellular junctions. In particular, inflammation-induced loss of many tight junction molecules, in part, can account for dysregulated cellular proliferation, migration, survival, and barrier function. This review will highlight how neutrophils interact with epithelial cells with particular focus on adhesion molecules involved and signaling events that play roles in regulating mucosal homeostasis and pathobiology. A better understanding of these molecular events may provide new ideas for therapeutics directed at attenuating consequences of pathologic inflammation of mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Matthews
- 1Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Weissmüller T, Glover LE, Fennimore B, Curtis VF, MacManus CF, Ehrentraut SF, Campbell EL, Scully M, Grove BD, Colgan SP. HIF-dependent regulation of AKAP12 (gravin) in the control of human vascular endothelial function. FASEB J 2013; 28:256-64. [PMID: 24029533 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-238741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been widely implicated in many pathological conditions, including those associated with inflammation and tumorigenesis. A number of recent studies have implicated hypoxia in the control of vasculogenesis and permeability, the basis for which is not fully understood. Here we examine the transcriptional regulation of angiogenesis and permeability by hypoxia in endothelial cells. Guided by a global profiling approach in cultured endothelial cells, these studies revealed the selective induction of human gravin (protein kinase A anchoring protein 12) by hypoxia. Analysis of the cloned gravin promoter identified a functional hypoxia-responsive region including 2 binding sites for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Site-directed mutagenesis identified the most distal HIF-binding site as essential for the induction of gravin by hypoxia. Further studies examining gravin gain and loss of function confirmed strong dependence of gravin in control of microvascular endothelial tube formation, wherein gravin functions as a "braking" system for angiogenesis. Additional studies in confluent endothelia revealed that gravin functionally couples to control endothelial barrier function in response to protein kinase A (PKA) agonists. Taken together, these results demonstrate transcriptional coordination of gravin by HIF-1α and amplified PKA-dependent endothelial responses. These findings provide an important link between hypoxia and metabolic conditions associated with inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weissmüller
- 1Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Goggins BJ, Chaney C, Radford-Smith GL, Horvat JC, Keely S. Hypoxia and Integrin-Mediated Epithelial Restitution during Mucosal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2013; 4:272. [PMID: 24062740 PMCID: PMC3769679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial damage and loss of intestinal barrier function are hallmark pathologies of the mucosal inflammation associated with conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. In order to resolve inflammation and restore intestinal integrity the mucosa must rapidly and effectively repair the epithelial barrier. Epithelial wound healing is a highly complex and co-ordinated process and the factors involved in initiating intestinal epithelial healing are poorly defined. In order for restitution to be successful there must be a balance between epithelial cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation within and adjacent to the inflamed area. Endogenous, compensatory epithelial signaling pathways are activated by the changes in oxygen tensions that accompany inflammation. These signaling pathways induce the activation of key transcription factors, governing anti-apoptotic, and proliferative processes resulting in epithelial cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation at the site of mucosal inflammation. In this review, we will discuss the primary processes involved in epithelial restitution with a focus on the role of hypoxia-inducible factor and epithelial integrins as mediators of epithelial repair following inflammatory injury at the mucosal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridie J Goggins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia ; Hunter Medical Research Institute , New Lambton, NSW , Australia
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Wang WS, Liang HY, Cai YJ, Yang H. DMOG ameliorates IFN-γ-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by suppressing PHD2-dependent HIF-1α degradation. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 34:60-9. [PMID: 24010824 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) has been well established as a protective factor for intestinal barrier function in intestinal epithelial cells. Recently, a study found that increased HIF-1α-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. We proposed that lymphocyte-derived interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) might be responsible for the intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by increased HIF-1α. HT-29 cell monolayers were grown in the presence or absence of IFN-γ under hypoxia. Then, the transepithelial electrical resistance was measured, and HIF-1α-modulated intestinal barrier protective factors were quantified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR, western blotting, and chromatin immunoprecipitation of HIF-1α were performed. Dimethyloxalyglycine (DMOG), an inhibitor of prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs) that stabilizes HIF-1α during normoxia, and RNA interference of PHDs were also used to identify the signal pathway between IFN-γ and HIF-1α. We demonstrated that IFN-γ caused barrier dysfunction in hypoxic HT-29 cell monolayers via suppressing HIF-1α and HIF-1α-modulated intestinal barrier protective factors. We found that IFN-γ decreased HIF-1α protein expression instead of affecting HIF-1α transcription or transcriptional activity. Study also showed that DMOG reversed the IFN-γ-induced decrease in HIF-1α protein expression. Further, we found that PHD2 is the major regulator of IFN-γ-induced HIF-1α degradation by PHD inhibition and RNA interference. We conclude that IFN-γ caused barrier dysfunction by promoting PHD-, especially PHD2-, dependent HIF-1α degradation, and DMOG or PHD2 inhibition reversed this HIF-1α suppression and ameliorated barrier dysfunction. Combined with other studies demonstrating HIF-1α activation in lymphocytes promotes IFN-γ secretion, these findings suggest a mechanism by which increased HIF-1α-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Wang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
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Abstract
A current view of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) includes the luminal triggering of innate immune disease in a genetically susceptible host. Given the unique anatomy and complex environment of the intestine, local microenvironmental cues likely contribute significantly to both disease progression and resolution in IBD. Compartmentalized tissue and microbe populations within the intestine result in significant metabolic shifts within these tissue microenvironments. During active inflammatory disease, metabolic demands often exceed supply, resulting in localized areas of metabolic stress and diminished oxygen delivery (hypoxia). There is much recent interest in harnessing these microenvironmental changes to the benefit of the tissue, including targeting these pathways for therapy of IBD. Here, we review the current understanding of metabolic microenvironments within the intestine in IBD, with discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of targeting these pathways to treat patients with IBD.
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Scholz CC, Taylor CT. Targeting the HIF pathway in inflammation and immunity. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:646-53. [PMID: 23660374 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) is a frequently encountered condition in both health and disease. Metazoans have evolved an elegant and direct cellular mechanism by which to sense local oxygen levels and mount an adaptive transcriptional response to hypoxia which is mediated by a transcription factor termed the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). In normoxia, HIF is repressed primarily through the action of a family of hydroxylases, which target HIFα subunits for degradation in an oxygen-dependent manner. In hypoxia, HIF is rapidly stabilized in cells thus allowing it to regulate the expression of hundreds of genes which promote an adaptive response including genes expressing regulators of angiogenesis, metabolism, growth and survival. Initial studies into the HIF pathway focused mainly on its role in supporting tumor adaptation through enhancing processes such as angiogenesis, glycolytic metabolism and cell survival. More recently however, it has become clear that the HIF pathway also plays a key role in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. In fact, conditional knockout of the HIF-1α subunit has identified key immune roles in T-cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils and epithelial cells. In this review, we will consider the role for HIF in the regulation of the immune response and its possible contribution to inflammation. Furthermore, we will consider potential therapeutic strategies, which target the HIF pathway in chronic inflammatory and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten C Scholz
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science & The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common and debilitating clinical disorder comprising ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. IBD occurs when inappropriate immunological activity in the intestinal mucosa results in epithelial barrier dysfunction leading to exposure of the mucosal immune system to luminal antigenic material. This in turn results in the cycles of inflammation and further barrier dysfunction which underlie disease progression. Although significant therapeutic advances have been made over the last decade, current immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory treatments for IBD have significant limitations due to lack of treatment response in some patients and adverse effects, including increased risk of infection and malignancy. Recent studies using experimental models of IBD have identified that intracellular hydroxylases, a group of enzymes responsible for oxygen sensing and activation of adaptive transcriptional responses to hypoxia may represent a new class of therapeutic targets in IBD. Hydroxylase inhibitors are effective in ameliorating symptoms of colitis at least in part through the promotion of intestinal epithelial barrier function. The mechanism of this protection is due to activation of hypoxia-sensitive transcription factors, including the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), which activate specific epithelial barrier-protective transcriptional programs. In this review, the mechanism(s) of action and the therapeutic potential of small molecule hydroxylase inhibitors for the treatment of IBD will be discussed.
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Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes or neutrophils play a critical role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. They have elegant defense mechanisms to eliminate microbes that have translocated across a single layer of mucosal epithelial cells that form a critical barrier between the gut lumen and the underlying tissue. During the inflammatory response, neutrophils also contribute to the recruitment of other immune cells and facilitate mucosal healing by releasing mediators necessary for the resolution of inflammation. Although the above responses are clearly beneficial, excessive recruitment and accumulation of activated neutrophils in the intestine under pathological conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease is associated with mucosal injury and debilitating disease symptoms. Thus, depending on the circumstances, neutrophils can be viewed as either good or bad. In this article, we summarize the beneficial and deleterious roles of neutrophils in the intestine during health and disease and provide an overview of what is known about neutrophil function in the gut.
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Campbell EL, Serhan CN, Colgan SP. Antimicrobial aspects of inflammatory resolution in the mucosa: a role for proresolving mediators. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:3475-81. [PMID: 21934099 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces function as selectively permeable barriers between the host and the outside world. Given their close proximity to microbial Ags, mucosal surfaces have evolved sophisticated mechanisms for maintaining homeostasis and preventing excessive acute inflammatory reactions. The role attributed to epithelial cells was historically limited to serving as a selective barrier; in recent years, numerous findings implicate an active role of the epithelium with proresolving mediators in the maintenance of immunological equilibrium. In this brief review, we highlight new evidence that the epithelium actively contributes to coordination and resolution of inflammation, principally through the generation of anti-inflammatory and proresolution lipid mediators. These autacoids, derived from ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, are implicated in the initiation, progression, and resolution of acute inflammation and display specific, epithelial-directed actions focused on mucosal homeostasis. We also summarize present knowledge of mechanisms for resolution via regulation of epithelial-derived antimicrobial peptides in response to proresolving lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Campbell
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Goldstein JI, Kominsky DJ, Jacobson N, Bowers B, Regalia K, Austin GL, Yousefi M, Falta MT, Fontenot AP, Gerich ME, Golden-Mason L, Colgan SP. Defective leukocyte GM-CSF receptor (CD116) expression and function in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:208-16. [PMID: 21557945 PMCID: PMC3362207 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to 2 chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine, ie, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. IBD results from environmental factors (eg, bacterial antigens) triggering a dysregulated immune response in genetically predisposed hosts. Although the basis of IBD is incompletely understood, a number of recent studies have implicated defective innate immune responses in the pathogenesis of IBD. In this regard, there is much interest in therapies that activate innate immunity (eg, recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor). METHODS In this study, we screened expression and function of circulating leukocyte granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (CD116) messenger RNA and surface protein in 52 IBD patients and 52 healthy controls. RESULTS Our results show that both granulocyte and monocyte CD116 levels, but not CD114 or interleukin-3Rα, were significantly decreased in IBD compared to control (P<.001) and disease controls (irritable bowel syndrome; P<.001; rheumatoid arthritis; P<.025). IBD-associated CD116 repression was more prominent in patients with ulcerative colitis compared to Crohn's disease (P<.05), was independent of disease activity (P>.05), and was not influenced by current medications (P>.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that leukocyte CD116 expression is a sensitive (85%) and specific (92%) biomarker for IBD. Moreover, granulocyte CD116-mediated function (phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3) paralleled decreased expression of CD116 in IBD granulocytes compared to control (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS These studies identify defective expression and function of CD116 as a distinguishing feature of IBD and implicate an associated defect in innate immune responses toward granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Glover LE, Irizarry K, Scully M, Campbell EL, Bowers BE, Aherne CM, Kominsky DJ, MacManus CF, Colgan SP. IFN-γ attenuates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activity in intestinal epithelial cells through transcriptional repression of HIF-1β. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:1790-8. [PMID: 21199896 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed that hypoxia and inflammation occur coincidentally in mucosal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease. During inflammation, epithelial-expressed hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) serves an endogenously protective function. In this study, we sought to explore how mucosal immune responses influence HIF-dependent end points. Guided by a screen of relevant inflammatory mediators, we identified IFN-γ as a potent repressor of HIF-dependent transcription in human intestinal epithelial cells. Analysis of HIF levels revealed that HIF-1β, but not HIF-1α, is selectively repressed by IFN-γ in a JAK-dependent manner. Cloning and functional analysis of the HIF-1β promoter identified a prominent region for IFN-γ-dependent repression. Further studies revealed that colonic IFN-γ and HIF-1β levels were inversely correlated in a murine colitis model. Taken together, these studies demonstrated that intestinal epithelial HIF is attenuated by IFN-γ through transcriptional repression of HIF-1β. These observations are relevant to the pathophysiology of colitis (i.e., that loss of HIF signaling during active inflammation may exacerbate disease pathogenesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E Glover
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Uddin M, Levy BD. Resolvins: natural agonists for resolution of pulmonary inflammation. Prog Lipid Res 2011; 50:75-88. [PMID: 20887750 PMCID: PMC3012139 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate or excessive pulmonary inflammation can contribute to chronic lung diseases. In health, the resolution of inflammation is an active process that terminates inflammatory responses. The recent identification of endogenous lipid-derived mediators of resolution has provided a window to explore the pathobiology of inflammatory disease and structural templates for the design of novel pro-resolving therapeutics. Resolvins (resolution-phase interaction products) are a family of pro-resolving mediators that are enzymatically generated from essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Two molecular series of resolvins have been characterised, namely E- and D-series resolvins which possess distinct structural, biochemical and pharmacological properties. Acting as agonists at specific receptors (CMKLR1, BLT1, ALX/FPR2 and GPR32), resolvins can signal for potent counter-regulatory effects on leukocyte functions, including preventing uncontrolled neutrophil swarming, decreasing the generation of cytokines, chemokines and reactive oxygen species and promoting clearance of apoptotic neutrophils from inflamed tissues. Hence, resolvins provide mechanisms for cytoprotection of host tissues to the potentially detrimental effects of unresolved inflammation. This review highlights recent experimental findings in resolvin research, and the impact of these stereospecific molecules on the resolution of pulmonary inflammation and tissue catabasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohib Uddin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Room 855, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Resolvin E1-induced intestinal alkaline phosphatase promotes resolution of inflammation through LPS detoxification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:14298-303. [PMID: 20660763 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0914730107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resolvin-E1 (RvE1) has been demonstrated to promote inflammatory resolution in numerous disease models. Given the importance of epithelial cells to coordination of mucosal inflammation, we hypothesized that RvE1 elicits an epithelial resolution signature. Initial studies revealed that the RvE1-receptor (ChemR23) is expressed on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and that microarray profiling of cells exposed to RvE1 revealed regulation of inflammatory response gene expression. Notably, RvE1 induced intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALPI) expression and significantly enhanced epithelial ALPI enzyme activity. One role recently attributed to ALPI is the detoxification of bacterial LPS. In our studies, RvE1-exposed epithelia detoxified LPS (assessed by attenuation of NF-kappaB signaling). Furthermore, in epithelial-bacterial interaction assays, we determined that ALPI retarded the growth of Escherichia coli. To define these features in vivo, we used a murine dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of colitis. Compared with vehicle controls, administration of RvE1 resulted in significant improvement of disease activity indices (e.g., body weight, colon length) concomitant with increased ALPI expression in the intestinal epithelium. Moreover, inhibition of ALPI activity resulted in increased severity of colitis in DSS-treated animals and partially abrogated the protective influence of RvE1. Together, these data implicate a previously unappreciated role for ALPI in RvE1-mediated inflammatory resolution.
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Nowicki S, Izban MG, Pawelczyk E, Agboto VK, Pratap S, Olson G, Nowicki B. Preterm labor: CD55 in maternal blood leukocytes. Am J Reprod Immunol 2009; 61:360-7. [PMID: 19341386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2009.00702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Intrauterine inflammation is a frequent and significant factor associated with the pathogenesis of preterm labor/birth (PTL/PTB). However, it remains unclear whether the intrauterine inflammatory responses activate the maternal peripheral circulation. We explored the association between PTL/PTB and the 'activation' of the peripheral circulatory system by determining whether CD55 mRNA expression within peripheral WBCs differed between PTL and control patients not in labor. METHOD OF STUDY RNA was purified from white blood cells collected from pregnant women with preterm labor (n = 45), and from pregnant (n = 30) control women. CD55 gene expression was evaluated by quantitative PCR. RESULTS The mean CD55 mRNA level within the PTL group (0.77 +/- 0.03) was 1.48-fold higher than that observed (0.52 +/- 0.02) within the control group (P < 0.0001); 71% of PTL patients and only 6.7% of control subjects expressed elevated CD55 mRNA. The receiver operating characteristics (with 95% CI) of CD55 as a marker for PTL were as follows: Sensitivity, 69% (53-82%); Specificity, 93% (78-99%); Positive Predictive Value, 94% (80-99%); and Negative Predictive Value, 67% (51-80%). In the patient population that delivered prematurely (before 37 weeks), 81% expressed elevated CD55 mRNA levels with a mean of 0.78 +/- 0.03 and 95% CI of 0.71-0.84. The receiver operating characteristics were as follows: Sensitivity, 73% (54-88%); Specificity, 86% (71-95%); Positive Predictive Value, 81.5% (62-94%); and Negative Predictive Value, 80% (64-91%). CONCLUSION Here we report for the first time that CD55 mRNA expression was elevated in the peripheral WBCs of subjects with preterm labor compared with control gestationally-matched pregnant woman and that elevated leukocyte CD55 may be a useful predictor of subsequent PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Nowicki
- Departments of Obstrics and Gynocology, and Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd, Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
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50
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Keely S, Glover LE, MacManus CF, Campbell EL, Scully MM, Furuta GT, Colgan SP. Selective induction of integrin beta1 by hypoxia-inducible factor: implications for wound healing. FASEB J 2008; 23:1338-46. [PMID: 19103643 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-125344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Because of localized vascular damage and increased tissue oxygen demand, wound healing occurs in a relatively hypoxic microenvironment. These features are particularly relevant to wound healing and fibrosis in chronic inflammatory conditions, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In these studies, we sought to identify the contribution of hypoxia to mechanisms of wound repair in a model of the intestinal submucosa. Initial studies revealed that hypoxia promotes wound healing, as modeled by an increase in intestinal fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. Guided by results from transcriptional profiling, we identified the selective induction of fibroblast integrin beta1 (ITGB1) by hypoxia. Further analysis revealed that hypoxia, as well as pharmacological activators of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), induce fibroblast beta1 integrin mRNA, protein, and function by as much as 4-fold. Cloning and analysis of the beta1 integrin gene promoter revealed a 10 +/- 0.8-fold increase in promoter activity in response to hypoxia, and subsequent studies identified a functional DNA binding region for HIF in the ITGB1 gene promoter. Mutational analysis of the HIF binding site within the ITGB1 promoter resulted in a significant loss of ITGB1 hypoxia-inducibility. As proof of principle, studies in a murine model of colitis revealed a correlation between colitic disease severity and tissue ITGB1 expression (R(2)=0.80). Taken together, these results demonstrate that hypoxia induces fibroblast ITGB1 expression and function by transcriptional mechanisms dependent on HIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Keely
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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