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Ichinose Y, Nagira A, Sumitomo N, Kakegawa A, Fukushima N. Spontaneous regeneration after resection of various lengths of hypoglossal nerve in rats. J Oral Biosci 2024:S1349-0079(24)00093-8. [PMID: 38821485 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate spontaneous neural regeneration and functional recovery after resection of various lengths of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve in adult rats. METHODS Twelve weeks after XII nerve resection at lengths ranging from 0.0-15.8 mm, the tongue deviation angle of rats was measured to evaluate the severity of paralysis; thereafter, the XII neurons in the XII nucleus were labeled with Fluoro-Gold (FG), which was injected into the tongue to visualize regenerated XII neurons re-innervating the tongue muscles. RESULTS In the XII nerve-resected rats, the regenerative rates, that is, the percentage of the total number of FG-positive neurons on the injured side relative to that on the uninjured side, were divided into two groups; the regenerative rates were more than 77% and less than 6%, respectively. Upon comparing the two groups, the boundary resection length was approximately 10.0 mm. Moreover, the former and latter groups demonstrated tongue deviation angles less than or greater than 15°, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The critical nerve gap length for spontaneous neural regeneration was approximately 10.0 mm in XII nerve-resected adult rats, and nerve regeneration occurred in both morphological and functional aspects after resection at less than the critical length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ichinose
- Department of Anatomy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Ayata Nagira
- Department of Anatomy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Norimi Sumitomo
- Department of Anatomy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Akira Kakegawa
- Department of Anatomy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Nanae Fukushima
- Department of Anatomy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
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Wang X, Liu F, Wang T, He Y, Guo Y. Applications of hydrogels in tissue-engineered repairing of temporomandibular joint diseases. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2579-2598. [PMID: 38679944 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01687k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies reveal that symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) occur in 60-70% of adults. The inflammatory damage caused by TMDs can easily lead to defects in the articular disc, condylar cartilage, subchondral bone and muscle of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and cause pain. Despite the availability of various methods for treating TMDs, few existing treatment schemes can achieve permanent recovery. This necessity drives the search for new approaches. Hydrogels, polymers with high water content, have found widespread use in tissue engineering and regeneration due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties, which resemble those of human tissues. In the context of TMD therapy, numerous experiments have demonstrated that hydrogels show favorable effects in aspects such as articular disc repair, cartilage regeneration, muscle repair, pain relief, and drug delivery. This review aims to summarize the application of hydrogels in the therapy of TMDs based on recent research findings. It also highlights deficiencies in current hydrogel research related to TMD therapy and outlines the broad potential of hydrogel applications in treating TMJ diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fushuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yikai He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Pan Z, Zhang X, Xie W, Cui J, Wang Y, Zhang B, Du L, Zhai W, Sun H, Li Y, Li D. Revisited and innovative perspectives of oral ulcer: from biological specificity to local treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1335377. [PMID: 38456005 PMCID: PMC10917957 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1335377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mouth ulcers, a highly prevalent ailment affecting the oral mucosa, leading to pain and discomfort, significantly impacting the patient's daily life. The development of innovative approaches for oral ulcer treatment is of great importance. Moreover, a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of mouth ulcers will facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. The oral environment possesses distinct traits as it serves as the gateway to the digestive and respiratory systems. The permeability of various epithelial layers can influence drug absorption. Moreover, oral mucosal injuries exhibit distinct healing patterns compared to cutaneous lesions, influenced by various inherent and extrinsic factors. Furthermore, the moist and dynamic oral environment, influenced by saliva and daily physiological functions like chewing and speaking, presents additional challenges in local therapy. Also, suitable mucosal adhesion materials are crucial to alleviate pain and promote healing process. To this end, the review comprehensively examines the anatomical and structural aspects of the oral cavity, elucidates the healing mechanisms of oral ulcers, explores the factors contributing to scar-free healing in the oral mucosa, and investigates the application of mucosal adhesive materials as drug delivery systems. This endeavor seeks to offer novel insights and perspectives for the treatment of oral ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Pan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wangni Xie
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Cui
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liuyi Du
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenhao Zhai
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongchen Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Daowei Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zheng L, Shi L, Wu X, Hu P, Zhang B, Han X, Wang K, Li X, Yang F, Wang Y, Li X, Qiao R. Advances in Research on Pig Salivary Analytes: A Window to Reveal Pig Health and Physiological Status. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:374. [PMID: 38338017 PMCID: PMC10854898 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Saliva is an important exocrine fluid that is easy to collect and is a complex mixture of proteins and other molecules from multiple sources from which considerable biological information can be mined. Pig saliva, as an easily available biological liquid rich in bioactive ingredients, is rich in nucleic acid analytes, such as eggs, enzymes, amino acids, sugars, etc. The expression levels of these components in different diseases have received extensive attention, and the analysis of specific proteins, metabolites, and biological compositions in pig saliva has become a new direction for disease diagnosis and treatment. The study of the changes in analytes in pig saliva can provide a new strategy for early diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and treatment of diseases. In this paper, the detection methods and research progress of porcine salivary analytes are reviewed, the application and research progress of porcine salivary analytes in diseases are discussed, and the future application prospect is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruimin Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (L.Z.); (L.S.)
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Liu Z, Du Y, Xu S, Li M, Lu X, Tian G, Ye J, Zhao B, Wei P, Wang Y. Histatin 1-modified SIS hydrogels enhance the sealing of peri-implant mucosa to prevent peri-implantitis. iScience 2023; 26:108212. [PMID: 37965149 PMCID: PMC10641262 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implants make it possible to replace teeth in more sophisticated ways. Nevertheless, peri-implantitis is one of the leading causes of implant failure, which can be avoided with proper soft tissue sealing. The aim of this study was to achieve the promotion of the synthesis of peri-implant epithelial hemidesmosome through Histatin 1 and porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) hydrogel to form a good peri-implant seal. The results show that hydrogel can improve the biological barrier function around implants by combining antibacterial, promoting soft tissue healing and promoting epithelial bonding. This means that the morphology and anti-infection ability of soft tissue are enhanced, which ensures the long-term stability of the implant.SIS-Hst1 hydrogel has certain clinical application in the prevention and early treatment of peri-implantitis. In conclusion, Hst1-SIS hydrogel, as a local administration system, provides experimental evidence for the prevention of peri-implant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Liu
- Zhongnuo Dental Hospital, Tianjin Nankai District, Tianjin 300101, China
| | - Yaqi Du
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30070, China
| | - Shendan Xu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30070, China
| | - Minting Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30070, China
| | - Xuemei Lu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30070, China
| | - Guangjie Tian
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30070, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yonglan Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30070, China
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Hu Z, Guo X, Chen L, Lei W. Transnasal negative pressure therapy for accelerating healing and improving the prognosis of pharyngocutaneous fistula. Head Neck 2023; 45:2809-2818. [PMID: 37695059 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is one of the most common complications of total laryngectomy. This study is to investigate the efficacy of a novel platform called transnasal negative pressure therapy (TNPT) in the management of PCF. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 47 patients who underwent total laryngectomy between April 2015 and February 2021 and developed PCF in our hospital. We focused on the healing rate, dressing change frequency, and healing time between the TNPT and non-TNPT groups. The 2 years overall survival (OS) was compared through the log-rank test. RESULTS There were 18 patients in the TNPT group and 29 in the non-TNPT group. There was no significant between-group difference in the healing rate (chi-square test). However, the frequency of dressing changes was significantly lower (p < 0.001) and the healing time was significantly shorter (p = 0.0194) in the TNPT group than in the non-TNPT group. The 2-year OS rate was significantly higher in the TNPT group (p = 0.0473, log-rank test). CONCLUSION TNPT promoted wound healing after surgery for PCF and improved the 2-year OS rate. This tool is worthy of clinical application and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangwei Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Lei
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Ravikumar D, Ramani P, Gayathri R, Hemashree K, Prabhakaran P. Physical and chemical properties of saliva and its role in Early Childhood caries - A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:527-538. [PMID: 37351419 PMCID: PMC10282172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early Childhood Caries is a chronic disease of childhood and salivary parameters are considered as one of the prime etiological factors of Early Childhood Caries. Aim To develop a systematic review based on the relation between physical and chemical properties of saliva and Early childhood caries by comparing children with and without Early childhood caries. Methods PubMed, Cochrane, Lilacs, Embase, Scopus, and additional manual search was done up to April 2021 to identify the original cross-sectional observational studies published in English. The risk of bias and quality of the included papers were assessed based on New castle Ottawa guidelines. Results From a total of 1709 identified studies, only 22 articles were included in this systematic review and 10 studies were qualified for meta-analysis. Eight studies were classified as ''moderate risk of bias'' and fourteen studies were classified as ''high risk of bias''. Conclusion There was a significant difference in physical and chemical properties of saliva in children with and without Early childhood caries. Since wide disparity were evident in available studies, further studies are needed to arrive to a definitive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanalakshmi Ravikumar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - R. Gayathri
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - K. Hemashree
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Pranitha Prabhakaran
- Private Practice, Conservative Dentist and Endodontist, Civic Dental and Maxillofacial Clinic, Palakkad, India
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8
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Golshani S, Vatanara A, Balalaie S, Kadkhoda Z, Abdollahi M, Amin M. Development of a Novel Histatin-5 Mucoadhesive Gel for the Treatment of Oral Mucositis: In Vitro Characterization and In Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:177. [PMID: 37639072 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have appeared to be promising candidates for therapeutic purposes due to their broad antimicrobial activity and non-toxicity. Histatin-5 (Hst-5) is a notable salivary antimicrobial peptide that exhibited therapeutic properties in the oral cavity. Oral mucositis is an acute inflammation of the oral cavity, following cancer therapy. The current treatment methods of oral mucositis have low effectiveness. The aim of this study was to design, formulate and characterize a mucoadhesive gel delivery system for Hst-5 usage in the treatment of oral mucositis. Carbopol 934 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) have been used in the development of a Hst-5 mucoadhesive gel that was optimized by using Box-Behnken design. The optimized formulation was evaluated in-vitro, based on mucoadhesive strength, viscoelasticity, spreadability, release rate, peptide secondary structure analysis, antimicrobial activity, and storage stability. The efficacy of Hst-5 gel was assessed in vivo in a chemotherapy-induced mucositis model. The results showed a sustained release of Hst-5 from the new formulation. Hst-5 gel exerted antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The histopathological, immunohistochemical and statistical analysis showed that the Hst-5 gel had wound healing activity in vivo. The findings of this study indicate that the mentioned compound possesses promising potential as a novel and efficient therapeutic agent in managing oral mucositis. Moreover, the results suggest that the compound is commercially feasible for further development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Golshani
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 16th Azar Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Vatanara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaie
- Peptide Chemistry Research Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P. O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Kadkhoda
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amin
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 16th Azar Street, Tehran, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Messana I, Manconi B, Cabras T, Boroumand M, Sanna MT, Iavarone F, Olianas A, Desiderio C, Rossetti DV, Vincenzoni F, Contini C, Guadalupi G, Fiorita A, Faa G, Castagnola M. The Post-Translational Modifications of Human Salivary Peptides and Proteins Evidenced by Top-Down Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12776. [PMID: 37628956 PMCID: PMC10454625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we extensively describe the main post-translational modifications that give rise to the multiple proteoforms characterized to date in the human salivary proteome and their potential role. Most of the data reported were obtained by our group in over twenty-five years of research carried out on human saliva mainly by applying a top-down strategy. In the beginning, we describe the products generated by proteolytic cleavages, which can occur before and after secretion. In this section, the most relevant families of salivary proteins are also described. Next, we report the current information concerning the human salivary phospho-proteome and the limited news available on sulfo-proteomes. Three sections are dedicated to the description of glycation and enzymatic glycosylation. Citrullination and N- and C-terminal post-translational modifications (PTMs) and miscellaneous other modifications are described in the last two sections. Results highlighting the variation in the level of some proteoforms in local or systemic pathologies are also reviewed throughout the sections of the manuscript to underline the impact and relevance of this information for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers useful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | | | - Maria Teresa Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (F.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Diana Valeria Rossetti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (C.D.); (D.V.R.)
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (F.V.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Contini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Guadalupi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (B.M.); (M.T.S.); (A.O.); (C.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonella Fiorita
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Fondazione IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa e del Collo, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Proteomics Laboratory, European Center for Brain Research, (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Ahmadian M, Maleki Kambakhsh S, Einollahi N, Babazadeh S, Tofangchiha M, D'Amato G, Patini R. Salivary Protein and Electrolyte Profiles during Primary Teeth Eruption: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071335. [PMID: 37046552 PMCID: PMC10093475 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the qualitative changes in the saliva during the process of primary teeth eruption. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 147 children from 2 to 48 months, of which 49 were in group A (no erupted primary teeth), 53 were in group B (at least one active erupting primary tooth), and 45 were in group C (eruption of all 20 primary teeth was completed). Salivary proteins were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis with polyacrylamide gel, while the concentrations of salivary sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium ions were evaluated by ion selective electrodes. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (alpha = 0.05). The concentration of proteins with molecular weights of 20-30 KDa was significantly higher in group A, and it gradually decreased with age. The concentration of proteins with molecular weights of 50-60 KDa in group B was significantly lower than those of groups A and C. The calcium ion concentration in group A was significantly higher than that of the other groups. The concentration of potassium ions was minimal in group C. The proteins and electrolyte profiles of the subjects' saliva changed in the process of primary tooth eruption. The highest concentrations of proteins such as statherin, histatin, P-B peptide, and cystatin and the lowest concentrations of proteins such as amylase were present in group B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ahmadian
- School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran
| | - Sara Maleki Kambakhsh
- School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran
- Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran
| | - Nahid Einollahi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14197-33141, Iran
| | - Saber Babazadeh
- Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48959, Iran
| | - Maryam Tofangchiha
- Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199-15315, Iran
| | - Giuseppe D'Amato
- Unicamillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Romeo Patini
- Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, School of Dentistry, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00135 Rome, Italy
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Lizama BN, Kahle J, Catalano SM, Caggiano AO, Grundman M, Hamby ME. Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076251. [PMID: 37047224 PMCID: PMC10093856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a large unmet medical need to develop disease-modifying treatment options for individuals with age-related degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. The sigma-2 receptor (S2R), encoded by TMEM97, is expressed in brain and retinal cells, and regulates cell functions via its co-receptor progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), and through other protein–protein interactions. Studies describing functions of S2R involve the manipulation of expression or pharmacological modulation using exogenous small-molecule ligands. These studies demonstrate that S2R modulates key pathways involved in age-related diseases including autophagy, trafficking, oxidative stress, and amyloid-β and α-synuclein toxicity. Furthermore, S2R modulation can ameliorate functional deficits in cell-based and animal models of disease. This review summarizes the current evidence-based understanding of S2R biology and function, and its potential as a therapeutic target for age-related degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer’s disease, α-synucleinopathies, and dry age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Grundman
- Global R&D Partners, LLC., San Diego, CA 92130, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mary E. Hamby
- Cognition Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Pan L, Zhang X, Gao Q. Histatin-1 alleviates high-glucose injury to skin keratinocytes through MAPK signaling pathway. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6281-6291. [PMID: 35819887 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damage to keratinocytes and other skin cells in a high-glucose environment has been proven to be an important reason for the poor wound healing ability of chronic diabetes mellitus. Histatin-1 has been preliminarily proven to stimulate the wound healing process of the oral and non-oral mucosa and has been found to be related to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of histatin-1 on high-glucose-injured keratinocytes and the role of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway on the effect of histatin-1 to improve diabetic wound healing. METHODS A human keratinocyte model damaged by high glucose was constructed, cell proliferation was detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was detected by ELISA, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway protein expression level was detected by Western blot. C-fos mRNA expression was detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS The results indicated that histatin-1 promoted proliferation and reduced the rate of apoptosis and 8-OHdG content in keratinocytes with high-glucose injury. In addition, histatin-1 down-regulated MEK phosphorylation in keratinocytes with high-glucose injury. However, with the extension of the intervention, the effect of histatin-1 on c-fos mRNA expression was different. At the early stage of high-glucose injury (12 h), the expression of c-fos mRNA was not increased in high-glucose-injured keratinocytes treated with histatin-1 but then c-fos mRNA expression was gradually upregulated. CONCLUSION Histatin-1 could alleviate keratinocyte injury caused by high glucose levels and promoted wound healing in vitro. In addition, histatin-1 could exert anti-apoptotic and antioxidant damage effects under high-glucose injury states. These effects of histatin-1 may be related to its regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, these findings provide an essential theoretical basis for histatin-1 to become a safe and effective new peptide biological agent to promote wound healing in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuanfen Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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desJardins-Park HE, Gurtner GC, Wan DC, Longaker MT. From Chronic Wounds to Scarring: The Growing Health Care Burden of Under- and Over-Healing Wounds. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:496-510. [PMID: 34521257 PMCID: PMC9634983 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Wound healing is the largest medical market without an existing small molecule/drug treatment. Both "under-healing" (chronic wounds) and "over-healing" (scarring) cause a substantial biomedical burden and lifelong consequences for patients. These problems cost tens of billions of dollars per year in the United States alone, a number expected to grow as the population ages and the prevalence of common comorbidities (e.g., diabetes) rises. However, no therapies currently exist to produce the "ideal" healing outcome: efficient wound repair through regeneration of normal tissue. Recent Advances: Ongoing research continues to illuminate possible therapeutic avenues for wound healing. By identifying underlying mechanisms of wound repair-for instance, tissue mechanics' role in fibrosis or cell populations that modulate wound healing and scarring-novel molecular targets may be defined. This Advances in Wound Care Forum issue includes reviews of scientific literature and original research from the Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine at Stanford and its alumni, including developing approaches for encouraging wound healing, minimizing fibrosis, and coaxing regeneration. Critical Issues: Wound healing problems reflect an enormous and rapidly expanding clinical burden. The issues of both under- and over-healing wound outcomes will continue to expand as their underlying causes (e.g., diabetes) grow. Targeted treatments are needed to enable wound repair with functional tissue restoration and decreased scarring. Future Directions: Basic scientists will continue to refine understanding of factors driving undesirable wound outcomes. These discoveries are beginning to be translated and, in the coming years, will hopefully form the foundation for antiscarring drugs and other wound therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. desJardins-Park
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Geoffrey C. Gurtner
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; Stanford, California, USA
| | - Derrick C. Wan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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14
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GPCR/endocytosis/ERK signaling/S2R is involved in the regulation of the internalization, mitochondria-targeting and -activating properties of human salivary histatin 1. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:42. [PMID: 35970844 PMCID: PMC9378733 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human salivary histatin 1 (Hst1) exhibits a series of cell-activating properties, such as promoting cell spreading, migration, and metabolic activity. We recently have shown that fluorescently labeled Hst1 (F-Hst1) targets and activates mitochondria, presenting an important molecular mechanism. However, its regulating signaling pathways remain to be elucidated. We investigated the influence of specific inhibitors of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), endocytosis pathways, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling, p38 signaling, mitochondrial respiration and Na+/K+-ATPase activity on the uptake, mitochondria-targeting and -activating properties of F-Hst1. We performed a siRNA knockdown (KD) to assess the effect of Sigma-2 receptor (S2R) /Transmembrane Protein 97 (TMEM97)—a recently identified target protein of Hst1. We also adopted live cell imaging to monitor the whole intracellular trafficking process of F-Hst1. Our results showed that the inhibition of cellular respiration hindered the internalization of F-Hst1. The inhibitors of GPCR, ERK1/2, phagocytosis, and clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) as well as siRNA KD of S2R/TMEM97 significantly reduced the uptake, which was accompanied by the nullification of the promoting effect of F-Hst1 on cell metabolic activity. Only the inhibitor of CME and KD of S2R/TMEM97 significantly compromised the mitochondria-targeting of Hst1. We further showed the intracellular trafficking and targeting process of F-Hst1, in which early endosome plays an important role. Overall, phagocytosis, CME, GPCR, ERK signaling, and S2R/TMEM97 are involved in the internalization of Hst1, while only CME and S2R/TMEM97 are critical for its subcellular targeting. The inhibition of either internalization or mitochondria-targeting of Hst1 could significantly compromise its mitochondria-activating property.
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Cao Y, Shi X, Zhao X, Chen B, Li X, Li Y, Chen Y, Chen C, Lu H, Liu J. Acellular dermal matrix decorated with collagen-affinity peptide accelerate diabetic wound healing through sustained releasing Histatin-1 mediated promotion of angiogenesis. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122017. [PMID: 35839983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Treating diabetic ulcers is a major challenge in clinical practice, persecuting millions of patients with diabetes and increasing the medical burden. Recombinant growth factor application can accelerate diabetic wound healing via angiogenesis. The local administration of recombinant growth factors has no robust clinical efficiency because of the degradation of append short duration of the molecules in the hostile inflammatoryenvironment.The present study focused on the pathophysiology of impaired neovascularization and growth factor short duration in the diabetic wound. We prepared a collagen-binding domain (CBD)-fused recombinant peptide (C-Histatin-1) that had both pro-angiogenesis capacity and collagen-affinity properties. Next, we created a biocompatible acellular dermal matrix (ADM) as a drug delivery carrier that featured collagen-richness, high porosity, and non-cytotoxicity. C-Histatin-1 was then tethered on ADM to obtain a sustained-release effect. Finally, a functional scaffold (C-Hst1/ADM) was developed. C-Hst1/ADM can sustain-release Histatin-1 to promote the adhesion, migration, and angiogenesisof vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Using a diabetic wound model, we showed that C-Hst1/ADM could significantly promote angiogenesis, reduce scar widths, and improve extracellular collagen accumulation. Therefore, the results of this study provide a foundation for the clinical application of C-Hst1/ADM covering scaffold in the treatment of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Cao
- Department of Limbs (Foot and Hand) Microsurgery, Chenzhou No.1 people's hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Limbs (Foot and Hand) Microsurgery, Chenzhou No.1 people's hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Limbs (Foot and Hand) Microsurgery, Chenzhou No.1 people's hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xiying Li
- Department of Limbs (Foot and Hand) Microsurgery, Chenzhou No.1 people's hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yabei Li
- Department of Limbs (Foot and Hand) Microsurgery, Chenzhou No.1 people's hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yaowu Chen
- Department of Limbs (Foot and Hand) Microsurgery, Chenzhou No.1 people's hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Can Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China; Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Sports and Health, Changsha, China; Mobile Health Ministry of Education - China Mobile Joint Laboratory, Changsha, China; Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculeskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Limbs (Foot and Hand) Microsurgery, Chenzhou No.1 people's hospital, Chenzhou, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China.
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16
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Shannon AH, Adelman SA, Hisey EA, Potnis SS, Rozo V, Yung MW, Li JY, Murphy CJ, Thomasy SM, Leonard BC. Antimicrobial Peptide Expression at the Ocular Surface and Their Therapeutic Use in the Treatment of Microbial Keratitis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:857735. [PMID: 35722307 PMCID: PMC9201425 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.857735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial keratitis is a common cause of ocular pain and visual impairment worldwide. The ocular surface has a relatively paucicellular microbial community, mostly found in the conjunctiva, while the cornea would be considered relatively sterile. However, in patients with microbial keratitis, the cornea can be infected with multiple pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Fusarium sp. Treatment with topical antimicrobials serves as the standard of care for microbial keratitis, however, due to high rates of pathogen resistance to current antimicrobial medications, alternative therapeutic strategies must be developed. Multiple studies have characterized the expression and activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), endogenous peptides with key antimicrobial and wound healing properties, on the ocular surface. Recent studies and clinical trials provide promise for the use of AMPs as therapeutic agents. This article reviews the repertoire of AMPs expressed at the ocular surface, how expression of these AMPs can be modulated, and the potential for harnessing the AMPs as potential therapeutics for patients with microbial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison H. Shannon
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sara A. Adelman
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Erin A. Hisey
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sanskruti S. Potnis
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa Rozo
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Madeline W. Yung
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Y. Li
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sara M. Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Brian C. Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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17
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The Efficacy of Salivary Histatin-1 protein in Wound Closure of Nicotine treated Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast cells - In vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 141:105486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Mateluna C, Torres P, Rodriguez-Peña M, Silva P, Matthies DJ, Criollo A, Bikker FJ, Bolscher JGM, Wilson CAM, Zapata-Torres G, Torres VA. Identification of VEGFR2 as the Histatin-1 receptor in endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115079. [PMID: 35551916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Histatin-1 is a salivary peptide with antimicrobial and wound healing promoting activities, which was previously shown to stimulate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo via inducing endothelial cell migration. The mechanisms underlying the proangiogenic effects of Histatin-1 remain poorly understood and specifically, the endothelial receptor for this peptide, is unknown. Based on the similarities between Histatin-1-dependent responses and those induced by the prototypical angiogenic receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), we hypothesized that VEGFR2 is the Histatin-1 receptor in endothelial cells. First, we observed that VEGFR2 is necessary for Histatin-1-induced endothelial cell migration, as shown by both pharmacological inhibition studies and siRNA-mediated ablation of VEGFR2. Moreover, Histatin-1 co-immunoprecipitated and co-localized with VEGFR2, associating spatial proximity between these proteins with receptor activation. Indeed, pulldown assays with pure, tagged and non-tagged proteins showed that Histatin-1 and VEGFR2 directly interact in vitro. Optical tweezers experiments permitted estimating kinetic parameters and rupture forces, indicating that the Histatin-1-VEGFR2 interaction is transient, but specific and direct. Sequence alignment and molecular modeling identified residues Phe26, Tyr30 and Tyr34 within the C-terminal domain of Histatin-1 as relevant for VEGFR2 binding and activation. This was corroborated by mutation and molecular dynamics analyses, as well as in direct binding assays. Importantly, these residues were required for Histatin-1 to induce endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis in vitro. Taken together, our findings reveal that VEGFR2 is the endothelial cell receptor of Histatin-1 and provide insights to the mechanism by which this peptide promotes endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mateluna
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Rodriguez-Peña
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Silva
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Douglas J Matthies
- Molecular Graphics Suite, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, VU University & University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan G M Bolscher
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, VU University & University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christian A M Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerald Zapata-Torres
- Molecular Graphics Suite, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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19
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Iksanova AM, Arzumanian VG, Konanykhina SY, Samoylikov PV. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins in human biological fluids. MICROBIOLOGY INDEPENDENT RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.18527/2500-2236-2022-9-1-37-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are endogenous compounds that have a direct antimicrobial effect on bacteria (e. g., by disrupting bacterial membranes), as well as on fungi and viruses. AMPs are the main component of the innate immunity of living organisms and are produced by both epithelial cells (skin cells, cells of respiratory tract, intestine, urinary and genital tracts) and cells of the immune system and are secreted into secretory fluids. AMPs can also act as chemoattractants for immunocompetent cells (neutrophils, monocytes, T lymphocytes, dendritic cells) in the inflammation site and affect the antigen presenting cells by modulating adaptive T cell immune responses. The representatives of the main 15 AMP classes, that we describe in this review, are the most studied group of the large pool of these compounds. We discuss their localization, expression, and concentration in various biofluids of humans under normal and pathological conditions.
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Chibly AM, Aure MH, Patel VN, Hoffman MP. Salivary Gland Function, Development and Regeneration. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1495-1552. [PMID: 35343828 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for maintaining oral health and overall health. Understanding both the unique structure and physiological function of salivary glands, as well as how they are affected by disease and injury will direct the development of therapy to repair and regenerate them. Significant recent advances, particularly in the OMICS field, increase our understanding of how salivary glands develop at the cellular, molecular and genetic levels; the signaling pathways involved, the dynamics of progenitor cell lineages in development, homeostasis and regeneration and the role of the extracellular matrix microenvironment. These provide a template for cell and gene therapies as well as bioengineering approaches to repair or regenerate salivary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martinez Chibly
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Philip Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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21
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González JA, Vallejo JR. Relics and Historical Uses of Human Zootherapeutic Products in Contemporary Spanish Ethnoveterinary Medicine. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120323. [PMID: 34941850 PMCID: PMC8707080 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: this review documents the wide repertoire of practices and remedies based on the use of human-derived products in Spanish ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) from the early 20th century to the present. These practices are compared with historical data and those of other countries; (2) Methods: a search using advanced functions in the most important databases in the fields of ethnobiology, EVM, folklore, and ethnography was performed. Information was obtained from 29 documentary sources; (3) Results: from the search of the literature, 46 use-reports related to the veterinary use of human urine, menstrual fluid, saliva, breast milk, and faeces were recorded. These zootherapeutic resources are/were used to treat 20 animal diseases, in particular dermatological ailments. In addition, many practices of the magical-religious type are documented; (4) Conclusions: the veterinary uses described and analysed here are fundamental to the development of therapeutic tools and creating teaching and learning processes in new popular veterinary practices adapted to the users and those who demand them. The information collected could form a scientific foundation for future inventories of local veterinary knowledge (LVK) and research addressing the discovery of new drugs for livestock. This work contributes to the inventory of some uses, traditional practices, and rituals seriously threatened by the progressive loss of LVK in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. González
- Grupo de Investigación de Recursos Etnobiológicos del Duero-Douro (GRIRED), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37071 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - José Ramón Vallejo
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Biología Celular, Histología, Historia de la Ciencia, Medicina Legal y Forense y Toxicología, Área de Historia de la Ciencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, E-11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence:
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22
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The Bigger Picture: Why Oral Mucosa Heals Better Than Skin. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081165. [PMID: 34439831 PMCID: PMC8394648 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is an essential process to restore tissue integrity after trauma. Large skin wounds such as burns often heal with hypertrophic scarring and contractures, resulting in disfigurements and reduced joint mobility. Such adverse healing outcomes are less common in the oral mucosa, which generally heals faster compared to skin. Several studies have identified differences between oral and skin wound healing. Most of these studies however focus only on a single stage of wound healing or a single cell type. The aim of this review is to provide an extensive overview of wound healing in skin versus oral mucosa during all stages of wound healing and including all cell types and molecules involved in the process and also taking into account environmental specific factors such as exposure to saliva and the microbiome. Next to intrinsic properties of resident cells and differential expression of cytokines and growth factors, multiple external factors have been identified that contribute to oral wound healing. It can be concluded that faster wound closure, the presence of saliva, a more rapid immune response, and increased extracellular matrix remodeling all contribute to the superior wound healing and reduced scar formation in oral mucosa, compared to skin.
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Pereira D, Sequeira I. A Scarless Healing Tale: Comparing Homeostasis and Wound Healing of Oral Mucosa With Skin and Oesophagus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682143. [PMID: 34381771 PMCID: PMC8350526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues are the most rapidly dividing tissues in the body, holding a natural ability for renewal and regeneration. This ability is crucial for survival as epithelia are essential to provide the ultimate barrier against the external environment, protecting the underlying tissues. Tissue stem and progenitor cells are responsible for self-renewal and repair during homeostasis and following injury. Upon wounding, epithelial tissues undergo different phases of haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodelling, often resulting in fibrosis and scarring. In this review, we explore the phenotypic differences between the skin, the oesophagus and the oral mucosa. We discuss the plasticity of these epithelial stem cells and contribution of different fibroblast subpopulations for tissue regeneration and wound healing. While these epithelial tissues share global mechanisms of stem cell behaviour for tissue renewal and regeneration, the oral mucosa is known for its outstanding healing potential with minimal scarring. We aim to provide an updated review of recent studies that combined cell therapy with bioengineering exporting the unique scarless properties of the oral mucosa to improve skin and oesophageal wound healing and to reduce fibrotic tissue formation. These advances open new avenues toward the ultimate goal of achieving scarless wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Inês Sequeira
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Zhang F, Cheng Z, Ding C, Li J. Functional biomedical materials derived from proteins in the acquired salivary pellicle. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6507-6520. [PMID: 34304263 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the oral environment, the acquired salivary pellicle (ASP) on the tooth surface comprises proteins, glycoproteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. The ASP can specifically and rapidly adsorb on the enamel surface to provide effective lubrication, protection, hydration, and remineralisation, as well as be recognised by various bacteria to form a microbial biofilm (plaque). The involved proteins, particularly various phosphoproteins such as statherins, histatins, and proline-rich proteins, are vital to their specific functions. This review first describes the relationship between the biological functions of these proteins and their structures. Subsequently, recent advances in functional biomedical materials derived from these proteins are reviewed in terms of dental/bone therapeutic materials, antibacterial materials, tissue engineering materials, and coatings for medical devices. Finally, perspectives and challenges regarding the rational design and biomedical applications of ASP-derived materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Physical Examination Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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25
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Cheng L, Lei X, Yang Z, Kong Y, Xu P, Peng S, Wang J, Chen C, Dong Y, Hu X, Zhang X, Forouzanfar T, Wu G, Fu X. Histatin 1 enhanced the speed and quality of wound healing through regulating the behaviour of fibroblast. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13087. [PMID: 34255393 PMCID: PMC8349656 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Histatin 1(Hst 1) has been proved to promote wound healing. However, there was no specific study on the regulation made by Hst 1 of fibroblasts in the process of wound healing. This research comprehensively studied the regulation of Hst 1 on the function of fibroblasts in the process of wound healing and preliminary mechanism about it. Materials and methods The full‐thickness skin wound model was made on the back of C57/BL6 mice. The wound healing, collagen deposition and fibroblast distribution were detected on days 3, 5 and 7 after injury. Fibroblast was cultured in vitro and stimulated with Hst 1, and then, their biological characteristics and functions were detected. Results Histatin 1 can effectively promote wound healing, improve collagen deposition during and after healing and increase the number and function of fibroblasts. After healing, the mechanical properties of the skin also improved. In vitro, the migration ability of fibroblasts stimulated by Hst 1 was significantly improved, and the fibroblasts transformed more into myofibroblasts, which improved the function of contraction and collagen secretion. In fibroblasts, mTOR signalling pathway can be activated by Hst 1. Conclusions Histatin 1 can accelerate wound healing and improve the mechanical properties of healed skin by promoting the function of fibroblasts. The intermolecular mechanisms need to be further studied, and this study provides a direction about mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhanghang Cheng
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Lei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije University Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengjun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanan Kong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiya Peng
- Department of Dermatology and Rheumatology Immunology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunqing Dong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing, China
| | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije University Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije University Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Son KN, Lee H, Shah D, Kalmodia S, Miller RC, Ali M, Balasubramaniam A, Cologna SM, Kong H, Shukla D, Aakalu VK. Histatin-1 is an endogenous ligand of the sigma-2 receptor. FEBS J 2021; 288:6815-6827. [PMID: 34233061 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Sigma-2 receptor (S2R) (a.k.a TMEM97) is an important endoplasmic reticular protein involved in cancer, cholesterol processing, cell migration, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Niemann-Pick Type C. While several S2R pharmacologic agents have been discovered, its recent (2017) cloning has limited biological investigation, and no endogenous ligands of the S2R are known. Histatins are a family of endogenous antimicrobial peptides that have numerous important effects in multiple biological systems, including antifungal, antibacterial, cancer pathogenesis, immunomodulation, and wound healing. Histatin-1 (Hst1) has important roles in epithelial wound healing and cell migration, and is the primary wound healing agent in saliva. Little is understood about the downstream machinery that underpins the effects of histatins, and no mammalian receptor is known to date. In this study, we show, using biophysical methods and functional assays, that Hst1 is an endogenous ligand for S2R and that S2R is a mammalian receptor for Hst1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-No Son
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biophysics Core at Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dhara Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sushma Kalmodia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Cree Miller
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Marwan Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar Aakalu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
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Blancas B, Lanzagorta MDL, Jiménez‐Garcia LF, Lara R, Molinari JL, Fernández AM. Study of the ultrastructure of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans incubated with salivary antimicrobial peptides. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:365-375. [PMID: 33951334 PMCID: PMC8204031 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enterococcus faecalis has been associated with root canal infections, while Streptococcus mutans has a central role in the etiology of dental caries. One of the main reasons of endodontic failure has been associated to the presence of E. faecalis and the formation of biofilms. S. mutans inhabits the oral cavity, specifically the dental plaque, which is a multispecies biofilm formed on the hard surfaces of the tooth. The biofilm formation is the main factor determining the pathogenicity of numerous bacteria. Natural antimicrobial peptides in the saliva protect against pathogenic bacteria and biofilms. The aim of this study was to assess the ultrastructural damage induced by salivary peptides in bacteria involved in biofilms has not been previously studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS Enterococcus faecalis and S. mutans incubated with cystatin C, chromogranin A, or histatin 5 were morphologically analyzed and counted. The ultrastructural damage was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS A decrease in bacterial numbers was observed after incubation with cystatin C, chromogranin A, or histatin 5, compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Ultrastructural damage in E. faecalis and S. mutans incubated with salivary peptides was found in the cell wall, plasma membrane with a decreased distance between the bilayers, a granular pattern in the cytoplasm, and pyknotic nucleoids. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that salivary peptides exert antibacterial activity and induce morphological damage on E. faecalis and S. mutans. Knowledge on the ultrastructural damage inflicted by salivary antimicrobial peptides on two important bacteria causing dental caries and root canal infections could aid the design of new therapeutic approaches to facilitate the elimination of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Blancas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de MedicinaCol. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Luis Felipe Jiménez‐Garcia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de CienciasUNAM, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Reyna Lara
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de CienciasUNAM, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - José Luis Molinari
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología EstructuralInstituto de Fisiología Celular, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Ana María Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de MedicinaCol. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
- Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Odontologia Dr. Yury Kuttler, Maestria en EndodonciaMexico CityMexico
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCSUniversidad Anáhuac México Campus NorteHuixquilucanMexico
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28
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Shi C, Yao Y, Wang L, Sun P, Feng J, Wu G. Human Salivary Histatin-1-Functionalized Gelatin Methacrylate Hydrogels Promote the Regeneration of Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in Temporomandibular Joints. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050484. [PMID: 34069458 PMCID: PMC8159088 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The avascular structure and lack of regenerative cells make the repair of osteochondral defects in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) highly challenging in the clinic. To provide a viable treatment option, we developed a methacrylated gelatin (Gel-MA) hydrogel functionalized with human salivary histatin-1 (Hst1). Gel-MA is highly biocompatible, biodegradable, and cost-effective. Hst1 is capable of activating a series of cell activities, such as adhesion, migration, differentiation, and angiogenesis. To evaluate the efficacy of Hst1/Gel-MA, critical-size osteochondral defects (3 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth) of TMJ in New Zealand white rabbits were surgically created and randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups: (1) control (no filling material); (2) Gel-MA hydrogel; (3) Hst1/Gel-MA hydrogel. Samples were retrieved 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-surgery and subjected to gross examination and a series of histomorphometric and immunological analyses. In comparison with the control and Gel-MA alone groups, Hst1/Gel-MA hydrogel was associated with significantly higher International Cartilage Repair Society score, modified O’Driscoll score, area percentages of newly formed bone, cartilage, collagen fiber, and glycosaminoglycan, and expression of collagen II and aggrecan. In conclusion, Hst1/Gel-MA hydrogels significantly enhance bone and cartilage regeneration, thus bearing promising application potential for repairing osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjing Shi
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jianying Feng
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Struyfs C, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K. Membrane-Interacting Antifungal Peptides. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649875. [PMID: 33912564 PMCID: PMC8074791 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of invasive fungal infections is increasing worldwide, resulting in more than 1.6 million deaths every year. Due to growing antifungal drug resistance and the limited number of currently used antimycotics, there is a clear need for novel antifungal strategies. In this context, great potential is attributed to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are part of the innate immune system of organisms. These peptides are known for their broad-spectrum activity that can be directed toward bacteria, fungi, viruses, and/or even cancer cells. Some AMPs act via rapid physical disruption of microbial cell membranes at high concentrations causing cell leakage and cell death. However, more complex mechanisms are also observed, such as interaction with specific lipids, production of reactive oxygen species, programmed cell death, and autophagy. This review summarizes the structure and mode of action of antifungal AMPs, thereby focusing on their interaction with fungal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Struyfs
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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30
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Ligtenberg AJM, Bikker FJ, Bolscher JGM. LFchimera: a synthetic mimic of the two antimicrobial domains of bovine lactoferrin. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:128-137. [PMID: 33560169 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is essential for the maintenance of oral health. When salivary flow is impaired, the risk of various oral diseases such as caries and candidiasis increases drastically. Under healthy conditions, saliva provides effective protection against microbial colonization by the collaborative action of numerous host-defense molecules. This review describes how saliva has been the guideline for the design and characterization of a heterodimeric antimicrobial construct called LFchimera. This construct mimics the helical parts of two antimicrobial domains in the crystal structure of bovine lactoferrin. It shows high antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and parasites including biowarfare agents such as Bacillus anthracis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, and Yersinia pestis. Further, sublethal concentrations of LFchimera inhibited biofilm formation, the invasiveness of HeLa cells by Yersinia spp., and prevented haemolysis of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, demonstrating the versatility of these peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J M Ligtenberg
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J G M Bolscher
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081LA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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31
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Torres P, Hernández N, Mateluna C, Silva P, Reyes M, Solano L, Venegas S, Criollo A, Nazmi K, Bikker FJ, Bolscher JGM, Garrido M, Cáceres M, Torres VA. Histatin-1 is a novel osteogenic factor that promotes bone cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 15:336-346. [PMID: 33480156 DOI: 10.1002/term.3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histatin-1 is a salivary antimicrobial peptide involved in the maintenance of enamel and oral mucosal homeostasis. Moreover, Histatin-1 has been shown to promote re-epithelialization in soft tissues, by stimulating cell adhesion and migration in oral and dermal keratinocytes, gingival and skin fibroblasts, endothelial cells and corneal epithelial cells. The broad-spectrum activity of Histatin-1 suggests that it behaves as a universal wound healing promoter, although this is far from being clear yet. Here, we report that Histatin-1 is a novel osteogenic factor that promotes bone cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Specifically, Histatin-1 promoted cell adhesion, spreading, and migration of SAOS-2 cells and MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts in vitro, when placed on a fibronectin matrix. Besides, Histatin-1 induced the expression of osteogenic genes, including osteocalcin, osteopontin, and Runx2, and increased both activity and protein levels of alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, Histatin-1 promoted mineralization in vitro, as it augmented the formation of calcium deposits in both SAOS-2 and MC3T3-E1 cells. Mechanistically, although Histatin-1 failed to activate ERK1/2, FAK, and Akt, which are signaling proteins associated with osteogenic differentiation or cell migration, it triggered nuclear relocalization of β-catenin. Strikingly, the effects of Histatin-1 were recapitulated in cells that are nonosteogenically committed, since it promoted surface adhesion, migration, and the acquisition of osteogenic markers in primary mesenchymal cells derived from the apical papilla and dental pulp. Collectively, these observations indicate that Histatin-1 is a novel osteogenic factor that promotes bone cell differentiation, surface adhesion and migration, as crucial events required for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nadia Hernández
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Mateluna
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Silva
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Montserrat Reyes
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Solano
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Venegas
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, VU University & University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, VU University & University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G M Bolscher
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, VU University & University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mauricio Garrido
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Cáceres
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, and Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Albertsson J, Lauridsen E, Andreasen JO, Gerds TA, Andersson L. The risks of ankylosis of 89 avulsed human teeth stored in saliva prior to replantation-A re-evaluation of a long-term clinical study. Dent Traumatol 2021; 37:537-545. [PMID: 33527633 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The survival of an avulsed tooth highly depends on the emergency management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of ankylosis for avulsed human teeth stored in saliva preceded by various dry storage conditions prior to replantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data include 74 patients (54 male and 20 female) with 89 avulsed and replanted teeth (16 immature teeth, 73 mature teeth). Patient ages ranged from 6 to 36 years (median: 13.0 years). All teeth were stored in saliva before replantation. Treatment and follow-up were performed according to a standardized procedure. Follow-up periods ranged from 7 months to 20 years (mean 5.3 years). The risk of ankylosis over time was estimated by the Aalen-Johansen method in relation to the length of dry storage and the stage of root development. The effect of risk factors (root development and length of dry time) on the risk of ankylosis was analysed by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS For mature teeth, dry storage for 5 min or less before saliva storage resulted in a 47.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 32.8-60.7) ankylosis rate. When dry storage was >5 min and <20 min, the risk of ankylosis was 76.8% (95% CI: 45.7-91.5). When dry storage exceeded 20 min prior to saliva storage, ankylosis increased to 89.3% (95% CI: 68.0-96.7). Ankylosis also increased with increasing saliva storage time. Specifically, one additional minute of wet time increased the ankylosis hazard rate (HR) by approximately 1% (CI = [0%, 2%], p = .052). Teeth with mature root development were significantly more frequently affected by ankylosis than teeth with immature root development (HR: 2.4 (95% CI: 1.0-5.5), p = .04). CONCLUSION Temporary storage in saliva should be encouraged if an avulsed permanent tooth cannot be immediately replanted or a suitable storage medium such as milk or saline is not immediately available at the place of the accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Albertsson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Lauridsen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens O Andreasen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Gerds
- Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Andersson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Portelinha J, Duay SS, Yu SI, Heilemann K, Libardo MDJ, Juliano SA, Klassen JL, Angeles-Boza AM. Antimicrobial Peptides and Copper(II) Ions: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2648-2712. [PMID: 33524257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of new pathogens and multidrug resistant bacteria is an important public health issue that requires the development of novel classes of antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising platform with great potential for the identification of new lead compounds that can combat the aforementioned pathogens due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and relatively low rate of resistance emergence. AMPs of multicellular organisms made their debut four decades ago thanks to ingenious researchers who asked simple questions about the resistance to bacterial infections of insects. Questions such as "Do fruit flies ever get sick?", combined with pioneering studies, have led to an understanding of AMPs as universal weapons of the immune system. This review focuses on a subclass of AMPs that feature a metal binding motif known as the amino terminal copper and nickel (ATCUN) motif. One of the metal-based strategies of hosts facing a pathogen, it includes wielding the inherent toxicity of copper and deliberately trafficking this metal ion into sites of infection. The sudden increase in the concentration of copper ions in the presence of ATCUN-containing AMPs (ATCUN-AMPs) likely results in a synergistic interaction. Herein, we examine common structural features in ATCUN-AMPs that exist across species, and we highlight unique features that deserve additional attention. We also present the current state of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms behind their antimicrobial activity and the methods available to study this promising class of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Portelinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Searle S Duay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Chemistry Department, Adamson University, 900 San Marcelino Street, Ermita, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Seung I Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Kara Heilemann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - M Daben J Libardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Samuel A Juliano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jonathan L Klassen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Alfredo M Angeles-Boza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Pan L, Zhang X, Gao Q. Effects and mechanisms of histatins as novel skin wound-healing agents. J Tissue Viability 2021; 30:190-195. [PMID: 33551241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex and important physiological process that maintains the integrity of skin after various injuries. Abnormal wound healing, especially of chronic wounds, impairs normal physical function. Therefore, the search for effective and safe healing agents is one of the main concerns. Histatins are histidine-rich low molecular weight peptides that are expressed in the saliva of both humans and higher primates. Histatins have two main biological effects, cell stimulation and bacteria killing, with the former playing an important role in wound healing by promoting epithelial cell and fibroblast migration and angiogenesis and enhancing the re-epithelialization of the wounded area. Because of these biological effects, histatins have been shown to be promising agents of improved wound healing. Histatins are categorized into many subtypes, of which histatin 1 and its hydrolysates are the most effective in promoting wound healing. This review addresses the bioactivity of histatins in wound healing, such as their stimulatory effects on epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and elucidates the possible mechanisms by which histatin subtypes induce their biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuanfen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Eshac Y, Redfern RL, Aakalu VK. The Role of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides in Modulating Innate Immunity of the Ocular Surface in Dry Eye Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020721. [PMID: 33450870 PMCID: PMC7828360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocular surface has the challenging responsibility of maintaining a clear moist refractive surface while protecting the eye from exogenous pathogens and the environment. Homeostasis of the ocular surface, including its innate immune components, is altered in ocular surface disease states. In this review, we focus on antimicrobial peptides and the role they play in the immune response of the ocular surface during healthy states and dry eye diseases. Antimicrobial peptides are of special interest to the study of the ocular surface because of their various roles that include microbial threat neutralization, wound healing, and immune modulation. This review explores current literature on antimicrobial peptides in ocular surface diseases and discusses their therapeutic potential in ocular surface diseases and dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssof Eshac
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt;
| | - Rachel L. Redfern
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
| | - Vinay Kumar Aakalu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-312-996-9120
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Sun W, Ma D, Bolscher JGM, Nazmi K, Veerman ECI, Bikker FJ, Sun P, Lin H, Wu G. Human Salivary Histatin-1 Promotes Osteogenic Cell Spreading on Both Bio-Inert Substrates and Titanium SLA Surfaces. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:584410. [PMID: 33195147 PMCID: PMC7649783 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.584410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting cell spreading is crucial to enhance bone healing and implant osteointegration. In this study, we investigated the stimulatory effect of human salivary histatin-1 (Hst-1) on the spreading of osteogenic cells in vitro as well as the potential signaling pathways involved. Osteogenic cells were seeded on bio-inert glass slides with or without the presence of Hst1 in dose-dependent or time-course assays. 1 scrambled and 6 truncated Hst1 variants were also evaluated. Cell spreading was analyzed using a well-established point-counting method. Fluorescent microscopy was adopted to examine the cellular uptake of fluorescently labeled Hst1 (F-Hst1) and also the cell spreading on sandblasted and acid etched titanium surfaces. Signaling inhibitors, such as U0126, SB203580, and pertussis toxin (PTx) were used to identify the potential role of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, p38 and G protein-coupled receptor pathways, respectively. After 60 min incubation, Hst1 significantly promoted the spreading of osteogenic cells with an optimal concentration of 10 μM, while truncated and scrambled Hst1 did not. F-Hst1 was taken up and localized in the vicinity of the nuclei. U0126 and SB2030580, but not PTx, inhibited the effect of Hst1. 10 μM Hst1 significantly promoted the spreading of osteogenic cells on both bio-inert substrates and titanium SLA surfaces, which involved ERK and p38 signaling. Human salivary histatin-1 might be a promising peptide to enhance bone healing and implant osteointegration in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan G M Bolscher
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Enno C I Veerman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ping Sun
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Lei X, Cheng L, Lin H, Pang M, Yao Z, Chen C, Forouzanfar T, Bikker FJ, Wu G, Cheng B. Human Salivary Histatin-1 Is More Efficacious in Promoting Acute Skin Wound Healing Than Acellular Dermal Matrix Paste. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:999. [PMID: 32974320 PMCID: PMC7466576 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid wound healing is beneficial for not only recovering esthetics but also reducing pain, complications and healthcare burdens. For such a purpose, continuous efforts have been taken to develop viable dressing material. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) paste has been used to repair burn wounds and is shown to promote angiogenesis as well as fibroblast attachment and migration. However, its efficacy still needs to be significantly improved to meet clinical demands for accelerating acute skin wound healing. To approach this problem, we studied the added value of a human salivary peptide - Histatin 1 (Hst1). Hst1 was chosen because of its potency to promote the adhesion, spreading, migration, metabolic activity and cell-cell junction of major skin cells and endothelial cells. In this study, we hypothesized that ADM paste and Hst1 showed a better effect on the healing of surgically created acute skin wounds in mice since ADM paste may act as a slow release system for Hst1. Our results showed that the healing efficacy of 10 μM topically administrated Hst1 was significantly higher compared to the control (no Hst1, no ADM) from day 3 to day 10 post-surgery. In contrast, ADM alone failed in our system at all time points. Also, the combination of ADM paste and Hst1 did not show a better effect on percentage of wound healing. Histological analysis showed that 10 μM Hst1 was associated with maximal thickness of newly formed epidermal layer on day 7 as well as the largest collagen area on day 14. In addition, immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of CD31-positive blood vessels in the group of 10 μM Hst1 was 2.3 times compared to the control. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the groups of 10 μM Hst1 group and ADM + 10 μM Hst1 group was significantly higher compared with the control group. Furthermore, 10 μM Hst1 group was associated with significantly lower levels of CD68-positive macrophage number, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression and C-reactive protein (CRP) expression than those of the other groups (control, ADM alone and ADM + 10 μM Hst1). In contrast, ADM was only associated with significantly lower CD68-positive macrophage number and IL-1β expression in comparison with the control. The co-administration of Hst1 and ADM paste did not yield more beneficial effects than Hst1 alone. In conclusion, the topically administrated of 10 μM Hst1 could be a promising alternative dressing in managing acute wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Lei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuhanghang Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengru Pang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexin Yao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China
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38
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Sun P, Shi A, Shen C, Liu Y, Wu G, Feng J. Human salivary histatin-1 (Hst1) promotes bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced osteogenesis and angiogenesis. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1503-1515. [PMID: 32484586 PMCID: PMC7396425 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Large‐volume bone defects can result from congenital malformation, trauma, infection, inflammation and cancer. At present, it remains challenging to treat these bone defects with clinically available interventions. Allografts, xenografts and most synthetic materials have no intrinsic osteoinductivity, and so an alternative approach is to functionalize the biomaterial with osteoinductive agents, such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). Because it has been previously demonstrated that human salivary histatin‐1 (Hst1) promotes endothelial cell adhesion, migration and angiogenesis, we examine here whether Hst1 can promote BMP2‐induced bone regeneration. Rats were given subcutaneous implants of absorbable collagen sponge membranes seeded with 0, 50, 200 or 500 μg Hst1 per sample and 0 or 2 μg BMP2 per sample. At 18 days postsurgery, rats were sacrificed, and implanted regional tissue was removed for micro computed tomography (microCT) analyses of new bone (bone volume, trabecular number and trabecular separation). Four samples per group were decalcified and subjected to immunohistochemical staining to analyze osteogenic and angiogenic markers. We observed that Hst1 increased BMP2‐induced new bone formation in a dose‐dependent manner. Co‐administration of 500 μg Hst1 and BMP2 resulted in the highest observed bone volume and trabecular number, the lowest trabecular separation and the highest expression of osteogenic markers and angiogenic markers. Our results suggest that coadministration of Hst1 may enhance BMP2‐induced osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and thus may have potential for development into a treatment for large‐volume bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andi Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Sciences (AMS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Shen
- Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Sciences (AMS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jianying Feng
- School of Dentistry, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Anti-bacterial activity of inorganic nanomaterials and their antimicrobial peptide conjugates against resistant and non-resistant pathogens. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119531. [PMID: 32540348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review details the antimicrobial applications of inorganic nanomaterials of mostly metallic form, and the augmentation of activity by surface conjugation of peptide ligands. The review is subdivided into three main sections, of which the first describes the antimicrobial activity of inorganic nanomaterials against gram-positive, gram-negative and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. The second section highlights the range of antimicrobial peptides and the drug resistance strategies employed by bacterial species to counter lethality. The final part discusses the role of antimicrobial peptide-decorated inorganic nanomaterials in the fight against bacterial strains that show resistance. General strategies for the preparation of antimicrobial peptides and their conjugation to nanomaterials are discussed, emphasizing the use of elemental and metallic oxide nanomaterials. Importantly, the permeation of antimicrobial peptides through the bacterial membrane is shown to aid the delivery of nanomaterials into bacterial cells. By judicious use of targeting ligands, the nanomaterial becomes able to differentiate between bacterial and mammalian cells and, thus, reduce side effects. Moreover, peptide conjugation to the surface of a nanomaterial will alter surface chemistry in ways that lead to reduction in toxicity and improvements in biocompatibility.
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40
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A Systematic Review of Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in the Management of Chemical Injuries of the Ocular Surface. Eye Contact Lens 2020; 46:329-340. [PMID: 32452924 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate recent in vivo studies on emerging therapies for managing corneal epithelial injuries. METHODS The search was conducted on PubMed for articles published between January 2015 and September 2019 and in English language. RESULTS Thirty studies were identified for evaluation, including those on mesenchymal stem cells, amniotic membrane-derived therapies, endogenous peptides and their inhibitors, as well as hydrogel therapies. Intermediate to strong levels of evidence are presented regarding the use of these strategies on chemically injured cornea, including their effects on healing of corneal epithelial defect, anti-inflammatory properties, prevention of corneal neovascularization, as well as restoration of anatomy and functions of the anterior eye, although clinical trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these strategies on humans. CONCLUSION Recent advances and understanding in various novel therapeutic methods for corneal epithelial chemical injuries should provide potential alternatives to current standard treatment regimens and help reduce risks of complications, hence improve patient outcomes.
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Shah D, Son KN, Kalmodia S, Lee BS, Ali M, Balasubramaniam A, Shukla D, Aakalu VK. Wound Healing Properties of Histatin-5 and Identification of a Functional Domain Required for Histatin-5-Induced Cell Migration. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:709-716. [PMID: 32346548 PMCID: PMC7178547 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Histatin peptides are endogenous anti-microbial peptides that were originally discovered in the saliva. Aside from their broad anti-microbial properties, these peptides play an important role in multiple biological systems. Different members of this family are thought to have relative specializations, with histatin-5 originally being thought to have mostly anti-fungal properties, and histatin-1 having strong wound healing properties. In this report, we describe the robust wound healing properties of histatin-5 and elucidate a functional domain, which is necessary and sufficient for promoting wound healing. We demonstrate these findings in multiple different cell types in vitro and with a standardized murine corneal wound healing model. Discovery of this wound healing domain and description of this functional role of histatin-5 will support developing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyung-No Son
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sushma Kalmodia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bao-Shiang Lee
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marwan Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar Aakalu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Salivary Histatin 1 and 2 Are Targeted to Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum in Human Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040795. [PMID: 32225006 PMCID: PMC7226139 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human salivary histatin 1 (Hst1) and Hst2 exhibit a series of cell-activating properties (e.g., promoting adhesion, spreading, migration and metabolic activity of mammalian cells). In contrast, Hst5 shows an anti-fungal property but no cell-activating properties. Previous findings suggest that their uptake and association with subcellular targets may play a determinant role in their functions. In this study, we studied the uptake dynamics and subcellular targets of Hst1, Hst2 and Hst5 in epithelial cells (HO1N1 human buccal carcinoma epithelial cell line). Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that fluorescently labeled Hst1 (F-Hst1) was taken up into the intracellular space of epithelial cells. Then, 60 min post-incubation, the total fluorescence of cell-associated F-Hst1, as measured using flow cytometry, was significantly higher compared to those of F-Hst2 and F-Hst5. In contrast, virtually no association occurred using the negative control—scrambled F-Hst1 (F-Hstscr). CLSM images revealed that F-Hst1, 2 and 5 co-localized with mitotrackerTM-labeled mitochondria. In addition, F-Hst1 and F-Hst2 but neither F-Hst5 nor F-Hst1scr co-localized with the ER-trackerTM-labeled endoplasmic reticulum. No co-localization of Hst1, 2 and 5 with lysosomes or the Golgi apparatus was observed. Furthermore, Hst1 and Hst2 but not Hst5 or Hst1scr significantly promoted the metabolic activity of both human epithelial cell lines, HaCaT human keratinocytes and primary human gingival fibroblasts.
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43
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A salivary metabolite signature that reflects gingival host-microbe interactions: instability predicts gingivitis susceptibility. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3008. [PMID: 32080300 PMCID: PMC7033112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several proteins and peptides in saliva were shown to stimulate gingival wound repair, but the role of salivary metabolites in this process remains unexplored. In vitro gingival re-epithelialization kinetics were determined using unstimulated saliva samples from healthy individuals collected during an experimental gingivitis study. Elastic net regression with stability selection identified a specific metabolite signature in a training dataset that was associated with the observed re-epithelialization kinetics and enabled its prediction for all saliva samples obtained in the clinical study. This signature encompassed ten metabolites, including plasmalogens, diacylglycerol and amino acid derivatives, which reflect enhanced host-microbe interactions. This association is in agreement with the positive correlation of the metabolite signature with the individual’s gingival bleeding index. Remarkably, intra-individual signature-variation over time was associated with elevated risk for gingivitis development. Unravelling how these metabolites stimulate wound repair could provide novel avenues towards therapeutic approaches in patients with impaired wound healing capacity.
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44
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Sun W, Shi A, Ma D, Bolscher JGM, Nazmi K, Veerman ECI, Bikker FJ, Lin H, Wu G. All-trans retinoic acid and human salivary histatin-1 promote the spreading and osteogenic activities of pre-osteoblasts in vitro. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:396-406. [PMID: 31957262 PMCID: PMC7050254 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell‐based bone tissue engineering techniques utilize both osteogenic cells and biomedical materials, and have emerged as a promising approach for large‐volume bone repair. The success of such techniques is highly dependent on cell adhesion, spreading, and osteogenic activities. In this study, we investigated the effect of co‐administration of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and human salivary peptide histatin‐1 (Hst1) on the spreading and osteogenic activities of pre‐osteoblasts on bio‐inert glass surfaces. Pre‐osteoblasts (MC3T3‐E1 cell line) were seeded onto bio‐inert glass slides in the presence and absence of ATRA and Hst1. Cell spreading was scored by measuring surface areas of cellular filopodia and lamellipodia using a point‐counting method. The distribution of fluorogenic Hst1 within osteogenic cells was also analyzed. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of retinoic acid receptors α, β, and γ, such as ER‐50891, LE‐135, and MM‐11253, were added to identify the involvement of these receptors. Cell metabolic activity, DNA content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed to monitor their effects on osteogenic activities. Short‐term (2 h) co‐administration of 10 μm ATRA and Hst1 to pre‐osteoblasts resulted in significantly higher spreading of pre‐osteoblasts compared to ATRA or Hst1 alone. ER‐50891 and LE‐135 both nullified these effects of ATRA. Co‐administration of ATRA and Hst1 was associated with significantly higher metabolic activity, DNA content, and ALP activity than either ATRA or Hst1 alone. In conclusion, co‐administration of Hst1 with ATRA additively stimulated the spreading and osteogenicity of pre‐osteoblasts on bio‐inert glass surfaces in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), The Netherlands
| | - Andi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), The Netherlands
| | - Jan G M Bolscher
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), The Netherlands
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), The Netherlands
| | - Enno C I Veerman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), The Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), The Netherlands
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), The Netherlands
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45
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Ikonomova SP, Moghaddam-Taaheri P, Wang Y, Doolin MT, Stroka KM, Hube B, Karlsson AJ. Effects of histatin 5 modifications on antifungal activity and kinetics of proteolysis. Protein Sci 2019; 29:480-493. [PMID: 31675138 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Histatin 5 (Hst-5) is an antimicrobial peptide with strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans, an opportunistic pathogen that is a common cause of oral thrush. The peptide is natively secreted by human salivary glands and shows promise as an alternative therapeutic against infections caused by C. albicans. However, Hst-5 can be cleaved and inactivated by a family of secreted aspartic proteases (Saps) produced by C. albicans. Single-residue substitutions can significantly affect the proteolytic resistance of Hst-5 to Saps and its antifungal activity; the K17R substitution increases resistance to proteolysis, while the K11R substitution enhances antifungal activity. In this work, we showed that the positive effects of these two single-residue modifications can be combined in a single peptide, K11R-K17R, with improved proteolytic resistance and antifungal activity. We also investigated the effect of additional single-residue substitutions, with a focus on the effect of addition or removal of negatively charged residues, and found Sap-dependent effects on degradation. Both single- and double-substitutions affected the kinetics of proteolytic degradation of the intact peptide and of the fragments formed during degradation. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering proteolytic stability and not just antimicrobial activity when designing peptides for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana P Ikonomova
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | | | - Yan Wang
- Proteomics Core, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Mary T Doolin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kimberly M Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Amy J Karlsson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Taissa Vila
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexandra M. Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Ahmed S. Sultan
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Mary Ann Jabra-Rizk
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
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47
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Komatsu T, Kobayashi K, Helmerhorst E, Oppenheim F, Chang-Il Lee M. Direct assessment of the antioxidant property of salivary histatin. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:217-222. [PMID: 31777423 PMCID: PMC6877405 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histatin, a salivary protein, affects oral homeostasis through preservation of tooth integrity and protection against caries and fungal infections. However, the effects of histatin in the generation of oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species and in the oral cavity remain unclear. In this study, the effects of histatin on direct reactive oxygen species scavenging activity were examined using electron spin resonance. We demonstrated, for the first time, that histatin exhibits antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton's reaction by metal chelation or binding. The direct antioxidant effects of histatin, along with its antimicrobial activity, may be important in the oral protection of salivary proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Komatsu
- Division of Dentistry for the Special Patient, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan.,Yokosuka-Shonan Disaster Oral Health Research Center & Oxidative Stress/ESR Laboratories, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kyo Kobayashi
- Yokosuka-Shonan Disaster Oral Health Research Center & Oxidative Stress/ESR Laboratories, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Eva Helmerhorst
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Albany street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Frank Oppenheim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Albany street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Masaichi Chang-Il Lee
- Yokosuka-Shonan Disaster Oral Health Research Center & Oxidative Stress/ESR Laboratories, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
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48
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Evaluation of the Antifungal and Wound-Healing Properties of a Novel Peptide-Based Bioadhesive Hydrogel Formulation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00888-19. [PMID: 31332066 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00888-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis (OC) caused by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans is the most common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised populations. The dramatic increase in resistance to common antifungal agents has emphasized the importance of identifying alternative therapeutic options. Antimicrobial peptides have emerged as promising drug candidates due to their antimicrobial properties; specifically, histatin-5 (Hst-5), a peptide naturally produced and secreted by human salivary glands, has demonstrated potent activity against C. albicans However, as we previously demonstrated vulnerability for Hst-5 to proteolysis by C. albicans proteolytic enzymes at specific amino acid residues, a new variant (K11R-K17R) was designed with amino acid substitutions at the identified cleavage sites. The new resistant peptide demonstrated no cytotoxicity to erythrocytes or human oral keratinocytes. To evaluate the potential of the new peptide for clinical application, we utilized our FDA-approved polymer-based bioadhesive hydrogel as a delivery system and developed a therapeutic formulation specifically designed for oral topical application. The new formulation was demonstrated to be effective against C. albicans strains resistant to the traditional antifungals, and the in vitro therapeutic efficacy was found to be comparable to that of the common topical antifungal agents in clinical use. Importantly, in addition to its antifungal properties, our findings also demonstrated that the new peptide variant induces cell proliferation and rapid cell migration of human oral keratinocytes, indicative of wound healing properties. The findings from this study support the progression of the novel formulation as a therapeutic agent against oral candidiasis, as well as a therapeutic modality for promoting wound healing.
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49
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Roblegg E, Coughran A, Sirjani D. Saliva: An all-rounder of our body. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:133-141. [PMID: 31220573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a multifaceted bodily fluid that is often taken for granted but is indispensable for oral health and overall well-being in humans. Although mainly comprised of water (99.5%), proteins, ions and enzymes turn saliva into a viscoelastic solution that performs a variety of vital tasks. This review article gives a brief overview of the salivary gland system, as well as the composition, output and functions of saliva. It also addresses the current applications of saliva for diagnostic purposes, the clinical relevance of saliva in oral diseases as well as current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Roblegg
- University of Graz, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Alanna Coughran
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 801 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Davud Sirjani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 801 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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50
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van Dijk IA, Veerman ECI, Reits EAJ, Bolscher JGM, Stap J. Salivary peptide histatin 1 mediated cell adhesion: a possible role in mesenchymal-epithelial transition and in pathologies. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1409-1419. [PMID: 30138105 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histatins are histidine-rich peptides present in the saliva of humans and higher primates and have been implicated in the protection of the oral cavity. Histatin 1 is one of the most abundant histatins and recent reports show that it has a stimulating effect on cellular adherence, thereby suggesting a role in maintaining the quality of the epithelial barrier and stimulating mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Here we summarize these findings and discuss them in the context of previous reports. The recent findings also provide new insights in the physiological functions of histatin 1, which are discussed here. Furthermore, we put forward a possible role of histatin 1 in various pathologies and its potential function in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene A van Dijk
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enno C I Veerman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, NL-1081 AL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A J Reits
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, NL-1081 AL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G M Bolscher
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, NL-1081 AL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stap
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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