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Altés G, Olomí A, Perramon-Güell A, Hernández S, Casanovas A, Pérez A, Díaz-Tocados JM, Valdivielso JM, Megino C, Navaridas R, Matias-Guiu X, Klein OD, Egea J, Dolcet X, Yeramian A, Encinas M. Multiple endocrine defects in adult-onset Sprouty1/2/4 triple knockout mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19479. [PMID: 39174793 PMCID: PMC11341818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Genes of the Sprouty family (Spry1-4) are feedback inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases, especially of Ret and the FGF receptors. As such, they play distinct and overlapping roles in embryo morphogenesis and are considered to be tumor suppressors in adult life. Genetic experiments in mice have defined in great detail the role of these genes during embryonic development, however their function in adult mice is less clearly established. Here we generate adult-onset, whole body Spry1/2/4 triple knockout mice. Tumor incidence in triple mutant mice is comparable to that of wild type littermates of up to one year of age, indicating that Sprouty loss per se is not sufficient to initiate tumorigenesis. On the other hand, triple knockout mice do not gain weight as they age, show less visceral fat, and have lower plasma glucose levels than wild type littermates, despite showing similar food intake and slightly reduced motor function. They also show alopecia, eyelid inflammation, and mild hyperthyroidism. Finally, triple knockout mice present phosphaturia and hypophosphatemia, suggesting exacerbated signaling downstream of FGF23. In conclusion, triple knockout mice develop a series of endocrine abnormalities but do not show increased tumor incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Altés
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signaling Group, Edifici Biomedicina I, Lab 2.8, Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Olomí
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signaling Group, Edifici Biomedicina I, Lab 2.8, Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Aida Perramon-Güell
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signaling Group, Edifici Biomedicina I, Lab 2.8, Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Sara Hernández
- Experimental Neuromuscular Pathology Group, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Casanovas
- Experimental Neuromuscular Pathology Group, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Aurora Pérez
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Díaz-Tocados
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - José Manuel Valdivielso
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Cristina Megino
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Raúl Navaridas
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Oncologic Pathology Group, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joaquim Egea
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signaling Group, Edifici Biomedicina I, Lab 2.8, Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavi Dolcet
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signaling Group, Edifici Biomedicina I, Lab 2.8, Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Andrée Yeramian
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signaling Group, Edifici Biomedicina I, Lab 2.8, Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mario Encinas
- Developmental and Oncogenic Signaling Group, Edifici Biomedicina I, Lab 2.8, Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida/Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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Li SY, Xue ST, Li ZR. Osteoporosis: Emerging targets on the classical signaling pathways of bone formation. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176574. [PMID: 38642670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a multifaceted skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and structural deterioration, posing a significant public health challenge, particularly in the elderly population. Treatment strategies for osteoporosis primarily focus on inhibiting bone resorption and promoting bone formation. However, the effectiveness and limitations of current therapeutic approaches underscore the need for innovative methods. This review explores emerging molecular targets within crucial signaling pathways, including wingless/integrated (WNT), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), hedgehog (HH), and Notch signaling pathway, to understand their roles in osteogenesis regulation. The identification of crosstalk targets between these pathways further enhances our comprehension of the intricate bone metabolism cycle. In summary, unraveling the molecular complexity of osteoporosis provides insights into potential therapeutic targets beyond conventional methods, offering a promising avenue for the development of new anabolic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Si-Tu Xue
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Zhuo-Rong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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3
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Fiévet L, Espagnolle N, Gerovska D, Bernard D, Syrykh C, Laurent C, Layrolle P, De Lima J, Justo A, Reina N, Casteilla L, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Naji A, Pagès JC, Deschaseaux F. Single-cell RNA sequencing of human non-hematopoietic bone marrow cells reveals a unique set of inter-species conserved biomarkers for native mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:229. [PMID: 37649081 PMCID: PMC10469496 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Native bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs) participate in generating and shaping the skeleton and BM throughout the lifespan. Moreover, BM-MSCs regulate hematopoiesis by contributing to the hematopoietic stem cell niche in providing critical cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix components. However, BM-MSCs contain a heterogeneous cell population that remains ill-defined. Although studies on the taxonomy of native BM-MSCs in mice have just started to emerge, the taxonomy of native human BM-MSCs remains unelucidated. METHODS By using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we aimed to define a proper taxonomy for native human BM non-hematopoietic subsets including endothelial cells (ECs) and mural cells (MCs) but with a focal point on MSCs. To this end, transcriptomic scRNA-seq data were generated from 5 distinct BM donors and were analyzed together with other transcriptomic data and with computational biology analyses at different levels to identify, characterize and classify distinct native cell subsets with relevant biomarkers. RESULTS We could ascribe novel specific biomarkers to ECs, MCs and MSCs. Unlike ECs and MCs, MSCs exhibited an adipogenic transcriptomic pattern while co-expressing genes related to hematopoiesis support and multilineage commitment potential. Furthermore, by a comparative analysis of scRNA-seq of BM cells from humans and mice, we identified core genes conserved in both species. Notably, we identified MARCKS, CXCL12, PDGFRA, and LEPR together with adipogenic factors as archetypal biomarkers of native MSCs within BM. In addition, our data suggest some complex gene nodes regulating critical biological functions of native BM-MSCs together with a preferential commitment toward an adipocyte lineage. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our taxonomy for native BM non-hematopoietic compartment provides an explicit depiction of gene expression in human ECs, MCs and MSCs at single-cell resolution. This analysis helps enhance our understanding of the phenotype and the complexity of biological functions of native human BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Fiévet
- RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, EFS Occitanie, INP-ENVT, Inserm U1301, UMR CNRS 5070, France, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CHU de Toulouse, IFB, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Espagnolle
- RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, EFS Occitanie, INP-ENVT, Inserm U1301, UMR CNRS 5070, France, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniela Gerovska
- Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - David Bernard
- RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, EFS Occitanie, INP-ENVT, Inserm U1301, UMR CNRS 5070, France, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Syrykh
- Department d'Anatomie Pathologique, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Laurent
- Department d'Anatomie Pathologique, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- Tonic Inserm/UPS UMR 1214, CHU Purpan Hospital, Toulouse, France
- UMR 1238 Inserm, Phy-OS, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Julien De Lima
- UMR 1238 Inserm, Phy-OS, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Arthur Justo
- Department de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Pierre Paul Riquet, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Reina
- Department de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Pierre Paul Riquet, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, EFS Occitanie, INP-ENVT, Inserm U1301, UMR CNRS 5070, France, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Abderrahim Naji
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Nankoku, Kochi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Jean-Christophe Pagès
- RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, EFS Occitanie, INP-ENVT, Inserm U1301, UMR CNRS 5070, France, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CHU de Toulouse, IFB, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Deschaseaux
- RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, EFS Occitanie, INP-ENVT, Inserm U1301, UMR CNRS 5070, France, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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Tooze RS, Calpena E, Twigg SRF, D'Arco F, Wakeling EL, Wilkie AOM. Craniosynostosis, inner ear, and renal anomalies in a child with complete loss of SPRY1 (sprouty homolog 1) function. J Med Genet 2023; 60:712-716. [PMID: 36543535 PMCID: PMC10359576 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SPRY1 encodes protein sprouty homolog 1 (Spry-1), a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. Null mutant mice display kidney/urinary tract abnormalities and altered size of the skull; complete loss-of-function of Spry-1 in humans has not been reported. METHODS Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from individuals with craniosynostosis enrolled in the 100,000 Genomes Project identified a likely pathogenic variant within SPRY1. Reverse-transcriptase PCR and western blot analysis were used to investigate the effect of the variant on SPRY1 mRNA and protein, in lymphoblastoid cell lines from the patient and both parents. RESULTS A nonsense variant in SPRY1, encoding p.(Leu27*), was confirmed to be heterozygous in the unaffected parents and homozygous in the child. The child's phenotype, which included sagittal craniosynostosis, subcutaneous cystic lesions overlying the lambdoid sutures, hearing loss associated with bilateral cochlear and vestibular dysplasia and a unilateral renal cyst, overlapped the features reported in Spry1-/- null mice. Functional studies supported escape from nonsense-mediated decay, but western blot analysis demonstrated complete absence of full-length protein in the affected child and a marked reduction in both parents. CONCLUSION This is the first report of complete loss of Spry-1 function in humans, associated with abnormalities of the cranial sutures, inner ear, and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Tooze
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eduardo Calpena
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen R F Twigg
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Felice D'Arco
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emma L Wakeling
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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Zhang L, Zhang S, Zhan F, Song M, Shang P, Zhu F, Li J, Yang F, Li X, Qiao R, Han X, Li X, Liu G, Wang K. Population Genetic Analysis of Six Chinese Indigenous Pig Meta-Populations Based on Geographically Isolated Regions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081396. [PMID: 37106959 PMCID: PMC10135051 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The diversification of indigenous pig breeds in China has resulted from multiple climate, topographic, and human cultural influences. The numerous indigenous pig breeds can be geographically divided into six meta-populations; however, their genetic relationships, contributions to genetic diversity, and genetic signatures remain unclear. Whole-genome SNP data for 613 indigenous pigs from the six Chinese meta-populations were obtained and analyzed. Population genetic analyses confirmed significant genetic differentiation and a moderate mixture among the Chinese indigenous pig meta-populations. The North China (NC) meta-population had the largest contribution to genetic and allelic diversity. Evidence from selective sweep signatures revealed that genes related to fat deposition and heat stress response (EPAS1, NFE2L2, VPS13A, SPRY1, PLA2G4A, and UBE3D) were potentially involved in adaptations to cold and heat. These findings from population genetic analyses provide a better understanding of indigenous pig characteristics in different environments and a theoretical basis for future work on the conservation and breeding of Chinese indigenous pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Songyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fengting Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mingkun Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Animal Science College, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Fangxian Zhu
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiang Li
- National Supercomputing Center in Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruimin Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xuelei Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gang Liu
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Villanueva-Carmona T, Cedó L, Madeira A, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Rodríguez-Peña MM, Núñez-Roa C, Maymó-Masip E, Repollés-de-Dalmau M, Badia J, Keiran N, Mirasierra M, Pimenta-Lopes C, Sabadell-Basallote J, Bosch R, Caubet L, Escolà-Gil JC, Fernández-Real JM, Vilarrasa N, Ventura F, Vallejo M, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S. SUCNR1 signaling in adipocytes controls energy metabolism by modulating circadian clock and leptin expression. Cell Metab 2023; 35:601-619.e10. [PMID: 36977414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue modulates energy homeostasis by secreting leptin, but little is known about the factors governing leptin production. We show that succinate, long perceived as a mediator of immune response and lipolysis, controls leptin expression via its receptor SUCNR1. Adipocyte-specific deletion of Sucnr1 influences metabolic health according to nutritional status. Adipocyte Sucnr1 deficiency impairs leptin response to feeding, whereas oral succinate mimics nutrient-related leptin dynamics via SUCNR1. SUCNR1 activation controls leptin expression via the circadian clock in an AMPK/JNK-C/EBPα-dependent manner. Although the anti-lipolytic role of SUCNR1 prevails in obesity, its function as a regulator of leptin signaling contributes to the metabolically favorable phenotype in adipocyte-specific Sucnr1 knockout mice under standard dietary conditions. Obesity-associated hyperleptinemia in humans is linked to SUCNR1 overexpression in adipocytes, which emerges as the major predictor of adipose tissue leptin expression. Our study establishes the succinate/SUCNR1 axis as a metabolite-sensing pathway mediating nutrient-related leptin dynamics to control whole-body homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Villanueva-Carmona
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona 43005, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Lídia Cedó
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona 43005, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ana Madeira
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona 43005, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona 43005, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus 43201, Spain
| | - M-Mar Rodríguez-Peña
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona 43005, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Catalina Núñez-Roa
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona 43005, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Elsa Maymó-Masip
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona 43005, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Maria Repollés-de-Dalmau
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona 43005, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus 43201, Spain
| | - Joan Badia
- Institut d'Oncologia de la Catalunya Sud, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Reus 43204, Spain
| | - Noelia Keiran
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona 43005, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mercedes Mirasierra
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Carolina Pimenta-Lopes
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Joan Sabadell-Basallote
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona 43005, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ramón Bosch
- Department of Pathology, Oncological Pathology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, Tortosa 43500, Spain
| | - Laura Caubet
- General and Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital Sant Pau i Santa Tecla, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona 43003, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Salt 17190, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona 17004, Spain
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge - IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC/UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona 43005, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus 43201, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Research Unit, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona 43005, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Li N, Chen Y, Wang H, Li J, Zhao RC. SPRY4 promotes adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells through the MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Adipocyte 2022; 11:588-600. [PMID: 36082406 PMCID: PMC9481072 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2123097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the body. Preventing and controlling obesity by inhibiting the adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and thereby avoiding the increase of white adipose tissue is safe and effective. Recent studies have demonstrated that Sprouty proteins (SPRYs) are involved in cell differentiation and related diseases. However, the role and mechanism of SPRY4 in MSC adipogenic differentiation remain to be explored. Here, we found that SPRY4 positively correlates with the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived MSCs (hAMSCs). Via gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we demonstrated that SPRY4 promotes hAMSC adipogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SPRY4 functioned by activating the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway. Our findings provide new insights into a critical role for SPRY4 as a regulator of adipogenic differentiation, which may illuminate the underlying mechanisms of obesity and suggest the potential of SPRY4 as a novel treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), P.R. China,College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), P.R. China,CONTACT Jing Li Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), P.R. China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Therapy (BZ0381), P.R. China,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P.R. China,Robert Chunhua Zhao Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences Shanghai University, P.R. ChinaShanghai
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8
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Kozlov AP. Mammalian tumor-like organs. 2. Mammalian adipose has many tumor features and obesity is a tumor-like process. Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:15. [PMID: 35395810 PMCID: PMC8994355 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous publications, the author developed the theory of carcino-evo-devo, which predicts that evolutionarily novel organs should recapitulate some features of tumors in their development. MAIN TEXT Mammalian adipose is currently recognized as a multi-depot metabolic and endocrine organ consisting of several adipose tissues. Although lipid-storing cells and proteins are ancient, the adipose organ as a whole is evolutionarily novel to mammals. The adipose expansion has remarkable similarities with the growth of solid tumors. These similarities are the following: (1) The capability to unlimited expansion; (2) Reversible plasticity; (3) Induction of angiogenesis; (4) Chronic inflammation; (5) Remodeling and disfunction; (6) Systemic influence on the organism; (7) Hormone production; (8) Production of miRNAs that influence other tissues; (9) Immunosuppression; (10) DNA damage and resistance to apoptosis; (11) Destructive infiltration in other organs and tissues. These similarities include the majority of "hallmarks of cancer". In addition, lipomas are the most frequent soft tissue tumors, and similar drugs may be used for the treatment of obesity and cancer by preventing infiltration. This raises the possibility that obesity, at least in part, may represent an oncological problem. The existing similarities between adipose and tumors suggest the possible evolutionary origin of mammalian adipose from some ancestral benign mesenchymal hereditary tumors. Indeed, using a transgenic inducible zebrafish tumor model, we described many genes, which originated in fish and were expressed in fish tumors. Their human orthologs LEP, NOTCH1, SPRY1, PPARG, ID2, and CIDEA acquired functions connected with the adipose organ. They are also involved in tumor development in humans. CONCLUSION If the hypothesis of the evolutionary origin of the adipose organ from the ancestral hereditary tumor is correct, it may open new opportunities to resolve the oncological problem and the problem of the obesity epidemic. New interventions targeting LEP, NOTCH1, SPRY1, PPARG, ID2, and CIDEA gene network, in addition to what already is going on, can be designed for treatment and prevention of both obesity and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Kozlov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Gubkina Street, Moscow, Russia, 117971.
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29, Polytekhnicheskaya Street, St. Petersburg, Russia, 195251.
- The Biomedical Center, 8, Viborgskaya Street, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194044.
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9
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Geffroy B, Besson M, Sánchez-Baizán N, Clota F, Goikoetxea A, Sadoul B, Ruelle F, Blanc MO, Parrinello H, Hermet S, Blondeau-Bidet E, Pratlong M, Piferrer F, Vandeputte M, Allal F. Unraveling the genotype by environment interaction in a thermosensitive fish with a polygenic sex determination system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2112660118. [PMID: 34880131 PMCID: PMC8685686 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112660118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In most animals, sex determination occurs at conception, when sex chromosomes are segregated following Mendelian laws. However, in multiple reptiles and fishes, this genetic sex can be overridden by external factors after fertilization or birth. In some species, the genetic sex may also be governed by multiple genes, further limiting our understanding of sex determination in such species. We used the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) as a model and combined genomic (using a single nucleotide polymorphism chip) and transcriptomic (RNA-Sequencing) approaches to thoroughly depict this polygenic sex determination system and its interaction with temperature. We estimated genetic sex tendency (eGST), defined as the estimated genetic liability to become a given sex under a liability threshold model for sex determination, which accurately predicts the future phenotypic sex. We found evidence that energetic pathways, concerning the regulation of lipids and glucose, are involved in sex determination and could explain why females tend to exhibit higher energy levels and improved growth compared to males. Besides, early exposure to high-temperature up-regulated sox3, followed by sox9a in individuals with intermediate eGST, but not in individuals showing highly female-biased eGST, providing the most parsimonious explanation for temperature-induced masculinization. This gonadal state was maintained likely by DNA methylation and the up-regulation of several genes involved in histone modifications, including jmjd1c Overall, we describe a sex determination system resulting from continuous genetic and environmental influences in an animal. Our results provide significant progress in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying temperature-induced masculinization in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Geffroy
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France;
| | - Mathieu Besson
- SYSAAF, Station LPGP/INRAE, 35042 Rennes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Núria Sánchez-Baizán
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Clota
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Bastien Sadoul
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Institut Agro, INRAE, Rennes, France
| | - François Ruelle
- Laboratoire Service d'Expérimentations Aquacoles, Ifremer, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Marie-Odile Blanc
- Laboratoire Service d'Expérimentations Aquacoles, Ifremer, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Hugues Parrinello
- MGX, BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Hermet
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Eva Blondeau-Bidet
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Pratlong
- MGX, BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Francesc Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Vandeputte
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - François Allal
- MARBEC Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
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10
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Abstract
Expansion of visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) occurs in response to nutrient excess, and is a risk factor for metabolic disease. SPRY1, a feedback inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, is expressed in PDGFRa+ adipocyte progenitor cells (APC) in vivo. Global deficiency of Spry1 in mice results in disproportionate postnatal growth of gonadal WAT (gWAT), while iWAT and BAT were similar in size between Spry1KO and WT mice. Spry1 deficiency increased the number of PDGFRa+ stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells in gWAT and showed increased proliferation and fibrosis. Spry1KO gWAT had increased collagen deposition and elevated expression of markers of inflammation. In vitro, SPRY1 was transiently down regulated during early adipocyte differentiation of SVF cells, with levels increasing at later stages of differentiation. SPRY1 deficiency enhances PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB induced proliferation of SVF cells. Increased proliferation of SVF from Spry1KO gWAT accompanies an increase in AKT activation. PDGF-AA stimulated a transient down regulation of SPRY1 in wild type SVF, whereas PDGF-BB stimulated a sustained down regulation of SPRY1 in wild type SVF. Collectively, our data suggest that SPRY1 is critical for regulating postnatal growth of gWAT by restraining APC proliferation and differentiation in part by regulation of PDGFRa/b-AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Shivangi Pande
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Robert A. Koza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Robert Friesel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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11
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Khalid M, Hodjat M, Abdollahi M. Environmental Exposure to Heavy Metals Contributes to Diseases Via Deregulated Wnt Signaling Pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:370-382. [PMID: 34567167 PMCID: PMC8457726 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.114897.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a critical role during embryogenesis and is responsible for regulating the homeostasis of the adult stem cells and cells fate via a multitude of signaling pathways and associated transcription factors, receptors, effectors, and inhibitors. For this review, published articles were searched from PubMed Central, Embase, Medline, and Google Scholar. The search terms were Wnt, canonical, noncanonical, signaling pathway, β-catenin, environment, and heavy metals. Published articles on Wnt signaling pathways and heavy metals as contributing factors for causing diseases via influencing Wnt signaling pathways were included. Wnt canonical or noncanonical signaling pathways are the key regulators of stem cell homeostasis that control many mechanisms. There is an adequate balance between β-catenin dependent and independent Wnt signaling pathways and remain highly conserved throughout different development stages. Environmental heavy metal exposure may cause either inhibition or overexpression of any component of Wnt signaling pathways such as Wnt protein, transcription factors, receptors, ligands, or transducers to impede normal cellular function via negatively affecting Wnt signaling pathways. Environmental exposure to heavy metals potentially contributes to diseases via deregulated Wnt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khalid
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Dube P, DeRiso A, Patel M, Battepati D, Khatib-Shahidi B, Sharma H, Gupta R, Malhotra D, Dworkin L, Haller S, Kennedy D. Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: Diversity in the Vessel Wall. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040404. [PMID: 33917965 PMCID: PMC8068383 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is one of the major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). VC is a complex process expressing similarity to bone metabolism in onset and progression. VC in CKD is promoted by various factors not limited to hyperphosphatemia, Ca/Pi imbalance, uremic toxins, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation of multiple signaling pathways in different cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), macrophages, and endothelial cells. In the current review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the various kinds of VC, the clinical significance and available therapies, significant contributions from multiple cell types, and the associated cellular and molecular mechanisms for the VC process in the setting of CKD. Thus, we seek to highlight the key factors and cell types driving the pathology of VC in CKD in order to assist in the identification of preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for patients burdened with this disease.
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13
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Mandl M, Wagner SA, Hatzmann FM, Ejaz A, Ritthammer H, Baumgarten S, Viertler HP, Springer J, Zwierzina ME, Mattesich M, Brucker C, Waldegger P, Pierer G, Zwerschke W. Sprouty1 Prevents Cellular Senescence Maintaining Proliferation and Differentiation Capacity of Human Adipose Stem/Progenitor Cells. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:2308-2319. [PMID: 32304210 PMCID: PMC7662188 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Ras-Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in cellular aging is not precisely understood. Recently, we identified Sprouty1 (SPRY1) as a weight-loss target gene in human adipose stem/progenitor cells (ASCs) and showed that Sprouty1 is important for proper regulation of adipogenesis. In the present study, we show that loss-of-function of Sprouty1 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in human ASCs leads to hyper-activation of MAPK signaling and a senescence phenotype. Sprouty1 knockout ASCs undergo an irreversible cell cycle arrest, become enlarged and stain positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase. Sprouty1 down-regulation leads to DNA double strand breaks, a considerably increased number of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci and induction of p53 and p21Cip1. In addition, we detect an increase of hypo-phosphorylated Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in SPRY1 knockout ASCs. p16Ink4A is not induced. Moreover, we show that Sprouty1 knockout leads to induction of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype as indicated by the activation of the transcription factors NFκB and C/EBPβ and a significant increase in mRNA expression and secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and CXCL1/GROα. Finally, we demonstrate that adipogenesis is abrogated in senescent SPRY1 knockout ASCs. In conclusion, this study reveals a novel mechanism showing the importance of Sprouty1 for the prevention of senescence and the maintenance of the proliferation and differentiation capacity of human ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mandl
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonja A Wagner
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian M Hatzmann
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Asim Ejaz
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heike Ritthammer
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Saphira Baumgarten
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans P Viertler
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jochen Springer
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marit E Zwierzina
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Mattesich
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - Camille Brucker
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Waldegger
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Pierer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Austria
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14
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Taner T, Abrol N, Park WD, Hansen MJ, Gustafson MP, Lerman LO, van Wijnen AJ, Dietz AB, Gores GJ, Stegall MD. Phenotypic, Transcriptional, and Functional Analysis of Liver Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Immunomodulatory Properties. Liver Transpl 2020; 26:549-563. [PMID: 31950576 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The liver is an immunologically active organ with a tolerogenic microenvironment at a quiescent state. The immunoregulatory properties of the liver appear to be retained after transplantation because liver allografts can reduce alloresponses against other organs that are simultaneously transplanted. Mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unknown. Given the known immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), we hypothesized that liver mesenchymal stromal cells (L-MSCs) are superior immunomodulators and contribute to liver-mediated tolerance. L-MSCs, generated from human liver allograft biopsies, were compared with adipose mesenchymal stromal cells (A-MSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). Trilineage differentiation of L-MSCs was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Comparative phenotypic analyses were done by flow cytometry and transcriptome analyses by RNA sequencing in unaltered cell cultures. The in vitro functional analyses were performed using alloreactive T cell proliferation assays. The transcriptome analysis showed that the L-MSCs are different than the A-MSCs and BM-MSCs, with significant enrichment of genes and gene sets associated with immunoregulation. Compared with the others, L-MSCs were found to express higher cell surface levels of several select immunomodulatory molecules. L-MSCs (versus A-MSCs/BM-MSCs) inhibited alloreactive T cell proliferation (22.7% versus 56.4%/58.7%, respectively; P < 0.05) and reduced the frequency of interferon ɤ-producing T cells better than other MSCs (52.8% versus 94.4%/155.4%; P < 0.05). The antiproliferative impact of L-MSCs was not dependent on cell-to-cell contact, could be reversed incompletely by blocking programmed death ligand 1, and required a higher concentration of the competitive inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase for complete reversal. In conclusion, L-MSCs appear to be uniquely well-equipped immunomodulatory cells, and they are more potent than A-MSCs and BM-MSCs in that capacity, which suggests that they may contribute to liver-induced systemic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timucin Taner
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nitin Abrol
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Walter D Park
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Michael P Gustafson
- Immune Progenitor and Cell Therapy (IMPACT), Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Allan B Dietz
- Immune Progenitor and Cell Therapy (IMPACT), Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mark D Stegall
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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15
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Tian L, Xiao H, Li M, Wu X, Xie Y, Zhou J, Zhang X, Wang B. A novel Sprouty4-ERK1/2-Wnt/β-catenin regulatory loop in marrow stromal progenitor cells controls osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Metabolism 2020; 105:154189. [PMID: 32105664 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sprouty (SPRY) proteins play critical roles in controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival by inhibiting receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Recent studies have demonstrated that SPRY4 negatively regulates angiogenesis and tumor growth. However, whether SPRY4 regulates osteogenic and/or adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells remains to be explored. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of Spry4 and found that its expression was regulated during the differentiation of mouse marrow stromal progenitor cells and increased in the metaphysis of ovariectomized mice. In vitro loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies demonstrated that SPRY4 inhibited osteogenic differentiation and stimulated adipogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. In vivo experiments showed that silencing of Spry4 in the marrow of C57BL/6 mice blocked fat accumulation and promoted osteoblast differentiation in ovariectomized mice. Mechanistic investigations revealed the inhibitory effect of SPRY4 on canonical wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) signaling and ERK pathway. ERK1/2 was shown to interact with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) and activate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Inactivation of Wnt signaling attenuated the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation and stimulation of osteogenic differentiation by Spry4 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Finally, promoter study revealed that β-catenin transcriptionally inhibited the expression of Spry4. CONCLUSIONS Our study for the first time suggests that a novel SPRY4-ERK1/2-Wnt/β-catenin regulatory loop exists in marrow stromal progenitor cells and plays a key role in cell fate determination. It also highlights the potential of SPRY4 as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic bone disorders such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Tian
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yan Xie
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Baoli Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China.
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16
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Rutkovskiy A, Lund M, Siamansour TS, Reine TM, Kolset SO, Sand KL, Ignatieva E, Gordeev ML, Stensløkken KO, Valen G, Vaage J, Malashicheva A. Mechanical stress alters the expression of calcification-related genes in vascular interstitial and endothelial cells. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2020; 28:803-811. [PMID: 30602018 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivy339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular wall calcification is a major pathophysiological component of atherosclerotic disease with many similarities to osteogenesis. Mechanical stress of the vascular wall may theoretically contribute to the proliferative processes by endothelial and interstitial cells. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of mechanical stress on the expression of some calcification-related genes in primary human endothelial and interstitial cells, and how endothelial cells may stimulate the fibroblast and smooth muscle cells. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial and interstitial cells were subjected to cyclic stretch using a FlexCell® bioreactor, and interstitial cells were also subjected to tensile strain in cultures embedded in 3-dimensional collagen gels. The medium from endothelial cells was used to stimulate the gel-cultured interstitial cells, or the endothelium was sown directly on top. For comparison, human endothelial and smooth muscle cells were isolated from aortic wall fragments of patients with and without the aortic aneurysm. The expression of genes was measured using quantitative PCR. RESULTS Four hours of cyclic stretch applied to cultured endothelial cells upregulated the mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), a major procalcific growth factor. When applied to a 3-dimensional culture of vascular interstitial cells, the medium from prestretched endothelial cells decreased the expression of BMP-2 and periostin mRNA in the fibroblasts. The static tension in gel-cultured interstitial cells upregulated BMP-2 mRNA expression. The addition of endothelial cells on the top of this culture also reduced mRNA of anticalcific genes, periostin and osteopontin. Similar changes were observed in smooth muscle cells from human aortic aneurysms compared to cells from the healthy aorta. Aortic aneurysm endothelial cells also showed an increased expression of BMP-2 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial cells respond to mechanical stress by upregulation of pro-osteogenic factor BMP-2 mRNA and modulate the expression of other osteogenic factors in vascular interstitial cells. Endothelial cells may, thus, contribute to vascular calcification when exposed to mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Rutkovskiy
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Maria Lund
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tanja Saman Siamansour
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Marita Reine
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Olav Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Larsen Sand
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena Ignatieva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail L Gordeev
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kåre-Olav Stensløkken
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Valen
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Vaage
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Malashicheva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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17
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Park S, Arai Y, Kim BJ, Bello A, Ashraf S, Park H, Park KS, Lee SH. Suppression of SPRY4 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Formation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1646-1657. [PMID: 30982407 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The directed differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) into different cell types has shown great therapeutic potential in treating various diseases. To maximize the therapeutic potentials, researchers have tried manipulating master transcriptional genes that promote efficient differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) such as the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Sprouty (SPRY) is a family of proteins that are known to inhibit the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Although the role of some SPRY isoforms in MSC differentiation is known, the function of SPRY4 isoform has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the role of SPRY4 in the multilineage differentiation of hASCs has been elucidated. To investigate the role of SPRY4 in hASC differentiation and tissue regeneration, we performed a transient knockdown of SPRY expression via a small interfering RNA (siSPRY4). Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction results revealed that the treatment of siSPRY4 before induction of differentiation had no significant effect on adipogenic, but reduced chondrogenic, differentiation of hASCs. Interestingly, SPRY4 transient knockdown had a significant effect on the osteogenic differentiation as indicated by the increased messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP; 2.3-fold) and osteopontin (OPN; 3.5-fold) and increased calcium deposition measured via Alizarin red staining (3.3-fold). Moreover, in vivo tissue regeneration of siSPRY4-treated hASCs in ectopic bone formation and calvarial defect mouse models showed higher bone volume (5.24-fold) and trabecular number (4.59-fold) assessed via histological and microcomputed tomography analyses. We also determined that the enhanced osteogenic differentiation in SPRY4-treated hASCs was due to the induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Taken together, our results suggest that the regulation of SPRY4 through MAPK signaling is a potentially critical aspect on the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs and for bone tissue regeneration, and thus, may be utilized as a potent technique in the development of effective bone therapeutics. Impact Statement This study tried to expand our current understanding of the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The transient downregulation of the SPRY4 expression via small interfering RNA (siRNA) showed significant enhancement of the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells via the induction of ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. This suggests the possible mechanism to maximize the potential of stem cell as therapeutics and has a great potential in treating various bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshie Arai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ju Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Alvin Bello
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajjad Ashraf
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
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18
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Sprouty1 is a weight-loss target gene in human adipose stem/progenitor cells that is mandatory for the initiation of adipogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:411. [PMID: 31138786 PMCID: PMC6538615 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of adipose stem/progenitor cells (ASCs) into adipocytes contributes to adipose tissue expansion in obesity. This process is regulated by numerous signalling pathways including MAPK signalling. In the present study, we show that weight loss (WL) interventions induce upregulation of Sprouty1 (SPRY1), a negative regulator of MAPK signalling, in human ASCs and elucidate the role of the Sprouty1/MAPK interaction for adipogenic differentiation. We found that the Sprouty1 protein levels are low in proliferating ASCs, increasing in density arrested ASCs at the onset of adipogenic differentiation and decreasing in the course of adipogenesis. Knock-down (KD) of Sprouty1 by RNA interference led to elevated MAPK activity and reduced expression of the early adipogenic transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBP β), concomitant with an abrogation of adipogenesis. Intriguingly, co-treatment of Sprouty1 KD ASCs with differentiation medium and the pharmacological MEK inhibitor U0126 blunted ERK phosphorylation; however, failed to rescue adipogenic differentiation. Thus, the effects of the Sprouty1 KD are not reversed by inhibiting MAPK signalling although the inhibition of MAPK signalling by U0126 did not prevent adipogenic differentiation in wild type ASCs. In conclusion, we show that Sprouty1 is induced after WL in ASCs of formerly obese people acting as a negative regulator of MAPK signalling, which is necessary to properly trigger adipogenesis at early stages by a C/EBP β dependent mechanism.
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19
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Yang N, Li Y, Wang G, Ding Y, Jin Y, Xu Y. Tumor necrosis factor-α suppresses adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cell by inhibiting miR-21/Spry1 functional axis. Differentiation 2017; 97:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Fairfield H, Falank C, Harris E, Demambro V, McDonald M, Pettitt JA, Mohanty ST, Croucher P, Kramer I, Kneissel M, Rosen CJ, Reagan MR. The skeletal cell-derived molecule sclerostin drives bone marrow adipogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1156-1167. [PMID: 28460416 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow niche is a dynamic and complex microenvironment that can both regulate, and be regulated by the bone matrix. Within the bone marrow (BM), mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) precursors reside in a multi-potent state and retain the capacity to differentiate down osteoblastic, adipogenic, or chondrogenic lineages in response to numerous biochemical cues. These signals can be altered in various pathological states including, but not limited to, osteoporotic-induced fracture, systemic adiposity, and the presence of bone-homing cancers. Herein we provide evidence that signals from the bone matrix (osteocytes) determine marrow adiposity by regulating adipogenesis in the bone marrow. Specifically, we found that physiologically relevant levels of Sclerostin (SOST), which is a Wnt-inhibitory molecule secreted from bone matrix-embedded osteocytes, can induce adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, mouse ear- and BM-derived MSCs, and human BM-derived MSCs. We demonstrate that the mechanism of SOST induction of adipogenesis is through inhibition of Wnt signaling in pre-adipocytes. We also demonstrate that a decrease of sclerostin in vivo, via both genetic and pharmaceutical methods, significantly decreases bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) formation. Overall, this work demonstrates a direct role for SOST in regulating fate determination of BM-adipocyte progenitors. This provides a novel mechanism for which BMAT is governed by the local bone microenvironment, which may prove relevant in the pathogenesis of certain diseases involving marrow adipose. Importantly, with anti-sclerostin therapy at the forefront of osteoporosis treatment and a greater recognition of the role of BMAT in disease, these data are likely to have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Harris
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria Demambro
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Sindhu T Mohanty
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Croucher
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ina Kramer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Malik SA, Khan MS, Dar M, Hussain MU, Mudassar S. TAZ is an independent prognostic factor in non-small cell lung carcinoma: Elucidation at protein level. Cancer Biomark 2017; 18:389-395. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Showkat A. Malik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir 190011, India
| | - Mosin S. Khan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir 190011, India
| | - Majeed Dar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir 190011, India
| | - Mahboob Ul Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Syed Mudassar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir 190011, India
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22
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Ferraz EP, Oliveira FS, de Oliveira PT, Crovace MC, Peitl-Filho O, Beloti MM, Rosa AL. Bioactive glass-based surfaces induce differential gene expression profiling of osteoblasts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:419-423. [PMID: 27682446 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Biosilicate® with two crystalline phases (BioS-2P) to drive osteoblast differentiation encourages the investigation of the cellular mechanisms involved in this process. Then, the aim of our study was to analyze the large-scale gene expression of osteoblasts grown on BioS-2P compared with Bioglass® 45S5 (45S5). Osteoblasts differentiated from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured under osteogenic conditions on BioS-2P, 45S5 and polystyrene (control). After 10 days, the expression of 23,794 genes was analyzed using mRNA Sequencing and the data were validated by real-time PCR. The BioS-2P exhibited 5 genes upregulated and 3 downregulated compared with 45S5. Compared with control, BioS-2P upregulated 15 and downregulated 11 genes, while 45S5 upregulated 25 and downregulated 21 genes. Eight genes were commonly upregulated and 4 downregulated by both bioactive glasses. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that bioactive glasses affect the gene expression profiling of osteoblasts. Most of the regulated genes by both BioS-2P and 45S5 are associated with the process of mineralization highlighting their osteostimulation property that is, at least in part, derived from the ability to modulate the intracellular machinery to promote osteoblast genotype expression. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 419-423, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela P Ferraz
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Fabiola S Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Paulo T de Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Murilo C Crovace
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Oscar Peitl-Filho
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marcio M Beloti
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Adalberto L Rosa
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
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23
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Jing H, Liaw L, Friesel R, Vary C, Hua S, Yang X. Suppression of Spry4 enhances cancer stem cell properties of human MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:19. [PMID: 26973433 PMCID: PMC4787021 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells contribute to tumor initiation, heterogeneity, and recurrence, and are critical targets in cancer therapy. Sprouty4 (Spry4) is a potent inhibitor of signal transduction pathways elicited by receptor tyrosine kinases, and has roles in regulating cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Spry4 has been implicated as a tumor suppressor and in modulating embryonic stem cells. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to test the novel idea that Spry4 regulates cancer stem cell properties in breast cancer. METHODS Loss-of function of Spry4 in human MDA-MB-231 cell was used to test our hypothesis. Spry4 knockdown or control cell lines were generated using lentiviral delivery of human Spry4 or non-targeting control shRNAs, and then selected with 2 μg/ml puromycin. Cell growth and migratory abilities were determined using growth curve and cell cycle flow cytometry analyses and scratch assays, respectively. Xenograft tumor model was used to determine the tumorigenic activity and metastasis in vivo. Cancer stem cell related markers were evaluated using immunoblotting assays and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Cancer stem cell phenotype was evaluated using in vitro mammosphere formation and drug sensitivity tests, and in vivo limiting dilution tumor formation assay. RESULTS Two out of three tested human Spry4 shRNAs significantly suppressed the expression of endogenous Spry4 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Suppressing Spry4 expression increased MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and migration. Suppressing Spry4 increased β3-integrin expression, and CD133(+)CD44(+) subpopulation. Suppressing Spry4 increased mammosphere formation, while decreasing the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to Paclitaxel treatment. Finally, suppressing Spry4 increased the potency of MDA-MB-231 cell tumor initiation, a feature attributed to cancer stem cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel evidence that endogenous Spry4 may have tumor suppressive activity in breast cancer by suppressing cancer stem cell properties in addition to negative effects on tumor cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jing
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA
| | - Robert Friesel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA
| | - Calvin Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA
| | - Shucheng Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin Province China
| | - Xuehui Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074 USA
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24
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Lu Y, Day FR, Gustafsson S, Buchkovich ML, Na J, Bataille V, Cousminer DL, Dastani Z, Drong AW, Esko T, Evans DM, Falchi M, Feitosa MF, Ferreira T, Hedman ÅK, Haring R, Hysi PG, Iles MM, Justice AE, Kanoni S, Lagou V, Li R, Li X, Locke A, Lu C, Mägi R, Perry JRB, Pers TH, Qi Q, Sanna M, Schmidt EM, Scott WR, Shungin D, Teumer A, Vinkhuyzen AAE, Walker RW, Westra HJ, Zhang M, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Zhu Z, Afzal U, Ahluwalia TS, Bakker SJL, Bellis C, Bonnefond A, Borodulin K, Buchman AS, Cederholm T, Choh AC, Choi HJ, Curran JE, de Groot LCPGM, De Jager PL, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, Enneman AW, Eury E, Evans DS, Forsen T, Friedrich N, Fumeron F, Garcia ME, Gärtner S, Han BG, Havulinna AS, Hayward C, Hernandez D, Hillege H, Ittermann T, Kent JW, Kolcic I, Laatikainen T, Lahti J, Leach IM, Lee CG, Lee JY, Liu T, Liu Y, Lobbens S, Loh M, Lyytikäinen LP, Medina-Gomez C, Michaëlsson K, Nalls MA, Nielson CM, Oozageer L, Pascoe L, Paternoster L, Polašek O, Ripatti S, Sarzynski MA, Shin CS, Narančić NS, Spira D, Srikanth P, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Sung YJ, Swart KMA, Taittonen L, Tanaka T, Tikkanen E, van der Velde N, van Schoor NM, Verweij N, Wright AF, Yu L, Zmuda JM, Eklund N, Forrester T, Grarup N, Jackson AU, Kristiansson K, Kuulasmaa T, Kuusisto J, Lichtner P, Luan J, Mahajan A, Männistö S, Palmer CD, Ried JS, Scott RA, Stancáková A, Wagner PJ, Demirkan A, Döring A, Gudnason V, Kiel DP, Kühnel B, Mangino M, Mcknight B, Menni C, O'Connell JR, Oostra BA, Shuldiner AR, Song K, Vandenput L, van Duijn CM, Vollenweider P, White CC, Boehnke M, Boettcher Y, Cooper RS, Forouhi NG, Gieger C, Grallert H, Hingorani A, Jørgensen T, Jousilahti P, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Laakso M, Langenberg C, Linneberg A, Luke A, Mckenzie CA, Palotie A, Pedersen O, Peters A, Strauch K, Tayo BO, Wareham NJ, Bennett DA, Bertram L, Blangero J, Blüher M, Bouchard C, Campbell H, Cho NH, Cummings SR, Czerwinski SA, Demuth I, Eckardt R, Eriksson JG, Ferrucci L, Franco OH, Froguel P, Gansevoort RT, Hansen T, Harris TB, Hastie N, Heliövaara M, Hofman A, Jordan JM, Jula A, Kähönen M, Kajantie E, Knekt PB, Koskinen S, Kovacs P, Lehtimäki T, Lind L, Liu Y, Orwoll ES, Osmond C, Perola M, Pérusse L, Raitakari OT, Rankinen T, Rao DC, Rice TK, Rivadeneira F, Rudan I, Salomaa V, Sørensen TIA, Stumvoll M, Tönjes A, Towne B, Tranah GJ, Tremblay A, Uitterlinden AG, van der Harst P, Vartiainen E, Viikari JS, Vitart V, Vohl MC, Völzke H, Walker M, Wallaschofski H, Wild S, Wilson JF, Yengo L, Bishop DT, Borecki IB, Chambers JC, Cupples LA, Dehghan A, Deloukas P, Fatemifar G, Fox C, Furey TS, Franke L, Han J, Hunter DJ, Karjalainen J, Karpe F, Kaplan RC, Kooner JS, McCarthy MI, Murabito JM, Morris AP, Bishop JAN, North KE, Ohlsson C, Ong KK, Prokopenko I, Richards JB, Schadt EE, Spector TD, Widén E, Willer CJ, Yang J, Ingelsson E, Mohlke KL, Hirschhorn JN, Pospisilik JA, Zillikens MC, Lindgren C, Kilpeläinen TO, Loos RJF. New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10495. [PMID: 26833246 PMCID: PMC4740398 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of adiposity and its links to cardiometabolic disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of body fat percentage (BF%) in up to 100,716 individuals. Twelve loci reached genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)), of which eight were previously associated with increased overall adiposity (BMI, BF%) and four (in or near COBLL1/GRB14, IGF2BP1, PLA2G6, CRTC1) were novel associations with BF%. Seven loci showed a larger effect on BF% than on BMI, suggestive of a primary association with adiposity, while five loci showed larger effects on BMI than on BF%, suggesting association with both fat and lean mass. In particular, the loci more strongly associated with BF% showed distinct cross-phenotype association signatures with a range of cardiometabolic traits revealing new insights in the link between adiposity and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New
York
10029, USA
- The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Felix R. Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 750
85
Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala
University, 751 85
Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin L. Buchkovich
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599, USA
| | - Jianbo Na
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Veronique Bataille
- West Herts NHS Trust, Herts
HP2 4AD, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Diana L. Cousminer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zari Dastani
- Department Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Human Genetics, Lady
Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University,
Montréal, Quebec, Canada
H3T1E2
| | - Alexander W. Drong
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu,
Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and Harvard University, Cambridge
2142, USA
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic
and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - David M. Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational
Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland
4102, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and
Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol
BS82BN, UKnited
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public
Health, Imperial College London, London
W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mary F. Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics,
Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis,
Missouri
63108, USA
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Åsa K. Hedman
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 750
85
Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala
University, 751 85
Uppsala, Sweden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Robin Haring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine,
University Medicine Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
- European University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied
Public Health, 18055
Rostock, Germany
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mark M. Iles
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK
Leeds Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds
LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Anne E. Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School
of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London,
London
EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics,
Hinxton, Cambridge
CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford
OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Rui Li
- Department Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Human Genetics, Lady
Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University,
Montréal, Quebec, Canada
H3T1E2
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - Adam Locke
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, USA
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02118, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
- Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu,
Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - John R. B. Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tune H. Pers
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic
and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT
and Harvard, Cambridge
02142, USA
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum
Institut, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Popualtion Health, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
10461, USA
| | - Marianna Sanna
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public
Health, Imperial College London, London
W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ellen M. Schmidt
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, USA
| | - William R. Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College
London, London
W2 1PG, UK
- Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex
UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical
Science, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University
Hosptial, 205 02
Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of
Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87
Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University,
901 85
Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine
Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics,
University Medicine Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Ryan W. Walker
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New
York
10029, USA
- The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of
Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
02142, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts
02446, USA
- Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine,
Boston, Massachusetts
02446, USA
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College
London, London
W2 1PG, UK
- Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex
UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland,
Brisbane
4072, Australia
| | - Uzma Afzal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College
London, London
W2 1PG, UK
- Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex
UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Tarunveer Singh Ahluwalia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sceinces, University of Copenhagen, 2200
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, The Capital
Region, 2200
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, DK-2820
Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Medicine, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Bellis
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research
Institute, San Antonio, Texas
78245, USA
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019
Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000
Lille, France
- Université de Lille 2, 59000
Lille, France
| | - Katja Borodulin
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aron S. Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
60612, USA
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical
Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85
Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Audrey C. Choh
- Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University
Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
45420, USA
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of
Medicine, Seoul
03080, Korea
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas
Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas
78520
| | | | - Philip L. De Jager
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of
Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department
of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | | | - Anke W. Enneman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elodie Eury
- CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019
Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000
Lille, France
- Université de Lille 2, 59000
Lille, France
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute,
San Francisco, California
94107, USA
| | - Tom Forsen
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care,
University of Helsinki, FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine,
University Medicine Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frédéric Fumeron
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,
F-75006
Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S
1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006
Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris
Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,
F-75006
Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138,
Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006
Paris, France
| | - Melissa E. Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
20892, USA
| | - Simone Gärtner
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald,
17475
Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bok-Ghee Han
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong
Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do
370914, Korea
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
20892, USA
| | - Hans Hillege
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Cardiology, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine
Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jack W. Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research
Institute, San Antonio, Texas
78245, USA
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Split, Split
21000, Croatia
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
- Hospital District of North Karelia, FI-80210
Joensuu, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University
of Eastern Finland, FI-70211
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of
Helsinki, FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Cardiology, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine G. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science
University, Portland, Oregon
97239, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Portland, Oregon
97239, USA
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong
Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do
370914, Korea
| | - Tian Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of
Vertebrate Genomics, 14195
Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development,
14194
Berlin, Germany
| | - Youfang Liu
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chaper Hill, North Carolina
27599-7280, USA
| | - Stéphane Lobbens
- CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019
Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000
Lille, France
- Université de Lille 2, 59000
Lille, France
| | - Marie Loh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College
London, London
W2 1PG, UK
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for
Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical
Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore
138648, Singapore
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School
of Medicine, FI-33014
Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and
School of Medicine, University of Tampere, FI-33520
Tampere, Finland
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands
Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam
The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopedics, Uppsala
University, 751 85
Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mike A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
20892, USA
| | - Carrie M. Nielson
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon
97239, USA
- Bone & Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon
97239, USA
| | | | - Laura Pascoe
- Institute of Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle
University, Newcastle
NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and
Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol
BS82BN, UKnited
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Split, Split
21000, Croatia
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of
Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot
Place, Edinburgh
EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics,
Hinxton, Cambridge
CB10 1SA, UK
- Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research
Center, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles
70808, USA
| | - Chan Soo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul
03080, Korea
| | | | - Dominik Spira
- The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics;
Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
13347
Berlin, Germany
- Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353
Berlin, Germany
| | - Priya Srikanth
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon
97239, USA
- Bone & Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon
97239, USA
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics;
Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
13347
Berlin, Germany
- Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353
Berlin, Germany
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of
Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
| | - Karin M. A. Swart
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University
Medical Center, 1081 BT
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- VUMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
1081 BT
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leena Taittonen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu,
FI-90014
Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Vaasa Central Hospital,
FI-65100
Vaasa, Finland
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on
Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
21225, USA
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
- Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M. van Schoor
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University
Medical Center, 1081 BT
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- VUMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
1081 BT
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Cardiology, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan F. Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
60612, USA
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology; University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15261, USA
| | - Niina Eklund
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research
Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona
JMAAW15, Jamaica
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, USA
| | - Kati Kristiansson
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine,
Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine,
Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210
Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland,
70210
Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, 70029
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Satu Männistö
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cameron D. Palmer
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and Harvard University, Cambridge
2142, USA
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic
and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - Janina S. Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alena Stancáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and
Kuopio University Hospital, 70210
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter J. Wagner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, 3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur
201, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine,
Reykjavik
101, Iceland
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
02115
- Institute for Aging Research Hebrew Senior Life,
Boston, Massachusetts
02131, USA
| | - Brigitte Kühnel
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Barbara Mcknight
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington
98101, USA
- Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Divison of Public
Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,
Seattle, Washington
98109, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
98195, USA
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jeffrey R. O'Connell
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
21201, USA
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, 3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
21201, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Vetrans
Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
21042, USA
| | - Kijoung Song
- Genetics, Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences,
GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19112, USA
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal
Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,
University of Gothenburg, 413 45
Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands
Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam
The Netherlands
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, 3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Medical Systems Biology, 2300
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne
(CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011
Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles C. White
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02118, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, USA
| | - Yvonne Boettcher
- University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of
Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
61053, USA
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD),
85764
Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College
London, London
WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical
Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg,
9220
Aalborg, Denmark
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health,
DK2600
Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL,
London
WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL,
London
WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Markku Laakso
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine,
Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210
Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland,
70210
Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, 70029
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL,
London
WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup
Hospital, 2600
Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Amy Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of
Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
61053, USA
| | - Colin A. Mckenzie
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research
Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona
JMAAW15, Jamaica
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics,
Hinxton, Cambridge
CB10 1SA, UK
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Human Genetic
Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit,
Boston, Massachusetts
02114, USA
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology,
Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität,
81377
Munich, Germany
| | - Bamidele O. Tayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of
Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
61053, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
60612, USA
| | - Lars Bertram
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College
London, London
W6 8RP, UK
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome
Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Integrative and Experimental
Genomics, University of Lübeck, 23562
Lübeck, Germany
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas
Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas
78520
| | - Matthias Blüher
- University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research
Center, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles
70808, USA
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of
Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot
Place, Edinburgh
EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Nam H. Cho
- Ajou University School of Medicine, Department of Preventive
Medicine, Suwon Kyoung-gi
443-721, Korea
| | - Steven R. Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute,
San Francisco, California
94107, USA
| | - Stefan A. Czerwinski
- Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University
Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
45420, USA
| | - Ilja Demuth
- The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics;
Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
13347
Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics,
Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
13353
Berlin, Germany
| | - Rahel Eckardt
- The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics;
Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
13347
Berlin, Germany
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care,
University of Helsinki, FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on
Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
21225, USA
| | - Oscar H. Franco
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands
Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam
The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019
Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000
Lille, France
- Université de Lille 2, 59000
Lille, France
| | - Ron T. Gansevoort
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Medicine, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern
Denmark, 5000
Odense, Denmark
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
20892, USA
| | - Nicholas Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Markku Heliövaara
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Hofman
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands
Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam
The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne M. Jordan
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chaper Hill, North Carolina
27599-7280, USA
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University
Hospital, FI-33521
Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere
School of Medicine, FI-33014
Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and
University of Helsinki, FI-00029
Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MRC Oulu, Oulu
University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90029
Oulu, Finland
| | - Paul B. Knekt
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Kovacs
- University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School
of Medicine, FI-33014
Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and
School of Medicine, University of Tampere, FI-33520
Tampere, Finland
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University,
751 85
Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences,
Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North
Carolina
27157, USA
| | - Eric S. Orwoll
- Bone & Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon
97239, USA
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton,
Southampton General Hospital, Southampton
SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Markus Perola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu,
Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University,
Québec City, Quebec, Canada
G1V 0A6
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval
University, Québec City, Quebec,
Canada
G1V 0A6
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku
University Hospital, FI-20521
Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular
Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20520
Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research
Center, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles
70808, USA
| | - D. C. Rao
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics,
Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis,
Missouri
63108, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of
Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of
Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
| | - Treva K. Rice
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of
Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of
Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands
Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam
The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of
Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot
Place, Edinburgh
EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and
Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol
BS82BN, UKnited
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg
Hospital, The Capital Region, 2000
Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bradford Towne
- Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University
Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
45420, USA
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute,
San Francisco, California
94107, USA
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University,
Québec City, Quebec, Canada
G1V 0A6
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands
Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam
The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Cardiology, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity
Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, 3501
DG
Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen,
University of Groningen, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erkki Vartiainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma S. Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku,
FI-20521
Turku, Finland
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval
University, Québec City, Quebec,
Canada
G1V 0A6
- School of Nutrition, Laval University,
Québec City, Quebec, Canada
G1V 0A6
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine
Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site
Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
- DZD (German Centre for Diabetes Research), partner site
Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mark Walker
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of
Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
02142, USA
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University,
Newcastle
NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Henri Wallaschofski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine,
University Medicine Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site
Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sarah Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of
Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh
EH8 9AG, UK
| | - James F. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of
Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot
Place, Edinburgh
EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Loïc Yengo
- CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019
Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000
Lille, France
- Université de Lille 2, 59000
Lille, France
| | - D. Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK
Leeds Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds
LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics,
Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis,
Missouri
63108, USA
- Analytical Genetics Group, Regeneron Genetics Center,
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York
10591, USA
| | - John C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College
London, London
W2 1PG, UK
- Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex
UB1 3HW, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London
W12 0HS, UK
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02118, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham
Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
01702, USA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center,
3000CA
Rotterdam/Zuidholland, The Netherlands
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School
of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London,
London
EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics,
Hinxton, Cambridge
CB10 1SA, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research
of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah
21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazaleh Fatemifar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and
Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol
BS82BN, UKnited
| | - Caroline Fox
- Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts
02115, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham
Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
01702, USA
| | - Terrence S. Furey
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599, USA
| | - Lude Franke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Cardiology, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen,
University of Groningen, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of
Public Health, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center,
Indianapolis, Indiana
46202, USA
| | - David J. Hunter
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and Harvard University, Cambridge
2142, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - Juha Karjalainen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen,
University of Groningen, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford
OX3 7LJ, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre,
Oxford
OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Popualtion Health, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
10461, USA
| | - Jaspal S. Kooner
- Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex
UB1 3HW, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London
W12 0HS, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College
London, London
W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford
OX3 7LJ, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre,
Oxford
OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston,
Massachusetts
02118, USA
- NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham
Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
01702, USA
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool,
Liverpool
L69 3GA, UK
| | - Julia A. N. Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK
Leeds Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds
LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Kari E. North
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences and Department of
Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina
27599-7400, USA
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal
Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,
University of Gothenburg, 413 45
Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL,
London
WC1B 5JU, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public
Health, Imperial College London, London
W12 0NN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford
OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Department Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Human Genetics, Lady
Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University,
Montréal, Quebec, Canada
H3T1E2
- Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General
Hospital, McGill University, Montréal,
Quebec, Canada
H3T1E2
- Department of Twin Research, King's College
London, London
SE1 1E7, UK
- Division of Endocrinology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish
General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal,
Quebec, Canada
H3T1E2
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristen J. Willer
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland,
Brisbane
4072, Australia
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 750
85
Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala
University, 751 85
Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford,
California
94305, USA
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599, USA
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and Harvard University, Cambridge
2142, USA
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic
and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - John Andrew Pospisilik
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of
Immunobiology and Epigenetics, D-76108
Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands
Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam
The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and Harvard University, Cambridge
2142, USA
- The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford,
Oxford
OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Tuomas Oskari Kilpeläinen
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New
York
10029, USA
- The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program,
The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New
York, 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
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25
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Colak R, Kim T, Kazan H, Oh Y, Cruz M, Valladares-Salgado A, Peralta J, Escobedo J, Parra EJ, Kim PM, Goldenberg A. JBASE: Joint Bayesian Analysis of Subphenotypes and Epistasis. Bioinformatics 2016; 32:203-10. [PMID: 26411870 PMCID: PMC4708100 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btv504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Rapid advances in genotyping and genome-wide association studies have enabled the discovery of many new genotype-phenotype associations at the resolution of individual markers. However, these associations explain only a small proportion of theoretically estimated heritability of most diseases. In this work, we propose an integrative mixture model called JBASE: joint Bayesian analysis of subphenotypes and epistasis. JBASE explores two major reasons of missing heritability: interactions between genetic variants, a phenomenon known as epistasis and phenotypic heterogeneity, addressed via subphenotyping. RESULTS Our extensive simulations in a wide range of scenarios repeatedly demonstrate that JBASE can identify true underlying subphenotypes, including their associated variants and their interactions, with high precision. In the presence of phenotypic heterogeneity, JBASE has higher Power and lower Type 1 Error than five state-of-the-art approaches. We applied our method to a sample of individuals from Mexico with Type 2 diabetes and discovered two novel epistatic modules, including two loci each, that define two subphenotypes characterized by differences in body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio. We successfully replicated these subphenotypes and epistatic modules in an independent dataset from Mexico genotyped with a different platform. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION JBASE is implemented in C++, supported on Linux and is available at http://www.cs.toronto.edu/∼goldenberg/JBASE/jbase.tar.gz. The genotype data underlying this study are available upon approval by the ethics review board of the Medical Centre Siglo XXI. Please contact Dr Miguel Cruz at mcruzl@yahoo.com for assistance with the application. CONTACT anna.goldenberg@utoronto.ca SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Colak
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, M5S 2E4, Toronto, ON, Canada, Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, M5S 3E1, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - TaeHyung Kim
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, M5S 2E4, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Computer Engineering, Antalya International University, 07190, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hilal Kazan
- Department of Computer Engineering, Antalya International University, 07190, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yoomi Oh
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, M5S 3E1, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, IMSS, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adan Valladares-Salgado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, IMSS, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesus Peralta
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, IMSS, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Escobedo
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, L5L 1C6, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Philip M Kim
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, M5S 3E1, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada, Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, M5G 0A4, Toronto, ON, Canada and Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, M5G 1L6, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Goldenberg
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, M5S 2E4, Toronto, ON, Canada, Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, M5G 0A4, Toronto, ON, Canada and
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26
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Falank C, Fairfield H, Reagan MR. Signaling Interplay between Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Multiple Myeloma cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:67. [PMID: 27379019 PMCID: PMC4911365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the year 2000, Hanahan and Weinberg (1) defined the six Hallmarks of Cancer as: self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth mechanisms, tissue invasion and metastasis, limitless replicative potential, and sustained angiogenesis. Eleven years later, two new Hallmarks were added to the list (avoiding immune destruction and reprograming energy metabolism) and two new tumor characteristics (tumor-promoting inflammation and genome instability and mutation) (2). In multiple myeloma (MM), a destructive cancer of the plasma cell that grows predominantly in the bone marrow (BM), it is clear that all these hallmarks and characteristics are in play, contributing to tumor initiation, drug resistance, disease progression, and relapse. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a newly recognized contributor to MM oncogenesis and disease progression, potentially affecting MM cell metabolism, immune action, inflammation, and influences on angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss the confirmed and hypothetical contributions of BMAT to MM development and disease progression. BMAT has been understudied due to technical challenges and a previous lack of appreciation for the endocrine function of this tissue. In this review, we define the dynamic, responsive, metabolically active BM adipocyte. We then describe how BMAT influences MM in terms of: lipids/metabolism, hypoxia/angiogenesis, paracrine or endocrine signaling, and bone disease. We then discuss the connection between BMAT and systemic inflammation and potential treatments to inhibit the feedback loops between BM adipocytes and MM cells that support MM progression. We aim for researchers to use this review to guide and help prioritize their experiments to develop better treatments or a cure for cancers, such as MM, that associate with and may depend on BMAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Falank
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: Michaela R. Reagan,
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Abdallah BM, Jafari A, Zaher W, Qiu W, Kassem M. Skeletal (stromal) stem cells: an update on intracellular signaling pathways controlling osteoblast differentiation. Bone 2015; 70:28-36. [PMID: 25138551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal (marrow stromal) stem cells (BMSCs) are a group of multipotent cells that reside in the bone marrow stroma and can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Studying signaling pathways that regulate BMSC differentiation into osteoblastic cells is a strategy for identifying druggable targets for enhancing bone formation. This review will discuss the functions and the molecular mechanisms of action on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation; of a number of recently identified regulatory molecules: the non-canonical Notch signaling molecule Delta-like 1/preadipocyte factor 1 (Dlk1/Pref-1), the Wnt co-receptor Lrp5 and intracellular kinases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Stem Cells and Bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem M Abdallah
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Walid Zaher
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weimin Qiu
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
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Seeger T, Fischer A, Muhly-Reinholz M, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Long-term inhibition of miR-21 leads to reduction of obesity in db/db mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:2352-60. [PMID: 25141837 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of long-term pharmacological inhibition of miR-21 in a model of metabolic syndrome and obesity. METHODS Aged db/db mice were treated with locked nucleic acid-modified anti-miRs directed against miR-21 (LNA-21), control LNAs or PBS for 18 weeks. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and the effect on body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) was evaluated. RESULTS MiR-21 expression was efficiently inhibited in the heart and WAT with no apparent liver toxicity or deterioration of kidney function. MiR-21 inhibition had no effect on cardiac hypertrophy as well as systolic and diastolic cardiac functions. However, levels of cardiac collagen 1 were modestly reduced in LNA-21 treated mice. MiR-21 inhibition reduced body weight, as well as adipocyte size and serum triglycerides were significantly decreased. The miR-21 targets TGFβ-receptor 2 (TGFBR2) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were derepressed in WAT of LNA-21 treated mice and Sprouty1 and 2 were increased after miR-21 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Long-term treatment with LNA-21 is safe and efficiently suppresses miR-21 expression. Cardiac function was not affected. LNA-21 treatment led to a significant weight loss and reduces adipocyte size as well as derepression of the targets TGFRB2, PTEN, and Sprouty1 and 2.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/drug effects
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Metabolic Syndrome/complications
- Metabolic Syndrome/genetics
- Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Oligonucleotides/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Seeger
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Nallamshetty S, Le PT, Wang H, Issacsohn MJ, Reeder DJ, Rhee EJ, Kiefer FW, Brown JD, Rosen CJ, Plutzky J. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 deficiency inhibits PPARγ-mediated bone loss and marrow adiposity. Bone 2014; 67:281-91. [PMID: 25064526 PMCID: PMC4209126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PPARγ, a ligand-activated nuclear receptor, regulates fundamental aspects of bone homeostasis and skeletal remodeling. PPARγ-activating anti-diabetic thiazolidinediones in clinical use promote marrow adiposity, bone loss, and skeletal fractures. As such, delineating novel regulatory pathways that modulate the action of PPARγ, and its obligate heterodimeric partner RXR, may have important implications for our understanding and treatment of disorders of low bone mineral density. We present data here establishing retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1a1) and its substrate retinaldehyde (Rald) as novel determinants of PPARγ-RXR actions in the skeleton. When compared to wild type (WT) controls, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-deficient (Aldh1a1(-/-)) mice were protected against bone loss and marrow adiposity induced by either the thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone or a high fat diet, both of which potently activate the PPARγ-RXR complex. Consistent with these results, Rald, which accumulates in vivo in Aldh1a1(-/-) mice, protects against rosiglitazone-mediated inhibition of osteoblastogenesis in vitro. In addition, Rald potently inhibits in vitro adipogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in WT mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) respectively. Primary Aldh1a1(-/-) HSCs also demonstrate impaired osteoclastogenesis in vitro compared to WT controls. Collectively, these findings identify Rald and retinoid metabolism through Aldh1a1 as important novel modulators of PPARγ-RXR transactivation in the marrow niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriram Nallamshetty
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Phuong T. Le
- Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maya J. Issacsohn
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J. Reeder
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Florian W. Kiefer
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan D. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
- Corresponding authors. Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Jorge Plutzky, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, NRB 742, Boston, Massachusetts 02115. Telephone: 617-525-4360 Fax: 617-525-4366
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Corresponding authors. Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Jorge Plutzky, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, NRB 742, Boston, Massachusetts 02115. Telephone: 617-525-4360 Fax: 617-525-4366
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Tews D, Schwar V, Scheithauer M, Weber T, Fromme T, Klingenspor M, Barth TF, Möller P, Holzmann K, Debatin KM, Fischer-Posovszky P, Wabitsch M. Comparative gene array analysis of progenitor cells from human paired deep neck and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 395:41-50. [PMID: 25102227 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brown and white adipocytes have been shown to derive from different progenitors. In this study we sought to clarify the molecular differences between human brown and white adipocyte progenitors cells. To this end, we performed comparative gene array analysis on progenitor cells isolated from paired biopsies of deep and subcutaneous neck adipose tissue from individuals (n = 6) undergoing neck surgery. Compared with subcutaneous neck progenitors, cells from the deep neck adipose tissue displayed marked differences in gene expression pattern, including 355 differentially regulated (>1.5 fold) genes. Analysis of highest regulated genes revealed that STMN2, MME, ODZ2, NRN1 and IL13RA2 genes were specifically expressed in white progenitor cells, whereas expression of LRRC17, CNTNAP3, CD34, RGS7BP and ADH1B marked brown progenitor cells. In conclusion, progenitors from deep neck and subcutaneous neck adipose tissue are characterized by a distinct molecular signature, giving rise to either brown or white adipocytes. The newly identified markers may provide potential pharmacological targets facilitating brown adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - V Schwar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Scheithauer
- Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - T Weber
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - T Fromme
- Else-Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Klingenspor
- Else-Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - T F Barth
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - P Möller
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - K Holzmann
- Core Facility Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - K M Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - P Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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31
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He Q, Yang X, Gong Y, Kovalenko D, Canalis E, Rosen CJ, Friesel RE. Deficiency of Sef is associated with increased postnatal cortical bone mass by regulating Runx2 activity. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1217-31. [PMID: 24127237 PMCID: PMC3984377 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sef (similar expression to fgf genes) is a feedback inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and functions in part by binding to FGF receptors and inhibiting their activation. Genetic studies in mice and humans indicate an important role for fibroblast growth factor signaling in bone growth and homeostasis. We, therefore, investigated whether Sef had a function role in skeletal acquisition and remodeling. Sef expression is increased during osteoblast differentiation in vitro, and LacZ staining of Sef+/- mice showed high expression of Sef in the periosteum and chondro-osseous junction of neonatal and adult mice. Mice with a global deletion of Sef showed increased cortical bone thickness, bone volume, and increased periosteal perimeter by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Histomorphometric analysis of cortical bone revealed a significant increase in osteoblast number. Interestingly, Sef-/- mice showed very little difference in trabecular bone by micro-CT and histomorphometry compared with wild-type mice. Bone marrow cells from Sef-/- mice grown in osteogenic medium showed increased proliferation and increased osteoblast differentiation compared with wild-type bone marrow cells. Bone marrow cells from Sef-/- mice showed enhanced FGF2-induced activation of the ERK pathway, whereas bone marrow cells from Sef transgenic mice showed decreased FGF2-induced signaling. FGF2-induced acetylation and stability of Runx2 was enhanced in Sef-/- bone marrow cells, whereas overexpression of Sef inhibited Runx2-responsive luciferase reporter activity. Bone marrow from Sef-/- mice showed enhanced hematopoietic lineage-dependent and osteoblast-dependent osteoclastogenesis and increased bone resorptive activity relative to wild-type controls in in vitro assays, whereas overexpression of Sef inhibited osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, these studies indicate that Sef has specific roles in osteoblast and osteoclast lineages and that its absence results in increased osteoblast and osteoclast activity with a net increase in cortical bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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Marks PC, Preda M, Henderson T, Liaw L, Lindner V, Friesel RE, Pinz IM. Interactive 3D Analysis of Blood Vessel Trees and Collateral Vessel Volumes in Magnetic Resonance Angiograms in the Mouse Ischemic Hindlimb Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 7:19-27. [PMID: 24563682 PMCID: PMC3929959 DOI: 10.2174/1874347101307010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of blood vessel volumes from magnetic resonance angiograms (MRA) or μCT images is difficult and time-consuming. This fact, when combined with a study that involves multiple scans of multiple subjects, can represent a significant portion of research time. In order to enhance analysis options and to provide an automated and fast analysis method, we developed a software plugin for the ImageJ and Fiji image processing frameworks that enables the quick and reproducible volume quantification of blood vessel segments. The novel plugin named Volume Calculator (VolCal), accepts any binary (thresholded) image and produces a three-dimensional schematic representation of the vasculature that can be directly manipulated by the investigator. Using MRAs of the mouse hindlimb ischemia model, we demonstrate quick and reproducible blood vessel volume calculations with 95 – 98% accuracy. In clinical settings this software may enhance image interpretation and the speed of data analysis and thus enhance intervention decisions for example in peripheral vascular disease or aneurysms. In summary, we provide a novel, fast and interactive quantification of blood vessel volumes for single blood vessels or sets of vessel segments with particular focus on collateral formation after an ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Marks
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074
| | - Marilena Preda
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074
| | - Terry Henderson
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074
| | - Volkhard Lindner
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074
| | - Robert E Friesel
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074
| | - Ilka M Pinz
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074
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Nallamshetty S, Wang H, Rhee EJ, Kiefer FW, Brown JD, Lotinun S, Le P, Baron R, Rosen CJ, Plutzky J. Deficiency of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 induces BMP2 and increases bone mass in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71307. [PMID: 23951127 PMCID: PMC3739807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of retinoids, the structural derivatives of vitamin A (retinol), on post-natal peak bone density acquisition and skeletal remodeling are complex and compartment specific. Emerging data indicates that retinoids, such as all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and its precursor all trans retinaldehyde (Rald), exhibit distinct and divergent transcriptional effects in metabolism. Despite these observations, the role of enzymes that control retinoid metabolism in bone remains undefined. In this study, we examined the skeletal phenotype of mice deficient in retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1a1), the enzyme responsible for converting Rald to ATRA in adult animals. Bone densitometry and micro-computed tomography (µCT) demonstrated that Aldh1a1-deficient (Aldh1a1−/−) female mice had higher trabecular and cortical bone mass compared to age and sex-matched control C57Bl/6 wild type (WT) mice at multiple time points. Histomorphometry confirmed increased cortical bone thickness and demonstrated significantly higher bone marrow adiposity in Aldh1a1−/− mice. In serum assays, Aldh1a1−/− mice also had higher serum IGF-1 levels. In vitro, primary Aldh1a1−/− mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expressed significantly higher levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and demonstrated enhanced osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis versus WT MSCs. BMP2 was also expressed at higher levels in the femurs and tibias of Aldh1a1−/− mice with accompanying induction of BMP2-regulated responses, including expression of Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase, and Smad phosphorylation. In vitro, Rald, which accumulates in Aldh1a1−/− mice, potently induced BMP2 in WT MSCs in a retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-dependent manner, suggesting that Rald is involved in the BMP2 increases seen in Aldh1a1 deficiency in vivo. Collectively, these data implicate Aldh1a1 as a novel determinant of cortical bone density and marrow adiposity in the skeleton in vivo through modulation of BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriram Nallamshetty
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Seo E, Basu-Roy U, Gunaratne PH, Coarfa C, Lim DS, Basilico C, Mansukhani A. SOX2 regulates YAP1 to maintain stemness and determine cell fate in the osteo-adipo lineage. Cell Rep 2013; 3:2075-87. [PMID: 23791527 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The osteoblastic and adipocytic lineages arise from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but few regulators of self-renewal and early cell-fate decisions are known. Here, we show that the Hippo pathway effector YAP1 is a direct target of SOX2 and can compensate for the self-renewal defect caused by SOX2 inactivation in osteoprogenitors and MSCs. Osteogenesis is blocked by high SOX2 or YAP1, accelerated by depletion of either one, and the inhibition of osteogenesis by SOX2 requires YAP1. SOX2 favors adipogenesis and induces PPARγ, but adipogenesis can only occur with moderate levels of YAP1. YAP1 induction by SOX2 is restrained in adipogenesis, and both YAP1 overexpression and depletion inhibit the process. YAP1 binds β-catenin and directly induces the Wnt antagonist Dkk1 to dampen pro-osteogenic Wnt signals. We demonstrate a Hippo-independent regulation of YAP1 by SOX2 that cooperatively antagonizes Wnt/β-catenin signals and regulates PPARγ to determine osteogenic or adipocytic fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Seo
- National Creative Initiatives Center for Cell Division and Differentiation, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 373-1 Guseoung-D, Yuseong-G, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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35
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Jin HS, Kim BY, Kim J, Hong KW, Jung SY, Lee YS, Huh D, Oh B, Chung YS, Jeong SY. Association between the SPRY1 gene polymorphism and obesity-related traits and osteoporosis in Korean women. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 108:95-101. [PMID: 23146288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has revealed a close relationship between obesity and osteoporosis. It was reported recently that conditional knockout of the Spry1 gene in mice adipocytes causes an increase in body fat and a decrease in bone mass, and that these phenotypes are rescued by Spry1 overexpression in adipose tissue. In this study, we investigated whether genetic variation in the human SPRY1 gene is associated with obesity-related phenotypes and/or osteoporosis in humans. METHODS We performed a candidate gene association analysis between the four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 14 imputed SNPs in the SPRY1 gene and obesity-related traits and osteoporosis in a Korean women cohort (3013 subjects). RESULTS All four SPRY1 gene SNPs were significantly associated with either obesity-related traits or osteoporosis. The TGCC haplotype in the SRPY1 gene showed simultaneous association with an increased risk for obesity-related traits, percentage body fat (p=0.0087) and percentage abdominal fat (p=0.047), and osteoporosis (odds ratio=1.50; p=0.025) in the recessive genetic model. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a previous finding in conditional Spry1 gene knockout mice and suggest that the SPRY1 gene is an important genetic factor for determining the risk of both obesity and osteoporosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seok Jin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Mullican SE, Tomaru T, Gaddis CA, Peed LC, Sundaram A, Lazar MA. A novel adipose-specific gene deletion model demonstrates potential pitfalls of existing methods. Mol Endocrinol 2012. [PMID: 23192980 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-specific gene deletion in mice is crucial in determining gene function in adipocyte homeostasis and the development of obesity. We noted 100% mortality when the Hdac3 gene was conditionally deleted using Fabp4-Cre mice, the most commonly used model of adipose-targeted Cre recombinase. However, this surprising result was not reproduced using other models of adipose targeting of Cre, including a novel Retn-Cre mouse. These findings underscore the need for caution when interpreting data obtained using Fabp4-Cre mice and should encourage the use of additional or alternative adipose-targeting Cre mouse models before drawing conclusions about in vivo adipocyte-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Mullican
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Yadav S, Anbalagan M, Shi Y, Wang F, Wang H. Arsenic inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by down-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and CCAAT enhancer-binding proteins. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:211-9. [PMID: 23108036 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic remains a top environmental concern in the United States as well as worldwide because of its global existence and serious health impacts. Apoptotic effect of arsenic in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) has been identified in our previous study; the effects of arsenic on hMSCs remain largely unknown. Here, we report that arsenic inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Arsenic reduced the formation of lipid droplets and the expression of adipogenesis-related proteins, such as CCAAT enhancer binding protein-(C/EBPs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein aP2 (aP2). Arsenic mediates this process by sustaining PPAR-γ activity. In addition, inhibition of PPAR-γ activity with T0070907 and up-regulation with its agonist troglitazone, showed the direct association of PPAR-γ and arsenic-mediated inhibition of differentiating hMSCs. Taken together, these results indicate that arsenic inhibits adipogenic differentiation through PPAR-γ pathway and suggest a novel inhibitory effect of arsenic on adipogenic differentiation in hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Yadav
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Kumar M, Witt B, Knippschild U, Koch S, Meena JK, Heinlein C, Weise JM, Krepulat F, Kuchenbauer F, Iben S, Rudolph KL, Deppert W, Günes C. CEBP factors regulate telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter activity in whey acidic protein-T mice during mammary carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2032-43. [PMID: 23023397 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase is activated in the majority of invasive breast cancers, but the time point of telomerase activation during mammary carcinogenesis is not clear. We have recently presented a transgenic mouse model to study human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene expression in vivo (hTERTp-lacZ). In the present study, hTERTp-lacZxWAP-T bitransgenic mice were generated to analyze the mechanisms responsible for human and mouse TERT upregulation during tumor progression in vivo. We found that telomerase activity and TERT expression were consistently upregulated in SV40-induced invasive mammary tumors compared to normal and hyperplastic tissues and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Human and mouse TERT genes are regulated similarly in the breast tissue, involving the CEBP transcription factors. Loss of CEBP-α and induction of CEBP-β expression correlated well with the activation of TERT expression in mouse mammary tumors. Transfection of CEBP-α into human or murine cells resulted in TERT repression, whereas knockdown of CEBP-α in primary human mammary epithelial cells resulted in reactivation of endogenous TERT expression and telomerase activity. Conversely, ectopic expression of CEBP-β activated endogenous TERT gene expression. Moreover, ChIP and EMSA experiments revealed binding of CEBP-α and CEBP-β to human TERT-promoter. This is the first evidence indicating that CEBP-α and CEBP-β are involved in TERT gene regulation during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Max-Planck Research Group on Stem Cell Aging, Ulm, Germany
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Prognostic significance of TAZ expression in resected non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2012; 7:799-807. [PMID: 22481233 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e318248240b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is known to bind to a variety of transcription factors to control cell differentiation and organ development. Recently, TAZ has been identified as an oncogene and has an important role in tumorigenicity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, TAZ may present a novel target for the future diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy for lung cancer. We investigated the relationship between TAZ expression and clinicopathological parameters and determined its prognostic significance concerning survival in patients with resected NSCLC. METHODS TAZ expression was immunohistochemically studied in 181 consecutive patients with NSCLC and 20 cases of normal lung tissue. The association between expression of TAZ and clinicopathological parameters was evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of TAZ expression on survival. RESULTS TAZ expression was observed in 121 of the 181 (66.8%) NSCLC. TAZ had nuclear and cytoplasmic expression. Clinicopathologically, TAZ expression was significantly associated with lung adenocarcinoma (p = 0. 002), poorer differentiation (p = 0.001), p-tumor, node, metastasis stage (p = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.032), intratumoral vascular invasion (p = 0.004), pleural invasion (p = 0.003), adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.044), and poorer prognosis (p = 0.002). Multivariable analysis confirmed that TAZ expression increased the hazard of death after adjusting for other clinicopathological factors (hazard ratio, 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-4.66; p = 0.01). Overall survival was significantly prolonged in TAZ negative group when compared with TAZ positive group (61.8 versus 47.1 months; p < 0.0001), as was disease-free survival (44.3 versus 25.1 months; p < 0.0001). Adjuvant chemotherapy prolonged overall survival among resected NSCLC patients with TAZ positive expression (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that TAZ expression is a prognostic indicator of poorer survival probability for patients with resected NSCLC.
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Urs S, Turner B, Tang Y, Rostama B, Small D, Liaw L. Effect of soluble Jagged1-mediated inhibition of Notch signaling on proliferation and differentiation of an adipocyte progenitor cell model. Adipocyte 2012; 1:46-57. [PMID: 23700510 PMCID: PMC3661121 DOI: 10.4161/adip.19186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue development is dependent on multiple signaling mechanisms and cell-cell interactions that regulate adipogenesis, angiogenesis and extracellular remodeling. The Notch signaling pathway is an important cell-fate determinant whose role in adipogenesis is not clearly defined. To address this issue, we examined the effect of inhibition of Notch signaling by soluble-Jagged1 in the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte line. In vitro, soluble-Jagged1 expression in 3T3-L1 cells altered cell morphology, increased the rate of cell proliferation and induced an early transcriptional response to differentiation stimuli. However, these cells did not form mature adipocytes due to their inability to exit the cell-cycle in response to serum-starvation and glucocorticoid-induced cell-cycle arrest. In contrast, subcutaneous allografts of soluble-Jagged1 cells formed larger fat pads containing lipid-filled adipocytes with improved neovascularization compared with controls. Since adipogenesis is tightly associated with angiogenesis, we evaluated the influence of soluble-Jagged1 on endothelial cells by culturing them in cell-free conditioned media from preadipocytes. Soluble Jagged1-mediated inhibition of Notch signaling increased levels of secreted cytokines, potentially contributing to the improved cell growth and proliferation observed in these cultures. Our findings demonstrate an initial requirement of Notch signaling inactivation for preadipocyte cell commitment and support the hypothesis that cell-to-cell crosstalk between the preadipocytes and endothelial cells is required for neovascularization and remodeling of the tissue to promote hyperplasia and hypertrophy of differentiating adipocytes.
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Tissue-specific expression of Sprouty1 in mice protects against high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation, bone loss and metabolic dysfunction. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:1025-33. [PMID: 22142492 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511006209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We recently characterised Sprouty1 (Spry1), a growth factor signalling inhibitor as a regulator of marrow progenitor cells promoting osteoblast differentiation at the expense of adipocytes. Adipose tissue-specific Spry1 expression in mice resulted in increased bone mass and reduced body fat, while conditional knockout of Spry1 had the opposite effect with decreased bone mass and increased body fat. Because Spry1 suppresses normal fat development, we tested the hypothesis that Spry1 expression prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, bone loss and associated lipid abnormalities, and demonstrate that Spry1 has a long-term protective effect on mice fed a high-energy diet. We studied diet-induced obesity in mice with fatty acid binding promoter-driven expression or conditional knockout of Spry1 in adipocytes. Phenotyping was performed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, microCT, histology and blood analysis. In conditional Spry1-null mice, a high-fat diet increased body fat by 40 %, impaired glucose regulation and led to liver steatosis. However, overexpression of Spry1 led to 35 % (P < 0·05) lower body fat, reduced bone loss and normal metabolic function compared with single transgenics. This protective phenotype was associated with decreased circulating insulin (70 %) and leptin (54 %; P < 0·005) compared with controls on a high-fat diet. Additionally, Spry1 expression decreased adipose tissue inflammation by 45 %. We show that conditional Spry1 expression in adipose tissue protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity and associated bone loss.
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42
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Ren H, Li L, Su H, Xu L, Wei C, Zhang L, Li H, Liu W, Du L. Histological and transcriptome-wide level characteristics of fetal myofiber hyperplasia during the second half of gestation in Texel and Ujumqin sheep. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:411. [PMID: 21838923 PMCID: PMC3173453 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether myofibers increase with a pulsed-wave mode at particular developmental stages or whether they augment evenly across developmental stages in large mammals is unclear. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms of myostatin in myofiber hyperplasia at the fetal stage in sheep remain unknown. Using the first specialized transcriptome-wide sheep oligo DNA microarray and histological methods, we investigated the gene expression profile and histological characteristics of developing fetal ovine longissimus muscle in Texel sheep (high muscle and low fat), as a myostatin model of natural mutation, and Ujumqin sheep (low muscle and high fat). Fetal skeletal muscles were sampled at 70, 85, 100, 120, and 135 d of gestation. RESULTS Myofiber number increased sharply with a pulsed-wave mode at certain developmental stages but was not augmented evenly across developmental stages in fetal sheep. The surges in myofiber hyperplasia occurred at 85 and 120 d in Texel sheep, whereas a unique proliferative surge appeared at 100 d in Ujumqin sheep. Analysis of the microarray demonstrated that immune and hematological systems' development and function, lipid metabolism, and cell communication were the biological functions that were most differentially expressed between Texel and Ujumqin sheep during muscle development. Pathways associated with myogenesis and the proliferation of myoblasts, such as calcium signaling, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 signaling, and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, were affected significantly at specific fetal stages, which underpinned fetal myofiber hyperplasia and postnatal muscle hypertrophy. Moreover, we identified some differentially expressed genes between the two breeds that could be potential myostatin targets for further investigation. CONCLUSIONS Proliferation of myofibers proceeded in a pulsed-wave mode at particular fetal stages in the sheep. The myostatin mutation changed the gene expression pattern in skeletal muscle at a transcriptome-wide level, resulting in variation in myofiber phenotype between Texel and Ujumqin sheep during the second half of gestation. Our findings provide a novel and dynamic description of the effect of myostatin on skeletal muscle development, which contributes to understanding the biology of muscle development in large mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangxing Ren
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xiang X, Zhao J, Xu G, Li Y, Zhang W. mTOR and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:501-10. [PMID: 21642276 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmr041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an evolutionarily conserved serine-threonine protein kinase, belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinase family, which contains a lipid kinase-like domain within their C-terminal region. Recent studies have revealed that mTOR as a critical intracellular molecule can sense the extracellular energy status and regulate the cell growth and proliferation in a variety of cells and tissues. This review summarizes our current understanding about the effects of mTOR on cell differentiation and tissue development, with an emphasis on the lineage determination of mesenchymal stem cells. mTOR can promote adipogenesis in white adipocytes, brown adipocytes, and muscle satellite cells, while rapamycin inhibits the adipogenic function of mTOR. mTOR signaling may function to affect osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, however, rapamycin has been reported to either inhibit or promote osteogenesis. Although the precise mechanism remains unclear, mTOR is indispensable for myogenesis. Depending on the cell type, rapamycin has been reported to inhibit, promote, or have no effect on myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
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44
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Nowick K, Fields C, Gernat T, Caetano-Anolles D, Kholina N, Stubbs L. Gain, loss and divergence in primate zinc-finger genes: a rich resource for evolution of gene regulatory differences between species. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21553. [PMID: 21738707 PMCID: PMC3126818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular changes underlying major phenotypic differences between humans and other primates are not well understood, but alterations in gene regulation are likely to play a major role. Here we performed a thorough evolutionary analysis of the largest family of primate transcription factors, the Krüppel-type zinc finger (KZNF) gene family. We identified and curated gene and pseudogene models for KZNFs in three primate species, chimpanzee, orangutan and rhesus macaque, to allow for a comparison with the curated set of human KZNFs. We show that the recent evolutionary history of primate KZNFs has been complex, including many lineage-specific duplications and deletions. We found 213 species-specific KZNFs, among them 7 human-specific and 23 chimpanzee-specific genes. Two human-specific genes were validated experimentally. Ten genes have been lost in humans and 13 in chimpanzees, either through deletion or pseudogenization. We also identified 30 KZNF orthologs with human-specific and 42 with chimpanzee-specific sequence changes that are predicted to affect DNA binding properties of the proteins. Eleven of these genes show signatures of accelerated evolution, suggesting positive selection between humans and chimpanzees. During primate evolution the most extensive re-shaping of the KZNF repertoire, including most gene additions, pseudogenizations, and structural changes occurred within the subfamily homininae. Using zinc finger (ZNF) binding predictions, we suggest potential impact these changes have had on human gene regulatory networks. The large species differences in this family of TFs stands in stark contrast to the overall high conservation of primate genomes and potentially represents a potent driver of primate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Nowick
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christopher Fields
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tim Gernat
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Derek Caetano-Anolles
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nadezda Kholina
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisa Stubbs
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kilpeläinen TO, Zillikens MC, Stančáková A, Finucane FM, Ried JS, Langenberg C, Zhang W, Beckmann JS, Luan J, Vandenput L, Styrkarsdottir U, Zhou Y, Smith AV, Zhao JH, Amin N, Vedantam S, Shin SY, Haritunians T, Fu M, Feitosa MF, Kumari M, Halldorsson BV, Tikkanen E, Mangino M, Hayward C, Song C, Arnold AM, Aulchenko YS, Oostra BA, Campbell H, Cupples LA, Davis KE, Döring A, Eiriksdottir G, Estrada K, Fernández-Real JM, Garcia M, Gieger C, Glazer NL, Guiducci C, Hofman A, Humphries SE, Isomaa B, Jacobs LC, Jula A, Karasik D, Karlsson MK, Khaw KT, Kim LJ, Kivimäki M, Klopp N, Kühnel B, Kuusisto J, Liu Y, Ljunggren Ö, Lorentzon M, Luben RN, McKnight B, Mellström D, Mitchell BD, Mooser V, Moreno JM, Männistö S, O’Connell JR, Pascoe L, Peltonen L, Peral B, Perola M, Psaty BM, Salomaa V, Savage DB, Semple RK, Skaric-Juric T, Sigurdsson G, Song KS, Spector TD, Syvänen AC, Talmud PJ, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Uitterlinden AG, van Duijn CM, Vidal-Puig A, Wild SH, Wright AF, Clegg DJ, Schadt E, Wilson JF, Rudan I, Ripatti S, Borecki IB, Shuldiner AR, Ingelsson E, Jansson JO, Kaplan RC, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Groop L, Kiel DP, Rivadeneira F, Walker M, Barroso I, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, Soranzo N, Hirschhorn JN, Stefansson K, Wichmann HE, Ohlsson C, O’Rahilly S, Wareham NJ, Speliotes EK, Fox CS, Laakso M, Loos RJF. Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduced adiposity and an impaired metabolic profile. Nat Genet 2011; 43:753-60. [PMID: 21706003 PMCID: PMC3262230 DOI: 10.1038/ng.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified 32 loci influencing body mass index, but this measure does not distinguish lean from fat mass. To identify adiposity loci, we meta-analyzed associations between ∼2.5 million SNPs and body fat percentage from 36,626 individuals and followed up the 14 most significant (P < 10(-6)) independent loci in 39,576 individuals. We confirmed a previously established adiposity locus in FTO (P = 3 × 10(-26)) and identified two new loci associated with body fat percentage, one near IRS1 (P = 4 × 10(-11)) and one near SPRY2 (P = 3 × 10(-8)). Both loci contain genes with potential links to adipocyte physiology. Notably, the body-fat-decreasing allele near IRS1 is associated with decreased IRS1 expression and with an impaired metabolic profile, including an increased visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, risk of diabetes and coronary artery disease and decreased adiponectin levels. Our findings provide new insights into adiposity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Francis M Finucane
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Janina S Ried
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jacques S Beckmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Yanhua Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, IS-201 Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - So Youn Shin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Talin Haritunians
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Mao Fu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Epidemiology, UCL, London, WC1E6 BT, UK
| | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ci Song
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alice M Arnold
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yurii S Aulchenko
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - Ben A Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702-5827, USA
| | - Kathryn E Davis
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8854, USA
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gudny Eiriksdottir
- Icelandic Heart Association, Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, IS-201 Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Girona, CIBEROBN (CB06/03/0010), 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Melissa Garcia
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9205, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicole L Glazer
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Candace Guiducci
- Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Bo Isomaa
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, 68601 Jakobstad, Finland
| | - Leonie C Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - Antti Jula
- Population Studies Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02131, USA
| | - Magnus K Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Malmö University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK
| | - Lauren J Kim
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9205, USA
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Norman Klopp
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Kühnel
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Östen Ljunggren
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Lorentzon
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert N Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2SR, UK
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Vincent Mooser
- Genetic, R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Philadelphia 19406, USA
| | - José Maria Moreno
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Girona, CIBEROBN (CB06/03/0010), 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Satu Männistö
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeffery R O’Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Laura Pascoe
- Institute of Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, Newcastle, UK
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Belén Peral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Perola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David B Savage
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Robert K Semple
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Gunnar Sigurdsson
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kijoung S Song
- Genetic, R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Philadelphia 19406, USA
| | | | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philippa J Talmud
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
- NGI, Centre for Medical Systems Biology (CMSB), Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8854, USA
| | - Eric Schadt
- Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, California 94025-1451, USA
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split 21000, Croatia
- Gen Info Ltd, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John-Olov Jansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, IS-201 Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9205, USA
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02131, USA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), The Netherlands
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015GE, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, Newcastle, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Rd., London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology and Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Sturlugata 8, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität and Klinikum Großhadern, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth K Speliotes
- Metabolism Initiative and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Caroline S Fox
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 01702, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Myers TJ, Granero-Molto F, Longobardi L, Li T, Yan Y, Spagnoli A. Mesenchymal stem cells at the intersection of cell and gene therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 10:1663-79. [PMID: 21058931 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2010.531257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Along with differentiation, MSCs can modulate inflammation, home to damaged tissues and secrete bioactive molecules. These properties can be enhanced through genetic-modification that would combine the best of both cell and gene therapy fields to treat monogenic and multigenic diseases. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW Findings demonstrating the immunomodulation, homing and paracrine activities of MSCs followed by a summary of the current research utilizing MSCs as a vector for gene therapy, focusing on skeletal disorders, but also cardiovascular disease, ischemic damage and cancer. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN MSCs are a possible therapy for many diseases, especially those related to the musculoskeletal system, as a standalone treatment, or in combination with factors that enhance the abilities of these cells to migrate, survive or promote healing through anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, differentiation, angiogenesis or delivery of cytolytic or anabolic agents. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Genetically-modified MSCs are a promising area of research that would be improved by focusing on the biology of MSCs that could lead to identification of the natural and engrafting MSC-niche and a consensus on how to isolate and expand MSCs for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Myers
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7239, USA
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