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Suzuki N, Iwamura Y, Kato K, Ishioka H, Konta Y, Sato K, Uchida N, Koida N, Sekine H, Tanaka T, Kumagai N, Nakai T. Crosstalk between oxygen signaling and iron metabolism in renal interstitial fibroblasts. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:179-184. [PMID: 38799135 PMCID: PMC11111471 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.24-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To maintain the oxygen supply, the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes) is promoted under low-oxygen conditions (hypoxia). Oxygen is carried by hemoglobin in erythrocytes, in which the majority of the essential element iron in the body is contained. Because iron metabolism is strictly controlled in a semi-closed recycling system to protect cells from oxidative stress caused by iron, hypoxia-inducible erythropoiesis is closely coordinated by regulatory systems that mobilize stored iron for hemoglobin synthesis. The erythroid growth factor erythropoietin (EPO) is mainly secreted by interstitial fibroblasts in the renal cortex, which are known as renal EPO-producing (REP) cells, and promotes erythropoiesis and iron mobilization. Intriguingly, EPO production is strongly induced by hypoxia through iron-dependent pathways in REP cells. Here, we summarize recent studies on the network mechanisms linking hypoxia-inducible EPO production, erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. Additionally, we introduce disease mechanisms related to disorders in the network mediated by REP cell functions. Furthermore, we propose future studies regarding the application of renal cells derived from the urine of kidney disease patients to investigate the molecular pathology of chronic kidney disease and develop precise and personalized medicine for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Suzuki
- Applied Oxygen Physiology Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuma Iwamura
- Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kato
- Applied Oxygen Physiology Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ishioka
- Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yusuke Konta
- Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Koji Sato
- Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nao Uchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Noa Koida
- Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sekine
- Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naonori Kumagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Taku Nakai
- Division of Oxygen Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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Lee J, Rogers HM, Springer DA, Noguchi CT. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase required for erythropoietin modulation of heart function in mice. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1338476. [PMID: 38628440 PMCID: PMC11019009 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1338476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Erythropoietin (EPO) acts primarily in regulating red blood cell production mediated by high EPO receptor (EPOR) expression in erythroid progenitor cells. EPO activity in non-erythroid tissue is evident in mice with EPOR restricted to erythroid tissues (ΔEPORE) that become obese, glucose-intolerant, and insulin-resistant. In animal models, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) contributes to EPO activities including erythropoiesis, neuroprotection, and cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, we found that extended EPO treatment to increase hematocrit compromised heart function, while the loss of neuronal NOS (nNOS) was protective against the deleterious activity of EPO to promote heart failure. Methods: Wild-type (WT) mice, ΔEPORE mice, and nNOS-knockout mice (nNOS-/-) were placed on a high-fat diet to match the ΔEPORE obese phenotype and were treated with EPO for 3 weeks. Hematocrit and metabolic response to EPO treatment were monitored. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and ultrasonography. Results: ΔEPORE mice showed a decrease in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) peak velocity, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening, showing that endogenous non-erythroid EPO response is protective for heart function. EPO treatment increased hematocrit in all mice and decreased fat mass in male WT, demonstrating that EPO regulation of fat mass requires non-erythroid EPOR. EPO treatment also compromised heart function in WT mice, and decreased the pulmonary artery peak velocity (PA peak velocity), LVOT peak velocity, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening, but it had minimal effect in further reducing the heart function in ΔEPORE mice, indicating that the adverse effect of EPO on heart function is not related to EPO-stimulated erythropoiesis. ΔEPORE mice had increased expression of heart failure-associated genes, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-related genes, and sarcomeric genes that were also elevated with EPO treatment in WT mice. Male and female nNOS-/- mice were protected against diet-induced obesity. EPO treatment in nNOS-/- mice increased the hematocrit that tended to be lower than WT mice and decreased the PA peak velocity but did not affect the LVOT peak velocity, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening, suggesting that nNOS is required for the adverse effect of EPO treatment on heart function in WT mice. EPO treatment did not change expression of heart failure-associated gene expression in nNOS-/- mice. Discussion: Endogenous EPO has a protective effect on heart function. With EPO administration, in contrast to the protective effect to the cardiac injury of acute EPO treatment, extended EPO treatment to increase hematocrit in WT mice adversely affected the heart function with a corresponding increase in expression of heart failure-associated genes. This EPO activity was independent of EPO-stimulated erythropoiesis and required EPOR in non-erythroid tissue and nNOS activity, while nNOS-/- mice were protected from the EPO-associated adverse effect on heart function. These data provide evidence that nNOS contributes to the negative impact on the heart function of high-dose EPO treatment for anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoung Lee
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heather M. Rogers
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Danielle A. Springer
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Constance T. Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Brun JF, Varlet-Marie E, Myzia J, Vachoud L, Marion B, Roques C, Raynaud de Mauverger E, Mercier J. Which sub-compartments of fat mass and fat-free mass are related to blood viscosity factors? Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024; 86:245-252. [PMID: 37781797 DOI: 10.3233/ch-238118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The size of body compartments is a determinant of several factors of blood viscosity. Red cell aggregation is proportional to fat mass while hematocrit is proportional to both fat-free mass and abdominal adiposity, but which parts of these body components are involved in this relationship is not known. Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (sBIA) provides a possibility to delineate the relationships more precisely between various subdivisions of the body and blood viscosity factors, going farther than preceding studies using non segmental BIA. In this study we investigated in 38 subjects undergoing a standardized breakfast test with mathematical modelling of glucose homeostasis and a segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (sBIA) the relationships between the various compartments of the body and viscosity factors. Blood and plasma viscosity were measured with the Anton Paar rheometer and analyzed with Quemada's model. The parameters better correlated to hematocrit are fat free mass (r = 0.562) and its two components muscle mass (r = 0.516) and non-muscular fat-free mass (r = 0.452), and also trunk fat mass (r = 0.383) and waist-to hip ratio (r = 0.394). Red cell aggregation measurements were correlated with both truncal and appendicular fat mass (r ranging between 0.603 and 0.728). Weaker correlations of M and M1 are found with waist circumference and hip circumference. This study shows that the correlation between lean mass and hematocrit involves both muscle and non-muscle moieties of lean mass, and that both central and appendicular fat are determinants of red cell aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Frédéric Brun
- Department of Endocrinology and U1046 INSERM, UMR 9214 CNRS "Physiopathologie & Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles - PHYMEDEXP", Unité d'Explorations Métaboliques (CERAMM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Département de Physiologie Clinique, Hôpital Lapeyronie CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
- UMR QualiSud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Justine Myzia
- Department of Endocrinology and U1046 INSERM, UMR 9214 CNRS "Physiopathologie & Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles - PHYMEDEXP", Unité d'Explorations Métaboliques (CERAMM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Département de Physiologie Clinique, Hôpital Lapeyronie CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Vachoud
- UMR QualiSud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bénédicte Marion
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Céline Roques
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Eric Raynaud de Mauverger
- Department of Endocrinology and U1046 INSERM, UMR 9214 CNRS "Physiopathologie & Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles - PHYMEDEXP", Unité d'Explorations Métaboliques (CERAMM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Département de Physiologie Clinique, Hôpital Lapeyronie CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Mercier
- Department of Endocrinology and U1046 INSERM, UMR 9214 CNRS "Physiopathologie & Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles - PHYMEDEXP", Unité d'Explorations Métaboliques (CERAMM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Département de Physiologie Clinique, Hôpital Lapeyronie CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Endo Y, Zhu C, Giunta E, Guo C, Koh DJ, Sinha I. The Role of Hypoxia and Hypoxia Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Physiology. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2200300. [PMID: 37817370 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia and hypoxia signaling play an integral role in regulating skeletal muscle physiology. Environmental hypoxia and tissue hypoxia in muscles cue for their appropriate physiological response and adaptation, and cause an array of cellular and metabolic changes. In addition, muscle stem cells (satellite cells), exist in a hypoxic state, and this intrinsic hypoxic state correlates with their quiescence and stemness. The mechanisms of hypoxia-mediated regulation of satellite cells and myogenesis are yet to be characterized, and their seemingly contradicting effects reported leave their exact roles somewhat perplexing. This review summarizes the recent findings on the effect of hypoxia and hypoxia signaling on the key aspects of muscle physiology, namely, stem cell maintenance and myogenesis with a particular attention given to distinguish the intrinsic versus local hypoxia in an attempt to better understand their respective regulatory roles and how their relationship affects the overall response. This review further describes their mechanistic links and their possible implications on the relevant pathologies and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yori Endo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christina Zhu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Elena Giunta
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Cynthia Guo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Daniel J Koh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Chen X, Chen W, Wang D, Ma L, Tao J, Zhang A. Subchronic Arsenite Exposure Induced Atrophy and Erythropoietin Sensitivity Reduction in Skeletal Muscle Were Relevant to Declined Serum Melatonin Levels in Middle-Aged Rats. TOXICS 2023; 11:689. [PMID: 37624196 PMCID: PMC10458431 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a kind of widespread environmental toxicant with multiorgan-toxic effects, and arsenic exposure is associated with the occurrence and development of many chronic diseases. The influence of environmental arsenic exposure on skeletal muscle, which is a vital organ of energy and glucose metabolism, has received increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate the types of inorganic arsenic-induced skeletal muscle injury, and the potential regulatory effects of melatonin (MT) and erythropoietin (EPO) in young (3-month-old) and middle-aged (12-month-old) rats. Our results showed that 1 mg/L sodium arsenite exposure for 3 months could accelerate gastrocnemius muscle atrophy and promote the switch of type II fibers to type I fibers in middle-aged rats; however, it did not cause significant pathological changes of gastrocnemius muscle in young rats. In addition, arsenite could inhibit serum MT levels, and promote serum EPO levels but inhibit EPO receptor (EPOR) expression in gastrocnemius muscle in middle-aged rats, while serum MT levels and EPOR expression in gastrocnemius muscle showed an opposite effect in young rats. Importantly, exogenous MT antagonized the arsenite-induced skeletal muscle toxic effect and restored serum EPO and gastrocnemius muscle EPOR expression levels in middle-aged rats. There was a positive correlation among gastrocnemius muscle index, serum MT level, and gastrocnemius muscle EPOR protein level in arsenite-exposed rats. This study demonstrated that inorganic arsenic could accelerate skeletal muscle mass loss and type II fiber reduction in middle-aged rats, which may be related to decreased MT secretion and declined EPO sensitivity in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (W.C.)
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Poffé C, Robberechts R, Van Thienen R, Hespel P. Exogenous ketosis elevates circulating erythropoietin and stimulates muscular angiogenesis during endurance training overload. J Physiol 2023; 601:2345-2358. [PMID: 37062892 DOI: 10.1113/jp284346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo capillarization is a primary muscular adaptation to endurance exercise training and is crucial to improving performance. Excess training load, however, impedes such beneficial adaptations, yet we recently demonstrated that such downregulation may be counteracted by ketone ester ingestion (KE) post-exercise. Therefore, we investigated whether KE could increase pro-angiogenic factors and thereby stimulate muscular angiogenesis during a 3-week endurance training-overload period involving 10 training sessions/week in healthy, male volunteers. Subjects received either 25 g of a ketone ester (KE, n = 9) or a control drink (CON, n = 9) immediately after each training session and before sleep. In KE, but not in CON, the training intervention increased the number of capillary contacts and the capillary-to-fibre perimeter exchange index by 44% and 42%, respectively. Furthermore, KE also substantially increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression both at the protein and at the mRNA level. Serum erythropoietin concentration was concomitantly increased by 26%. Conversely, in CON the training intervention increased only the protein content of eNOS. These data indicate that intermittent exogenous ketosis during endurance overload training stimulates muscular angiogenesis. This likely resulted from a direct stimulation of muscle angiogenesis, which may be at least partly due to stimulation of erythropoietin secretion and elevated VEGF activity, and/or an inhibition of the suppressive effect of overload training on the normal angiogenic response to training. This study provides novel evidence to support the potential of exogenous ketosis to benefit endurance training-induced muscular adaptation. KEY POINTS: Increased capillarization is a primary muscular adaptation to endurance exercise training. However, excess training load may impede such response. We previously observed that intermittent exogenous ketosis by post-exercise and pre-sleep ketone ester ingestion (KE) counteracted physiological dysregulations induced by endurance overload training. Therefore, we investigated whether KE could increase pro-angiogenic factors thereby stimulating muscular angiogenesis during a 3-week endurance training overload period. We show that the overload training period in the presence, but not in the absence, of KE markedly increased muscle capillarization (+40%). This increase was accompanied by higher circulating erythropoietin concentration and stimulation of the pro-angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in skeletal muscle. Collectively, our data indicate that intermittent exogenous ketosis may evolve as a potent nutritional strategy to facilitate recovery from strenuous endurance exercise, thereby stimulating beneficial muscular adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiel Poffé
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Robberechts
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruud Van Thienen
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hespel
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Wang Y, Lu J, Liu Y. Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Cardiotoxin-Induced Muscle Injury Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113380. [PMID: 36362166 PMCID: PMC9657523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries occur frequently in daily life and exercise. Understanding the mechanisms of regeneration is critical for accelerating the repair and regeneration of muscle. Therefore, this article reviews knowledge on the mechanisms of skeletal muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin-induced injury. The process of regeneration is similar in different mouse strains and is inhibited by aging, obesity, and diabetes. Exercise, microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation, and mechanical loading improve regeneration. The mechanisms of regeneration are complex and strain-dependent, and changes in functional proteins involved in the processes of necrotic fiber debris clearance, M1 to M2 macrophage conversion, SC activation, myoblast proliferation, differentiation and fusion, and fibrosis and calcification influence the final outcome of the regenerative activity.
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8
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Awida Z, Hiram-Bab S, Bachar A, Saed H, Zyc D, Gorodov A, Ben-Califa N, Omari S, Omar J, Younis L, Iden JA, Graniewitz Visacovsky L, Gluzman I, Liron T, Raphael-Mizrahi B, Kolomansky A, Rauner M, Wielockx B, Gabet Y, Neumann D. Erythropoietin Receptor (EPOR) Signaling in the Osteoclast Lineage Contributes to EPO-Induced Bone Loss in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912051. [PMID: 36233351 PMCID: PMC9570419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a pleiotropic cytokine that classically drives erythropoiesis but can also induce bone loss by decreasing bone formation and increasing resorption. Deletion of the EPO receptor (EPOR) on osteoblasts or B cells partially mitigates the skeletal effects of EPO, thereby implicating a contribution by EPOR on other cell lineages. This study was designed to define the role of monocyte EPOR in EPO-mediated bone loss, by using two mouse lines with conditional deletion of EPOR in the monocytic lineage. Low-dose EPO attenuated the reduction in bone volume (BV/TV) in Cx3cr1Cre EPORf/f female mice (27.05%) compared to controls (39.26%), but the difference was not statistically significant. To validate these findings, we increased the EPO dose in LysMCre model mice, a model more commonly used to target preosteoclasts. There was a significant reduction in both the increase in the proportion of bone marrow preosteoclasts (CD115+) observed following high-dose EPO administration and the resulting bone loss in LysMCre EPORf/f female mice (44.46% reduction in BV/TV) as compared to controls (77.28%), without interference with the erythropoietic activity. Our data suggest that EPOR in the monocytic lineage is at least partially responsible for driving the effect of EPO on bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamzam Awida
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sahar Hiram-Bab
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Almog Bachar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Hussam Saed
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Dan Zyc
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Anton Gorodov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Nathalie Ben-Califa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sewar Omari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Jana Omar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Liana Younis
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Jennifer Ana Iden
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Liad Graniewitz Visacovsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ida Gluzman
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tamar Liron
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Bitya Raphael-Mizrahi
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Albert Kolomansky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Medicine A, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (D.N.); Tel.: +972-3-6407684 (Y.G.); +972-3-6407256 (D.N.)
| | - Drorit Neumann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (D.N.); Tel.: +972-3-6407684 (Y.G.); +972-3-6407256 (D.N.)
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Gawish MF, Selim SA, Abd El-Star AA, Ahmed SM. Histological and immunohistochemical study of the effect of ozone versus erythropoietin on induced skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury in adult male rats. Ultrastruct Pathol 2022; 46:96-109. [PMID: 35130793 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2022.2035874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury of skeletal muscles is a serious problem because of its local and systemic complications. Previous studies reported that ozone and erythropoietin could alleviate IR effect on several organs. The current research is established to evaluate the possible protective role of ozone versus erythropoietin following IR injury of the gastrocnemius muscle. Fifty rats were equally divided into five groups: I control, II ischemia reperfusion (IR), III post-reperfusion ozone treated, IV post-reperfusion erythropoietin-treated, and V recovering post-reperfusion without treatment groups. The right femoral arteries of all rats were clamped for three hours to induce ischemia then clamps were released to allow reperfusion for two hours. Rats of group II were scarified immediately after reperfusion period. Rats of group III were injected with ozone just after reperfusion for 14 days. Animals of group IV were injected with erythropoietin just after reperfusion for 14 days. Rats of group V rats were kept for 2 weeks following reperfusion without treatment. Blood samples were obtained to estimate lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) enzymes. Gastrocnemius muscle was processed for measurement of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as examination by light and electron microscopes. iNOS and PCNA immunohistochemistry and statistical analysis were applied. The current results indicated that both ozone and erythropoietin could be used as protective agents reducing the muscular damage induced by IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy F Gawish
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Sally A Selim
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Alyaa A Abd El-Star
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Samah M Ahmed
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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10
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Dey S, Lee J, Noguchi CT. Erythropoietin Non-hematopoietic Tissue Response and Regulation of Metabolism During Diet Induced Obesity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:725734. [PMID: 34603036 PMCID: PMC8479821 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.725734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR) determines EPO response. High level EPOR on erythroid progenitor cells gives rise to EPO regulated production of red blood cells. Animal models provide evidence for EPO activity in non-hematopoietic tissue mediated by EPOR expression. Beyond erythropoiesis, EPO activity includes neuroprotection in brain ischemia and trauma, endothelial nitric oxide production and cardioprotection, skeletal muscle wound healing, and context dependent bone remodeling affecting bone repair or bone loss. This review highlights examples of EPO protective activity in select non-hematopoietic tissue with emphasis on metabolic response mediated by EPOR expression in fat and brain and sex-specific regulation of fat mass and inflammation associated with diet induced obesity. Endogenous EPO maintains glucose and insulin tolerance and protects against fat mass accumulation and inflammation. Accompanying the increase in erythropoiesis with EPO treatment is improved glucose tolerance and insulin response. During high fat diet feeding, EPO also decreases fat mass accumulation in male mice. The increased white adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage infiltration associated with diet induced obesity are also reduced with EPO treatment with a shift toward an anti-inflammatory state and decreased inflammatory cytokine production. In female mice the protective effect of estrogen against obesity supersedes EPO regulation of fat mass and inflammation, and requires estrogen receptor alpha activity. In brain, EPOR expression in the hypothalamus localizes to proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus that promotes a lean phenotype. EPO stimulation of proopiomelanocortin neurons increases STAT3 signaling and production of proopiomelanocortin. Cerebral EPO contributes to metabolic response, and elevated brain EPO reduces fat mass and hypothalamus inflammation during diet induced obesity in male mice without affecting EPO stimulated erythropoiesis. Ovariectomy abrogates the sex-specific metabolic response of brain EPO. The sex-dimorphic EPO metabolic response associated with fat mass accumulation and inflammation during diet induced obesity provide evidence for crosstalk between estrogen and EPO in their anti-obesity potential in female mice mediated in part via tissue specific response in brain and white adipose tissue. Endogenous and exogenous EPO response in non-hematopoietic tissue demonstrated in animal models suggests additional activity by which EPO treatment may affect human health beyond increased erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Dey
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeeyoung Lee
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Constance T Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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11
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Rauner M, Murray M, Thiele S, Watts D, Neumann D, Gabet Y, Hofbauer LC, Wielockx B. Epo/EpoR signaling in osteoprogenitor cells is essential for bone homeostasis and Epo-induced bone loss. Bone Res 2021; 9:42. [PMID: 34518518 PMCID: PMC8437981 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High erythropoietin (Epo) levels are detrimental to bone health in adult organisms. Adult mice receiving high doses of Epo lose bone mass due to suppressed bone formation and increased bone resorption. In humans, high serum Epo levels are linked to fractures in elderly men. Our earlier studies indicated that Epo modulates osteoblast activity; however, direct evidence that Epo acts via its receptor (EpoR) on osteoblasts in vivo is still missing. Here, we created mice lacking EpoR in osteoprogenitor cells to specifically address this gap. Deletion of EpoR in osteoprogenitors (EpoR:Osx-cre, cKO) starting at 5 weeks of age did not alter red blood cell parameters but increased vertebral bone volume by 25% in 12-week-old female mice. This was associated with low bone turnover. Histological (osteoblast number, bone formation rate) and serum (P1NP, osteocalcin) bone formation parameters were all reduced, as were the number of osteoclasts and TRAP serum level. Differentiation of osteoblast precursors isolated from cKO versus control mice resulted in lower expression of osteoblast marker genes including Runx2, Alp, and Col1a1 on day 21, whereas the mineralization capacity was similar. Moreover, the RANKL/OPG ratio, which determines the osteoclast-supporting potential of osteoblasts, was substantially decreased by 50%. Similarly, coculturing cKO osteoblasts with control or cKO osteoclast precursors produced significantly fewer osteoclasts than coculture with control osteoblasts. Finally, exposing female mice to Epo pumps (10 U·d−1) for 4 weeks resulted in trabecular bone loss (−25%) and increased osteoclast numbers (1.7-fold) in control mice only, not in cKO mice. Our data show that EpoR in osteoprogenitors is essential in regulating osteoblast function and osteoblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis via the RANKL/OPG axis. Thus, osteogenic Epo/EpoR signaling controls bone mass maintenance and contributes to Epo-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Marta Murray
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sylvia Thiele
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Deepika Watts
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Drorit Neumann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy & Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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12
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Tsiftsoglou AS. Erythropoietin (EPO) as a Key Regulator of Erythropoiesis, Bone Remodeling and Endothelial Transdifferentiation of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs): Implications in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082140. [PMID: 34440909 PMCID: PMC8391952 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human erythropoietin (EPO) is an N-linked glycoprotein consisting of 166 aa that is produced in the kidney during the adult life and acts both as a peptide hormone and hematopoietic growth factor (HGF), stimulating bone marrow erythropoiesis. EPO production is activated by hypoxia and is regulated via an oxygen-sensitive feedback loop. EPO acts via its homodimeric erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) that increases cell survival and drives the terminal erythroid maturation of progenitors BFU-Es and CFU-Es to billions of mature RBCs. This pathway involves the activation of multiple erythroid transcription factors, such as GATA1, FOG1, TAL-1, EKLF and BCL11A, and leads to the overexpression of genes encoding enzymes involved in heme biosynthesis and the production of hemoglobin. The detection of a heterodimeric complex of EPO-R (consisting of one EPO-R chain and the CSF2RB β-chain, CD131) in several tissues (brain, heart, skeletal muscle) explains the EPO pleotropic action as a protection factor for several cells, including the multipotent MSCs as well as cells modulating the innate and adaptive immunity arms. EPO induces the osteogenic and endothelial transdifferentiation of the multipotent MSCs via the activation of EPO-R signaling pathways, leading to bone remodeling, induction of angiogenesis and secretion of a large number of trophic factors (secretome). These diversely unique properties of EPO, taken together with its clinical use to treat anemias associated with chronic renal failure and other blood disorders, make it a valuable biologic agent in regenerative medicine for the treatment/cure of tissue de-regeneration disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asterios S Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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Nijholt KT, Meems LMG, Ruifrok WPT, Maass AH, Yurista SR, Pavez-Giani MG, Mahmoud B, Wolters AHG, van Veldhuisen DJ, van Gilst WH, Silljé HHW, de Boer RA, Westenbrink BD. The erythropoietin receptor expressed in skeletal muscle is essential for mitochondrial biogenesis and physiological exercise. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1301-1313. [PMID: 34142210 PMCID: PMC8302562 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a haematopoietic hormone that regulates erythropoiesis, but the EPO-receptor (EpoR) is also expressed in non-haematopoietic tissues. Stimulation of the EpoR in cardiac and skeletal muscle provides protection from various forms of pathological stress, but its relevance for normal muscle physiology remains unclear. We aimed to determine the contribution of the tissue-specific EpoR to exercise-induced remodelling of cardiac and skeletal muscle. Baseline phenotyping was performed on left ventricle and m. gastrocnemius of mice that only express the EpoR in haematopoietic tissues (EpoR-tKO). Subsequently, mice were caged in the presence or absence of a running wheel for 4 weeks and exercise performance, cardiac function and histological and molecular markers for physiological adaptation were assessed. While gross morphology of both muscles was normal in EpoR-tKO mice, mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle was decreased by 50%, associated with similar reductions in mitochondrial biogenesis, while mitophagy was unaltered. When subjected to exercise, EpoR-tKO mice ran slower and covered less distance than wild-type (WT) mice (5.5 ± 0.6 vs. 8.0 ± 0.4 km/day, p < 0.01). The impaired exercise performance was paralleled by reductions in myocyte growth and angiogenesis in both muscle types. Our findings indicate that the endogenous EPO-EpoR system controls mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. The reductions in mitochondrial content were associated with reduced exercise capacity in response to voluntary exercise, supporting a critical role for the extra-haematopoietic EpoR in exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten T Nijholt
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, HPC AB31, 9700 RB, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M G Meems
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, HPC AB31, 9700 RB, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem P T Ruifrok
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, HPC AB31, 9700 RB, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander H Maass
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, HPC AB31, 9700 RB, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Salva R Yurista
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, HPC AB31, 9700 RB, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mario G Pavez-Giani
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, HPC AB31, 9700 RB, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Belend Mahmoud
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, HPC AB31, 9700 RB, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk H G Wolters
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, HPC AB31, 9700 RB, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiek H van Gilst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, HPC AB31, 9700 RB, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, HPC AB31, 9700 RB, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, HPC AB31, 9700 RB, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, HPC AB31, 9700 RB, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Pircher T, Wackerhage H, Aszodi A, Kammerlander C, Böcker W, Saller MM. Hypoxic Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Maintenance and Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684899. [PMID: 34248671 PMCID: PMC8260947 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle tissue, oxygen (O2) plays a pivotal role in both metabolism and the regulation of several intercellular pathways, which can modify proliferation, differentiation and survival of cells within the myogenic lineage. The concentration of oxygen in muscle tissue is reduced during embryogenesis and pathological conditions. Myogenic progenitor cells, namely satellite cells, are necessary for muscular regeneration in adults and are localized in a hypoxic microenvironment under the basal lamina, suggesting that the O2 level could affect their function. This review presents the effects of reduced oxygen levels (hypoxia) on satellite cell survival, myoblast regeneration and differentiation in vertebrates. Further investigations and understanding of the pathways involved in adult muscle regeneration during hypoxic conditions are maybe clinically relevant to seek for novel drug treatments for patients with severe muscle damage. We especially outlined the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A), the most studied transcriptional regulator of cellular and developmental response to hypoxia, whose investigation has recently been awarded with the Nobel price.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pircher
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kammerlander
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Michael Saller
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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15
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Abstract
Renal epithelial cells show remarkable regenerative capacity to recover from acute injury, which involves specific phenotypic changes, but also significant profibrotic tubule-interstitial crosstalk. Tubule-derived profibrotic stimuli and subsequent myofibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition have been linked closely with decline of renal function and nephron loss. However, recent data have questioned the view of purely detrimental effects of myofibroblast activation in the injured kidney and even suggested its beneficial role for epithelial regeneration. This article reviews the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tubular cell turnover, new suggested pathways of proregenerative tubular-interstitial crosstalk, and relevant insights of proliferation-enhancing effects of myofibroblasts on epithelial cells in nonrenal tissues.
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16
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Noguchi CT. Erythropoietin regulates metabolic response in mice via receptor expression in adipose tissue, brain, and bone. Exp Hematol 2020; 92:32-42. [PMID: 32950599 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) acts by binding to erythroid progenitor cells to regulate red blood cell production. While EPO receptor (Epor) expression is highest on erythroid tissue, animal models exhibit EPO activity in nonhematopoietic tissues, mediated, in part, by tissue-specific Epor expression. This review describes the metabolic response in mice to endogenous EPO and EPO treatment associated with glucose metabolism, fat mass accumulation, and inflammation in white adipose tissue and brain during diet-induced obesity and with bone marrow fat and bone remodeling. During high-fat diet-induced obesity, EPO treatment improves glucose tolerance, decreases fat mass accumulation, and shifts white adipose tissue from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state. Fat mass regulation by EPO is sex dimorphic, apparent in males and abrogated by estrogen in females. Cerebral EPO also regulates fat mass and hypothalamus inflammation associated with diet-induced obesity in males and ovariectomized female mice. In bone, EPO contributes to the balance between adipogenesis and osteogenesis in both male and female mice. EPO treatment promotes bone loss mediated via Epor in osteoblasts and reduces bone marrow adipocytes before and independent of change in white adipose tissue fat mass. EPO regulation of bone loss and fat mass is independent of EPO-stimulated erythropoiesis. EPO nonhematopoietic tissue response may relate to the long-term consequences of EPO treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease and to the alternative treatment of oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors that increase endogenous EPO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Tom Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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17
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Intermittent Hypoxic Exposure with High Dose of Arginine Impact on Circulating Mediators of Tissue Regeneration. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071933. [PMID: 32610647 PMCID: PMC7400083 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent exposure to hypoxia (IHE) increases production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species which, as signalling molecules, participate in tissue injury–repair–regeneration cascade. The process is also stimulated by arginine whose bioavailability is a limiting factor for NO synthesis. The effects of IHE in combination with arginine (Arg) intake on myogenesis and angiogenesis mediators were examined in a randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Blood samples were collected from 38 elite athletes on the 1st, 7th and 14th days during the training camp. The oral doses of arginine (2 × 6 g/day) and/or IHE using hypoxicator GO2Altitude (IHE and Arg/IHE) were applied. Serum NO and H2O2 concentrations increased significantly and were related to muscle damage (CK activity >900 IU/mL) in IHE and Arg/IHE compared to placebo. The changes in NO and H2O2 elevated the levels of circulating growth factors such as HGF, IHG-1, PDGFBB, BDNF, VEGF and EPO. Modification of the lipid profile, especially reduced non-HDL, was an additional beneficial effect of hypoxic exposure with arginine intake. Intermittent hypoxic exposure combined with high-dose arginine intake was demonstrated to affect circulating mediators of injury–repair–regeneration. Therefore, a combination of IHE and arginine seems to be a potential therapeutic and non-pharmacological method to modulate the myogenesis and angiogenesis in elite athletes.
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18
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Suresh S, Rajvanshi PK, Noguchi CT. The Many Facets of Erythropoietin Physiologic and Metabolic Response. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1534. [PMID: 32038269 PMCID: PMC6984352 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, erythropoietin (EPO), produced in the kidney, is essential for bone marrow erythropoiesis, and hypoxia induction of EPO production provides for the important erythropoietic response to ischemic stress, such as during blood loss and at high altitude. Erythropoietin acts by binding to its cell surface receptor which is expressed at the highest level on erythroid progenitor cells to promote cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in production of mature red blood cells. In addition to bone marrow erythropoiesis, EPO causes multi-tissue responses associated with erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) expression in non-erythroid cells such neural cells, endothelial cells, and skeletal muscle myoblasts. Animal and cell models of ischemic stress have been useful in elucidating the potential benefit of EPO affecting maintenance and repair of several non-hematopoietic organs including brain, heart and skeletal muscle. Metabolic and glucose homeostasis are affected by endogenous EPO and erythropoietin administration affect, in part via EPOR expression in white adipose tissue. In diet-induced obese mice, EPO is protective for white adipose tissue inflammation and gives rise to a gender specific response in weight control associated with white fat mass accumulation. Erythropoietin regulation of fat mass is masked in female mice due to estrogen production. EPOR is also expressed in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and EPO administration in mice results in reduced bone independent of the increase in hematocrit. Concomitant reduction in bone marrow adipocytes and bone morphogenic protein suggests that high EPO inhibits adipogenesis and osteogenesis. These multi-tissue responses underscore the pleiotropic potential of the EPO response and may contribute to various physiological manifestations accompanying anemia or ischemic response and pharmacological uses of EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Suresh
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Praveen Kumar Rajvanshi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Constance T Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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19
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Zhang Y, Chen L, Wu P, Lang J, Chen L. Intervention with erythropoietin in sarcopenic patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture and its potential effects on postoperative rehabilitation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 20:150-155. [PMID: 31837195 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the intervention with erythropoietin (EPO) in sarcopenic patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures, and its potential effects on postoperative rehabilitation. METHODS A total of 141 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture were selected from January 2018 to January 2019. Patients (aged ≥60 years) with indications for EPO use, but without significant medical history, were selected in the present study. All patients were screened for sarcopenia, and divided into the intervention group and control group according to whether they took EPO. The intervention groups received EPO postoperatively every day for 10 days, whereas the control groups received an equal dose of normal saline. Patients' handgrip strength, appendicular skeletal muscle, duration of hospitalization and postoperative infection rate were assessed by analysis. RESULTS Among sarcopenic women, the handgrip strength was higher in the intervention group than in the control group after a week (P < 0.05). However, no significant effect was found in men (P > 0.05). The appendicular skeletal muscle increment of the intervention group with sarcopenia was markedly increased regardless of sex (P < 0.001). In addition, the postoperative infection rate was lower in the intervention group than the control group (P < 0.05), accompanied by a shorter hospital stay due to EPO administration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS EPO can improve the muscle strength of female patients with sarcopenia during the perioperative period, and increase muscle mass both of women and men. It can improve the symptoms of sarcopenia, but cannot reverse sarcopenia. Additionally, it can reduce the postoperative complications of patients with hip fracture and shorten the length of hospital stay. Therefore, postoperative administration of EPO might potentially promote rapid postoperative rehabilitation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 150-155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiou Zhang
- Wenzhou Medical University Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Li Chen
- University of Melbourne Medical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junzhe Lang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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20
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Billin AN, Honeycutt SE, McDougal AV, Kerr JP, Chen Z, Freudenberg JM, Rajpal DK, Luo G, Kramer HF, Geske RS, Fang F, Yao B, Clark RV, Lepore J, Cobitz A, Miller R, Nosaka K, Hinken AC, Russell AJ. HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibition protects skeletal muscle from eccentric contraction-induced injury. Skelet Muscle 2018; 8:35. [PMID: 30424786 PMCID: PMC6234580 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In muscular dystrophy and old age, skeletal muscle repair is compromised leading to fibrosis and fatty tissue accumulation. Therefore, therapies that protect skeletal muscle or enhance repair would be valuable medical treatments. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate gene transcription under conditions of low oxygen, and HIF target genes EPO and VEGF have been associated with muscle protection and repair. We tested the importance of HIF activation following skeletal muscle injury, in both a murine model and human volunteers, using prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors that stabilize and activate HIF. Methods Using a mouse eccentric limb injury model, we characterized the protective effects of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, GSK1120360A. We then extended these studies to examine the impact of EPO modulation and infiltrating immune cell populations on muscle protection. Finally, we extended this study with an experimental medicine approach using eccentric arm exercise in untrained volunteers to measure the muscle-protective effects of a clinical prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, daprodustat. Results GSK1120360A dramatically prevented functional deficits and histological damage, while accelerating recovery after eccentric limb injury in mice. Surprisingly, this effect was independent of EPO, but required myeloid HIF1α-mediated iNOS activity. Treatment of healthy human volunteers with high-dose daprodustat reduced accumulation of circulating damage markers following eccentric arm exercise, although we did not observe any diminution of functional deficits with compound treatment. Conclusion The results of these experiments highlight a novel skeletal muscle protective effect of prolyl hydroxylase inhibition via HIF-mediated expression of iNOS in macrophages. Partial recapitulation of these findings in healthy volunteers suggests elements of consistent pharmacology compared to responses in mice although there are clear differences between these two systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13395-018-0179-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Billin
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel E Honeycutt
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Alan V McDougal
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Jaclyn P Kerr
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Zhe Chen
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Guizhen Luo
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Henning Fritz Kramer
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Robert S Geske
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Frank Fang
- Clinical Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Bert Yao
- Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Richard V Clark
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - John Lepore
- Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Alex Cobitz
- Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Ram Miller
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Aaron C Hinken
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Alan J Russell
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA.
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21
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Viscor G, Torrella JR, Corral L, Ricart A, Javierre C, Pages T, Ventura JL. Physiological and Biological Responses to Short-Term Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure: From Sports and Mountain Medicine to New Biomedical Applications. Front Physiol 2018; 9:814. [PMID: 30038574 PMCID: PMC6046402 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the altitude acclimatization responses elicited by short-term intermittent exposure to hypoxia have been subject to renewed attention. The main goal of short-term intermittent hypobaric hypoxia exposure programs was originally to improve the aerobic capacity of athletes or to accelerate the altitude acclimatization response in alpinists, since such programs induce an increase in erythrocyte mass. Several model programs of intermittent exposure to hypoxia have presented efficiency with respect to this goal, without any of the inconveniences or negative consequences associated with permanent stays at moderate or high altitudes. Artificial intermittent exposure to normobaric hypoxia systems have seen a rapid rise in popularity among recreational and professional athletes, not only due to their unbeatable cost/efficiency ratio, but also because they help prevent common inconveniences associated with high-altitude stays such as social isolation, nutritional limitations, and other minor health and comfort-related annoyances. Today, intermittent exposure to hypobaric hypoxia is known to elicit other physiological response types in several organs and body systems. These responses range from alterations in the ventilatory pattern to modulation of the mitochondrial function. The central role played by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in activating a signaling molecular cascade after hypoxia exposure is well known. Among these targets, several growth factors that upregulate the capillary bed by inducing angiogenesis and promoting oxidative metabolism merit special attention. Applying intermittent hypobaric hypoxia to promote the action of some molecules, such as angiogenic factors, could improve repair and recovery in many tissue types. This article uses a comprehensive approach to examine data obtained in recent years. We consider evidence collected from different tissues, including myocardial capillarization, skeletal muscle fiber types and fiber size changes induced by intermittent hypoxia exposure, and discuss the evidence that points to beneficial interventions in applied fields such as sport science. Short-term intermittent hypoxia may not only be useful for healthy people, but could also be considered a promising tool to be applied, with due caution, to some pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginés Viscor
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan R. Torrella
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa Corral
- Exercise Physiology Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Ricart
- Exercise Physiology Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Casimiro Javierre
- Exercise Physiology Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Pages
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep L. Ventura
- Exercise Physiology Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Ostrowski D, Heinrich R. Alternative Erythropoietin Receptors in the Nervous System. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E24. [PMID: 29393890 PMCID: PMC5852440 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its regulatory function in the formation of red blood cells (erythropoiesis) in vertebrates, Erythropoietin (Epo) contributes to beneficial functions in a variety of non-hematopoietic tissues including the nervous system. Epo protects cells from apoptosis, reduces inflammatory responses and supports re-establishment of compromised functions by stimulating proliferation, migration and differentiation to compensate for lost or injured cells. Similar neuroprotective and regenerative functions of Epo have been described in the nervous systems of both vertebrates and invertebrates, indicating that tissue-protective Epo-like signaling has evolved prior to its erythropoietic function in the vertebrate lineage. Epo mediates its erythropoietic function through a homodimeric Epo receptor (EpoR) that is also widely expressed in the nervous system. However, identification of neuroprotective but non-erythropoietic Epo splice variants and Epo derivatives indicated the existence of other types of Epo receptors. In this review, we summarize evidence for potential Epo receptors that might mediate Epo's tissue-protective function in non-hematopoietic tissue, with focus on the nervous system. In particular, besides EpoR, we discuss three other potential neuroprotective Epo receptors: (1) a heteroreceptor consisting of EpoR and common beta receptor (βcR), (2) the Ephrin (Eph) B4 receptor and (3) the human orphan cytokine receptor-like factor 3 (CRLF3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ostrowski
- Department of Biology, Truman State University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA.
| | - Ralf Heinrich
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Zoology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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23
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Pan Y, Yang XH, Guo LL, Gu YH, Qiao QY, Jin HM. Erythropoietin Reduces Insulin Resistance via Regulation of Its Receptor-Mediated Signaling Pathways in db/db Mice Skeletal Muscle. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1329-1340. [PMID: 29104499 PMCID: PMC5666531 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) can reduce insulin resistance (IR) in adipocytes; however, it is unknown whether EPO can decrease IR in skeletal muscle. Here we investigated whether EPO could reduce IR in type 2 diabetic mouse skeletal muscle and its possible signaling mechanisms of action. Twelve-week-old db/db diabetic mice were employed in this study. Systemic use of EPO improved glucose profiles in type 2 diabetic mice after 4 and 8 weeks treatment. EPO up-regulated EPOR protein expression in skeletal muscle, and subsequently activated downstream signaling molecules such as JAK2, IRS-1, PI3K, AKT, and eNOS. We next constructed lentivirally-delivered shRNAs against EPOR and transfected skeletal muscle cells to knockdown EPOR. EPOR knockdown inhibited EPO induced JAK2, IRS-1, PI3K, AKT, eNOS signaling transduction, autophagy and Glut 4 translocation, as well as promoted apoptosis in skeletal muscle. Thus, EPO reduces skeletal muscle IR in type 2 diabetic mice via its specific receptor, EPOR. Possible mechanisms involved in its action may include increased autophagy and reduced apoptosis in type 2 diabetic skeletal muscles, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu Hong Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li Guo
- Hemodialysis Center, Baoshan Branch of Shanghai No.1 People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hong Gu
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yan Qiao
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Min Jin
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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24
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GATA2 regulates the erythropoietin receptor in t(12;21) ALL. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66061-66074. [PMID: 29029492 PMCID: PMC5630392 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The t(12;21) (p13;q22) chromosomal translocation resulting in the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene is the most frequent structural cytogenetic abnormality in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), usually associated with erythroid progenitor cells, is highly expressed in ETV6/RUNX1 positive cases compared to other B-lineage ALL subtypes. Gene expression analysis of a microarray database and direct quantitative analysis of patient samples revealed strong correlation between EPOR and GATA2 expression in ALL, and higher expression of GATA2 in t(12;21) patients. The mechanism of EPOR regulation was mainly investigated using two B-ALL cell lines: REH, which harbor and express the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene; and NALM-6, which do not. Expression of EPOR was increased in REH cells compared to NALM-6 cells. Moreover, of the six GATA family members only GATA2 was differentially expressed with substantially higher levels present in REH cells. GATA2 was shown to bind to the EPOR 5'-UTR in REH, but did not bind in NALM-6 cells. Overexpression of GATA2 led to an increase in EPOR expression in REH cells only, indicating that GATA2 regulates EPOR but is dependent on the cellular context. Both EPOR and GATA2 are hypomethylated and associated with increased mRNA expression in REH compared to NALM-6 cells. Decitabine treatment effectively reduced methylation of CpG sites in the GATA2 promoter leading to increased GATA2 expression in both cell lines. Although Decitabine also reduced an already low level of methylation of the EPOR in NALM-6 cells there was no increase in EPOR expression. Furthermore, EPOR and GATA2 are regulated post-transcriptionally by miR-362 and miR-650, respectively. Overall our data show that EPOR expression in t(12;21) B-ALL cells, is regulated by GATA2 and is mediated through epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, contingent upon the genetic subtype of the disease.
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25
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Nishizawa K, Yano T, Tanno M, Miki T, Kuno A, Tobisawa T, Ogasawara M, Muratsubaki S, Ohno K, Ishikawa S, Miura T. Chronic Treatment With an Erythropoietin Receptor Ligand Prevents Chronic Kidney Disease–Induced Enlargement of Myocardial Infarct Size. Hypertension 2016; 68:697-706. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to increase myocardial infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion. However, a strategy to prevent the CKD-induced myocardial susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury has not been developed. Here, we examined whether epoetin β pegol, a continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA), normalizes myocardial susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury by its effects on protective signaling and metabolomes in CKD. CKD was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy in rats (subtotal nephrectomy, SNx), whereas sham-operated rats served controls (Sham). Infarct size as percentage of area at risk after 20-minutes coronary occlusion/2-hour reperfusion was larger in SNx than in Sham: 60.0±4.0% versus 43.9±2.2%. Administration of CERA (0.6 μg/kg SC every 7 days) for 4 weeks reduced infarct size in SNx (infarct size as percentage of area at risk=36.9±3.9%), although a protective effect was not detected for the acute injection of CERA. Immunoblot analyses revealed that myocardial phospho-Akt-Ser473 levels under baseline conditions and on reperfusion were lower in SNx than in Sham, and CERA restored the Akt phosphorylation on reperfusion. Metabolomic analyses showed that glucose 6-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate were reduced and malate:aspartate ratio was 1.6-fold higher in SNx than in Sham, suggesting disturbed flux of malate–aspartate shuttle by CKD. The CERA improved the malate:aspartate ratio in SNx to the control level. In H9c2 cells, mitochondrial Akt phosphorylation by insulin-like growth factor-1 was attenuated by malate–aspartate shuttle inhibition. In conclusion, the results suggest that a CERA prevents CKD-induced susceptibility of the myocardium to ischemia/reperfusion injury by restoration of Akt-mediated signaling possibly via normalized malate–aspartate shuttle flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Nishizawa
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine (K.N., T.Y., M.T., T.M., A.K., T.T., M.O., S.M., K.O., S.I., T.M.) and Pharmacology (A.K.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine (K.N., T.Y., M.T., T.M., A.K., T.T., M.O., S.M., K.O., S.I., T.M.) and Pharmacology (A.K.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masaya Tanno
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine (K.N., T.Y., M.T., T.M., A.K., T.T., M.O., S.M., K.O., S.I., T.M.) and Pharmacology (A.K.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miki
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine (K.N., T.Y., M.T., T.M., A.K., T.T., M.O., S.M., K.O., S.I., T.M.) and Pharmacology (A.K.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine (K.N., T.Y., M.T., T.M., A.K., T.T., M.O., S.M., K.O., S.I., T.M.) and Pharmacology (A.K.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tobisawa
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine (K.N., T.Y., M.T., T.M., A.K., T.T., M.O., S.M., K.O., S.I., T.M.) and Pharmacology (A.K.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Makoto Ogasawara
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine (K.N., T.Y., M.T., T.M., A.K., T.T., M.O., S.M., K.O., S.I., T.M.) and Pharmacology (A.K.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shingo Muratsubaki
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine (K.N., T.Y., M.T., T.M., A.K., T.T., M.O., S.M., K.O., S.I., T.M.) and Pharmacology (A.K.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kouhei Ohno
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine (K.N., T.Y., M.T., T.M., A.K., T.T., M.O., S.M., K.O., S.I., T.M.) and Pharmacology (A.K.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoko Ishikawa
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine (K.N., T.Y., M.T., T.M., A.K., T.T., M.O., S.M., K.O., S.I., T.M.) and Pharmacology (A.K.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Departments of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine (K.N., T.Y., M.T., T.M., A.K., T.T., M.O., S.M., K.O., S.I., T.M.) and Pharmacology (A.K.), Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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Lamon S, Zacharewicz E, Arentson-Lantz E, Gatta PAD, Ghobrial L, Gerlinger-Romero F, Garnham A, Paddon-Jones D, Russell AP. Erythropoietin Does Not Enhance Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis Following Exercise in Young and Older Adults. Front Physiol 2016; 7:292. [PMID: 27458387 PMCID: PMC4937030 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a renal cytokine that is primarily involved in hematopoiesis while also playing a role in non-hematopoietic tissues expressing the EPO-receptor (EPOR). The EPOR is present in human skeletal muscle. In mouse skeletal muscle, EPO stimulation can activate the AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT) signaling pathway, the main positive regulator of muscle protein synthesis. We hypothesized that a single intravenous EPO injection combined with acute resistance exercise would have a synergistic effect on skeletal muscle protein synthesis via activation of the AKT pathway. Methods: Ten young (24.2 ± 0.9 years) and 10 older (66.6 ± 1.1 years) healthy subjects received a primed, constant infusion of [ring-13C6] L-phenylalanine and a single injection of 10,000 IU epoetin-beta or placebo in a double-blind randomized, cross-over design. 2 h after the injection, the subjects completed an acute bout of leg extension resistance exercise to stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Results: Significant interaction effects in the phosphorylation levels of the members of the AKT signaling pathway indicated a differential activation of protein synthesis signaling in older subjects when compared to young subjects. However, EPO offered no synergistic effect on vastus lateralis mixed muscle protein synthesis rate in young or older subjects. Conclusions: Despite its ability to activate the AKT pathway in skeletal muscle, an acute EPO injection had no additive or synergistic effect on the exercise-induced activation of muscle protein synthesis or muscle protein synthesis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Evelyn Zacharewicz
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily Arentson-Lantz
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lobna Ghobrial
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Frederico Gerlinger-Romero
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Douglas Paddon-Jones
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, Australia
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27
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Bilal O, Guney A, Kalender AM, Kafadar IH, Yildirim M, Dundar N. The effect of erythropoietin on biomechanical properties of the Achilles tendon during the healing process: an experimental study. J Orthop Surg Res 2016; 11:55. [PMID: 27125266 PMCID: PMC4850695 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-016-0390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to examine the potential biomechanical and histological benefits of systemic erythropoietin administration during the healing of Achilles tendon injury in a rat experimental model. Methods Eighty Sprague-Dawley female rats were included in this study. Animals were randomly assigned into two groups with 40 animals in each: erythropoietin group and control group. Then each group was further divided into four subgroups corresponding to four time points with 10 animals in each. A full-thickness cut was made on the Achilles tendon of each animal and then the tendon was sutured with modified Kessler method. Erythropoietin groups received intraperitoneal erythropoietin (500 IU/kg/day) every day at same time throughout the study period, and the control groups received saline in a similar manner. Animals were sacrificed at four time points, and tensile test was performed on each tendon sample to assess maximum load for each sample. In addition, histopathological examination and scoring was done. Results Both groups had improvement on tensile test (maximum load) over time. However, groups did not differ with regard to maximum load in any of the time points. Similarly, groups did not differ with regard to any of the histopathological scores over time. Conclusions The findings of this study do not support the benefit of systemic erythropoietin administration in Achilles tendon healing process. Further evidence from larger experimental studies is required to justify any such potential benefit. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13018-016-0390-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okkes Bilal
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sutcu Imam University Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Guney
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ali Murat Kalender
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sutcu Imam University Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Kafadar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, The Ministry of Justice, Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuh Dundar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sutcu Imam University Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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28
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Pin F, Busquets S, Toledo M, Camperi A, Lopez-Soriano FJ, Costelli P, Argilés JM, Penna F. Combination of exercise training and erythropoietin prevents cancer-induced muscle alterations. Oncotarget 2015; 6:43202-15. [PMID: 26636649 PMCID: PMC4791226 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a syndrome characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass, inflammation, anorexia and anemia, contributing to patient fatigue and reduced quality of life. In addition to nutritional approaches, exercise training (EX) has been proposed as a suitable tool to manage cachexia. In the present work the effect of mild exercise training, coupled to erythropoietin (EPO) administration to prevent anemia, has been tested in tumor-bearing mice. In the C26 hosts, acute exercise does not prevent and even worsens muscle wasting. Such pattern is prevented by EPO co-administration or by the adoption of a chronic exercise protocol. EX and EPO co-treatment spares oxidative myofibers from atrophy and counteracts the oxidative to glycolytic shift, inducing PGC-1α. LLC hosts are responsive to exercise and their treatment with the EX-EPO combination prevents the loss of muscle strength and the onset of mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations, while increases muscle oxidative capacity and intracellular ATP content, likely depending on PGC-1α induction and mitophagy promotion. Consistently, muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression prevents LLC-induced muscle atrophy and Atrogin-1 hyperexpression. Overall, the present data suggest that low intensisty exercise can be an effective tool to be included in combined therapeutic approaches against cancer cachexia, provided that anemia is coincidently treated in order to enhance the beneficial action of exercise.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia/drug therapy
- Anemia/etiology
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cachexia/etiology
- Cachexia/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epoetin Alfa/pharmacology
- Exercise Therapy/methods
- Female
- Hematinics/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Atrophy/etiology
- Muscular Atrophy/prevention & control
- Neoplasms, Experimental/complications
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Toledo
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Camperi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francisco J. Lopez-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Josep M. Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Caillaud C, Mechta M, Ainge H, Madsen AN, Ruell P, Mas E, Bisbal C, Mercier J, Twigg S, Mori TA, Simar D, Barrès R. Chronic erythropoietin treatment improves diet-induced glucose intolerance in rats. J Endocrinol 2015; 225:77-88. [PMID: 25767056 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) ameliorates glucose metabolism through mechanisms not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of EPO on glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. A 2-week EPO treatment of rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) improved fasting glucose levels and glucose tolerance, without altering total body weight or retroperitoneal fat mass. Concomitantly, EPO partially rescued insulin-stimulated AKT activation, reduced markers of oxidative stress, and restored heat-shock protein 72 expression in soleus muscles from HFD-fed rats. Incubation of skeletal muscle cell cultures with EPO failed to induce AKT phosphorylation and had no effect on glucose uptake or glycogen synthesis. We found that the EPO receptor gene was expressed in myotubes, but was undetectable in soleus. Together, our results indicate that EPO treatment improves glucose tolerance but does not directly activate the phosphorylation of AKT in muscle cells. We propose that the reduced systemic inflammation or oxidative stress that we observed after treatment with EPO could contribute to the improvement of whole-body glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Caillaud
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty of Health Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia UMR CNRS 9214 U1046 INSERM Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Physiology Department CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Department of Endocrinology Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mie Mechta
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty of Health Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia UMR CNRS 9214 U1046 INSERM Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Physiology Department CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Department of Endocrinology Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heidi Ainge
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty of Health Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia UMR CNRS 9214 U1046 INSERM Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Physiology Department CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Department of Endocrinology Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andreas N Madsen
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty of Health Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia UMR CNRS 9214 U1046 INSERM Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Physiology Department CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Department of Endocrinology Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Exercise Health and Performance Faculty of Health Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia UMR CNRS 9214 U1046 INSERM Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Physiology Department CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Department of Endocrinology Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, N
| | - Patricia Ruell
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty of Health Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia UMR CNRS 9214 U1046 INSERM Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Physiology Department CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Department of Endocrinology Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emilie Mas
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty of Health Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia UMR CNRS 9214 U1046 INSERM Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Physiology Department CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Department of Endocrinology Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Bisbal
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty of Health Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia UMR CNRS 9214 U1046 INSERM Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Physiology Department CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Department of Endocrinology Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacques Mercier
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty of Health Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia UMR CNRS 9214 U1046 INSERM Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Physiology Department CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Department of Endocrinology Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Exercise Health and Performance Faculty of Health Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia UMR CNRS 9214 U1046 INSERM Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Physiology Department CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Department of Endocrinology Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, N
| | - Stephen Twigg
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty of Health Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia UMR CNRS 9214 U1046 INSERM Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Physiology Department CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Department of Endocrinology Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty of Health Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia UMR CNRS 9214 U1046 INSERM Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Physiology Department CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Department of Endocrinology Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Simar
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty of Health Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia UMR CNRS 9214 U1046 INSERM Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Physiology Department CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Department of Endocrinology Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Romain Barrès
- Exercise Health and Performance Faculty of Health Sciences, and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark School of Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia UMR CNRS 9214 U1046 INSERM Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Physiology Department CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France Department of Endocrinology Sydney Medical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia Inflammation and Infection Research School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Christensen B, Nellemann B, Thorsen K, Nielsen MM, Pedersen SB, Ornstrup MJ, JØrgensen JOL, Jessen N. Prolonged erythropoietin treatment does not impact gene expression in human skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 2015; 51:554-61. [PMID: 25088500 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We tested for the presence of erythropoietin receptor (Epo-R) in human skeletal muscle and alterations in gene expression after prolonged use of an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA). METHODS Nine healthy men were treated with ESA for 10 weeks (darbepoietin alfa). Muscle biopsies were collected before and after treatment. Alterations in gene expression were evaluated by gene array. Western blot and PCR analysis were used to test for Epo-R presence in human skeletal muscle. RESULTS Very low Epo-R mRNA levels were found, but a new and sensitive antibody did not identify Epo-R protein in human skeletal muscle. The between-subject variation in skeletal muscle gene expression was greater than that observed in response to prolonged ESA treatment. CONCLUSIONS Erythropoietin is unlikely to exert direct effects in human skeletal muscle due to a lack of Epo-R protein. Furthermore, prolonged ESA treatment does not seem to exert either direct or indirect effects on skeletal muscle gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Christensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, NBG/THG, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Medical Research Laboratories, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Section of Sports Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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31
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Collino M, Benetti E, Rogazzo M, Chiazza F, Mastrocola R, Nigro D, Cutrin JC, Aragno M, Fantozzi R, Minetto MA, Thiemermann C. A non-erythropoietic peptide derivative of erythropoietin decreases susceptibility to diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5802-15. [PMID: 25164531 PMCID: PMC4290718 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The haematopoietic activity of erythropoietin (EPO) is mediated by the classic EPO receptor (EpoR) homodimer, whereas tissue-protective effects are mediated by a heterocomplex between EpoR and the β-common receptor (βcR). Here, we investigated the effects of a novel, selective ligand of this heterocomplex - pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide (pHBSP) - in mice fed a diet enriched in sugars and saturated fats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS) for 22 weeks. pHBSP (30 μg·kg(-1) s.c.) was administered for the last 11 weeks. Biochemical assays, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations and Western blotting were performed on serum and target organs (liver, kidney and skeletal muscle). KEY RESULTS Mice fed with HFHS diet exhibited insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia, hepatic lipid accumulation and kidney dysfunction. In gastrocnemius muscle, HFHS impaired the insulin signalling pathway and reduced membrane translocation of glucose transporter type 4 and glycogen content. Treatment with pHBSP ameliorated renal function, reduced hepatic lipid deposition, and normalized serum glucose and lipid profiles. These effects were associated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Diet-induced overproduction of the myokines IL-6 and fibroblast growth factor-21 were attenuated by pHBSP and, most importantly, pHBSP markedly enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Chronic treatment of mice with an EPO derivative, devoid of haematopoietic effects, improved metabolic abnormalities induced by a high-fat high-sucrose diet, by affecting several levels of the insulin signalling and inflammatory cascades within skeletal muscle, while enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Collino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - E Benetti
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - M Rogazzo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - F Chiazza
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - R Mastrocola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - D Nigro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - J C Cutrin
- Department of Biotechnology and Sciences for the Health, University of TurinItaly
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas, ININCA-CONICETBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Aragno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - R Fantozzi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - M A Minetto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - C Thiemermann
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
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Mangan G, Bombardier E, Mitchell AS, Quadrilatero J, Tiidus PM. Oestrogen-dependent satellite cell activation and proliferation following a running exercise occurs via the PI3K signalling pathway and not IGF-1. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 212:75-85. [PMID: 24862866 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to determine whether 17β-estradiol (E2) enhances the activation, proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells (SC) following eccentric exercise either via insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling. METHODS This study used 64, 9-week-old, ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats that were divided into eight treatments groups based on oestrogen status (0.25 mg oestrogen pellet or sham), exercise status (90 min run @ 17 m min(-1), -13.5° or unexercised) and PI3K signalling inhibition (0.7 mg wortmannin kg(-1) body weight or DMSO control). RESULTS Significant increases in total SCs were found in both soleus and white gastrocnemius muscles (immunofluorescent co-localization of Pax7(+) nuclei) 72 h following eccentric exercise (P < 0.05). Oestrogen supplementation caused a further enhancement in total SCs in exercised rats (P < 0.05). In animals where the PI3K pathway was inhibited, regardless of oestrogen or exercise status, there was no significant enhancement of SC number in both the soleus or white gastrocnemius muscles. Interestingly, oestrogen supplementation lowered muscle levels of IGF-1 with this effect being most prominent in the soleus muscle. While IGF-1 was increased following exercise (P < 0.05), oestrogen supplementation abrogated this increase back to sedentary levels. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the increase in SC population following exercise in oestrogen-supplemented females may be mediated via PI3K pathway signalling and not IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Mangan
- Departments of Kinesiology and Physical Education and Health Sciences; Wilfrid Laurier University; Waterloo ON Canada
| | - E. Bombardier
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON Canada
| | - A. S. Mitchell
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON Canada
| | - J. Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON Canada
| | - P. M. Tiidus
- Departments of Kinesiology and Physical Education and Health Sciences; Wilfrid Laurier University; Waterloo ON Canada
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Three novel serum biomarkers, miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-206 for Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, and Becker muscular dystrophy. Environ Health Prev Med 2014; 19:452-8. [PMID: 25150707 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-014-0405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Muscular dystrophies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited myogenic disorders. In clinical tests for these diseases, creatine kinase (CK) is generally used as diagnostic blood-based biomarker. However, because CK levels can be altered by various other factors, such as vigorous exercise, etc., false positive is observed. Therefore, three microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-206, were previously reported as alternative biomarkers for duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, no alternative biomarkers have been established for the other muscular dystrophies. METHODS We, therefore, evaluated whether these miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-206 can be used as powerful biomarkers using the serum from muscular dystrophy patients including DMD, myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1), limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), and distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (DMRV) by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification assay. RESULTS Statistical analysis indicated that all these miRNA levels in serum represented no significant differences between all muscle disorders examined in this study and controls by Bonferroni correction. However, some of these indicated significant differences without correction for testing multiple diseases (P < 0.05). The median values of miR-1 levels in the serum of patients with LGMD, FSHD, and BMD were approximately 5.5, 3.3 and 1.7 compared to that in controls, 0.68, respectively. Similarly, those of miR-133a and miR-206 levels in the serum of BMD patients were about 2.5 and 2.1 compared to those in controls, 1.03 and 1.32, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data demonstrate that levels of miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-206 in serum of BMD and miR-1 in sera of LGMD and FSHD patients showed no significant differences compared with those of controls by Bonferroni correction. However, the results might need increase in sample sizes to evaluate these three miRNAs as variable biomarkers.
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Wang L, Di L, Noguchi CT. Erythropoietin, a novel versatile player regulating energy metabolism beyond the erythroid system. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:921-39. [PMID: 25170305 PMCID: PMC4147225 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.9518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), the required cytokine for promoting the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid cells to stimulate erythropoiesis, has been reported to act as a pleiotropic cytokine beyond hematopoietic system. The various activities of EPO are determined by the widespread distribution of its cell surface EPO receptor (EpoR) in multiple tissues including endothelial, neural, myoblasts, adipocytes and other cell types. EPO activity has been linked to angiogenesis, neuroprotection, cardioprotection, stress protection, anti-inflammation and especially the energy metabolism regulation that is recently revealed. The investigations of EPO activity in animals and the expression analysis of EpoR provide more insights on the potential of EPO in regulating energy metabolism and homeostasis. The findings of crosstalk between EPO and some important energy sensors and the regulation of EPO in the cellular respiration and mitochondrial function further provide molecular mechanisms for EPO activity in metabolic activity regulation. In this review, we will summarize the roles of EPO in energy metabolism regulation and the activity of EPO in tissues that are tightly associated with energy metabolism. We will also discuss the effects of EPO in regulating oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function, the interactions between EPO and important energy regulation factors, and the protective role of EPO from stresses that are related to metabolism, providing a brief overview of previously less appreciated EPO biological function in energy metabolism and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, SAR of People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Di
- 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, SAR of People's Republic of China
| | - Constance Tom Noguchi
- 2. Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Dey S, Alnaeeli M, Suresh S, Rogers H, Teng R, Noguchi CT. Erythropoietin action in stress response, tissue maintenance and metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10296-333. [PMID: 24918289 PMCID: PMC4100153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) regulation of red blood cell production and its induction at reduced oxygen tension provides for the important erythropoietic response to ischemic stress. The cloning and production of recombinant human EPO has led to its clinical use in patients with anemia for two and half decades and has facilitated studies of EPO action. Reports of animal and cell models of ischemic stress in vitro and injury suggest potential EPO benefit beyond red blood cell production including vascular endothelial response to increase nitric oxide production, which facilitates oxygen delivery to brain, heart and other non-hematopoietic tissues. This review discusses these and other reports of EPO action beyond red blood cell production, including EPO response affecting metabolism and obesity in animal models. Observations of EPO activity in cell and animal model systems, including mice with tissue specific deletion of EPO receptor (EpoR), suggest the potential for EPO response in metabolism and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Li Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Soumyadeep Dey
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Mawadda Alnaeeli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH 43701, USA.
| | - Sukanya Suresh
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Heather Rogers
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ruifeng Teng
- Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Constance Tom Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Lamon S, Zacharewicz E, Stephens AN, Russell AP. EPO-receptor is present in mouse C2C12 and human primary skeletal muscle cells but EPO does not influence myogenesis. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00256. [PMID: 24760510 PMCID: PMC4002236 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and regulation of the pleiotropic cytokine erythropoietin (EPO) in skeletal muscle are controversial. EPO exerts its effects by binding its specific receptor (EPO‐R), which activates intracellular signaling and gene transcription in response to internal and external stress signals. EPO is suggested to play a direct role in myogenesis via the EPO‐R, but several studies have questioned the effect of EPO treatment in muscle in vitro and in vivo. The lack of certainty surrounding the use of nonspecific EPO‐R antibodies contributes to the ambiguity of the field. Our study demonstrates that the EPO‐R gene and protein are expressed at each stage of mouse C2C12 and human skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation and validates a specific antibody for the detection of the EPO‐R protein. However, in our experimental conditions, EPO treatment had no effect on mouse C2C12 and human muscle cell proliferation, differentiation, protein synthesis or EPO‐R expression. While an increase in Akt and MAPK phosphorylation was observed, we demonstrate that this effect resulted from the stress caused by changing medium and not from EPO treatment. We therefore suggest that skeletal muscle EPO‐R might be present in a nonfunctional form, or too lowly expressed to play a role in muscle cell function. The EPO‐R is expressed at the gene and protein level in mouse and human myoblasts and myotubes. However, EPO treatment does not seem to activate the EPO‐R and its downstream signaling pathways in skeletal muscle cells, questioning its functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lamon
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Lamon S, Russell AP. The role and regulation of erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor in skeletal muscle: how much do we really know? Front Physiol 2013; 4:176. [PMID: 23874302 PMCID: PMC3710958 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) primarily activates erythroid cell proliferation and growth and is active in several types of non-hematopoietic cells via its interaction with the EPO-receptor (EPO-R). This review focuses on the role of EPO in skeletal muscle. The EPO-R is expressed in skeletal muscle cells and EPO may promote myoblast differentiation and survival via the activation of the same signaling cascades as in hematopoietic cells, such as STAT5, MAPK and Akt. Inconsistent results exist with respect to the detection of the EPO-R mRNA and protein in muscle cells, tissue and across species and the use of non-specific EPO-R antibodies contributes to this problem. Additionally, the inability to reproducibly detect an activation of the known EPO-induced signaling pathways in skeletal muscle questions the functionality of the EPO-R in muscle in vivo. These equivocal findings make it difficult to distinguish between a direct effect of EPO on skeletal muscle, via the activation of its receptor, and an indirect effect resulting from a better oxygen supply to the muscle. Consequently, the precise role of EPO in skeletal muscle and its regulatory mechanism/s remain to be elucidated. Further studies are required to comprehensively establish the importance of EPO and its function in skeletal muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lamon
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Burwood, VIC, Australia
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Dame C. GATA4: the missing link between Epo and cardioprotection?! Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:e19-e20. [PMID: 23541168 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang L, Jia Y, Rogers H, Suzuki N, Gassmann M, Wang Q, McPherron AC, Kopp JB, Yamamoto M, Noguchi CT. Erythropoietin contributes to slow oxidative muscle fiber specification via PGC-1α and AMPK activation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1155-64. [PMID: 23523698 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin activity, required for erythropoiesis, is not restricted to the erythroid lineage. In light of reports on the metabolic effects of erythropoietin, we examined the effect of erythropoietin signaling on skeletal muscle fiber type development. Skeletal muscles that are rich in slow twitch fibers are associated with increased mitochondrial oxidative activity and corresponding expression of related genes compared to muscle rich in fast twitch fibers. Although erythropoietin receptor is expressed on muscle progenitor/precursor cells and is down regulated in mature muscle fibers, we found that skeletal muscles from mice with high erythropoietin production in vivo exhibit an increase in the proportion of slow twitch myofibers and increased mitochondrial activity. In comparison, skeletal muscle from wild type mice and mice with erythropoietin activity restricted to erythroid tissue have fewer slow twitch myofibers and reduced mitochondrial activity. PGC-1α activates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and converts the fast myofibers to slow myofibers when overexpressed in skeletal muscle and PGC-1α was elevated by 2-fold in mice with high erythropoietin. In vitro erythropoietin treatment of primary skeletal myoblasts increased mitochondrial biogenesis gene expression including PGC-1α by 2.6-fold, CytC by 2-fold, oxygen consumption rate by 2-fold, and citrate synthase activity by 58%. Erythropoietin also increases AMPK, which induces PGC-1α and stimulates slow oxidative fiber formation. These data suggest that erythropoietin contributes to skeletal muscle fiber programming and metabolism, and increases PGC-1α and AMPK activity during muscle development directly to affect the proportion of slow/fast twitch myofibers in mature skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1822, United States
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Esposito A, Campana L, Palmisano A, De Cobelli F, Canu T, Santarella F, Colantoni C, Monno A, Vezzoli M, Pezzetti G, Manfredi AA, Rovere-Querini P, Del Maschio A. Magnetic resonance imaging at 7T reveals common events in age-related sarcopenia and in the homeostatic response to muscle sterile injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59308. [PMID: 23555016 PMCID: PMC3595251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle remodeling in response to various noxae physiologically includes structural changes and inflammatory events. The possibility to study those phenomena in-vivo has been hampered by the lack of validated imaging tools. In our study, we have relied on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for quantitative monitoring of muscle changes in mice experiencing age-related sarcopenia or active regeneration after sterile acute injury of tibialis anterior muscle induced by cardiotoxin (CTX) injection. The extent of myofibrils’ necrosis, leukocyte infiltration, and regeneration have been evaluated and compared with parameters from magnetic resonance imaging: T2-mapping (T2 relaxation time; T2-rt), diffusion-tensor imaging (fractional anisotropy, F.A.) and diffusion weighted imaging (apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC). Inflammatory leukocytes within the perimysium and heterogeneous size of fibers characterized aged muscles. They displayed significantly increased T2-rt (P<0.05) and F.A. (P<0.05) compared with young muscles. After acute damage T2-rt increased in otherwise healthy young muscles with a peak at day 3, followed by a progressive decrease to basal values. F.A. dropped 24 hours after injury and afterward increased above the basal level in the regenerated muscle (from day 7 to day 15) returning to the basal value at the end of the follow up period. The ADC displayed opposite kinetics. T2-rt positively correlated with the number of infiltrating leucocytes retrieved by immunomagnetic bead sorting from the tissue (r = 0.92) and with the damage/infiltration score (r = 0.88) while F.A. correlated with the extent of tissue regeneration evaluated at various time points after injury (r = 0.88). Our results indicate that multiparametric MRI is a sensitive and informative tool for monitoring inflammatory and structural muscle changes in living experimental animals; particularly, it allows identifying the increase of T2-rt and F.A. as common events reflecting inflammatory infiltration and muscle regeneration in the transient response of the tissue to acute injury and in the persistent adaptation to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Esposito
- Department of Radiology and Preclinical MR and US Facility of Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
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Wang L, Jia Y, Rogers H, Wu YP, Huang S, Noguchi CT. GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA-4) and T-cell acute leukemia 1 (TAL1) regulate myogenic differentiation and erythropoietin response via cross-talk with Sirtuin1 (Sirt1). J Biol Chem 2012; 287:30157-69. [PMID: 22773876 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.376640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), the cytokine required for erythrocyte production, contributes to muscle progenitor cell proliferation and delay myogenic differentiation. However, the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. Here, we report that EPO changes the skeletal myogenic regulatory factor expression program and delays differentiation via induction of GATA-4 and the basic helix-loop-helix TAL1 and that knockdown of both factors promotes differentiation. EPO increases the Sirt1 level, a NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, and also induces the NAD(+)/NADH ratio that further increases Sirt1 activity. Sirt1 knockdown reduced GATA-4 and TAL1 expression, impaired EPO effect on delayed myogenic differentiation, and the Sirt1 knockdown effect was abrogated when combined with overexpression of GATA-4 or TAL1. GATA-4 interacts with Sirt1 and targets Sirt1 to the myogenin promoter and represses myogenin expression, whereas TAL1 inhibits myogenin expression by decreasing MyoD binding to and activation of the myogenin promoter. Sirt1 was found to bind to the GATA-4 promoter to directly regulate GATA-4 expression and GATA-4 binds to the TAL1 promoter to regulate TAL1 expression positively. These data suggest that GATA-4, TAL1, and Sirt1 cross-talk each other to regulate myogenic differentiation and mediate EPO activity during myogenic differentiation with Sirt1 playing a role upstream of GATA-4 and TAL1. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel role for GATA-4 and TAL1 to affect skeletal myogenic differentiation and EPO response via cross-talk with Sirt1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Molecular Medicine Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1822, USA
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