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Abouzid M, Burchardt P, Kagan L, Główka F, Karaźniewicz-Łada M. Associations between vitamin D status, VDR gene polymorphisms and echocardiographic markers in Polish patients with cardiovascular disease. Future Cardiol 2024; 20:123-135. [PMID: 38597392 PMCID: PMC11216514 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2023-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This work was designed to investigate the associations between vitamin D metabolites, VDR gene polymorphisms and echocardiographic markers in a population of patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: Echocardiographic markers for 42 patients were determined with tissue Doppler techniques. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis identified genetic variants ApaI, TaqI, BsmI and FokI. A validated UHPLC-MS/MS method determined vitamin D metabolites. Results: Patients with the ApaI-GT genotype exhibited a lower pressure gradient across the aortic valve than ApaI-TT carriers. BMI, ApaI-GT, TaqI-TC, aortic arch diameter and maximal pressure gradient were significant univariate predictors of hypertension. Conclusion: A potential link exists between VDR gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abouzid
- Department of Physical Pharmacy & Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Burchardt
- Department of Hypertension, Angiology, & Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, J. Struś Hospital, 61-285 Poznan, Poland
| | - Leonid Kagan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Translational Research and Education, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Franciszek Główka
- Department of Physical Pharmacy & Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy & Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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Cui P, Hou H, Song B, Xia Z, Xu Y. Vitamin D and ischemic stroke - Association, mechanisms, and therapeutics. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102244. [PMID: 38395199 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Confronting the rising tide of ischemic stroke and its associated mortality and morbidity with ageing, prevention and acute management of ischemic stroke is of paramount importance. Mounting observational studies have established a non-linear association of vitamin D status with cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke. Paradoxically, current clinical trials fail to demonstrate the cardiovascular benefits of vitamin D supplementation. We aim to update recent clinical and experimental findings on the role of vitamin D in the disease course of ischemic stroke, from its onset, progression, recovery, to recurrence, and the established and alternative possible pathophysiological mechanisms. This review justifies the necessities to address stroke etiological subtypes and focus on vitamin D-deficient subjects for investigating the potential of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive and therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke. Well-powered clinical trials are warranted to determine the efficacy, safety, timing, target individuals, optimal dosages, and target 25OHD concentrations of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Cui
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, Translation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiman Hou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zongping Xia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, Translation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Shakarami A. Association Between Nutrients and Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:CCR-EPUB-137030. [PMID: 38185894 PMCID: PMC11071670 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x263414231101095310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute a leading cause of global mortality. Inflammation and oxidative stress are key molecular underpinnings of CVD pathogenesis. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted role of nutrients in cardiovascular health beyond their impact on cardiac events. The manuscript examines the influence of macronutrients such as fats and carbohydrates, as well as micronutrients including vitamins and folate, on CVD. Additionally, the interplay between dietary supplements and CVD risk reduction is investigated. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse mechanisms through which nutrients contribute to cardiovascular well-being, addressing both cardioprotective effects and their broader implications. Through an analysis of pertinent studies, we illuminate the complex relationship between nutrition, lifestyle, and cardiovascular health, underscoring the significance of a holistic approach to CVD prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shakarami
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Kello N, Cho YM. Natural supplements in antiphospholipid syndrome: A case for further study. Clin Immunol 2024; 258:109848. [PMID: 38036277 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by thrombotic events and/or pregnancy complications in the presence of persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Although long-term anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists is considered standard of care, there is an unmet need for safe therapeutics as primary thromboprophylaxis or adjuncts to standard of care in APS. APS is driven by oxidative stress, procoagulant, proinflammatory and angiogenic pathways. For these reasons there has been an increased interest into the investigation of antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of natural supplements in APS. The objective of this review is to summarize the mechanistic, epidemiologic and clinical evidence behind the use of natural supplements in APS, with a specific focus on vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, gingerol, and isoquercetin. This review should serve as a compelling argument for the future study of natural supplements in APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kello
- Northwell Health, Division of Rheumatology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Great Neck, NY, United States of America.
| | - Young Min Cho
- Northwell Health, Division of Rheumatology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Great Neck, NY, United States of America
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Al Sulaiman K, Korayem GB, Aljuhani O, Altebainawi AF, Shawaqfeh MS, Alarfaj SJ, Alharbi RA, Ageeli MM, Alissa A, Vishwakarma R, Ibrahim A, Alenazi AA, Alghnam S, Alshehri N, Alshammari MM, Alhubaishi A, Aldhaeefi M, Alamri FF, Syed Y, Khan R, Alalawi M, Alanazi KA, Alresayes FS, Albarqi KJ, Al Ghamdi G. Survival implications vs. complications: unraveling the impact of vitamin D adjunctive use in critically ill patients with COVID-19-A multicenter cohort study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1237903. [PMID: 37692775 PMCID: PMC10484515 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1237903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite insufficient evidence, vitamin D has been used as adjunctive therapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19. This study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of vitamin D as an adjunctive therapy in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study that included all adult COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) between March 2020 and July 2021. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their vitamin D use throughout their ICU stay (control vs. vitamin D). The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were the length of stay (LOS), mechanical ventilation (MV) duration, and ICU-acquired complications. Propensity score (PS) matching (1:1) was used based on the predefined criteria. Multivariable logistic, Cox proportional hazards, and negative binomial regression analyses were employed as appropriate. Results A total of 1,435 patients were included in the study. Vitamin D was initiated in 177 patients (12.3%), whereas 1,258 patients did not receive it. A total of 288 patients were matched (1:1) using PS. The in-hospital mortality showed no difference between patients who received vitamin D and the control group (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.87-1.71; p = 0.26). However, MV duration and ICU LOS were longer in the vitamin D group (beta coefficient 0.24 (95% CI 0.00-0.47), p = 0.05 and beta coefficient 0.16 (95% CI -0.01 to 0.33), p = 0.07, respectively). As an exploratory outcome, patients who received vitamin D were more likely to develop major bleeding than those who did not [OR 3.48 (95% CI 1.10, 10.94), p = 0.03]. Conclusion The use of vitamin D as adjunctive therapy in COVID-19 critically ill patients was not associated with survival benefits but was linked with longer MV duration, ICU LOS, and higher odds of major bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al Sulaiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Population Health Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Critical Care Pharmacy Research (SCAPE) Platform, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazwa B. Korayem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Aljuhani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali F. Altebainawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Salman Specialist Hospital, Hail Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S. Shawaqfeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaiah J. Alarfaj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham A. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacy, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mawaddah M. Ageeli
- Department of Pharmacy, Prince Faisal Bin Khalid Cardiac Center PFKCC, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alissa
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesh Vishwakarma
- Department of Statistics, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alnada Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A. Alenazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Alghnam
- Population Health Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiyah Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqbulah M. Alshammari
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Salman Specialist Hospital, Hail Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alhubaishi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aldhaeefi
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Faisal F. Alamri
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yadullah Syed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raymond Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Alalawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf A. Alanazi
- Department of Respiratory, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal S. Alresayes
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid J. Albarqi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghassan Al Ghamdi
- Department of Intensive Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Carbone F, Liberale L, Libby P, Montecucco F. Vitamin D in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:2078-2094. [PMID: 36943351 PMCID: PMC10281557 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Both experimental and clinical findings linking vitamin D to cardiovascular (CV) risk have prompted consideration of its supplementation to improve overall health. Yet several meta-analyses do not provide support for the clinical effectiveness of this strategy. Meanwhile, the understanding of the roles of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of CV diseases has evolved. Specifically, recent work has revealed some non-classical pleiotropic effects of vitamin D, increasing the complexity of vitamin D signalling. Within particular microenvironments (e.g. dysfunctional adipose tissue and atherosclerotic plaque), vitamin D can act locally at cellular level through intracrine/autocrine/paracrine feedforward and feedback circuits. Within atherosclerotic tissues, 'local' vitamin D levels may influence relevant systemic consequences independently of its circulating pool. Moreover, vitamin D links closely to other signalling pathways of CV relevance including those driving cellular senescence, ageing, and age-related diseases-among them CV conditions. This review updates knowledge on vitamin D biology aiming to clarify the widening gap between experimental and clinical evidence. It highlights the potential reverse causation confounding correlation between vitamin D status and CV health, and the need to consider novel pathophysiological concepts in the design of future clinical trials that explore the effects of vitamin D on atherosclerosis and risk of CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
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Romero-Ibarguengoitia ME, Gutiérrez-González D, Cantú-López C, Sanz-Sánchez MÁ, González-Cantú A. Effect of Vitamin D 3 Supplementation vs. Dietary-Hygienic Measures on SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rates in Hospital Workers with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] Levels ≥20 ng/mL. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020282. [PMID: 36838247 PMCID: PMC9960325 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is scant information on the effect of supplementation with vitamin D3 in SARS-CoV-2 infection cases when patient 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels are between 20-100 ng/mL. We aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with vitamin D3 vs. dietary-hygienic measures on the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in participants with serum 25(OH)D3 levels ≥20 ng/mL. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental. We invited hospital workers with 25(OH)D3 levels between 20-100 ng/mL and no previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. They were randomized as follows: treatment options were a) vitamin D3 supplementation (52,000 IU monthly, G1) or b) dietary-hygienic measures (G2). We conducted a 3- to 6-month follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Participants with 25(OH)D3 levels <20 ng/mL were also analyzed. We divided these latter participants depending on whether they were supplemented (G3) or not (G4). Results: We analyzed 198 participants, with an average age of 44.4 (SD 9) years, and 130 (65.7%) were women. G1 had fewer cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection than G2 after a follow-up of 3- to 6-months (p < 0.05). There were no differences between G3 and G4 at the 3- and 6-month follow-up cutoff points (p > 0.05). Using a mixed effect Cox regression analysis in the 164 participants that completed six months of follow-up, vitamin D3 supplementation appeared to act as a protective factor against SARS-CoV-2 infection (HR 0.21, p = 0.008) in G1 and G2. None of the participants treated with the supplementation doses had serum 25(OH)D3 levels >100 ng/mL. Conclusions: Vitamin D3 supplementation in participants with 25(OH)D3 levels between 20-100 ng/mL have a lower rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the use of dietary-hygienic measures at six months follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia
- Department of Research, Hospital Clínica Nova, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, NL, Mexico
| | - Dalia Gutiérrez-González
- Department of Research, Hospital Clínica Nova, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, NL, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cantú-López
- Department of Research, Hospital Clínica Nova, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, NL, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Sanz-Sánchez
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, NL, Mexico
- General Management, Hospital Clínica Nova, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo González-Cantú
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, NL, Mexico
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Clínica Nova, Av. del Bosque 139, Cuauhtémoc, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +52-81-8865-5656
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Identification of potential M2 macrophage-associated diagnostic biomarkers in coronary artery disease. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231928. [PMID: 36222281 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND M2 macrophages have been reported to be important in the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Thus, the present study aims at exploring the diagnostic value of M2 macrophage-associated genes in CAD. METHODS Transcriptome profile of CAD and control samples were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The proportion of immune cells was analyzed using cell type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was carried out to screen the relevant module associated with M2 macrophages. Differential CAD and control samples of expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the limma R package. Functional enrichment analysis by means of the clusterProfiler R package. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest (RF) algorithms were carried out to select signature genes. Receiver operating curves (ROC) were plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of selected signature genes. The expressions of potential diagnostic markers were validated by RT-qPCR. The ceRNA network of diagnostic biomarkers was constructed via miRwalk and Starbase database. CMap database was used to screen candidate drugs in the treatment of CAD by targeting diagnostic biomarkers. RESULTS A total of 166 M2 macrophage-associated genes were identified by WGCNA. By intersecting those genes with 879 DEGs, 53 M2 macrophage-associated DEGs were obtained in the present study. By LASSO, RF, and ROC analyses, C1orf105, CCL22, CRYGB, FRK, GAP43, REG1P, CALB1, and PTPN21 were identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers. RT-qPCR showed the consistent expression patterns of diagnostic biomarkers between GEO dataset and clinical samples. Perhexiline, alimemazine and mecamylamine were found to be potential drugs in the treatment of CAD. CONCLUSION We identified eight M2 macrophage-associated diagnostic biomarkers and candidate drugs for the CAD treatment.
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The Association between Serum Vitamin D Concentration and New Inflammatory Biomarkers-Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) and Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIRI)-In Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194212. [PMID: 36235864 PMCID: PMC9570511 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) increases every year. This cardiovascular disease has an inflammatory factor in its etiology due to different immune cells that influence atherogenesis. New inflammatory biomarkers—the Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) and the Systemic Inflammatory Response (SIRI)—attempt to describe the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance and quantify the complex impact of the immune system on atherosclerosis, while vitamin D has a multidirectional impact on the human body, including the cardiovascular and immune systems. Hence, the objective of this research was to analyze the association between SII and SIRI and serum vitamin D concentrations in patients with IHD. A significant correlation was observed between SIRI and 25(OH)D in the whole group and between both biomarkers (SII and SIRI) and 25(OH)D in the group of patients with ACS but not in the group of patients with stable IHD. The role of vitamin D in IHD complications and its association with new inflammatory biomarkers requires further well-designed, large-scale research.
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NT-proBNP Levels Influence the Prognostic Value of Mineral Metabolism Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144153. [PMID: 35887917 PMCID: PMC9319637 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Mineral metabolism (MM) system and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) have been shown to add prognostic value in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). However, the influence of NT-ProBNP on the prognostic role of MM in patients with SCAD has not been shown yet. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of NT-ProBNP on the prognostic role of MM markers in patients with SCAD. Methods: We analyzed the prognostic value of MM markers (parathormone (PTH), klotho, phosphate, calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), and fibroblast growth factor-23) in 964 patients with SCAD and NT-ProBNP > 125 pg/mL vs. patient with NT-ProBNP ≤ 125 pg/mL included in five hospitals in Spain. The main outcome was the combination of death, heart failure, and ischemic events (any acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke, or transient ischemic attack). Results: A total of 622 patients had NT-proBNP > 125 pg/mL and 342 patients had NT-ProBNP ≤ 125 pg/mL. The median follow-up was 5.1 years. In the group of NT-proBNP > 125 pg/mL, the patients were older, and there were more females and smokers than in the group of patients with normal NT-proBNP. Additionally, the proportion of patients with hypertension, atrial fibrillation, ejection fraction < 40%, cerebrovascular attack, or prior coronary artery bypass graft was higher in the high NT-proBNP group. In the high NT-proBNP patients, the predictors of poor prognosis were PTH (HR = 1.06 (1.01−1.10), p < 0.001) and NT-proBNP (HR = 1.02 (1.01−1.03), p = 0.011), along with age (HR = 1.039 (1.02−1.06), p < 0.001), prior coronary artery bypass graft (HR = 1.624 (1.02−2.59), p = 0.041), treatment with statins (HR = 0.32 (0.19−0.53), p < 0.001), insulin (HR = 2.49 (1.59−4.09), p < 0.001), angiotensin receptor blockers (HR = 1.73 (1.16−2.56), p = 0.007), nitrates (HR = 1.65 (1.10−2.45), p = 0.014), and proton pump inhibitors (HR = 2.75 (1.74−4.36), p < 0.001). In the NT-proBNP ≤ 125 pg/mL subgroup, poor prognosis predictors were plasma levels of non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol (HR = 1.01 (1.00−1.02), p = 0.014) and calcidiol (HR = 0.96 (0.92−0.99), p = 0.045), as well as treatment with verapamil (HR = 11.28 (2.54−50.00), p = 0.001), and dihydropyridines (HR = 3.16 (1.63−6.13), p = 0.001). Conclusion: In patients with SCAD and NT-ProBNP > 125 pg/mL, PTH and NT-ProBNP, which are markers related to ventricular damage, are predictors of poor outcome. In the subgroup of patients with NT-ProBNP ≤ 125 pgm/L, calcidiol and non-HDL cholesterol, which are more related to vascular damage, are the independent predictors of poor outcome. Then, in patients with SCAD, baseline NT-ProBNP may influence the type of biomarker that is effective in risk prediction.
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Quesada-Gomez JM, Lopez-Miranda J, Entrenas-Castillo M, Casado-Díaz A, Nogues y Solans X, Mansur JL, Bouillon R. Vitamin D Endocrine System and COVID-19: Treatment with Calcifediol. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132716. [PMID: 35807895 PMCID: PMC9268645 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is the greatest challenge facing modern medicine and public health systems. The viral evolution of SARS-CoV-2, with the emergence of new variants with in-creased infectious potential, is a cause for concern. In addition, vaccination coverage remains in-sufficient worldwide. Therefore, there is a need to develop new therapeutic options, and/or to optimize the repositioning of drugs approved for other indications for COVID-19. This may include the use of calcifediol, the prohormone of the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES) as it may have potential useful effects for the treatment of COVID-19. We review the aspects associating COVID-19 with VDES and the potential use of calcifediol in COVID-19. VDES/VDR stimulation may enhance innate antiviral effector mechanisms, facilitating the induction of antimicrobial peptides/autophagy, with a critical modulatory role in the subsequent host reactive hyperinflammatory phase during COVID-19: By decreasing the cytokine/chemokine storm, regulating the renin–angiotensin–bradykinin system (RAAS), modulating neutrophil activity and maintaining the integrity of the pulmonary epithelial barrier, stimulating epithelial repair, and directly and indirectly decreasing the increased coagulability and prothrombotic tendency associated with severe COVID-19 and its complications. Available evidence suggests that VDES/VDR stimulation, while maintaining optimal serum 25OHD status, in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection may significantly reduce the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and severe COVID-19, with possible beneficial effects on the need for mechanical ventilation and/or intensive care unit (ICU) admission, as well as deaths in the course of the disease. The pharmacokinetic and functional characteristics of calcifediol give it superiority in rapidly optimizing 25OHD levels in COVID-19. A pilot study and several observational intervention studies using high doses of calcifediol (0.532 mg on day 1 and 0.266 mg on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28) dramatically decreased the need for ICU admission and the mortality rate. We, therefore, propose to use calcifediol at the doses described for the rapid correction of 25OHD deficiency in all patients in the early stages of COVID-19, in association, if necessary, with the new oral antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Quesada-Gomez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.L.-M.); (A.C.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.M.Q.-G.); (R.B.)
| | - José Lopez-Miranda
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.L.-M.); (A.C.-D.)
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (J.L.-M.); (A.C.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Xavier Nogues y Solans
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Internal Medicine Department, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Mansur
- Centro de Endocrinología y Osteoporosis La Plata, Buenos Aires B1902ADQ, Argentina;
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: (J.M.Q.-G.); (R.B.)
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12
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Influence of Vitamin D Status on the Maintenance Dose of Warfarin in Patients Receiving Chronic Warfarin Therapy. Cardiol Ther 2022; 11:421-432. [PMID: 35718837 PMCID: PMC9381664 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-022-00268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering the anticoagulant actions of vitamin D, we hypothesize that vitamin D status might affect the required dose of warfarin for maintaining the therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR). METHODS In a retrospective single-center cohort study, serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were assessed for 89 subjects receiving a stable dose of warfarin for 3 months or longer and had a stable INR between 2 and 3.5 for at least three consecutive visits. A warfarin sensitivity index (WSI), defined as the steady-state INR divided by the mean daily warfarin dose, was used for measuring the warfarin dose response. The relation between the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and WSI value and the difference in the mean WSI value between the subjects with different vitamin D status categories (sufficient, insufficient, and deficient) were assessed. RESULTS Twenty-one subjects had vitamin D deficiency, 43 had vitamin D insufficiency, and only 25 had normal levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Based on the multiple linear regression analysis, there was a significant but weakly positive correlation between WSI and 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels, as the value of WSI increases by almost 0.0027434 for every unit increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum level (p value = 0.041). Using one-way ANOVA analysis, there was a trend in a significant difference between the groups with different vitamin D status categories regarding the mean WSI value (F = 2.95, p value = 0.057), as subjects with sufficient vitamin D state compared to those with vitamin D deficiency had a higher WSI value. CONCLUSIONS Although the study's limitations limit our ability to draw definite conclusions, the present data suggest that in addition to other traditional factors, vitamin D status might also affect warfarin sensitivity and maintenance dose requirement. However, to more clearly explain this link, further studies with high involvement subjects are required.
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13
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Singh M, Barrera Adame O, Nickas M, Robison J, Khatchadourian C, Venketaraman V. Type 2 Diabetes Contributes to Altered Adaptive Immune Responses and Vascular Inflammation in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833355. [PMID: 35401518 PMCID: PMC8986985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, which initially emerged in November of 2019, wreaked havoc across the globe by leading to clinical acute respiratory distress syndrome and continues to evade current therapies today due to mutating strains. Diabetes mellitus is considered an important risk factor for progression to severe COVID disease and death, therefore additional research is warranted in this group. Individuals with diabetes at baseline have an underlying inflammatory state with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lower levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, both of which cause these individuals to have higher susceptibility to SARS- CoV2 infection. The detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 has been attributed to its ability to induce a vast cell mediated immune response leading to a surge in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This paper will be exploring the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology in individuals with diabetes and insulin resistance making them more prone to have worse outcomes after SARS- CoV2 infection, and to propose an adjunctive therapy to help combat the cytokine surge seen in COVID-19. It will also look at the immunomodulatory effects of glutathione, an antioxidant shown to reduce immune dysregulation in other diseases; Vitamin D, which has been shown to prevent COVID-19 patients from requiring more intensive care time possibly due to its ability to decrease the expression of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines; and steroids, which have been used as immune modulators despite their ability to exacerbate hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Singh
- St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Obed Barrera Adame
- St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Michael Nickas
- St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jeremiah Robison
- St. Barnabas Hospital Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Christopher Khatchadourian
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Pomona, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Western University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Pomona, Pomona, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Vishwanath Venketaraman,
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14
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Trimarco V, Manzi MV, Mancusi C, Strisciuglio T, Fucile I, Fiordelisi A, Pilato E, Izzo R, Barbato E, Lembo M, Morisco C. Insulin Resistance and Vitamin D Deficiency: A Link Beyond the Appearances. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:859793. [PMID: 35369303 PMCID: PMC8968037 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.859793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that plays a key role in the regulation of body homeostasis, including cardiovascular function. Although the chronic deficiency of vitamin D is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, as well as with an adverse prognosis, randomized controlled trials have failed in demonstrating that dietary vitamin D supplementation could ameliorate the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular diseases, and suggested that vitamin D deficiency is the expression of the effects of other determinants of cardiovascular risk. Thus, the supplementation of vitamin D is not sufficient to improve the cardiovascular risk profile and prognosis. Insulin resistance is a complex phenomenon that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Interestingly, defects of vitamin D and insulin resistance have a superimposable epidemiological distribution. According to the common view, Insulin resistance is considered the direct or indirect consequence of vitamin D deficiency. However, it is also reasonable to speculate that the deficit or the impaired action of vitamin D, in some circumstances, could be the result of the same pathogenic mechanisms responsible of insulin resistance development. In this case, vitamin D deficiency could be considered an epiphenomenon of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a reversible condition, being possibly ameliorated by physical activity and hypocaloric diets. Notably, both physical exercise and energy-restricted dietary regimens are associated with an increase of vitamin D levels. These findings indicate that improving insulin resistance condition is a necessary step to ameliorate vitamin D supplementation-based strategies in cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Virginia Manzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Costantino Mancusi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Strisciuglio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fucile
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Fiordelisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pilato
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Izzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Barbato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lembo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Lembo
| | - Carmine Morisco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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15
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Cimmino G, Conte S, Morello M, Pellegrino G, Marra L, Morello A, Nicoletti G, De Rosa G, Golino P, Cirillo P. Vitamin D Inhibits IL-6 Pro-Atherothrombotic Effects in Human Endothelial Cells: A Potential Mechanism for Protection against COVID-19 Infection? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9010027. [PMID: 35050236 PMCID: PMC8781542 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thrombosis with cardiovascular involvement is a crucial complication in COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 infects the host by the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor (ACE2r), which is expressed in endothelial cells too. Thus, COVID-related thrombotic events might be due to endothelial dysfunction. IL-6 is one of the main cytokines involved in the COVID-19 inflammatory storm. Some evidence indicates that Vitamin D (VitD) has a protective role in COVID-19 patients, but the molecular mechanisms involved are still debated. Thus, we investigated the effect of VitD on Tissue Factor and adhesion molecules (CAMs) in IL-6-stimulated endothelial cells (HUVEC). Moreover, we evaluated levels of the ACE2r gene and proteins. Finally, we studied the modulation of NF-kB and STAT3 pathways. Methods: HUVEC cultivated in VitD-enriched medium were stimulated with IL-6 (0.5 ng/mL). The TF gene (RT-PCR), protein (Western blot), surface expression (FACS) and procoagulant activity (FXa generation assay) were measured. Similarly, CAMs soluble values (ELISA) and ACE2r (RT-PCR and Western blot) levels were assessed. NF-kB and STAT3 modulation (Western blot) were also investigated. Results: VitD significantly reduced TF expression at both gene and protein levels as well as TF-procoagulant activity in IL-6-treated HUVEC. Similar effects were observed for CAMs and ACE2r expression. IL-6 modulates these effects by regulating NF-κB and STAT3 pathways. Conclusions: IL-6 induces endothelial dysfunction with TF and CAMs expression via upregulation of ACE2r. VitD prevented these IL-6 deleterious effects. Thus, it might be speculated that this is one of the hypothetical mechanism(s) by which VitD exerts its beneficial effects in COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Stefano Conte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Lung Disease, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mariarosaria Morello
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (G.N.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Grazia Pellegrino
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Section of Anesthesiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Laura Marra
- Department of Cell Biology and Biotherapy Research, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS—Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Andrea Morello
- Biochemical Unit, A. S. Re. M. (Azienda Sanitaria Regionale del Molise), Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Nicoletti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (G.N.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Gennaro De Rosa
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (G.N.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Paolo Golino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (G.N.); (G.D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-081-746-2235
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16
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Loucera C, Peña-Chilet M, Esteban-Medina M, Muñoyerro-Muñiz D, Villegas R, Lopez-Miranda J, Rodriguez-Baño J, Túnez I, Bouillon R, Dopazo J, Quesada Gomez JM. Real world evidence of calcifediol or vitamin D prescription and mortality rate of COVID-19 in a retrospective cohort of hospitalized Andalusian patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23380. [PMID: 34862422 PMCID: PMC8642445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a major worldwide health problem because of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and mortality. Several lines of evidence have suggested a relationship between the vitamin D endocrine system and severity of COVID-19. We present a survival study on a retrospective cohort of 15,968 patients, comprising all COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Andalusia between January and November 2020. Based on a central registry of electronic health records (the Andalusian Population Health Database, BPS), prescription of vitamin D or its metabolites within 15–30 days before hospitalization were recorded. The effect of prescription of vitamin D (metabolites) for other indication previous to the hospitalization was studied with respect to patient survival. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and hazard ratios support an association between prescription of these metabolites and patient survival. Such association was stronger for calcifediol (Hazard Ratio, HR = 0.67, with 95% confidence interval, CI, of [0.50–0.91]) than for cholecalciferol (HR = 0.75, with 95% CI of [0.61–0.91]), when prescribed 15 days prior hospitalization. Although the relation is maintained, there is a general decrease of this effect when a longer period of 30 days prior hospitalization is considered (calcifediol HR = 0.73, with 95% CI [0.57–0.95] and cholecalciferol HR = 0.88, with 95% CI [0.75, 1.03]), suggesting that association was stronger when the prescription was closer to the hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Loucera
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - María Peña-Chilet
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Marina Esteban-Medina
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Dolores Muñoyerro-Muñiz
- Subdirección Técnica Asesora de Gestión de la Información, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Seville, Spain
| | - Román Villegas
- Subdirección Técnica Asesora de Gestión de la Información, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Internal Medicine Department, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Rodriguez-Baño
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigacion Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Córdoba, Spain.,G. Técnico de Expertos de Andalucía para Estudios de Suplementos e Intervención Nutricional Frente a Covid-19, SGIDIS, Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucia, Seville, Spain.,Secretaria General de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Salud, Consejería de Salud y Familias de la Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KULeuven, Herestraat, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain. .,Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain. .,FPS/ELIXIR-ES, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Jose Manuel Quesada Gomez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigacion Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004, Córdoba, Spain. .,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
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17
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Caballero-García A, Noriega DC, Bello HJ, Roche E, Córdova-Martínez A. The Immunomodulatory Function of Vitamin D, with Particular Reference to SARS-CoV-2. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:1321. [PMID: 34946266 PMCID: PMC8706376 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are the only way to reduce the morbidity associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The appearance of new mutations urges us to increase the effectiveness of vaccines as a complementary alternative. In this context, the use of adjuvant strategies has improved the effectiveness of different vaccines against virus infections such as dengue, influenza, and common cold. Recent reports on patients infected by COVID-19 reveal that low levels of circulating vitamin D correlate with a severe respiratory insufficiency. The immunomodulatory activity of this micronutrient attenuates the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and at the same time, increases antibody production. Therefore, the present review proposes the use of vitamin D as adjuvant micronutrient to increase the efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Health Sciences Faculty, GIR of Physical Exercise and Aging, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - David C. Noriega
- Spine Department, Valladolid University Hospital, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Hugo J. Bello
- Department of Mathematics, School of Forestry Industry and Agronomic Engineering and Bioenergy, GIR of Physical Exercise and Aging, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain;
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Córdova-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR of Physical Exercise and Aging, Campus Universitario “Los Pajaritos”, Valladolid University, 42004 Soria, Spain
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18
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Bouillon R, Quesada‐Gomez JM. Vitamin D Endocrine System and COVID-19. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10576. [PMID: 34950831 PMCID: PMC8674769 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical data strongly suggest that the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES) may have extraskeletal effects. Cells of the immune and cardiovascular systems and lungs can express the vitamin D receptor, and overall these cells respond in a coherent fashion when exposed to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the main metabolite of the VDES. Supplementation of vitamin D-deficient subjects may decrease the risk of upper respiratory infections. The VDES also has broad anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects, and other mechanisms argue for a potential beneficial effect of a good vitamin D status on acute respiratory distress syndrome, a major complication of this SARS-2/COVID-19 infection. Activation of the VDES may thus have beneficial effects on the severity of COVID-19. Meta-analysis of observational data show that a better vitamin D status decreased the requirement of intensive care treatment or decreased mortality. A pilot study in Cordoba indicated that admission to intensive care was drastically reduced by administration of a high dose of calcifediol early after hospital admission for COVID-19. A large observational study in Barcelona confirmed that such therapy significantly decreased the odds ratio (OR) of mortality (OR = 0.52). This was also the conclusion of a retrospective study in five hospitals of Southern Spain. A retrospective study on all Andalusian patients hospitalized because of COVID-19, based on real-world data from the health care system, concluded that prescription of calcifediol (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.67) or vitamin D (HR = 0.75), 15 days before hospital admission decreased mortality within the first month. In conclusion, a good vitamin D status may have beneficial effects on the course of COVID-19. This needs to be confirmed by large, randomized trials, but in the meantime, we recommend (rapid) correction of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) deficiency in subjects exposed to this coronavirus. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and AgeingKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - José Manuel Quesada‐Gomez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina SofíaUniversidad de Córdoba, Fundación Progreso y SaludCórdobaSpain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES)MadridSpain
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19
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Celebi G, Anapali M, Dagistanli FK, Akdemir AS, Aydemir D, Ulusu NN, Ulutin T, Komurcu-Bayrak E. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on OPG/RANKL signalling activities in endothelial tissue damage in diet-induced diabetic rat model. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 74:124-134. [PMID: 34657267 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that causes endothelial damage and is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. In the present study vitamin D3 supplementation in rats was used to determine the role of Osteoprotegerin (OPG)/Receptor activator kB ligand (RANKL) signalling in endothelial damage and changes in the expression levels of genes involved in this pathway. We hypothesized that vitamin D3 supplementation affects OPG and RANKL activity in the aorta. METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats via injections of 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin followed by a high fructose (10%) diet. Group 2 (healthy) and 4 (diabetic) received 170 IU/kg of vitamin D3 weekly for 5 weeks, while Group 1 (healthy) and 2 (diabetic) received sterile saline. The aortas of each group were collected to analyse mRNA expression using the real-time PCR method and also to evaluate magnesium and calcium levels using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Opg and Il-1b expression levels were significantly associated with both diabetes and vitamin D3 supplementation in the aortas of the study groups (p ≤ 0.05). Opg mRNA expression was also found to correlate with both Icam-1 and Nos3 mRNA expression levels (r = 0.699, p = 0.001 and r = 0.622, p = 0.003, respectively). In addition, when mineral levels in the aortic tissues were compared among all groups, it was found that the interaction of diabetes and vitamin D3 supplementation significantly affected Mg levels and Mg/Ca ratios. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that vitamin D3 supplementation has a modulatory effect on OPG/RANKL activity in the vessel wall by ameliorating endothelial damage in diabetes. This effect may contribute to the regulation of cytokine-mediated vascular homeostasis and mineral deposition in the aorta; therefore, further comprehensive studies are proposed to demonstrate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Celebi
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Merve Anapali
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Biology Department, Ataturk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kaya Dagistanli
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Seda Akdemir
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Aydemir
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Koç University, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Nuray Ulusu
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Koç University, 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgut Ulutin
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Medical Biology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evrim Komurcu-Bayrak
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Zhao H, Wei X, Yang X. A novel update on vitamin D in recurrent pregnancy loss (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:382. [PMID: 33760145 PMCID: PMC7986007 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is usually characterized as ≥3 miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestation. Patients with RPL may have autoimmune abnormalities or alloimmune problems. Vitamin D has a major function on the mechanism of immunomodulation at the maternal-fetal interface. However, whether vitamin D can be used as an effective method to treat patients with RPL requires investigation. It has been reported that vitamin D could prevent the occurrence of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) by reducing the expression levels of anti-β2 glycoprotein and tissue factor in RPL cases with APS. In addition, there is an opposite relationship between vitamin D and thyroid peroxidase antibody levels in autoimmune thyroid disease cases with RPL. Vitamin D changes the ratio of T helper (Th) 1/Th2 and regulatory T cell/Th17 to a certain extent, as well as affects the activity of natural killer cells and the production of cytokines to reduce the incidence of RPL. The objective of the current review was to address the research progress of vitamin D in RPL in recent years, which could facilitate the use of vitamin D treatment to enhance the pregnancy outcome of RPL. Collectively, it was suggested that vitamin D may be used as an important and effective immunotherapeutic agent for patients with RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplant, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Wei
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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21
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Sengupta T, Majumder R, Majumder S. Role of vitamin D in treating COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: problems and perspectives. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2421-2427. [PMID: 33604809 PMCID: PMC7891480 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive inflammatory response leading to hypercoagulability has been found to be associated with disease severity in COVID-19 patients and portends bad treatment outcome. A state of acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), along with pulmonary embolism and/or deep vein thrombosis, has been observed in critically ill ICU patients. Autopsy reports of COVID-19 patients demonstrated microthrombi in lungs and in other organs, as well as marked inflammatory changes, characteristic clinicopathological features that exacerbate disease severity. Vitamin D supplementation was recommended by many clinicians across the globe to improve clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients, mainly because of its immunomodulatory roles on immune cells. Furthermore, vitamin D and its associated molecules are also known to directly or indirectly regulate various thrombotic pathways. We propose that vitamin D supplementation not only attenuates the risk of Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome (ARDS) but it also may have a role in reducing coagulation abnormalities in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The overarching goal of this review is to discuss the effects of vitamin D on coagulation pathways and other intertwined processes leading to thrombosis. Many clinical trials are currently investigating the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection. However, randomized placebo control clinical trials are also necessary to ascertain the effect of vitamin D supplementation on reducing the risk of coagulopathy in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanusree Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India.
| | - Rinku Majumder
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Samarpan Majumder
- Department of Genetics, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, USA.
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22
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Surdu AM, Pînzariu O, Ciobanu DM, Negru AG, Căinap SS, Lazea C, Iacob D, Săraci G, Tirinescu D, Borda IM, Cismaru G. Vitamin D and Its Role in the Lipid Metabolism and the Development of Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:172. [PMID: 33572397 PMCID: PMC7916166 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, a crucial hormone in the homeostasis and metabolism of calcium bone, has lately been found to produce effects on other physiological and pathological processes genomically and non-genomically, including the cardiovascular system. While lower baseline vitamin D levels have been correlated with atherogenic blood lipid profiles, 25(OH)D supplementation influences the levels of serum lipids in that it lowers the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and increases the levels of HDL-cholesterol, all of which are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D is also involved in the development of atherosclerosis at the site of the blood vessels. Deficiency of this vitamin has been found to increase adhesion molecules or endothelial activation and, at the same time, supplementation is linked to the lowering presence of adhesion surrogates. Vitamin D can also influence the vascular tone by increasing endothelial nitric oxide production, as seen in supplementation studies. Deficiency can lead, at the same time, to oxidative stress and an increase in inflammation as well as the expression of particular immune cells that play a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis in the intima of the blood vessels, i.e., monocytes and macrophages. Vitamin D is also involved in atherogenesis through inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency is consistently associated with cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, STEMI, NSTEMI, unstable angina, ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and increased mortality after acute stroke. Conversely, vitamin D supplementation does not seem to produce beneficial effects in cohorts with intermediate baseline vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Mihai Surdu
- Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Clinic, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Pînzariu
- Sixth Department of Medical Specialties, Endocrinology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dana-Mihaela Ciobanu
- Sixth Department of Medical Specialties, Diabetes and Nutritional Diseases, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alina-Gabriela Negru
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Simona-Sorana Căinap
- Pediatric Clinic No 2, Cardiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cecilia Lazea
- Pediatric Clinic No 1, Cardiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Daniela Iacob
- Pediatric Clinic No 3, Cardiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - George Săraci
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dacian Tirinescu
- Sixth Department of Medical Specialties, Nephrology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ileana Monica Borda
- Sixth Department of Medical Specialties, Medical Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gabriel Cismaru
- Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology-Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a cholestatic liver disorder that is frequently associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). Patients with PSC and UC (PSC-UC) have a higher risk of colorectal neoplasia compared with patients with UC. The oncogenic properties of microRNA-346 (miR-346) have been recently reported. We investigated the expression of miR-346 and its 2 target genes, the receptor of vitamin D (VDR), and the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which are known to modulate carcinogenesis. METHODS: Ascending and sigmoid colon biopsies were obtained from patients with PSC, PSC and UC (PSC-UC), UC, and healthy controls (n = 10 in each group). Expressions of VDR, TNF-α, 18S RNA, p27Kip1, miR-346, and reference microRNA, miR-191, were evaluated by real-time PCR using human TaqMan Gene Expression and TaqMan MicroRNA Assays. Functional studies with miR-346 mimic and inhibitor were conducted in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells. The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on miR-346 expression was examined in Caco-2 cells. RESULTS: An increased expression of miR-346 in the ascending colon of PSC-UC was observed (P < 0.001 vs all groups). In patients with UC, an exceptionally low colonic expression of miRNA-346 was accompanied by the extensive upregulation of VDR and TNF-α genes. A functional in vitro analysis demonstrated that inhibition of miR-346 resulted in the upregulation of VDR and TNF-α, whereas the induction of miR-346 activity suppressed VDR, TNF-α, and p27Kip1. DISCUSSION: The upregulation of miRNA-346 in the colon of patients with PSC may be responsible for the disturbance of VDR and TNF-α signaling pathway, which could result in an inadequate suppression of neoplasia.
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24
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Entrenas Castillo M, Entrenas Costa LM, Vaquero Barrios JM, Alcalá Díaz JF, López Miranda J, Bouillon R, Quesada Gomez JM. "Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: A pilot randomized clinical study". J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 203:105751. [PMID: 32871238 PMCID: PMC7456194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The vitamin D endocrine system may have a variety of actions on cells and tissues involved in COVID-19 progression especially by decreasing the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Calcifediol can rapidly increase serum 25OHD concentration. We therefore evaluated the effect of calcifediol treatment, on Intensive Care Unit Admission and Mortality rate among Spanish patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN Parallel pilot randomized open label, double-masked clinical trial. SETTING University hospital setting (Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba Spain.) PARTICIPANTS: 76 consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection, clinical picture of acute respiratory infection, confirmed by a radiographic pattern of viral pneumonia and by a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR with CURB65 severity scale (recommending hospital admission in case of total score > 1). PROCEDURES All hospitalized patients received as best available therapy the same standard care, (per hospital protocol), of a combination of hydroxychloroquine (400 mg every 12 h on the first day, and 200 mg every 12 h for the following 5 days), azithromycin (500 mg orally for 5 days. Eligible patients were allocated at a 2 calcifediol:1 no calcifediol ratio through electronic randomization on the day of admission to take oral calcifediol (0.532 mg), or not. Patients in the calcifediol treatment group continued with oral calcifediol (0.266 mg) on day 3 and 7, and then weekly until discharge or ICU admission. Outcomes of effectiveness included rate of ICU admission and deaths. RESULTS Of 50 patients treated with calcifediol, one required admission to the ICU (2%), while of 26 untreated patients, 13 required admission (50 %) p value X2 Fischer test p < 0.001. Univariate Risk Estimate Odds Ratio for ICU in patients with Calcifediol treatment versus without Calcifediol treatment: 0.02 (95 %CI 0.002-0.17). Multivariate Risk Estimate Odds Ratio for ICU in patients with Calcifediol treatment vs Without Calcifediol treatment ICU (adjusting by Hypertension and T2DM): 0.03 (95 %CI: 0.003-0.25). Of the patients treated with calcifediol, none died, and all were discharged, without complications. The 13 patients not treated with calcifediol, who were not admitted to the ICU, were discharged. Of the 13 patients admitted to the ICU, two died and the remaining 11 were discharged. CONCLUSION Our pilot study demonstrated that administration of a high dose of Calcifediol or 25-hydroxyvitamin D, a main metabolite of vitamin D endocrine system, significantly reduced the need for ICU treatment of patients requiring hospitalization due to proven COVID-19. Calcifediol seems to be able to reduce severity of the disease, but larger trials with groups properly matched will be required to show a definitive answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Entrenas Castillo
- UGC de Neumología, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba 9 (IMIBIC). Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez 10 Pidal s/n, 14004 11, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Entrenas Costa
- UGC de Neumología, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba 9 (IMIBIC). Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez 10 Pidal s/n, 14004 11, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Vaquero Barrios
- UGC de Neumología, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba 9 (IMIBIC). Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez 10 Pidal s/n, 14004 11, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Alcalá Díaz
- Departamento de Medicina Interna. IMIBIC, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición. Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Fundación Progreso y Salud. Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 14, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José López Miranda
- Departamento de Medicina Interna. IMIBIC, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición. Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Fundación Progreso y Salud. Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 14, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat, ON1/902, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - José Manuel Quesada Gomez
- IMIBIC. CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable. Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Fundación Progreso y Salud. Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 18 14004, Córdoba, Spain
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25
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Cohen H, Cuadrado MJ, Erkan D, Duarte-Garcia A, Isenberg DA, Knight JS, Ortel TL, Rahman A, Salmon JE, Tektonidou MG, Williams DJ, Willis R, Woller SC, Andrade D. 16th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies Task Force Report on Antiphospholipid Syndrome Treatment Trends. Lupus 2020; 29:1571-1593. [PMID: 33100166 PMCID: PMC7658424 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320950461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), an acquired autoimmune thrombophilia, is characterised by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in association with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. The 16th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies Task Force on APS Treatment Trends reviewed the current status with regard to existing and novel treatment trends for APS, which is the focus of this Task Force report. The report addresses current treatments and developments since the last report, on the use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with APS, antiplatelet agents, adjunctive therapies (hydroxychloroquine, statins and vitamin D), targeted treatment including rituximab, belimumab, and anti-TNF agents, complement inhibition and drugs based on peptides of beta-2-glycoprotein I. In addition, the report summarises potential new players, including coenzyme Q10, adenosine receptor agonists and adenosine potentiation. In each case, the report provides recommendations for clinicians, based on the current state of the art, and suggests a clinical research agenda. The initiation and development of appropriate clinical studies requires a focus on devising suitable outcome measures, including a disease activity index, an optimal damage index, and a specific quality of life index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Cohen
- Haemostasis Research Unit, Department of Haematology, University
College London, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
| | - Maria J Cuadrado
- Rheumatology Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid,
Spain
| | - Doruk Erkan
- Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital
for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali Duarte-Garcia
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health
Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David A Isenberg
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University
College London, London, UK
| | - Jason S Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas L Ortel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and Department
of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anisur Rahman
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University
College London, London, UK
| | - Jane E Salmon
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special surgery, Weill
Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria G Tektonidou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, National
and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - David J Williams
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust,
London, UK
- UCL EGA Institute for Women’s Health, University College
London, London, UK
| | - Rohan Willis
- Antiphospholipid Standardization Laboratory, University of
Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Scott C Woller
- Department of Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray
UT; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of
Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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26
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Quesada-Gomez JM, Entrenas-Castillo M, Bouillon R. Vitamin D receptor stimulation to reduce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infections: Revised Ms SBMB 2020_166. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 202:105719. [PMID: 32535032 PMCID: PMC7289092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus infection is a serious health problem awaiting an effective vaccine and/or antiviral treatment. The major complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS), is due to a variety of mechanisms including cytokine storm, dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system, neutrophil activation and increased (micro)coagulation. Based on many preclinical studies and observational data in humans, ARDS may be aggravated by vitamin D deficiency and tapered down by activation of the vitamin D receptor. Several randomized clinical trials using either oral vitamin D or oral Calcifediol (25OHD) are ongoing. Based on a pilot study, oral calcifediol may be the most promising approach. These studies are expected to provide guidelines within a few months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Quesada-Gomez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC). Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Fundación Progreso y Salud, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Spain
| | - Marta Entrenas-Castillo
- UGC de Neumología. Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC). Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Herestraat, ON 1/902, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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27
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Cimmino G, Morello A, Conte S, Pellegrino G, Marra L, Golino P, Cirillo P. Vitamin D inhibits Tissue Factor and CAMs expression in oxidized low-density lipoproteins-treated human endothelial cells by modulating NF-κB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173422. [PMID: 32755551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have clearly demonstrated the correlation existing between Vitamin D (Vit. D) deficiency and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, suggesting that it might have a protective role in this clinical setting. Although many experimental studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms by which Vit. D might exert these effects, its potential role in protecting against athero-thrombosis is still partially unknown. We have investigated whether Vit. D might exert anti athero-thombotic effects by preventing expression of adhesion molecules (CAMs) and Tissue Factor (TF), molecules involved in atherothrombotic pathophysiology, in oxLDL stimulated endothelial cells (HUVEC). Moreover, we have investigated whether Vit. D effects might be due to the NF-kB modulation. HUVEC cultivated in medium enriched with Vit. D (10 nM) were stimulated with oxLDL (50 μg/ml). TF gene (RT-PCR), protein (Western blot), surface expression (FACS) and procoagulant activity (FXa generation assay) were measured. Similarly, CAMs gene (RT-PCR), surface expression (FACS) and soluble values (ELISA) were measured. NF-kB translocation was also investigated. Vit. D significantly reduced TF gene as well protein expression and procoagulant activity in oxLDL-treated HUVEC. Similar effects were observed for CAMs. These effects were associated with Vit. D modulation of NF-κB pathway. This study, although in vitro, indicate that Vit. D has protective effect on endothelial cells by inhibiting expression of TF and CAMs, proteins involved in atherothrombotic pathophysiology. Further studies will be necessary to translate these findings to a clinical scenario to better define the potential therapeutical role of Vit. D supplementation in the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with Vit. D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Morello
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Conte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Pellegrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Marra
- SC Cell Biology and Biotherapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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28
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Savastio S, Pozzi E, Tagliaferri F, Degrandi R, Cinquatti R, Rabbone I, Bona G. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Risk: which Implications in Children? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3536. [PMID: 32429489 PMCID: PMC7279000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (25OHD) pleiotropic effects are widely recognized and studied. Recently, vitamin D cardiovascular effects are gaining interest, especially in children, although the studies present conflicting data. Some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that cardiovascular risk markers, such as lipid parameters, inflammation markers, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness, are unaffected by vitamin D supplementation. By contrast, other studies show that low vitamin D levels are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, and support that increased risk of these diseases occurs primarily in people with vitamin D deficiency. An update on these points in pediatric patients is certainly of interest to focus on possible benefits of its supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Savastio
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.P.); (F.T.); (R.D.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Erica Pozzi
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.P.); (F.T.); (R.D.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Francesco Tagliaferri
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.P.); (F.T.); (R.D.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Roberta Degrandi
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.P.); (F.T.); (R.D.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Roberta Cinquatti
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.P.); (F.T.); (R.D.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.P.); (F.T.); (R.D.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (G.B.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.P.); (F.T.); (R.D.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (G.B.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Cyprian F, Lefkou E, Varoudi K, Girardi G. Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Pregnancy and Beyond. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2739. [PMID: 31824513 PMCID: PMC6883724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its role in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, a modulatory role of the active form of vitamin D on cells of the immune system, particularly T lymphocytes, has been described. The effects of vitamin D on the production and action of several cytokines has been intensively investigated in recent years. In this connection, deficiency of vitamin D has been associated with several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), Hashimoto Thyroiditis (HT), and multiple sclerosis (MS). In a successful pregnancy, the maternal immune response needs to adapt to accommodate the semiallogeneic fetus. Disturbances in maternal tolerance are implicated in infertility and pregnancy complications such as miscarriages (RM) and preeclampsia (PE). It is well-known that a subset of T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibit potent suppressive activity, and have a crucial role in curtailing the destructive response of the immune system during pregnancy, and preventing autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnant women, despite the widespread use of prenatal vitamins, and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as RM, PE, intrauterine growth restriction have been linked to hypovitaminosis D during pregnancy. Research has shown that autoimmune diseases have a significant prevalence within the female population, and women with autoimmune disorders are at higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Provocatively, dysregulation of T cells plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, and adverse pregnancy outcomes where these pathologies are also associated with vitamin D deficiency. This article reviews the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases and pregnancy. In particular, we will describe the role of vitamin D from conception until delivery, including the health of the offspring. This review highlights an observational study where hypovitaminosis D was correlated with decreased fertility, increased disease activity, placental insufficiency, and preeclampsia in women with APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Cyprian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eleftheria Lefkou
- Institute of Obstetric Hematology, Perigenesis, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Varoudi
- Institute of Obstetric Hematology, Perigenesis, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Guillermina Girardi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Emerging Role of Vitamin D and its Associated Molecules in Pathways Related to Pathogenesis of Thrombosis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110649. [PMID: 31653092 PMCID: PMC6920963 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, besides having an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, also acts as a mediator of many non-calcemic effects through modulations of several biological responses. Vitamin D exists in its two major forms, vitamin D2, or commonly known as ergocalciferol, and vitamin D3, or commonly known as cholecalciferol. Both of these forms bind to vitamin D-binding protein to get transported to all vital target organs, where it serves as a natural ligand to vitamin D receptors for enabling their biological actions. Clinical reports corroborating vitamin D deficiency with an increase in thrombotic episodes implicate the role of vitamin D and its associated molecule in the regulation of thrombosis-related pathways. Thrombosis is the formation and propagation of a blood clot, known as thrombus. It can occur either in the arterial or the venous system resulting in many severe complications, including myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemia, and venous thromboembolism. Vitamin D, directly or indirectly, controls the expression of several genes responsible for the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. All of these are the processes of potential relevance to thrombotic disorders. This review, thus, discussed the effects of vitamin D on pathways involved in thrombosis, such as hemostatic process, inflammatory pathway, and endothelial cell activation, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms associated with them.
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Mussbacher M, Salzmann M, Brostjan C, Hoesel B, Schoergenhofer C, Datler H, Hohensinner P, Basílio J, Petzelbauer P, Assinger A, Schmid JA. Cell Type-Specific Roles of NF-κB Linking Inflammation and Thrombosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:85. [PMID: 30778349 PMCID: PMC6369217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB is a central mediator of inflammation with multiple links to thrombotic processes. In this review, we focus on the role of NF-κB signaling in cell types within the vasculature and the circulation that are involved in thrombo-inflammatory processes. All these cells express NF-κB, which mediates important functions in cellular interactions, cell survival and differentiation, as well as expression of cytokines, chemokines, and coagulation factors. Even platelets, as anucleated cells, contain NF-κB family members and their corresponding signaling molecules, which are involved in platelet activation, as well as secondary feedback circuits. The response of endothelial cells to inflammation and NF-κB activation is characterized by the induction of adhesion molecules promoting binding and transmigration of leukocytes, while simultaneously increasing their thrombogenic potential. Paracrine signaling from endothelial cells activates NF-κB in vascular smooth muscle cells and causes a phenotypic switch to a “synthetic” state associated with a decrease in contractile proteins. Monocytes react to inflammatory situations with enforced expression of tissue factor and after differentiation to macrophages with altered polarization. Neutrophils respond with an extension of their life span—and upon full activation they can expel their DNA thereby forming so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which exert antibacterial functions, but also induce a strong coagulatory response. This may cause formation of microthrombi that are important for the immobilization of pathogens, a process designated as immunothrombosis. However, deregulation of the complex cellular links between inflammation and thrombosis by unrestrained NET formation or the loss of the endothelial layer due to mechanical rupture or erosion can result in rapid activation and aggregation of platelets and the manifestation of thrombo-inflammatory diseases. Sepsis is an important example of such a disorder caused by a dysregulated host response to infection finally leading to severe coagulopathies. NF-κB is critically involved in these pathophysiological processes as it induces both inflammatory and thrombotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bastian Hoesel
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Datler
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Hohensinner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - José Basílio
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Skin and Endothelial Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A Schmid
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Serum Concentrations and Cardiovascular Morbidity in End Stage of Renal Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018. [DOI: org/10.3390/jcdd5030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is considered a main biomarker of oxidative stress, a common characteristic in end stage renal disease. We examined the relationship between ox-LDL serum concentrations and cardiovascular disease in permanent hemodiafiltration therapy patients. Methods: Ox-LDL values were measured by ELISA and were corrected for LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) in 96 participants and in 45 healthy control subjects. We performed chi-square tests and adjusted models for the role of ox-LDL on cardiovascular morbidity including coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic, diastolic dysfunction and peripheral arterial disease. Results: ox-LDL/LDL-C values were significantly higher in patients than in control group (p = 0.02), due to increased ox-LDL serum levels rather than to low LDL-C. The unadjusted relationship between high ox-LDL/LDL-C and low ejection fraction was found significant (x2 = 9.04, p = 0.003), although the association with the other cardiovascular manifestations was found non-significant. In the adjusted model for the prediction of systolic cardiac dysfunction, high ox-LDL/LDL-C, old age and non-administration of vitamin D supplementation during dialysis session were found to be significant predictors after adjustment to the confounder. Moreover, the association between systolic cardiac dysfunction and non-administration of vitamin D derivatives during dialysis sessions was found significant (x2 = 6.9, p = 0.008). Conclusions: This study showed a significant association between high ox-LDL and systolic cardiac dysfunction in permanent hemodiafiltration therapy patients. This relationship seems to be influenced by aging and pharmaceutical therapy during dialysis sessions, including vitamin D derivatives.
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Raikou V, Kardalinos V, Kyriaki D. Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Serum Concentrations and Cardiovascular Morbidity in End Stage of Renal Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5030035. [PMID: 29933629 PMCID: PMC6162541 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is considered a main biomarker of oxidative stress, a common characteristic in end stage renal disease. We examined the relationship between ox-LDL serum concentrations and cardiovascular disease in permanent hemodiafiltration therapy patients. METHODS Ox-LDL values were measured by ELISA and were corrected for LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) in 96 participants and in 45 healthy control subjects. We performed chi-square tests and adjusted models for the role of ox-LDL on cardiovascular morbidity including coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic, diastolic dysfunction and peripheral arterial disease. RESULTS ox-LDL/LDL-C values were significantly higher in patients than in control group (p = 0.02), due to increased ox-LDL serum levels rather than to low LDL-C. The unadjusted relationship between high ox-LDL/LDL-C and low ejection fraction was found significant (x² = 9.04, p = 0.003), although the association with the other cardiovascular manifestations was found non-significant. In the adjusted model for the prediction of systolic cardiac dysfunction, high ox-LDL/LDL-C, old age and non-administration of vitamin D supplementation during dialysis session were found to be significant predictors after adjustment to the confounder. Moreover, the association between systolic cardiac dysfunction and non-administration of vitamin D derivatives during dialysis sessions was found significant (x² = 6.9, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS This study showed a significant association between high ox-LDL and systolic cardiac dysfunction in permanent hemodiafiltration therapy patients. This relationship seems to be influenced by aging and pharmaceutical therapy during dialysis sessions, including vitamin D derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaia Raikou
- Department of Nephrology, DOCTORS' Hospital, 26 Kefallinias, Athens 11257, Greece.
| | | | - Despina Kyriaki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital "LAÏKO", Athens 11527, Greece.
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Role of Vitamin D Beyond the Skeletal Function: A Review of the Molecular and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061618. [PMID: 29849001 PMCID: PMC6032242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical function of Vitamin D, which involves mineral balance and skeletal maintenance, has been known for many years. With the discovery of vitamin D receptors in various tissues, several other biological functions of vitamin D are increasingly recognized and its role in many human diseases like cancer, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular, and autoimmune and dermatological diseases is being extensively explored. The non-classical function of vitamin D involves regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we discuss and summarize the latest findings on the non-classical functions of vitamin D at the cellular/molecular level and its role in complex human diseases.
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Ruderman I, Holt SG, Hewitson TD, Smith ER, Toussaint ND. Current and potential therapeutic strategies for the management of vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease including those on dialysis. Semin Dial 2018; 31:487-499. [PMID: 29733462 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with CKD have accelerated vascular stiffening contributing significantly to excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Much of the arterial stiffening is thought to involve vascular calcification (VC), but the pathogenesis of this phenomenon is complex, resulting from a disruption of the balance between promoters and inhibitors of calcification in a uremic milieu, along with derangements in calcium and phosphate metabolic pathways. Management of traditional cardiovascular risk factors to reduce VC may be influential but has not been shown to significantly improve mortality. Control of mineral metabolism may potentially reduce the burden of VC, although using conventional approaches of restricting dietary phosphate, administering phosphate binders, and use of active vitamin D and calcimimetics, remains controversial because recommended biochemical targets are hard to achieve and clinical relevance hard to define. Increasing time on dialysis is perhaps another therapy with potential effectiveness in this area. Despite current treatments, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality remain high in this group. Novel therapies for addressing VC include magnesium and vitamin K supplementation, which are currently being investigated in large randomized control trials. Other therapeutic targets include crystallization inhibitors, ligand trap for activin receptors and BMP-7. This review summarizes current treatment strategies and therapeutic targets for the future management of VC in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ruderman
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Stephen G Holt
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Tim D Hewitson
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Edward R Smith
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Nigel D Toussaint
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Slominski AT, Brożyna AA, Skobowiat C, Zmijewski MA, Kim TK, Janjetovic Z, Oak AS, Jozwicki W, Jetten AM, Mason RS, Elmets C, Li W, Hoffman RM, Tuckey RC. On the role of classical and novel forms of vitamin D in melanoma progression and management. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:159-170. [PMID: 28676457 PMCID: PMC5748362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma represents a significant clinical problem affecting a large segment of the population with a relatively high incidence and mortality rate. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important etiological factor in malignant transformation of melanocytes and melanoma development. UVB, while being a full carcinogen in melanomagenesis, is also necessary for the cutaneous production of vitamin D3 (D3). Calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) and novel CYP11A1-derived hydroxyderivatives of D3 show anti-melanoma activities and protective properties against damage induced by UVB. The former activities include inhibitory effects on proliferation, plating efficiency and anchorage-independent growth of cultured human and rodent melanomas in vitro, as well as the in vivo inhibition of tumor growth by 20(OH)D3 after injection of human melanoma cells into immunodeficient mice. The literature indicates that low levels of 25(OH)D3 are associated with more advanced melanomas and reduced patient survivals, while single nucleotide polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor or the D3 binding protein gene affect development or progression of melanoma, or disease outcome. An inverse correlation of VDR and CYP27B1 expression with melanoma progression has been found, with low or undetectable levels of these proteins being associated with poor disease outcomes. Unexpectedly, increased expression of CYP24A1 was associated with better melanoma prognosis. In addition, decreased expression of retinoic acid orphan receptors α and γ, which can also bind vitamin D3 hydroxyderivatives, showed positive association with melanoma progression and shorter disease-free and overall survival. Thus, inadequate levels of biologically active forms of D3 and disturbances in expression of the target receptors, or D3 activating or inactivating enzymes, can affect melanomagenesis and disease progression. We therefore propose that inclusion of vitamin D into melanoma management should be beneficial for patients, at least as an adjuvant approach. The presence of multiple hydroxyderivatives of D3 in skin that show anti-melanoma activity in experimental models and which may act on alternative receptors, will be a future consideration when planning which forms of vitamin D to use for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | | | - Allen S Oak
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Wojciech Jozwicki
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health,Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Bosch Institute & School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - We Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee HSC, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Abstract
Vitamin D is critical in mineral homeostasis and skeletal health and plays a regulatory role in nonskeletal tissues. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes and obesity, both strong risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). CVDs, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, cardiac fibrosis, heart failure, aneurysm, peripheral arterial disease, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, are major causes of morbidity and mortality. The association of these diseases with vitamin D deficiency and improvement with vitamin D supplementation suggest its therapeutic benefit. The authors review the findings on the association of vitamin D deficiency and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rai
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
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Toussaint ND, Ruderman I. What Is the Role of Vitamin D Supplementation on Vascular Health in CKD? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12:1377-1379. [PMID: 28784658 PMCID: PMC5586577 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.07170717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel D. Toussaint
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irene Ruderman
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Nishimura T, Tamizu E, Uno S, Uwamino Y, Fujiwara H, Nishio K, Nakano Y, Shiono H, Namkoong H, Hoshino Y, Iwata S, Hasegawa N. hsa-miR-346 is a potential serum biomarker of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease activity. J Infect Chemother 2017; 23:703-708. [PMID: 28827075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) has been recently recognized as a biomarker of various diseases; however, there are no known miRNAs associated with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) pulmonary disease. In addition, there are no known biomarkers to precisely reflect disease activity after the diagnosis of MAC pulmonary disease. Thus, we sought to identify a miRNA which is a candidate biomarker of MAC pulmonary disease activity. Serum hsa-miR-346 concentrations of 16 patients with M. avium pulmonary disease were significantly higher than those of 16 healthy controls (p = 0.047). The secretion of hsa-miR-346 increased in a multiplicity of infection-dependent manner in M. avium-infected macrophages. Serum hsa-miR-346 levels of 5 patients with bacterial conversion at the end of follow-up were significantly lower than those at the beginning of the follow-up (p = 0.043). In addition, the longitudinal change in serum hsa-miR-346 concentration correlated with bacterial load in 2 patients with M. avium pulmonary disease. Based on our results, it is supposed that MAC-infected macrophages in pulmonary lesions produce hsa-miR-346, which is then secreted into the bloodstream. The magnitude of this process could be quantitatively controlled by the bacterial load, suggesting that serum hsa-miR-346 is a potentially useful biomarker of MAC pulmonary disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eiko Tamizu
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Uno
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Uwamino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nishio
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Ida Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nakano
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Ida Hospital, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shiono
- Medical Business Development Division, Nikon Corporation, Japan
| | - Ho Namkoong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Eiju General Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoki Hasegawa
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan.
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CYP3A4 is a crosslink between vitamin D and calcineurin inhibitors in solid organ transplant recipients: implications for bone health. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 17:481-487. [PMID: 28418012 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of post-transplant bone disease. CNIs and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1,25(OH)2D3) are substrates of the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4. This review summarizes the indications for the use of activated vitamin D analogs in post-transplant care and the current knowledge on the impact of CNIs on bone. We searched for clinical evidence of the interaction between CNIs and 1,25(OH)2D3. We also provide an overview of the literature on the interplay between vitamin D metabolism and CYP3A4 in experimental and clinical settings and discuss its possible implications for solid organ transplant recipients. In conclusion, there is a body of evidence on the interplay between vitamin D and the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4, which may have therapeutic implications.
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Yang F, Luo LJ, Zhang L, Wang DD, Yang SJ, Ding L, Li J, Chen D, Ma R, Wu JZ, Tang JH. MiR-346 promotes the biological function of breast cancer cells by targeting SRCIN1 and reduces chemosensitivity to docetaxel. Gene 2016; 600:21-28. [PMID: 27913185 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved small noncoding RNAs that play pivotal roles at the post-transcriptional level in the biological function of various cancers, including breast cancer. In our study, miR-346 mimic, inhibitor, negative control or si-SRCIN1 were transfected into MCF-7 and MCF-7/Doc cells, respectively. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure miR-346 and SRCIN1 mRNA expressions and western blot was used to detect the expression of SRCIN1 in protein level. CCK-8 and colony formation were employed to verify cell viability and proliferation. Flow cytometry showed the apoptosis. Transwell was performed to detect migration and invasion. The luciferase reporter assay data showed the target correlation of miR-346 and SRCIN1. Firstly, we found that the expression of miR-346 was higher in breast cancer tissues than in their paired corresponding non-cancerous tissues and there was significant inversed correlation between miR-346 and SRCIN1. Overexpression of miR-346 promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and reduced apoptosis, sensitivity to Docetaxel (Doc). SRCIN1 was identified as a direct target of miR-346, whose silencing promoted cell proliferation and the IC50 of Doc. Moreover, SRCIN1 silencing reduced the effect of miR-346 down-expression. Taken together, miR-346 may function as an oncogenic miRNA and mediate chemosensitivity to docetaxel through targeting SRCIN1 in breast cancer, targeted modulation of miR-346 expression may became a potential strategy for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Long-Ji Luo
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China; The First Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Su-Jin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China; The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Ding
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 21009, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China; The Forth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Baiziting 42, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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