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Ramgopal A, Braverman EL, Sun LK, Monlish D, Wittmann C, Kemp F, Qin M, Ramsey MJ, Cattley R, Hawse W, Byersdorfer CA. AMPK drives both glycolytic and oxidative metabolism in murine and human T cells during graft-versus-host disease. Blood Adv 2024; 8:4149-4162. [PMID: 38810258 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Allogeneic T cells reprogram their metabolism during acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a process involving the cellular energy sensor adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Deletion of AMPK in donor T cells limits GVHD but still preserves homeostatic reconstitution and graft-versus-leukemia effects. In the current studies, murine AMPK knock-out (KO) T cells decreased oxidative metabolism at early time points posttransplant and lacked a compensatory increase in glycolysis after inhibition of the electron transport chain. Immunoprecipitation using an antibody specific to phosphorylated targets of AMPK determined that AMPK modified interactions of several glycolytic enzymes including aldolase, enolase, pyruvate kinase M, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), with enzyme assays confirming impaired aldolase and GAPDH activity in AMPK KO T cells. Importantly, these changes in glycolysis correlated with both an impaired ability of AMPK KO T cells to produce significant amounts of interferon gamma upon antigenic restimulation and a decrease in the total number of donor CD4 T cells recovered at later times posttransplant. Human T cells lacking AMPK gave similar results, with glycolytic compensation impaired both in vitro and after expansion in vivo. Xenogeneic GVHD results also mirrored those of the murine model, with reduced CD4/CD8 ratios and a significant improvement in disease severity. Together these data highlight a significant role for AMPK in controlling oxidative and glycolytic metabolism in both murine and human T cells and endorse further study of AMPK inhibition as a potential clinical target for future GVHD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Ramgopal
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Erica L Braverman
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Lee-Kai Sun
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Darlene Monlish
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Christopher Wittmann
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Felicia Kemp
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Mengtao Qin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Manda J Ramsey
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
| | - Richard Cattley
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William Hawse
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Craig A Byersdorfer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA
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2
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Matsumoto R, Enzhi Y, Takeda K, Morimoto K, Yogo K, Harada M, Tokushige K, Maehara Y, Hirota S, Kojima Y, Ito M, Sougawa N, Miyagawa S, Sawa Y, Okumura K, Uchida K. CD8 + T cell-mediated rejection of allogenic human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte sheets in human PBMC-transferred NOG MHC double knockout mice. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024; 43:1348-1357. [PMID: 38657776 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) has emerged as a promising therapy to treat end-stage heart failure. However, the immunogenicity of hiPS-CMs in transplanted patients has not been fully elucidated. Thus, in vivo models are required to estimate immune responses against hiPS-CMs in transplant recipients. METHODS We transferred human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) into NOD/Shi-scid IL-2rgnull (NOG) MHC class I/II double knockout (NOG-ΔMHC) mice, which were reported to accept hPBMCs without xenogeneic-graft-versus-host disease (xeno-GVHD). Then, hiPS-CM sheets generated from the hiPS cell line 201B7 harboring a luciferase transgene were transplanted into the subcutaneous space of NOG-ΔMHC mice. Graft survival was monitored by bioluminescent images using a Xenogen In Vivo Imaging System. RESULTS The human immune cells were engrafted for more than 3 months in NOG-ΔMHC mice without lethal xeno-GVHD. The hiPS-CMs expressed a moderate level of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-class I, but not HLA-class II, molecules even after interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) stimulation. Consistently, the allogenic IFN-γ-treated hiPS-CMs induced weak CD8+ but not CD4+ T cell responses in vitro. hiPS-CM sheets disappeared approximately 17 to 24 days after transplantation in hPBMC-transferred NOG-ΔMHC mice, and CD8+ T cell depletion significantly prolonged graft survival, similar to what was observed following tacrolimus treatment. CONCLUSIONS hiPS-CMs are less immunogenic in vitro but induce sufficient CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses for graft rejection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Matsumoto
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yin Enzhi
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kodai Morimoto
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yogo
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Harada
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Tokushige
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Maehara
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Hirota
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kojima
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Liver Engineering Laboratory, Department of Applied Research for Laboratory Animals, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nagako Sougawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Physiology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uchida
- Center for Immune Therapeutics and Diagnosis, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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3
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Li W, Xia C, Wang K, Xue L, Wang Y, Yang JY, Zhang M, Yin M, Ju C, Miao Z, Li Y, Zhao X, Yang Z, Tang R, Yang W. Technical considerations and strategies for generating and optimizing humanized mouse tumor models in immuno-oncology research. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112722. [PMID: 39033663 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The field of cancer immunotherapy has experienced significant progress, resulting in the emergence of numerous biological drug candidates requiring in vivo efficacy testing and a better understanding of their mechanism of action (MOA). Humanized immune system (HIS) models are valuable tools in this regard. However, there is a lack of systematic guidance on HIS modeling. To address this issue, the present study aimed to establish and optimize a variety of HIS models for immune-oncology (IO) study, including genetically engineered mouse models and HIS models with human immune components reconstituted in severely immunocompromised mice. The efficacy and utility of these models were tested with several marketed or investigational IO drugs according to their MOA, followed by immunophenotypic analysis and efficacy evaluation. The results of the present study demonstrated that the HIS models responded to various IO drugs as expected and that each model had unique niches, utilities and limitations. Researchers should carefully choose the appropriate models based on the MOA and the targeted immune cell populations of the investigational drug. The present study provides valuable methodologies and actionable technical guidance on designing, generating or utilizing appropriate HIS models to address specific questions in translational IO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Chunlei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Liting Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | | | | | - Ming Yin
- Beijing Vitalstar Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100000, China
| | - Cunxiang Ju
- Gempharmatech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhenchuan Miao
- Beijing Vitalstar Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100000, China
| | - Ying Li
- Gempharmatech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- ClinBridge Biotech Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Renhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - WenQing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development, Nanjing 210000, China; Simcere Zaiming Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China.
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4
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Patel RP, Ghilardi G, Zhang Y, Chiang YH, Xie W, Guruprasad P, Kim KH, Chun I, Angelos MG, Pajarillo R, Hong SJ, Lee YG, Shestova O, Shaw C, Cohen I, Gupta A, Vu T, Qian D, Yang S, Nimmagadda A, Snook AE, Siciliano N, Rotolo A, Inamdar A, Harris J, Ugwuanyi O, Wang M, Carturan A, Paruzzo L, Chen L, Ballard HJ, Blanchard T, Xu C, Abdel-Mohsen M, Gabunia K, Wysocka M, Linette GP, Carreno B, Barrett DM, Teachey DT, Posey AD, Powell DJ, Sauter CT, Pileri S, Pillai V, Scholler J, Rook AH, Schuster SJ, Barta SK, Porazzi P, Ruella M. CD5 deletion enhances the antitumor activity of adoptive T cell therapies. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadn6509. [PMID: 39028827 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adn6509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Most patients treated with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells eventually experience disease progression. Furthermore, CAR T cells have not been curative against solid cancers and several hematological malignancies such as T cell lymphomas, which have very poor prognoses. One of the main barriers to the clinical success of adoptive T cell immunotherapies is CAR T cell dysfunction and lack of expansion and/or persistence after infusion. In this study, we found that CD5 inhibits CAR T cell activation and that knockout (KO) of CD5 using CRISPR-Cas9 enhances the antitumor effect of CAR T cells in multiple hematological and solid cancer models. Mechanistically, CD5 KO drives increased T cell effector function with enhanced cytotoxicity, in vivo expansion, and persistence, without apparent toxicity in preclinical models. These findings indicate that CD5 is a critical inhibitor of T cell function and a potential clinical target for enhancing T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi P Patel
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guido Ghilardi
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yi-Hao Chiang
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Puneeth Guruprasad
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Inkook Chun
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mathew G Angelos
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raymone Pajarillo
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seok Jae Hong
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Gu Lee
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Olga Shestova
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn Shaw
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ivan Cohen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aasha Gupta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Trang Vu
- viTToria Biotherapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dean Qian
- viTToria Biotherapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Yang
- viTToria Biotherapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Antonia Rotolo
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arati Inamdar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaryse Harris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ositadimma Ugwuanyi
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Wang
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alberto Carturan
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luca Paruzzo
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linhui Chen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hatcher J Ballard
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tatiana Blanchard
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chong Xu
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Khatuna Gabunia
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Wysocka
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerald P Linette
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Carreno
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Barrett
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David T Teachey
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Avery D Posey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Powell
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Tor Sauter
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefano Pileri
- Division of Haematopathology, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Italy
| | - Vinodh Pillai
- Division of Hemato-pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Scholler
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alain H Rook
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen J Schuster
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefan K Barta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrizia Porazzi
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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McDonald K, Rodriguez A, Muthukrishnan G. Humanized Mouse Models of Bacterial Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:640. [PMID: 39061322 PMCID: PMC11273811 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections continue to represent a significant healthcare burden worldwide, causing considerable mortality and morbidity every year. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains continues to rise, posing serious risks to controlling global disease outbreaks. To develop novel and more effective treatment and vaccination programs, there is a need for clinically relevant small animal models. Since multiple bacterial species have human-specific tropism for numerous virulence factors and toxins, conventional mouse models do not fully represent human disease. Several human disease characteristic phenotypes, such as lung granulomas in the case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, are absent in standard mouse models. Alternatively, certain pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and Staphylococcus aureus, can be well tolerated in mice and cleared quickly. To address this, multiple groups have developed humanized mouse models and observed enhanced susceptibility to infection and a more faithful recapitulation of human disease. In the last two decades, multiple humanized mouse models have been developed to attempt to recapitulate the human immune system in a small animal model. In this review, we first discuss the history of immunodeficient mice that has enabled the engraftment of human tissue and the engraftment methods currently used in the field. We then highlight how humanized mouse models successfully uncovered critical human immune responses to various bacterial infections, including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya McDonald
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Adryiana Rodriguez
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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6
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Yu CI, Maser R, Marches F, Banchereau J, Palucka K. Protocol to construct humanized mice with adult CD34 + hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103155. [PMID: 38935509 PMCID: PMC11260840 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Humanized mice, defined as mice with human immune systems, have become an emerging model to study human hematopoiesis, infectious disease, and cancer. Here, we describe the techniques to generate humanized NSGF6 mice using adult human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We describe steps for constructing and monitoring the engraftment of humanized mice. We then detail procedures for tissue processing and immunophenotyping by flow cytometry to evaluate the multilineage hematopoietic differentiation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Yu et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun I Yu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
| | - Rick Maser
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | | | - Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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7
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Monaco ML, Filpi GA, Kohler SL, Eversole R, Idris OA, Essani K. Oncolytic Tanapoxvirus Recombinants Expressing Flagellin C or Mouse Interleukin-2 Are Capable of Regressing Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Xenografts in Immuno-Competent BALB/c Nude Mice. Pathogens 2024; 13:402. [PMID: 38787254 PMCID: PMC11124456 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in humans is the most aggressive and deadly form of BC. Although TNBCs are about 15 percent of the total number of BC cases, they are associated with the highest mortalities. Current treatment options are limited, and most modalities are toxic and have not increased the 5-year survival rates of TNBC. Many oncolytic viruses are emerging as potential therapies for TNBC. In this study, two Tanapoxvirus (TPV) recombinants, one expressing FliC and the other expressing mouse interleukin-2 (mIL-2), were assessed for their efficacy in an immuno-competent xenograft mouse model. MDA-MB-231 tumors were planted in BALB/c nude mice, treated, made immuno-competent via adoptive transfer of splenocytes from healthy BALB/c donors, and then monitored for 40 days. TPV/Δ2L/66R/FliC and TPV/Δ66R/mIL-2 demonstrated significant tumor reduction (p = 0.01602 and p = 0.03890, respectively) compared to the reconstituted control (RC), whereas wtTPV did not. Pathological analyses of treated tumors revealed cells consistent with lymphocyte and plasma cell morphology in reconstituted mice treated with TPV recombinants. Anti-viral plaque reduction assays conducted using harvested serum from treated animals indicated the presence of anti-TPV antibodies in mice reconstituted and treated with TPV that were missing from immune-deficient nude mice, including those exposed to TPV and of statistically equivalent serum concentrations to normal BALB/c mice immunized against TPV. The results suggest immuno-deficient BALB/c nude mice can become immuno-competent via adoptive transfer of splenocytes from genetically identical donors and allow for testing of tumor xenografts in a competent model system. The TPV recombinants tested should be further studied for the potential treatment of human TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Karim Essani
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA; (M.L.M.); (G.A.F.); (S.L.K.); (R.E.); (O.A.I.)
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8
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Vecchione A, Khosravi-Maharlooei M, Danzl N, Li HW, Nauman G, Madley R, Waffarn E, Winchester R, Ruiz A, Ding X, Fousteri G, Sykes M. Follicular helper- and peripheral helper-like T cells drive autoimmune disease in human immune system mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.591692. [PMID: 38746102 PMCID: PMC11092663 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.591692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Human immune system (HIS) mice constructed in various ways are widely used for investigations of human immune responses to pathogens, transplants and immunotherapies. In HIS mice that generate T cells de novo from hematopoietic progenitors, T cell-dependent multisystem autoimmune disease occurs, most rapidly when the human T cells develop in the native NOD.Cg- Prkdc scid Il2rg tm1Wjl (NSG) mouse thymus, where negative selection is abnormal. Disease develops very late when human T cells develop in human fetal thymus grafts, where robust negative selection is observed. We demonstrate here that PD-1 + CD4 + peripheral (Tph) helper-like and follicular (Tfh) helper-like T cells developing in HIS mice can induce autoimmune disease. Tfh-like cells were more prominent in HIS mice with a mouse thymus, in which the highest levels of IgG were detected in plasma, compared to those with a human thymus. While circulating IgG and IgM antibodies were autoreactive to multiple mouse antigens, in vivo depletion of B cells and antibodies did not delay the development of autoimmune disease. Conversely, adoptive transfer of enriched Tfh- or Tph-like cells induced disease and autoimmunity-associated B cell phenotypes in recipient mice containing autologous human APCs without T cells. T cells from mice with a human thymus expanded and induced disease more rapidly than those originating in a murine thymus, implicating HLA-restricted T cell-APC interactions in this process. Since Tfh, Tph, autoantibodies and LIP have all been implicated in various forms of human autoimmune disease, the observations here provide a platform for the further dissection of human autoimmune disease mechanisms and therapies.
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9
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Martin KE, Hammer Q, Perica K, Sadelain M, Malmberg KJ. Engineering immune-evasive allogeneic cellular immunotherapies. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01022-8. [PMID: 38658708 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Allogeneic cellular immunotherapies hold a great promise for cancer treatment owing to their potential cost-effectiveness, scalability and on-demand availability. However, immune rejection of adoptively transferred allogeneic T and natural killer (NK) cells is a substantial obstacle to achieving clinical responses that are comparable to responses obtained with current autologous chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies. In this Perspective, we discuss strategies to confer cell-intrinsic, immune-evasive properties to allogeneic T cells and NK cells in order to prevent or delay their immune rejection, thereby widening the therapeutic window. We discuss how common viral and cancer immune escape mechanisms can serve as a blueprint for improving the persistence of off-the-shelf allogeneic cell therapies. The prospects of harnessing genome editing and synthetic biology to design cell-based precision immunotherapies extend beyond programming target specificities and require careful consideration of innate and adaptive responses in the recipient that may curtail the biodistribution, in vivo expansion and persistence of cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Martin
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Quirin Hammer
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karlo Perica
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cell Therapy Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michel Sadelain
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, The University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Phoon YP, Lopes JE, Pfannenstiel LW, Marcela Diaz-Montero C, Tian YF, Ernstoff MS, Funchain P, Ko JS, Winquist R, Losey HC, Melenhorst JJ, Gastman BR. Autologous human preclinical modeling of melanoma interpatient clinical responses to immunotherapeutics. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008066. [PMID: 38604813 PMCID: PMC11015209 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent advances in immunotherapy, a substantial population of late-stage melanoma patients still fail to achieve sustained clinical benefit. Lack of translational preclinical models continues to be a major challenge in the field of immunotherapy; thus, more optimized translational models could strongly influence clinical trial development. To address this unmet need, we designed a preclinical model reflecting the heterogeneity in melanoma patients' clinical responses that can be used to evaluate novel immunotherapies and synergistic combinatorial treatment strategies. Using our all-autologous humanized melanoma mouse model, we examined the efficacy of a novel engineered interleukin 2 (IL-2)-based cytokine variant immunotherapy. METHODS To study immune responses and antitumor efficacy for human melanoma tumors, we developed an all-autologous humanized melanoma mouse model using clinically annotated, matched patient tumor cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). After inoculating immunodeficient NSG mice with patient tumors and an adoptive cell transfer of autologous PBMCs, mice were treated with anti-PD-1, a novel investigational engineered IL-2-based cytokine (nemvaleukin), or recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2). The pharmacodynamic effects and antitumor efficacy of these treatments were then evaluated. We used tumor cells and autologous PBMCs from patients with varying immunotherapy responses to both model the diversity of immunotherapy efficacy observed in the clinical setting and to recapitulate the heterogeneous nature of melanoma. RESULTS Our model exhibited long-term survival of engrafted human PBMCs without developing graft-versus-host disease. Administration of an anti-PD-1 or nemvaleukin elicited antitumor responses in our model that were patient-specific and were found to parallel clinical responsiveness to checkpoint inhibitors. An evaluation of nemvaleukin-treated mice demonstrated increased tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, preferential expansion of non-regulatory T cell subsets in the spleen, and significant delays in tumor growth compared with vehicle-treated controls or mice treated with rhIL-2. CONCLUSIONS Our model reproduces differential effects of immunotherapy in melanoma patients, capturing the inherent heterogeneity in clinical responses. Taken together, these data demonstrate our model's translatability for novel immunotherapies in melanoma patients. The data are also supportive for the continued clinical investigation of nemvaleukin as a novel immunotherapeutic for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Peng Phoon
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology (CITI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Claudia Marcela Diaz-Montero
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology (CITI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ye F Tian
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Pauline Funchain
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jan Joseph Melenhorst
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology (CITI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian R Gastman
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology (CITI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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11
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Bin Y, Ren J, Zhang H, Zhang T, Liu P, Xin Z, Yang H, Feng Z, Chen Z, Zhang H. Against all odds: The road to success in the development of human immune reconstitution mice. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38591343 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The mouse genome has a high degree of homology with the human genome, and its physiological, biochemical, and developmental regulation mechanisms are similar to those of humans; therefore, mice are widely used as experimental animals. However, it is undeniable that interspecies differences between humans and mice can lead to experimental errors. The differences in the immune system have become an important factor limiting current immunological research. The application of immunodeficient mice provides a possible solution to these problems. By transplanting human immune cells or tissues, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells or hematopoietic stem cells, into immunodeficient mice, a human immune system can be reconstituted in the mouse body, and the engrafted immune cells can elicit human-specific immune responses. Researchers have been actively exploring the development and differentiation conditions of host recipient animals and grafts in order to achieve better immune reconstitution. Through genetic engineering methods, immunodeficient mice can be further modified to provide a favorable developmental and differentiation microenvironment for the grafts. From initially only being able to reconstruct single T lymphocyte lineages, it is now possible to reconstruct lymphoid and myeloid cells, providing important research tools for immunology-related studies. In this review, we compare the differences in immune systems of humans and mice, describe the development history of human immune reconstitution from the perspectives of immunodeficient mice and grafts, and discuss the latest advances in enhancing the efficiency of human immune cell reconstitution, aiming to provide important references for immunological related researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Bin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haowei Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peijuan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiqian Xin
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haijiao Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuan Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhinan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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12
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Dong H, He X, Zhang L, Chen W, Lin YC, Liu SB, Wang H, Nguyen LXT, Li M, Zhu Y, Zhao D, Ghoda L, Serody J, Vincent B, Luznik L, Gojo I, Zeidner J, Su R, Chen J, Sharma R, Pirrotte P, Wu X, Hu W, Han W, Shen B, Kuo YH, Jin J, Salhotra A, Wang J, Marcucci G, Luo YL, Li L. Targeting PRMT9-mediated arginine methylation suppresses cancer stem cell maintenance and elicits cGAS-mediated anticancer immunity. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:601-624. [PMID: 38413714 PMCID: PMC11056319 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Current anticancer therapies cannot eliminate all cancer cells, which hijack normal arginine methylation as a means to promote their maintenance via unknown mechanisms. Here we show that targeting protein arginine N-methyltransferase 9 (PRMT9), whose activities are elevated in blasts and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), eliminates disease via cancer-intrinsic mechanisms and cancer-extrinsic type I interferon (IFN)-associated immunity. PRMT9 ablation in AML cells decreased the arginine methylation of regulators of RNA translation and the DNA damage response, suppressing cell survival. Notably, PRMT9 inhibition promoted DNA damage and activated cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, which underlies the type I IFN response. Genetically activating cyclic GMP-AMP synthase in AML cells blocked leukemogenesis. We also report synergy of a PRMT9 inhibitor with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 in eradicating AML. Overall, we conclude that PRMT9 functions in survival and immune evasion of both LSCs and non-LSCs; targeting PRMT9 may represent a potential anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Dong
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xin He
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Song-Bai Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Xuan Truong Nguyen
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Min Li
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yinghui Zhu
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lucy Ghoda
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Serody
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin Vincent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Computational Medicine Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leo Luznik
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ivana Gojo
- Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Zeidner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ritin Sharma
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Weidong Hu
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Weidong Han
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Binghui Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ya-Huei Kuo
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Amandeep Salhotra
- Department of Hematology and HCT, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Hematology and HCT, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yun Lyna Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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13
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Nakano H, Sato K, Izawa J, Takayama N, Hayakawa H, Ikeda T, Kawaguchi SI, Mashima K, Umino K, Morita K, Ito R, Ohno N, Tominaga K, Endo H, Kanda Y. Fatty Acids Play a Critical Role in Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Effector T Cells in Graft-versus-Host Disease. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:228-241. [PMID: 38441482 PMCID: PMC10985061 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the role of aerobic glycolysis in activated T cells has been well characterized, whether and how fatty acids (FAs) contribute to donor T cell function in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is unclear. Using xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) models, this study demonstrated that exogenous FAs serve as a crucial source of mitochondrial respiration in donor T cells in humans. By comparing human T cells isolated from wild-type NOD/Shi-scid-IL2rγnull (NOG) mice with those from MHC class I/II-deficient NOG mice, we found that donor T cells increased extracellular FA uptake, the extent of which correlates with their proliferation, and continued to increase FA uptake during effector differentiation. Gene expression analysis showed the upregulation of a wide range of lipid metabolism-related genes, including lipid hydrolysis, mitochondrial FA transport, and FA oxidation. Extracellular flux analysis demonstrated that mitochondrial FA transport was required to fully achieve the mitochondrial maximal respiration rate and spare respiratory capacity, whereas the substantial disruption of glucose supply by either glucose deprivation or mitochondrial pyruvate transport blockade did not impair oxidative phosphorylation. Taken together, FA-driven mitochondrial respiration is a hallmark that differentiates TCR-dependent T cell activation from TCR-independent immune response after hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Nakano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Sato
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Junko Izawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Norihito Takayama
- Core Center of Research Apparatus, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hayakawa
- Core Center of Research Apparatus, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikeda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Mashima
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kento Umino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Morita
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryoji Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tominaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kanda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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14
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Chou SC, Yen CT, Yang YL, Chen SH, Wang JD, Fan MN, Chen LF, Yu IS, Tsai DY, Lin KI, Tao MH, Wu JC, Lin SW. Recapitulating the immune system of hemophilia A patients with inhibitors using immunodeficient mice. Thromb Res 2024; 235:155-163. [PMID: 38341989 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Treating hemophilia A patients who develop inhibitors remains a clinical challenge. A mouse model of hemophilia A can be used to test the efficacy of strategies for inhibitor suppression, but the differences in the immune systems of mice and humans limit its utility. To address this shortcoming, we established a humanized NOD/SCID-IL2rγnull hemophilia A (hu-NSG-HA) mouse model with a severely deficient mouse immune system presenting a patient's adapted immune cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Through intrasplenic injection with patient inhibitor-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), utilizing an adeno-associated viral delivery system expressing human BLyS, and regular FVIII challenge, human C19+ B cells were expanded in vivo to secrete anti-FVIII antibodies. Both the inhibitor and the human anti-FVIII IgG, including the predominant subclasses (IgG1 and IgG4) present in the majority of inhibitor patients, were detected in the mouse model. We further segregated and expanded the different clones of human anti-FVIII-secreting cells through subsequent transplantation of splenocytes derived from hu-NSG-HA mice into another NSG-HA mouse. By transplanting a patient's PBMCs into the NSG-HA mouse model, we demonstrated the success of reintroducing a strong anti-FVIII immune response for a short period in mice with the immune systems of inhibitor-positive patients. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a potential tool for directly obtaining functional human-derived antigen-specific antibodies and antibody-secreting cells, which may have therapeutic value for testing patient-specific immune responses to treatment options to assist in clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chieh Chou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tzu Yen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huey Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiaan-Der Wang
- Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung City 407, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ni Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Shing Yu
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Yan Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ching Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Strobl J, Gail LM, Krecu L, Madad S, Kleissl L, Unterluggauer L, Redl A, Brazdilova K, Saluzzo S, Wohlfarth P, Knaus HA, Mitterbauer M, Rabitsch W, Haniffa M, Stary G. Diverse macrophage populations contribute to distinct manifestations of human cutaneous graft-versus-host disease. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:402-414. [PMID: 38010706 PMCID: PMC10873647 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a major life-threatening complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), limiting the broad application of HSCT for haematological malignancies. Cutaneous GvHD is described as a post-transplant inflammatory reaction by skin-infiltrating donor T cells and remaining recipient tissue-resident memory T cells. Despite the major influence of lymphocytes on GvHD pathogenesis, the complex role of mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) in tissues affected by GvHD is increasingly appreciated. OBJECTIVES To characterize the identity, origin and functions of MNPs in patients with acute cutaneous GvHD. METHODS Using single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplex tissue immunofluorescence, we identified an increased abundance of MNPs in skin and blood from 36 patients with acute cutaneous GvHD. In cases of sex-mismatched transplantation, we used expression of X-linked genes to detect rapid tissue adaptation of newly recruited donor MNPs resulting in similar transcriptional states of host- and donor-derived macrophages within GvHD skin lesions. RESULTS We showed that cutaneous GvHD lesions harbour expanded CD163+ tissue-resident macrophage populations with anti-inflammatory and tissue-remodelling properties including interleukin-10 cytokine production. Cell-cell interaction analyses revealed putative signalling to strengthen regulatory T-cell responses. Notably, macrophage polarization in chronic cutaneous GvHD types was proinflammatory and drastically differed from acute GvHD, supporting the notion of distinct cellular players in different clinical GvHD subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data reveal a surprisingly dynamic role of MNPs after HSCT. Specific and time-resolved targeting to repolarize this cell subset may present a promising therapeutic strategy in combatting GvHD skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Strobl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura M Gail
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Krecu
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Shaista Madad
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa Kleissl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luisa Unterluggauer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Redl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kveta Brazdilova
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simona Saluzzo
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Wohlfarth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanna A Knaus
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Mitterbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Rabitsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Eggenhuizen PJ, Cheong RMY, Lo C, Chang J, Ng BH, Ting YT, Monk JA, Loh KL, Broury A, Tay ESV, Shen C, Zhong Y, Lim S, Chung JX, Kandane-Rathnayake R, Koelmeyer R, Hoi A, Chaudhry A, Manzanillo P, Snelgrove SL, Morand EF, Ooi JD. Smith-specific regulatory T cells halt the progression of lupus nephritis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:899. [PMID: 38321013 PMCID: PMC10847119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress pathogenic autoreactivity and are potential therapeutic candidates for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus nephritis is associated with autoreactivity to the Smith (Sm) autoantigen and the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR15 haplotype; hence, we investigated the potential of Sm-specific Tregs (Sm-Tregs) to suppress disease. Here we identify a HLA-DR15 restricted immunodominant Sm T cell epitope using biophysical affinity binding assays, then identify high-affinity Sm-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) using high-throughput single-cell sequencing. Using lentiviral vectors, we transduce our lead Sm-specific TCR into Tregs derived from patients with SLE who are anti-Sm and HLA-DR15 positive. Compared with polyclonal mock-transduced Tregs, Sm-Tregs potently suppress Sm-specific pro-inflammatory responses in vitro and suppress disease progression in a humanized mouse model of lupus nephritis. These results show that Sm-Tregs are a promising therapy for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Eggenhuizen
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel M Y Cheong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Cecilia Lo
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Janet Chang
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Boaz H Ng
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yi Tian Ting
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie A Monk
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Khai L Loh
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashraf Broury
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Elean S V Tay
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Chanjuan Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Steven Lim
- Alfred Research Alliance Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jia Xi Chung
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rangi Kandane-Rathnayake
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Koelmeyer
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Alberta Hoi
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Sarah L Snelgrove
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua D Ooi
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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17
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Daigre J, Martinez-Osuna M, Bethke M, Steiner L, Dittmer V, Krischer K, Bleilevens C, Brauner J, Kopatz J, Grundmann MD, Praveen P, Eckardt D, Bosio A, Herbel C. Preclinical Evaluation of Novel Folate Receptor 1-Directed CAR T Cells for Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:333. [PMID: 38254822 PMCID: PMC10813853 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for ovarian cancer patients are limited, and a high unmet clinical need remains for targeted and long-lasting, efficient drugs. Genetically modified T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), are promising new drugs that can be directed towards a defined target and have shown efficient, as well as persisting, anti-tumor responses in many patients. We sought to develop novel CAR T cells targeting ovarian cancer and to assess these candidates preclinically. First, we identified potential CAR targets on ovarian cancer samples. We confirmed high and consistent expressions of the tumor-associated antigen FOLR1 on primary ovarian cancer samples. Subsequently, we designed a series of CAR T cell candidates against the identified target and demonstrated their functionality against ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro and in an in vivo xenograft model. Finally, we performed additional in vitro assays recapitulating immune suppressive mechanisms present in solid tumors and developed a process for the automated manufacturing of our CAR T cell candidate. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of anti-FOLR1 CAR T cells for ovarian cancer and potentially other FOLR1-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christoph Herbel
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 68, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany; (J.D.); (M.M.-O.); (M.B.); (L.S.); (V.D.); (K.K.); (C.B.); (J.B.); (J.K.); (M.D.G.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (A.B.)
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18
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Giardino Torchia ML, Moody G. DIALing-up the preclinical characterization of gene-modified adoptive cellular immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264882. [PMID: 38090585 PMCID: PMC10713823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The preclinical characterization of gene modified adoptive cellular immunotherapy candidates for clinical development often requires the use of mouse models. Gene-modified lymphocytes (GML) incorporating chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) and T-cell receptors (TCR) into immune effector cells require in vivo characterization of biological activity, mechanism of action, and preclinical safety. Typically, this characterization involves the assessment of dose-dependent, on-target, on-tumor activity in severely immunocompromised mice. While suitable for the purpose of evaluating T cell-expressed transgene function in a living host, this approach falls short in translating cellular therapy efficacy, safety, and persistence from preclinical models to humans. To comprehensively characterize cell therapy products in mice, we have developed a framework called "DIAL". This framework aims to enable an end-to-end understanding of genetically engineered cellular immunotherapies in vivo, from infusion to tumor clearance and long-term immunosurveillance. The acronym DIAL stands for Distribution, Infiltration, Accumulation, and Longevity, compartmentalizing the systemic attributes of gene-modified cellular therapy and providing a platform for optimization with the ultimate goal of improving therapeutic efficacy. This review will discuss both existent and emerging examples of DIAL characterization in mouse models, as well as opportunities for future development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon Moody
- Cell Therapy Unit, Oncology Research, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
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19
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Jia B, Zhao C, Minagawa K, Shike H, Claxton DF, Ehmann WC, Rybka WB, Mineishi S, Wang M, Schell TD, Prabhu KS, Paulson RF, Zhang Y, Shultz LD, Zheng H. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Causes T Cell Exhaustion and Depletion in a Humanized Graft-versus-Leukemia Model. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1426-1437. [PMID: 37712758 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is, in many clinical settings, the only curative treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The clinical benefit of alloSCT greatly relies on the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. However, AML relapse remains the top cause of posttransplant death; this highlights the urgent need to enhance GVL. Studies of human GVL have been hindered by the lack of optimal clinically relevant models. In this article, we report, the successful establishment of a novel (to our knowledge) humanized GVL model system by transplanting clinically paired donor PBMCs and patient AML into MHC class I/II knockout NSG mice. We observed significantly reduced leukemia growth in humanized mice compared with mice that received AML alone, demonstrating a functional GVL effect. Using this model system, we studied human GVL responses against human AML cells in vivo and discovered that AML induced T cell depletion, likely because of increased T cell apoptosis. In addition, AML caused T cell exhaustion manifested by upregulation of inhibitory receptors, increased expression of exhaustion-related transcription factors, and decreased T cell function. Importantly, combined blockade of human T cell-inhibitory pathways effectively reduced leukemia burden and reinvigorated CD8 T cell function in this model system. These data, generated in a highly clinically relevant humanized GVL model, not only demonstrate AML-induced inhibition of alloreactive T cells but also identify promising therapeutic strategies targeting T cell depletion and exhaustion for overcoming GVL failure and treating AML relapse after alloSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jia
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Kentaro Minagawa
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Hiroko Shike
- Department of Pathology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - David F Claxton
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - W Christopher Ehmann
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Witold B Rybka
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Shin Mineishi
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Todd D Schell
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Edison, NJ
| | - Leonard D Shultz
- Department of Immunology, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Hong Zheng
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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20
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Wang W, Li Y, Lin K, Wang X, Tu Y, Zhuo Z. Progress in building clinically relevant patient-derived tumor xenograft models for cancer research. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:381-398. [PMID: 37679891 PMCID: PMC10614132 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models, a method involving the surgical extraction of tumor tissues from cancer patients and subsequent transplantation into immunodeficient mice, have emerged as a pivotal approach in translational research, particularly in advancing precision medicine. As the first stage of PDX development, the patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models implant tumor tissue in mice in the corresponding anatomical locations of the patient. The PDOX models have several advantages, including high fidelity to the original tumor, heightened drug sensitivity, and an elevated rate of successful transplantation. However, the PDOX models present significant challenges, requiring advanced surgical techniques and resource-intensive imaging technologies, which limit its application. And then, the humanized mouse models, as well as the zebrafish models, were developed. Humanized mouse models contain a human immune environment resembling the tumor and immune system interplay. The humanized mouse models are a hot topic in PDX model research. Regarding zebrafish patient-derived tumor xenografts (zPDX) and patient-derived organoids (PDO) as promising models for studying cancer and drug discovery, zPDX models are used to transplant tumors into zebrafish as novel personalized medical animal models with the advantage of reducing patient waiting time. PDO models provide a cost-effective approach for drug testing that replicates the in vivo environment and preserves important tumor-related information for patients. The present review highlights the functional characteristics of each new phase of PDX and provides insights into the challenges and prospective developments in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Wang
- Department of Clinical MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yongshu Li
- College of Life SciencesHubei Normal UniversityHuangshiChina
- Shenzhen Institute for Technology InnovationNational Institute of MetrologyShenzhenChina
| | - Kaida Lin
- Department of Clinical MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- Department of PharmacyShenzhen Longhua District Central HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Research Center, Huizhou Central People's HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityHuizhou CityChina
| | - Zhenjian Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
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21
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Ellis CE, Mojibian M, Ida S, Fung VCW, Skovsø S, McIver E, O'Dwyer S, Webber TD, Braam MJS, Saber N, Sasaki S, Lynn FC, Kieffer TJ, Levings MK. Human A2-CAR T Cells Reject HLA-A2 + Human Islets Transplanted Into Mice Without Inducing Graft-versus-host Disease. Transplantation 2023; 107:e222-e233. [PMID: 37528526 PMCID: PMC10527662 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Islet transplantation is an effective therapy, but its success is limited by islet quality and availability along with the need for immunosuppression. New approaches include the use of stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells and immunomodulatory therapies, but a limitation is the paucity of reproducible animal models in which interactions between human immune cells and insulin-producing cells can be studied without the complication of xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (xGVHD). METHODS We expressed an HLA-A2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (A2-CAR) in human CD4 + and CD8 + T cells and tested their ability to reject HLA-A2 + islets transplanted under the kidney capsule or anterior chamber of the eye of immunodeficient mice. T-cell engraftment, islet function, and xGVHD were assessed longitudinally. RESULTS The speed and consistency of A2-CAR T-cell-mediated islet rejection varied depending on the number of A2-CAR T cells and the absence/presence of coinjected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). When <3 million A2-CAR T cells were injected, coinjection of PBMCs accelerated islet rejection but also induced xGVHD. In the absence of PBMCs, injection of 3 million A2-CAR T cells caused synchronous rejection of A2 + human islets within 1 wk and without xGVHD for 12 wk. CONCLUSIONS Injection of A2-CAR T cells can be used to study rejection of human insulin-producing cells without the complication of xGVHD. The rapidity and synchrony of rejection will facilitate in vivo screening of new therapies designed to improve the success of islet-replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Ellis
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Majid Mojibian
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shogo Ida
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vivian C W Fung
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Søs Skovsø
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Emma McIver
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shannon O'Dwyer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Travis D Webber
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mitchell J S Braam
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nelly Saber
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shugo Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Cantley J, Eizirik DL, Latres E, Dayan CM. Islet cells in human type 1 diabetes: from recent advances to novel therapies - a symposium-based roadmap for future research. J Endocrinol 2023; 259:e230082. [PMID: 37493471 PMCID: PMC10502961 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing understanding that the early phases of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are characterised by a deleterious dialogue between the pancreatic beta cells and the immune system. This, combined with the urgent need to better translate this growing knowledge into novel therapies, provided the background for the JDRF-DiabetesUK-INNODIA-nPOD symposium entitled 'Islet cells in human T1D: from recent advances to novel therapies', which took place in Stockholm, Sweden, in September 2022. We provide in this article an overview of the main themes addressed in the symposium, pointing to both promising conclusions and key unmet needs that remain to be addressed in order to achieve better approaches to prevent or reverse T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cantley
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - D L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles Faculté de Médecine, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - E Latres
- JDRF International, New York, NY, USA
| | - C M Dayan
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - the JDRF-DiabetesUK-INNODIA-nPOD Stockholm Symposium 2022
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles Faculté de Médecine, Bruxelles, Belgium
- JDRF International, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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23
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Kayser C, Brauer A, Susanne S, Wandmacher AM. The challenge of making the right choice: patient avatars in the era of cancer immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1237565. [PMID: 37638045 PMCID: PMC10449253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1237565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are a key therapeutic strategy to fight cancer. Diverse approaches are used to activate tumor-directed immunity and to overcome tumor immune escape. The dynamic interplay between tumor cells and their tumor(immune)microenvironment (T(I)ME) poses a major challenge to create appropriate model systems. However, those model systems are needed to gain novel insights into tumor (immune) biology and a prerequisite to accurately develop and test immunotherapeutic approaches which can be successfully translated into clinical application. Several model systems have been established and advanced into so-called patient avatars to mimic the patient´s tumor biology. All models have their advantages but also disadvantages underscoring the necessity to pay attention in defining the rationale and requirements for which the patient avatar will be used. Here, we briefly outline the current state of tumor model systems used for tumor (immune)biological analysis as well as evaluation of immunotherapeutic agents. Finally, we provide a recommendation for further development to make patient avatars a complementary tool for testing and predicting immunotherapeutic strategies for personalization of tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Kayser
- Group of Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Annika Brauer
- Group of Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebens Susanne
- Group of Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Maxi Wandmacher
- Group of Inflammatory Carcinogenesis, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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24
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Kumari R, Feuer G, Bourré L. Humanized Mouse Models for Immuno-oncology Drug Discovery. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e852. [PMID: 37552031 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Breakthroughs in cancer treatment with immunotherapeutics have provided long-term patient benefits for many different types of cancer. However, complete response is not achieved in many patients and tumor types, and the mechanisms underlying this lack of response are poorly understood. Despite this, numerous new targets, therapeutics, and drug combinations are being developed and tested in clinical trials. Preclinical models that recapitulate the complex human tumor microenvironment and the interplay between tumor and immune cells within the cancer-immunity cycle are needed to improve our understanding and screen new therapeutics for efficacy and safety/toxicity. Humanized mice, encompassing human tumors and human immune cells engrafted on immunodeficient mice, have been widely used for many years in immuno-oncology, with developments to improve both the humanization and the translational value central to the next generation of models. In this overview, we discuss recent advances in humanized models relevant to immuno-oncology drug discovery, the advantages and limitations of such models, the application of humanized models for efficacy and safety assessments of immunotherapeutics, and the potential opportunities. © 2023 Crown Bioscience. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerold Feuer
- Crown Bioscience Inc., San Diego, California, USA
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25
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Cieniewicz B, Bhatta A, Torabi D, Baichoo P, Saxton M, Arballo A, Nguyen L, Thomas S, Kethar H, Kukutla P, Shoaga O, Yu B, Yang Z, Fate M, Oliveira E, Ning H, Corey L, Corey D. Chimeric TIM-4 receptor-modified T cells targeting phosphatidylserine mediates both cytotoxic anti-tumor responses and phagocytic uptake of tumor-associated antigen for T cell cross-presentation. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2132-2153. [PMID: 37194236 PMCID: PMC10362418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To leverage complementary mechanisms for cancer cell removal, we developed a novel cell engineering and therapeutic strategy co-opting phagocytic clearance and antigen presentation activity into T cells. We engineered a chimeric engulfment receptor (CER)-1236, which combines the extracellular domain of TIM-4, a phagocytic receptor recognizing the "eat me" signal phosphatidylserine, with intracellular signaling domains (TLR2/TIR, CD28, and CD3ζ) to enhance both TIM-4-mediated phagocytosis and T cell cytotoxic function. CER-1236 T cells demonstrate target-dependent phagocytic function and induce transcriptional signatures of key regulators responsible for phagocytic recognition and uptake, along with cytotoxic mediators. Pre-clinical models of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) demonstrate collaborative innate-adaptive anti-tumor immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with BTK (MCL) and EGFR (NSCLC) inhibitors increased target ligand, conditionally driving CER-1236 function to augment anti-tumor responses. We also show that activated CER-1236 T cells exhibit superior cross-presentation ability compared with conventional T cells, triggering E7-specific TCR T responses in an HLA class I- and TLR-2-dependent manner, thereby overcoming the limited antigen presentation capacity of conventional T cells. Therefore, CER-1236 T cells have the potential to achieve tumor control by eliciting both direct cytotoxic effects and indirect-mediated cross-priming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankit Bhatta
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Damoun Torabi
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Priya Baichoo
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mike Saxton
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Linh Nguyen
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sunil Thomas
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Harini Kethar
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Omolola Shoaga
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Bi Yu
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Maria Fate
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Edson Oliveira
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hongxiu Ning
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Corey
- Cero Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Gail LM, Schell KJ, Łacina P, Strobl J, Bolton SJ, Steinbakk Ulriksen E, Bogunia-Kubik K, Greinix H, Crossland RE, Inngjerdingen M, Stary G. Complex interactions of cellular players in chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199422. [PMID: 37435079 PMCID: PMC10332803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease is a life-threatening inflammatory condition that affects many patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although we have made substantial progress in understanding disease pathogenesis and the role of specific immune cell subsets, treatment options are still limited. To date, we lack a global understanding of the interplay between the different cellular players involved, in the affected tissues and at different stages of disease development and progression. In this review we summarize our current knowledge on pathogenic and protective mechanisms elicited by the major involved immune subsets, being T cells, B cells, NK cells and antigen presenting cells, as well as the microbiome, with a special focus on intercellular communication of these cell types via extracellular vesicles as up-and-coming fields in chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease research. Lastly, we discuss the importance of understanding systemic and local aberrant cell communication during disease for defining better biomarkers and therapeutic targets, eventually enabling the design of personalized treatment schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marie Gail
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kimberly Julia Schell
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Łacina
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Johanna Strobl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steven J. Bolton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hildegard Greinix
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rachel Emily Crossland
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Parodi M, Astigiano S, Carrega P, Pietra G, Vitale C, Damele L, Grottoli M, Guevara Lopez MDLL, Ferracini R, Bertolini G, Roato I, Vitale M, Orecchia P. Murine models to study human NK cells in human solid tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209237. [PMID: 37388731 PMCID: PMC10301748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first studies, the mouse models have provided crucial support for the most important discoveries on NK cells, on their development, function, and circulation within normal and tumor tissues. Murine tumor models were initially set to study murine NK cells, then, ever more sophisticated human-in-mice models have been developed to investigate the behavior of human NK cells and minimize the interferences from the murine environment. This review presents an overview of the models that have been used along time to study NK cells, focusing on the most popular NOG and NSG models, which work as recipients for the preparation of human-in-mice tumor models, the study of transferred human NK cells, and the evaluation of various enhancers of human NK cell function, including cytokines and chimeric molecules. Finally, an overview of the next generation humanized mice is also provided along with a discussion on how traditional and innovative in-vivo and in-vitro approaches could be integrated to optimize effective pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Parodi
- Unità Operativa UO Patologia e Immunologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Simonetta Astigiano
- Animal Facility, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Carrega
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Unità Operativa UO Patologia e Immunologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale
- Unità Operativa UO Patologia e Immunologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Damele
- Unità Operativa UO Patologia e Immunologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Melania Grottoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Ferracini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Bone and Dental Bioengineering Laboratory, C.I.R Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertolini
- “Epigenomics and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors”, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Roato
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Bone and Dental Bioengineering Laboratory, C.I.R Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Vitale
- Unità Operativa UO Patologia e Immunologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Orecchia
- Unità Operativa UO Patologia e Immunologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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Ramgopal A, Braverman EL, Sun LK, Monlish D, Wittmann C, Ramsey MJ, Caitley R, Hawse W, Byersdorfer CA. AMPK Drives Both Glycolytic and Oxidative Metabolism in T Cells During Graft-versus-host Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.12.544686. [PMID: 37398326 PMCID: PMC10312647 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.12.544686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic T cells reprogram their metabolism during acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a process reliant on the cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Deletion of AMPK in donor T cells limits GVHD but still preserves homeostatic reconstitution and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects. In the current studies, murine T cells lacking AMPK decreased oxidative metabolism at early timepoints post-transplant and were also unable to mediate a compensatory increase in glycolysis following inhibition of the electron transport chain. Human T cells lacking AMPK gave similar results, with glycolytic compensation impaired both in vitro and following expansion in vivo in a modified model of GVHD. Immunoprecipitation of proteins from day 7 allogeneic T cells, using an antibody specific to phosphorylated AMPK targets, recovered lower levels of multiple glycolysis-related proteins including the glycolytic enzymes aldolase, enolase, pyruvate kinase M (PKM), and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Functionally, murine T cells lacking AMPK exhibited impaired aldolase activity following anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation and a decrease in GAPDH activity on day 7 post-transplant. Importantly, these changes in glycolysis correlated with an impaired ability of AMPK KO T cells to produce significant amounts of interferon gamma (IFNγ) upon antigenic re-stimulation. Together these data highlight a significant role for AMPK in controlling oxidative and glycolytic metabolism in both murine and human T cells during GVHD and endorse further study of AMPK inhibition as a potential target for future clinical therapies. KEY POINTS AMPK plays a key role in driving both and oxidative and glycolytic metabolism in T cells during graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)Absence of AMPK simultaneously impairs both glycolytic enzyme activity, most notably by aldolase, and interferon gamma (IFNγ) production.
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Yang J, Jiao J, Draheim KM, Yang G, Yang H, Yao LC, Shultz LD, Greiner DL, Rajagopal D, Vessillier S, Maier CC, Mohanan S, Cai D, Cheng M, Brehm MA, Keck JG. Simultaneous evaluation of treatment efficacy and toxicity for bispecific T-cell engager therapeutics in a humanized mouse model. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22995. [PMID: 37219526 PMCID: PMC10242584 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300040r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-oncology (IO)-based therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors, bi-specific antibodies, and CAR-T-cell therapies have shown significant success in the treatment of several cancer indications. However, these therapies can result in the development of severe adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Currently, there is a paucity of in vivo models that can evaluate dose-response relationships for both tumor control and CRS-related safety issues. We tested an in vivo PBMC humanized mouse model to assess both treatment efficacy against specific tumors and the concurrent cytokine release profiles for individual human donors after treatment with a CD19xCD3 bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE). Using this model, we evaluated tumor burden, T-cell activation, and cytokine release in response to bispecific T-cell-engaging antibody in humanized mice generated with different PBMC donors. The results show that PBMC engrafted NOD-scid Il2rgnull mice lacking expression of mouse MHC class I and II (NSG-MHC-DKO mice) and implanted with a tumor xenograft predict both efficacy for tumor control by CD19xCD3 BiTE and stimulated cytokine release. Moreover, our findings indicate that this PBMC-engrafted model captures variability among donors for tumor control and cytokine release following treatment. Tumor control and cytokine release were reproducible for the same PBMC donor in separate experiments. The PBMC humanized mouse model described here is a sensitive and reproducible platform that identifies specific patient/cancer/therapy combinations for treatment efficacy and development of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Yang
- The Jackson Laboratory; Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jing Jiao
- The Jackson Laboratory; Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dale L. Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School; Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Deepa Rajagopal
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Biotherapeutics Division; Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Sandrine Vessillier
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Biotherapeutics Division; Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Curtis C. Maier
- Non Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline plc; Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Sunish Mohanan
- NonClinical Safety and Pathobiology, Gilead Sciences Inc’ Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael A. Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School; Worcester, MA, USA
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30
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Chen A, Neuwirth I, Herndler-Brandstetter D. Modeling the Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunotherapy in Next-Generation Humanized Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2989. [PMID: 37296949 PMCID: PMC10251926 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has brought significant clinical benefits to numerous patients with malignant disease. However, only a fraction of patients experiences complete and durable responses to currently available immunotherapies. This highlights the need for more effective immunotherapies, combination treatments and predictive biomarkers. The molecular properties of a tumor, intratumor heterogeneity and the tumor immune microenvironment decisively shape tumor evolution, metastasis and therapy resistance and are therefore key targets for precision cancer medicine. Humanized mice that support the engraftment of patient-derived tumors and recapitulate the human tumor immune microenvironment of patients represent a promising preclinical model to address fundamental questions in precision immuno-oncology and cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of next-generation humanized mouse models suitable for the establishment and study of patient-derived tumors. Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of modeling the tumor immune microenvironment and testing a variety of immunotherapeutic approaches using human immune system mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dietmar Herndler-Brandstetter
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.); (I.N.)
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31
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Baroncini L, Bredl S, Nicole KP, Speck RF. The Humanized Mouse Model: What Added Value Does It Offer for HIV Research? Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040608. [PMID: 37111494 PMCID: PMC10142098 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early 2000s, novel humanized mouse models based on the transplantation of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) into immunocompromised mice were introduced (hu mice). The human HSPCs gave rise to a lymphoid system of human origin. The HIV research community has greatly benefitted from these hu mice. Since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection results in a high-titer disseminated HIV infection, hu mice have been of great value for all types of HIV research from pathogenesis to novel therapies. Since the first description of this new generation of hu mice, great efforts have been expended to improve humanization by creating other immunodeficient mouse models or supplementing mice with human transgenes to improve human engraftment. Many labs have their own customized hu mouse models, making comparisons quite difficult. Here, we discuss the different hu mouse models in the context of specific research questions in order to define which characteristics should be considered when determining which hu mouse model is appropriate for the question posed. We strongly believe that researchers must first define their research question and then determine whether a hu mouse model exists, allowing the research question to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Baroncini
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Bredl
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kadzioch P Nicole
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto F Speck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Liu Y, Wu W, Cai C, Zhang H, Shen H, Han Y. Patient-derived xenograft models in cancer therapy: technologies and applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:160. [PMID: 37045827 PMCID: PMC10097874 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, in which tumor tissues from patients are implanted into immunocompromised or humanized mice, have shown superiority in recapitulating the characteristics of cancer, such as the spatial structure of cancer and the intratumor heterogeneity of cancer. Moreover, PDX models retain the genomic features of patients across different stages, subtypes, and diversified treatment backgrounds. Optimized PDX engraftment procedures and modern technologies such as multi-omics and deep learning have enabled a more comprehensive depiction of the PDX molecular landscape and boosted the utilization of PDX models. These irreplaceable advantages make PDX models an ideal choice in cancer treatment studies, such as preclinical trials of novel drugs, validating novel drug combinations, screening drug-sensitive patients, and exploring drug resistance mechanisms. In this review, we gave an overview of the history of PDX models and the process of PDX model establishment. Subsequently, the review presents the strengths and weaknesses of PDX models and highlights the integration of novel technologies in PDX model research. Finally, we delineated the broad application of PDX models in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and other novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Changjing Cai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China.
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China.
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Khatri A, Todd JL, Kelly FL, Nagler A, Ji Z, Jain V, Gregory SG, Weinhold KJ, Palmer SM. JAK-STAT activation contributes to cytotoxic T cell-mediated basal cell death in human chronic lung allograft dysfunction. JCI Insight 2023; 8:167082. [PMID: 36946463 PMCID: PMC10070100 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the leading cause of death in lung transplant recipients. CLAD is characterized clinically by a persistent decline in pulmonary function and histologically by the development of airway-centered fibrosis known as bronchiolitis obliterans. There are no approved therapies to treat CLAD, and the mechanisms underlying its development remain poorly understood. We performed single-cell RNA-Seq and spatial transcriptomic analysis of explanted tissues from human lung recipients with CLAD, and we performed independent validation studies to identify an important role of Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling in airway epithelial cells that contributes to airway-specific alloimmune injury. Specifically, we established that activation of JAK-STAT signaling leads to upregulation of major histocompatibility complex 1 (MHC-I) in airway basal cells, an important airway epithelial progenitor population, which leads to cytotoxic T cell-mediated basal cell death. This study provides mechanistic insight into the cell-to-cell interactions driving airway-centric alloimmune injury in CLAD, suggesting a potentially novel therapeutic strategy for CLAD prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaditya Khatri
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie L Todd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fran L Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew Nagler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ji
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Simon G Gregory
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kent J Weinhold
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott M Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Chuprin J, Buettner H, Seedhom MO, Greiner DL, Keck JG, Ishikawa F, Shultz LD, Brehm MA. Humanized mouse models for immuno-oncology research. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:192-206. [PMID: 36635480 PMCID: PMC10593256 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment paradigm for many malignancies and is transforming the drug development landscape. Although immunotherapeutic agents have demonstrated clinical efficacy, they are associated with variable clinical responses, and substantial gaps remain in our understanding of their mechanisms of action and specific biomarkers of response. Currently, the number of preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate interactions between the human immune system and tumours and enable evaluation of human-specific immunotherapies in vivo is limited. Humanized mice, a term that refers to immunodeficient mice co-engrafted with human tumours and immune components, provide several advantages for immuno-oncology research. In this Review, we discuss the benefits and challenges of the currently available humanized mice, including specific interactions between engrafted human tumours and immune components, the development and survival of human innate immune populations in these mice, and approaches to study mice engrafted with matched patient tumours and immune cells. We highlight the latest advances in the generation of humanized mouse models, with the aim of providing a guide for their application to immuno-oncology studies with potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Chuprin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Buettner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mina O Seedhom
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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35
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Michels KR, Sheih A, Hernandez SA, Brandes AH, Parrilla D, Irwin B, Perez AM, Ting HA, Nicolai CJ, Gervascio T, Shin S, Pankau MD, Muhonen M, Freeman J, Gould S, Getto R, Larson RP, Ryu BY, Scharenberg AM, Sullivan AM, Green S. Preclinical proof of concept for VivoVec, a lentiviral-based platform for in vivo CAR T-cell engineering. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006292. [PMID: 36918221 PMCID: PMC10016276 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have demonstrated transformational outcomes in the treatment of B-cell malignancies, but their widespread use is hindered by technical and logistical challenges associated with ex vivo cell manufacturing. To overcome these challenges, we developed VivoVec, a lentiviral vector-based platform for in vivo engineering of T cells. UB-VV100, a VivoVec clinical candidate for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, displays an anti-CD3 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) on the surface and delivers a genetic payload that encodes a second-generation CD19-targeted CAR along with a rapamycin-activated cytokine receptor (RACR) system designed to overcome the need for lymphodepleting chemotherapy in supporting successful CAR T-cell expansion and persistence. In the presence of exogenous rapamycin, non-transduced immune cells are suppressed, while the RACR system in transduced cells converts rapamycin binding to an interleukin (IL)-2/IL-15 signal to promote proliferation. METHODS UB-VV100 was administered to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors and from patients with B-cell malignancy without additional stimulation. Cultures were assessed for CAR T-cell transduction and function. Biodistribution was evaluated in CD34-humanized mice and in canines. In vivo efficacy was evaluated against normal B cells in CD34-humanized mice and against systemic tumor xenografts in PBMC-humanized mice. RESULTS In vitro, administration of UB-VV100 resulted in dose-dependent and anti-CD3 scFv-dependent T-cell activation and CAR T-cell transduction. The resulting CAR T cells exhibited selective expansion in rapamycin and antigen-dependent activity against malignant B-cell targets. In humanized mouse and canine studies, UB-VV100 demonstrated a favorable biodistribution profile, with transduction events limited to the immune compartment after intranodal or intraperitoneal administration. Administration of UB-VV100 to humanized mice engrafted with B-cell tumors resulted in CAR T-cell transduction, expansion, and elimination of systemic malignancy. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that UB-VV100 generates functional CAR T cells in vivo, which could expand patient access to CAR T technology in both hematological and solid tumors without the need for ex vivo cell manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa Sheih
- Immunology, Umoja Biopharma Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Don Parrilla
- Immunology, Umoja Biopharma Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Blythe Irwin
- Immunology, Umoja Biopharma Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anai M Perez
- Immunology, Umoja Biopharma Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hung-An Ting
- Immunology, Umoja Biopharma Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Timothy Gervascio
- Office of Animal Care, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Seungjin Shin
- Vector Biology, Umoja Biopharma, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark D Pankau
- Process Development, Umoja Biopharma, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Gould
- MSAT, Umoja Biopharma, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rich Getto
- Umoja Biopharma, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan P Larson
- Immunology, Umoja Biopharma Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Byoung Y Ryu
- Discovery, Umoja Biopharma, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Shon Green
- Immunology, Umoja Biopharma Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
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TGF-β2 antisense oligonucleotide enhances T-cell mediated anti-tumor activities by IL-2 via attenuation of fibrotic reaction in a humanized mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114212. [PMID: 36610224 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers, with high mortality and recurrence rate. In this study, we generated a human immune system mouse model by transplanting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells into NSG-B2m mice followed by xenografting AsPC-1 cells, after which we assessed the role of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) in T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. We observed that inhibiting the TGF-β2 production by TGF-β2 antisense oligonucleotide (TASO) combined with IL-2 delays pancreatic cancer growth. Co-treatment of TASO and IL-2 had little effect on the SMAD-dependent pathway, but significantly inhibited the Akt phosphorylation and sequentially activated GSK-3β. Activation of GSK-3β by TASO subsequently suppressed β-catenin and α-SMA expression and resulted in attenuated fibrotic reactions, facilitating the infiltration of CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) into the tumor. TGF-β2 inhibition suppressed the Foxp3 + regulatory T-cells in peripheral blood and tumors, thereby enhancing the tumoricidal effects of CTLs associated with increased granzyme B and cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, changes in the T-cell composition in peripheral blood and at the tumor site by TASO and IL-2 induced the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α and the decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-βs. These results indicate that the TGF-β2 inhibition by TASO combined with IL-2 enhances the T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity against SMAD4-mutated PDAC by modulating the tumor-associated fibrosis, suggesting that TASO in combination with IL-2 may be a promising immunotherapeutic intervention for PDAC.
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Ellis CE, Mojibian M, Ida S, Fung VCW, Skovsø S, McIver E, O'Dwyer S, Webber TD, Braam MJS, Saber N, Kieffer TJ, Levings MK. Human A2-CAR T cells reject HLA-A2+ human islets transplanted into mice without inducing graft versus host disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.23.529741. [PMID: 36865123 PMCID: PMC9980131 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.23.529741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterised by T cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Islet transplantation is an effective therapy, but its success is limited by islet quality and availability along with the need for immunosuppression. New approaches include use of stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells and immunomodulatory therapies, but a limitation is the paucity of reproducible animal models in which interactions between human immune cells and insulin-producing cells can be studied without the complication of xenogeneic graft- versus -host disease (xGVHD). Methods We expressed an HLA-A2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (A2-CAR) in human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and tested their ability to reject HLA-A2+ islets transplanted under the kidney capsule or anterior chamber of the eye of immunodeficient mice. T cell engraftment, islet function and xGVHD were assessed longitudinally. Results The speed and consistency of A2-CAR T cells-mediated islet rejection varied depending on the number of A2-CAR T cells and the absence/presence of co-injected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). When <3 million A2-CAR T cells were injected, co-injection of PBMCs accelerated islet rejection but also induced xGVHD. In the absence of PBMCs, injection of 3 million A2-CAR T cells caused synchronous rejection of A2+ human islets within 1 week and without xGVHD for 12 weeks. Conclusions Injection of A2-CAR T cells can be used to study rejection of human insulin-producing cells without the complication of xGVHD. The rapidity and synchrony of rejection will facilitate in vivo screening of new therapies designed to improve the success of isletreplacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Ellis
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
| | - Majid Mojibian
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Shogo Ida
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
| | - Vivian C W Fung
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Søs Skovsø
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
| | - Emma McIver
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Shannon O'Dwyer
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
| | - Travis D Webber
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
| | - Mitchell J S Braam
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
| | - Nelly Saber
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
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38
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Gerace D, Zhou Q, Kenty JHR, Veres A, Sintov E, Wang X, Boulanger KR, Li H, Melton DA. Engineering human stem cell-derived islets to evade immune rejection and promote localized immune tolerance. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100879. [PMID: 36599351 PMCID: PMC9873825 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunological protection of transplanted stem cell-derived islet (SC-islet) cells is yet to be achieved without chronic immunosuppression or encapsulation. Existing genetic engineering approaches to produce immune-evasive SC-islet cells have so far shown variable results. Here, we show that targeting human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and PD-L1 alone does not sufficiently protect SC-islet cells from xenograft (xeno)- or allograft (allo)-rejection. As an addition to these approaches, we genetically engineer SC-islet cells to secrete the cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and modified IL-2 such that they promote a tolerogenic local microenvironment by recruiting regulatory T cells (Tregs) to the islet grafts. Cytokine-secreting human SC-β cells resist xeno-rejection and correct diabetes for up to 8 weeks post-transplantation in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Thus, genetically engineering human embryonic SCs (hESCs) to induce a tolerogenic local microenvironment represents a promising approach to provide SC-islet cells as a cell replacement therapy for diabetes without the requirement for encapsulation or immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Gerace
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hyoje-Ryu Kenty
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrian Veres
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elad Sintov
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle R. Boulanger
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongfei Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A. Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author
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Sackett SD, Kaplan SJ, Mitchell SA, Brown ME, Burrack AL, Grey S, Huangfu D, Odorico J. Genetic Engineering of Immune Evasive Stem Cell-Derived Islets. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10817. [PMID: 36545154 PMCID: PMC9762357 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing has the potential to revolutionize many investigative and therapeutic strategies in biology and medicine. In the field of regenerative medicine, one of the leading applications of genome engineering technology is the generation of immune evasive pluripotent stem cell-derived somatic cells for transplantation. In particular, as more functional and therapeutically relevant human pluripotent stem cell-derived islets (SCDI) are produced in many labs and studied in clinical trials, there is keen interest in studying the immunogenicity of these cells and modulating allogeneic and autoimmune immune responses for therapeutic benefit. Significant experimental work has already suggested that elimination of Human Leukocytes Antigen (HLA) expression and overexpression of immunomodulatory genes can impact survival of a variety of pluripotent stem cell-derived somatic cell types. Limited work published to date focuses on stem cell-derived islets and work in a number of labs is ongoing. Rapid progress is occurring in the genome editing of human pluripotent stem cells and their progeny focused on evading destruction by the immune system in transplantation models, and while much research is still needed, there is no doubt the combined technologies of genome editing and stem cell therapy will profoundly impact transplantation medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D. Sackett
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, UW Transplant Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Sara D. Sackett,
| | - Samuel J. Kaplan
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samantha A. Mitchell
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, UW Transplant Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matthew E. Brown
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, UW Transplant Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Adam L. Burrack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Center for Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Shane Grey
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danwei Huangfu
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jon Odorico
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, UW Transplant Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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40
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Chen J, Liao S, Xiao Z, Pan Q, Wang X, Shen K, Wang S, Yang L, Guo F, Liu HF, Pan Q. The development and improvement of immunodeficient mice and humanized immune system mouse models. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007579. [PMID: 36341323 PMCID: PMC9626807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models play an indispensable role in the study of human diseases. However, animal models of different diseases do not fully mimic the complex internal environment of humans. Immunodeficient mice are deficient in certain genes and do not express these or show reduced expression in some of their cells, facilitating the establishment of humanized mice and simulation of the human environment in vivo. Here, we summarize the developments in immunodeficient mice, from the initial nude mice lacking T lymphocytes to NOD/SCID rgnull mice lacking T, B, and NK cell populations. We describe existing humanized immune system mouse models based on immunodeficient mice in which human cells or tissues have been transplanted to establish a human immune system, including humanized-peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Hu-PBMCs), humanized hematopoietic stem cells (Hu-HSCs), and humanized bone marrow, liver, thymus (Hu-BLT) mouse models. The different methods for their development involve varying levels of complexity and humanization. Humanized mice are widely used in the study of various diseases to provide a transitional stage for clinical research. However, several challenges persist, including improving the efficiency of reconstructing the human B cell immune response, extending lifespan, improving the survival rate of mice to extend the observation period, and improving the development of standardized commercialized models and as well as their use. Overall, there are many opportunities and challenges in the development of humanized immune system mouse models which can provide novel strategies for understanding the mechanisms and treatments of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingjun Pan
- *Correspondence: Hua-feng Liu, ; Qingjun Pan,
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41
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Wagner LE, Melnyk O, Duffett BE, Linnemann AK. Mouse models and human islet transplantation sites for intravital imaging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:992540. [PMID: 36277698 PMCID: PMC9579277 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.992540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human islet transplantations into rodent models are an essential tool to aid in the development and testing of islet and cellular-based therapies for diabetes prevention and treatment. Through the ability to evaluate human islets in an in vivo setting, these studies allow for experimental approaches to answer questions surrounding normal and disease pathophysiology that cannot be answered using other in vitro and in vivo techniques alone. Intravital microscopy enables imaging of tissues in living organisms with dynamic temporal resolution and can be employed to measure biological processes in transplanted human islets revealing how experimental variables can influence engraftment, and transplant survival and function. A key consideration in experimental design for transplant imaging is the surgical placement site, which is guided by the presence of vasculature to aid in functional engraftment of the islets and promote their survival. Here, we review transplantation sites and mouse models used to study beta cell biology in vivo using intravital microscopy and we highlight fundamental observations made possible using this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E. Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Olha Melnyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bryce E. Duffett
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Amelia K. Linnemann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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42
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Sintov E, Nikolskiy I, Barrera V, Hyoje-Ryu Kenty J, Atkin AS, Gerace D, Ho Sui SJ, Boulanger K, Melton DA. Whole-genome CRISPR screening identifies genetic manipulations to reduce immune rejection of stem cell-derived islets. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1976-1990. [PMID: 36055241 PMCID: PMC9481918 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide opportunities for cell replacement therapy of insulin-dependent diabetes. Therapeutic quantities of human stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) can be produced by directed differentiation. However, preventing allo-rejection and recurring autoimmunity, without the use of encapsulation or systemic immunosuppressants, remains a challenge. An attractive approach is to transplant SC-islets, genetically modified to reduce the impact of immune rejection. To determine the underlying forces that drive immunogenicity of SC-islets in inflammatory environments, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and whole-genome CRISPR screen of SC-islets under immune interaction with allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Data analysis points to “alarmed” populations of SC-islets that upregulate genes in the interferon (IFN) pathway. The CRISPR screen in vivo confirms that targeting IFNγ-induced mediators has beneficial effects on SC-islet survival under immune attack. Manipulating the IFN response by depleting chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in SC-islet grafts confers improved survival against allo-rejection compared with wild-type grafts in humanized mice. These results offer insights into the nature of immune destruction of SC-islets during allogeneic responses and provide targets for gene editing. IFN pathway induction sets the fate of SC-islets under allogeneic immune challenge “Alarm” genes drive immunogenicity of SC-islets Genetically modified SC-islets were generated and evaluated for hypo-immunogenicity CXCL10 depletion can reduce immune activation and SC-islet graft rejection
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Sintov
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Igor Nikolskiy
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Victor Barrera
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hyoje-Ryu Kenty
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander S Atkin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dario Gerace
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Boulanger
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Rodriguez-Irizarry VJ, Schneider AC, Ahle D, Smith JM, Suarez-Martinez EB, Salazar EA, McDaniel Mims B, Rasha F, Moussa H, Moustaïd-Moussa N, Pruitt K, Fonseca M, Henriquez M, Clauss MA, Grisham MB, Almodovar S. Mice with humanized immune system as novel models to study HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936164. [PMID: 35990658 PMCID: PMC9390008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV and who receive antiretroviral therapy have a significantly improved lifespan, compared to the early days without therapy. Unfortunately, persisting viral replication in the lungs sustains chronic inflammation, which may cause pulmonary vascular dysfunction and ultimate life-threatening Pulmonary Hypertension (PH). The mechanisms involved in the progression of HIV and PH remain unclear. The study of HIV-PH is limited due to the lack of tractable animal models that recapitulate infection and pathobiological aspects of PH. On one hand, mice with humanized immune systems (hu-mice) are highly relevant to HIV research but their suitability for HIV-PH research deserves investigation. On another hand, the Hypoxia-Sugen is a well-established model for experimental PH that combines hypoxia with the VEGF antagonist SU5416. To test the suitability of hu-mice, we combined HIV with either SU5416 or hypoxia. Using right heart catheterization, we found that combining HIV+SU5416 exacerbated PH. HIV infection increases human pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs, compared to uninfected mice. Histopathological examinations showed pulmonary vascular inflammation with arterial muscularization in HIV-PH. We also found an increase in endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide II (EMAP II) when combining HIV+SU5416. Therefore, combinations of HIV with SU5416 or hypoxia recapitulate PH in hu-mice, creating well-suited models for infectious mechanistic pulmonary vascular research in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J. Rodriguez-Irizarry
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States,Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico in Ponce, Ponce, PR, United States
| | - Alina C. Schneider
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Daniel Ahle
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Justin M. Smith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Ethan A. Salazar
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Brianyell McDaniel Mims
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Fahmida Rasha
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Hanna Moussa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Naima Moustaïd-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Marcelo Fonseca
- Program of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Henriquez
- Program of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matthias A. Clauss
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew B. Grisham
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Sharilyn Almodovar
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Sharilyn Almodovar,
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44
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Li P, Rozich N, Wang J, Wang J, Xu Y, Herbst B, Yu R, Muth S, Niu N, Li K, Funes V, Gai J, Osipov A, Edil BH, Wolfgang CL, Lei M, Liang T, Zheng L. Anti-IL-8 antibody activates myeloid cells and potentiates the anti-tumor activity of anti-PD-1 antibody in the humanized pancreatic cancer murine model. Cancer Lett 2022; 539:215722. [PMID: 35533951 PMCID: PMC9485862 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) does not respond to single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, including anti-PD-1 antibody(aPD-1) therapy. Higher plasma levels of IL-8 are associated with poorer outcomes in patients who receive aPD-1 therapies, providing a rationale for combination immunotherapy with an anti-IL-8 antibody(aIL-8) and aPD-1. We thus investigated whether human aIL-8 therapy can potentiate the antitumor activity of aPD-1 and further investigated how the combination affects the immune response by regulating myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment in a humanized murine model of PDAC with a reconstituted immune system consisting of human T cells and a combination of CD14+ and CD16+ myeloid cells. The results show that the combination of aIL-8 and aPD-1 treatment significantly enhanced antitumor activity following the infusion of myeloid cells. Our results further showed that the target of IL-8 is mainly present in CD16+ myeloid cells and is likely to be granulocytes. FACS analysis showed that aIL-8 treatment increased granulocytic myeloid cells in tumors. Consistently, single-nuclear RNA-sequencing analysis of tumor tissue showed that the innate immune response and cytokine response pathways in the myeloid cell cluster were activated by aIL-8 treatment. This is the first preclinical study using a humanized mouse model for new combination immunotherapeutic development and supports the further clinical testing of aIL-8 in combination with aPD-1 for PDAC treatment. This study also suggests that peripherally derived myeloid cells can potentiate the antitumor response of T cells, likely through the innate immune response, and aIL-8 re-educates tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells by activating the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Noah Rozich
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jianxin Wang
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junke Wang
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yao Xu
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian Herbst
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raymond Yu
- NovaRock, Biotherapeutics Ltd., Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Stephen Muth
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nan Niu
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keyu Li
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vanessa Funes
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Gai
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arsen Osipov
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Cedar-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming Lei
- NovaRock, Biotherapeutics Ltd., Ewing, NJ, USA.
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Department of Surgery, and the Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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CDK Inhibition Primes for Anti-PD-L1 Treatment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Models. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143361. [PMID: 35884422 PMCID: PMC9322647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) expressing PD-L1 qualify for checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Cyclin E/CDK2 is a potential target axis in TNBC; however, small-molecule drugs at efficacious doses may be associated with toxicity, and treatment alongside immunotherapy requires investigation. We evaluated CDK inhibition at suboptimal levels and its anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects. Transcriptomic analyses of primary breast cancers confirmed higher cyclin E/CDK2 expression in TNBC compared with non-TNBC. Out of the three CDK2-targeting inhibitors tested, the CDK 2, 7 and 9 inhibitor SNS-032 was the most potent in reducing TNBC cell viability and exerted cytotoxicity against all eight TNBC cell lines evaluated in vitro. Suboptimal SNS-032 dosing elevated cell surface PD-L1 expression in surviving TNBC cells. In mice engrafted with human immune cells and challenged with human MDA-MB-231 TNBC xenografts in mammary fat pads, suboptimal SNS-032 dosing partially restricted tumor growth, enhanced the tumor infiltration of human CD45+ immune cells and elevated cell surface PD-L1 expression in surviving cancer cells. In tumor-bearing mice engrafted with human immune cells, the anti-PD-L1 antibody avelumab, given sequentially following suboptimal SNS-032 dosing, reduced tumor growth compared with SNS-032 alone or with avelumab without prior SNS-032 priming. CDK inhibition at suboptimal doses promotes immune cell recruitment to tumors, PD-L1 expression by surviving TNBC cells and may complement immunotherapy.
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46
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Choi JI, Rim JH, Jang SI, Park JS, Park H, Cho JH, Lim JB. The role of Jagged1 as a dynamic switch of cancer cell plasticity in PDAC assembloids. Theranostics 2022; 12:4431-4445. [PMID: 35673567 PMCID: PMC9169352 DOI: 10.7150/thno.71364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which commonly relapses due to chemotherapy resistance, has a poor 5-year survival rate (< 10%). The ability of PDAC to dynamically switch between cancer-initiating cell (CIC) and non-CIC states, which is influenced by both internal and external events, has been suggested as a reason for the low drug efficacy. However, cancer cell plasticity using patient-derived PDAC organoids remains poorly understood. Methods: First, we successfully differentiated CICs, which were the main components of PDAC organoids, toward epithelial ductal carcinomas. We further established PDAC assembloids of organoid-derived differentiated ductal cancer cells with endothelial cells (ECs) and autologous immune cells. To investigate the mechanism for PDAC plasticity, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis after culturing the assembloids for 7 days. Results: In the PDAC assembloids, the ECs and immune cells acted as tumor-supporting cells and induced plasticity in the differentiated ductal carcinomas. We also observed that the transcriptome dynamics during PDAC re-programming were related to the WNT/beta-catenin pathway and apoptotic process. Interestingly, we found that WNT5B in the ECs was highly expressed by trans interaction with a JAG1. Furthermore, JAG1 was highly expressed on PDAC during differentiation, and NOTCH1/NOTCH2 were expressed on the ECs at the same time. The WNT5B expression level correlated positively with those of JAG1, NOTCH1, and NOTCH2, and high JAG1 expression correlated with poor survival. Additionally, we experimentally demonstrated that neutralizing JAG1 inhibited cancer cell plasticity. Conclusions: Our results indicate that JAG1 on PDAC plays a critical role in cancer cell plasticity and maintenance of tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Il Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hoon Rim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ill Jang
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seong Park
- Pancreatobiliary Cancer Clinic, Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Cho
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Baeck Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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47
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Ju C, Liang J, Zhang M, Zhao J, Li L, Chen S, Zhao J, Gao X. The mouse resource at National Resource Center for Mutant Mice. Mamm Genome 2022; 33:143-156. [PMID: 35138443 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models are essential for dissecting disease mechanisms and defining potential drug targets. There are more than 18,500 mouse strains available for research communities in National Resource Center for Mutant Mice (NRCMM) of China, affiliated with Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and Gempharmatech Company. In 2019, Gempharmatech launched the Knockout All Project (KOAP) aiming to generate null mutants and gene floxed strains for all protein-coding genes in mouse genome within 5 years. So far, KOAP has generated 8,004 floxed strains and 9,769 KO (knockout) strains (updated to Oct, 2021). NRCMM also created hundreds of Cre transgenic lines, mutant knock-in models, immuno-deficient models, and humanized mouse models. As a member of the international mouse phenotyping consortium (IMPC), NRCMM provides comprehensive phenotyping services for mouse models. In summary, NRCMM will continue to support biomedical community with new mouse models as well as related services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shuai Chen
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- GemPharmatech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, China. .,GemPharmatech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China. .,Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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48
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Khosravi-Maharlooei M, Madley R, Borsotti C, Ferreira LMR, Sharp RC, Brehm MA, Greiner DL, Parent AV, Anderson MS, Sykes M, Creusot RJ. Modeling human T1D-associated autoimmune processes. Mol Metab 2022; 56:101417. [PMID: 34902607 PMCID: PMC8739876 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by impaired immune tolerance to β-cell antigens and progressive destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. Animal models have provided valuable insights for understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease, but they fall short of reflecting the extensive heterogeneity of the disease in humans, which is contributed by various combinations of risk gene alleles and unique environmental factors. Collectively, these factors have been used to define subgroups of patients, termed endotypes, with distinct predominating disease characteristics. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we review the gaps filled by these models in understanding the intricate involvement and regulation of the immune system in human T1D pathogenesis. We describe the various models developed so far and the scientific questions that have been addressed using them. Finally, we discuss the limitations of these models, primarily ascribed to hosting a human immune system (HIS) in a xenogeneic recipient, and what remains to be done to improve their physiological relevance. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS To understand the role of genetic and environmental factors or evaluate immune-modifying therapies in humans, it is critical to develop and apply models in which human cells can be manipulated and their functions studied under conditions that recapitulate as closely as possible the physiological conditions of the human body. While microphysiological systems and living tissue slices provide some of these conditions, HIS mice enable more extensive analyses using in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Madley
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Borsotti
- Department of Health Sciences, Histology laboratory, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Leonardo M R Ferreira
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, and Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert C Sharp
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Audrey V Parent
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Remi J Creusot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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49
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Moquin-Beaudry G, Benabdallah B, Maggiorani D, Le O, Li Y, Colas C, Raggi C, Ellezam B, M'Callum MA, Dal Soglio D, Guimond JV, Paganelli M, Haddad E, Beauséjour C. Autologous humanized mouse models of iPSC-derived tumors enable characterization and modulation of cancer-immune cell interactions. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100153. [PMID: 35474871 PMCID: PMC9017190 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Modeling the tumor-immune cell interactions in humanized mice is complex and limits drug development. Here, we generated easily accessible tumor models by transforming either primary skin fibroblasts or induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell lines injected in immune-deficient mice reconstituted with human autologous immune cells. Our results showed that fibroblastic, hepatic, or neural tumors were all efficiently infiltrated and partially or totally rejected by autologous immune cells in humanized mice. Characterization of tumor-immune infiltrates revealed high expression levels of the dysfunction markers Tim3 and PD-1 in T cells and an enrichment in regulatory T cells, suggesting rapid establishment of immunomodulatory phenotypes. Inhibition of PD-1 by Nivolumab in humanized mice resulted in increased immune cell infiltration and a slight decrease in tumor growth. We expect that these versatile and accessible cancer models will facilitate preclinical studies and the evaluation of autologous cancer immunotherapies across a range of different tumor cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Moquin-Beaudry
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Basma Benabdallah
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Damien Maggiorani
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Oanh Le
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Yuanyi Li
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Chloé Colas
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Infectiologie, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Raggi
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ellezam
- Département de Neurosciences, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pathologie, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Agnès M'Callum
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dorothée Dal Soglio
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pathologie, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean V. Guimond
- CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Massimiliano Paganelli
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Pediatric Liver Transplantation Program at CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elie Haddad
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Immunologie et Infectiologie, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Beauséjour
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Montréal, QC, Canada
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50
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Santini-González J, Castro-Gutierrez R, Becker MW, Rancourt C, Russ HA, Phelps EA. Human stem cell derived beta-like cells engineered to present PD-L1 improve transplant survival in NOD mice carrying human HLA class I. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:989815. [PMID: 36506044 PMCID: PMC9732725 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.989815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need for therapeutic approaches that combine renewable sources of replacement beta cells with localized immunomodulation to counter recurrence of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, there are few examples of animal models to study such approaches that incorporate spontaneous autoimmunity directed against human beta cells rather than allogenic rejection. Here, we address this critical limitation by demonstrating rejection and survival of transplanted human stem cell-derived beta-like cells clusters (sBCs) in a fully immune competent mouse model with matching human HLA class I and spontaneous diabetes development. We engineered localized immune tolerance toward transplanted sBCs via inducible cell surface overexpression of PD-L1 (iP-sBCs) with and without deletion of all HLA class I surface molecules via beta-2 microglobulin knockout (iP-BKO sBCs). NOD.HLA-A2.1 mice, which lack classical murine MHC I and instead express human HLA-A*02:01, underwent transplantation of 1,000 human HLA-A*02:01 sBCs under the kidney capsule and were separated into HLA-A2 positive iP-sBC and HLA-class I negative iP-BKO sBC groups, each with +/- doxycycline (DOX) induced PD-L1 expression. IVIS imaging showed significantly improved graft survival in mice transplanted with PD-L1 expressing iP-sBC at day 3 post transplantation compared to controls. However, luciferase signal dropped below in vivo detection limits by day 14 for all groups in this aggressive immune competent diabetes model. Nonetheless, histological examination revealed significant numbers of surviving insulin+/PD-L1+ sBCs cells for DOX-treated mice at day 16 post-transplant despite extensive infiltration with high numbers of CD3+ and CD45+ immune cells. These results show that T cells rapidly infiltrate and attack sBC grafts in this model but that significant numbers of PD-L1 expressing sBCs manage to survive in this harsh immunological environment. This investigation represents one of the first in vivo studies recapitulating key aspects of human autoimmune diabetes to test immune tolerance approaches with renewable sources of beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Santini-González
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Roberto Castro-Gutierrez
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Matthew W. Becker
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chad Rancourt
- Animal Care Services, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Holger A. Russ
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Edward A. Phelps,
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