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Mittendorfer B, Johnson JD, Solinas G, Jansson PA. Insulin Hypersecretion as Promoter of Body Fat Gain and Hyperglycemia. Diabetes 2024; 73:837-843. [PMID: 38768368 PMCID: PMC11109786 DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Mittendorfer
- Departments of Medicine and Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - James D. Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Giovanni Solinas
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Jansson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Hieronimus B, Medici V, Lee V, Nunez MV, Sigala DM, Bremer AA, Cox CL, Keim NL, Schwarz JM, Pacini G, Tura A, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. Effects of Consuming Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, Glucose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, Sucrose, or Aspartame on OGTT-Derived Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:151. [PMID: 38201980 PMCID: PMC10780640 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Clinical results on the effects of excess sugar consumption on insulin sensitivity are conflicting, possibly due to differences in sugar type and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) assessed. Therefore, we compared the effects of consuming four different sugars on insulin sensitivity indices derived from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). (2) Methods: Young adults consumed fructose-, glucose-, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-, sucrose-, or aspartame-sweetened beverages (SB) for 2 weeks. Participants underwent OGTT before and at the end of the intervention. Fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose and insulin area under the curve, Surrogate Hepatic Insulin Resistance Index, Matsuda ISI, Predicted M ISI, and Stumvoll Index were assessed. Outcomes were analyzed to determine: (1) effects of the five SB; (2) effects of the proportions of fructose and glucose in all SB. (3) Results: Fructose-SB and the fructose component in mixed sugars negatively affected outcomes that assess hepatic insulin sensitivity, while glucose did not. The effects of glucose-SB and the glucose component in mixed sugar on muscle insulin sensitivity were more negative than those of fructose. (4) Conclusion: the effects of consuming sugar-SB on insulin sensitivity varied depending on type of sugar and ISI index because outcomes assessing hepatic insulin sensitivity were negatively affected by fructose, and outcomes assessing muscle insulin sensitivity were more negatively affected by glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Hieronimus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
| | | | - Desiree M. Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrew A. Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chad L. Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95819, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Schwarz
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.H.)
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3
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Zhang AMY, Xia YH, Lin JSH, Chu KH, Wang WCK, Ruiter TJJ, Yang JCC, Chen N, Chhuor J, Patil S, Cen HH, Rideout EJ, Richard VR, Schaeffer DF, Zahedi RP, Borchers CH, Johnson JD, Kopp JL. Hyperinsulinemia acts via acinar insulin receptors to initiate pancreatic cancer by increasing digestive enzyme production and inflammation. Cell Metab 2023; 35:2119-2135.e5. [PMID: 37913768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The rising pancreatic cancer incidence due to obesity and type 2 diabetes is closely tied to hyperinsulinemia, an independent cancer risk factor. Previous studies demonstrated reducing insulin production suppressed pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) pre-cancerous lesions in Kras-mutant mice. However, the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms remained unknown, and in particular it was unclear whether hyperinsulinemia affected PanIN precursor cells directly or indirectly. Here, we demonstrate that insulin receptors (Insr) in KrasG12D-expressing pancreatic acinar cells are dispensable for glucose homeostasis but necessary for hyperinsulinemia-driven PanIN formation in the context of diet-induced hyperinsulinemia and obesity. Mechanistically, this was attributed to amplified digestive enzyme protein translation, triggering of local inflammation, and PanIN metaplasia in vivo. In vitro, insulin dose-dependently increased acinar-to-ductal metaplasia formation in a trypsin- and Insr-dependent manner. Collectively, our data shed light on the mechanisms connecting obesity-driven hyperinsulinemia and pancreatic cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni M Y Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yi Han Xia
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S H Lin
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ken H Chu
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Wei Chuan K Wang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Titine J J Ruiter
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jenny C C Yang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Justin Chhuor
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shilpa Patil
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Haoning Howard Cen
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Rideout
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Vincent R Richard
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - David F Schaeffer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Rene P Zahedi
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada; Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Janel L Kopp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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4
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Park SH, Helsley RN, Fadhul T, Willoughby JLS, Noetzli L, Tu HC, Solheim MH, Fujisaka S, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Bons J, Rose J, King CD, Schilling B, Lusis AJ, Pan C, Gupta M, Kulkarni RN, Fitzgerald K, Kern PA, Divanovic S, Kahn CR, Softic S. Fructose induced KHK-C can increase ER stress independent of its effect on lipogenesis to drive liver disease in diet-induced and genetic models of NAFLD. Metabolism 2023; 145:155591. [PMID: 37230214 PMCID: PMC10752375 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and is estimated to affect one billion individuals worldwide. An increased intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) and sugar-sweetened beverages are risk-factors for NAFLD development, but how their combined intake promotes progression to a more severe form of liver injury is unknown. Here we show that fructose metabolism via ketohexokinase (KHK) C isoform leads to unresolved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress when coupled with a HFD intake. Conversely, a liver-specific knockdown of KHK in mice consuming fructose on a HFD is adequate to improve the NAFLD activity score and exert a profound effect on the hepatic transcriptome. Overexpression of KHK-C in cultured hepatocytes is sufficient to induce ER stress in fructose free media. Upregulation of KHK-C is also observed in mice with genetically induced obesity or metabolic dysfunction, whereas KHK knockdown in these mice improves metabolic function. Additionally, in over 100 inbred strains of male or female mice hepatic KHK expression correlates positively with adiposity, insulin resistance, and liver triglycerides. Similarly, in 241 human subjects and their controls, hepatic Khk expression is upregulated in early, but not late stages of NAFLD. In summary, we describe a novel role of KHK-C in triggering ER stress, which offers a mechanistic understanding of how the combined intake of fructose and a HFD propagates the development of metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Robert N Helsley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Taghreed Fadhul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | - Leila Noetzli
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ho-Chou Tu
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marie H Solheim
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Bons
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Jacob Rose
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Christina D King
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Birgit Schilling
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Department of Human Genetics, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Department of Human Genetics, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Philip A Kern
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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5
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Hare KS, Wood KM, Mustapha Y, Swanson KC, Steele MA. Colostrum insulin supplementation to neonatal Holstein bulls affects small intestinal histomorphology, mRNA expression, and enzymatic activity with minor influences on peripheral metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5054-5073. [PMID: 37268570 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate how varying colostral insulin concentrations influenced small intestinal development and peripheral metabolism in neonatal Holstein bulls. Insulin was supplemented to approximately 5× (70.0 μg/L; n = 16) or 10× (149.7 μg/L; n = 16) the basal colostrum insulin (12.9 μg/L; BI, n = 16) concentration to maintain equivalent macronutrient intake (crude fat: 4.1 ± 0.06%; crude protein: 11.7 ± 0.05%; and lactose: 1.9 ± 0.01%) among treatments. Colostrum was fed at 2, 14, and 26 h postnatal and blood metabolites and insulin concentration were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360, 480, and 600 min postprandial respective to the first and second colostrum meal. At 30 h postnatal, a subset of calves (n = 8/treatment) were killed to excise the gastrointestinal and visceral tissues. Gastrointestinal and visceral gross morphology and dry matter and small intestinal histomorphology, gene expression, and carbohydrase activity were assessed. Insulin supplementation tended to linearly reduce the glucose clearance rate following the first meal, whereas after the second meal, supplementation linearly increased the rate of glucose absorption and nonesterified fatty acid clearance rate, decreased the time to maximum glucose concentrations, and decreased the time to reach minimum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations. Additionally, insulin clearance rate was linearly increased by insulin supplementation following the second colostrum feeding. However, there were no overall differences between treatments in the concentrations of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, or insulin in plasma or serum. With respect to macroscopic intestinal development, dry rumen tissue mass linearly decreased when insulin was supplemented in colostrum, and supplementation linearly increased duodenal dry tissue density (g dry matter/cm) while tending to increase duodenal dry tissue weight. Increasing the colostrum insulin concentration improved small intestinal histomorphological development in the distal small intestine, as ileal villi height and mucosal-serosal surface area index were increased by supplementing insulin. Lactase enzymatic activity linearly increased in the proximal jejunum while ileal isomaltase activity linearly decreased with insulin supplementation. These data indicate that changes in colostrum insulin concentrations rapidly affect gastrointestinal growth prioritization and carbohydrase activity. The changes in gastrointestinal ontology result in minor changes in postprandial metabolite availability and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Hare
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, Ontario Agricultural College University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - K M Wood
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, Ontario Agricultural College University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2
| | - Y Mustapha
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
| | - K C Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, Ontario Agricultural College University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2.
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Stokes T, Cen HH, Kapranov P, Gallagher IJ, Pitsillides AA, Volmar C, Kraus WE, Johnson JD, Phillips SM, Wahlestedt C, Timmons JA. Transcriptomics for Clinical and Experimental Biology Research: Hang on a Seq. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:2200024. [PMID: 37288167 PMCID: PMC10242409 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sequencing the human genome empowers translational medicine, facilitating transcriptome-wide molecular diagnosis, pathway biology, and drug repositioning. Initially, microarrays are used to study the bulk transcriptome; but now short-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) predominates. Positioned as a superior technology, that makes the discovery of novel transcripts routine, most RNA-seq analyses are in fact modeled on the known transcriptome. Limitations of the RNA-seq methodology have emerged, while the design of, and the analysis strategies applied to, arrays have matured. An equitable comparison between these technologies is provided, highlighting advantages that modern arrays hold over RNA-seq. Array protocols more accurately quantify constitutively expressed protein coding genes across tissue replicates, and are more reliable for studying lower expressed genes. Arrays reveal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are neither sparsely nor lower expressed than protein coding genes. Heterogeneous coverage of constitutively expressed genes observed with RNA-seq, undermines the validity and reproducibility of pathway analyses. The factors driving these observations, many of which are relevant to long-read or single-cell sequencing are discussed. As proposed herein, a reappreciation of bulk transcriptomic methods is required, including wider use of the modern high-density array data-to urgently revise existing anatomical RNA reference atlases and assist with more accurate study of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Stokes
- Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonL8S 4L8Canada
| | - Haoning Howard Cen
- Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverV6T 1Z3Canada
| | | | - Iain J Gallagher
- School of Applied SciencesEdinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghEH11 4BNUK
| | | | | | | | - James D. Johnson
- Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverV6T 1Z3Canada
| | | | | | - James A. Timmons
- Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFL33136USA
- William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University LondonLondonEC1M 6BQUK
- Augur Precision Medicine LTDStirlingFK9 5NFUK
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7
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Lutter D, Sachs S, Walter M, Kerege A, Perreault L, Kahn DE, Wolide AD, Kleinert M, Bergman BC, Hofmann SM. Skeletal muscle and intermuscular adipose tissue gene expression profiling identifies new biomarkers with prognostic significance for insulin resistance progression and intervention response. Diabetologia 2023; 66:873-883. [PMID: 36790478 PMCID: PMC10036433 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Although insulin resistance often leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus, its early stages are often unrecognised, thus reducing the probability of successful prevention and intervention. Moreover, treatment efficacy is affected by the genetics of the individual. We used gene expression profiles from a cross-sectional study to identify potential candidate genes for the prediction of diabetes risk and intervention response. METHODS Using a multivariate regression model, we linked gene expression profiles of human skeletal muscle and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) to fasting glucose levels and glucose infusion rate. Based on the expression patterns of the top predictive genes, we characterised and compared individual gene expression with clinical classifications using k-nearest neighbour clustering. The predictive potential of the candidate genes identified was validated using muscle gene expression data from a longitudinal intervention study. RESULTS We found that genes with a strong association with clinical measures clustered into three distinct expression patterns. Their predictive values for insulin resistance varied substantially between skeletal muscle and IMAT. Moreover, we discovered that individual gene expression-based classifications may differ from classifications based predominantly on clinical variables, indicating that participant stratification may be imprecise if only clinical variables are used for classification. Of the 15 top candidate genes, ST3GAL2, AASS, ARF1 and the transcription factor SIN3A are novel candidates for predicting a refined diabetes risk and intervention response. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Our results confirm that disease progression and successful intervention depend on individual gene expression states. We anticipate that our findings may lead to a better understanding and prediction of individual diabetes risk and may help to develop individualised intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lutter
- Computational Discovery Research, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Sachs
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration (IDR-H), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marc Walter
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration (IDR-H), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Kerege
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Leigh Perreault
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Darcy E Kahn
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amare D Wolide
- Computational Discovery Research, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Drug Development Unit, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Group of Muscle Physiology and Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration (IDR-H), Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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8
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Muñoz VR, Botezelli JD, Gaspar RC, da Rocha AL, Vieira RFL, Crisol BM, Braga RR, Severino MB, Nakandakari SCBR, Antunes GC, Brunetto SQ, Ramos CD, Velloso LA, Simabuco FM, de Moura LP, da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER, Cintra DE, Pauli JR. Effects of short-term endurance and strength exercise in the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle in hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic Slc2a4 +/- mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:122. [PMID: 37052684 PMCID: PMC11072257 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intriguingly, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia can predispose insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, leading to metabolic disturbances. Conversely, physical exercise stimulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake, improving whole-body glucose homeostasis. Therefore, we investigated the impact of short-term physical activity in a mouse model (Slc2a4+/-) that spontaneously develops hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia even when fed on a chow diet. METHODS Slc2a4+/- mice were used, that performed 5 days of endurance or strength exercise training. Further analysis included physiological tests (GTT and ITT), skeletal muscle glucose uptake, skeletal muscle RNA-sequencing, mitochondrial function, and experiments with C2C12 cell line. RESULTS When Slc2a4+/- mice were submitted to the endurance or strength training protocol, improvements were observed in the skeletal muscle glucose uptake and glucose metabolism, associated with broad transcriptomic modulation, that was, in part, related to mitochondrial adaptations. The endurance training, but not the strength protocol, was effective in improving skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity and unfolded protein response markers (UPRmt). Moreover, experiments with C2C12 cells indicated that insulin or glucose levels could contribute to these mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS Both short-term exercise protocols were efficient in whole-body glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. While endurance exercise plays an important role in transcriptome and mitochondrial activity, strength exercise mostly affects post-translational mechanisms and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Thus, the performance of both types of physical exercise proved to be a very effective way to mitigate the impacts of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the Slc2a4+/- mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Diego Botezelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson L da Rocha
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Moreira Crisol
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Rosseto Braga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Brandemarte Severino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Calheiros Antunes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Q Brunetto
- Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso D Ramos
- Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Lício Augusto Velloso
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão, Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Obesity and Diabetes, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira,, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Obesity and Diabetes, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil.
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9
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Hall LG, Thyfault JP, Johnson JD. Exercise and inactivity as modifiers of β cell function and type 2 diabetes risk. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:823-839. [PMID: 36759159 PMCID: PMC10042613 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00472.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise and regular physical activity are beneficial for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, whereas exercise cessation, defined as deconditioning from regular exercise or physical activity that has lasted for a period of months to years, can lead to metabolic derangements that drive disease. Adaptations to the insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are an important benefit of exercise, whereas less is known about how exercise cessation affects these cells. Our aim is to review the impact that exercise and exercise cessation have on β-cell function, with a focus on the evidence from studies examining glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) using gold-standard techniques. Potential mechanisms by which the β-cell adapts to exercise, including exerkine and incretin signaling, autonomic nervous system signaling, and changes in insulin clearance, will also be explored. We will highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam G Hall
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Muñoz VR, Gaspar RC, Mancini MCS, de Lima RD, Vieira RFL, Crisol BM, Antunes GC, Trombeta JCS, Bonfante ILP, Simabuco FM, da Silva ASR, Cavaglieri CR, Ropelle ER, Cintra DE, Pauli JR. Short-term physical exercise controls age-related hyperinsulinemia and improves hepatic metabolism in aged rodents. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:815-827. [PMID: 36318449 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aging is associated with changes in glucose homeostasis related to both decreased insulin secretion and/or impaired insulin action, contributing to the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the elderly population. Additionally, studies are showing that chronically high levels of circulating insulin can also lead to insulin resistance. In contrast, physical exercise has been a strategy used to improve insulin sensitivity and metabolic health. However, the molecular alterations resulting from the effects of physical exercise in the liver on age-related hyperinsulinemia conditions are not yet fully established. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 7 days of aerobic exercise on hepatic metabolism in aged hyperinsulinemic rats (i.e., Wistar and F344) and in Slc2a4+/- mice (hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic mice). RESULTS Both aged models showed alterations in insulin and glucose tolerance, which were associated with essential changes in hepatic fat metabolism (lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and inflammation). In contrast, 7 days of physical exercise was efficient in improving whole-body glucose and insulin sensitivity, and hepatic metabolism. The Slc2a4+/- mice presented significant metabolic impairments (insulin resistance and hepatic fat accumulation) that were improved by short-term exercise training. In this scenario, high circulating insulin may be an important contributor to age-related insulin resistance and hepatic disarrangements in some specific conditions. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our data demonstrated that short-term aerobic exercise was able to control mechanisms related to hepatic fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity in aged rodents. These effects could contribute to late-life metabolic health and prevent the development/progression of age-related T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R C Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C S Mancini
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R D de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R F L Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B M Crisol
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G C Antunes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C S Trombeta
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (FISEX), Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - I L P Bonfante
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (FISEX), Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - F M Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C R Cavaglieri
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory (FISEX), Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - E R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Obesity and Diabetes, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D E Cintra
- OCRC-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
- OCRC-Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Obesity and Diabetes, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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Zhu W, Tanday N, Flatt PR, Irwin N. Pancreatic polypeptide revisited: Potential therapeutic effects in obesity-diabetes. Peptides 2023; 160:170923. [PMID: 36509169 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP), a member of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of peptides, is a hormone secreted from the endocrine pancreas with established actions on appetite regulation. Thus, through activation of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y4 (NPY4R or Y4) receptors PP induces satiety in animals and humans, suggesting potential anti-obesity actions. In addition, despite being actively secreted from pancreatic islets and evidence of local Y4 receptor expression, PP mediated effects on the endocrine pancreas have not been fully elucidated. To date, it appears that PP possesses an acute insulinostatic effect, similar to the impact of other peptides from the NPY family. However, it is interesting that prolonged activation of pancreatic Y1 receptors leads to established benefits on beta-cell turnover, preservation of beta-cell identity and improved insulin secretory responsiveness. This may hint towards possible similar anti-diabetic actions of sustained Y4 receptor modulation, since the Y1 and Y4 receptors trigger comparable cell signalling pathways. In terms of exploiting the prospective therapeutic promise of PP, this is severely restricted by a short circulating half-life as is the case for many regulatory peptide hormones. It follows that long-acting, enzyme resistant, forms of PP will be required to determine viability of the Y4 receptor as an anti-obesity and -diabetes drug target. The current review aims to refocus interest on the biology of PP and highlight opportunities for therapeutic development.
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12
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Park SH, Helsley RN, Fadhul T, Willoughby JL, Noetzli L, Tu HC, Solheim MH, Fujisaka S, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Bons J, Rose J, King CD, Schilling B, Lusis AJ, Pan C, Gupta M, Kulkarni RN, Fitzgerald K, Kern PA, Divanovic S, Kahn CR, Softic S. Fructose Induced KHK-C Increases ER Stress and Modulates Hepatic Transcriptome to Drive Liver Disease in Diet-Induced and Genetic Models of NAFLD. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.27.525605. [PMID: 36747758 PMCID: PMC9900898 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and is estimated to affect one billion individuals worldwide. An increased intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) and sugar-sweetened beverages are risk-factors for NAFLD development, but how their combined intake promotes progression to a more severe form of liver injury is unknown. Here we show that fructose metabolism via ketohexokinase (KHK) C isoform increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a dose dependent fashion, so when fructose is coupled with a HFD intake it leads to unresolved ER stress. Conversely, a liver-specific knockdown of KHK in C57BL/6J male mice consuming fructose on a HFD is adequate to improve the NAFLD activity score and exert a profound effect on the hepatic transcriptome. Overexpression of KHK-C in cultured hepatocytes is sufficient to induce ER stress in fructose free media. Upregulation of KHK-C is also observed in genetically obesity ob/ob, db/db and lipodystrophic FIRKO male mice, whereas KHK knockdown in these mice improves metabolic function. Additionally, in over 100 inbred strains of male or female mice hepatic KHK expression correlates positively with adiposity, insulin resistance, and liver triglycerides. Similarly, in 241 human subjects and their controls, hepatic Khk expression is upregulated in early, but not late stages of NAFLD. In summary, we describe a novel role of KHK-C in triggering ER stress, which offers a mechanistic understanding of how the combined intake of fructose and a HFD propagates the development of metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
| | - Robert N. Helsley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
| | - Taghreed Fadhul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
| | | | | | - Ho-Chou Tu
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA. 02142
| | - Marie H. Solheim
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02215
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Shiho Fujisaka
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02215
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan M. Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joanna Bons
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945
| | - Jacob Rose
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945
| | - Christina D. King
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945
| | - Birgit Schilling
- Proteomics and Aging Center, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Department of Human Genetics, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Department of Human Genetics, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | | | - Philip A. Kern
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02215
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02215
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY. 40536
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13
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Catalano F, De Vito F, Cassano V, Fiorentino TV, Sciacqua A, Hribal ML. Circadian Clock Desynchronization and Insulin Resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:29. [PMID: 36612350 PMCID: PMC9819930 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm regulates biological processes that occur within 24 h in living organisms. It plays a fundamental role in maintaining biological functions and responds to several inputs, including food intake, light/dark cycle, sleep/wake cycle, and physical activity. The circadian timing system comprises a central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and tissue-specific clocks in peripheral tissues. Several studies show that the desynchronization of central and peripheral clocks is associated with an increased incidence of insulin resistance (IR) and related diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the impact of circadian clock dysregulation on insulin action. We focus our attention on two possible mediators of this interaction: the phosphatases belonging to the pleckstrin homology leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase family (PHLPP) family and the deacetylase Sirtuin1. We believe that literature data, herein summarized, suggest that a thorough change of life habits, with the return to synchronized food intake, physical activity, and rest, would doubtless halt the vicious cycle linking IR to dysregulated circadian rhythms. However, since such a comprehensive change may be incompatible with the demand of modern society, clarifying the pathways involved may, nonetheless, contribute to the identification of therapeutic targets that may be exploited to cure or prevent IR-related diseases.
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14
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Vorotnikov AV, Popov DV, Makhnovskii PA. Signaling and Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscles in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Results and OMICS Perspectives. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1021-1034. [PMID: 36180992 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922090139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles mainly contribute to the emergence of insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and the development of type 2 diabetes. Molecular mechanisms that regulate glucose uptake are diverse, including the insulin-dependent as most important, and others as also significant. They involve a wide range of proteins that control intracellular traffic and exposure of glucose transporters on the cell surface to create an extensive regulatory network. Here, we highlight advantages of the omics approaches to explore the insulin-regulated proteins and genes in human skeletal muscle with varying degrees of metabolic disorders. We discuss methodological aspects of the assessment of metabolic dysregulation and molecular responses of human skeletal muscle to insulin. The known molecular mechanisms of glucose uptake regulation and the first results of phosphoproteomic and transcriptomic studies are reviewed, which unveiled a large-scale array of insulin targets in muscle cells. They demonstrate that a clear depiction of changes that occur during metabolic dysfunction requires systemic and combined analysis at different levels of regulation, including signaling pathways, transcription factors, and gene expression. Such analysis seems promising to explore yet undescribed regulatory mechanisms of glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and identify the key regulators as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Vorotnikov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123007, Russia.
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - Daniil V Popov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123007, Russia.
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel A Makhnovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123007, Russia
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15
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Skovsø S, Panzhinskiy E, Kolic J, Cen HH, Dionne DA, Dai XQ, Sharma RB, Elghazi L, Ellis CE, Faulkner K, Marcil SAM, Overby P, Noursadeghi N, Hutchinson D, Hu X, Li H, Modi H, Wildi JS, Botezelli JD, Noh HL, Suk S, Gablaski B, Bautista A, Kim R, Cras-Méneur C, Flibotte S, Sinha S, Luciani DS, Nislow C, Rideout EJ, Cytrynbaum EN, Kim JK, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Alonso LC, MacDonald PE, Johnson JD. Beta-cell specific Insr deletion promotes insulin hypersecretion and improves glucose tolerance prior to global insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2022; 13:735. [PMID: 35136059 PMCID: PMC8826929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor (Insr) protein is present at higher levels in pancreatic β-cells than in most other tissues, but the consequences of β-cell insulin resistance remain enigmatic. Here, we use an Ins1cre knock-in allele to delete Insr specifically in β-cells of both female and male mice. We compare experimental mice to Ins1cre-containing littermate controls at multiple ages and on multiple diets. RNA-seq of purified recombined β-cells reveals transcriptomic consequences of Insr loss, which differ between female and male mice. Action potential and calcium oscillation frequencies are increased in Insr knockout β-cells from female, but not male mice, whereas only male βInsrKO islets have reduced ATP-coupled oxygen consumption rate and reduced expression of genes involved in ATP synthesis. Female βInsrKO and βInsrHET mice exhibit elevated insulin release in ex vivo perifusion experiments, during hyperglycemic clamps, and following i.p. glucose challenge. Deletion of Insr does not alter β-cell area up to 9 months of age, nor does it impair hyperglycemia-induced proliferation. Based on our data, we adapt a mathematical model to include β-cell insulin resistance, which predicts that β-cell Insr knockout improves glucose tolerance depending on the degree of whole-body insulin resistance. Indeed, glucose tolerance is significantly improved in female βInsrKO and βInsrHET mice compared to controls at 9, 21 and 39 weeks, and also in insulin-sensitive 4-week old males. We observe no improved glucose tolerance in older male mice or in high fat diet-fed mice, corroborating the prediction that global insulin resistance obscures the effects of β-cell specific insulin resistance. The propensity for hyperinsulinemia is associated with mildly reduced fasting glucose and increased body weight. We further validate our main in vivo findings using an Ins1-CreERT transgenic line and find that male mice have improved glucose tolerance 4 weeks after tamoxifen-mediated Insr deletion. Collectively, our data show that β-cell insulin resistance in the form of reduced β-cell Insr contributes to hyperinsulinemia in the context of glucose stimulation, thereby improving glucose homeostasis in otherwise insulin sensitive sex, dietary and age contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søs Skovsø
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Evgeniy Panzhinskiy
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jelena Kolic
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haoning Howard Cen
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Derek A Dionne
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiao-Qing Dai
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Rohit B Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynda Elghazi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cara E Ellis
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katharine Faulkner
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie A M Marcil
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Overby
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nilou Noursadeghi
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daria Hutchinson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaoke Hu
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hong Li
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Honey Modi
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Wildi
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Diego Botezelli
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hye Lim Noh
- Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Charles River Laboratories, Shrewsbury, MA, USA
| | - Sujin Suk
- Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Brian Gablaski
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Charles River Laboratories, Shrewsbury, MA, USA
| | - Austin Bautista
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ryekjang Kim
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Corentin Cras-Méneur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephane Flibotte
- UBC Life Sciences Institute Bioinformatics Facility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sunita Sinha
- UBC Sequencing and Bioinformatics Consortium, Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dan S Luciani
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Corey Nislow
- UBC Sequencing and Bioinformatics Consortium, Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Rideout
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric N Cytrynbaum
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Miami VA Health Care System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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