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Hsu CY, Vo TTT, Lee CW, Chen YL, Lin WN, Cheng HC, Vo QC, Lee IT. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 attenuates angiotensin II-induced IL-6/Jak2/Stat3-associated inflammation by inhibiting NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114978. [PMID: 35218740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common inflammatory vascular disease. Angiotensin II (Ang II) involves in AAA progression by promoting the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, the degradation of extracellular matrices, and the generation of ROS to lead to vascular inflammation. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, it remains unclear whether CORM-2 can suppress Ang II-induced vascular inflammation to prevent AAA progression. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the vasoprotective effects of CORM-2 against Ang II-induced inflammatory responses of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and the underlying mechanisms of those effects. The results showed that Ang II induced inflammatory responses of HASMCs via NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS/NF-κB/IL-6/Jak2/Stat3 pathway which was attenuated by the pretreatment with CORM-2. Additionally, CORM-2 further exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in Ang II-stimulated HASMCs, as indicated by the reduction of monocyte adhesion to HASMCs and migration of HASMCs via the suppression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 as well as MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels, respectively. Moreover, Ang II-induced COX-2-mediated PGE2 secretion was also inhibited by the pretreatment with CORM-2. Importantly, our data demonstrated that CORM-2 reversed Ang II-induced IL-6 overexpression dependent on Nrf2 activation and HO-1 expression. Taken together, the present study indicates that CORM-2-induced Nrf2/HO-1 alleviates IL-6/Jak2/Stat3-mediated inflammatory responses to Ang II by inhibiting NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS, suggesting that CORM-2 is a promising pharmacologic candidate to reverse the pathological changes involved in the inflammation of vessel wall for the prevention and treatment of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yi Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thi Thuy Tien Vo
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Quang Canh Vo
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Ren D, Song J, Liu R, Zeng X, Yan X, Zhang Q, Yuan X. Molecular and Biomechanical Adaptations to Mechanical Stretch in Cultured Myotubes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:689492. [PMID: 34408658 PMCID: PMC8365838 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.689492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotubes are mature muscle cells that form the basic structural element of skeletal muscle. When stretching skeletal muscles, myotubes are subjected to passive tension as well. This lead to alterations in myotube cytophysiology, which could be related with muscular biomechanics. During the past decades, much progresses have been made in exploring biomechanical properties of myotubes in vitro. In this review, we integrated the studies focusing on cultured myotubes being mechanically stretched, and classified these studies into several categories: amino acid and glucose uptake, protein turnover, myotube hypertrophy and atrophy, maturation, alignment, secretion of cytokines, cytoskeleton adaption, myotube damage, ion channel activation, and oxidative stress in myotubes. These biomechanical adaptions do not occur independently, but interconnect with each other as part of the systematic mechanoresponse of myotubes. The purpose of this review is to broaden our comprehensions of stretch-induced muscular alterations in cellular and molecular scales, and to point out future challenges and directions in investigating myotube biomechanical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Ren
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,College of Dentistry, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuemin Zeng
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,College of Dentistry, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Attilio PJ, Snapper DM, Rusnak M, Isaac A, Soltis AR, Wilkerson MD, Dalgard CL, Symes AJ. Transcriptomic Analysis of Mouse Brain After Traumatic Brain Injury Reveals That the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Candesartan Acts Through Novel Pathways. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:636259. [PMID: 33828448 PMCID: PMC8019829 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.636259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in complex pathological reactions, where the initial lesion is followed by secondary inflammation and edema. Our laboratory and others have reported that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have efficacy in improving recovery from traumatic brain injury in mice. Treatment of mice with a subhypotensive dose of the ARB candesartan results in improved functional recovery, and reduced pathology (lesion volume, inflammation and gliosis). In order to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which candesartan improves recovery after controlled cortical impact injury (CCI), we performed transcriptomic profiling on brain regions after injury and drug treatment. We examined RNA expression in the ipsilateral hippocampus, thalamus and hypothalamus at 3 or 29 days post injury (dpi) treated with either candesartan (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle. RNA was isolated and analyzed by bulk mRNA-seq. Gene expression in injured and/or candesartan treated brain region was compared to that in sham vehicle treated mice in the same brain region to identify genes that were differentially expressed (DEGs) between groups. The most DEGs were expressed in the hippocampus at 3 dpi, and the number of DEGs reduced with distance and time from the lesion. Among pathways that were differentially expressed at 3 dpi after CCI, candesartan treatment altered genes involved in angiogenesis, interferon signaling, extracellular matrix regulation including integrins and chromosome maintenance and DNA replication. At 29 dpi, candesartan treatment reduced the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response. Some changes in gene expression were confirmed in a separate cohort of animals by qPCR. Fewer DEGs were found in the thalamus, and only one in the hypothalamus at 3 dpi. Additionally, in the hippocampi of sham injured mice, 3 days of candesartan treatment led to the differential expression of 384 genes showing that candesartan in the absence of injury had a powerful impact on gene expression specifically in the hippocampus. Our results suggest that candesartan has broad actions in the brain after injury and affects different processes at acute and chronic times after injury. These data should assist in elucidating the beneficial effect of candesartan on recovery from TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Attilio
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dustin M. Snapper
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Milan Rusnak
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Akira Isaac
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anthony R. Soltis
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew D. Wilkerson
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clifton L. Dalgard
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aviva J. Symes
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Alves-Lopes R, Neves KB, Anagnostopoulou A, Rios FJ, Lacchini S, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Crosstalk Between Vascular Redox and Calcium Signaling in Hypertension Involves TRPM2 (Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2) Cation Channel. Hypertension 2019; 75:139-149. [PMID: 31735084 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and altered Ca2+ handling cause vascular damage in hypertension. Mechanisms linking these systems are unclear, but TRPM2 (transient receptor potential melastatin 2) could be important because TRPM2 is a ROS sensor and a regulator of Ca2+ and Na+ transport. We hypothesized that TRPM2 is a point of cross-talk between redox and Ca2+ signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and that in hypertension ROS mediated-TRPM2 activation increases [Ca2+]i through processes involving NCX (Na+/Ca2+ exchanger). VSMCs from hypertensive and normotensive individuals and isolated arteries from wild type and hypertensive mice (LinA3) were studied. Generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased in hypertensive VSMCs, effects associated with activation of redox-sensitive PARP1 (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1), a TRPM2 regulator. Ang II (angiotensin II) increased Ca2+ and Na+ influx with exaggerated responses in hypertension. These effects were attenuated by catalase-polyethylene glycol -catalase and TRPM2 inhibitors (2-APB, 8-Br-cADPR olaparib). TRPM2 siRNA decreased Ca2+ in hypertensive VSMCs. NCX inhibitors (Benzamil, KB-R7943, YM244769) normalized Ca2+ hyper-responsiveness and MLC20 phosphorylation in hypertensive VSMCs. In arteries from LinA3 mice, exaggerated agonist (U46619, Ang II, phenylephrine)-induced vasoconstriction was decreased by TRPM2 and NCX inhibitors. In conclusion, activation of ROS-dependent PARP1-regulated TRPM2 contributes to vascular Ca2+ and Na+ influx in part through NCX. We identify a novel pathway linking ROS to Ca2+ signaling through TRPM2/NCX in human VSMCs and suggest that oxidative stress-induced upregulation of this pathway may be a new player in hypertension-associated vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- From the Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., K.B.N., A.A., F.J.R., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Karla B Neves
- From the Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., K.B.N., A.A., F.J.R., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Aikaterini Anagnostopoulou
- From the Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., K.B.N., A.A., F.J.R., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Francisco J Rios
- From the Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., K.B.N., A.A., F.J.R., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Silvia Lacchini
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil (S.L.)
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- From the Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., K.B.N., A.A., F.J.R., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- From the Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., K.B.N., A.A., F.J.R., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
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5
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Wan L, Huang J, Ni H, Yu G. Screening key genes for abdominal aortic aneurysm based on gene expression omnibus dataset. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:34. [PMID: 29439675 PMCID: PMC5812227 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common cardiovascular system disease with high mortality. The aim of this study was to identify potential genes for diagnosis and therapy in AAA. Methods We searched and downloaded mRNA expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from AAA and normal individuals. Then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, transcriptional factors (TFs) network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were used to explore the function of genes. Additionally, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to validate the expression of identified genes. Finally, the diagnostic value of identified genes was accessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in GEO database. Results A total of 1199 DEGs (188 up-regulated and 1011 down-regulated) were identified between AAA and normal individual. KEGG pathway analysis displayed that vascular smooth muscle contraction and pathways in cancer were significantly enriched signal pathway. The top 10 up-regulated and top 10 down-regulated DEGs were used to construct TFs and PPI networks. Some genes with high degrees such as NELL2, CCR7, MGAM, HBB, CSNK2A2, ZBTB16 and FOXO1 were identified to be related to AAA. The consequences of IHC staining showed that CCR7 and PDGFA were up-regulated in tissue samples of AAA. ROC analysis showed that NELL2, CCR7, MGAM, HBB, CSNK2A2, ZBTB16, FOXO1 and PDGFA had the potential diagnostic value for AAA. Conclusions The identified genes including NELL2, CCR7, MGAM, HBB, CSNK2A2, ZBTB16, FOXO1 and PDGFA might be involved in the pathology of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Department of pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyong Huang
- Department of vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.3, YuanXi Lane, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| | - Haizhen Ni
- Department of vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.3, YuanXi Lane, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Guanfeng Yu
- Department of vascular surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, NO.3, YuanXi Lane, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
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6
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Ye Q, Pang S, Zhang W, Guo X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wu X, Jiang F. Therapeutic Targeting of RNA Polymerase I With the Small-Molecule CX-5461 for Prevention of Arterial Injury-Induced Neointimal Hyperplasia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:476-484. [PMID: 28062495 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE RNA polymerase I (Pol I)-dependent rRNA synthesis is a determinant factor in ribosome biogenesis and thus cell proliferation. The importance of dysregulated Pol I activity in cardiovascular disease, however, has not been recognized. Here, we tested the hypothesis that specific inhibition of Pol I might prevent arterial injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. APPROACH AND RESULTS CX-5461 is a novel selective Pol I inhibitor. Using this tool, we demonstrated that local inhibition of Pol I blocked balloon injury-induced neointima formation in rat carotid arteries in vivo. Neointimal development was associated with augmented rDNA transcriptional activity as evidenced by the increased phosphorylation of upstream binding factor-1. The beneficial effect of CX-5461 was mainly mediated by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest of proliferating smooth muscle cells without obvious apoptosis. CX-5461 did not induce p53 stabilization but increased p53 phosphorylation and acetylation and activated the ataxia telangiectasia mutated/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) pathway. Inhibition of ATR, but not of ataxia telangiectasia mutated, abolished the cytostatic effect of CX-5461 and p53 phosphorylation. In addition, inhibition of p53 or knockdown of the p53 target GADD45 mimicked the effect of ATR inhibition. In vivo experiments showed that the levels of phospho-p53 and acetyl-p53, and activity of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated/ATR pathway were all augmented in CX-5461-treated vessels. CONCLUSIONS Pol I can be therapeutically targeted to inhibit the growth of neointima, supporting that Pol I is a novel biological target for preventing arterial restenosis. Mechanistically, Pol I inhibition elicited G2/M cell cycle arrest in smooth muscle cells via activation of the ATR-p53 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- From the School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China (Q.Y., S.P., W.Z., X.G., J.W., Y.L., F.J.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research & The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); and Department of Cardiology, Qing Dao Central Hospital, Qing Dao, Shandong Province, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Shu Pang
- From the School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China (Q.Y., S.P., W.Z., X.G., J.W., Y.L., F.J.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research & The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); and Department of Cardiology, Qing Dao Central Hospital, Qing Dao, Shandong Province, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- From the School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China (Q.Y., S.P., W.Z., X.G., J.W., Y.L., F.J.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research & The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); and Department of Cardiology, Qing Dao Central Hospital, Qing Dao, Shandong Province, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- From the School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China (Q.Y., S.P., W.Z., X.G., J.W., Y.L., F.J.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research & The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); and Department of Cardiology, Qing Dao Central Hospital, Qing Dao, Shandong Province, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianli Wang
- From the School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China (Q.Y., S.P., W.Z., X.G., J.W., Y.L., F.J.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research & The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); and Department of Cardiology, Qing Dao Central Hospital, Qing Dao, Shandong Province, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- From the School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China (Q.Y., S.P., W.Z., X.G., J.W., Y.L., F.J.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research & The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); and Department of Cardiology, Qing Dao Central Hospital, Qing Dao, Shandong Province, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Yang Liu
- From the School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China (Q.Y., S.P., W.Z., X.G., J.W., Y.L., F.J.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research & The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); and Department of Cardiology, Qing Dao Central Hospital, Qing Dao, Shandong Province, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiao Wu
- From the School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China (Q.Y., S.P., W.Z., X.G., J.W., Y.L., F.J.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research & The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); and Department of Cardiology, Qing Dao Central Hospital, Qing Dao, Shandong Province, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Fan Jiang
- From the School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China (Q.Y., S.P., W.Z., X.G., J.W., Y.L., F.J.); Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research & The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.W.); and Department of Cardiology, Qing Dao Central Hospital, Qing Dao, Shandong Province, China (Y.Z.).
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Callera GE, Antunes TT, He Y, Montezano AC, Yogi A, Savoia C, Touyz RM. c-Src Inhibition Improves Cardiovascular Function but not Remodeling or Fibrosis in Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension. Hypertension 2016; 68:1179-1190. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
c-Src plays an important role in angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling. Whether this member of the Src family kinases is involved in the development of Ang II–induced hypertension and associated cardiovascular damage in vivo remains unknown. Here, we studied Ang II–infused (400 ng/kg/min) mice in which c-Src was partially deleted (
c-Src
+/−
) and in wild-type (WT,
c-Src
+/+
) mice treated with a c-Src inhibitor (CGP077675; 25 mg/kg/d). Ang II increased blood pressure and induced endothelial dysfunction in WT mice, responses that were ameliorated in
c-Src
+/−
and CGP077675-treated mice. Vascular wall thickness and cross-sectional area were similarly increased by Ang II in WT and
c-Src
+/−
mice. CGP077675 further increased cross-sectional area in hypertensive mice. Cardiac dysfunction (ejection fraction and fractional shortening) in Ang II–infused WT mice was normalized in
c-Src
+/−
mice. Increased oxidative stress (plasma thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, and vascular superoxide generation) in Ang II–infused WT mice was attenuated in c-Src–deficient and CGP077675-treated mice. Hyperactivation of vascular c-Src, ERK1/2 (extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2), and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) in hypertensive mice was normalized in CGP077675-treated and
c-Src
+/−
mice. Vascular fibronectin was increased by Ang II in all groups and further augmented by CGP077675. Cardiac fibrosis and inflammation induced by Ang II were amplified in
c-Src
+/−
and CGP-treated mice. Our data indicate that although c-Src downregulation attenuates development of hypertension, improves endothelial and cardiac function, reduces oxidative stress, and normalizes vascular signaling, it has little beneficial effect on fibrosis. These findings suggest a divergent role for c-Src in Ang II–dependent hypertension, where c-Src may be more important in regulating redox-sensitive cardiac and vascular function than fibrosis and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia E. Callera
- From the Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (G.E.C., T.T.A., Y.H., A.C.M., A.Y., R.M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Cardiology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (C.S.)
| | - Tayze T. Antunes
- From the Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (G.E.C., T.T.A., Y.H., A.C.M., A.Y., R.M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Cardiology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (C.S.)
| | - Ying He
- From the Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (G.E.C., T.T.A., Y.H., A.C.M., A.Y., R.M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Cardiology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (C.S.)
| | - Augusto C. Montezano
- From the Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (G.E.C., T.T.A., Y.H., A.C.M., A.Y., R.M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Cardiology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (C.S.)
| | - Alvaro Yogi
- From the Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (G.E.C., T.T.A., Y.H., A.C.M., A.Y., R.M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Cardiology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (C.S.)
| | - Carmine Savoia
- From the Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (G.E.C., T.T.A., Y.H., A.C.M., A.Y., R.M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Cardiology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (C.S.)
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- From the Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (G.E.C., T.T.A., Y.H., A.C.M., A.Y., R.M.T.); Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.C.M., R.M.T.); and Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Cardiology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (C.S.)
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Je HD, Sohn UD, La HO. Endothelium-Independent Effect of Fisetin on the Agonist-Induced Regulation of Vascular Contractility. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:57-61. [PMID: 26759702 PMCID: PMC4703353 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fisetin, a natural flavonoid found in a variety of vegetables and fruits, has been shown to possess many biological functions. The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of fisetin on vascular smooth muscle contractility and to determine the mechanism involved. Denuded aortic rings from male rats were used and isometric contractions were recorded and combined with molecular experiments. Fisetin significantly relaxed fluoride-, thromboxane A2- or phorbol ester-induced vascular contraction suggesting as a possible anti-hypertensive on the agonist-induced vascular contraction regardless of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis. Furthermore, fisetin significantly inhibited fluoride-induced increases in pMYPT1 levels and phorbol ester-induced increases in pERK1/2 levels suggesting the mechanism involving the inhibition of Rho-kinase activity and the subsequent phosphorylation of MYPT1 and MEK activity and the subsequent phosphorylation of ERK1/2. This study provides evidence regarding the mechanism underlying the relaxation effect of fisetin on agonist-induced vascular contraction regardless of endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Dong Je
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyen-Oh La
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 14662, Republic of Korea
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9
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Je HD, Kim HD, La HO. The inhibitory effect of shikonin on the agonist-induced regulation of vascular contractility. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:233-7. [PMID: 25995821 PMCID: PMC4428715 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, a natural flavonoid found in the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has been shown to possess many biological functions. The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of shikonin on vascular smooth muscle contractility and to determine the mechanism involved. Denuded aortic rings from male rats were used and isometric contractions were recorded and combined with molecular experiments. Shikonin significantly relaxed fluoride-, thromboxane A2- or phorbol ester-induced vascular contraction suggesting as a possible anti-hypertensive on the agonist-induced vascular contraction regardless of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis. Furthermore, shikonin significantly inhibited fluoride-induced increases in pMYPT1 levels and phorbol ester-induced increases in pERK1/2 levels suggesting the mechanism involving the inhibition of Rho-kinase activity and the subsequent phosphorylation of MYPT1 and the inhibition of MEK activity and the subsequent phosphorylation of ERK1/2. This study provides evidence regarding the mechanism underlying the relaxation effect of shikonin on agonist-induced vascular contraction regardless of endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Dong Je
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk 712-702
| | - Hyeong-Dong Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 336-871
| | - Hyen-Oh La
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
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10
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Wang C, Qian X, Sun X, Chang Q. Angiotensin II increases matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells via AT1R and ERK1/2. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1564-71. [PMID: 25767191 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215576312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) and activated matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) produced by human aortic smooth muscle cells (human ASMCs) have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). Additionally, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation contributes to TAA development in Marfan Syndrome. However, there is scant data regarding the relationship between Ang II and MMP-2 expression in human ASMCs. Therefore, we investigated the effect of Ang II on MMP-2 expression in human ASMCs and used Western blotting to identify the Ang II receptors and intracellular signaling pathways involved. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence data demonstrated that Ang II receptors were expressed on human ASMCs. Additionally, Ang II increased the expression of Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2R) but not AT1R at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Furthermore, Western blotting showed that Ang II increased MMP-2 expression in human ASMCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This response was completely inhibited by the AT1R inhibitor candesartan but not by the AT2R blocker PD123319. In addition, Ang II-induced upregulation of MMP-2 was mediated by the activation of ERK1/2, whereas p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) had no effect on this process. In conclusion, these results indicate that Ang II can increase the expression of MMP-2 via AT1 receptor and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in human ASMCs and suggest that antagonists of AT1R and ERK1/2 may be useful for treating TAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Aorta Surgery Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100037, China
| | - Xiangyang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Aorta Surgery Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100037, China
| | - Xiaogang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Aorta Surgery Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100037, China
| | - Qian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Aorta Surgery Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100037, China
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11
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Wang B, Li C, Huai R, Qu Z. Overexpression of ANO1/TMEM16A, an arterial Ca2+-activated Cl- channel, contributes to spontaneous hypertension. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 82:22-32. [PMID: 25739000 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) have been implicated in hypertension; however, the mechanism underlying their involvement is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether the CaCC ANO1 is involved in the pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension. Arterial ANO1 expression and the effects on blood pressure (BP) of inhibiting ANO1 with an ANO1 inhibitor, T16(Ainh)-A01, and in vivo RNAi, were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Knockdown of ANO1 by siRNA prevented hypertensive development, and attenuation of ANO1 channel activity reduced BP in SHRs. Angiotensin II upregulated ANO1 expression in primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The protein level and activity of cellular ANO1 positively correlated with VSMC proliferation. Our data indicate an important role of increased ANO1 expression and activity in inducing hypertension in SHRs. It may mediate angiotensin II-dependent vascular remodeling. Our results increase the mechanistic understanding of hypertension and suggest ANO1 as a possible therapeutic target for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxiang Wang
- Department of Physiology, Center for Medical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Department of Physiology, Taishan Medical College, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Physiology, Center for Medical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ruituo Huai
- Robot Research Center, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Qu
- Department of Physiology, Center for Medical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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12
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Izawa K, Okada M, Sumitomo K, Nakagawa N, Aizawa Y, Kawabe J, Kikuchi K, Hasebe N. Impaired glutathione redox system paradoxically suppresses angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108115. [PMID: 25343455 PMCID: PMC4208744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II (AII) plays a central role in vascular remodeling via oxidative stress. However, the interaction between AII and reduced glutathione (GSH) redox status in cardiovascular remodeling remains unknown. METHODS In vivo: The cuff-induced vascular injury model was applied to Sprague Dawley rats. Then we administered saline or a GSH inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 30 mmol/L in drinking water) for a week, subsequently administered 4 more weeks by osmotic pump with saline or AII (200 ng/kg/minute) to the rats. In vitro: Incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was measured to determine DNA synthesis in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). RESULTS BSO reduced whole blood GSH levels. Systolic blood pressure was increased up to 215 ± 4 mmHg by AII at 4 weeks (p<0.01), which was not affected by BSO. Superoxide production in vascular wall was increased by AII and BSO alone, and was markedly enhanced by AII+BSO. The left ventricular weight to body weight ratio was significantly increased in AII and AII+BSO as compared to controls (2.52 ± 0.08, 2.50 ± 0.09 and 2.10 ± 0.07 mg/g respectively, p<0.05). Surprisingly, the co-treatment of BSO totally abolished these morphological changes. Although the vascular circumferential wall stress was well compensated in AII, significantly increased in AII+BSO. The anti-single-stranded DNA staining revealed increasing apoptotic cells in the neointima of injured arteries in BSO groups. BrdU incorporation in cultured VSMCs with AII was increased dose-dependently. Furthermore it was totally abolished by BSO and was reversed by GSH monoethyl ester. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that a vast oxidative stress in impaired GSH redox system totally abolished AII-induced vascular, not cardiac remodeling via enhancement of apoptosis in the neointima and suppression of cell growth in the media. The drastic suppression of remodeling may result in fragile vasculature intolerable to mechanical stress by AII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Izawa
- Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Motoi Okada
- Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sumitomo
- Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Aizawa
- Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Kawabe
- Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kikuchi
- Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hasebe
- Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Hagihara GN, Lobato NS, Filgueira FP, Akamine EH, Aragão DS, Casarini DE, Carvalho MHC, Fortes ZB. Upregulation of ERK1/2-eNOS via AT2 receptors decreases the contractile response to angiotensin II in resistance mesenteric arteries from obese rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106029. [PMID: 25170617 PMCID: PMC4149482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been clearly established that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKS) are important mediators of angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling via AT1 receptors in the vasculature. However, evidence for a role of these kinases in changes of Ang II-induced vasoconstriction in obesity is still lacking. Here we sought to determine whether vascular MAPKs are differentially activated by Ang II in obese animals. The role of AT2 receptors was also evaluated. Male monosodium glutamate-induced obese (obese) and non-obese Wistar rats (control) were used. The circulating concentrations of Ang I and Ang II, determined by HPLC, were increased in obese rats. Ang II-induced isometric contraction was decreased in endothelium-intact resistance mesenteric arteries from obese compared with control rats and exhibited a retarded AT1 receptor antagonist response. Blocking of AT2 receptors and inhibition of either endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) restored Ang II-induced contraction in obese rats. Western blot analysis revealed increased protein expression of AT2 receptors in arteries from obese rats. Basal and Ang II-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was also increased in obese rats. Blockade of either AT1 or AT2 receptors corrected the increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in arteries from obese rats to levels observed in control preparations. Phosphorylation of eNOS was increased in obese rats. Incubation with the ERK1/2 inhibitor before Ang II stimulation did not affect eNOS phosphorylation in control rats; however, it corrected the increased phosphorylation of eNOS in obese rats. These results clearly demonstrate that enhanced AT2 receptor and ERK1/2-induced, NO-mediated vasodilation reduces Ang II-induced contraction in an endothelium-dependent manner in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela N. Hagihara
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nubia S. Lobato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Goias, Jatai, Brazil
| | - Fernando P. Filgueira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Federal University of Goias, Jatai, Brazil
| | - Eliana H. Akamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle S. Aragão
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dulce E. Casarini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena C. Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zuleica B. Fortes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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14
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Je HD, Kim HD, La HO. The Inhibitory Effect of Apigenin on the Agonist-Induced Regulation of Vascular Contractility via Calcium Desensitization-Related Pathways. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:100-5. [PMID: 24753814 PMCID: PMC3975479 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Apigenin, a natural flavonoid found in a variety of vegetables and fruits, has been shown to possess many biological functions. The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of apigenin on vascular smooth muscle contractility and to determine the mechanism involved. Denuded aortic rings from male rats were used and isometric contractions were recorded and combined with molecular experiments. Apigenin significantly relaxed fluoride-, thromboxane A2 mimetic- or phorbol ester-induced vascular contraction, which suggests that apigenin could be an anti-hypertensive that reduces agonist-induced vascular contraction regardless of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis. Furthermore, apigenin significantly inhibited fluoride-induced increases in pMYPT1 levels and phorbol ester-induced increases in pERK1/2 levels, which suggests the mechanism involving the inhibition of Rho-kinase and MEK activity and the subsequent phosphorylation of MYPT1 and ERK1/2. This study provides evidence regarding the mechanism underlying the relaxation effect of apigenin on agonist-induced vascular contraction regardless of endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Dong Je
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk 712-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Dong Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 336-871, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyen-Oh La
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Savoia
- Carmine Savoia is Associate Professor of Cardiology, Cardiology Unit and Chair, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. After a fellowship in Ernesto Schiffrin’s laboratory, he has continued his research on pathophysiology of hypertension, vascular remodeling and cardiovascular damage, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and clinical studies in diabetic and/or hypertensive patients
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Ernesto L Schiffrin is Physician-in-Chief, Jewish General Hospital, Canada Research Chair in Hypertension and Vascular Research, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, and Professor and Vice-Chair (Research), Department of Medicine, McGill University (Montreal, Canada). His research deals with vascular remodeling in hypertension, renal and cardiometabolic diseases, from mice to humans, and the influence of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone and endothelin systems, nuclear receptors and immunity on
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16
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Yang L, Sakurai T, Kamiyoshi A, Ichikawa-Shindo Y, Kawate H, Yoshizawa T, Koyama T, Iesato Y, Uetake R, Yamauchi A, Tanaka M, Toriyama Y, Igarashi K, Shindo T. Endogenous CGRP protects against neointimal hyperplasia following wire-induced vascular injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 59:55-66. [PMID: 23416515 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia is the primary lesion underlying atherosclerosis and restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is produced by alternative splicing of the primary transcript of the calcitonin/CGRP gene. Originally identified as a strongly vasodilatory neuropeptide, CGRP is now known to be a pleiotropic peptide widely distributed in various organs and tissues. Our aim was to investigate the possibility that CGRP acts as an endogenous vasoprotective molecule. We compared the effect of CGRP deficiency on neointimal formation after wire-induced vascular injury in wild-type and CGRP knockout (CGRP-/-) mice. We found that neointimal formation after vascular injury was markedly enhanced in CGRP-/- mice, which also showed a higher degree of oxidative stress, as indicated by reduced expression of nitric oxide synthase, increased expression of p47phox, and elevated levels of 4HNE, as well as greater infiltration of macrophages. In addition, CGRP-deficiency led to increased vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation within the neointima. By contrast, bone marrow-derived cells had little or no effect on neointimal formation in CGRP-/-mice. In vitro analysis showed that CGRP-treatment suppressed VSMC proliferation, migration, and ERK1/2 activity. These results clearly demonstrate that endogenous CGRP suppresses the oxidative stress and VSMC proliferation induced by vascular injury. As a vasoprotective molecule, CGRP could be an important therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Valdés G, Corthorn J, Bharadwaj MS, Joyner J, Schneider D, Brosnihan KB. Utero-placental expression of angiotensin-(1-7) and ACE2 in the pregnant guinea-pig. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2013; 11:5. [PMID: 23339712 PMCID: PMC3567991 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, trophoblast invasion, vascular remodeling and placental development are critical to determine the fate of pregnancy. Since guinea-pigs (GP) and humans share common pregnancy features including extensive trophoblast invasion, transformation of the uterine spiral arteries and a haemomonochorial placenta, the GP animal model was deemed suitable to extend our knowledge on the spatio-temporal immunoreactive expression of the vasodilator arpeptide of the renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] and its main generating enzyme, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). METHODS Utero-placental units were collected in days 15, 20, 40 and 60 of a 64-67 day long pregnancy in 25 Pirbright GP. Ang-(1-7) and ACE2 expression in utero-placental units were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Ang-(1-7) and ACE2 were detected in the endothelium and syncytiotrophoblast of the labyrinthine placenta, interlobium, subplacenta, giant cells, syncytial sprouts, syncytial streamers, and myometrium throughout pregnancy. In late pregnancy, perivascular or intramural trophoblasts in spiral and mesometrial arteries expressed both factors. Immunoreactive Ang-(1-7) and ACE2 were present in decidua and in the vascular smooth muscle of spiral, myometrial and mesometrial arteries, which also express kallikrein (Kal), the bradykinin receptor 2 (B2R), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its type 2 receptor (KDR), but no endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In addition, the signal of Ang-(1-7) and ACE2 was especially remarkable in giant cells, which also show Kal, B2R. eNOS, VEGF and KDR. CONCLUSIONS The spatio-temporal expression of Ang-(1-7) and ACE2 in GP, similar to that of humans, supports a relevant evolutionary conserved function of Ang-(1-7) and ACE2 in decidualization, trophoblast invasion, vascular remodeling and placental flow regulation, as well as the validity of the GP model to understand the local adaptations of pregnancy. It also integrates Ang-(1-7) to the utero-placental vasodilatory network. However, its antiangiogenic effect may counterbalance the proangiogenic activity of some of the other vasodilator components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Valdés
- Centro de Investigaciones Médicas y Departamento de Nefrología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenny Corthorn
- Centro de Investigaciones Médicas y Departamento de Nefrología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manish S Bharadwaj
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - JaNae Joyner
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniela Schneider
- Centro de Investigaciones Médicas y Departamento de Nefrología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Bridget Brosnihan
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Anti-proliferative effect of rosiglitazone on angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation is mediated by the mTOR pathway. Cell Biol Int 2012; 36:305-10. [PMID: 22050182 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
VSMC (vascular smooth muscle cell) proliferation contributes significantly to intimal thickening in atherosclerosis, restenosis and venous bypass graft diseases. Ang II (angiotensin II) has been implicated in VSMC proliferation though the activation of multiple growth-promoting signals. Although TZDs (thiazolidinediones) can inhibit VSMC proliferation and reduce Ang II-induced fibrosis, the mechanism underlying the inhibition of VSMC proliferation and fibrosis needs elucidation. We have used primary cultured rat aortic VSMCs and specific antibodies to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of rosiglitazone on Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation. Rosiglitazone treatment significantly inhibited Ang II-induced rat aortic VSMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that rosiglitazone significantly lowered phosphorylated ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2), Akt (also known as protein kinase B), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), p70S6K (70 kDa S6 kinase) and 4EBP1 (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein) levels in Ang II-treated VSMCs. In addition, PPAR-γ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ) mRNA increased significantly and CTGF (connective tissue growth factor), Fn (fibronectin) and Col III (collagen III) levels decreased significantly. The results demonstrate that the rosiglitazone directly inhibits the pro-atherosclerotic effect of Ang II on rat aortic VSMCs. It also attenuates Ang II-induced ECM (extracellular matrix) molecules and CTGF production in rat aortic VSMCs, reducing fibrosis. Importantly, PPAR-γ activation mediates these effects, in part, through the mTOR-p70S6K and -4EBP1 system.
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Yoshida T, Semprun-Prieto L, Wainford RD, Sukhanov S, Kapusta DR, Delafontaine P. Angiotensin II reduces food intake by altering orexigenic neuropeptide expression in the mouse hypothalamus. Endocrinology 2012; 153:1411-20. [PMID: 22234465 PMCID: PMC3281527 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II), which is elevated in many chronic disease states such as end-stage renal disease and congestive heart failure, induces cachexia and skeletal muscle wasting by increasing muscle protein breakdown and reducing food intake. Neurohormonal mechanisms that mediate Ang II-induced appetite suppression are unknown. Consequently, we examined the effect of Ang II on expression of genes regulating appetite. Systemic Ang II (1 μg/kg · min) infusion in FVB mice rapidly reduced hypothalamic expression of neuropeptide Y (Npy) and orexin and decreased food intake at 6 h compared with sham-infused controls but did not change peripheral leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, glucagon-like peptide, peptide YY, or cholecystokinin levels. These effects were completely blocked by the Ang II type I receptor antagonist candesartan or deletion of Ang II type 1a receptor. Ang II markedly reduced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme that is known to regulate Npy expression. Intracerebroventricular Ang II infusion (50 ng/kg · min) caused a reduction of food intake, and Ang II dose dependently reduced Npy and orexin expression in the hypothalamus cultured ex vivo. The reduction of Npy and orexin in hypothalamic cultures was completely prevented by candesartan or the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside. Thus, Ang II type 1a receptor-dependent Ang II signaling reduces food intake by suppressing the hypothalamic expression of Npy and orexin, likely via AMPK dephosphorylation. These findings have major implications for understanding mechanisms of cachexia in chronic disease states such as congestive heart failure and end-stage renal disease, in which the renin-angiotensin system is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yoshida
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL-48, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Vetterkind S, Saphirstein RJ, Morgan KG. Stimulus-specific activation and actin dependency of distinct, spatially separated ERK1/2 fractions in A7r5 smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30409. [PMID: 22363435 PMCID: PMC3283592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A proliferative response of smooth muscle cells to activation of extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) has been linked to cardiovascular disease. In fully differentiated smooth muscle, however, ERK1/2 activation can also regulate contraction. Here, we use A7r5 smooth muscle cells, stimulated with 12-deoxyphorbol 13-isobutylate 20-acetate (DPBA) to induce cytoskeletal remodeling or fetal calf serum (FCS) to induce proliferation, to identify factors that determine the outcomes of ERK1/2 activation in smooth muscle. Knock down experiments, immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays show that the ERK1/2 scaffold caveolin-1 mediates ERK1/2 activation in response to DPBA, but not FCS, and that ERK1/2 is released from caveolin-1 upon DPBA, but not FCS, stimulation. Conversely, ERK1/2 associated with the actin cytoskeleton is significantly reduced after FCS, but not DPBA stimulation, as determined by Triton X fractionation. Furthermore, cytochalasin treatment inhibits DPBA, but not FCS-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, indicating that the actin cytoskeleton is not only a target but also is required for ERK1/2 activation. Our results show that (1) at least two ERK1/2 fractions are regulated separately by specific stimuli, and that (2) the association of ERK1/2 with the actin cytoskeleton regulates the outcome of ERK1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Vetterkind
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Havelka GE, Hogg ME, Martinez J, Banjeree MN, Jiang Q, Kibbe MR. Adventitial contributions of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt pathways to neointimal hyperplasia. Am J Surg 2011; 202:515-9. [PMID: 21906720 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that the efficacy of nitric oxide (NO) appears to be based on both sex and hormone status. The mechanism responsible for this differential efficacy is unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of sex, hormones, and NO on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt signaling pathways after arterial injury. METHODS Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent castration or sham surgery. Two weeks later, they underwent carotid artery balloon injury. Treatment groups included the following: control, injury, and injury + 1-[2-(carboxylato)pyrrolidin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (PROLI/NO) (n = 5 per group). Arteries were harvested 2 weeks after injury and assessed for phospho-ERK (pERK) and phospho-Akt (pAkt) expression. RESULTS After injury, more pERK and pAkt activity was seen in the adventitia than media in both sexes, regardless of hormone status (P < .05). In hormonally intact males, NO further increased pERK (44%) and pAkt (120%) after injury (P < .001). Castration attenuated the effects of NO. In hormonally intact females, NO caused the opposite pattern with pERK activity but did not affect pAkt activity. CONCLUSIONS After arterial injury, ERK and Akt activity is significantly greater in the adventitia than the media, and depends on sex, hormone status, and NO. Understanding adventitial regulation of proliferative signaling pathways will allow the development of targeted therapies for neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Havelka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
Hypertension is associated with vascular changes characterised by remodelling, endothelial dysfunction and hyperreactivity. Cellular processes underlying these perturbations include altered vascular smooth muscle cell growth and apoptosis, fibrosis, hypercontractility and calcification. Inflammation, associated with macrophage infiltration and increased expression of redox-sensitive pro-inflammatory genes, also contributes to vascular remodelling. Many of these features occur with ageing, and the vascular phenotype in hypertension is considered a phenomenon of ‘premature vascular ageing’. Among the many factors involved in the hypertensive vascular phenotype, angiotensin II (Ang II) is especially important. Ang II, previously thought to be the sole effector of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), is converted to smaller peptides [Ang III, Ang IV, Ang-(1-7)] that are biologically active in the vascular system. Another new component of the RAS is the (pro)renin receptor, which signals through Ang-II-independent mechanisms and might influence vascular function. Ang II mediates effects through complex signalling pathways on binding to its G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) AT1R and AT2R. These receptors are regulated by the GPCR-interacting proteins ATRAP, ARAP1 and ATIP. AT1R activation induces effects through the phospholipase C pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases, tyrosine kinases/phosphatases, RhoA/Rhokinase and NAD(P)H-oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species. Here we focus on recent developments and new research trends related to Ang II and the RAS and involvement in the hypertensive vascular phenotype.
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Beamish JA, He P, Kottke-Marchant K, Marchant RE. Molecular regulation of contractile smooth muscle cell phenotype: implications for vascular tissue engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 16:467-91. [PMID: 20334504 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) behavior is reviewed, with particular emphasis on stimuli that promote the contractile phenotype. SMCs can shift reversibly along a continuum from a quiescent, contractile phenotype to a synthetic phenotype, which is characterized by proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. This phenotypic plasticity can be harnessed for tissue engineering. Cultured synthetic SMCs have been used to engineer smooth muscle tissues with organized ECM and cell populations. However, returning SMCs to a contractile phenotype remains a key challenge. This review will integrate recent work on how soluble signaling factors, ECM, mechanical stimulation, and other cells contribute to the regulation of contractile SMC phenotype. The signal transduction pathways and mechanisms of gene expression induced by these stimuli are beginning to be elucidated and provide useful information for the quantitative analysis of SMC phenotype in engineered tissues. Progress in the development of tissue-engineered scaffold systems that implement biochemical, mechanical, or novel polymer fabrication approaches to promote contractile phenotype will also be reviewed. The application of an improved molecular understanding of SMC biology will facilitate the design of more potent cell-instructive scaffold systems to regulate SMC behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Beamish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7207, USA
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Mechanical stretch potentiates angiotensin II-induced proliferation in spontaneously hypertensive rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertens Res 2010; 33:1250-7. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Johnston APW, Baker J, De Lisio M, Parise G. Skeletal muscle myoblasts possess a stretch-responsive local angiotensin signalling system. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2010; 12:75-84. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320310381795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A paucity of information exists regarding the presence of local renin—angiotensin systems (RASs) in skeletal muscle and associated muscle stem cells. Skeletal muscle and muscle stem cells were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and examined for the presence of a local RAS using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blotting and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Furthermore, the effect of mechanical stimulation on RAS member gene expression was analysed. Whole skeletal muscle, primary myoblasts and C2C12 derived myoblasts and myotubes differentially expressed members of the RAS including angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2). Renin transcripts were never detected, however, mRNA for the ‘renin-like’ enzyme cathepsin D was observed and Ang I and Ang II were identified in cell culture supernatants from proliferating myoblasts. AT1 appeared to co-localise with polymerised actin filaments in proliferating myoblasts and was primarily found in the nucleus of terminally differentiated myotubes. Furthermore, mechanical stretch of proliferating and differentiating C2C12 cells differentially induced mRNA expression of angiotensinogen, AT 1 and AT2. Proliferating and differentiated muscle stem cells possess a local stress-responsive RAS in vitro. The precise function of a local RAS in myoblasts remains unknown. However, evidence presented here suggests that Ang II may be a regulator of skeletal muscle myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff Baker
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael De Lisio
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada,
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Zhang F, Hu Y, Xu Q, Ye S. Different effects of angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12323. [PMID: 20808802 PMCID: PMC2925946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin (Ang) II and Ang-(1-7) are two of the bioactive peptides of the rennin-angiotensin system. Ang II is involved in the development of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, while Ang-(1-7) shows cardiovascular protection in contrast to Ang II. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we investigated effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration, which are critical in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Treatment with Ang II resulted in an increase of SMC proliferation, whereas Ang-(1-7) alone had no effects. However, preincubation with Ang-(1-7) inhibited Ang II-induced SMC proliferation. Ang II promoted SMC migration, and this effect was abolished by pretreatment with Ang-(1-7). The stimulatory effects of Ang II on SMC proliferation and migration were blocked by the Ang II receptor antagonist lorsartan, while the inhibitory effects of Ang-(1-7) were abolished by the Ang-(1-7) receptor antagonist A-799. Ang II treatment caused activation of ERK1/2 mediated signaling, and this was inhibited by preincubation of SMCs with Ang-(1-7). Conclusion These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) inhibits Ang II-induced SMC proliferation and migration, at least in part, through negative modulation of Ang II induced ERK1/2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's BHF Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's BHF Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shu Ye
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: .
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Valsartan inhibits NPC cell line CNE-2 proliferation and invasion and promotes its sensitivity to radiation. Eur J Cancer Prev 2009; 18:510-7. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e32832f9c00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Losartan counteracts the hyper-reactivity to angiotensin II and ROCK1 over-activation in aortas isolated from streptozotocin-injected diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2009; 8:32. [PMID: 19545435 PMCID: PMC2711933 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-8-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In streptozotocin-injected rats (STZ-rats), we previously demonstrated a role for angiotensin II (AT-II) in cardiac remodelling and insulin resistance partially counteracted by in vivo treatment with losartan, an AT-II receptor antagonist. We now aimed to investigate the effect of treating diabetic STZ-rats with losartan on diabetes vascular response to vasoconstrictors. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided in four groups, two of them were assigned to receive losartan in the drinking water (20 mg/kg/day) until the experiment ending (3 weeks afterward). After 1 week, two groups, one of which receiving losartan, were injected in the tail vein with citrate buffer (normoglycemic, N and normoglycemic, losartan-treated, NL). The remaining received a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg in citrate i.v.) thus becoming diabetic (D) and diabetic losartan-treated (DL). Plasma glycaemia and blood pressure were measured in all animals before the sacrifice (15 days after diabetes induction). In aortic strips isolated from N, NL, D and DL rats we evaluated i) the isometric concentration-dependent contractile response to phenylephrine (Phe) and to AT-II; ii) the RhoA-kinase (ROCK1) activity and expression by enzyme-immunoassay and Western blot respectively. Key results The concentration-dependent contractile effect of Phe was similar in aortas from all groups, whereas at all concentrations tested, AT-II contraction efficacy was 2 and half and 1 and half times higher in D and DL respectively in comparison with N and NL. AT-II contracture was similarly reduced in all groups by AT-II receptor antagonists, irbesartan or irbesartan plus PD123319. HA-1077 (10 μM), an inhibitor of ROCK1 activity, reduced AT-II efficacy (Δmg/mg tissue w.w.) by -3.5 ± 1.0, -4.6 ± 1.9, -22.1 ± 2.2 and -11.4 ± 1.3 in N, NL, D and DL respectively). ROCK1 activity and expression were higher in D than in N/NL and DL aortas. Conclusion and implications Aortas isolated from STZ-rats present hyper-contracture to AT-II mainly dependent on the up-regulation of ROCK1 expression/activity. In vivo losartan treatment partially corrects AT-II hyper-contracture, limiting the increase in ROCK1 expression/activity. These data offer a new molecular mechanism supporting the rationale for using losartan in the prevention of diabetic vascular complications.
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Lee SJ, Kim WJ, Moon SK. TNF-alpha regulates vascular smooth muscle cell responses in genetic hypertension. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:837-43. [PMID: 19306950 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular and molecular events in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated. SHR-derived VSMC showed increased proliferative capacity and MAP kinase levels in comparison with WKY-derived VSMC. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that progression from G1 to S phase was faster in SHR-derived VSMC in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) as compared with cells from WKY. The G1 cell cycle-associated proteins such as cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4, and kinase activities associated with CDK2 and CDK4, were increased in SHR-derived VSMC. In addition, CDK inhibitor p21 was elevated in SHR-derived cells. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and migration were also increased in response to TNF-alpha in SHR-derived cells. This increase was characterized by the up-regulation of MMP-9, which was transcriptionally regulated at the AP-1 and NF-kappaB sites in the MMP-9 promoter. These results suggest that the hypertensive-associated increase in VSMC proliferative capacity, G1 to S-phase cell-cycle progress and MMP-9 expression may play a role in vascular remodeling in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jung Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Chungju National University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-702, South Korea
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Zhong J, Chen J, Cao T, Wang L, Zhang W, Liu D, Zhu Z. ADENOVIRUS-MEDIATED FKBP12.6 OVEREXPRESSION INDUCES HYPERTROPHY AND APOPTOSIS IN CULTURED NEONATAL CARDIOMYOCYTES. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36:135-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Itabashi H, Maesawa C, Oikawa H, Kotani K, Sakurai E, Kato K, Komatsu H, Nitta H, Kawamura H, Wakabayashi G, Masuda T. Angiotensin II and epidermal growth factor receptor cross-talk mediated by a disintegrin and metalloprotease accelerates tumor cell proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Hepatol Res 2008; 38:601-13. [PMID: 18452483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2007.00304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The cross-talk pathway between angiotensin II (AngII) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mediated by epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like ligands cleaved by a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) has been elucidated in several cell types. Even though the liver is a representative angiotensinogen-producing organ, such cross-talk has never been elucidated in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). We investigated whether AngII exerted a mitogenic effect on HCC cell lines through the AngII-EGFR cross-talk pathway. METHODS We determined the expression and/or phosphorylation status of AngII receptor type 1 (AGTR1), ADAM9, ADAM17, ERK1/2, STAT3, AKT and EGFR in five HCC cell lines using Western blotting. Proliferation and invasion activities were measured by ATP and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. RESULTS AGTR1 was expressed ubiquitously in HCC cell lines. EGFR expression in HepG2 was relatively weaker than that in the remaining HCC cell lines. The phosphorylation status of EGFR, ERK1/2, STAT3 and AKT was upregulated by AngII treatment in two EGFR-overexpressing cell lines (Huh7 and PLC/PRF/5), but not in HepG2 (showing weak EGFR expression). AngII stimulation significantly accelerated proliferation and invasion activities in Huh7 and PLC/PRF/5, and was inhibited by pretreatment with an ADAM inhibitor. A selective AGTR1 blocker significantly repressed proliferation activity in both cell lines, but did not significantly repress the invasion activity. Both chemical agents and neutralizing antibodies against ADAMs (ADAM9 and ADAM17) and EGF-like ligands suppressed EGFR transactivation and/or subsequent phosphorylation of ERK1/2, STAT3 and AKT. CONCLUSION These results suggest that AngII-EGFR cross-talk signaling mediated by ADAMs is involved in the proliferation and invasion activities of several HCC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Itabashi
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
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Sudar E, Velebit J, Gluvic Z, Zakula Z, Lazic E, Vuksanovic-Topic L, Putnikovic B, Neskovic A, Isenovic ER. Hypothetical mechanism of sodium pump regulation by estradiol under primary hypertension. J Theor Biol 2008; 251:584-92. [PMID: 18304583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Causal relationship between sodium and hypertension has been proposed and various changes in Na+,K+-ATPase (sodium pump) activity have been described in established primary hypertension. A number of direct vascular effects of estradiol have been reported, including its impact on the regulation of sodium pump activity and vasomotor tone. The effects of estradiol involve the activation of multiple signaling cascades, including phosphatydil inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p42/44(MAPK)). In addition, some of the effects of estradiol have been linked to activity of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)). One possible cardioprotective mechanism of estradiol involves of the interaction between estradiol and the rennin-angiotensin system (RAS). Elevated circulating and tissue levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) have been implicated in the development of hypertension and heart failure. The aim of our investigation was to elucidate the signaling mechanisms employed by estradiol and Ang II in mediating sodium pump, in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The aim of our investigation was to elucidate the signaling mechanisms employed by estradiol and Ang II in mediating sodium pump activity/expression in VSMC, with particular emphasis on PI3K/cPLA(2)/p42/44(MAPK) signaling pathways. Our primary hypothesis is that estradiol stimulates sodium pump activity/expression in VSMC via PI3K/cPLA(2)/p42/44(MAPK) dependent mechanism and, that impaired estradiol-stimulated sodium pump activity/expression in hypertensive rodent models (i.e. SHR), Ang II-mediated vascular impairment of estradiol is related to a decrease ability of estradiol to stimulate the PI3K/cPLA(2)/p42/44(MAPK) signaling pathways. An important corollary to this hypothesis is that in hypertensive state (i.e. SHR rats) the decreasing in ACE enzyme activity and/or AT1 receptor expression caused by administration of estradiol is accompanying with abrogated ability of Ang II to decrease IRS-1/PI3K association, and consequent PI3K/cPLA(2)/p42/44(MAPK) activity and associated sodium pump activity/expression. A clear characterization of how Ang II attenuates estradiol signaling may lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying pathophysiological conditions such as hypertension and to understanding how certain pathophysiological situations affect sodium pump activity/expression in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Sudar
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetics and Radiobiology, Institute Vinca, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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Zhao Y, Chen X, Cai L, Yang Y, Sui G, Wu J. Angiotensin II suppresses adriamycin-induced apoptosis through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling in human breast cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2008; 40:304-10. [PMID: 18401528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2008.00402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulates tumor growth and angiogenesis in some solid cancer cells, but its anti-apoptosis role in breast cancer remains unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of Ang II on adriamycin-induced apoptosis in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Treatment of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells with adriamycin, a DNA topoisomerase II alpha inhibitor, caused apoptosis. However, cells pretreated with Ang II were resistant to this apoptosis. Ang II significantly reduced the ratio of apoptotic cells and stimulation of phospho-Akt-Thr308 and phospho-Akt-Ser473 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In addition, Ang II significantly prevented apoptosis through inhibiting the cleavage of procaspase-9, a major downstream effector of Akt. The Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) was responsible for these effects. Among the signaling molecules downstream of AT1R, we revealed that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway plays a predominant role in the anti-apoptotic effect of Ang II. Our data indicated that Ang II plays a critical anti-apoptotic role in breast cancer cells by a mechanism involving AT1R/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt activation and the subsequent suppression of caspase-9 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150040, China
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Wong KL, Wu KC, Wu RSC, Chou YH, Cheng TH, Hong HJ. Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits angiotensin II-increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity and subsequent proliferation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2008; 35:1021-35. [PMID: 18186588 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x0700548x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is the major component extracted from the Chinese herb, Chuanxiong, which is widely used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular problems. The aims of this study were to examine whether TMP may alter angiotenisn II (Ang II)-induced proliferation and to identify the putative underlying signaling pathways in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells were preincubated with TMP and then stimulated with Ang II, [3H]-thymidine incorporation and the ET-1 expression was examined. Ang II increased DNA synthesis which was inhibited by TMP (1-100 microM). TMP inhibited the Ang II-induced ET-1 mRNA levels and ET-1 secretion. TMP also inhibited Ang II-increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and the ERK phosphorylation. Furthermore, TMP and antioxidants such as Trolox and diphenylene iodonium decreased Ang II-induced ERK phosphorylation, and activator protein-1 reporter activity. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that TMP inhibits Ang II-induced proliferation and ET-1, partially by interfering with the ERK pathway via attenuation of Ang II-increased NAD(P)H oxidase and ROS generation. Thus, this study delivers important new insight in the molecular pathways that may contribute to the proposed beneficial effects of TMP in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar-Lok Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Critical Care Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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McCrann DJ, Nguyen HG, Jones MR, Ravid K. Vascular smooth muscle cell polyploidy: An adaptive or maladaptive response? J Cell Physiol 2008; 215:588-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Carey RM. Pathophysiology of Primary Hypertension. Microcirculation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374530-9.00020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yogi A, Callera GE, Montezano ACI, Aranha AB, Tostes RC, Schiffrin EL, Touyz RM. Endothelin-1, but not Ang II, activates MAP kinases through c-Src independent Ras-Raf dependent pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:1960-7. [PMID: 17569879 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.146746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II (Ang II) activate common signaling pathways to promote changes in vascular reactivity, remodeling, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Here we sought to determine whether upstream regulators of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are differentially regulated by ET-1 and Ang II focusing on the role of c-Src and the small GTPase Ras. METHODS AND RESULTS Mesenteric vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from mice with different disruption levels in the c-Src gene (c-Src(+/-) and c-Src(-/-)) and wild-type (c-Src(+/+)) were used. ET-1 and Ang II induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, SAPK/JNK, and p38MAPK phosphorylation in c-Src(+/+) VSMCs. In VSMCs from c-Src(+/-) and c-Src(-/-), Ang II effects were blunted, whereas c-Src deficiency had no effect in ET-1-induced MAPK activation. Ang II but not ET-1 induced c-Src phosphorylation in c-Src(+/+) VSMCs. Activation of c-Raf, an effector of Ras, was significantly increased by ET-1 and Ang II in c-Src(+/+) VSMCs. Ang II but not ET-1-mediated c-Raf phosphorylation was inhibited by c-Src deficiency. Knockdown of Ras by siRNA inhibited both ET-1 and Ang II-induced MAPK phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate differential regulation of MAPKs by distinct G protein-coupled receptors. Whereas Ang II has an obligatory need for c-Src, ET-1 mediates its actions through a c-Src-independent Ras-Raf-dependent pathway for MAPK activation. These findings suggest that Ang II and ET-1 can activate similar signaling pathways through unrelated mechanisms. MAP kinases are an important point of convergence for Ang II and ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yogi
- Kidney Research Centre, University of Ottawa/Ottawa Health Research Institute, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, KIH 8M5
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Dias RG, Pereira ADC, Negrão CE, Krieger JE. Polimorfismos genéticos determinantes da performance física em atletas de elite. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922007000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Este artigo direciona-se à revisão de publicações sobre os "genes candidatos" e sua relação com os fenótipos de performance física humana em atletas de elite. Nosso objetivo é trazer ao conhecimento do leitor informações atualizadas sobre marcadores e variantes genéticas que podem levar certos indivíduos a sobressair-se em modalidades esportivas específicas. Além disso, serão descritos os mecanismos pelos quais um gene pode contribuir para a performance física, detalhando em cada momento as propriedades celulares, fisiológicas e moleculares do sistema em questão. Por esse motivo, limitamos nossa discussão a um número pequeno de variantes genéticas: polimorfismos R577X do gene da alfa-actinina 3 (ACTN3), C34T do gene da AMP deaminase (AMPD1), I/D da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA), -9/+9 do receptor beta2 de bradicinina (BDKRB2) e 985+185/1170 do gene da enzima creatina quinase M (CK-M). Esperamos com este artigo informar e sensibilizar o leitor para o fato de que a identificação de talentos e a otimização do potencial individual do atleta, com conseqüente sucesso no esporte, estão diretamente associados a variantes genéticas.
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Nazari H, Takahashi A, Harada N, Mawatari K, Nakano M, Kishi K, Ebina Y, Nakaya Y. Angiotensin II inhibits insulin-induced actin stress fiber formation and glucose uptake via ERK1/2. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2007; 54:19-27. [PMID: 17380010 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.54.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
There is crosstalk in intracellular signaling between Angiotensin II (Ang II) and insulin. We hypothesized that the underlying mechanism might be related to changes in cytoskeleton. In the presence of 100 nM of Ang II, insulin-induced glucose uptake was decreased and insulin-induced actin filament organization was inhibited. PKC inhibitors, including GF109203x and p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) neither improved insulin-induced actin reorganization nor glucose uptake. In contrast, the Ang II-induced inhibition of glucose uptake and actin filament disorganization was reversed by 10 micromol ERK 1/2 MAPK inhibitor (PD98059). Pretreatment of Ang II increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and inhibited insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation. The effect of Ang II on ERK1/2 phosphorylation was blocked by Ang II type 1 receptor antagonists, RNH6270 and PD98059 but not by SB203580 or Guanosine-5'-O-(2-ThioDiphosphate), a G-protein inhibitor. We next tested the effect of broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor (GM6001) on Ang II-inhibition of insulin signaling pathway. GM6001 did not improve Ang II-induced actin filament disorganization and did not inhibit ERK1/2 phosphorylation. From these data in L6 myotube, we conclude that Ang II negatively regulates the insulin signal not through MMP signaling pathway but specifically through MMP-independent ERK1/2 activation pathway, providing an alternative molecular mechanism for angiotensin-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Nazari
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Kuma S, Oki E, Onohara T, Komori K, Maehara Y. Angiotensin II-induced growth of vascular smooth muscle cells is associated with modulation of cell surface area and platelet-derived growth factor receptor expression. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 34:153-60. [PMID: 17250632 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Excessive growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) can lead to critical problems in the treatment of some vascular diseases. Recent studies suggest a connection between this abnormal growth of VSMC and the octapeptide hormone angiotensin (Ang) II. However, the growth-promotive potential of AngII on VSMC is unclear. 2. Using the novel AngII inhibitor E4177 and an original animal model, we confirmed that AngII does function in abnormal growth of VSMC induced after transplantation of vein grafts in an animal model. 3. Furthermore, using a primary culture of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC), we found that AngII augmented the growth of HASMC in a serum-dependent manner and induced enlargement of the cell surface area in HASMC, both effects being nullified by E4177. The latter effect of AngII was associated with an increase in the expression level of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors. In specimens obtained from the animal model, PDGF receptors were highly expressed. 4. These data obtained in vitro and in vivo imply that AngII has the potential to promote growth of VSMC and suggest that this growth promotion may be mediated by enlargement of the cell surface area.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II/antagonists & inhibitors
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Size
- Cells, Cultured
- Dogs
- Flow Cytometry
- Hindlimb/blood supply
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/biosynthesis
- Regional Blood Flow/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosei Kuma
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Montezano AC, Amiri F, Tostes RC, Touyz RM, Schiffrin EL. Inhibitory effects of PPAR-γ on endothelin-1-induced inflammatory pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells from normotensive and hypertensive rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 1:150-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Alvarez Y, Pérez-Girón JV, Hernanz R, Briones AM, García-Redondo A, Beltrán A, Alonso MJ, Salaices M. Losartan Reduces the Increased Participation of Cyclooxygenase-2-Derived Products in Vascular Responses of Hypertensive Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 321:381-8. [PMID: 17244722 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.115287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzes the role of angiotensin II (Ang II), via AT1) receptors, in the involvement of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-derived prostanoids in phenylephrine responses in normotensive rats (Wistar Kyoto; WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Aorta from rats untreated or treated for 12 weeks with losartan (15 mg/kg . day) or hydralazine plus hydrochlorothiazide (44 and 9.4 mg/kg . day, respectively) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from SHR were used. Vascular reactivity was analyzed by isometric recording; COX-2 expression by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; prostaglandin (PG)I2, PGF(2alpha), 8-isoprostane, and total antioxidant status (TAS) by commercial kits; superoxide anion (O2*-) by lucigenin chemiluminescence; and plasmatic malondialdehyde (MDA) by thiobarbituric acid assay. The COX-2 inhibitor N-[2-(cyclohexyloxyl)-4-nitrophenyl]-methane sulfonamide (NS-398) at 1 microM reduced phenylephrine responses more in SHR than in WKY rats. COX-2 protein and mRNA expressions, PGF(2alpha), PGI2, 8-isoprostane, and O2*- production, and MDA levels were higher in SHR, but TAS was similar in both strains. Losartan, but not hydralazine-hydrochlorothiazide treatment, reduced COX-2 expression and the effect of NS-398 on phenylephrine responses in SHR. Losartan also increased TAS and reduced PGF(2alpha), PGI2, 8-isoprostane, and O2*- production and MDA levels in SHR. Ang II (0.1 microM) induced COX-2 expression in VSMC from SHR that was reduced by 30 microM apocynin and 100 microM allopurinol, NADPH oxidase, and xanthine oxidase inhibitors, respectively. In conclusion, AT1 receptor activation by Ang II could be involved in the increased participation of COX-2-derived contractile prostanoids in vasoconstriction to phenylephrine with hypertension, probably through COX-2 expression regulation. The increased oxidative stress seems to be one of the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Alvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Li C, Xu Q. Mechanical stress-initiated signal transduction in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell Signal 2007; 19:881-91. [PMID: 17289345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has been demonstrated that hypertension-initiated abnormal biomechanical stress is strongly associated with cardio-/cerebrovascular diseases e.g. atherosclerosis, stroke, and heart failure, which is main cause of morbidity and mortality. How the cells in the cardiovascular system sense and transduce the extracellular physical stimuli into intracellular biochemical signals is a crucial issue for understanding the mechanisms of the disease development. Recently, collecting data derived from our and other laboratories showed that many kinds of molecules in the cells such as receptors, ion channels, caveolin, G proteins, cell cytoskeleton, kinases and transcriptional factors could serve as mechanoceptors directly or indirectly in response to mechanical stimulation implying that the activation of mechanoceptors represents a non-specific manner. The sensed signals can be further sorted and/or modulated by processing of the molecules both on the cell surface and by the network of intracellular signaling pathways resulting in a sophisticated and dynamic set of cues that enable cardiovascular cell responses. The present review will summarise the data on mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells and formulate a new hypothesis, i.e. a non-specific activation of mechanoceptors followed by a variety of signal cascade activation. The hypothesis could provide us some clues for exploring new therapeutic targets for the disturbed mechanical stress-initiated diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohong Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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Abstract
The endothelium is critically involved in modulating vascular tone through the release of vasodilator (mainly nitric oxide; NO) and vasoconstrictor agents. Under normal conditions the endothelium induces NO-mediated vasodilation, and opposes cell adhesion and thrombosis. Angiotensin II-induced generation of reactive oxygen species plays a key role in the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction by reducing NO bioavailability. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with several pathologic conditions, including hypertension and diabetes, and is characterized by altered vascular tone, inflammation, and thrombosis in the vascular wall. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has induced beneficial effects on endothelial function in animals and humans. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have improved endothelial function in hypertension and diabetes, slowed the progression of atherosclerosis, and reduced the risk associated with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Savoia
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2
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Ino K, Shibata K, Kajiyama H, Nawa A, Nomura S, Kikkawa F. Manipulating the angiotensin system--new approaches to the treatment of solid tumours. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2006; 6:243-55. [PMID: 16503734 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.6.3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II), a main effector peptide in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), plays a fundamental role as a vasoconstrictor in controlling cardiovascular function and renal homeostasis. Ang II also acts as a growth promoter or angiogenic factor via type 1 angiotensin II receptors (AT1Rs) in certain tumour cell lines. Recent studies have shown the activation of the local RAS in various tumour tissues, including the abundant generation of Ang II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and the upregulation of AT1R expression. Thus, considerable attention has been paid to the role of the RAS in cancer and its blockade as a new approach to the treatment of cancer. There is increasing evidence that the Ang II-AT1R system is involved in tumour growth, angiogenesis and metastasis in experimental models, suggesting the therapeutic potential of an ACE inhibitor and AT1R blocker, both of which have been used as antihypertensive drugs. In addition, specific Ang II-degrading enzymes are expressed in tumours and play a regulatory role in cell proliferation and invasion. This review focuses on the role of the Ang II-AT1R system in solid tumours, particularly in the progression of gynaecological cancer, and presents the clinical potential of manipulating the angiotensin system as a novel and promising strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Ino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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Wong KL, Lin JW, Liu JC, Yang HY, Kao PF, Chen CH, Loh SH, Chiu WT, Cheng TH, Lin JG, Hong HJ. Antiproliferative Effect of Isosteviol on Angiotensin-II-Treated Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Pharmacology 2006; 76:163-9. [PMID: 16479148 DOI: 10.1159/000091417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Isosteviol is a derivative of stevioside, a constituent of Stevia rebaudiana, which is commonly used as a noncaloric sugar substitute in Japan and Brazil. The aims of this study were to examine whether isosteviol alters angiotensin-II-induced cell proliferation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells were preincubated with isosteviol, then stimulated with angiotensin II, after which [(3)H]thymidine incorporation and endothelin-1 secretion were examined. Isosteviol (1-100 micromol/l) inhibits angiotensin-II-induced DNA synthesis and endothelin-1 secretion. Measurements of 2'7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, a redox-sensitive fluorescent dye, showed an isosteviol-mediated inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species generated by the effects of angiotensin II. The inductive properties of angiotensin II on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation were found reversed with isosteviol and antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine. In summary, we speculate that isosteviol inhibits angiotensin-II-induced cell proliferation and endothelin-1 secretion via attenuation of reactive oxygen species generation. Thus, this study provides important insights that may contribute to the effects of isosteviol on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar-Lok Wong
- Department of Anesthesia, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Xiao JH, Zhang YL, Feng XL, Wang JL, Qian JQ. Effects of isoliensinine on angiotensin II-induced proliferation of porcine coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2006; 8:209-16. [PMID: 16864426 DOI: 10.1080/1028602042000325609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of isoliensinine (IL), a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the seed embryo of the traditional chinese medicinal herb Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, on the proliferation of porcine coronary arterial smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) induced by angiotensin II(Ang II) and its mechanisms of action were investigated. Counting cultured cell number, MTT assay, immunohistochemical method and Western blot were adopted. Ang II 0.1 micromol l (-1) significantly evoked CASMC proliferation by 42%, which could be dose-dependently inhibited by IL 0.01-3 micromol l (-1) and the percentage of inhibition of IL 0.1 micromol l (-1) was 25%. Irbesartan (Irb) 0.1 micromol l (-1) inhibited CASMC proliferation by 22%. IL or Irb 0.1 micromol l (-1) decreased Ang II-induced overexpression of Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-beta and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), respectively. Both of them also declined c-fos, c-myc and hsp70 overexpression, respectively. At the same concentration, the inhibitory effects of IL on PDGF-beta were even stronger than those of Irb (P < 0.05). In summary, the data showed that IL possesses an anti-proliferative effect, which is related to the decrease of the overexpression of growth factors PDGF-beta, bFGF, proto-oncogene c-fos, c-myc and hsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Xiao
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Benkirane K, Amiri F, Diep QN, El Mabrouk M, Schiffrin EL. PPAR-γ inhibits ANG II-induced cell growth via SHIP2 and 4E-BP1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 290:H390-7. [PMID: 16155101 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00662.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ activators on ANG II-induced signaling pathways and cell growth. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) derived from rat mesenteric arteries were treated with ANG II, with/without the AT1 receptor blocker valsartan or the AT2 receptor blocker PD-123319, after pretreatment for 24 h with the PPAR-γ activators 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) or rosiglitazone. Both 15d-PGJ2 and rosiglitazone decreased ANG II-induced DNA synthesis. Rosiglitazone treatment increased nuclear PPAR-γ expression and activity in VSMC. However, rosiglitazone did not alter expression of PPAR-α/β, ERK 1/2, Akt, or ANG II receptors. 15d-PGJ2 and rosiglitazone decreased ERK 1/2 and Akt peak activity, both of which were induced by ANG II via the AT1 receptor. Rosiglitazone inhibited ANG II-enhanced phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), as well as Src homology (SH) 2-containing inositol phosphatase 2 (SHIP2). PPAR-γ activation reduced ANG II-induced growth associated with inhibition of ERK 1/2, Akt, 4E-BP1, and SHIP2. Modulation of these pathways by PPAR-γ activators may contribute to regression of vascular remodeling in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Benkirane
- Clinical Institute of Health Research Multidisciplinary Research Group on Hypertension, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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