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Young KL, Olshan AF, Lunetta K, Graff M, Williams LA, Yao S, Zirpoli GR, Troester M, Palmer JR. Influence of alcohol consumption and alcohol metabolism variants on breast cancer risk among Black women: results from the AMBER consortium. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:66. [PMID: 37308906 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate to heavy alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The etiologic role of genetic variation in genes involved in ethanol metabolism has not been established, with little information available among women of African ancestry. METHODS Our analysis from the African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk (AMBER) Consortium included 2889 U.S. Black women who were current drinkers at the time of breast cancer diagnosis (N cases = 715) and had available genetic data for four ethanol metabolism genomic regions (ADH, ALDH, CYP2E1, and ALDH2). We used generalized estimating equations to calculate genetic effects, gene* alcohol consumption (≥ 7drinks/week vs. < 7/week) interactions, and joint main plus interaction effects of up to 23,247 variants in ethanol metabolism genomic regions on odds of breast cancer. RESULTS Among current drinkers, 21% of cases and 14% of controls reported consuming ≥ 7 drinks per week. We identified statistically significant genetic effects for rs79865122-C in CYP2E1 with odds of ER- breast cancer and odds of triple negative breast cancer, as well as a significant joint effect with odds of ER- breast cancer (≥ 7drinks per week OR = 3.92, < 7 drinks per week OR = 0.24, pjoint = 3.74 × 10-6). In addition, there was a statistically significant interaction of rs3858704-A in ALDH2 with consumption of ≥ 7 drinks/week on odds of triple negative breast cancer (≥ 7drinks per week OR = 4.41, < 7 drinks per week OR = 0.57, pint = 8.97 × 10-5). CONCLUSIONS There is a paucity of information on the impact of genetic variation in alcohol metabolism genes on odds of breast cancer among Black women. Our analysis of variants in four genomic regions harboring ethanol metabolism genes in a large consortium of U.S. Black women identified significant associations between rs79865122-C in CYP2E1 and odds of ER- and triple negative breast cancer. Replication of these findings is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA.
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Kathryn Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Lindsay A Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Gary R Zirpoli
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Melissa Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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2
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Gao J, Hao Y, Piao X, Gu X. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 as a Therapeutic Target in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases: Post-Translational Modifications Deserve More Attention. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052682. [PMID: 35269824 PMCID: PMC8910853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) has both dehydrogenase and esterase activity; its dehydrogenase activity is closely related to the metabolism of aldehydes produced under oxidative stress (OS). In this review, we recapitulate the enzyme activity of ALDH2 in combination with its protein structure, summarize and show the main mechanisms of ALDH2 participating in metabolism of aldehydes in vivo as comprehensively as possible; we also integrate the key regulatory mechanisms of ALDH2 participating in a variety of physiological and pathological processes related to OS, including tissue and organ fibrosis, apoptosis, aging, and nerve injury-related diseases. On this basis, the regulatory effects and application prospects of activators, inhibitors, and protein post-translational modifications (PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, S-nitrosylation, nitration, ubiquitination, and glycosylation) on ALDH2 are discussed and prospected. Herein, we aimed to lay a foundation for further research into the mechanism of ALDH2 in oxidative stress-related disease and provide a basis for better use of the ALDH2 function in research and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Xianhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.G.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Role of aldehyde dehydrogenases, alcohol dehydrogenase 1B genotype, alcohol consumption, and their combination in breast cancer in East-Asian women. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6564. [PMID: 32300124 PMCID: PMC7162854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations between genetic polymorphisms in ADH1B (rs1229984) and ALDH2 (rs671), alcohol consumption, the effect of a combination of the two polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk were studied in a population of East-Asian women. In this study, 623 breast cancer cases and 1845 controls, aged 40 or above, were included. The association between ALDH2 polymorphism and breast cancer risk was validated in 2143 breast cancer cases and 3977 controls. Alcohol consumption increased the risk of breast cancer regardless of ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes. The rs671 polymorphism of ALDH2 was independently associated with increased breast cancer risk (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.02–1.58 per increment of A). The ADH1B rs1229984 polymorphism, and combined effects of the rs671 and rs1229984 polymorphisms, did not reveal any significant association with breast cancer. Stratification by menopausal status revealed that rs671 gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with breast cancer only in postmenopausal women (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.03–2.05 per increment of A). This is the first study to demonstrate an independent association between ALDH2 gene variants and breast cancer in Asian women. Further studies are warranted to further elucidate the etiology of breast cancer as it relates to alcohol consumption in Asian women.
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4
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Hao Y, Cai M, Li L. Drug repositioning via matrix completion with multi-view side information. IET Syst Biol 2019; 13:267-275. [PMID: 31538961 PMCID: PMC8687211 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of drug discovery and disease treatment, drug repositioning is broadly studied to identify biological targets for existing drugs. Many methods have been proposed for drug-target interaction prediction by taking into account different kinds of data sources. However, most of the existing methods only use one side information for drugs or targets to predict new targets for drugs. Some recent works have improved the prediction accuracy by jointly considering multiple representations of drugs and targets. In this work, the authors propose a drug-target prediction approach by matrix completion with multi-view side information (MCM) of drugs and proteins from both structural view and chemical view. Different from existing studies for drug-target prediction, they predict drug-target interaction by directly completing the interaction matrix between them. The experimental results show that the MCM method could obtain significantly higher accuracies than the comparison methods. They finally report new drug-target interactions for 26 FDA-approved drugs, and biologically discuss these targets using existing references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Hao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West 28, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglan Cai
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West 28, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West 28, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Ugai T, Milne RL, Ito H, Aronson KJ, Bolla MK, Chan T, Chan CW, Choi J, Conroy DM, Dennis J, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Gaborieau V, Gonzalez‐Neira A, Hartman M, Healey CS, Iwasaki M, John EM, Kang D, Kim S, Kwong A, Lophatananon A, Michailidou K, Taib NAM, Muir K, Park SK, Pharoah PDP, Sangrajrang S, Shen C, Shu X, Spinelli JJ, Teo SH, Tessier DC, Tseng C, Tsugane S, Vincent D, Wang Q, Wu AH, Wu P, Zheng W, Matsuo K. The functional ALDH2 polymorphism is associated with breast cancer risk: A pooled analysis from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e707. [PMID: 31066241 PMCID: PMC6565553 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies consistently indicate that alcohol consumption is an independent risk factor for female breast cancer (BC). Although the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) polymorphism (rs671: Glu>Lys) has a strong effect on acetaldehyde metabolism, the association of rs671 with BC risk and its interaction with alcohol intake have not been fully elucidated. We conducted a pooled analysis of 14 case-control studies, with individual data on Asian ancestry women participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. METHODS We included 12,595 invasive BC cases and 12,884 controls for the analysis of rs671 and BC risk, and 2,849 invasive BC cases and 3,680 controls for the analysis of the gene-environment interaction between rs671 and alcohol intake for BC risk. The pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with rs671 and its interaction with alcohol intake for BC risk were estimated using logistic regression models. RESULTS The Lys/Lys genotype of rs671 was associated with increased BC risk (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.30, p = 0.014). According to tumor characteristics, the Lys/Lys genotype was associated with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.05-1.36, p = 0.008), progesterone receptor (PR)-positive BC (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.03-1.36, p = 0.015), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative BC (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.05-1.48, p = 0.012). No evidence of a gene-environment interaction was observed between rs671 and alcohol intake (p = 0.537). CONCLUSION This study suggests that the Lys/Lys genotype confers susceptibility to BC risk among women of Asian ancestry, particularly for ER-positive, PR-positive, and HER2-negative tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Ugai
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive MedicineAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence DivisionMelbourneVICAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive MedicineAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
- Department of EpidemiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Kristan J. Aronson
- Department of Public Health SciencesQueen's Cancer Institute, Queen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Tsun Chan
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family RegistryHappy ValleyHong Kong
- Department of PathologyHong Kong Sanatorium and HospitalHappy ValleyHong Kong
| | - Ching W. Chan
- Department of SurgeryNational University Health SystemSingapore
| | - Ji‐Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Don M. Conroy
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of OncologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of OncologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of OncologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Valerie Gaborieau
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Anna Gonzalez‐Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics ProgramSpanish National Cancer Research CentreMadridSpain
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of SurgeryNational University Health SystemSingapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public HealthNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Catherine S. Healey
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of OncologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Esther M. John
- Department of Medicine and Stanford Cancer InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
- Department of Preventive MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Sung‐Won Kim
- Department of SurgeryDaerim Saint Mary's HospitalSeoulKorea
| | - Ava Kwong
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family RegistryHappy ValleyHong Kong
- Department of SurgeryQueen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong KongHappy ValleyHong Kong
- Department of SurgeryHong Kong Sanatorium and HospitalHappy ValleyHong Kong
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical SchoolWarwick UniversityCoventryUK
- Division of Population Sciences, Warwick Medical SchoolWarwick UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular PathologyThe Cyprus Institute of Neurology and GeneticsNicosiaCyprus
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- Breast Cancer Research UnitUniversity Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical CentreKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical SchoolWarwick UniversityCoventryUK
- Division of Population Sciences, Warwick Medical SchoolWarwick UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive MedicineSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | | | - Chen‐Yang Shen
- Taiwan BiobankInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- College of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityTaichongTaiwan
| | - Xiao‐Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of MedicineVanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - John J. Spinelli
- School of Population & Public HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer AgencyVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Soo H. Teo
- Breast Cancer Research UnitUniversity Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical CentreKuala LumpurMalaysia
- Cancer Research Initiatives FoundationSime Darby Medical CentreSubang JayaMalaysia
| | - Daniel C. Tessier
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation CentreMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Chiu‐Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health SciencesNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Daniel Vincent
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation CentreMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pei‐Ei Wu
- Taiwan BiobankInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of MedicineVanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventive MedicineAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
- Department of EpidemiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
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6
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Cornelis MC. Genetic determinants of beverage consumption: Implications for nutrition and health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 89:1-52. [PMID: 31351524 PMCID: PMC7047661 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beverages make important contributions to nutritional intake and their role in health has received much attention. This review focuses on the genetic determinants of common beverage consumption and how research in this field is contributing insight to what and how much we consume and why this genetic knowledge matters from a research and public health perspective. The earliest efforts in gene-beverage behavior mapping involved genetic linkage and candidate gene analysis but these approaches have been largely replaced by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GWAS have identified biologically plausible loci underlying alcohol and coffee drinking behavior. No GWAS has identified variants specifically associated with consumption of tea, juice, soda, wine, beer, milk or any other common beverage. Thus far, GWAS highlight an important behavior-reward component (as opposed to taste) to beverage consumption which may serve as a potential barrier to dietary interventions. Loci identified have been used in Mendelian randomization and gene×beverage interaction analysis of disease but results have been mixed. This research is necessary as it informs the clinical relevance of SNP-beverage associations and thus genotype-based personalized nutrition, which is gaining interest in the commercial and public health sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn C Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
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7
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Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the association between ALDH2 gene rs671G>A polymorphism and various cancer type in Asians. However, the results remain inconclusive.We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis including 63 articles with 66 studies containing 25,682 cases and 47,455 controls retrieved by searching PubMed and Embase electronic databases up to March 5, 2018.Pooled results indicated that ALDH2 gene rs671 polymorphism was significantly associated with the overall cancer risk in Asians (homozygous model: odds ratio [OR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72-0.99, P = .042; heterozygous model: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.14-1.52, P < .001; recessive model: OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.60-0.88, P = .001; dominant model: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.16-1.51, P < .001; and allele comparison model: OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.03-1.19, P = .004), especially in esophageal cancer and among the Chinese and the Japanese.Our results suggest that ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism is associated with the overall cancer risk in Asians. Well-designed prospective studies with more information about gene-environment interaction, such as drinking, should be conducted to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin Ma
- Department of Respiration
| | | | - Shanggan Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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8
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Okamoto T, Ito A. Association between alcohol consumption and mammographic density: a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Breast Cancer 2019; 26:478-484. [PMID: 30680689 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-019-00946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammographic density (MD), the proportion of radiological dense breast, has been reported to be a strong risk factor for breast cancer in many studies. Epidemiological evidence indicates that alcohol consumption increases the risk of breast cancer. In Western countries, a positive association between alcohol consumption and MD has been reported. METHODS To investigate the effect of alcohol consumption on MD, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of healthy women enrolled in a breast cancer screening program at the Ebina Health Service Center, Japan, in 2012, comprising 477 premenopausal women and 308 postmenopausal women. Alcohol consumption was assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression was applied to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) while adjusting for confounders. RESULTS The study included 497 women with high breast density (HD group) and 288 women with low breast density (LD group). In all women, multivariate analysis revealed that the OR for HD was significantly increased among women with the highest alcohol intake (≥ 140 g/week of ethanol) compared with abstainers (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.9 p = 0.01). The linear trend with increasing alcohol consumption was statistically significant (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION MD was positively associated with alcohol consumption in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Okamoto
- Ebina Health Service Center, Kawaraguchi 1519, Ebina, Kanagawa, 243-0433, Japan.
| | - Akemi Ito
- Ebina Health Service Center, Kawaraguchi 1519, Ebina, Kanagawa, 243-0433, Japan
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9
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Zakhari S, Hoek JB. Epidemiology of Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer: Association or Causation? Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E349. [PMID: 30249004 PMCID: PMC6210419 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have been used to show associations between modifiable lifestyle habits and the incidence of breast cancer. Among such factors, a history of alcohol use has been reported in multiple studies and meta-analyses over the past decades. However, associative epidemiological studies that were interpreted as evidence that even moderate alcohol consumption increases breast cancer incidence have been controversial. In this review, we consider the literature on the relationship between moderate or heavy alcohol use, both in possible biological mechanisms and in variations in susceptibility due to genetic or epigenetic factors. We argue that there is a need to incorporate additional approaches to move beyond the associations that are reported in traditional epidemiological analyses and incorporate information on molecular pathologic signatures as a requirement to posit causal inferences. In particular, we point to the efforts of the transdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) to evaluate possible causal relationships, if any, of alcohol consumption and breast cancer. A wider application of the principles of MPE to this field would constitute a giant step that could enhance our understanding of breast cancer and multiple modifiable risk factors, a step that would be particularly suited to the era of "personalized medicine".
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Zakhari
- Science Office, Distilled Spirits Council, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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10
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Hung CL, Chang SC, Chang SH, Chi PC, Lai YJ, Wang SW, Wu YJ, Yeh HI, Lin SJ, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Wang LY. Genetic Polymorphisms of Alcohol Metabolizing Enzymes and Alcohol Consumption are Associated With Asymptomatic Cardiac Remodeling and Subclinical Systolic Dysfunction in Large Community-Dwelling Asians. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 52:638-646. [PMID: 29016726 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages is associated with cardiac remodeling and cardiomyopathy. We examined the possible association of alcohol use, common Asian genetic variants in genes involved in alcohol metabolism, and cardiac structures/functions alterations. Methods A prospective, community-dwelling survey among individuals with available complete echocardiography examined the associations of alcohol use, cardiac structure/functions, and three common alcohol metabolizing genetic variants, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform 2E1 (CYP2E1). Results Among 1577 participants (mean age: 53 ± 9, 59.7% female), we observed that in subjects with more frequent weekly ethanol intake showed greater left ventricle (LV) mass, more impaired diastolic functions, and reduced global longitudinal strain (GLS), systolic (SRs) and early diastolic strain rates (SRe) (P<0.05). After propensity matching for clinical confounders (n = 330:30 for frequent users and non-users), frequent alcohol use and subjects carrying ALDH2 (A/G or A/A), ADH1B (A/A) or CYP2E1(T/C or T/T) polymorphisms were all associated with worse GLSRs and GLSRe, with combined alcohol use and any given genetic variant aggravated these associations (all P < 0.05). Finally, we observed Gene-Gene synergistic effects on LV functional decline in frequent alcohol users by using linear mixed effect model (all interaction P < 0.05). Conclusions Among East Asians, even moderate alcohol consumption can confer subclinical adverse effects on cardiac systolic functions, which was most pronounced in subjects carrying common variants in alcohol metabolizing genes. These findings challenge the notion of beneficial influences of less heavy ethanol consumption on the heart, especially among East Asians. Short summary This study evaluated the association of level of alcohol consumption and genetic variants in genes involved in alcohol metabolism with changes in cardiac function in East Asians. Even moderate alcohol use conferred subclinical adverse effects on cardiac systolic functions, which were most pronounced in subjects carrying common alcohol metabolizing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lieh Hung
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chuan Chang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Chang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ching Chi
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jun Lai
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Jer Wu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR Building Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR Building Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Li-Yu Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
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11
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Chang JS, Hsiao JR, Chen CH. ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol-related cancers in Asians: a public health perspective. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:19. [PMID: 28253921 PMCID: PMC5335829 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of more than 200 diseases, including cancer, can be attributed to alcohol drinking. The global cancer deaths attributed to alcohol-consumption rose from 243,000 in 1990 to 337,400 in 2010. In 2010, cancer deaths due to alcohol consumption accounted for 4.2% of all cancer deaths. Strong epidemiological evidence has established the causal role of alcohol in the development of various cancers, including esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. The evidence for the association between alcohol and other cancers is inconclusive. Because of the high prevalence of ALDH2*2 allele among East Asian populations, East Asians may be more susceptible to the carcinogenic effect of alcohol, with most evidence coming from studies of esophageal cancer and head and neck cancer, while data for other cancers are more limited. The high prevalence of ALDH2*2 allele in East Asian populations may have important public health implications and may be utilized to reduce the occurrence of alcohol-related cancers among East Asians, including: 1) Identification of individuals at high risk of developing alcohol-related cancers by screening for ALDH2 polymorphism; 2) Incorporation of ALDH2 polymorphism screening into behavioral intervention program for promoting alcohol abstinence or reducing alcohol consumption; 3) Using ALDH2 polymorphism as a prognostic indicator for alcohol-related cancers; 4) Targeting ALDH2 for chemoprevention; and 5) Setting guidelines for alcohol consumption among ALDH2 deficient individuals. Future studies should evaluate whether these strategies are effective for preventing the occurrence of alcohol-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 1F. No 367, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan.
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR Building, Rm. 3140, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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12
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Lu Y, Zhu X, Zhang C, Jiang K, Huang C, Qin X. Role of CYP2E1 polymorphisms in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:11. [PMID: 28074086 PMCID: PMC5219772 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CYP2E1 polymorphisms have been reported to influence individual's breast cancer susceptibility as a phase I enzyme, but the results of these previous studies remain controversial. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to assess their association. METHODS A comprehensive search of literature included in various databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Google scholar), published before August 2016, was performed. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated in fixed or random-effects models were used to estimate the strength of the associations between three polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and breast cancer susceptibility. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and test for publication bias were also performed. A total of 11 separate comparisons involving 4311 cases and 4407 controls were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS Our result showed that there was no significant association between the two common polymorphisms CYP2E1 rs2031920 C>T, CYP2E1*5 Rsa I/Rst I (c1/c2) and BC risk. For CYP2E1*6 Dra I (D/C) polymorphism, a significantly increased BC risk in the overall population was found in genetic model D/C vs. D/D (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.04-1.61, P = 0.023) and C/C + D/C vs. D/D (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04-1.51, P = 0.019), together with subjects who have at least one C allele (C vs. D: OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.20-1.79, P < 0.001). Similar results were also found in subgroup analyses in Caucasians of these three comparison models. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggests that CYP2E1*6 Dra I (D/C) variation significantly associated with the risk of BC. Individuals with D/C and C/C + D/C genotypes or carried at least one C allele of CYP2E1*6 Dra I (D/C) polymorphism had a significant higher susceptibility to develop BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Kongmei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Chunni Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
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13
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Shield KD, Soerjomataram I, Rehm J. Alcohol Use and Breast Cancer: A Critical Review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:1166-81. [PMID: 27130687 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to outline the biological pathways of alcohol-attributable breast cancer, the epidemiological risk relationship between alcohol consumption and breast cancer, and the global burden of breast cancer incidence and mortality attributable to alcohol consumption, with a focus on light drinking. First, the literature regarding the biological mechanisms of how alcohol affects the risk of breast cancer was reviewed and summarized. Second, a search of meta-analyses that evaluated the risk relationship between alcohol consumption and breast cancer was conducted. Last, the burden of alcohol-attributable breast cancer incidence and mortality was estimated by means of a Population-Attributable Fraction methodology. Data on alcohol consumption were obtained from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health, and data on cancer incidence and mortality were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database. Alcohol consumption affects breast cancer risk through the alteration in hormone levels and the associated biological pathways, the metabolism of ethanol resulting in carcinogens, and the inhibition of the one carbon metabolism pathway. The systematic review found 15 meta-analyses on the risk relationship between alcohol consumption (also light consumption) and the risk of breast cancer. All but 2 of these analyses showed a dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer. An estimated 144,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 88,000 to 200,000) breast cancer cases and 38,000 (95% CI: 2,400 to 53,000) breast cancer deaths globally in 2012 were attributable to alcohol, with 18.8% of these cases and 17.5% of these deaths affecting women who were light alcohol consumers. All levels of evidence showed a risk relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer, even at low levels of consumption. Due to this strong relationship, and to the amount of alcohol consumed globally, the incidence of and mortality from alcohol-attributable breast cancer is large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Shield
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Park B, Park S, Shin HR, Shin A, Yeo Y, Choi JY, Jung KW, Kim BG, Kim YM, Noh DY, Ahn SH, Kim JW, Kang S, Kim JH, Kim TJ, Kang D, Yoo KY, Park SK. Population attributable risks of modifiable reproductive factors for breast and ovarian cancers in Korea. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:5. [PMID: 26732868 PMCID: PMC4702325 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-2040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast and ovarian cancers are predominant female cancers with increasing prevalence. The purpose of this study was to estimate the population attributable risks (PARs) of breast and ovarian cancer occurrence based on the relative risks (RRs) of modifiable reproductive factors and population-specific exposure prevalence. Methods The PAR was calculated by using the 1990 standardized prevalence rates, the 2010 national cancer incidence with a 20 year lag period, the meta-analyzed RRs from studies conducted in the Korean population for breast cancer, and the meta-analyzed RRs from a Korean epithelial ovarian cancer study and a prior meta-analysis, and ovarian cancer cohort results up to 2012. For oral contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy use, we did not consider lag period. Results The summary PARs for modifiable reproductive factors were 16.7 % (95 % CI 15.8–17.6) for breast cancer (2404 cases) and 81.9 % (95 % CI 55.0–100.0) for ovarian cancer (1579 cases). The modifiable reproductive factors included pregnancy/age at first birth (8.0 %), total period of breastfeeding (3.1 %), oral contraceptive use (5.3 %), and hormone replacement therapy use (0.3 %) for breast cancer and included breastfeeding experience (2.9 %), pregnancy (1.2 %), tubal ligation (24.5 %), and oral contraceptive use (53.3 %) for ovarian cancer. Conclusions Despite inherent uncertainties in the risk factors for breast and ovarian cancers, we suggest that appropriate long-term control of modifiable reproductive factors could reduce breast and ovarian cancer incidences and their related burdens by 16.7 % and 81.9 %, respectively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-2040-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Park
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea. .,National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
| | - Sohee Park
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea. .,Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hai-Rim Shin
- Western Pacific Regional Office, World Health Organization, Manila, Philippines.
| | - Aesun Shin
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea.
| | - Yohwan Yeo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kyu-Won Jung
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center & Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yong-Man Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sei-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jae Weon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sokbom Kang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
| | - Jae Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University Medical College, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea.
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Zhao Y, Wang C. Glu504Lys Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene and the Risk of Human Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:174050. [PMID: 26491656 PMCID: PMC4600480 DOI: 10.1155/2015/174050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that is known for its important role in oxidation and detoxification of ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde. ALDH2 also metabolizes other reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and acrolein. The Glu504Lys single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ALDH2 gene, which is found in approximately 40% of the East Asian populations, causes defect in the enzyme activity of ALDH2, leading to alterations in acetaldehyde metabolism and alcohol-induced "flushing" syndrome. Evidence suggests that ALDH2 Glu504Lys SNP is a potential candidate genetic risk factor for a variety of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the association between ALDH2 Glu504Lys SNP and the development of these chronic diseases appears to be affected by the interaction between the SNP and lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption as well as by the presence of other genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Chuancai Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
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16
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Cai Q, Wu J, Cai Q, Chen EZ, Jiang ZY. Association between Glu504Lys polymorphism of ALDH2 gene and cancer risk: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117173. [PMID: 25680115 PMCID: PMC4334541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association of the aldehyde dehydrogenases-2 (ALDH2) Glu504Lys polymorphism (also named Glu487Lys, or rs671) and cancers has been investigated. This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively assess the influence of this polymorphism on the overall cancer risk. Methods Eligible publications were retrieved according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and the data were analyzed using the Review Manager software (V5.2). Results A meta-analysis based on 51 case-control studies consisting of 16774 cases and 32060 controls was performed to evaluate the association between the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism and cancer risk. The comparison of genotypes Lys+ (Lys/Lys and Lys/Glu) with Glu/Glu yielded a significant 20% increased cancer risk (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.03–1.39, P = 0.02, I2 = 92%). Subgroup analysis by cancer type indicated a significantly increased UADT cancer risk (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.11–1.73, P = 0.004, I2 = 94%) in individuals with the Lys+ genotypes. Subgroup analysis by country indicated that individuals from Japan with the Lys+ genotypes had a significant 38% increased cancer risk (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.12–1.71, P = 0.003, I2 = 93%). Conclusions Our results indicated that the ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism is a susceptible loci associated with overall cancers, especially esophageal cancer and among Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cai
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qu Cai
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Er-Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Zakhari S, Hoek JB. Alcohol and breast cancer: reconciling epidemiological and molecular data. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 815:7-39. [PMID: 25427899 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09614-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Epidemiological studies have suggested a possible causative role of alcohol consumption as a risk factor for breast cancer. However, such conclusions should be interpreted with considerable caution for several reasons. While epidemiological studies can help identify the roots of health problems and disease incidence in a community, they are by necessity associative and cannot determine cause and effect relationships. In addition, all these studies rely on self-reporting to determine the amount and type of alcoholic beverage consumed, which introduces recall bias. This is documented in a recent study which stated that the apparent increased risk of cancer among light-moderate drinkers may be "substantially due to underreporting of intake." Another meta-analysis about alcohol and breast cancer declared "the modest size of the association and variation in results across studies leave the causal role of alcohol in question." Furthermore, breast cancer develops over decades; thus, correlations between alcohol consumption and breast cancer cannot be determined in epidemiological studies with windows of alcohol exposure that captures current or recent alcohol intake, after clinical diagnosis. Numerous risk factors are involved in breast carcinogenesis; some are genetic and beyond the control of a woman; others are influenced by lifestyle factors. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous and polygenic disease which is further influenced by epigenetic mechanisms that affect the transciptomes, proteomes and metabolomes, and ultimately breast cancer evolution. Environmental factors add another layer of complexity by their interactions with the susceptibility genes for breast cancer and metabolic diseases. The current state-of-knowledge about alcohol and breast cancer association is ambiguous and confusing to both a woman and her physician. Confronting the huge global breast cancer issue should be addressed by sound science. It is advised that women with or without a high risk for breast cancer should avoid overconsumption of alcohol and should consult with their physician about risk factors involved in breast cancer. Since studies associating moderate alcohol consumption and breast cancer are contradictory, a woman and her physician should weigh the risks and benefits of moderate alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Zakhari
- Former Director, Division of Metabolism and Health Effects, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA,
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18
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Eriksson CJP. Genetic–Epidemiological Evidence for the Role of Acetaldehyde in Cancers Related to Alcohol Drinking. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 815:41-58. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09614-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Song M, Lee HW, Kang D. The potential application of personalized preventive research. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2014; 44:1017-24. [PMID: 25249379 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyu135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With increases in life expectancy, the focus has shifted to living a healthier, longer life. By concentrating on preventing diseases before occurrence, researchers aim to diminish the increasing gap in medical costs and health inequalities prevalent across many nations. Although we have entered an era of post-genomics, we are still in infancy in terms of personalized preventive research. Personalized preventive research has and will continue to improve with advancements in the use of biomarkers and risk assessment. More evidence based on well-designed epidemiologic studies is required to provide comprehensive preventive medical care based on genetic and non-genetic profile data. The realization of personalized preventive research requires building of evidence through appropriate methodology, verification of results through translational studies as well as development and application of prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyo Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul
| | - Hwi-Won Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Scoccianti C, Lauby-Secretan B, Bello PY, Chajes V, Romieu I. Female breast cancer and alcohol consumption: a review of the literature. Am J Prev Med 2014; 46:S16-25. [PMID: 24512927 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Consumption of alcoholic beverages is one of the single most important known and modifiable risk factor for human cancer. Among women, breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Consumption of alcoholic beverages is causally associated with female breast cancer and the association shows a linear dose-response relationship. The role of heavy drinking has been long recognized and even a moderate intake is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. The present review is an update of the current evidence on the association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk. The aim is to gain further insight into this association and to improve our current understanding of the effects of the major modifying factors. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Epidemiologic and experimental studies published since the most recent International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph on alcoholic beverages were identified in PubMed using a combination of keywords such as alcohol, breast cancer, polymorphisms, menopausal status. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Cumulative lifetime consumption, drinking frequency, drinking patterns and timing of exposure each modulate the association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer. Hormonal status, genetic polymorphisms, and nutritional factors may interact with ethanol metabolism and further influence breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Better standardization among experimental and epidemiologic designs in assessing alcohol intake and timing of exposure may improve our understanding of the heterogeneity observed across studies, possibly allowing the quantification of the effects of occasional heavy drinking and the identification of a window of higher susceptibility to breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scoccianti
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon
| | | | | | - Véronique Chajes
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon.
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21
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McCarty CA, Reding DJ, Commins J, Williams C, Yeager M, Burmester JK, Schairer C, Ziegler RG. Alcohol, genetics and risk of breast cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 133:785-92. [PMID: 22331481 PMCID: PMC3584637 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-1972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that genes involved in the alcohol oxidation pathway modify the association between alcohol intake and breast cancer. Subjects were women aged 55-74 at baseline from the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Incident breast cancers were identified through annual health surveys. Controls were frequency matched to cases by age and year of entry into the trial. A self-administered food frequency questionnaire queried frequency and usual serving size of beer, wine or wine coolers, and liquor. Three SNPs in genes in the alcohol metabolism pathway were genotyped: alcohol dehydrogenase 2, alcohol dehydrogenase 3, and CYP2E1. The study included 1,041 incident breast cancer cases and 1,070 controls. In comparison to non-drinkers, the intake of any alcohol significantly increased the risk of breast cancer, and this risk increased with each category of daily alcohol intake (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.14, 3.53) for women who drank three or more standard drinks per day. Stratification by genotype revealed significant gene/environment interactions. For the ADH1B gene, there were statistically significant associations between all levels of alcohol intake and risk of breast cancer (all OR > 1.34 and all lower CI > 1.01), while for women with the GA or AA genotype, there were no significant associations between alcohol intake and risk of breast cancer. Alcohol intake, genes involved in alcohol metabolism and their interaction increase the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women. This information could be useful for primary care providers to personalize information about breast cancer risk reduction.
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Masso-Welch PA, Tobias ME, Vasantha Kumar SC, Bodziak M, Mashtare T, Tamburlin J, Koury ST. Folate exacerbates the effects of ethanol on peripubertal mouse mammary gland development. Alcohol 2012; 46:285-92. [PMID: 22440688 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is linked with increased breast cancer risk in women, even at low levels of ingestion. The proposed mechanisms whereby ethanol exerts its effects include decreased folate levels resulting in diminished DNA synthesis and repair, and/or acetaldehyde-generated DNA damage. Based on these proposed mechanisms, we hypothesized that ethanol would have increased deleterious effects during periods of rapid mammary gland epithelial proliferation, such as peripuberty, and that folate deficiency alone might mimic and/or exacerbate the effects of ethanol. To test this hypothesis, weight-matched 28-35 day old CD2F1 female mice were pair-fed liquid diets ±3.2% ethanol, ±0.1% folate for 4 weeks. Folate status was confirmed by assay of liver and kidney tissues. In folate deficient mice, no significant ethanol-induced changes to the mammary gland were observed. Folate replete mice fed ethanol had an increased number of ducts per section, due to an increased number of terminal short branches. Serum estrogen levels were increased by ethanol, but only in folate replete mice. These results demonstrate that folate deficiency alone does not mimic the effects of ethanol, and that folate deficiency in the presence of ethanol blocks proliferative effects of ethanol on the mammary ductal tree.
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Park SK, Kim Y, Kang D, Jung EJ, Yoo KY. Risk factors and control strategies for the rapidly rising rate of breast cancer in Korea. J Breast Cancer 2011; 14:79-87. [PMID: 21847401 PMCID: PMC3148542 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2011.14.2.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the aging population and tremendous changes in life style over the past decades, cancer has been the leading cause of death in Korea. The incidence rate of breast cancer is the second highest in Korea, and it has shown an annual increase of 6.8% for the past 6 years. The major risk factors of breast cancer in Korean women are as follows: Early menarche, late menopause, late full-term pregnancy (FTP), and low numbers of FTP. Height and body mass index increased the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women only. There are ethnic variations in breast cancer due to the differences in genetic susceptibility or exposure to etiologic agent. With the epidemiological evidences on the possibility of further increase of breast cancer in Korea, the Korean Government began implementing the National Cancer Screening Program against breast cancer in 2002. Five-year survival rates for female breast cancer have improved significantly from 78.0% in early 1993-1995 to 90.0% in 2004-2008. This data indicate that improvement of the survival rate may be partially due to the early diagnosis of breast cancer as well as the increased public awareness about the significance of early detection and organized cancer screening program. The current primary prevention programs are geared towards strengthening national prevention campaigns. In accordance with the improvement in 5-year survival rate, the overall cancer mortality has started to decrease. However, breast cancer death rate and incidence rates are still increasing, which need further organized effort by the Korean Government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Song M, Lee KM, Kang D. Breast cancer prevention based on gene-environment interaction. Mol Carcinog 2010; 50:280-90. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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25
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Tong Z, Luo W, Wang Y, Yang F, Han Y, Li H, Luo H, Duan B, Xu T, Maoying Q, Tan H, Wang J, Zhao H, Liu F, Wan Y. Tumor tissue-derived formaldehyde and acidic microenvironment synergistically induce bone cancer pain. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10234. [PMID: 20422007 PMCID: PMC2858155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is current interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms of tumor-induced bone pain. Accumulated evidence shows that endogenous formaldehyde concentrations are elevated in the blood or urine of patients with breast, prostate or bladder cancer. These cancers are frequently associated with cancer pain especially after bone metastasis. It is well known that transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) participates in cancer pain. The present study aims to demonstrate that the tumor tissue-derived endogenous formaldehyde induces bone cancer pain via TRPV1 activation under tumor acidic environment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Endogenous formaldehyde concentration increased significantly in the cultured breast cancer cell lines in vitro, in the bone marrow of breast MRMT-1 bone cancer pain model in rats and in tissues from breast cancer and lung cancer patients in vivo. Low concentrations (1 approximately 5 mM) of formaldehyde induced pain responses in rat via TRPV1 and this pain response could be significantly enhanced by pH 6.0 (mimicking the acidic tumor microenvironment). Formaldehyde at low concentrations (1 mM to 100 mM) induced a concentration-dependent increase of [Ca(2+)]i in the freshly isolated rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and TRPV1-transfected CHO cells. Furthermore, electrophysiological experiments showed that low concentration formaldehyde-elicited TRPV1 currents could be significantly potentiated by low pH (6.0). TRPV1 antagonists and formaldehyde scavengers attenuated bone cancer pain responses. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that cancer tissues directly secrete endogenous formaldehyde, and this formaldehyde at low concentration induces metastatic bone cancer pain through TRPV1 activation especially under tumor acidic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Tong
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZT); (YW)
| | - Wenhong Luo
- The Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- The Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongjun Luo
- The Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bo Duan
- Institute of Neuroscience and National Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience and National Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiliang Maoying
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huangying Tan
- Department of TCM Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoratic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/Ministry of Public Health, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZT); (YW)
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26
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Guo W, Wang Q, Lanzi G, Luobu O, Ma X, Wang Y, Zhen P, Ji Y, Wei G, Wang Z, Deng W, Zhuoma B, Shi X, Yan C, He C, Liu X, Wu Y, Luo H, Collier DA, Ball D, Li T, Hu X. Interaction among genes influencing ethanol metabolism and sex is association with alcohol use disorders in a Tibet population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:561-569. [PMID: 19655364 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Associations between alcohol use disorders and polymorphisms of genes influencing ethanol metabolism have been widely reported, but gene-gene and gene-sex interaction studies have rarely been examined. Using a set of samples collected during an epidemiological study of alcohol use disorders AUDs in a Tibetan population in China, we performed a case-control study to investigate the relationship between the functional polymorphisms of genes influencing ethanol metabolism and AUDs. The sample included 383 individuals with an AUDIT score >or=10 and 350 control subjects with the AUDIT score <or=5. All participants were genotyped for ALDH2*1/*2, ADH1B*1/*2, and CYP2E1*c1/c2*. Data were analyzed employing an integrated strategy using MDR, SPSS, and UNPHASED software. The MDR analysis showed that the four-factor model including ADH1B*1/*2, ALDH2*1/*2, and CYP2E1*c1/*c2 polymorphisms, and sex was the most accurate model associated with AUDs with the highest OR 3.299. It also revealed that CYP2E1 *c1/*c2 polymorphism interacted significantly with sex. Independent analysis confirmed that both ADH2*2 and ALDH2*2 allele were significantly associated with AUDs (OR: 0.441 for ADH2*2 and 0.137 for ALDH2*2). CYP2E1*c2 was positively associated with AUDs only in males homozygotic for ALDH2*1 and ADH1B*1 (OR: 2.585). Cumulative association analysis showed the number of protective alleles and genotypes were negatively associated with AUDs. In conclusion, ALDH2*2 and ADH1B*2 alleles were not only independently associated with AUDs but also demonstrated cumulative dosage effects. However the positive association between CYP2E1*c2 allele and AUDs might only exist in males homozygotic for ALDH2*1 and ADH1B*1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Guo
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Gongga Lanzi
- Medical School, University of Tibet, Lasha, Tibet, P.R. China
| | - Ouzhu Luobu
- Medical School, University of Tibet, Lasha, Tibet, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yingcheng Wang
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Puo Zhen
- Medical School, University of Tibet, Lasha, Tibet, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Ji
- Department of Science and Technology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Geng Wei
- Department of Mental Health, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lasha, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Technology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Basang Zhuoma
- Medical School, University of Tibet, Lasha, Tibet, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- Medical School, University of Tibet, Lasha, Tibet, P.R. China
| | - Chengyin Yan
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Chan He
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiehe Liu
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yuejing Wu
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hongrong Luo
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - David A Collier
- Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.,SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - David Ball
- SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - Tao Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.,SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - Xun Hu
- Psychiatric Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.,SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
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27
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Suzuki R, Iwasaki M, Inoue M, Sasazuki S, Sawada N, Yamaji T, Shimazu T, Tsugane S. Alcohol consumption-associated breast cancer incidence and potential effect modifiers: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:685-95. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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PERRY CS, OTERO JC, PALMER JL, GROSS AS. Risk factors for breast cancer in East Asian women relative to women in the West. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2009.01242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Kawase T, Matsuo K, Hiraki A, Suzuki T, Watanabe M, Iwata H, Tanaka H, Tajima K. Interaction of the effects of alcohol drinking and polymorphisms in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes on the risk of female breast cancer in Japan. J Epidemiol 2009; 19:244-50. [PMID: 19667493 PMCID: PMC3924127 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20081035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies consistently indicate that alcoholic beverages are an independent risk factor for female breast cancer. Although the mechanism underlying this effect remains unknown, the predominant hypothesis implicates mutagenesis via the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde, whose impact on the carcinogenesis of several types of cancer has been shown in both experimental models and molecular epidemiological studies. Many of the epidemiological studies have investigated genetic polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B) His48Arg and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) Glu504Lys, because of the strong impact these polymorphisms have on exposure to and accumulation of acetaldehyde. With regard to breast cancer, however, evidence is scarce. METHODS To clarify the impact on female breast cancer risk of the interaction of the effects of alcohol consumption and polymorphisms in the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes ADH1B and ALDH2, we conducted a case-control study of 456 newly and histologically diagnosed breast cancer cases and 912 age- and menopausal status-matched noncancer controls. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions between individual and combined ADH1B and ALDH2 gene polymorphisms and alcohol consumption were evaluated. RESULTS Despite sufficient statistical power, there was no significant impact of ADH1B and ALDH2 on the risk of breast cancer. Neither was there any significant gene-environment interactions between alcohol drinking and polymorphisms in ADH1B and ALDH2. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support the hypothesis that acetaldehyde is the main contributor to the carcinogenesis of alcohol-induced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakazu Kawase
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
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30
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Abstract
AIM To compile a complete list of risk factors from the Korean breast cancer studies to obtain relevant predictor information essential in developing a predictive model for breast cancer. BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed female cancer in Korea. However, the breast cancer-screening rate in Korea is relatively low compared with that in other countries. In order to promote early health screening, there is a need to identify those individuals who are most likely to develop breast cancer by using an accurate predictive model. METHODS Thirty-four breast cancer studies were selected from MEDLINE and two Korean literature databases. Two researchers summarized the risk factors and their effects in each article using a checklist. FINDINGS Most of the studies were case-control studies conducted after 2000. In 34 articles, a total of 84 risk factors for breast cancer in Korean women were identified; of these, 58 factors were determined as statistically significant factors. The factors identified most often were body mass index, menarche, menopause, family history, pregnancy and delivery, breastfeeding, alcohol use, smoking habits, diet, education and use of oral contraceptives. None of 34 studies looked at stress as a risk factor of which influence on cancer has been reported in other populations. CONCLUSION The next steps will be to construct a questionnaire consisting of relevant variables based on these study results and to develop a predictive model. This would be used to encourage those Koreans who are more likely to develop breast cancer to have early check-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Lee
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
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31
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Druesne-Pecollo N, Tehard B, Mallet Y, Gerber M, Norat T, Hercberg S, Latino-Martel P. Alcohol and genetic polymorphisms: effect on risk of alcohol-related cancer. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10:173-80. [PMID: 19185835 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Public health guidelines aim to limit the consumption of alcoholic beverages worldwide and the subsequent health burden. In particular, alcohol consumption is an avoidable risk factor for cancer. In human beings, ethanol in alcoholic drinks is mainly oxidised in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenases to acetaldehyde, and is further detoxified to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Functional variants in genes involved in alcohol metabolism result in differences between individuals in exposure to carcinogenic acetaldehyde, suggesting a possible interaction of genetic susceptibility and alcohol exposure in cancer. We reviewed available studies of the combined effects of alcohol drinking and genetic polymorphisms on alcohol-related cancer risk. Most available data were for polymorphisms in alcohol and folate metabolism. We give an overview of published studies on the combined effects of alcohol drinking and polymorphisms in genes for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), cytochrome P450 2E1, and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase on the risk of alcohol-related cancer. Current data lend support to a role of polymorphisms ADH1B and ALDH2 combined with alcohol consumption in cancer. Other available data are insufficient or inconclusive, highlighting the need for additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U 557, University of Paris 13, Bobigny, France.
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Abstract
The cause of the majority of cancers is poorly understood albeit multifactorial. The ultimate consequence of etiological factors where defined is an alteration within the cellular genotype, which is manifested in the cells acquiring malignant phenotype. There are several environmental carcinogens that contribute to carcinogenesis. These carcinogens are metabolized by a large number of enzymes, including the cyto-chrome P 450 group, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), the uridine glucuronyl transferase (UGT) super-family, alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, sulphatases, etc. These enzymes can either inactivate carcinogens or in some cases generate reactive moieties that lead to carcinogenesis. This review summarises the available evidence regarding the role of xenobiotic metabolic enzymes and their role in cancer epidemiology. The available data and studies have identified correlates between expression of various metabolizing enzymes with risk of malignancies known to be induced by their substrates. The data may have relevance in one population but not for another for a specific malignancy and at times may be conflicting. We believe that with mature data in the future it may be possible to stratify patients by risk.
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Gao CM, Takezaki T, Wu JZ, Chen MB, Liu YT, Ding JH, Sugimura H, Cao J, Hamajima N, Tajima K. CYP2E1 Rsa I polymorphism impacts on risk of colorectal cancer association with smoking and alcohol drinking. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:5725-30. [PMID: 17963298 PMCID: PMC4171258 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i43.5725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate associations between the Rsa I polymorphism of CYP2E1 and risk of colorectal cancer.
METHODS: A case-control study was conducted with 315 colorectal cancer cases (105 colon, 210 rectal) and 439 population-based controls in Jiangsu Province of China. Genomic DNA samples were assayed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms in CYP2E1 by PCR amplification followed by digestion with Rsa I. Information on smoking and alcohol drinking was collected using a questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with an unconditional logistic model.
RESULTS: The proportional distribution of the CYP2E1 Rsa I c1/c1, c1/c2 and c2/c2 genotypes were 61.4%, 35.6% and 3.0% in controls, 60.6%, 33.7% and 5.8% in colon cancer cases, and 58.4%, 34.0% and 7.7% in rectal cancer cases, respectively. A significant difference was noted between controls and rectal cancer cases (P = 0.029), the c2/c2 genotype being associated with elevated OR (adjusted age, sex and status of the smoking and alcohol drinking) for rectal cancer (1.64, 95% CI, 1.12-2.41, vs c1 allele carriers), but not for colon cancer. In interaction analysis between the CYP2E1 Rsa I genotype and smoking and drinking habits, we found a significant cooperative action between the c2/c2 genotype and alcohol drinking in the sex-, age-adjusted ORs for both colon (4.74, 95% CI, 1.10-20.40) and rectal (5.75, 95% CI, 1.65-20.05) cancers. Among non-smokers, the CYP2E1 Rsa I c2/c2 genotype was also associated with elevated ORs in the two sites (1.95, 95% CI, 0.99-3.86 and 2.30, 95% CI, 1.32-3.99).
CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that the CYP2E1 c2/c2 genotype increases susceptibility to rectal cancer and the gene-environmental interactions between the CYP2E1 polymorphism and smoking or alcohol drinking exist for colorectal neoplasia in general.
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Anderson G, Jun M, Choi K. Breast cancer screening for Korean women must consider traditional risks as well as two genetic risk factors: genetic polymorphisms and inheritable gene mutations. Cancer Nurs 2007; 30:213-22. [PMID: 17510585 DOI: 10.1097/01.ncc.0000270705.41919.dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Asian women worldwide have increasing rates of breast cancer due to acculturation which may be altering, gene to gene and/or, genetic and environmental interactions at the cellular level. The purpose of this integrative review is to alert nurses and physicians to rising rates of breast cancer among Korean women and to a need for breast health screening programs in the United States that are more culturally responsive and attentive to the effects of acculturation and genetic risk factors. A comprehensive review of the English and Korean literature pertaining to rising incidence of breast cancer among Korean women in their homeland and in the United States is retraced since 1983. Korean women in Korea and in the United States face similar barriers to cancer screening services. Korean women need knowledge about the effect of acculturation on breast cancer risk and patterns of familial inheritance of breast cancer. Screening is especially important among younger women (younger than age 35), those with a strong family history, and women in community settings where acculturation has its greatest impact. Nurse clinicians and researchers who aim to improve breast cancer screening among minority women must pay closer attention to these risk factors and design culturally competent services and evaluation research. In the United States and Korea, Korean nurses are needed to specialize in breast cancer screening as well as cancer genetic risk assessment and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Anderson
- School of Nursing, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 91962, USA.
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35
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Bolufer P, Collado M, Barragan E, Calasanz MJ, Colomer D, Tormo M, González M, Brunet S, Batlle M, Cervera J, Sanz MA. Profile of polymorphisms of drug-metabolising enzymes and the risk of therapy-related leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2007; 136:590-6. [PMID: 17367411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (t-AML/t-MDS) results from an impaired ability to detoxify chemotherapeutic drugs or repair drug-induced genetic damage caused by genetic polymorphisms in enzymes involved in the metabolism of drugs. We analysed the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1*2A(T6235C), CYP2E1*5B(C-1019T), CYP3A4*1B(A-290G), del{GSTT1}, del{GSTM1}, NQO1*2(C609T), MTHFR(C677T) and TYMS 2R/3R in 78 t-AML/t-MDS and 458 normal individuals (control group, CG) using real-time and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. The incidences of polymorphisms among t-AML/t-MDS patients and CG individuals were similar. However, a polymorphism profile consisting of CYP1A1*2A, del{GSTT1} and NQO1*2 strongly modified the risk of t-AML/t-MDS. The absence of all three polymorphisms decreased the risk of t-AML/t-MDS 18-fold (odds ratio (OR) = 0.054, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.005-0.63, P = 0.02), whereas the presence of only NQO1*2 or all three polymorphisms enhanced the risk of t-AML/t-MDS (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.08-4.03, P = 0.03 and OR = 18.42, 95% CI = 1.59-212.76, P = 0.02 respectively). Thus, the profiles of genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolising enzymes might explain the increased risk to t-AML/t-MDS observed in some patients treated with polychemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascual Bolufer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Medical Biopathology), Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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Barragan E, Collado M, Cervera J, Martin G, Bolufer P, Roman J, Sanz MA. The GST deletions and NQO1*2 polymorphism confers interindividual variability of response to treatment in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2006; 31:947-53. [PMID: 17118447 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Functional polymorphisms in the genes encoding detoxification enzymes could modify the response to treatment in acute myeloid leukemia and therefore affect the final clinical outcome. In the present study, we genotyped 153 patients diagnosed with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to clarify the influence of the genetic polymorphisms CYP1A1*2A, CYP3A4*1B, CYP2E1*5B, del{GSTT1}, del{GSTM1}, and NQO1*2 on disease outcome. The del{GSTM1} showed a higher frequency in females (62%) than in males (41%) (P=0.01). The number of functional NQO1 alleles influenced the response to induction therapy; 81% (55/68) NQO1-negative patients, 69% (28/41) heterozygous patients, and 27% (2/7) homozygous patients achieved complete remission (CR) (P=0.04). The presence of GST deletions was associated with a lower probability of disease-free survival (DFS) and this effect was more relevant in male patients. Males with del{GSTM1} showed a 28% DFS versus 57% DFS for undeleted GSTM1 (P=0.04). Similarly, males with undeleted GSTM1 and GSTT1 showed a 64% DFS versus 34% DFS for males with at least one GST deletion (P=0.05). This study suggests that the NQO1*2 polymorphism is relevant to the patient's response to induction therapy and that GST deletions influence treatment outcome after chemotherapy, especially in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Barragan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, (Dpt. Medical Pathology), Spain.
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37
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Wu SH, Tsai SM, Hou MF, Lin HS, Hou LA, Ma H, Lin JT, Yeh FL, Tsai LY. Interaction of genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 2E1 and glutathione S-transferase M1 to breast cancer in Taiwanese woman without smoking and drinking habits. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006; 100:93-8. [PMID: 16758119 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 03/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
P450 (CYP) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) are involved in the activation and detoxification of many potential carcinogens. Although, the interaction between environmental exposure and genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) in breast cancer has been assessed, the gene-gene interactions between CYP2E1 and GSTM1 related to breast cancer have not been focused on and reported. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study to investigate whether the genetic interaction effects of CYP2E1 and GSTM1 modify the risk of developing breast cancer independent of the effect of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Individuals with the C2/C2 genotype of CYP2E1 had a lower risk (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.08-0.74) when compared with those with the C1/C1 genotype. However, there was no significant difference (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.73-1.50) in the GSTM1 genotype frequency between the cases with breast cancer and that of the controls. When individuals with the genotype of C1/C1 or C1/C2 of CYP2E1 and the wild-type of GSTM1 were compared with those of C2/C2 of CYP2E1 and the null-type of GSTM1 however, we found a significantly increased risk (OR = 3.50, 95% CI = 1.01-16.55) in the breast cancer patients. Our findings indicated a gene-gene interaction between CYP2E1 and GSTM1 was accessible to developing breast cancer in Taiwanese women without the habits of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption even though independent effects of CYP2E1 and GSTM1 were weak or non-significant and suggest that environmental carcinogen besides cigarette and alcohol consumption could induce breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Hsien Wu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Agudo A, Sala N, Pera G, Capellá G, Berenguer A, García N, Palli D, Boeing H, Del Giudice G, Saieva C, Carneiro F, Berrino F, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Panico S, Berglund G, Simán H, Stenling R, Hallmans G, Martínez C, Amiano P, Barricarte A, Navarro C, Quirós JR, Allen N, Key T, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Linseisen J, Nagel G, Overvad K, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Boshuizen HC, Peeters PH, Numans ME, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Trichopoulou A, Lund E, Bläker H, Jenab M, Ferrari P, Norat T, Riboli E, González CA. No Association between Polymorphisms in CYP2E1, GSTM1, NAT1, NAT2 and the Risk of Gastric Adenocarcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:1043-5. [PMID: 16702391 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Epidemiology. Catalan Institute of Oncology, Av. Gran Via s/n km 2.7, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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Fustinoni S, Consonni D, Campo L, Buratti M, Colombi A, Pesatori AC, Bonzini M, Bertazzi PA, Foà V, Garte S, Farmer PB, Levy LS, Pala M, Valerio F, Fontana V, Desideri A, Merlo DF. Monitoring Low Benzene Exposure: Comparative Evaluation of Urinary Biomarkers, Influence of Cigarette Smoking, and Genetic Polymorphisms. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:2237-44. [PMID: 16172237 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a human carcinogen and an ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Identification of specific and sensitive biological markers is critical for the definition of exposure to low benzene level and the evaluation of the health risk posed by this exposure. This investigation compared urinary trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), S-phenylmercapturic acid, and benzene (U-benzene) as biomarkers to assess benzene exposure and evaluated the influence of smoking and the genetic polymorphisms CYP2E1 (RsaI and DraI) and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 on these indices. Gas station attendants, urban policemen, bus drivers, and two groups of controls were studied (415 subjects). Median benzene exposure was 61, 22, 21, 9 and 6 microg/m(3), respectively, with higher levels in workers than in controls. U-benzene, but not t,t-MA and S-phenylmercapturic acid, showed an exposure-related increase. All the biomarkers were strongly influenced by cigarette smoking, with values up to 8-fold higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Significant correlations of the biomarkers with each other and with urinary cotinine were found. A possible influence of genetic polymorphism of CYP2E1 (RsaI and/or DraI) on t,t-MA and U-benzene in subjects with a variant allele was found. Multiple linear regression analysis correlated the urinary markers with exposure, smoking status, and CYP2E1 (RsaI; R(2) up to 0.55 for U-benzene). In conclusion, in the range of investigated benzene levels (<478 micro/m(3) or <0.15 ppm), smoking may be regarded as the major source of benzene intake; among the study indices, U-benzene is the marker of choice for biomonitoring low-level occupational and environmental benzene exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fustinoni
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Milan, Italy.
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Han W, Kang D, Lee JE, Park IA, Choi JY, Lee KM, Bae JY, Kim S, Shin ES, Lee JE, Shin HJ, Kim SW, Kim SW, Noh DY. A Haplotype Analysis of HER-2 Gene Polymorphisms: Association with Breast Cancer Risk, HER-2 Protein Expression in the Tumor, and Disease Recurrence in Korea. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:4775-8. [PMID: 16000574 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in codon 655 of HER-2 has been extensively studied with inconclusive results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between common variants of HER-2 and breast cancer risk, HER-2 expression, and survival using a haplotype-based stepwise approach. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty-nine SNPs listed in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database were screened to identify novel polymorphisms of HER-2 gene in 90 healthy Korean women. Six of 29 SNPs were polymorphic and had greater than 10% of minor allele frequencies. Using these six SNPs, linkage disequilibrium and haplotype patterns were characterized. We tested association between the haplotypes and breast cancer in a large case-control study (n=1,039 cases and 995 controls). Six-hundred two breast cancer patients with follow-up at least 24 months were analyzed for outcome in relation to haplotype. Expression of HER-2 protein was determined by immunohistochemistry in 1,094 cases of invasive breast cancer. RESULTS All six SNPs showed a strong linkage disequilibrium pattern and were considered to belong to one haplotype block. Two haplotype-tagging SNPs (I655V and P1170A) for three common haplotypes (>5%) were genotyped in cases and controls. The haplotypes and individual SNPs were not associated with breast cancer risk. In patients with at least one copy of haplotype I (the most common haplotype), HER-2 expression was 1.5 times higher (P = 0.009) and the prognosis was worse (P = 0.032) compared with patients without having that haplotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the currently identified genetic polymorphisms of HER-2 are not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Korean women, whereas one haplotype does affect protein expression of the tumor and disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonshik Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and DNA Link Inc., Seoul, Korea
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Dumitrescu RG, Shields PG. The etiology of alcohol-induced breast cancer. Alcohol 2005; 35:213-25. [PMID: 16054983 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Accepted: 04/23/2005] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the United States, and it is second among cancer deaths in women. Results of most epidemiologic studies, as well as of most experimental studies in animals, have shown that alcohol intake is associated with increased breast cancer risk. Alcohol consumption may cause breast cancer through different mechanisms, including through mutagenesis by acetaldehyde, through perturbation of estrogen metabolism and response, and by inducing oxidative damage and/or by affecting folate and one-carbon metabolism pathways. Alcohol-metabolizing enzymes are present in human breast tissue. Acetaldehyde is a known, although weak, mutagen. However, results of some studies with human subjects implicate this agent in the context of genetic susceptibilities to increased ethanol metabolism. Reactive oxygen species, resulting from ethanol metabolism, may be involved in breast carcinogenesis by causing damage, as well as by generating DNA and protein adducts. Alcohol interferes with estrogen pathways in multiple ways, influencing hormone levels and effects on the estrogen receptors. With regard to one-carbon metabolism, alcohol can negatively affect folate levels, and the folate perturbation affects DNA methylation and DNA synthesis, which is important in carcinogenesis. Some study results indicate that genetic variants of one-carbon metabolism genes might increase alcohol-related breast cancer risk. For all these pathways, genetic polymorphisms might play a role in increasing further a woman's risk for breast cancer. Additional studies are needed to determine the relative importance of these pathways, as well as the modifying influence by genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona G Dumitrescu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road, Lombardi Building, SS Level, 150, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Han W, Kang D, Park IA, Kim SW, Bae JY, Chung KW, Noh DY. Associations between breast cancer susceptibility gene polymorphisms and clinicopathological features. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:124-30. [PMID: 14734460 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-0834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic polymorphisms may affect not only cancer development but also cancer progression, and as a result could influence cancer phenotypes. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between breast cancer susceptibility gene polymorphisms and clinicopathological features. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We genotyped 664 Korean primary breast cancer patients for 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nine genes, using a high-throughput SNP scoring method. RESULTS CYP1A1 codon 462 Ile/Val or Val/Val variants and the CYP1B1 codon 432 Leu/Val variant were found more in breast cancer patients </=35 years of age at onset than the common homozygote [odds ratio (OR), 1.6 and 1.7, respectively]. In combination analysis of these two SNPs, the OR was 1.9 when one of them was heterozygous or a rare homozygous form, and increased to 2.3 when both were variants (P = 0.006). Cases with Ile/Val at CYP1A1 codon 462 were 2.6-fold and those with Val/Val were 5.1-fold more likely to have first-degree relatives with breast cancer than those with Ile/Ile (P = 0.002). In the haplotype study of BRCA1, the 2430C/2731T/3667G/4427C/4956G homozygote showed less estrogen receptor negativity than the most common diplotype (OR, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.26-0.94). TP53 codon 72 Arg/Pro or Pro/Pro variants were associated with negative axillary lymph node status (OR, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.94). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that polymorphisms of some selected breast cancer susceptibility genes are associated with the clinicopathological phenotypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonshik Han
- Departments of Surgery, Preventive Medicine, and Pathology, and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
As a cause of death in women, breast cancer ranks second to stomach cancer in Korea. Age-standardized mortality rates for breast cancer steadily increased during the 1980s and 1990s. There are big differences in the incidence rates for breast cancer compared with Western countries. Epidemiological features, trends in morbidity and mortality, various age-specific incidence curves, migrant study results, and analysis of the risk factors, however, suggest that the incidence of breast cancer might be further increasing in Korea. The key epidemiological hormonal risk factors for breast cancer are all explicable in terms of the estrogen augmented by progesterone hypothesis. These include older age, family history of breast cancer, early menarche, late menopause, late full-term pregnancy, and never a breast feeding. Both the establishment of high-risk groups and the estimation of lifetime risk are essential to develop a control strategy against breast cancer. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common histologic type of breast cancer in Korea, and the five-year survival rate has been estimated as 80-83%. Recent studies on the identification of susceptibility factors such as genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1/T1/P1, COMT, CYP2E1, CYP19, CYP17, ER-alpha, XRCC1, XRCC3, RAD52, TGF-alpha, TNF-alpha, IL-1B, IL-1RN, CDK7 etc. that predispose individuals to breast cancer by gene-environment or gene-gene interactions may possibly give further insight into both the etiology and the prevention of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Young Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Young Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.
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