1
|
Levine JA. The Fidget Factor and the obesity paradox. How small movements have big impact. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1122938. [PMID: 37077429 PMCID: PMC10106700 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1122938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis is that the Fidget Factor is the innate neurological pulse that propels humans and other species to move to support their health. Fidgets, previously thought to be spontaneous, are neurologically regulated and highly ordered (non-random). Modern societies being chair-based overwhelm Fidget Factor pulses and consequently inflict chair-based living for transportation, labor, and leisure. Despite impulses firing through the nervous system, people sit because environmental design overwhelms the biology. Urbanization and chair-based societies were designed after the industrial revolution to promote productivity; however, the consequence has been opposite. Crushing the natural urge to move—the Fidget Factor—is a public health calamity. Excess sitting is associated with a myriad of detrimental health consequences and impairs productivity. Fidgeting may reduce all-cause mortality associated with excessive sitting. The Fidget Factor offers hope; data demonstrate that workplaces and schools can be designed to promote activity and free people's Fidget Factors. Evidence shows that people are happier, healthier, wealthier, and more successful if their Fidget Factors are freed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhattacharya PK, Deka K, Barman B, Jamil M. Association between Physical Fitness and Perceived Well-Being in Functionally Independent Community Dwelling Elderly of North-Eastern India. Acta Med Litu 2023; 30:6-18. [PMID: 37575379 PMCID: PMC10417015 DOI: 10.15388/amed.2023.30.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regular physical activity helps in independent living, prevention of chronic health problems and quality of life in the elderly. The aim of the study is to determinewhether physical fitness is associated with multiple dimensions of well-being in the community dwelling elderly. Materials and Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the physical fitness and perceived wellness in 400 elderly (≥65 years) subjects. The Senior Fitness Test (SFT) for assessing functional/physical fitness and Perceived Wellness Survey (PWS) were used to assess their well-being. Bivariate correlation analysis was used for individual testsand multiple linear regressions were used to analyze relationship of wellness composite score with physical fitness test. Results 284men and 116 women (mean ages 69.80±3.82 and67.25±2.57 years, respectively) were assessed for physical fitness tests and perceived wellness.'Arm-curl' and 'chair-sit' testsshowedlinear decrease in strength with increasing age. In 'back-scratch' and 'chair-sit and reach' tests lower limb flexibility was better than upper limb in all except the 65-69 year sub-group. Maximum time to perform the '8-feet up-and-go' test increased progressively with age, whereas '2-minute step' test showed a linear decrease in mean score with advancing age. Wellness composite score (14.54±2.31) inmaleswas maximum in the 75-79 year age-group, while in females it (15.26±2.29) was maximum in the 70-74 year age-group. Correlation analysis of physical fitness test with perception of wellness (composite score) showed significant association of 'arm-curl' test (p=0.012), 'back-scratch' test (p=0.0002), '8-feet up-and-go' test (p=0.005), '2-minute step' test (p=0.005) with the composite wellness score in the male participants, whereas in the females such significance was observed only in the '2 minute step' test (p=0.007) with the wellness score. Conclusion Screening of physical fitness and wellness are important measures in assessing wellness of community dwelling elderly, and in predicting theiroverall state of well-being, including age-specific comparison of fitness performance and wellness score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Kumar Bhattacharya
- Department of General Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong-793018, India
| | - Kuldeep Deka
- Department of Physiotherapy, Down Town Hospital, Guwahati-781005, India
| | - Bhupen Barman
- Department of General Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong-793018, India
| | - Md Jamil
- Department of General Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong-793018, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Godhe M, Pontén M, Nilsson J, Kallings LV, Andersson EA. Reliability of the accelerometer to control the effects of physical activity in older adults. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274442. [PMID: 36095032 PMCID: PMC9467325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Reliable physical activity measurements in community-dwelling older adults are important to determine effects of targeted health promotion interventions. Many exercise interventions aim to improve time spent sedentary (SED), in light-intensity-physical-activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity-physical-activity (MVPA), since these parameters have independently proposed associations with health and longevity. However, many previous studies rely on self-reports which have lower validity compared to accelerometer measured physical activity patterns. In addition, separating intervention-effects from reactivity measurements requires sufficient test-retest reliability for accelerometer assessments, which is lacking in older adults.
Objectives
The study objective was to investigate the reliability of sensor-based PA-patterns in community-dwelling older adults. Furthermore, to investigate change over time of physical activity patterns and examine any compensatory-effect from the eight-week supervised exercise-intervention.
Methods
An exercise-group (n = 78, age-range:65-91yrs) performed two 1h-exercise sessions/week during eight-weeks. PA-pattern was assessed (using hip-worn accelerometers), twice before and once during the last-week of the intervention. A control-group (n = 43, age-range:65-88yrs) performed one pre-test and the end-test with no exercise-intervention. A dependent-t-test, mean-difference (95%-CI), limits-of-agreement and intraclass-correlation-coefficient-ICC were used between the two pre-tests. Repeated-measures-ANOVA were used to analyze any intervention-effects.
Results
The exercise-groups´ two pre-tests showed generally no systematic change in any PA- or SED-parameter (ICC ranged 0.75–0.90). Compared to the control group, the exercise intervention significantly (time x group-interaction, p<0.05) increased total-PA-cpm (exercise-group/control-group +17%/+7%) and MVPA-min/week (+41/-2min) and decreased %-of-wear-time for SED-total (-4.7%/-2.7%) and SED-bouts (-5.7%/-1.8%), and SED-bouts min/d (-46/-16min). At baseline level, no significant differences were found between the two groups for any parameter.
Conclusions
The current study presents a good test-retest-reliability of sensor-based-one-week-assessed-PA-pattern in older-adults. Participating in an 8-week supervised exercise intervention improved some physical activity and sedentary parameters compared to the control group. No compensatory-effect was noted in the intervention-group i.e., no decrease in any PA-parameter or increase in SED at End-test (in %-of-wear-time, min/day or total-PA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manne Godhe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Marjan Pontén
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johnny Nilsson
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena V. Kallings
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva A. Andersson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yap YY, Tan SH, Tan SK, Choon SW. Integrating the capability approach and technology acceptance model to explain the elderly’s use intention of online grocery shopping. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2022.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
5
|
Kim SW, Park HY, Jung H, Lim K. Development of Functional Fitness Prediction Equation in Korean Older Adults: The National Fitness Award 2015–2019. Front Physiol 2022; 13:896093. [PMID: 35620610 PMCID: PMC9127254 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.896093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main advantage of measuring functional fitness (FF) in older adults is that individual tests can estimate and track the rate of decline with age. This study aimed to develop a multiple linear regression model for predicting FF variables using easy-to-measure independent variables (e.g., sex, age, body mass index, and percent body fat) in Korean older adults. National Fitness Award datasets from the Republic of Korea were used in this analysis. The participants were aged ≥65 years and included 61,465 older men and 117,395 older women. The FF variables included the hand grip strength, lower body strength (30-s chair stand), lower body flexibility (chair sit-and-reach), coordination (figure of 8 walk), agility/dynamic balance (timed up-and-go), and aerobic endurance (2-min step test). An estimation multiple linear regression model was developed using a stepwise technique. In the regression model, the coefficient of determination in the hand grip strength test (adjusted R2 = 0.773, p < 0.001) was significantly high. However, the coefficient of determination in the 30-s chair stand (adjusted R2 = 0.296, p < 0.001), chair sit-and-reach (adjusted R2 = 0.435, p < 0.001), figure of 8 walk (adjusted R2 = 0.390, p < 0.001), timed up-and-go (adjusted R2 = 0.384, p < 0.001), and 2-min step tests (adjusted R2 = 0.196, p < 0.001) was significantly low to moderate. Our findings suggest that easy-to-measure independent variables can predict the hand grip strength in older adults. In future studies, explanatory power will be further improved if multiple linear regression analysis, including the physical activity level and nutritional status of older adults, is performed to predict the FF variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woo Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoeryong Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Kiwon Lim,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Laic RAG, Vander Sloten J, Depreitere B. Traumatic brain injury in the elderly population: a 20-year experience in a tertiary neurosurgery center in Belgium. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2022; 164:1407-1419. [PMID: 35267099 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) rates in the elderly population are rapidly increasing worldwide. However, there are no clinical guidelines for the treatment of elderly TBI to date. This study aims at describing injury patterns and severity, clinical management, and outcomes in elderly TBI patients, which may contribute to specific prognostic tools and clinical guidelines in the future. METHODS Clinical records of 2999 TBI patients ≥ 65 years old admitted in the University Hospital Leuven (Belgium) between 1999 and 2019 were manually screened and 1480 cases could be included. Records were scrutinized for relevant clinical data. RESULTS The median age in the cohort was 78.0 years (IQR = 12). Falls represented the main accident mechanism (79.7%). The median Glasgow Coma Score on admission was 15 (range 3-15). Subdural hematomas were the most common lesion (28.4%). 90.1% of all patients were hospitalized and 27.0% were admitted to intensive care. 16.4% underwent a neurosurgical intervention. 11.0% of all patients died within 30 days post-TBI. Among the 521 patients with mild TBI, 28.6% were admitted to ICU and 13.1% had a neurosurgical intervention and 30-day mortality was 6.9%. CONCLUSION Over the 20-year study period, an increase of age and comorbidities and a reduction in neurosurgical interventions and ICU admissions were observed, along with a trend to less severe injuries but a higher proportion of treatment withdrawals, while at the same time mortality rates decreased. TBI is a life-changing event, leading to severe consequences in the elderly population, especially at higher ages. Even mild TBI is associated with substantial rates of hospitalization, surgery, and mortality in elderly. The characteristics of the elderly population with TBI are subject to changes over time.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lopuszanska-Dawid M, Kołodziej H, Lipowicz A, Szklarska A. Age, Education, and Stress Affect Ageing Males' Symptoms More than Lifestyle Does: The Wroclaw Male Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095044. [PMID: 35564437 PMCID: PMC9105921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of subjects are affected by health problems related to the advanced involutional processes. It is extremely important to identify the determinants of the rate of occurrence of physiological, psychological, and social manifestations of aging. The aim was to determine how factors such as lifestyle, level of education, or severity of stressful life events indicate the appearance of aging symptoms in adult men. The material consisted of data of ethnically homogeneous group of 355 men (32−87 years), invited to the study as a part of the Wroclaw Male Study research project. The analyzed features included (1) socioeconomic status: age, educational level, marital status, and having children; (2) elements of lifestyle: alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, and physical activity; (3) major and most important stressful life events—the Social Readjustment Rating Scale; (4) symptoms related to male aging—the Aging Males’ Symptoms. The backward stepwise regression models, the Kruskal−Wallis test, and multiple comparisons of mean ranks were used. Noncentrality parameter δ (delta), two-tailed critical values of the test, and test power with α = 0.05 were calculated. Among the analyzed variables, age was most strongly associated with the intensity of almost all groups of andropausal symptoms in men (p = 0.0001), followed by the level of education (p = 0.0001) and the intensity of stressful life events (p = 0.0108). Selected lifestyle elements turned out to be much less important (p > 0.01). Preventive actions aimed at slowing down the intensification of involutional processes, including teaching strategies for coping with stressful life events, should be implemented in groups of men with specific risk factors from an early age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lopuszanska-Dawid
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Marymoncka 34, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-834-04-31
| | - Halina Kołodziej
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Anna Lipowicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (H.K.); (A.L.)
| | - Alicja Szklarska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Palace of Culture and Science, Defilad Square 1, 00-901 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Searle A, Herbert G, Ness A, Foster C, Waylen A, Jago R. A qualitative exploration of attitudes to walking in the retirement life change. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:472. [PMID: 35264126 PMCID: PMC8905568 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Walking is a simple activity that could help to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases in all populations. Furthermore, an inverse dose–response relationship exists between steps taken and risk of premature death and cardiovascular events in middle-aged and older adults. There is a lack of information on how to effectively engage older adults around retirement age in walking. This qualitative study explored attitudes towards walking in older people with regard to habits, intensity, preferences and strategies for increasing walking behaviour. Methods In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 26 older adults who were either close to retirement or recently retired. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted. Results Three themes were identified from the data; 1) Engagement and perceived value of walking; was focused on the meaning of walking for the participant and the attributes they associate with their walking practice. 2) Integration and connectivity of walking; was focused on how participants integrate walking in their daily lives and whether walking can be practiced as a viable means of connectivity. 3) Strategies to increase walking; was focused on what factors motivate participants in their walking practice and what strategies they perceived to be beneficial to increase walking distance and intensity at an individual level. Discussion The views of walking in people of retirement age were represented within 3 key themes. The factors contained in these themes that may influence future walking practice are discussed with regard to future strategies to promote walking in the retirement life change. Conclusion It may be beneficial to promote qualitative aspects of walking practice and strive for regularity rather than intensity of walking to accrue the social, psychological and intellectual benefits reported by individuals in the retirement life change. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12853-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Searle
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Georgia Herbert
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andy Ness
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol Dental School, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Charlie Foster
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Social Science Complex, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
| | - Andrea Waylen
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol Dental School, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Russell Jago
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Social Science Complex, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Coletti C, Acosta GF, Keslacy S, Coletti D. Exercise-mediated reinnervation of skeletal muscle in elderly people: An update. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32. [PMID: 35234025 PMCID: PMC8992679 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined by the loss of muscle mass and function. In aging sarcopenia is due to mild chronic inflammation but also to fiber-intrinsic defects, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Age-related sarcopenia is associated with physical disability and lowered quality of life. In addition to skeletal muscle, the nervous tissue is also affected in elderly people. With aging, type 2 fast fibers preferentially undergo denervation and are reinnervated by slow-twitch motor neurons. They spread forming new neuro-muscular junctions with the denervated fibers: the result is an increased proportion of slow fibers that group together since they are associated in the same motor unit. Grouping and fiber type shifting are indeed major histological features of aging skeletal muscle. Exercise has been proposed as an intervention for age-related sarcopenia due to its numerous beneficial effects on muscle mechanical and biochemical features. In 2013, a precursor study in humans was published in the European Journal of Translation Myology (formerly known as Basic and Applied Myology), highlighting the occurrence of reinnervation in the musculature of aged, exercise-trained individuals as compared to the matching control. This paper, entitled «Reinnervation of Vastus lateralis is increased significantly in seniors (70-years old) with a lifelong history of high-level exercise», is now being reprinted for the second issue of the «Ejtm Seminal Paper Series». In this short review we discuss those results in the light of the most recent advances confirming the occurrence of exercise-mediated reinnervation, ultimately preserving muscle structure and function in elderly people who exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coletti
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Gilberto F Acosta
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Stefan Keslacy
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Dario Coletti
- DAHFMO - Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Biological Adaptation and Ageing, CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm U1164, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Interuniversity institute of Myology, Ro.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jagroep W, Cramm JM, Denktaș S, Nieboer AP. Age-friendly neighbourhoods and physical activity of older Surinamese individuals in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261998. [PMID: 35085282 PMCID: PMC8794150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-friendly neighbourhoods seem to promote physical activity among older individuals. Physical activity is especially important for chronically ill individuals. In the Netherlands, older Surinamese individuals are more likely to have chronic diseases than are their native Dutch counterparts. This study examined relationships of neighbourhood characteristics with physical activity among older Surinamese individuals in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. METHODS Of 2749 potential participants, 697 (25%) community-dwelling older (age ≥ 70 years) Surinamese individuals living in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, completed a questionnaire on personal and neighbourhood characteristics between March and June 2020. Correlation and multilevel regression analyses were performed to identify associations between missing neighbourhood characteristics for ageing in place and physical activity. RESULTS Scores for the neighbourhood domains communication and information (r = -0.099, p ≤ 0.05), community support and health services (r = -0.139, p ≤ 0.001), and respect and social inclusion (r = -0.141, p ≤ 0.001), correlated negatively with participants' PA. In the multilevel analysis, overall missing neighbourhood characteristics to age in place scores were associated negatively with physical activity (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed the importance of age-friendly neighbourhoods for physical activity among older Surinamese individuals in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Our findings suggest that the neighbourhood plays an important role in supporting older individuals' leading of physically active lifestyles. Further research is needed to support the development of interventions to create age-friendly neighbourhoods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warsha Jagroep
- Department of Socio-Medical Sciences, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jane M. Cramm
- Department of Socio-Medical Sciences, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Semiha Denktaș
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna P. Nieboer
- Department of Socio-Medical Sciences, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim M, Kuruma H, Thawisuk C. The use of elastic band exercise as a physical therapy intervention for improving shoulder function in older adults: a scoping review. J Exerc Rehabil 2021; 17:313-318. [PMID: 34805019 PMCID: PMC8566100 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142574.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many older adults experience a decline in shoulder function due to aging. This decline leads to limitations in daily activities and a lower quality of life. The incorporation of physical therapy interventions through elastic band exercises has demonstrated improved overall physical faculties among older adults. However, there is limited literature regarding the effect of these interventions on shoulder function in older adults. This scoping review summarized the current literature regarding elastic band exercises targeting shoulder function in older adults. A systematic literature search was performed using the Scopus and PubMed databases. An additional manual search was conducted using the PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database). Articles were included if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal in 2017-2021. After assessing eligibility, five randomized controlled trials articles were included in the analysis. We discovered that two types of elastic interventions were applied to older adults: namely, the TheraBand and tube bands. We observed heterogeneity in participant characteristics among the studies (healthy older adults, older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and older adults with sarcopenic obesity). The duration of the exercise intervention ranged from 3 to 36 sessions. Only one study measured shoulder function as the primary outcome. Our findings suggest that elastic band exercises have been applied to older adults in various conditions and tended to be effective; however, evidence on this topic is insufficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjoon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tokyo General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Kuruma
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chirathip Thawisuk
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Human Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Implementation of the EIRA 3 Intervention by Targeting Primary Health Care Practitioners: Effectiveness in Increasing Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910537. [PMID: 34639836 PMCID: PMC8507856 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that physical inactivity (PI) is responsible for 20 to 30% of all non-communicable diseases. We aimed to analyze the effectiveness of a multiple health behavior change (MHBC) intervention to increase physical activity (PA) in patients 45 to 75 years old who had at least 2 of 3 unhealthy behaviors (tobacco use, reduced fruit and vegetable consumption, and insufficient PA). The MHBC intervention is based on the Transtheoretical Model and the conceptual framework of the "5 A's" and includes an individually tailored intervention, group sessions, and the use of community resources. We included 3062 participants, 1481 in the intervention group and 1581 in the control group. After 12 months, there were no differences in PA intensity measured by metabolic_equivalent_of_task_minutes/week (adjusted mean difference: 284.093, 95% CI: -298.24, 866.42) nor in the proportion of participants who increased PA levels to moderate or high (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.23; p = 0.822), and no differences in blood pressure, weight loss, or waist circumference. We found an increased proportion of patients in the intervention group who followed the WHO recommendations for PA (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.60; p = 0.02). We concluded that the intervention did not lead to a significant increase in PA.
Collapse
|
13
|
Machado OAS, Diniz VLS, Passos MEP, de Oliveira HH, Santos-Oliveira LC, Alecrim AL, Bertola Lobato T, Manoel R, Correa I, Silva EB, de Oliveira Poma S, Mendes de Almeida M, Pithon-Curi TC, Diniz S, Levada-Pires AC, Curi R, Masi LN, Hirabara SM, Gorjão R. Physical exercise increases global and gene-specific (interleukin-17 and interferon-γ) DNA methylation in lymphocytes from aged women. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1878-1885. [PMID: 34229361 DOI: 10.1113/ep089673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Is lymphocyte DNA methylation differentially modulated by resistance training and aerobic exercise in older women? What is the main finding and its importance? The practice of resistance training led to an increased global DNA methylation in lymphocytes. The exercise-induced increase of inflammatory genes methylation may be associated with immune function impairment during ageing. ABSTRACT Ageing-induced increase in inflammatory gene expression through a reduction in DNA methylation might contribute to chronic diseases. Regular physical exercise practices, in turn, are associated with a decrease in the incidence of inflammatory diseases. We herein evaluated the effects of three exercise modalities on lymphocyte global and gene-specific (interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 17A (IL-17A) DNA methylation in aged women (68 ± 7.5 years). This cross-sectional study included 86 women, divided into four groups according to the physical exercise practice: 20 were practicing resistance training (RT); 24 were practicing water aerobics exercise (W); 22 were practicing water aerobics and resistance exercise (RWT), and 20 did not practice any physical exercise (CON). We evaluated volunteer functional capability using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, global lymphocyte DNA methylation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IFN-γ and IL-17A methylation by qPCR and CD4+ IFN-γ+ and CD4+ IL-17+ cell percentage by flow cytometry. The three physically exercised groups performed functional capability tests in a shorter period and showed a higher global lymphocyte DNA methylation and methylated CpGs of IL-17A and IFN-γ promoter regions than the control group. The practice of resistance training (RT and RWT groups) lead to high global DNA methylation. The combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise led to the increase of lymphocyte IL-17A and IFN-γ gene methylation induced by each separately. However, the percentage of IFN-γ+ and IL-17+ cells was lower only in the RT group. The exercise-induced increase of inflammatory-gene methylation may be associated with gene expression changes and immune function impairment during ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otávio A S Machado
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Physiology and Metabolism Study Center, Physical Education Faculty of Sorocaba YMCA, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vinicius L S Diniz
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria E P Passos
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa H de Oliveira
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laiane C Santos-Oliveira
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda L Alecrim
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Bertola Lobato
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richelieau Manoel
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilana Correa
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane B Silva
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah de Oliveira Poma
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Mendes de Almeida
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania C Pithon-Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana C Levada-Pires
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laureane Nunes Masi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro M Hirabara
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Gorjão
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pomiersky R, Abel B, Werner C, Lacroix A, Pfeiffer K, Schäufele M, Hauer K. Increasing Physical Activity in Persons With Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:588-597. [PMID: 31896078 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effectivity and sustainability of a physical activity (PA) promotion and motor training programs and analyzed predictors for PA changes in persons with dementia. A total of 122 participants with mild-to-moderate dementia were randomized to the intervention program designed for persons with dementia (intervention group) or a motor placebo activity (control group). The primary outcome was the Physical Activity Questionnaire for the Elderly assessed at the baseline, after the 3-month intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up. The PA promotion program significantly increased PA in the intervention group compared with the control group during the training intervention phase. Both groups showed an increase in habitual PA when intervention-induced activities were excluded. PA was sustainably increased in both groups at follow-up. Low baseline PA was predictive for increased PA after the intervention and low baseline PA, high motor performance, and low comorbidity for increased PA at follow-up.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wilke J, Vogel O, Ungricht S. Can we measure perceptual-cognitive function during athletic movement? A framework for and reliability of a sports-related testing battery. Phys Ther Sport 2020; 43:120-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
16
|
Gual N, García-Salmones M, Brítez L, Crespo N, Udina C, Pérez LM, Inzitari M. The role of physical exercise and rehabilitation in delirium. Eur Geriatr Med 2020; 11:83-93. [PMID: 32297245 PMCID: PMC7224129 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article aims to analyze the intersections between delirium, physical exercise and rehabilitation, to better understand their interrelation and to visualize future lines of research. METHODS In this narrative review, after an overview of brain neurophysiology and function, as common substrates to understand the relationship between delirium and physical function, we explore the scientific evidence in: (1) physical dysfunction as a risk factor for delirium; (2) physical dysfunction as a symptom of delirium and (3) functional consequences related to delirium. Later, we analyze the physical therapy as one of the main strategies in multicomponent interventions to prevent delirium, by examining intervention studies including rehabilitation, which have shown to be effective in managing delirium. Finally, we analyze how frailty, delirium and physical exercise interact with each other. RESULTS This review confirms the close relationship between delirium and physical dysfunction; therefore, it is not surprising that physical exercise is widely used in delirium preventive strategies. Although delirium is catalogued as a neurocognitive disorder, scientific evidence shows that it is also a motor disorder, which is to be expected, since a vast body of literature already supports an interaction between motor and cognitive function. CONCLUSION The motor component of delirium should be taken into account when designing interventions or strategies to address delirium. These interventions may have a special importance in frail older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gual
- Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Carrer d'Esteve Terradas 30, 08023, Barcelona, Spain. .,REFiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M García-Salmones
- Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Carrer d'Esteve Terradas 30, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Brítez
- Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Carrer d'Esteve Terradas 30, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Crespo
- Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Carrer d'Esteve Terradas 30, 08023, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Udina
- Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Carrer d'Esteve Terradas 30, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.,REFiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L M Pérez
- Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Carrer d'Esteve Terradas 30, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.,REFiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Inzitari
- Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Carrer d'Esteve Terradas 30, 08023, Barcelona, Spain.,REFiT Barcelona Research Group, Vall d'Hebrón Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang DX, Yao J, Zirek Y, Reijnierse EM, Maier AB. Muscle mass, strength, and physical performance predicting activities of daily living: a meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:3-25. [PMID: 31788969 PMCID: PMC7015244 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are essential for independent living and are predictors of morbidity and mortality in older populations. Older adults who are dependent in ADLs and IADLs are also more likely to have poor muscle measures defined as low muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, which further limit their ability to perform activities. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if muscle measures are predictive of ADL and IADL in older populations. Methods A systematic search was conducted using four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL) from date of inception to 7 June 2018. Longitudinal cohorts were included that reported baseline muscle measures defined by muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in conjunction with prospective ADL or IADL in participants aged 65 years and older at follow-up. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random effect model. Results Of the 7760 articles screened, 83 articles were included for the systematic review and involved a total of 108 428 (54.8% female) participants with a follow-up duration ranging from 11 days to 25 years. Low muscle mass was positively associated with ADL dependency in 5/9 articles and 5/5 for IADL dependency. Low muscle strength was associated with ADL dependency in 22/34 articles and IADL dependency in 8/9 articles. Low physical performance was associated with ADL dependency in 37/49 articles and with IADL dependency in 9/11 articles. Forty-five articles were pooled into the meta-analyses, 36 reported ADL, 11 reported IADL, and 2 reported ADL and IADL as a composite outcome. Low muscle mass was associated with worsening ADL (pooled odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.19 (1.29-7.92)) and worsening IADL (1.28 (1.02-1.61)). Low handgrip strength was associated with both worsening ADL and IADL (1.51 (1.34-1.70); 1.59 (1.04-2.31) respectively). Low scores on the short physical performance battery and gait speed were associated with worsening ADL (3.49 (2.47-4.92); 2.33 (1.58-3.44) respectively) and IADL (3.09 (1.06-8.98); 1.93 (1.69-2.21) respectively). Low one leg balance (2.74 (1.31-5.72)), timed up and go (3.41 (1.86-6.28)), and chair stand test time (1.90 (1.63-2.21)) were associated with worsening ADL. Conclusions Muscle measures at baseline are predictors of future ADL and IADL dependence in the older adult population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel X.M. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Jessica Yao
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Yasar Zirek
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Esmee M. Reijnierse
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Andrea B. Maier
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourneThe University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdamVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gallardo-Alfaro L, Bibiloni MDM, Mateos D, Ugarriza L, Tur JA. Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3358. [PMID: 31514471 PMCID: PMC6765775 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus type 2 which may be reduced by practicing regular physical activity. OBJECTIVE To assess the leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) of older adults with MetS and without MetS. METHODS Cross-sectional study of older adults (55-80 years old) from Balearic Islands (Spain) with MetS (n = 333; 55% men) and without MetS (n = 144; 43.8% men). LTPA was assessed with the validated Spanish version of the Minnesota LTPA Questionnaire. Two criteria of physically active were used: >150 min/week of moderate physical activity or >75 min/week of vigorous physical activity or a combination of both, and total leisure-time energy expenditure of >300 MET·min/day. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, anthropometric variables, MetS components, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) were also measured. RESULTS MetS subjects showed lower energy expenditure in LTPA, lower adherence to the MD, higher obesity and waist circumference, and were less active than non-MetS peers. LTPA increased as participants got older and there was higher LTPA intensity as educational level increased. Adherence to MD was as high as LTPA was. CONCLUSIONS MetS is associated with physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. To increase LTPA recommendations and raise awareness in the population about the health benefits of PA and high adherence to MD is highly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gallardo-Alfaro
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA &CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Maria Del Mar Bibiloni
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA &CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - David Mateos
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA &CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Lucía Ugarriza
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA &CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Camp Redó Primary Health Care Center, IBSalut, Palma de Mallorca, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Josep A Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, IDISBA &CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Clifford AM, Shanahan J, O'Leary H, O'Neill D, Ni Bhriain O. Social dance for health and wellbeing in later life. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2019; 37:6-10. [PMID: 31445367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Clifford
- School of Allied Health and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - J Shanahan
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - H O'Leary
- Physiotherapy Department, University Hospital Kerry, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - D O'Neill
- National Centre for Arts and Health, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - O Ni Bhriain
- Irish World Academy of Music and Dance, Department of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Limerick, Co. Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
O'Regan A, Glynn L, Garcia Bengoechea E, Casey M, Clifford A, Donnelly A, Murphy AW, Gallagher S, Gillespie P, Newell J, Harkin M, Macken P, Sweeney J, Foley-Walsh M, Quinn G, Ng K, O'Sullivan N, Balfry G, Woods C. An evaluation of an intervention designed to help inactive adults become more active with a peer mentoring component: a protocol for a cluster randomised feasibility trial of the Move for Life programme. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2019; 5:88. [PMID: 31333875 PMCID: PMC6615191 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-019-0473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is overwhelming evidence to support the promotion of physical activity in adults in terms of benefits to well-being, physical and mental health. Physical activity guidelines suggest that adults should accumulate at least 150 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week. In Ireland, the majority of adults do not achieve these guidelines, with costs to health and economy. ‘Move for Life’ (MFL) employs behavioural change techniques delivered by an instructor and peer mentor, using a train-the-trainer (cascade) model. This study will conduct a feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial of the MFL intervention for modifying physical activity behaviours in inactive adults aged 45 years and older. Methods The trial is set in eight Local Sports Partnership (LSP) hubs that have structured physical activity programmes. The hubs are the units of randomisation (clusters), and individuals are the units of analysis (participants). Eligible participants will contact one of the hubs, with each hub running four physical activity programmes. Each programme requires between 12–15 inactive adults, resulting in 48–60 participants per hub. Allowing for 20% dropout rate, an additional 96 people will be recruited giving a maximum sample of 576. The hub will be randomised: true control, usual programme or MFL intervention. The true control group will be given information about physical activity but will not be included in a programme for the duration of the trial; the intervention will involve the instructor training one (or more) of the participants to be a peer mentor using an educational toolkit; and usual care groups will have physical activity classes delivered as normal. Baseline data will collect physical activity measures and follow-up measurements will be obtained at 3 and 6 months. All participants will be asked to wear a device for measuring activity on the thigh (activPAL) for 7 days before commencing the programme and at 3 and 6 months. The primary objective of the study is to investigate if it is feasible to deliver the intervention and collect data on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on all participants, thereby providing valuable information to guide sample size calculation for a future, more definitive trial. Trial registration number ISRCTN11235176 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40814-019-0473-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O'Regan
- 1Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Liam Glynn
- 1Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Monica Casey
- 1Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Amanda Clifford
- 3School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alan Donnelly
- 2Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andrew W Murphy
- NUI and HRB Primary Care Clinical Trial Network Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gallagher
- 5Faculty of Education & Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Paddy Gillespie
- 6Health Economics & Policy Analysis Centre (HEPA), NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John Newell
- 7School of Mathematics, Statistics & Applied Mathematics Clinical Research Facility, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mary Harkin
- Go for Life Programme, Age and Opportunity, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Phelim Macken
- Limerick Local Sports Partnership, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | | | - Geraldine Quinn
- 12Health Service Executive: Health & Wellbeing Division, Naas, Ireland
| | - Kwok Ng
- 2Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Nollaig O'Sullivan
- 2Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gearoid Balfry
- 2Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Catherine Woods
- 2Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bláfoss R, Sundstrup E, Jakobsen MD, Bay H, Garde AH, Andersen LL. Are Insomnia Type Sleep Problems Associated With a Less Physically Active Lifestyle? A Cross-Sectional Study Among 7,700 Adults From the General Working Population. Front Public Health 2019; 7:117. [PMID: 31139609 PMCID: PMC6527891 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sleep problems are common in the general population and negatively affect both private and work life. A vicious circle may exist between poor sleep and an unhealthy lifestyle. For example, poor sleep may drain the energy to do health-promoting physical activity during leisure-time after work. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between sleep problems and the duration of low- and high-intensity leisure-time physical activity in sedentary and physical workers. Methods: This cross-sectional study employ data from the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study in 2010, where currently employed wage-earners in Denmark on daytime schedule (N = 7,706) replied to questions about sleep quality (cf. the Bergen Insomnia Scale) and participation in low- and high-intensity leisure-time physical activity. Associations were modeled using general linear models controlling for various confounders. Results: Workers with high levels of sleep problems reported less high-intensity leisure-time physical activity. Specifically, the weekly duration of high-intensity leisure-time physical activity was 139 (95%CI 111-168), 129 (95%CI 101-158), and 122 (95%CI 92-151) min in sedentary workers with sleep problems < 1, 1-3, and ≥3 days per week, respectively. The same pattern was observed among physical workers. In sedentary workers ≥50 years, the fully adjusted model showed a weekly duration in high-intensity physical activity during leisure of 122 (95%CI 83-161), 102 (95%CI 64-141), and 90 (95%CI 51-130) among those with sleep problems < 1, 1-3, and ≥3 days per week, respectively. Conclusions: Workers, particularly sedentary older workers, having sleep problems report less high-intensity leisure-time physical activity. These data suggest that a vicious circle may indeed exist between poor sleep and reduced leisure-time physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rúni Bláfoss
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Sundstrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Hans Bay
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Helene Garde
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Louis Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Coen PM, Musci RV, Hinkley JM, Miller BF. Mitochondria as a Target for Mitigating Sarcopenia. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1883. [PMID: 30687111 PMCID: PMC6335344 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical function that is characteristic of aging. The progression of sarcopenia is gradual but may be accelerated by periods of muscle loss during physical inactivity secondary to illness or injury. The loss of mobility and independence and increased comorbidities associated with sarcopenia represent a major healthcare challenge for older adults. Mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostatic mechanisms are important contributors to the complex etiology of sarcopenia. As such, interventions that target improving mitochondrial function and proteostatic maintenance could mitigate or treat sarcopenia. Exercise is currently the only effective option to treat sarcopenia and does so, in part, by improving mitochondrial energetics and protein turnover. Exercise interventions also serve as a discovery tool to identify molecular targets for development of alternative therapies to treat sarcopenia. In summary, we review the evidence linking mitochondria and proteostatic maintenance to sarcopenia and discuss the therapeutic potential of interventions addressing these two factors to mitigate sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Robert V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - J Matthew Hinkley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schröder H, Cárdenas-Fuentes G, Martínez-González MA, Corella D, Vioque J, Romaguera D, Alfredo Martínez J, Tinahones FJ, Miranda JL, Estruch R, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Arós F, Marcos A, Tur JA, Warnberg J, Serra-Majem L, Martín V, Vázquez C, Lapetra J, Pintó X, Vidal J, Daimiel L, Gaforio JJ, Matía-Martín P, Ros E, Castañer O, Lassale C, Ruiz-Canela M, Asensio EM, Basora J, Torres-Collado L, Garcia-Rios A, Abete I, Toledo E, Buil-Cosiales P, Bullo M, Goday A, Fitó M, Salas-Salvadó J. Effectiveness of the physical activity intervention program in the PREDIMED-Plus study: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:110. [PMID: 30424822 PMCID: PMC6234632 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and implementation of effective physical activity (PA) intervention programs is challenging, particularly in older adults. After the first year of the intervention program used in the ongoing PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus trial, we assessed the initial effectiveness of the PA component. METHODS PREDIMED-Plus is an ongoing randomized clinical trial including 6874 participants randomized to an intensive weight-loss lifestyle intervention based on an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), physical activity promotion and behavioral support and to a control group using MedDiet recommendations but without calorie restriction or PA advice. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are measured by standard clinical protocols. Duration and intensity of PA is self-reported using the validated REGICOR Short Physical Activity Questionnaire. The primary endpoint of the PREDIMED-Plus trial is a combined cardiovascular outcome: myocardial infarction (acute coronary syndromes with positive troponin test), stroke, or cardiovascular mortality. The present study involved secondary analysis of PA data (n = 6059; mean age 65 ± 4.9 years) with one-year changes in total, light, and moderate-to-vigorous PA within and between intervention groups as the outcome. Generalized estimating equation models were fitted to evaluate time trends of PA, BMI, and WC within groups and differences between intervention and control groups. RESULTS After 12 months, average daily MVPA increased by 27.2 (95%CI 5.7;48.7) METs-min/day and 123.1 (95%CI 109.7-136.6) METs-min/day in the control and intervention groups, respectively. Total-PA, light-PA, and MVPA increased significantly (p < 0.01) in both groups. A significant (p < 0.001) time*intervention group interaction was found for Total-PA and MVPA, meaning the PA trajectory over time differed between the intervention and control groups. Age, sex, education level, and BMI did not moderate the effectiveness of the PA intervention. BMI and WC decreased significantly with increasing MVPA, compared with participants who reported no changes in MVPA. CONCLUSION After one year of follow-up, the PREDIMED-Plus PA intervention has been effective in increasing daily PA in older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial ( http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870 ), registration date: 24 July 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar, Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriela Cárdenas-Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar, Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain
| | - José López Miranda
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- OSI ARABA. University Hospital Araba, Department of Cardiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Vitoria-Gasteiz, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Julia Warnberg
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Juan Gaforio
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IDISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Lipids, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar, Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camille Lassale
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M. Asensio
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep Basora
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio Navarro de Salud, Primary Health Care, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Torres-Collado
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estefania Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Buil-Cosiales
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio Navarro de Salud, Primary Health Care, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mònica Bullo
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar, Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar, Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - On behalf of the PREDIMED-Plus investigators
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar, Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- OSI ARABA. University Hospital Araba, Department of Cardiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Vitoria-Gasteiz, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Lipid Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IDISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Lipids, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- Servicio Navarro de Salud, Primary Health Care, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chung N, Park MY, Kim J, Park HY, Hwang H, Lee CH, Han JS, So J, Park J, Lim K. Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): a component of total daily energy expenditure. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2018; 22:23-30. [PMID: 30149423 PMCID: PMC6058072 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2018.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this review is to promote awareness of non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) as a new strategy to increase energy expenditure, and to manage obesity. [Methods] The content of this review is based on a literature search of PubMed and the Google Scholar search engine, using the search terms obesity, energy expenditure, non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), and sitting disease. [Results] Daily energy expenditure is of great interest because most obese individuals have no exercise activity-related thermogenesis (EAT); thus their physical activity-related energy expenditure (PEE) is comprised almost entirely of NEAT. Consequently, NEAT represents the main variable component of daily total energy expenditure (TEE); this varies considerably, both within among individuals. These somewhat unplanned and unstructured low level physical activities are associated with energy expenditure in excess of the resting metabolic rate (RMR). They may therefore have the potential to stimulate greater energy expenditure over time with a higher rate of adherence. [Conclusion] In conclusion, NEAT is a highly variable component of daily TEE and a low level of NEAT is associated with obesity. NEAT enhances lifestyle, and variations in individual and environmental factors can significantly affect daily energy expenditure. Therefore, well designed longitudinal studies that focus on personal behavioral approaches and re-engineered environments to increase NEAT should be conducted in the future.
Collapse
|
25
|
Benfato ID, Moretto TL, de Carvalho FP, Barthichoto M, Ferreira SM, Costa Júnior JM, Lazzarin MC, de Oliveira F, Martinez C, Prado de França Carvalho C, de Oliveira CAM. Spontaneous physical activity and mediators of energy homeostasis in the hypothalamus of mice from 4 to 10 months of age. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1524-1534. [PMID: 28786537 DOI: 10.1113/ep086265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Is the initial decline of spontaneous physical activity (SPA) in mice related to impaired insulin and leptin signalling or brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the hypothalamus? What is the main finding and its importance? We showed that SPA started to decline at an early stage, concomitantly with an impairment of hypothalamic leptin signalling. Consequently, energy expenditure decreased and glucose tolerance worsened. Our results demonstrate the need to counteract the initial decline in SPA to avoid metabolic impairments and indicate the possible involvement of central leptin in the reduction in SPA with age. The biological control of physical activity is poorly understood. Age decreases insulin, leptin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling in the hypothalamus, and all have been shown to modulate spontaneous physical activity (SPA). We investigated the age at which SPA starts to decline and whether this is associated with the emergence of hypothalamic insulin and leptin resistance and reduced BDNF expression. Spontaneous physical activity (and other parameters of locomotion) and energy expenditure were determined monthly in mice from the 4th to the 10th month of age. Metabolic and hypothalamic analyses were performed in 4-, 6- and 10-month-old mice. Spontaneous physical activity, distance travelled and speed of locomotion started to decrease in 6-month-old mice. The reduction in SPA became more evident from 8 months of age. Energy expenditure decreased from the 8th month. Hypothalamic BDNF protein expression and insulin signalling did not change throughout the time span studied. Leptin signalling decreased at 6 and 10 months compared with 4 months. Also, compared with 4 months, 6- and 10-month-old mice were glucose intolerant. In conclusion, SPA begins to decline in parallel with reduced hypothalamic leptin signalling. Metabolic impairment also manifests as SPA decreases, highlighting the need to understand the regulation of SPA in order to combat its decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabelle Dias Benfato
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Ludmilla Moretto
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcela Barthichoto
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Mara Ferreira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Maria Costa Júnior
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cruz Lazzarin
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Martinez
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Valenti G, Bonomi AG, Westerterp KR. Diurnal Patterns of Physical Activity in Relation to Activity Induced Energy Expenditure in 52 to 83 Years-Old Adults. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167824. [PMID: 27936145 PMCID: PMC5147998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ageing is associated with a declining physical activity level (PAL) and changes in the diurnal activity pattern. Changes in the activity pattern might help explaining the age-associated reduction of physical activity. Objective The aims were to investigate diurnal activity patterns within groups of older adults classified by PAL, to investigate diurnal activity patterns within age-groups and to investigate the association between the drop in activity and aerobic fitness. Methods Thirty-one healthy subjects aged between 52 and 83y were recruited for the study. Subjects were divided in sedentary (PAL<1.75), moderately active (1.75<PAL<1.90), and active (1.90<PAL) older adults with energy expenditure measurements obtained with the doubly labelled water technique. Diurnal activity patterns were based on activity counts from an accelerometer during wake time and then divided in four quarters of equal time length. Additionally, aerobic fitness was measured as maximal oxygen uptake. Results Subjects had a PAL between 1.43 and 2.34 and an aerobic fitness between 18 and 49 ml/kg/min. Overall, activity patterns showed a peak in the first quarter of wake time (around 10AM) followed by a gradual decline of, on average, 5% per hour. Active subjects reached their peak in the first quarter and remained active until after the third quarter (11% drop each quarter on average). Moderately active and sedentary subjects reached their peak during the second quarter with a decrease during the third quarter (respectively 29% and 17% drop each quarter on average). The drop in physical activity between the first and the second half of the wake time was negatively associated with aerobic fitness (r = -0.39, p<0.05). Conclusion Active older adults maintained a larger amount of body movement for longer during their wake time. Diurnal physical activity declined more in adults ≥66 years old with lower aerobic fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Valenti
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Alberto G. Bonomi
- Personal Health Solutions, Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas R. Westerterp
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hill J, Keating J. Encouraging healthy spine habits to prevent low back pain in children: an observational study of adherence to exercise. Physiotherapy 2016; 102:229-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
28
|
Nicklas BJ, Beavers DP, Mihalko SL, Miller GD, Loeser RF, Messier SP. Relationship of Objectively-Measured Habitual Physical Activity to Chronic Inflammation and Fatigue in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1437-1443. [PMID: 27382039 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habitual (non-exercise) physical activity (PA) declines with age, and aging-related increases in inflammation and fatigue may be important contributors to variability in PA. METHODS This study examined the association of objectively-measured PA (accelerometry over 7 days) with inflammation (plasma interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein) and with self-reported fatigue (SF-36 Vitality) at baseline and 18 months after a diet-induced weight loss, exercise, or diet-induced weight loss plus exercise intervention in 167 overweight/obese, middle-aged, and older adults. RESULTS At baseline, individuals with higher plasma interleukin-6, as well as those who reported feeling less energetic (more fatigued), took less steps per day and had lower PA energy expenditure and minutes of light and moderate-vigorous PA (p < .05 for all). At the 18-month follow-up, inflammation was lower in both weight loss groups, fatigue was reduced in all three groups with larger decreases in the combined group, and mean levels of habitual PA were not changed in any group. In longitudinal analyses with all groups combined, we found that participants reporting larger increases in vitality (eg, declines in fatigue) had greater increases in PA (p < .05 for all). Also, changes in steps/d and physical activity energy expenditure were indirectly associated with changes in interleukin-6 (β [SEM] for steps/d = -565 [253]; β [SEM] for physical activity energy expenditure = -22.4 [10.17]; p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Levels of habitual PA are lower in middle-aged and older adults with higher levels of chronic inflammation and greater self-reported fatigue. In addition, participants who experienced greater declines in inflammation during the interventions had greater declines in fatigue and larger increases in PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Nicklas
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, J. Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Daniel P Beavers
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Shannon L Mihalko
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gary D Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center and the Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Stephen P Messier
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Valenti G, Bonomi AG, Westerterp KR. Walking as a Contributor to Physical Activity in Healthy Older Adults: 2 Week Longitudinal Study Using Accelerometry and the Doubly Labeled Water Method. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2016; 4:e56. [PMID: 27268471 PMCID: PMC4916334 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.5445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is recommended to promote healthy aging. Defining the importance of activities such as walking in achieving higher levels of physical activity might provide indications for interventions. Objective To describe the importance of walking in achieving higher levels of physical activity in older adults. Methods The study included 42 healthy subjects aged between 51 and 84 years (mean body mass index 25.6 kg/m2 [SD 2.6]). Physical activity, walking, and nonwalking activity were monitored with an accelerometer for 2 weeks. Physical activity was quantified by accelerometer-derived activity counts. An algorithm based on template matching and signal power was developed to classify activity counts into nonwalking counts, short walk counts, and long walk counts. Additionally, in a subgroup of 31 subjects energy expenditure was measured using doubly labeled water to derive physical activity level (PAL). Results Subjects had a mean PAL of 1.84 (SD 0.19, range 1.43-2.36). About 20% of the activity time (21% [SD 8]) was spent walking, which accounted for about 40% of the total counts (43% [SD 11]). Short bouts composed 83% (SD 9) of walking time, providing 81% (SD 11) of walking counts. A stepwise regression model to predict PAL included nonwalking counts and short walk counts, explaining 58% of the variance of PAL (standard error of the estimate=0.12). Walking activities produced more counts per minute than nonwalking activities (P<.001). Long walks produced more counts per minute than short walks (P=.001). Nonwalking counts were independent of walking counts (r=−.05, P=.38). Conclusions Walking activities are a major contributor to physical activity in older adults. Walking activities occur at higher intensities than nonwalking activities, which might prevent individuals from engaging in more walking activity. Finally, subjects who engage in more walking activities do not tend to compensate by limiting nonwalking activities. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01609764; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01609764 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6grls0wAp)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Valenti
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Smith L, Gardner B, Fisher A, Hamer M. Patterns and correlates of physical activity behaviour over 10 years in older adults: prospective analyses from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007423. [PMID: 25877281 PMCID: PMC4401868 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have examined how levels of activity intensity fluctuate throughout later life in older adults and no study has identified correlates of sustained activity levels in this age group. The aim of the present analysis was to investigate stability of activity over a 10-year period and identify potential correlates of sustained activity levels in older adults. DESIGN Analyses of data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Participant-reported physical activity data were collected in 2002 (baseline), 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012. Participant age, sex, smoking, depressive symptoms, work status, wealth, and long-standing illness were recorded at baseline. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine associations between baseline exposure variables and persistent physical activity (reporting moderate and/or vigorous physical activity at least once a week at all 6 assessments over the 10-year time period). RESULTS A total of 5022 participants (mean age 61 years; 2114 male) were included in the analyses. There was reasonable stability in the physical activity measure over the 6 time points (Cronbach's α 0.85). There was an overall trend for increasing levels of inactivity and a reduction in vigorous activity. Age, female sex, having ever smoked, long-standing illness, arthritis, obesity, and depressive symptoms were associated with a lower likelihood of being persistently active (defined as reporting moderate and/or vigorous physical activity at least once a week over all 6 assessment points). Those with greater wealth were 4 times more likely to be persistently active. CONCLUSIONS In the present analyses time spent in vigorous-intensity activity declined in later life. A range of sociodemographic and biomedical factors were associated with being persistently active in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Abigail Fisher
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Hamer
- Physical Activity Research Group, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Daily exercises and education for preventing low back pain in children: cluster randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther 2015; 95:507-16. [PMID: 25504487 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20140273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children report low back pain (LBP) as young as 8 years. Preventing LBP in children may prevent or delay adult incidence. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine whether education and daily exercise affect LBP episodes in children compared with education alone. DESIGN This was a prospective, multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial. SETTING The study was conducted at 7 New Zealand primary schools. PARTICIPANTS Children (n=708), aged 8 to 11 years, from 7 schools stratified by sample size (36, 114, 151, 168, 113, 45, 83) were randomized and allocated to 2 masked groups: intervention (4 schools, n=469) or control (3 schools, n=239). INTERVENTIONS Participants in the intervention group were taught 4 spinal movements for daily practice. Both groups participated in education that emphasized "back awareness." MEASUREMENTS Low back pain history at baseline was assessed. Children reported episodes of LBP during the previous week on trial days 7, 21, 49, 105, 161, and 270. Analysis was at the individual participant level, with adjustment for school clusters. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups in the odds of reporting no LBP in the previous week during the study period (odds ratio [OR]=0.72; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=0.46, 1.14; P=.16). The intervention group reported significantly fewer episodes of LBP (OR=0.54; 95% CI=0.39, 0.74; P<.001) and significantly fewer lifetime first episodes of LBP (n=86 [34%]) compared with the control group (n=58 [47%]) (OR=0.60; 95% CI=0.39, 0.91; P=.02). The odds of an episode of LBP were greater in participants with a history of LBP (OR=4.21; 95% CI=3.07, 5.78; P<.001). Low back pain episodes decreased across the trial period for both groups (OR=0.89; 95% CI=0.84, 0.95; P<.001). Adherence to exercise was poor. LIMITATIONS Replication in other settings is needed. CONCLUSIONS Regular exercise and education appear to reduce LBP episodes in children aged 8 to 11 years compared with education alone.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ballak SB, Degens H, de Haan A, Jaspers RT. Aging related changes in determinants of muscle force generating capacity: a comparison of muscle aging in men and male rodents. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 14:43-55. [PMID: 24495393 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human aging is associated with a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and force generating capacity, however the exact mechanisms underlying these changes are not fully understood. Rodents models have often been used to enhance our understanding of mechanisms of age-related changes in human skeletal muscle. However, to what extent age-related alterations in determinants of muscle force generating capacity observed in rodents resemble those in humans has not been considered thoroughly. This review compares the effect of aging on muscle force generating determinants (muscle mass, fiber size, fiber number, fiber type distribution and muscle specific tension), in men and male rodents at similar relative age. It appears that muscle aging in male F344*BN rat resembles that in men most; 32-35-month-old rats exhibit similar signs of muscle weakness to those of 70-80-yr-old men, and the decline in 36-38-month-old rats is similar to that in men aged over 80 yrs. For male C57BL/6 mice, age-related decline in muscle force generating capacity seems to occur only at higher relative age than in men. We conclude that the effects on determinants of muscle force differ between species as well as within species, but qualitatively show the same pattern as that observed in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam B Ballak
- School of Healthcare Science, Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom; Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans Degens
- School of Healthcare Science, Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - Arnold de Haan
- School of Healthcare Science, Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom; Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Move Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Milanović Z, Pantelić S, Trajković N, Sporiš G, Kostić R, James N. Age-related decrease in physical activity and functional fitness among elderly men and women. Clin Interv Aging 2013; 8:549-56. [PMID: 23723694 PMCID: PMC3665513 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s44112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine differences in physical activity level and functional fitness between young elderly (60-69 years) and old elderly (70-80 years) people with the hypothesis that an age-related decline would be found. METHODS A total of 1288 participants' level of physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 594 were male (mean ± standard deviation: body height 175.62 ± 9.78 cm; body weight 82.26 ± 31.33 kg) and 694 female (mean ± standard deviation: body height 165.17 ± 23.12 cm; body weight 69.74 ± 12.44 kg). Functional fitness was also estimated using the Senior Fitness Test: back scratch, chair sit and reach, 8-foot up and go, chair stand up for 30 seconds, arm curl, and 2-minute step test. RESULTS Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for all Senior Fitness tests between young elderly (60-69 years) and old elderly (70-80) men. Similar results were found for the women, except no significant differences were found for the chair sit and reach and the 2-minute step test. From the viewpoint of energy consumption estimated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, moderate physical activity is dominant. In addition, with aging, among men and women older than 60 years, the value of the Metabolic Equivalent of Task in total physical activity significantly reduces (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study found that the reduction in physical activity level and functional fitness was equal for both men and women and was due to the aging process. These differences between young and old elderly people were due to the reduction of muscle strength in both upper and lower limbs and changes in body-fat percentage, flexibility, agility, and endurance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Soares JP, Mota MP, Duarte JA, Collins A, Gaivão I. Age-related increases in human lymphocyte DNA damage: is there a role of aerobic fitness? Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 31:743-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pinto Soares
- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; CIDESD-Sports; Vila Real Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Mota
- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; CIDESD-Sports; Vila Real Portugal
| | | | | | - Isabel Gaivão
- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; CECAV-Genetic and Biotechnology; Vila Real Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lafargue G, Noël M, Luyat M. In the elderly, failure to update internal models leads to over-optimistic predictions about upcoming actions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51218. [PMID: 23326312 PMCID: PMC3541384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Before an action is performed, the brain simulates the body's dynamic behavior in relation to the environment, estimates the possible outcomes and assesses the feasibility of potential actions. Here, we tested a hypothesis whereby age-related changes in sensorimotor abilities result in failure to update internal models of action in the elderly. Young and older adults were required to judge in advance whether or not they could stand on an inclined plane (Experiment 1). Relative to young adults, elderly adults overestimated their postural capabilities: although the two groups made similar feasibility judgments, elderly participants showed significantly worse postural performance levels. This tendency to overestimate their own ability persisted when elderly adults had to not only estimate the feasibility of an action but also endanger themselves by walking towards an obstacle that was too high for them to clear (Experiment 2). An age-related failure to update internal models may prompt the elderly to make over-optimistic predictions about upcoming actions. In turn, this may favor risky motor decision-making and promote falls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Lafargue
- Département de Psychologie, Université Lille Nord de France (Lille 3), Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- * E-mail: (GL); (ML)
| | - Myriam Noël
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CHR de Roubaix, Hôpital Victor Provo, Pavillon de Médecine Gériatrique, Roubaix, France
| | - Marion Luyat
- Département de Psychologie, Université Lille Nord de France (Lille 3), Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- * E-mail: (GL); (ML)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Childhood obesity represents a significant challenge for paediatric healthcare delivery. As obesity rates increase, obese children and adolescents are at significant risk for the development of a myriad of medical and surgical problems as well as mental health problems. Moreover, children with mental health problems are increasingly presenting to their psychiatrists with obesity. Treatment of paediatric obesity requires a multidisciplinary approach with incorporation of the family into the treatment plan although still typically only offering suboptimal results. Paediatric providers from all disciplines should focus efforts primarily on obesity prevention and encouragement of healthy lifestyles, while incorporating treatment for obesity when such efforts fail. The goals of this article are to provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetics, clinical features and treatment strategies for paediatric obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann O Scheimann
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-2631, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hinrichs T, Brach M, Bucchi C, Moschny A, Wilm S, Thiem U, Platen P. An exercise programme for community-dwelling, mobility-restricted and chronically ill older adults with structured support by the general practitioner's practice (HOMEfit). From feasibility to evaluation. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 46:56, 58-63. [PMID: 22538790 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-012-0329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Programmes containing health-enhancing physical exercise should be evaluated using standards that are just as rigorous as those required for drug development. In contrast to new medicines, exercise programmes are highly complex. This has to be taken into account when designing the research plan. In order to illustrate the development process of a "complex intervention", we use the example of an exercise programme for community-dwelling, mobility-restricted and chronically ill older adults. Based on a framework for evaluation of complex interventions (Medical Research Council [MRC], UK), a research plan was set up containing the phases: development, feasibility, evaluation, implementation. The development phase resulted in the design of a home-based exercise programme in which the target group is approached and supported via their general practitioner and an exercise therapist. A feasibility study was performed. Three quantitative criteria for feasibility (adoption, safety, continuing participation) were statistically confirmed which permitted the decision to proceed with the research plan. So far, the MRC framework has proved to be valuable for the development of the new programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Hinrichs
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, University of Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lin SF, Sung HC. The effectiveness of resistance training with thera band on physiological functions for older adults: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 10:1-10. [PMID: 27820288 DOI: 10.11124/01938924-201210561-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Lin
- 1. The Taiwanese Centre for Evidence-based Health Care: An Affiliate Centre of Joanna Briggs Institute, Tzu Chi College of Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Strasser B, Schobersberger W. Evidence for resistance training as a treatment therapy in obesity. J Obes 2011; 2011:482564. [PMID: 20847892 PMCID: PMC2931407 DOI: 10.1155/2011/482564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, investigators have paid increasing attention to the effects of resistance training (RT) on several metabolic syndrome variables. Evidence suggests that skeletal muscle is responsible for up to 40% of individuals' total body weight and may be influential in modifying metabolic risk factors via muscle mass development. Due to the metabolic consequences of reduced muscle mass, it is understood that normal aging and/or decreased physical activity may lead to a higher prevalence of metabolic disorders. The purpose of this review is to (1) evaluate the potential clinical effectiveness and biological mechanisms of RT in the treatment of obesity and (2) provide up-to-date evidence relating to the impact of RT in reducing major cardiovascular disease risk factors (including dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes). A further aim of this paper is to provide clinicians with recommendations for facilitating the use of RT as therapy in obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strasser
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
- *Barbara Strasser:
| | - Wolfgang Schobersberger
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Eggermont LHP, Blankevoort CG, Scherder EJA. Walking and night-time restlessness in mild-to-moderate dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing 2010; 39:746-9. [PMID: 20823127 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afq115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura H P Eggermont
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Strasser B, Siebert U, Schobersberger W. Resistance training in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of resistance training on metabolic clustering in patients with abnormal glucose metabolism. Sports Med 2010; 40:397-415. [PMID: 20433212 DOI: 10.2165/11531380-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, investigators have given increased attention to the effects of resistance training (RT) on several metabolic syndrome variables. The metabolic consequences of reduced muscle mass, as a result of normal aging or decreased physical activity, lead to a high prevalence of metabolic disorders. The purpose of this review is: (i) to perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the effect of RT on obesity-related impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus; and (ii) to investigate the existence of a dose-response relationship between intensity, duration and frequency of RT and the metabolic clustering. Thirteen RCTs were identified through a systematic literature search in MEDLINE ranging from January 1990 to September 2007. We included all RCTs comparing RT with a control group in patients with abnormal glucose regulation. For data analysis, we performed random effects meta-analyses to determine weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each endpoint. All data were analysed with the software package Review Manager 4.2.10 of the Cochrane Collaboration. In the 13 RCTs included in our analysis, RT reduced glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) by 0.48% (95% CI -0.76, -0.21; p = 0.0005), fat mass by 2.33 kg (95% CI -4.71, 0.04; p = 0.05) and systolic blood pressure by 6.19 mmHg (95% CI 1.00, 11.38; p = 0.02). There was no statistically significant effect of RT on total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and diastolic blood pressure. Based on our meta-analysis, RT has a clinically and statistically significant effect on metabolic syndrome risk factors such as obesity, HbA(1c) levels and systolic blood pressure, and therefore should be recommended in the management of type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strasser
- University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Institute for Sport Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, Hall i. T., Austria.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
[Pain and physical (in)activity in relation to cognition and behaviour in dementia]. Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr 2010; 40:270-8. [PMID: 20073276 DOI: 10.1007/bf03088521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Older persons with dementia may become confronted with a decline in the level of physical activity. Indeed, a positive relationship between physical activity and cognition has been demonstrated. Although the causality of this relationship needs to be confirmed in advanced dementia, particularly animal experimental studies show the possible negative influence of restrained physical activity on behavior of patients with dementia. Patients with dementia, who get immobilized because of agitation and restlessness, may show an increase in these two symptoms. Another cause for reduced physical activity or inactivity may be the experience of pain. Pain experience may even increase in dementia by neuropathological changes in the central nervous system. There is an increasing (inter)national interest for the development of a more reliable assessment and treatment of pain, for the causality of the relationship between pain and physical (in)activity, and for the causality of the relationship between physical (in)activity and cognition in dementia. In the present paper, the various topics will be addressed in this order.
Collapse
|
43
|
Rantalainen T, Sievänen H, Linnamo V, Hoffrén M, Ishikawa M, Kyröläinen H, Avela J, Selänne H, Komi PV, Heinonen A. Bone rigidity to neuromuscular performance ratio in young and elderly men. Bone 2009; 45:956-63. [PMID: 19631780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Given the adaptation of bone to prevalent loading, bone loss should follow, but lag behind, the decline in physical performance during aging. Furthermore, bone responsiveness to load-induced strains is believed to decrease with aging. However, the relationship between bone and lean body ( approximately muscle) mass appears to remain rather constant throughout adulthood. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between age and bone to neuromuscular performance ratio. Young (N=20, age 24 SD+/-2 years, body mass 77+/-11 kg, height 178+/-6 cm) and elderly (N=25, 72+/-4 years, 75+/-9 kg, 172+/-5 cm) men served as subjects. Bone structural traits were measured at the right distal tibia and tibial mid-shaft with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Maximal section modulus (Z(max50)), total area (ToA(d)), cortical area (CoA(50)), total density (ToD(d)) and cortical density (CoD(50)) were determined from the pQCT images. Neuromuscular performance was measured by recording vertical ground reaction force (GRF) in maximal bilateral hopping. Load-induced strains were estimated by calculating appropriate indices for compressive and tensile loading that took into account both the bone structure and apparent biomechanics of the given bone site. Young subjects had significantly higher maximal GRF compared to older men (4260+/-800 N vs. 3080+/-600 N, P<0.001). They also had smaller ToA(d) (1100+/-170 mm(2) vs. 1200+/-100 mm(2), P=0.028) while their ToD(d) was higher (370+/-46 g/cm(3) vs. 330+/-22 g/cm(3), P=0.002). The Z(max50) did not differ significantly between young (1660+/-320 mm(3)) and elderly men (1750+/-320 mm(3)) (P=0.224). Compressive (0.484+/-0.102 vs. 0.399+/-0.078, P=0.016) and tensile (0.107+/-0.016 vs. 0.071+/-0.018, P<0.001) strain indices were significantly higher in the younger group. In conclusion, the difference in bone to loading ratio at the tibial mid-shaft is bigger than expected from the delay in bone adaptation alone. Potential candidates to explain this phenomenon include a decrease in mechanosensitivity with aging, inability of maximal physical performance to adequately represent the bone loading environment, or the need to maintain constant safety factors to functional strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Rantalainen
- Neuromuscular Research Centre, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Heymsfield SB, Pietrobelli A. Body size and human energy requirements: Reduced mass-specific total energy expenditure in tall adults. Am J Hum Biol 2009; 22:301-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
45
|
Donat Tuna H, Ozcan Edeer A, Malkoc M, Aksakoglu G. Effect of age and physical activity level on functional fitness in older adults. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11556-009-0051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
It is difficult to distinguish between the effects of age and physical activity level in the functional fitness level of older adults. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of age and physical activity level on some functional fitness parameters in community-dwelling older adults.Two hundred twenty-nine elderly (111 female; 118 male) aged between 65–87 years living in the Balçova municipality region were divided into two groups: the young elderly (65–69 years old) and the elderly (70 years old or over). The “seven-day physical activity recall questionnaire” was used to estimate physical activity level (PAL). The functional fitness evaluation included the body mass index (BMI), the lower body strength (LBS), the dynamic balance, and the aerobic endurance. The young elderly were significantly worse with regard to BMI and significantly better with regard to LBS, dynamic balance, and aerobic endurance than the elderly; in contrast, PAL did not affect any of the functional fitness parameters. The young elderly showed worse BMI than the elderly when the age groups were less active. The young elderly showed better LBS and dynamic balance than the elderly when the age groups were more active. The young elderly showed significantly better aerobic endurance than the elderly in both the less and more active age groups. This study confirms that age affects functional fitness, whereas PAL generally does not. However, being more active is advantageous for the young elderly with regard to BMI, LBS, and dynamic balance.
Collapse
|
46
|
Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN, Fiatarone Singh MA, Minson CT, Nigg CR, Salem GJ, Skinner JS, Skinner JS. Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41:1510-30. [PMID: 19516148 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181a0c95c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2366] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
47
|
Prior SJ, McKenzie MJ, Joseph LJ, Ivey FM, Macko RF, Hafer-Macko CE, Ryan AS. Reduced skeletal muscle capillarization and glucose intolerance. Microcirculation 2009; 16:203-12. [PMID: 19225985 DOI: 10.1080/10739680802502423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reduced capillarization in hemiparetic skeletal muscle of chronic stroke patients can limit insulin, glucose, and oxygen supply to muscle, thereby contributing to impaired glucose metabolism and cardiovascular deconditioning. We hypothesized that compared to sedentary controls, stroke subjects have reduced skeletal muscle capillarization that is associated with glucose intolerance and reduced peak oxygen consumption (Vo(2peak)). METHODS Twelve chronic stroke subjects (ages, 62.1+/-2.8 years), and matched sedentary controls with impaired (n=12) or normal (n=12) glucose tolerance underwent oral glucose tolerance tests, exercise tests, and vastus lateralis biopsies. RESULTS Stroke subjects had lower capillarization in hemiparetic muscle than in nonparetic muscle and normal glucose tolerant controls ( approximately 22 and approximately 28%, respectively; P<0.05) and had similar bilateral capillarization, compared to controls with impaired glucose tolerance. Capillary density in hemiparetic muscle inversely correlated with 120-minute glucose (r=-0.70, P<0.01) and glucose area under the curve (r=-0.78, P<0.01). Vo(2peak) was approximately 40% lower in stroke subjects, compared to controls (P<0.001), but did not correlate with capillarization (P=n.s.). CONCLUSIONS Hemiparetic muscle capillarization is reduced after stroke, and reduced capillarization is associated with glucose intolerance in stroke and control subjects. Interventions to increase skeletal muscle capillarization may prove beneficial for improving glucose metabolism in chronic stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Prior
- Baltimore Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hsu MC, Wang TS, Liu YP, Liu CF. Effects of Baduanjin exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidant status and improving quality of life among middle-aged women. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2009; 36:815-26. [PMID: 19051349 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x08006260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Baduanjin exercise on oxidative stress, antioxidant status and quality of life in middle-aged women. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Subjects were 31 middle-aged women. Subjects completed a supervised and standardized Baduanjin exercise program 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured and determined by using a spectrophotometer for oxidative stress. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured for the antioxidant status. A 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to evaluate changes in quality of life. All outcome measures were collected before intervention and at the end of a 12-week intervention. The results suggest that there are significant differences in serum SOD level with Baduanjin exercise. SOD level was significantly increased after exercise (p < 0.05). Baduanjin exercise contributed significantly to antioxidant status on these samples. However, a reduction in MDA level was observed. The t-test value was 2.03 with a p-value of 0.052. The changes may be meaningful at a 5% level. There are significant improvements in quality of life after the exercise program. Subjects had greater improvements in 4 dimensions of SF-36, namely physical function, body pain, social function and general mental health (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Baduanjin exercise has beneficial effects on improving quality of life, increasing antioxidant enzymes and reducing oxidative stress in middle-aged women. Reduction of MDA level may be more attributable to the increase in the antioxidant enzyme SOD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Hsu
- Department of Nursing, I-Shou University, Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Obesity occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure over a protracted period of time. The energy expenditure associated with everyday activity is called NEAT (Nonexercise activity thermogenesis). NEAT varies between two people of similar size by 2000 kcal day(-1) because of people's different occupations and leisure-time activities. Data support the central hypothesis that NEAT is pivotal in the regulation of human energy expenditure and body weight regulation and that NEAT is important for understanding the cause and effective treatment for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Levine
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 5590, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Orsini N, Bellocco R, Bottai M, Pagano M, Wolk A. Correlates of total physical activity among middle-aged and elderly women. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2007; 4:16. [PMID: 17498295 PMCID: PMC1876468 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on correlates of total physical activity (PA) levels among middle-aged and elderly women is limited. This article aims to investigate whether total daily PA levels are associated with age, body mass index, smoking, drinking status, and sociodemographic factors. In a cross-sectional study of 38,988 women between the ages of 48 and 83 years residing in central Sweden, information on PA, weight, height, smoking, drinking, and sociodemographic factors was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Total daily PA levels were measured as metabolic equivalents (MET-h/day). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by ordinal logistic regression models. We observed decreasing level of total PA with increasing age (for 5-year increase: OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.85-0.89) and body mass index (for 5-unit, kg/m2, increase: OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.79-0.84). Multivariable adjusted correlates of total PA level were smoking (current vs. never: OR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79-0.88), drinking (current vs. never: OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.94), educational level (university vs. primary: OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.51-0.58), employment status (housewife vs. full-work: OR = 2.59; 95% CI: 2.25-2.98), and childhood environment (city vs. countryside: OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.59-0.65). In the present investigation, among middle-aged and elderly women, the likelihood of engaging in higher total daily PA levels decreased with age, body mass index, educational level, smoking, drinking, and growing up in urban places.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Orsini
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Rino Bellocco
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Department of Statistics, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Marcello Pagano
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|