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Anversa RG, Maddern XJ, Lawrence AJ, Walker LC. Orphan peptide and G protein-coupled receptor signalling in alcohol use disorder. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:595-609. [PMID: 38073127 PMCID: PMC10953447 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have long been, and continue to be, one of the most popular target classes for drug discovery in CNS disorders, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Yet, orphaned neuropeptide systems and receptors (oGPCR), which have no known cognate receptor or ligand, remain understudied in drug discovery and development. Orphan neuropeptides and oGPCRs are abundantly expressed within the brain and represent an unprecedented opportunity to address brain function and may hold potential as novel treatments for disease. Here, we describe the current literature regarding orphaned neuropeptides and oGPCRs implicated in AUD. Specifically, in this review, we focus on the orphaned neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), and several oGPCRs that have been directly implicated in AUD (GPR6, GPR26, GPR88, GPR139, GPR158) and discuss their potential and pitfalls as novel treatments, and progress in identifying their cognate receptors or ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Goncalves Anversa
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Xavier J. Maddern
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Andrew J. Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Leigh C. Walker
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
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2
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Liu P, Shen H, Zhang Q, Zhou L, Bai X, Zhang T. Inhibition of reinstatement of alcohol-induced conditioned place preference in mice by Lonicera japonica polysaccharide. Food Funct 2022; 13:8643-8651. [PMID: 35899807 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01719a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most commonly used addictive substances. Addiction memory is a necessary part of the mechanism underlying drug addiction. Lonicera japonica and its extract can mitigate organ damage caused by alcohol. In this study, Lonicera japonica polysaccharide (LJP) was extracted, and its effect on alcohol addiction memory was investigated. LJP inhibited the cue-induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference and elevated Tuj1 and DCX levels in the hippocampus to suppress neuronal damage. LJP also reduced the hippocampal glutamate (Glu) levels, alcohol-induced abnormal enhancement of the addiction memory, and decreased VPS34 phosphorylation and hyper activation of autophagy pathways in the hippocampus of alcohol-dependent mice. Our results suggest that LJP is a potential functional food to treat or ameliorate alcohol-induced addiction and that VPS34 is a potential target for modulating alcohol cravings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Hengyan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China. .,Department of Clinical pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Qiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China. .,Department of Clinical pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Limei Zhou
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China.
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3
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Wu L, Zhang Y, Ren J. Epigenetic modification in alcohol use disorder and alcoholic cardiomyopathy: From pathophysiology to therapeutic opportunities. Metabolism 2021; 125:154909. [PMID: 34627873 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption prompts detrimental psychological, pathophysiological and health issues, representing one of the major causes of death worldwide. Alcohol use disorder (AUD), which is characterized by compulsive alcohol intake and loss of control over alcohol usage, arises from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. More importantly, long-term abuse of alcohol is often tied with unfavorable cardiac remodeling and contractile alterations, a cadre of cardiac responses collectively known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Recent evidence has denoted a pivotal role for ethanol-triggered epigenetic modifications, the interface between genome and environmental cues, in the organismal and cellular responses to ethanol exposure. To-date, three major epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-based mechanisms) have been identified for the onset and development of AUD and ACM. Importantly, these epigenetic changes induced by alcohol may be detectable in the blood, thus offering diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic promises of epigenetic markers for AUD and alcoholic complications. In addition, several epigenetic drugs have shown efficacies in the management of alcohol abuse, loss of control for alcohol usage, relapse, drinking-related anxiety and behavior in withdrawal. In this context, medications targeting epigenetic modifications may hold promises for pharmaceutical management of AUD and ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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4
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Trujillo V, Macchione AF, Albrecht PA, Virgolini MB, Molina JC. Learning experiences comprising central ethanol exposure in rat neonates: Impact upon respiratory plasticity and the activity of brain catalase. Alcohol 2020; 88:11-27. [PMID: 32615265 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fetal ethanol exposure represents a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome, and the respiratory effects of fetal ethanol exposure promote hypoxic ischemic consequences. This study analyzes central ethanol's effects upon breathing plasticity during an ontogenetic stage equivalent to the human third gestational trimester. Ethanol's unconditioned breathing effects and their intervention in learning processes were examined. Since central ethanol is primarily metabolized via the catalase system, we also examined the effects of early history with the drug upon this system. During postnatal days 3, 5, and 7 (PDs 3-7), pups were intracisternally administered with vehicle or ethanol (300 mg%). They were tested in a plethysmograph scented or not scented with ethanol odor. The state of intoxication attenuated the onset of apneas, a phenomenon that is suggestive of ethanol's anxiolytic effects given the state of arousal caused by the novel environment and the stress of ethanol administration. At PD9, pups were evaluated when sober under sequential air conditions (initial-normoxia, hypoxia, and recovery-normoxia), with or without the presence of ethanol odor. Initial apneic episodes increased when ethanol intoxication was previously associated with the odor. Pups then ingested ethanol, and brain catalase activity was determined. Pre-exposure to ethanol intoxication paired with the odor of the drug resulted in heightened enzymatic activity. Central ethanol exposure appears to exert antianxiety effects that attenuate apneic disruptions. However, during withdrawal, the cues associated with such effects elicit an opposite reaction. The activity of the catalase system was also dependent upon learning processes that involved the association of environmental stimuli and ethanol intoxication.
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5
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Shabani Z, Jafarzadeh Gharehziaaddin M. Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Alcohol Use Disorder on the Fate Determination of Newly Born Neurons in the Hippocampus. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:598-602. [PMID: 32814954 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, new functional neurons are generated throughout life because of sustained proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). The subventricular zone (SVZ), lining the lateral ventricle, and the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus are the two major neurogenic regions in the adult brain. This process is not fixed but is highly modulated by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Neurogenesis has become in the focus of interest for its involvement in repairing the damaged brain and this motivates researchers to detect controlling mechanisms of this process. Recent evidence suggests that alcohol usage can directly influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but its mechanisms remain a matter for debate. Thus, this review summarizes in vivo/in vitro studies on the role of alcohol in hippocampal neurogenesis during adulthood and clarifies its underlying mechanisms by highlighting neurotransmitters and their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shabani
- Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Azadi Avenue, Tabriz 51656-87386, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Azadi Avenue, Tabriz 51666-14756, Iran
| | - Mohsen Jafarzadeh Gharehziaaddin
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, No 2, Bakeri Blvd, Tabriz 51666-14756, Iran
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6
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Parise LF, Sial OK, Warren BL, Sattler CR, Duperrouzel JC, Parise EM, Bolaños-Guzmán CA. Nicotine treatment buffers negative behavioral consequences induced by exposure to physical and emotional stress in adolescent male mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:3125-3137. [PMID: 32594187 PMCID: PMC7819755 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress influences adult psychopathology and is associated with an increase in the propensity for drug use/seeking throughout the lifespan. Animal models corroborate that stress exposure exacerbates maladaptive reactivity to stressful stimuli while also shifting the rewarding properties of many drugs of abuse, including nicotine (NIC), a stimulant commonly misused by adolescents. Interestingly, NIC treatment can also normalize some stress-induced behavioral deficits in adult rodents; however, little is known about NIC's therapeutic efficacy following stress experienced during adolescence. The goal of the following experiments was to elucidate NIC's ability to buffer the negative consequences of stress exposure, and to further assess behavioral responsivity while on the drug. Given that stress often occurs in both physical and non-physical forms, we employed the vicarious social defeat stress (VSDS) model which allows for investigation of both physical (PS) and emotional stress (ES) exposure. After 10 days, exposure to PS and ES decreased interaction with a social target in the social interaction test (SIT), confirming social avoidance. Groups were further divided and given NIC (0.0 or 160 mg/L) in their drinking water. After 1 month of NIC consumption, the mice were exposed to the SIT, elevated plus maze (EPM), and the forced swim test (FST), respectively. NIC-treated mice showed a reversal of stress-induced deficits in the EPM and FST. Surprisingly, the mice did not show improvement in the SIT regardless of treatment condition. Together, these data confirm NIC's ability to normalize some stress-induced behavioral deficits; however, NIC's effects on social behavior need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyonna F Parise
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4325 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Omar K Sial
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4325 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Brandon L Warren
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Carley R Sattler
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4325 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jacqueline C Duperrouzel
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Eric M Parise
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carlos A Bolaños-Guzmán
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4325 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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7
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Zhao Y, Wu H, Xing X, Ma Y, Ji S, Xu X, Zhao X, Wang S, Jiang W, Fang C, Zhang L, Yan F, Wang X. CD13 Induces Autophagy to Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Chemoresistance Through the P38/Hsp27/CREB/ATG7 Pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:512-520. [PMID: 32571958 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.265637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious problem that directly hinders the effect of chemotherapeutic agents. We previously reported that Aminopeptidase N (CD13) inhibition can enhance the cytotoxic efficacy of chemotherapy agents. In the present study, we use liver cancer cells to explore the molecular mechanism accounting for the relationship between CD13 and chemoresistance. We demonstrate that CD13 overexpression activates the P38/heat shock protein 27/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway to limit the efficacy of cytotoxic agents. Moreover, blockade of P38 or CREB sensitizes HCC cells to 5-fluorouracil. Then we reveal that CREB binds to the autophagy related 7 (ATG7) promoter to induce autophagy and promote HCC cell chemoresistance. CD13 inhibition also downregulates the expression of ATG7, autophagy, and tumor cell growth in vivo. Overall, the combination a CD13 inhibitor and chemotherapeutic agents may be a potential strategy for overcoming drug resistance in HCC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our study demonstrates that Aminopeptidase N (CD13) promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell chemoresistance via the P38/heat shock protein 27/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway. CREB regulates autophagy related 7 transcription and expression to induce autophagy. Our results collectively suggest that CD13 may serve as a potential target for overcoming HCC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China (Y.Z., H.W., X.Xi., Y.M., S.J., X.Xu., X.Z., S.W., W.J., C.F., L.Z., F.Y., X.W.) and Department of pharmacy, Southwestern Lu Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (H.W.)
| | - Huina Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China (Y.Z., H.W., X.Xi., Y.M., S.J., X.Xu., X.Z., S.W., W.J., C.F., L.Z., F.Y., X.W.) and Department of pharmacy, Southwestern Lu Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (H.W.)
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China (Y.Z., H.W., X.Xi., Y.M., S.J., X.Xu., X.Z., S.W., W.J., C.F., L.Z., F.Y., X.W.) and Department of pharmacy, Southwestern Lu Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (H.W.)
| | - Yuqian Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China (Y.Z., H.W., X.Xi., Y.M., S.J., X.Xu., X.Z., S.W., W.J., C.F., L.Z., F.Y., X.W.) and Department of pharmacy, Southwestern Lu Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (H.W.)
| | - Shengping Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China (Y.Z., H.W., X.Xi., Y.M., S.J., X.Xu., X.Z., S.W., W.J., C.F., L.Z., F.Y., X.W.) and Department of pharmacy, Southwestern Lu Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (H.W.)
| | - Xinyue Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China (Y.Z., H.W., X.Xi., Y.M., S.J., X.Xu., X.Z., S.W., W.J., C.F., L.Z., F.Y., X.W.) and Department of pharmacy, Southwestern Lu Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (H.W.)
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China (Y.Z., H.W., X.Xi., Y.M., S.J., X.Xu., X.Z., S.W., W.J., C.F., L.Z., F.Y., X.W.) and Department of pharmacy, Southwestern Lu Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (H.W.)
| | - Sensen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China (Y.Z., H.W., X.Xi., Y.M., S.J., X.Xu., X.Z., S.W., W.J., C.F., L.Z., F.Y., X.W.) and Department of pharmacy, Southwestern Lu Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (H.W.)
| | - Wenyan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China (Y.Z., H.W., X.Xi., Y.M., S.J., X.Xu., X.Z., S.W., W.J., C.F., L.Z., F.Y., X.W.) and Department of pharmacy, Southwestern Lu Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (H.W.)
| | - Chunyan Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China (Y.Z., H.W., X.Xi., Y.M., S.J., X.Xu., X.Z., S.W., W.J., C.F., L.Z., F.Y., X.W.) and Department of pharmacy, Southwestern Lu Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (H.W.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China (Y.Z., H.W., X.Xi., Y.M., S.J., X.Xu., X.Z., S.W., W.J., C.F., L.Z., F.Y., X.W.) and Department of pharmacy, Southwestern Lu Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (H.W.)
| | - Fang Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China (Y.Z., H.W., X.Xi., Y.M., S.J., X.Xu., X.Z., S.W., W.J., C.F., L.Z., F.Y., X.W.) and Department of pharmacy, Southwestern Lu Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (H.W.)
| | - Xuejian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China (Y.Z., H.W., X.Xi., Y.M., S.J., X.Xu., X.Z., S.W., W.J., C.F., L.Z., F.Y., X.W.) and Department of pharmacy, Southwestern Lu Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (H.W.)
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8
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Bagherpasand N, Mehri S, Jafari Shahroudi M, Tabatabai SM, Khezri A, Fathi M, Abnous K, Imenshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Effect of Topiramate on Morphine-induced Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) in Rats: Role of ERK and CREB Proteins in Hippocampus and Cerebral Cortex. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 18:2000-2010. [PMID: 32184865 PMCID: PMC7059042 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of topiramate, as an antiepileptic drug, was evaluated on morphine craving in rats. The conditioned place preference (CPP) test was used for this purpose. Repeated administration of morphine (10 mg/kg, i.p. for 4 days) induced significant CPP. Administration of topiramate (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p. for 4 days) with each morphine administration decreased the acquisition of morphine-induced CPP. At the next step, the levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-ERK, cAMP responsive element binding (CREB), and p-CREB proteins were evaluated in hippocampus and cerebral cortex using western blot analysis. Following the repeated administration of morphine, the level of p-ERK protein markedly enhanced in both tissues, while topiramate could significantly reduce the phosphorylation of ERK in these brain regions. Additionally, the level of CREB and p-CREB proteins did not change in different groups. Memantine as a positive control reduced the acquisition of morphine-induced CPP. Also, memantine significantly decreased the level of p-ERK protein in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. These results demonstrated that topiramate can attenuate the acquisition of morphine-induced CPP in rats. This effect in part can be mediated through down regulation of p-ERK protein in hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Bagherpasand
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Jafari Shahroudi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Meghdad Tabatabai
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Khezri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fathi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Duan S, Ma Y, Xie L, Zheng L, Huang J, Guo R, Sun Z, Xie Y, Lv J, Lin Z, Ma S. Effects of Chronic Ephedrine Toxicity on Functional Connections, Cell Apoptosis, and CREB-Related Proteins in the Prefrontal Cortex of Rhesus Monkeys. Neurotox Res 2020; 37:602-615. [PMID: 31858422 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ephedrine abuse has spread in many parts of the world, severely threatening human health. The mechanism of ephedrine toxicity is still unclear. To explore the possible neural mechanisms of ephedrine toxicity, this study established a non-human primate model of ephedrine exposure, analyzed the functional connectivity changes in its prefrontal cortex through resting state BOLD-fMRI, and then inspected the pathophysiological changes as well as the expression of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB), phosphorylated CREB (P-CREB), and CREB target proteins (c-fos and fosB) in the prefrontal cortex. After ephedrine toxicity, we found that the prefrontal cortex of monkeys strengthened its functional connectivity with the brain regions that perform motivation, drive, reward, and learning and memory functions and weakened its functional connectivity with the brain regions that perform cognitive control. These results suggest that ephedrine toxicity causes abnormal neural circuits that lead to the amplification and enhancement of drug-related cues and the weakening and damage of cognitive control function. Histology showed that the neurocytotoxicity of ephedrine can cause neuronal degeneration and apoptosis. Real-time PCR and Western blot showed increased expression of CREB mRNA and CREB/P-CREB/c-fos/fosB protein in the prefrontal cortex after ephedrine toxicity. Collectively, the present study indicates that the enhancement of drug-related cues and the weakening of cognitive control caused by abnormal neural circuits after drug exposure may be a major mechanism of brain function changes caused by ephedrine. These histological and molecular changes may be the pathophysiological basis of brain function changes caused by ephedrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxing Duan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Ma
- Department of Linguistics & Languages, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lei Xie
- Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhuang Huang
- Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiwei Guo
- Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongbo Sun
- Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xie
- Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyao Lv
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Lin
- Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Macht V, Crews FT, Vetreno RP. Neuroimmune and epigenetic mechanisms underlying persistent loss of hippocampal neurogenesis following adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 50:9-16. [PMID: 31778865 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse and binge drinking are common during adolescence - a maturational period characterized by heightened hippocampal neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Preclinical rodent models of adolescent binge drinking (i.e., adolescent intermittent ethanol [AIE]) find unique vulnerability of adolescent hippocampal neurogenesis with reductions persisting into adulthood after ethanol cessation. Recent discoveries implicate increased neuroimmune signaling and decreased neurotrophic support through epigenetic mechanisms in the persistent AIE-induced loss of neurogenesis. Importantly, interventions aimed at rectifying the increased neuroimmune signaling and neurotrophic-epigenetic modifications through physical activity, anti-inflammatory drugs, and histone deacetylase inhibitors protect and recover the loss of neurogenesis and cognitive deficits. The mechanisms underlying the persistent AIE-induced loss of adult hippocampal neurogenesis could contribute to broader neurodegeneration, loss of hippocampal neuroplasticity, and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Macht
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Fulton T Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Ryan P Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
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11
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Béracochéa D, Mons N, David V. Targeting the Glucocorticoid Receptors During Alcohol Withdrawal to Reduce Protracted Neurocognitive Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:580. [PMID: 31620025 PMCID: PMC6759466 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent regional glucocorticoid (GC) dysregulation in alcohol-withdrawn subjects emerges as a key factor responsible for protracted molecular and neural alterations associated with long-term cognitive dysfunction. Regional brain concentrations of corticosterone vary independently from plasma concentrations in alcohol-withdrawn subjects, which may account for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal-induced persistent pathology. Thus, from a pharmacological point of view, a main issue remains to determine the relative efficacy of compounds targeting the GC receptors to attenuate or suppress the long-lasting persistence of brain regional GC dysfunctions in abstinent alcoholics, as well as persistent changes of neural plasticity. Data from animal research show that acting directly on GC receptors during the withdrawal period, via selective antagonists, can significantly counteract the development and persistence of cognitive and neural plasticity disorders during protracted abstinence. A critical remaining issue is to better assess the relative long-term efficacy of GC antagonists and other compounds targeting the corticotropic axis activity such as gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) and GABAB agonists. Indeed, benzodiazepines (acting indirectly on GABAA receptors) and baclofen (agonist of the GABAB receptor) are the compounds most widely used to reduce alcohol dependence. Clinical and preclinical data suggest that baclofen exerts an effective and more powerful counteracting action on such persistent cognitive and endocrine dysfunctions as compared to diazepam, even though its potential negative effects on memory processes, particularly at high doses, should be better taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Béracochéa
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Pessac, France.,CNRS UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Pessac, France
| | - Nicole Mons
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Pessac, France.,CNRS UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Pessac, France
| | - Vincent David
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Pessac, France.,CNRS UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, Pessac, France
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12
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Ciafrè S, Carito V, Ferraguti G, Greco A, Chaldakov GN, Fiore M, Ceccanti M. How alcohol drinking affects our genes: an epigenetic point of view. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:345-356. [PMID: 30412425 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This work highlights recent studies in epigenetic mechanisms that play a role in alcoholism, which is a complex multifactorial disorder. There is a large body of evidence showing that alcohol can modify gene expression through epigenetic processes, namely DNA methylation and nucleosomal remodeling via histone modifications. In that regard, chronic exposure to ethanol modifies DNA and histone methylation, histone acetylation, and microRNA expression. The alcohol-mediated chromatin remodeling in the brain promotes the transition from use to abuse and addiction. Unravelling the multiplex pattern of molecular modifications induced by ethanol could support the development of new therapies for alcoholism and drug addiction targeting epigenetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Ciafrè
- a Institute of Translational Pharmacology, IFT-CNR, 100 via del Fosso del Cavaliere, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Valentina Carito
- b Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, IBCN-CNR, c/o Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155 (00161), Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- c Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155 (00161), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- d Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155 (00161), Rome, Italy
| | - George N Chaldakov
- e Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University, BG-9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Marco Fiore
- b Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, IBCN-CNR, c/o Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155 (00161), Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- f Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155 (00161), Rome, Italy
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13
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Wen RT, Liang JH, Zhang HT. Targeting Phosphodiesterases in Pharmacotherapy for Substance Dependence. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 17:413-444. [PMID: 28956341 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Substance dependence is a chronic relapsing brain disorder associated with adaptational changes in synaptic plasticity and neuronal functions. The high levels of substance consumption and relapse rate suggest more reliable medications are in need to better address the underlying causes of this disease. It has been well established that the intracellular second messengers cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) and their signaling systems play an important role in the molecular mechanisms of substance taking behaviors. On this basis, the phosphodiesterase (PDE) superfamily, which crucially controls cyclic nucleotide levels by catalyzing their hydrolysis, has been proposed as a novel class of therapeutic targets for substance use disorders. This chapter reviews the expression patterns of PDEs in the brain with regard to neural structures underlying the dependent process and highlights available evidence for a modulatory role of PDEs in substance dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ting Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jian-Hui Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271016, China.
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14
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Bohnsack JP, Patel VK, Morrow AL. Ethanol Exposure Regulates Gabra1 Expression via Histone Deacetylation at the Promoter in Cultured Cortical Neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 363:1-11. [PMID: 28798030 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.242446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptors (GABAA-Rs) mediate the majority of inhibitory neurotransmission in the adult brain. The α1-containing GABAA-Rs are the most prominent subtype in the adult brain and are important in both homeostatic function and several disease pathologies including alcohol dependence, epilepsy, and stress. Ethanol exposure causes a decrease of α1 transcription and peptide expression both in vivo and in vitro, but the mechanism that controls the transcriptional regulation is unknown. Because ethanol is known to activate epigenetic regulation of gene expression, we tested the hypothesis that ethanol regulates α1 expression through histone modifications in cerebral cortical cultured neurons. We found that class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate ethanol-induced changes in α1 gene and protein expression as pharmacologic inhibition or knockdown of HDAC1-3 prevents the effects of ethanol exposure. Targeted histone acetylation associated with the Gabra1 promoter using CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat) dCas9-P300 (a nuclease-null Cas9 fused with a histone acetyltransferase) increases histone acetylation and prevents the decrease of Gabra1 expression. In contrast, there was no effect of a mutant histone acetyltransferase or generic transcriptional activator or targeting P300 to a distant exon. Conversely, using a dCas9-KRAB construct that increases repressive methylation (H3K9me3) does not interfere with ethanol-induced histone deacetylation. Overall our results indicate that ethanol deacetylates histones associated with the Gabra1 promoter through class I HDACs and that pharmacologic, genetic, or epigenetic intervention prevents decreases in α1 expression in cultured cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Peyton Bohnsack
- Department of Pharmacology (J.P.B., A.L.M.), Department of Psychiatry (A.L.M.), and Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (J.P.B., V.K.P., A.L.M.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Vraj K Patel
- Department of Pharmacology (J.P.B., A.L.M.), Department of Psychiatry (A.L.M.), and Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (J.P.B., V.K.P., A.L.M.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - A Leslie Morrow
- Department of Pharmacology (J.P.B., A.L.M.), Department of Psychiatry (A.L.M.), and Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (J.P.B., V.K.P., A.L.M.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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15
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Topiramate via NMDA, AMPA/kainate, GABA A and Alpha2 receptors and by modulation of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 signaling pathway exerts neuroprotective effects against methylphenidate-induced neurotoxicity in rats. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:1369-1387. [PMID: 28795276 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic abuse of methylphenidate (MPH) often causes neuronal cell death. Topiramate (TPM) carries neuroprotective effects, but its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, the role of various doses of TPM and its possible mechanisms, receptors and signaling pathways involved against MPH-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration were evaluated in vivo. Thus, domoic acid (DOM) was used as AMPA/kainate receptor agonist, bicuculline (BIC) as GABAA receptor antagonist, ketamine (KET) as NMDA receptor antagonist, yohimbine (YOH) as α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist and haloperidol (HAL) was used as dopamine D2 receptor antagonist. Open field test (OFT) was used to investigate the disturbances in motor activity. Hippocampal neurodegenerative parameters were evaluated. Protein expressions of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways were also evaluated. Cresyl violet staining was performed to show and confirm the changes in the shape of the cells. TPM (70 and 100 mg/kg) reduced MPH-induced rise in lipid peroxidation, oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG), IL-1β and TNF-α levels, Bax expression and motor activity disturbances. In addition, TPM treatment increased Bcl-2 expression, the level of reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and the levels and activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes. TPM also inhibited MPH-induced hippocampal degeneration. Pretreatment of animals with DOM, BIC, KET and YOH inhibited TPM-induced neuroprotection and increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuroapoptosis and neurodegeneration while reducing CREB, BDNF and Akt protein expressions. Also pretreatment with DOM, BIC, KET and YOH inhibited TPM-induced decreases in GSK3. It can be concluded that the mentioned receptors by modulation of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 pathways, are involved in neuroprotection of TPM against MPH-induced neurodegeneration.
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16
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Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M, Abdollahi M, Heidari M, Madjd Z. Topiramate Confers Neuroprotection Against Methylphenidate-Induced Neurodegeneration in Dentate Gyrus and CA1 Regions of Hippocampus via CREB/BDNF Pathway in Rats. Neurotox Res 2017; 31:373-399. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Hwang JY, Kim JS, Oh JH, Hong SI, Ma SX, Jung YH, Ko YH, Lee SY, Kim HC, Jang CG. The new stimulant designer compound pentedrone exhibits rewarding properties and affects dopaminergic activity. Addict Biol 2017; 22:117-128. [PMID: 26290055 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cathinone derivatives are new recreational drugs known to produce psychostimulant effects. However, unlike other psychostimulants, the addictive potential of cathinone derivatives has not been widely studied. Here, we investigated the effects of pentedrone, a type of cathinone derivative, on the dopaminergic system using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. We also evaluated the addictive potential of pentedrone using conditioned place preference and self-administration. We found that pentedrone increased the mRNA expression of dopamine 1 receptor, dopamine 2 receptor and dopamine transporter, as well as induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein in PC-12 cells. Additionally, pentedrone at 3 and 10 mg/kg significantly increased conditioned place preference in mice, while pentedrone at 0.3 mg/kg/infusion significantly increased self-administration in rats. Finally, we found that acute administration of pentedrone enhanced locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these data suggest that the addictive properties of pentedrone may be due to its effects on the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Korea
| | - Sa-Ik Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Korea
| | - Shi-Xun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Korea
| | - Yang-Hee Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neurotoxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Korea Institute of Drug Abuse; Kangwon National University; Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Korea
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18
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Sakharkar AJ, Vetreno RP, Zhang H, Kokare DM, Crews FT, Pandey SC. A role for histone acetylation mechanisms in adolescent alcohol exposure-induced deficits in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and neurogenesis markers in adulthood. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:4691-4703. [PMID: 26941165 PMCID: PMC5010799 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking during adolescence is a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders that can develop later in life. Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic mechanism that contributes to neurodevelopment. We investigated the effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure, as opposed to normal saline (AIS) exposure, on histone acetylation-mediated regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and developmental stages of neurogenesis (proliferating and immature neurons) in the hippocampus in adulthood. AIE exposure increased whole hippocampal histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and decreased binding protein of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CBP) and histone H3-K9 acetylation levels in the CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. BDNF protein and exon IV mRNA levels in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus of AIE-exposed adult rats were decreased as compared to AIS-exposed adult rats. AIE-induced anxiety-like behaviors and deficits in histone H3 acetylation at BDNF exon IV promoter in the hippocampus during adulthood, which were reversed by treatment with the HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA). Similarly, neurogenesis was inhibited by AIE in adulthood as demonstrated by the decrease in Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells in the dentate gyrus, which was normalized by TSA treatment. These results indicate that AIE exposure increases HDACs and decreases CBP levels that may be associated with a decrease in histone H3 acetylation in the hippocampus. These epigenetic changes potentially decrease BDNF expression and inhibit neurogenesis in the hippocampus that may be involved in AIE-induced behavioral abnormalities, including anxiety, in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amul J Sakharkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics (CARE), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street (m/c 912), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ryan P Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Huaibo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics (CARE), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street (m/c 912), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dadasaheb M Kokare
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics (CARE), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street (m/c 912), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Fulton T Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Subhash C Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics (CARE), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street (m/c 912), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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19
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Akinfiresoye LR, Miranda C, Lovinger DM, N'Gouemo P. Alcohol Withdrawal Increases Protein Kinase A Activity in the Rat Inferior Colliculus. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:2359-2367. [PMID: 27716957 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is a key target for the action of alcohol and may therefore play a role in the pathophysiology of alcohol withdrawal seizures (AWSs). Here, we investigated the role of PKA activity with respect to increased seizure susceptibility in rats that were subjected to alcohol withdrawal. METHODS Adult male Sprague Dawley rats received 3 daily doses of ethanol (EtOH) (or vehicle) for 4 consecutive days. Rats were then tested for susceptibility to acoustically evoked AWSs 3, 24, and 48 hours after the last alcohol dose. In separate experiments, the inferior colliculus (IC) was collected at these same time points from rats subjected to alcohol withdrawal and control rats following alcohol withdrawal. PKA activity, catalytic Cα (PKACα ) protein, regulatory RIIα (PKARIIα ) protein, and RIIβ (PKARIIβ ) protein were measured in the IC. Lastly, in situ pharmacological studies were performed to evaluate whether inhibiting PKA activity in the IC suppressed AWSs. RESULTS In the EtOH-treated group, AWSs were observed at the 24-hour time point, but not at the 3-hour or 48-hour time points. In the IC, PKA activity was significantly higher both 3 hours (i.e., before AWS susceptibility) and 24 hours after the last alcohol dose (when AWS susceptibility peaked) than in control rats. Consistent with these findings, protein levels of the PKACα subunit were significantly increased in the IC both 3 and 24 hours after the last alcohol dose. Lastly, in situ inhibition of PKA activity within the IC suppressed AWSs. CONCLUSIONS The increase in PKA activity and PKACα protein expression in the IC preceded the occurrence of AWSs, and inhibiting PKA activity within the IC suppressed acoustically evoked AWSs. Together, these findings suggest that altered PKA activity plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AWSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luli R Akinfiresoye
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Clive Miranda
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Prosper N'Gouemo
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
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20
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Neuroprotective effects of various doses of topiramate against methylphenidate-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in isolated rat amygdala: the possible role of CREB/BDNF signaling pathway. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:1463-1477. [PMID: 27665547 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) abuse damages brain cells. The neuroprotective effects of topiramate (TPM) have been reported previously, but its exact mechanism of action still remains unclear. This study investigated the in vivo role of various doses of TPM in the protection of rat amygdala cells against methylphenidate-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Seventy adult male rats were divided into seven groups. Groups 1 and 2 received normal saline (0.7 ml/rat) and MPH (10 mg/kg), respectively, for 21 days. Groups 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were concurrently treated with MPH (10 mg/kg) and TPM (10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 mg/kg), respectively, for 21 days. elevated plus maze (EPM) was used to assess motor activity disturbances. In addition, oxidative, antioxidantand inflammatory factors and CREB, Ak1, CAMK4, MAPK3, PKA, BDNF, and c FOS gene levels were measured by RT-PCR, and also, CREB and BDNF protein levels were measured by WB in isolated amygdalae. MPH significantly disturbed motor activity and TPM (70 and 100 mg/kg) neutralized its effects. MPH significantly increased lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial GSSG levels and IL-1β and TNF-α level and CAMK4 gene expression in isolated amygdala cells. In contrast, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities and CREB, BDNF Ak1, MAPK3, PKA, BDNF, and c FOS expression significantly decreased. The various doses of TPM attenuated these effects of MPH. It seems that TPM can be used as a neuroprotective agent and is a good candidate against MPH-induced neurodegeneration.
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21
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Etiological theories of addiction: A comprehensive update on neurobiological, genetic and behavioural vulnerability. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 148:59-68. [PMID: 27306332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, about 246 million people around the world have used an illicit drug. The reasons for this use are multiple: e.g. to augment the sensation of pleasure or to reduce the withdrawal and other aversive effects of a given substance. This raises the problem of addiction, which remains a disease of modern society. This review offers a comprehensive update of the different theories about the etiology of addictive behaviors with emphasis on the neurobiological, environmental, psychopathological, behavioural and genetic aspects of addictions, discussed from an evolutionary perspective. The main conclusion of this review is that vulnerability to drug addiction suggests an interaction between many brain systems (including the reward, decision-making, serotonergic, oxytocin, interoceptive insula, CRF, norepinephrine, dynorphin/KOR, orexin and vasopressin systems), genetic predisposition, sociocultural context, impulsivity and drugs types. Further advances in biological and psychological science are needed to address the problems of addiction at its roots.
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22
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Bell RL, Hauser S, Rodd ZA, Liang T, Sari Y, McClintick J, Rahman S, Engleman EA. A Genetic Animal Model of Alcoholism for Screening Medications to Treat Addiction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 126:179-261. [PMID: 27055615 PMCID: PMC4851471 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to present up-to-date pharmacological, genetic, and behavioral findings from the alcohol-preferring P rat and summarize similar past work. Behaviorally, the focus will be on how the P rat meets criteria put forth for a valid animal model of alcoholism with a highlight on its use as an animal model of polysubstance abuse, including alcohol, nicotine, and psychostimulants. Pharmacologically and genetically, the focus will be on the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems that have received the most attention: cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, corticotrophin releasing hormone, opioid, and neuropeptide Y. Herein, we sought to place the P rat's behavioral and neurochemical phenotypes, and to some extent its genotype, in the context of the clinical literature. After reviewing the findings thus far, this chapter discusses future directions for expanding the use of this genetic animal model of alcoholism to identify molecular targets for treating drug addiction in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Bell
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - S Hauser
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Z A Rodd
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - T Liang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Y Sari
- University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - J McClintick
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - S Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - E A Engleman
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Mons N, Beracochea D. Behavioral Neuroadaptation to Alcohol: From Glucocorticoids to Histone Acetylation. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:165. [PMID: 27766083 PMCID: PMC5052254 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A prime mechanism that contributes to the development and maintenance of alcoholism is the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and the release of glucocorticoids (cortisol in humans and primates, corticosterone in rodents) from the adrenal glands. In the brain, sustained, local elevation of glucocorticoid concentration even long after cessation of chronic alcohol consumption compromises functional integrity of a circuit, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the hippocampus (HPC), and the amygdala (AMG). These structures are implicated in learning and memory processes as well as in orchestrating neuroadaptive responses to stress and anxiety responses. Thus, potentiation of anxiety-related neuroadaptation by alcohol is characterized by an abnormally AMG hyperactivity coupled with a hypofunction of the PFC and the HPC. This review describes research on molecular and epigenetic mechanisms by which alcohol causes distinct region-specific adaptive changes in gene expression patterns and ultimately leads to a variety of cognitive and behavioral impairments on prefrontal- and hippocampal-based tasks. Alcohol-induced neuroadaptations involve the dysregulation of numerous signaling cascades, leading to long-term changes in transcriptional profiles of genes, through the actions of transcription factors such as [cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)] and chromatin remodeling due to posttranslational modifications of histone proteins. We describe the role of prefrontal-HPC-AMG circuit in mediating the effects of acute and chronic alcohol on learning and memory, and region-specific molecular and epigenetic mechanisms involved in this process. This review first discusses the importance of brain region-specific dysregulation of glucocorticoid concentration in the development of alcohol dependence and describes how persistently increased glucocorticoid levels in PFC may be involved in mediating working memory impairments and neuroadaptive changes during withdrawal from chronic alcohol intake. It then highlights the role of cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling cascade and histone acetylation within the PFC and limbic structures in alcohol-induced anxiety and behavioral impairments, and how an understanding of functional alterations of these pathways might lead to better treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mons
- CNRS UMR 5287, Institut des Neurosciences cognitives et intégratives d'Aquitaine, Nouvelle Université de Bordeaux , Pessac , France
| | - Daniel Beracochea
- CNRS UMR 5287, Institut des Neurosciences cognitives et intégratives d'Aquitaine, Nouvelle Université de Bordeaux , Pessac , France
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Liu M, Fan R, Liu X, Cheng F, Wang J. Pathways and networks-based analysis of candidate genes associated with nicotine addiction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127438. [PMID: 25965070 PMCID: PMC4429103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is the addictive substance in tobacco and it has a broad impact on both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Over the past decades, an increasing number of genes potentially involved in nicotine addiction have been identified by different technical approaches. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction remain largely unclear. Under such situation, a comprehensive analysis focusing on the overall functional characteristics of these genes, as well as how they interact with each other will provide us valuable information to understand nicotine addiction. In this study, we presented a systematic analysis on nicotine addiction-related genes to identify the major underlying biological themes. Functional analysis revealed that biological processes and biochemical pathways related to neurodevelopment, immune system and metabolism were significantly enriched in the nicotine addiction-related genes. By extracting the nicotine addiction-specific subnetwork, a number of novel genes associated with addiction were identified. Moreover, we constructed a schematic molecular network for nicotine addiction via integrating the pathways and network, providing an intuitional view to understand the development of nicotine addiction. Pathway and network analysis indicated that the biological processes related to nicotine addiction were complex. Results from our work may have important implications for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JW); (FC)
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (FC)
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Teng SX, Molina PE. Acute alcohol intoxication prolongs neuroinflammation without exacerbating neurobehavioral dysfunction following mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2013; 31:378-86. [PMID: 24050411 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a leading cause of death and disability among young persons with ∼1.7 million reported cases in the United States annually. Although acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) is frequently present at the time of TBI, conflicting animal and clinical reports have failed to establish whether AAI significantly impacts short-term outcomes after TBI. The objective of this study was to determine whether AAI at the time of TBI aggravates neurobehavioral outcomes and neuroinflammatory sequelae post-TBI. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically instrumented with gastric and vascular catheters before a left lateral craniotomy. After recovery, rats received either a primed constant intragastric alcohol infusion (2.5 g/kg+0.3 g/kg/h for 15 h) or isocaloric/isovolumic dextrose infusion followed by a lateral fluid percussion TBI (∼1.4 J, ∼30 ms). TBI induced apnea and a delay in righting reflex. AAI at the time of injury increased the TBI induced delay in righting reflex without altering apnea duration. Neurological and behavioral dysfunction was observed at 6 h and 24 h post-TBI, and this was not exacerbated by AAI. TBI induced a transient upregulation of cortical interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 mRNA expression at 6 h, which was resolved at 24 h. AAI did not modulate the inflammatory response at 6 h but prevented resolution of inflammation (IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and MCP-1 expression) at 24 h post-TBI. AAI at the time of TBI did not delay the recovery of neurological and neurobehavioral function but prevented the resolution of neuroinflammation post-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie X Teng
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, Louisiana
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Procopio DO, Saba LM, Walter H, Lesch O, Skala K, Schlaff G, Vanderlinden L, Clapp P, Hoffman PL, Tabakoff B. Genetic markers of comorbid depression and alcoholism in women. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:896-904. [PMID: 23278386 PMCID: PMC3620932 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence (AD) is often accompanied by comorbid depression. Recent clinical evidence supports the benefit of subtype-specific pharmacotherapy in treating the population of alcohol-dependent subjects with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD). However, in many alcohol-dependent subjects, depression is a reactive response to chronic alcohol use and withdrawal and abates with a period of abstinence. Genetic markers may distinguish alcohol-dependent subjects with MDD not tied chronologically and etiologically to their alcohol consumption. In this work, we investigated the association of adenylyl cyclase genes (ADCY1-9), which are implicated in both AD and mood disorders, with alcoholism and comorbid depression. METHODS Subjects from Vienna, Austria (n = 323) were genotyped, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (1,152) encompassing the genetic locations of the 9 ADCY genes were examined. The Vienna cohort contained alcohol-dependent subjects differentiated using the Lesch Alcoholism Typology. In this typology, subjects are segregated into 4 types. Type III alcoholism is distinguished by co-occurrence of symptoms of depression and by affecting predominantly females. RESULTS We identified 4 haplotypes associated with the phenotype of Type III alcoholism in females. One haplotype was in a genomic area in proximity to ADCY2, but actually within a lincRNA gene, 2 haplotypes were within ADCY5, and 1 haplotype was within the coding region of ADCY8. Three of the 4 haplotypes contributed independently to Type III alcoholism and together generated a positive predictive value of 72% and a negative predictive value of 78% for distinguishing women with a Lesch Type III diagnosis versus women designated as Type I or II alcoholics. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in ADCY8 and ADCY5 and within a lincRNA are associated with an alcohol-dependent phenotype in females, which is distinguished by comorbid signs of depression. Each of these genetic locations can rationally contribute to the polygenic etiology of the alcoholism/depression phenotype, and the use of these genetic markers may aid in choosing appropriate and beneficial treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela O Procopio
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Freeman K, Staehle MM, Vadigepalli R, Gonye GE, Ogunnaike BA, Hoek JB, Schwaber JS. Coordinated dynamic gene expression changes in the central nucleus of the amygdala during alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 37 Suppl 1:E88-100. [PMID: 22827539 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol use causes widespread changes in the cellular biology of the amygdala's central nucleus (CeA), a GABAergic center that integrates autonomic physiology with the emotional aspects of motivation and learning. While alcohol-induced neurochemical changes play a role in dependence and drinking behavior, little is known about the CeA's dynamic changes during withdrawal, a period of emotional and physiologic disturbance. METHODS We used a qRT-PCR platform to measure 139 transcripts in 92 rat CeA samples from control (N = 33), chronically alcohol exposed (N = 26), and withdrawn rats (t = 4, 8, 18, 32, and 48 hours; N = 5, 10, 7, 6, 5). This focused transcript set allowed us to identify significant dynamic expression patterns during the first 48 hours of withdrawal and propose potential regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS Chronic alcohol exposure causes a limited number of small magnitude expression changes. In contrast, withdrawal results in a greater number of large changes within 4 hours of removal of the alcohol diet. Sixty-five of the 139 measured transcripts (47%) showed differential regulation during withdrawal. Over the 48-hour period, dynamic changes in the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A) ), ionotropic glutamate and neuropeptide system-related G-protein-coupled receptor subunits, and the Ras/Raf signaling pathway were seen as well as downstream transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic regulators. Four temporally correlated gene clusters were identified with shared functional roles including NMDA receptors, MAPKKK and chemokine signaling cascades, and mediators of long-term potentiation, among others. Cluster promoter regions shared overrepresented binding sites for multiple TFs including Cebp, Usf-1, Smad3, Ap-2, and c-Ets, suggesting a potential regulatory role. CONCLUSIONS During alcohol withdrawal, the CeA experiences rapid changes in mRNA expression of these functionally related transcripts that were not predicted by measurement during chronic exposure. This study provides new insight into dynamic expression changes during alcohol withdrawal and suggests novel regulatory relationships that potentially impact the aspects of emotional modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Freeman
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology (KF, MMS, RV, GEG, JBH, JSS), Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Chemical Engineering (MMS), Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey; Department of Chemical Engineering (MMS, BAO), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Mary M Staehle
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology (KF, MMS, RV, GEG, JBH, JSS), Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Chemical Engineering (MMS), Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey; Department of Chemical Engineering (MMS, BAO), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology (KF, MMS, RV, GEG, JBH, JSS), Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Chemical Engineering (MMS), Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey; Department of Chemical Engineering (MMS, BAO), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Gregory E Gonye
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology (KF, MMS, RV, GEG, JBH, JSS), Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Chemical Engineering (MMS), Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey; Department of Chemical Engineering (MMS, BAO), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Babatunde A Ogunnaike
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology (KF, MMS, RV, GEG, JBH, JSS), Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Chemical Engineering (MMS), Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey; Department of Chemical Engineering (MMS, BAO), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Jan B Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology (KF, MMS, RV, GEG, JBH, JSS), Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Chemical Engineering (MMS), Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey; Department of Chemical Engineering (MMS, BAO), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - James S Schwaber
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology (KF, MMS, RV, GEG, JBH, JSS), Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Chemical Engineering (MMS), Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey; Department of Chemical Engineering (MMS, BAO), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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When a TRP goes bad: transient receptor potential channels in addiction. Life Sci 2012; 92:410-4. [PMID: 22820171 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a psychiatric disease state, wherein a drug is impulsively and compulsively self-administered despite negative consequences. This repeated administration results in permanent changes to nervous system physiology and architecture. The molecular pathways affected by addictive drugs are complex and inter-dependent on each other. Recently, various new proteins and protein families have been discovered to play a role in drug abuse. Emerging players in this phenomenon include TRP (Transient Receptor Potential) family channels, which are primarily known to function in sensory systems. Several TRP family channels identified in both vertebrates and invertebrates are involved in psychostimulant-induced plasticity, suggesting their involvement in drug dependence. This review summarizes various observations, both from studies in humans and other organisms, which support a role for these channels in the development of drug-related behaviors.
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Diet-induced obesity promotes depressive-like behaviour that is associated with neural adaptations in brain reward circuitry. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 37:382-9. [PMID: 22508336 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological mechanisms that link the development of depression to metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes remain obscure. Dopamine- and plasticity-related signalling in mesolimbic reward circuitry is implicated in the pathophysiology and aetiology of depression. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of a palatable high-fat diet (HFD) on depressive-like behaviour and biochemical alterations in brain reward circuitry in order to understand the neural processes that may contribute to the development of depression in the context of diet-induced obesity (DIO). METHODS Adult male C57Bl6 mice were placed on a HFD or ingredient-matched, low-fat diet for 12 weeks. At the end of the diet regimen, we assessed anxiety and depressive-like behaviour, corticosterone levels and biochemical changes in the midbrain and limbic brain regions. Nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsolateral striatum (DLS) and ventral tegmental area dissections were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using antibodies against D1A receptor, D2 receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phospho-DARPP-32(thr75), phospho-CREB and ΔFosB. RESULTS HFD mice showed significant decreases in open arm time and centre time activity in elevated plus maze and open field tasks, respectively, and increased immobility (behavioural despair) in the forced swim test. Corticosterone levels following acute restraint stress were substantially elevated in HFD mice. HFD mice had significantly higher D2R, BDNF and ΔFosB, but reduced D1R, protein expression in the NAc. Notably, the expression of BDNF in both the NAc and DLS and phospho-CREB in the DLS was positively correlated with behavioural despair. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that chronic consumption of high-fat food and obesity induce plasticity-related changes in reward circuitry that are associated with a depressive-like phenotype. As increases in striatal BDNF and CREB activity are well implicated in depressive behaviour and reward, we suggest these signalling molecules may mediate the effects of high-fat feeding and DIO to promote negative emotional states and depressive-like symptomology.
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Zhang LL, Wang JJ, Liu Y, Lu XB, Kuang Y, Wan YH, Chen Y, Yan HM, Fei J, Wang ZG. GPR26-deficient mice display increased anxiety- and depression-like behaviors accompanied by reduced phosphorylated cyclic AMP responsive element-binding protein level in central amygdala. Neuroscience 2011; 196:203-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Lee HY, Yang BC, Lee ES, Chung JI, Koh PO, Park MS, Kim MO. Modulation by the GABA(B) receptor siRNA of ethanol-mediated PKA-α, CaMKII, and p-CREB intracellular signaling in prenatal rat hippocampal neurons. Anat Cell Biol 2011; 44:210-7. [PMID: 22025973 PMCID: PMC3195825 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2011.44.3.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a developmental neuropathology resulting from in utero exposure to ethanol; many of ethanol's effects are likely to be mediated by the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). We studied modulation of the neurotransmitter receptor GABA(B)R and its capacity for intracellular signal transduction under conditions of ethanol treatment (ET) and RNA interference to investigate a potential role for GABA signaling in FAS. ET increased GABA(B1)R protein levels, but decreased protein kinase A-α (PKA-α), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB), in cultured hippocampal neurons harvested at gestation day 17.5. To elucidate GABA(B1)R response to ethanol, we observed the effects of a GABA(B)R agonist and antagonist in pharmacotherapy for ethanol abuse. Baclofen increased GABA(B)R, CaMKII and p-CREB levels, whereas phaclofen decreased GABA(B)R, CaMKII and p-CREB levels except PKA-α. Furthermore, when GABA(B1)R was knocked down by siRNA treatment, CaMKII and p-CREB levels were reduced upon ET. We speculate that stimulation of GABA(B1)R activity by ET can modulate CaMKII and p-CREB signaling to detrimental effect on fetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Young Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences (RINS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Barco A, Marie H. Genetic approaches to investigate the role of CREB in neuronal plasticity and memory. Mol Neurobiol 2011; 44:330-49. [PMID: 21948060 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In neurons, the convergence of multiple intracellular signaling cascades leading to cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) activation suggests that this transcription factor plays a critical role in integrating different inputs and mediating appropriate neuronal responses. The nature of this transcriptional response depends on both the type and strength of the stimulus and the cellular context. CREB-dependent gene expression has been involved in many different aspects of nervous system function, from embryonic development to neuronal survival, and synaptic, structural, and intrinsic plasticity. Here, we first review the different methodological approaches used to genetically manipulate CREB activity and levels in neurons in vivo in the adult brain, including recombinant viral vectors, mouse transgenesis, and gene-targeting techniques. We then discuss the impact of these approaches on our understanding of CREB's roles in neuronal plasticity and memory in rodents. Studies combining these genetic approaches with electrophysiology and behavior provide strong evidence that CREB is critically involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, intrinsic excitability, and long-term memory formation. These findings pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat memory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Barco
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Sant Joan, Apt. 18, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
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Naseer M, Lee H, Ullah N, Ullah I, Park M, Kim M. siRNA-mediated GABAB receptor at early fetal rat brain upon acute and chronic ethanol exposure: Down regulation of PKA and p-CREB expression. Synapse 2010; 65:109-18. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.20824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Naseer MI, Lee HY, Kim MO. Neuroprotective effect of vitamin C against the ethanol and nicotine modulation of GABA(B) receptor and PKA-alpha expression in prenatal rat brain. Synapse 2010; 64:467-77. [PMID: 20175221 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal ethanol exposure has various deleterious effects on neuronal development and can induce various defects in developing brain, resulting in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA(B)) receptor (R) is known to play an important role during the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Our study was designed to investigate the effect of ethanol (100 mM), nicotine (50 microM) (for 30 min and 1 h), vitamin C (vitC, 0.5 mM), ethanol plus vitC, and nicotine plus vitC on expression level of GABA(B1), GABA(B2)R, and protein kinase A-alpha (PKA) in prenatal rat cortical and hippocampal neurons at gestational days (GD) 17.5. The results showed that, upon ethanol and nicotine exposure, GABA(B1) and GABA(B2)R protein expression increased significantly in the cortex and hippocampus for a short (30 min) and long term (1 h), whereas only GABA(B2)R subunit was decreased upon nicotine exposure for a long term in the cortex. Furthermore, PKA expression in cortex and hippocampus increased with ethanol exposure during short term, whereas long-term exposure results increased in cortex and decreased in hippocampus. Moreover, the cotreatment of vitC with ethanol and nicotine showed significantly decreased expression of GABA(B1), GABA(B2)R, and PKA in cortex and hippocampus for a long-term exposure. Mitochondrial membrane potential, Fluoro-jade-B, and propidium iodide staining were used to elucidate possible neurodegeneration. Our results suggest the involvement of GABA(B)R and PKA in nicotine and ethanol-mediated neurodevelopmental defects and the potential use of vitC as a effective protective agent for FAS-related deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Naseer
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, South Korea
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Naseer MI, Lee HY, Ullah N, Ullah I, Park MS, Kim SH, Kim MO. Ethanol and PTZ effects on siRNA-mediated GABAB1 receptor: down regulation of intracellular signaling pathway in prenatal rat cortical and hippocampal neurons. Synapse 2010; 64:181-90. [PMID: 19862689 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
GABA(B) receptors (R) are widely expressed and distributed in the nervous system, and have been implicated in variety of neurodegenerative and pathophysiological disorders. However, the exact molecular mechanism regarding responsibility of GABA(B1)R in downstream signaling pathway is not well understood. The present study was undertaken to explore the downstream signaling and role of GABA(B1)R upon acute ethanol and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) exposure for (20 min) in cortical and hippocampal neuronal cell cultures by using GABA(B1)R RNA interference (i) (30 nM, 48 h) at gestational days 17.5. The results showed that GABA(B1)R and protein kinase A-alpha (PKA) showed decreased expression upon ethanol and PTZ exposure in cortical and hippocampal neurons during transfected and nontransfected conditions, whereas these effects could lead to significant changes in phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB) expression where GABA(B1)R was knocked down. Furthermore, intracellular Ca(+2) concentrations were also reduced in some groups after transfection with GABA(B1)R RNAi. These results showed a critical role of GABA(B1)R upon ethanol and PTZ exposure by modulating downstream signaling pathway. Finally, these findings suggested that inhibition of GABA(B1)R results in the modulation of PKA, p-CREB pathway may play a role in long-term changes in the nervous system, and may be an underlying cause of ethanol's effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Naseer
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, South Korea
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Leasure JL, Nixon K. Exercise neuroprotection in a rat model of binge alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 34:404-14. [PMID: 20028365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol intake produces structural and functional deficits in corticolimbic pathways that are thought to underlie cognitive deficits in the alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Animal models of binge alcohol administration support the direct link of high levels of alcohol consumption and neurotoxicity in the hippocampus and surrounding cortex. In contrast, voluntary wheel running enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and generally promotes the health of neurons. METHODS We investigated whether voluntary exercise prior to binge alcohol exposure could protect against alcohol-induced cell loss. Female Long-Evans rats exercised voluntarily for 14 days before undergoing 4 days of binge alcohol consumption. Brains were harvested immediately after the last dose of alcohol and examined for various histological markers of neurodegeneration, including both cell death (FluoroJade B) and cell birth (Ki67) markers. RESULTS Rats that exercised prior to binge exposure were significantly less behaviorally intoxicated, which was not a result of enhanced hepatic metabolism. Rats that exercised prior to binge alcohol consumption had reduced loss of dentate gyrus granule cells and fewer FluoroJade B positive cells in the dentate gyrus and associated entorhinal-perirhinal cortex compared to nonexercisers. However, exercise did not protect against cell death in the piriform cortex nor protect against alcohol-induced decreases in cell proliferation, evidenced by a similar alcohol-induced reduction in Ki67 labeled cells between exercise and sedentary rats. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that exercise can reduce behavioral sensitivity to ethanol intoxication and protect vulnerable brain areas from alcohol-induced cell death. Exercise neuroprotection of alcohol-induced brain damage has important implications in understanding the neurobiology of the AUDs as well as in developing novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Leigh Leasure
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Yang ARST, Yi HS, Mamczarz J, June HL, Hwang BH, June HL. Deficits in substance P mRNA levels in the CeA are inversely associated with alcohol-motivated responding. Synapse 2009; 63:972-81. [PMID: 19593822 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to determine the relationship between innate substance P (SP) levels and alcohol-motivated behavior in alcohol-preferring (P) and nonpreferring (NP) rat lines. In Experiment 1, in situ hybridization and quantitative autoradiography were used to detect and measure SP mRNA levels in discrete brain loci of the P and NP rats. The results indicated significantly lower SP mRNA levels in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) of P compared with those of NP rats. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of SP, microinfused into the CeA, on alcohol (10%, v/v) and sucrose (2%, w/v) motivated responding in the P rat. The results revealed that, when infused into the CeA (1-8 microg), SP reduced alcohol responding by 48-85% of control levels, with no effects on sucrose responding. Neuroanatomical control infusions (1-8 microg) into the caudate putamen (CPu) also failed to significantly alter alcohol- or sucrose-motivated behaviors. Given the selective reductions on alcohol (compared to sucrose) responding by direct intracranial infusion of SP, the data suggest that deficits in SP signaling within the CeA (an anxiety regulating locus) are inversely associated with alcohol-motivated behaviors. Activation of SP receptors in the CeA may reduce anxiety-like behavior in the P rat and contribute to reductions on alcohol responding. The SP system may be a suitable target for the development of drugs to reduce alcohol-drinking behavior in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rong Song Tzeng Yang
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Briand LA, Blendy JA. Molecular and genetic substrates linking stress and addiction. Brain Res 2009; 1314:219-34. [PMID: 19900417 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is one of the top three health concerns in the United States in terms of economic and health care costs. Despite this, there are very few effective treatment options available. Therefore, understanding the causes and molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from casual drug use to compulsive drug addiction could aid in the development of treatment options. Studies in humans and animal models indicate that stress can lead to both vulnerability to develop addiction, and increased drug taking and relapse in addicted individuals. Exposure to stress or drugs of abuse results in long-term adaptations in the brain that are likely to involve persistent alterations in gene expression or activation of transcription factors, such as the cAMP Response Element Binding (CREB) protein. The signaling pathways controlled by CREB have been strongly implicated in drug addiction and stress. Many potential CREB target genes have been identified based on the presence of a CRE element in promoter DNA sequences. These include, but are not limited to CRF, BDNF, and dynorphin. These genes have been associated with initiation or reinstatement of drug reward and are altered in one direction or the other following stress. While many reviews have examined the interactions between stress and addiction, the goal of this review was to focus on specific molecules that play key roles in both stress and addiction and are therefore posed to mediate the interaction between the two. Focus on these molecules could provide us with new targets for pharmacological treatments for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Briand
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, TRL, 125 South 31(st) Street, USA
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Dynorphin, stress, and depression. Brain Res 2009; 1314:56-73. [PMID: 19782055 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress is most often associated with aversive states. It rapidly induces the release of hormones and neuropeptides including dynorphin, which activates kappa opioid receptors (KORs) in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In animal models, many aversive effects of stress are mimicked or exacerbated by stimulation of KORs in limbic brain regions. Although KOR signaling during acute stress may increase physical ability (by producing analgesia) and motivation to escape a threat (by producing aversion), prolonged KOR signaling in response to chronic or uncontrollable stress can lead to persistent expression of behavioral signs that are characteristic of human depressive disorders (i.e., "prodepressive-like" signs). Accumulating evidence suggests that KORs contribute to the progressive amplification (sensitization) of stress-induced behaviors that occurs with repeated exposure to stress. Many of the aversive effects of stress are blocked by KOR antagonists, suggesting that these agents may have potential as therapeutics for stress-related conditions such as depression and anxiety disorders. This review summarizes current data on how KOR systems contribute to the acute (rapid), delayed, and cumulative molecular and behavioral effects of stress. We focus on behavioral paradigms that provide insight on interactions between stress and KOR function within each of these temporal categories. Using a simplified model, we consider the time course and mechanism of KOR-mediated effects in stress and suggest future directions that may be useful in determining whether KOR antagonists exert their therapeutic effects by preventing the development of stress-induced behaviors, the expression of stress-induced behaviors, or both.
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Inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) and brain functions. Mol Neurobiol 2009; 40:73-86. [PMID: 19434522 PMCID: PMC2699388 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-009-8072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) is an endogenous repressor of cAMP-responsive element (CRE)-mediated gene transcription and belongs to the CRE-binding protein (CREB)/CRE modulator (CREM)/activating transcription factor 1 (ATF-1) gene family. ICER plays an important role in regulating the neuroendocrine system and the circadian rhythm. Other aspects of ICER function have recently attracted heightened attention. Being a natural inducible CREB antagonist, and more broadly, an inducible repressor of CRE-mediated gene transcription, ICER regulates long-lasting plastic changes that occur in the brain in response to incoming stimulation. This review will bring together data on ICER and its functions in the brain, with a special emphasis on recent findings highlighting the involvement of ICER in the regulation of long-term plasticity underlying learning and memory.
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Wallace DL, Han MH, Graham DL, Green TA, Vialou V, Iñiguez SD, Cao JL, Kirk A, Chakravarty S, Kumar A, Krishnan V, Neve RL, Cooper DC, Bolaños CA, Barrot M, McClung CA, Nestler EJ. CREB regulation of nucleus accumbens excitability mediates social isolation-induced behavioral deficits. Nat Neurosci 2009; 12:200-9. [PMID: 19151710 DOI: 10.1038/nn.2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Here, we characterized behavioral abnormalities induced by prolonged social isolation in adult rodents. Social isolation induced both anxiety- and anhedonia-like symptoms and decreased cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activity in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh). All of these abnormalities were reversed by chronic, but not acute, antidepressant treatment. However, although the anxiety phenotype and its reversal by antidepressant treatment were CREB-dependent, the anhedonia-like symptoms were not mediated by CREB in NAcSh. We found that decreased CREB activity in NAcSh correlated with increased expression of certain K(+) channels and reduced electrical excitability of NAcSh neurons, which was sufficient to induce anxiety-like behaviors and was reversed by chronic antidepressant treatment. Together, our results describe a model that distinguishes anxiety- and depression-like behavioral phenotypes, establish a selective role of decreased CREB activity in NAcSh in anxiety-like behavior, and provide a mechanism by which antidepressant treatment alleviates anxiety symptoms after social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9070, USA
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Lee HY, Naha N, Li SP, Jo MJ, Naseer MI, Naseer ML, Park MS, Park TJ, Chung BC, Kim MO. In vivo and in vitro ethanol exposure in prenatal rat brain: GABA(B) receptor modulation on dopamine D(1) receptor and protein kinase A. Synapse 2008; 62:534-43. [PMID: 18435423 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on GABA(B) receptors (GABA(B)Rs), protein kinase A (PKA), and DA D(1) receptor (DAD(1)R) expressions. GABA(B1)R and GABA(B2)R showed different age-dependent expressions in in vivo fetal rat forebrain from gestational days (GD) 15.5 to 21.5 upon 10% ethanol treatment to mother, with and without baclofen at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight/day. The protein level changes could not be attributed to changes in the level of transcription since GABA(B)R mRNA presented different expression patterns upon in vivo ethanol treatment. Using in vitro cultivated cortical neurons from GD 17.5 fetuses, we also explored the modulatory effects of ethanol on PKA and DAD(1)R through GABA(B)Rs, under 50 microM baclofen and 100 microM phaclofen administrations, with or without 100 mM of ethanol treatment in the culture media. The results showed that 20 min ethanol treatment without baclofen or phaclofen had increasing effects on both the GABA(B)Rs. Further, baclofen and phaclofen administration significantly affected PKA and GABA(B)R levels upon 20 min and 1 h ethanol treatment. In contrast, DAD(1)R showed increasing effects upon ethanol treatment, which was modulated by GABA(B)R's agonist baclofen and antagonist phaclofen. Therefore the present study suggested that the GABA(B)R activity could modulate ethanol's cellular effects, which possibly including PKA and DAD(1)R activities, and may be an underlying cause of ethanol's effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Lee
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, South Korea
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Shukla SD, Velazquez J, French SW, Lu SC, Ticku MK, Zakhari S. Emerging role of epigenetics in the actions of alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008; 32:1525-34. [PMID: 18616668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with the recent developments on the epigenetic effects of ethanol. A large body of data have come from studies in liver and in neuronal systems and involve post-translational modifications in histones and methylations in DNA. Ethanol causes site selective acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation in histone. With respect to methylations the methyl group donating system involving S-adenosyl methionine appears to play a central role. There is contrasting effect of acetylation versus methylation on the same site of histone, as it relates to the transcriptional activation. Epigenetic memory also appears to correlate with liver pathology and Mallory body formation. Experimental evidence supports transcriptional regulation of genes in the CNS by DNA methylations. These studies are contributing towards a better understanding of a novel epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the context of alcohol. The critical steps and the enzymes (e.g., histone acetyltransferase, histone deacetylase, DNA methyltransferase) responsible for the epigenetic modifications are prime targets for intense investigation. The emerging data are also beginning to offer novel insight towards defining the molecular actions of ethanol and may contribute to potential therapeutic targets at the nucleosomal level. These epigenetic studies have opened up a new avenue of investigation in the alcohol field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivendra D Shukla
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA.
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Abstract
The mechanisms underlying responses to drugs of abuse have been widely investigated; however, less is known about pathways normally protective against the development of drug reinforcement. These pathways are also important since they may regulate individual differences in vulnerability to addiction. The neuropeptide galanin and its binding sites are expressed in brain areas important for drug reward. Previous studies have shown that centrally infused galanin attenuates morphine place preference and peripheral injection of galnon, a galanin agonist, decreases opiate withdrawal signs. The current studies in galanin knockout (GKO) mice examined the hypothesis that galanin is an endogenous negative regulator of opiate reward and identified downstream signaling pathways regulated by galanin. We show that GKO mice demonstrate increased locomotor activation following morphine administration, which is inhibited by acute administration of galnon. GKO mice also show enhanced morphine place preference, supporting the idea that galanin normally antagonizes opiate reward. In addition, morphine-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased in the VTA of both wild-type and GKO mice, but only the GKO mice showed increases in ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation in the amygdala or nucleus accumbens. Furthermore, a single systemic injection of galnon in GKO mice was sufficient to reverse some of the biochemical changes brought about by morphine administration. These data suggest that galanin normally attenuates behavioral and neurochemical effects of opiates; thus, galanin agonists may represent a new class of therapeutic targets for opiate addiction.
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Morphine dependence changes the role of droperidol on pain-related electric activities in caudate nucleus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 372:179-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Karaçay B, Li S, Bonthius DJ. Maturation-dependent alcohol resistance in the developing mouse: cerebellar neuronal loss and gene expression during alcohol-vulnerable and -resistant periods. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008; 32:1439-50. [PMID: 18565154 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse during pregnancy injures the fetal brain. One of alcohol's most important neuroteratogenic effects is neuronal loss. Rat models have shown that the cerebellum becomes less vulnerable to alcohol-induced neuronal death as it matures. We determined if maturation-dependent alcohol resistance occurs in mice and compared patterns of gene expression during the alcohol resistant and sensitive periods. METHODS Neonatal mice received alcohol daily over postnatal day (PD) 2 to 4 or PD8 to 10. Purkinje cells and granule cells were quantified on PD25. The temporal expression patterns of 4 neuro-developmental genes and 3 neuro-protective genes in the cerebellum were determined daily over PD0 to 15 to determine how gene expression changes as the cerebellum transitions from alcohol-vulnerable to alcohol-resistant. The effect of alcohol on expression of these genes was determined when the cerebellum is alcohol sensitive (PD4) and resistant (PD10). RESULTS Purkinje and granule cells were vulnerable to alcohol-induced death at PD2 to 4, but not at PD8 to 10. Acquisition of maturation-dependent alcohol resistance coincided with changes in the expression of neurodevelopmental genes. The vulnerability of cerebellar neurons to alcohol toxicity declined in parallel with decreasing levels of Math1 and Cyclin D2, markers of immature granule cells. Likewise, the rising resistance to alcohol toxicity paralleled increasing levels of GABA alpha-6 and Wnt-7a, markers of mature granule neurons. Expression of growth factors and genes with survival promoting function (IGF-1, BDNF, and cyclic AMP response element binding protein) did not rise as the cerebellum transitioned from alcohol-vulnerable to alcohol-resistant. All 3 were expressed at substantial levels during the vulnerable period and were not expressed at higher levels later. Acute alcohol exposure altered the expression of neurodevelopmental genes and growth factor genes when administered either during the alcohol vulnerable period or resistant period. However, the patterns in which gene expression changed varied among the genes and depended on timing of alcohol administration. CONCLUSIONS Mice have a temporal window of vulnerability in the first week of life, during which cerebellar neurons are more sensitive to alcohol toxicity than during the second week. Expression of genes governing neuronal maturation changes in synchrony with the acquisition of alcohol resistance. Growth factors do not rise as the cerebellum transitions from alcohol-vulnerable to alcohol-resistant. Thus, a process intrinsic to neuronal maturation, rather than rising levels of growth factors, likely underlies maturation-dependent alcohol resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahri Karaçay
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, 200 Hawkins Dr., University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Wang Y, Krishnan HR, Ghezzi A, Yin JCP, Atkinson NS. Drug-induced epigenetic changes produce drug tolerance. PLoS Biol 2007; 5:e265. [PMID: 17941717 PMCID: PMC2020501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerance to drugs that affect neural activity is mediated, in part, by adaptive mechanisms that attempt to restore normal neural excitability. Changes in the expression of ion channel genes are thought to play an important role in these neural adaptations. The slo gene encodes the pore-forming subunit of BK-type Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, which regulate many aspects of neural activity. Given that induction of slo gene expression plays an important role in the acquisition of tolerance to sedating drugs, we investigated the molecular mechanism of gene induction. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by real-time PCR, we show that a single brief sedation with the anesthetic benzyl alcohol generates a spatiotemporal pattern of histone H4 acetylation across the slo promoter region. Inducing histone acetylation with a histone deacetylase inhibitor yields a similar pattern of changes in histone acetylation, up-regulates slo expression, and phenocopies tolerance in a slo-dependent manner. The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is an important transcription factor mediating experience-based neuroadaptations. The slo promoter region contains putative binding sites for the CREB transcription factor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that benzyl alcohol sedation enhances CREB binding within the slo promoter region. Furthermore, activation of a CREB dominant-negative transgene blocks benzyl alcohol-induced changes in histone acetylation within the slo promoter region, slo induction, and behavioral tolerance caused by benzyl alcohol sedation. These findings provide unique evidence that links molecular epigenetic histone modifications and transcriptional induction of an ion channel gene with a single behavioral event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Section of Neurobiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- The Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Harish R Krishnan
- Section of Neurobiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alfredo Ghezzi
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jerry C. P Yin
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nigel S Atkinson
- Section of Neurobiology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- The Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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Lee HY, Li SP, Park MS, Bahk YH, Chung BC, Kim MO. Ethanol's effect on intracellular signal pathways in prenatal rat cortical neurons is GABAB1 dependent. Synapse 2007; 61:622-8. [PMID: 17476683 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To confirm the modulation role of GABA(B) on ethanol' effects, we studied the effects of ethanol on the neuronal intracellular signals, protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), by using a system where GABA(B1) receptors were specifically knocked down in the in vitro cultivated cortical neurons. The results showed that the PKA alpha subunit was increased with ethanol treatment, and could be further increased by administering baclofen and phaclofen. By contrast, baclofen and/or phaclofen could decrease ethanol's up-regulation effects on PKA alpha subunit expression in primary cultured cortical neurons in which the GABA(B1) receptor was specifically knocked down using GABA(B1) receptor RNA interference. Furthermore, these effects could lead to changes of phospho (p)-CREB expression, which showed the same expression pattern as PKA. Finally, we observed changes of GABA(B1), PKA, and p-CREB distribution within the same neuronal cells. These results showed that the GABA(B) receptors are critical to ethanol's cellular effects, which occur via modulating the PKA and CREB transcription pathway, and may be an underlying cause of ethanol's effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Lee
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences and Applied Life Science (Brain Korea 21), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, South Korea
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Wallner M, Hanchar HJ, Olsen RW. Low dose acute alcohol effects on GABA A receptor subtypes. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 112:513-28. [PMID: 16814864 PMCID: PMC2847605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs) are the main inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors and have long been implicated in mediating at least part of the acute actions of ethanol. For example, ethanol and GABAergic drugs including barbiturates and benzodiazepines share many pharmacological properties. Besides the prototypical synaptic GABA(A)R subtypes, nonsynaptic GABA(A)Rs have recently emerged as important regulators of neuronal excitability. While high doses (> or =100 mM) of ethanol have been reported to enhance activity of most GABA(A)R subtypes, most abundant synaptic GABA(A)Rs are essentially insensitive to ethanol concentrations that occur during social ethanol consumption (< 30 mM). However, extrasynaptic delta and beta3 subunit-containing GABA(A)Rs, associated in the brain with alpha4 or alpha6 subunits, are sensitive to low millimolar ethanol concentrations, as produced by drinking half a glass of wine. Additionally, we found that a mutation in the cerebellar alpha6 subunit (alpha6R100Q), initially reported in rats selectively bred for increased alcohol sensitivity, is sufficient to produce increased alcohol-induced motor impairment and further increases of alcohol sensitivity in recombinant alpha6beta3delta receptors. Furthermore, the behavioral alcohol antagonist Ro15-4513 blocks the low dose alcohol enhancement on alpha4/6/beta3delta receptors, without reducing GABA-induced currents. In binding assays alpha4beta3delta GABA(A)Rs bind [(3)H]Ro15-4513 with high affinity, and this binding is inhibited, in an apparently competitive fashion, by low ethanol concentrations, as well as analogs of Ro15-4513 that are active to antagonize ethanol or Ro15-4513's block of ethanol. We conclude that most low to moderate dose alcohol effects are mediated by alcohol actions on alcohol/Ro15-4513 binding sites on GABA(A)R subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard W. Olsen
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 310 825 5093; fax: +1 310 267 2003. (R.W. Olsen)
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Jasmin L, Narasaiah M, Tien D. Noradrenaline is necessary for the hedonic properties of addictive drugs. Vascul Pharmacol 2006; 45:243-50. [PMID: 16899413 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2005.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether noradrenaline (NA) is an essential neurotransmitter for addictive and appetitive behaviors, we measured drug and food seeking in transgenic mice lacking dopamine beta-hydroxylase (Dbh), the enzyme responsible for synthesizing NA. Using the conditioned place preference test (CPP), we show that Dbh -/- mice do not exhibit rewarding behavior to morphine, cocaine, or the mixed reuptake inhibitor bupropion. In spite of their lack of preference for drugs, Dbh -/- mice had an unaltered preference for food. Drug seeking was induced when NA was restored to the central nervous system of Dbh -/- mice by administration of l-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS) and carbidopa. When a NK1 receptor antagonist was co-administered with morphine or cocaine, it produced aversive behavior in Dbh -/- mice while it abolished place preference in the controls. NK1 antagonists alone did not have any rewarding or aversive effect in the CPP suggesting that substance P opposes some of the unpleasant effects of morphine and cocaine. Our results show that NAergic transmission is necessary for motivated behaviors, the dysregulation of which is a co-morbid factor of many depressive states. The reversibility of this phenomenon, by restoring NA, indicates that even when this behavioral deficit is genetically determined it can be reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Jasmin
- Department of Neurological Surgery and W.M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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