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Tsay GJ, Zouali M. Cellular pathways and molecular events that shape autoantibody production in COVID-19. J Autoimmun 2024; 147:103276. [PMID: 38936147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of COVID-19 is the variety of complications that follow SARS-CoV-2 infection in some patients, and that target multiple organs and tissues. Also remarkable are the associations with several auto-inflammatory disorders and the presence of autoantibodies directed to a vast array of antigens. The processes underlying autoantibody production in COVID-19 have not been completed deciphered. Here, we review mechanisms involved in autoantibody production in COVID-19, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and post-acute sequelae of COVID19. We critically discuss how genomic integrity, loss of B cell tolerance to self, superantigen effects of the virus, and extrafollicular B cell activation could underly autoantibody proaction in COVID-19. We also offer models that may account for the pathogenic roles of autoantibodies in the promotion of inflammatory cascades, thromboembolic phenomena, and endothelial and vascular deregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Tsay
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Moncef Zouali
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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2
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Tóth E, Fagyas M, Nagy B, Siket IM, Szőke B, Mártha L, Mahdi M, Erdősi G, Pólik Z, Kappelmayer J, Papp Z, Borbély A, Szabó T, Balla J, Balla G, Bácsi A, Szekanecz Z, Bai P, Tóth A. Distinct subsets of anti-pulmonary autoantibodies correlate with disease severity and survival in severe COVID-19 patients. GeroScience 2024; 46:1561-1574. [PMID: 37656328 PMCID: PMC10828368 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies targeting the lung tissue were identified in severe COVID-19 patients in this retrospective study. Fifty-three percent of 104 patients developed anti-pulmonary antibodies, the majority of which were IgM class, suggesting that they developed upon infection with SARS-CoV-2. Anti-pulmonary antibodies correlated with worse pulmonary function and a higher risk of multiorgan failure that was further aggravated if 3 or more autoantibody clones were simultaneously present (multi-producers). Multi-producer patients were older than the patients with less or no autoantibodies. One of the identified autoantibodies (targeting a pulmonary protein of ~ 50 kDa) associated with worse clinical outcomes, including mortality. In summary, severe COVID-19 is associated with the development of lung-specific autoantibodies, which may worsen the clinical outcome. Tissue proteome-wide tests, such as the ones applied here, can be used to detect autoimmunity in the post-COVID state to identify the cause of symptoms and to reveal a new target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Tóth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
- Center of Excellence, The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Fagyas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ivetta Mányiné Siket
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Blanka Szőke
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lilla Mártha
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mohamed Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Erdősi
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Pólik
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Kappelmayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Borbély
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szabó
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- ELKH-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- ELKH-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
- Center of Excellence, The Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group ELKH, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Attila Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
- ELKH-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Wang L, Wang C, Wang X, Cao Y, Guo X, Ye Z. Hepatitis B virus-targeting sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide mediates HBV infection and damage in human renal podocytes. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0136523. [PMID: 38315030 PMCID: PMC10913464 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01365-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) may directly infect human podocytes (HPCs). However, the mechanism of direct infection is unclear. We found that HPCs express sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), a specific receptor for HBV entry into hepatocytes. Thus, we investigated whether NTCP mediates HBV infection and damage in HPCs and further clarified the specific mechanism. We constructed shRNA-NTCP1,2, shRNA-NC, WT-NTCP, and MUT-NTCP and transfected them into HPCs. HPCs were infected with HBV, and HBV infection markers were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The functional changes in HPCs were detected by Transwell migration and scratch assays, apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM), and podocytoskeletal proteins (nephrin, CD2AP, and synaptopodin) were determined by western blotting (WB). Compared with the control HPCs, HPCs infected with HBV showed increased levels of HBV infection markers and apoptosis along with decreased podocytoskeletal protein expressions, cell vitality, proliferation, and migration. Compared with the HPCs infected with HBV, the HPCs transfected with HBV + shRNA-NTCP, and HBV + MUT-NTCP showed decreased levels of HBV infection markers and apoptosis along with increased podocytoskeletal protein expressions, cell vitality, proliferation, and migration; the opposite effects were observed in the HPCs transfected with HBV + WT-NTCP. Overall, the changes to NTCP affected the susceptibility of HPCs to HBV and modulated HPC damage and repair. NTCP can mediate direct HBV infection and damage human podocytes, and the NTCP 157-165 locus is the main site of HBV entry. The findings provide a new target and theoretical basis for HBV-associated glomerulonephritis. IMPORTANCE This study identified for the first time that sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) can mediate HBV direct infection and damage to human podocytes, and the NTCP157-165 locus is the main HBV entry site. The findings provide theoretical support for the pathogenesis of direct infection of HBV with kidney tissue. The findings provide a new target and theoretical basis for the treatment of HBV-related glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN). Blocking NTCP is a new target for the treatment of HBV-GN. We found that tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor that blocks NTCP, can effectively treat HBV-GN. This study also provides a theoretical basis for the effective and safe treatment of immunosuppressant tacrolimus for HBV-GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yantao Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Huang L, Zuo Y, Yang H, He X, Zhang L. Identification of key genes as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for comorbidity of myasthenia gravis and COVID-19. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1334131. [PMID: 38384322 PMCID: PMC10879883 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1334131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a significant impact on the health and quality of life of MG patients and may even trigger the onset of MG in some cases. With the worldwide development of the COVID-19 vaccination, several new-onset MG cases and exacerbations following the COVID-19 vaccines have been acknowledged. The potential link between myasthenia gravis (MG) and COVID-19 has prompted the need for further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods and results The differential expression analysis identified six differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by myasthenia gravis (MG) and COVID-19, namely SAMD9, PLEK, GZMB, JUNB, NR4A1, and NR1D1. The relationship between the six common genes and immune cells was investigated in the COVID-19 dataset. The predictive value of the shared genes was assessed and a nomogram was constructed using machine learning algorithms. The regulatory miRNAs, transcription factors and small molecular drugs were predicted, and the molecular docking was carried out by AutoDock. Discussion We have identified six common DEGs of MG and COVID-19 and explored their immunological effects and regulatory mechanisms. The result may provide new insights for further mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zuo
- Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Stern LJ, Clement C, Galluzzi L, Santambrogio L. Non-mutational neoantigens in disease. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:29-40. [PMID: 38168954 PMCID: PMC11075006 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The ability of mammals to mount adaptive immune responses culminating with the establishment of immunological memory is predicated on the ability of the mature T cell repertoire to recognize antigenic peptides presented by syngeneic MHC class I and II molecules. Although it is widely believed that mature T cells are highly skewed towards the recognition of antigenic peptides originating from genetically diverse (for example, foreign or mutated) protein-coding regions, preclinical and clinical data rather demonstrate that novel antigenic determinants efficiently recognized by mature T cells can emerge from a variety of non-mutational mechanisms. In this Review, we describe various mechanisms that underlie the formation of bona fide non-mutational neoantigens, such as epitope mimicry, upregulation of cryptic epitopes, usage of non-canonical initiation codons, alternative RNA splicing, and defective ribosomal RNA processing, as well as both enzymatic and non-enzymatic post-translational protein modifications. Moreover, we discuss the implications of the immune recognition of non-mutational neoantigens for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Stern
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbiology Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Clement
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Bauer CJ, Karakostas P, Weber N, Behning C, Stoffel-Wagner B, Brossart P, Dolscheid-Pommerich R, Schäfer VS. Comparative analysis of contemporary anti-double stranded DNA antibody assays for systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1305865. [PMID: 38130723 PMCID: PMC10733465 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Elevated double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody levels in blood serum are considered a disease-specific marker in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), correlate with disease activity and the incidence of lupus nephritis, and can be detected in up to 86% of all SLE cases. Despite the high clinical relevance, the variety of dsDNA antibody testing methods with heterogenous performance in clinical use remains challenging. This study is the first to prospectively investigate the performance of two of today's most commonly applied anti-dsDNA testing methods head-to-head under real-world conditions, as well as their correlation with other clinical and serological disease parameters in SLE patients. Methods In this prospective study, all SLE patients undergoing treatment at the Department of Rheumatology at the University Hospital Bonn within a 13-months period (n=41) and control patients without connective-tissue disease (n=51) were consecutively enrolled and examined. For all study participants' serum samples both anti-dsDNA-NcX enzyme-linked immunoassay testing EUROIMMUN, Luebeck, Germany) and the fluorescence immunoassay ELiA dsDNA (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) were performed. In addition, demographic data, further laboratory values and disease activity parameters were recorded. Clinical disease activity was assessed by SLEDAI-2K. Results Both assays showed high specificity (anti-dsDNA-NcX ELISA: 0.9, ELiA dsDNA: 0.959), but there were notable differences in sensitivity (anti-dsDNA-NcX ELISA: 0.51, ELiA dsDNA: 0.38). Pearsons's correlation yielded a positive correlation between anti-dsDNA concentrations and CRP concentrations for the anti-dsDNA-NcX ELISA (R=0.22; p=0.038) and a mild-to-moderate inverse correlation between concentrations of anti-dsDNA and complement C4 for the ELiA dsDNA test (R=-0.22; p=0.045) when SLE and control patients were considered together. Other than, no significant correlation between anti-dsDNA concentrations and clinical or laboratory findings was found for either test procedure. Conclusion Both anti-dsDNA antibody assays represent reliable examination methods with high specificity for the diagnosis of SLE that fulfill EULAR/ACR requirements. However, the anti-dsDNA-NcX ELISA showed superior sensitivity and significant correlation with disease activity (as measured by CRP concentrations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus-Juergen Bauer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinic of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pantelis Karakostas
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinic of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadine Weber
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinic of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charlotte Behning
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinic of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Valentin Sebastian Schäfer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinic of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Kuchler T, Günthner R, Ribeiro A, Hausinger R, Streese L, Wöhnl A, Kesseler V, Negele J, Assali T, Carbajo-Lozoya J, Lech M, Schneider H, Adorjan K, Stubbe HC, Hanssen H, Kotilar K, Haller B, Heemann U, Schmaderer C. Persistent endothelial dysfunction in post-COVID-19 syndrome and its associations with symptom severity and chronic inflammation. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:547-563. [PMID: 37507580 PMCID: PMC10542303 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) is a lingering disease with ongoing symptoms such as fatigue and cognitive impairment resulting in a high impact on the daily life of patients. Understanding the pathophysiology of PCS is a public health priority, as it still poses a diagnostic and treatment challenge for physicians. METHODS In this prospective observational cohort study, we analyzed the retinal microcirculation using Retinal Vessel Analysis (RVA) in a cohort of patients with PCS and compared it to an age- and gender-matched healthy cohort (n = 41, matched out of n = 204). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS PCS patients exhibit persistent endothelial dysfunction (ED), as indicated by significantly lower venular flicker-induced dilation (vFID; 3.42% ± 1.77% vs. 4.64% ± 2.59%; p = 0.02), narrower central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE; 178.1 [167.5-190.2] vs. 189.1 [179.4-197.2], p = 0.01) and lower arteriolar-venular ratio (AVR; (0.84 [0.8-0.9] vs. 0.88 [0.8-0.9], p = 0.007). When combining AVR and vFID, predicted scores reached good ability to discriminate groups (area under the curve: 0.75). Higher PCS severity scores correlated with lower AVR (R = - 0.37 p = 0.017). The association of microvascular changes with PCS severity were amplified in PCS patients exhibiting higher levels of inflammatory parameters. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that prolonged endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of PCS, and impairments of the microcirculation seem to explain ongoing symptoms in patients. As potential therapies for PCS emerge, RVA parameters may become relevant as clinical biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy management. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was previously registered at ClinicalTrials ("All Eyes on PCS-Analysis of the Retinal Microvasculature in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome". NCT05635552. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05635552 ). Persistent endothelial dysfunction in post-COVID-19 syndrome. Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection indirectly or directly causes endotheliitis in patients. N = 41 PCS patients were recruited and retinal vessel analysis was performed to assess microvascular endothelial function. Images of SVA and DVA are illustrative for RVA data analysis. For each PCS patient and healthy cohort, venular vessel diameter of the three measurement cycles was calculated and plotted on a diameter-time curve. Patients exhibited reduced flicker-induced dilation in veins (vFID) measured by dynamic vessel analysis (DVA) and lower central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and arteriolar-venular ratio (AVR) and a tendency towards higher central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) when compared to SARS-CoV-2 infection naïve participants. Created with BioRender.com.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Kuchler
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Günthner
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Ribeiro
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik IV, LMU University Hospital Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Hausinger
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Streese
- Faculty of Health Care, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Anna Wöhnl
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Kesseler
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Negele
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Tarek Assali
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Javier Carbajo-Lozoya
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik IV, LMU University Hospital Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Schneider
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Stubbe
- Medizinische Klinik Und Poliklinik II, LMU University Hospital Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Preventive Sports Medicine and Systems Physiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Kotilar
- Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str. 1, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- School of Medicine, Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Heemann
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmaderer
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Department of Nephrology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Trier NH, Houen G. Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Auto-Immune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13609. [PMID: 37686415 PMCID: PMC10487534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is defined by the presence of antibodies and/or T cells directed against self-components. Although of unknown etiology, autoimmunity commonly is associated with environmental factors such as infections, which have been reported to increase the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Occasionally, similarities between infectious non-self and self-tissue antigens may contribute to immunological cross-reactivity in autoimmune diseases. These reactions may be interpreted as molecular mimicry, which describes cross-reactivity between foreign pathogens and self-antigens that have been reported to cause tissue damage and to contribute to the development of autoimmunity. By focusing on the nature of antibodies, cross-reactivity in general, and antibody-antigen interactions, this review aims to characterize the nature of potential cross-reactive immune reactions between infectious non-self and self-tissue antigens which may be associated with autoimmunity but may not actually be the cause of disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hartwig Trier
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-23, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 1-23, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Rojas M, Herrán M, Ramírez-Santana C, Leung PSC, Anaya JM, Ridgway WM, Gershwin ME. Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity in the time of COVID-19. J Autoimmun 2023; 139:103070. [PMID: 37390745 PMCID: PMC10258587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are commonly implicated as potential initiators of autoimmune diseases (ADs) and represent the most commonly known factor in the development of autoimmunity in susceptible individuals. Epidemiological data and animal studies on multiple ADs suggest that molecular mimicry is one of the likely mechanisms for the loss of peripheral tolerance and the development of clinical disease. Besides molecular mimicry, other mechanisms such as defects in central tolerance, nonspecific bystander activation, epitope-determinant spreading, and/or constant antigenic stimuli, may also contribute for breach of tolerance and to the development of ADs. Linear peptide homology is not the only mechanism by which molecular mimicry is established. Peptide modeling (i.e., 3D structure), molecular docking analyses, and affinity estimation for HLAs are emerging as critical strategies when studying the links of molecular mimicry in the development of autoimmunity. In the current pandemic, several reports have confirmed an influence of SARS-CoV-2 on subsequent autoimmunity. Bioinformatic and experimental evidence support the potential role of molecular mimicry. Peptide dimensional analysis requires more research and will be increasingly important for designing and distributing vaccines and better understanding the role of environmental factors related to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rojas
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
| | - María Herrán
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Health Research and Innovation Center at Coosalud, Cartagena, 130001, Colombia
| | - William M Ridgway
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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10
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Sweet DR, Freeman ML, Zidar DA. Immunohematologic Biomarkers in COVID-19: Insights into Pathogenesis, Prognosis, and Prevention. Pathog Immun 2023; 8:17-50. [PMID: 37427016 PMCID: PMC10324469 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v8i1.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had profound effects on the health of individuals and on healthcare systems worldwide. While healthcare workers on the frontlines have fought to quell multiple waves of infection, the efforts of the larger research community have changed the arch of this pandemic as well. This review will focus on biomarker discovery and other efforts to identify features that predict outcomes, and in so doing, identify possible effector and passenger mechanisms of adverse outcomes. Identifying measurable soluble factors, cell-types, and clinical parameters that predict a patient's disease course will have a legacy for the study of immunologic responses, especially stimuli, which induce an overactive, yet ineffectual immune system. As prognostic biomarkers were identified, some have served to represent pathways of therapeutic interest in clinical trials. The pandemic conditions have created urgency for accelerated target identification and validation. Collectively, these COVID-19 studies of biomarkers, disease outcomes, and therapeutic efficacy have revealed that immunologic systems and responses to stimuli are more heterogeneous than previously assumed. Understanding the genetic and acquired features that mediate divergent immunologic outcomes in response to this global exposure is ongoing and will ultimately improve our preparedness for future pandemics, as well as impact preventive approaches to other immunologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Sweet
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - David A. Zidar
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Cardiology Section, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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11
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Urusov AE, Aulova KS, Dmitrenok PS, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. EAE of Mice: Enzymatic Cross Site-Specific Hydrolysis of H2A Histone by IgGs against H2A, H1, H2B, H3, and H4 Histones and Myelin Basic Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108636. [PMID: 37239982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Histones play vital roles in chromatin function and gene transcription; however, they are very harmful in the intercellular space because they stimulate systemic inflammatory and toxic responses. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the major protein of the axon myelin-proteolipid sheath. Antibodies-abzymes with various catalytic activities are specific features of some autoimmune diseases. IgGs against individual histones (H2A, H1, H2B, H3, and H4) and MBP were isolated from the blood of experimental-autoimmune-encephalomyelitis-prone C57BL/6 mice by several affinity chromatographies. These Abs-abzymes corresponded to various stages of EAE development: spontaneous EAE, MOG, and DNA-histones accelerated the onset, acute, and remission stages. IgGs-abzymes against MBP and five individual histones showed unusual polyreactivity in the complex formation and enzymatic cross-reactivity in the specific hydrolysis of the H2A histone. All the IgGs of 3-month-old mice (zero time) against MBP and individual histones demonstrated from 4 to 35 different H2A hydrolysis sites. The spontaneous development of EAE over 60 days led to a significant change in the type and number of H2A histone hydrolysis sites by IgGs against five histones and MBP. Mice treatment with MOG and the DNA-histone complex changed the type and number of H2A hydrolysis sites compared to zero time. The minimum number (4) of different H2A hydrolysis sites was found for IgGs against H2A (zero time), while the maximum (35) for anti-H2B IgGs (60 days after mice treatment with DNA-histone complex). Overall, it was first demonstrated that at different stages of EAE evolution, IgGs-abzymes against individual histones and MBP could significantly differ in the number and type of specific sites of H2A hydrolysis. The possible reasons for the catalytic cross-reactivity and great differences in the number and type of histone H2A cleavage sites were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey E Urusov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kseniya S Aulova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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12
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Urusov AE, Aulova KS, Dmitrenok PS, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. EAE of Mice: Enzymatic Cross Site-Specific Hydrolysis of H2B Histone by IgGs against H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 Histones and Myelin Basic Protein. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072973. [PMID: 37049736 PMCID: PMC10095689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histones have vital roles in chromatin functioning and gene transcription. At the same time, they are pernicious in intercellular space because they stimulate systemic inflammatory and toxic responses. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the major protein of the axon myelin–proteolipid sheath. Antibody-abzymes with various catalytic activities are specific features of some autoimmune diseases. IgGs against five individual histones (H2B, H1, H2A, H3, and H4) and MBP were isolated from the blood of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-prone C57BL/6 mice by affinity chromatography. Abzymes corresponding to various stages of EAE development, including spontaneous EAE, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)- and DNA-histone complex-accelerated onset, as well as acute and remission stages, were analyzed. IgG-abzymes against MBP and five individual histones showed unusual polyreactivity in complex formation and enzymatic cross-reactivity in the specific hydrolysis of H2B histone. All IgGs against MBP and individual histones in 3-month-old mice (zero time) demonstrated from 4 to 11 different H2B hydrolysis sites. Spontaneous development of EAE during 60 days led to a significant change in the type and number of H2B hydrolysis sites by IgGs against the five histones and MBP. Mouse treatment with MOG and DNA-histone complex changed the type and number of H2B hydrolysis sites compared to zero time. The minimum number (3) of different H2B hydrolysis sites was found for IgGs against H3 20 days after mouse immunization with DNA-histone complex, whereas the maximum number (33) for anti-H2B IgGs was found 60 days after mouse treatment with DNA-histone complex. Overall, this is the first study to demonstrate that at different stages of EAE evolution, IgG-abzymes against five individual histones and MBP could significantly differ in the specific sites and number of H2B hydrolysis sites. Possible reasons for the catalytic cross-reactivity and significant differences in the number and type of histone H2B cleavage sites were analyzed.
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13
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Baiocchi GC, Vojdani A, Rosenberg AZ, Vojdani E, Halpert G, Ostrinski Y, Zyskind I, Filgueiras IS, Schimke LF, Marques AHC, Giil LM, Lavi YB, Silverberg JI, Zimmerman J, Hill DA, Thornton A, Kim M, De Vito R, Fonseca DLM, Plaça DR, Freire PP, Camara NOS, Calich VLG, Scheibenbogen C, Heidecke H, Lattin MT, Ochs HD, Riemekasten G, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y, Cabral-Marques O. Cross-sectional analysis reveals autoantibody signatures associated with COVID-19 severity. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28538. [PMID: 36722456 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with increased levels of autoantibodies targeting immunological proteins such as cytokines and chemokines. Reports further indicate that COVID-19 patients may develop a broad spectrum of autoimmune diseases due to reasons not fully understood. Even so, the landscape of autoantibodies induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection remains uncharted territory. To gain more insight, we carried out a comprehensive assessment of autoantibodies known to be linked to diverse autoimmune diseases observed in COVID-19 patients in a cohort of 231 individuals, of which 161 were COVID-19 patients (72 with mild, 61 moderate, and 28 with severe disease) and 70 were healthy controls. Dysregulated IgG and IgA autoantibody signatures, characterized mainly by elevated concentrations, occurred predominantly in patients with moderate or severe COVID-19 infection. Autoantibody levels often accompanied anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations while stratifying COVID-19 severity as indicated by random forest and principal component analyses. Furthermore, while young versus elderly COVID-19 patients showed only slight differences in autoantibody levels, elderly patients with severe disease presented higher IgG autoantibody concentrations than young individuals with severe COVID-19. This work maps the intersection of COVID-19 and autoimmunity by demonstrating the dysregulation of multiple autoantibodies triggered during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, this cross-sectional study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces autoantibody signatures associated with COVID-19 severity and several autoantibodies that can be used as biomarkers of COVID-19 severity, indicating autoantibodies as potential therapeutical targets for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela C Baiocchi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Laboratory, Inc., Department of Immunology, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Cyrex Laboratories, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Gilad Halpert
- Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Saint Petersburg State University Russia, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuri Ostrinski
- Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Saint Petersburg State University Russia, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Israel Zyskind
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Igor S Filgueiras
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lena F Schimke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H C Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lasse M Giil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yael B Lavi
- Department of Chemistry Ben Gurion University Beer-Sheva, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Myungjin Kim
- Data Science Initiative at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Roberta De Vito
- Department of Biostatistics and the Data Science Initiative at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Dennyson L M Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Desireé R Plaça
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula P Freire
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera L G Calich
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Scheibenbogen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Heidecke
- CellTrend Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Luckenwalde, Germany
| | - Miriam T Lattin
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, Manhatten, New York, USA
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Howard Amital
- Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Saint Petersburg State University Russia, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy and Postgraduate Program of Health and Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Saxton E, Panchasara B, Sarangapani S. Optic Neuritis following Second Administration of COVID-19 Vaccine: A Case Report. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2023; 14:394-399. [PMID: 37901633 PMCID: PMC10601799 DOI: 10.1159/000531526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A 28-year-old woman presented to eye casualty with signs and symptoms suggestive of optic neuritis following a recent COVID-19 vaccination (the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine). The best corrected visual acuity was 6/15 in the right eye and 6/6 in the left eye with a relative afferent pupillary defect in the right eye. Following examination and investigation, she was found to fit the McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis and was commenced on disease-modifying therapy. Demyelinating events have been identified to occur following COVID-19 vaccinations. In this case, we have found that the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine could have contributed to the development of optic neuritis following a second dose of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Saxton
- Luton and Dunstable Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
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15
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Needham EJ, Ren AL, Digby RJ, Norton EJ, Ebrahimi S, Outtrim JG, Chatfield DA, Manktelow AE, Leibowitz MM, Newcombe VFJ, Doffinger R, Barcenas-Morales G, Fonseca C, Taussig MJ, Burnstein RM, Samanta RJ, Dunai C, Sithole N, Ashton NJ, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M, Edén A, Marklund E, Openshaw PJM, Dunning J, Griffiths MJ, Cavanagh J, Breen G, Irani SR, Elmer A, Kingston N, Summers C, Bradley JR, Taams LS, Michael BD, Bullmore ET, Smith KGC, Lyons PA, Coles AJ, Menon DK. Brain injury in COVID-19 is associated with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. Brain 2022; 145:4097-4107. [PMID: 36065116 PMCID: PMC9494359 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is associated with neurological complications including stroke, delirium and encephalitis. Furthermore, a post-viral syndrome dominated by neuropsychiatric symptoms is common, and is seemingly unrelated to COVID-19 severity. The true frequency and underlying mechanisms of neurological injury are unknown, but exaggerated host inflammatory responses appear to be a key driver of COVID-19 severity. We investigated the dynamics of, and relationship between, serum markers of brain injury [neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and total tau] and markers of dysregulated host response (autoantibody production and cytokine profiles) in 175 patients admitted with COVID-19 and 45 patients with influenza. During hospitalization, sera from patients with COVID-19 demonstrated elevations of NfL and GFAP in a severity-dependent manner, with evidence of ongoing active brain injury at follow-up 4 months later. These biomarkers were associated with elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the presence of autoantibodies to a large number of different antigens. Autoantibodies were commonly seen against lung surfactant proteins but also brain proteins such as myelin associated glycoprotein. Commensurate findings were seen in the influenza cohort. A distinct process characterized by elevation of serum total tau was seen in patients at follow-up, which appeared to be independent of initial disease severity and was not associated with dysregulated immune responses unlike NfL and GFAP. These results demonstrate that brain injury is a common consequence of both COVID-19 and influenza, and is therefore likely to be a feature of severe viral infection more broadly. The brain injury occurs in the context of dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses, with no single pathogenic mechanism clearly responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Needham
- Correspondence to: Edward Needham Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK E-mail:
| | - Alexander L Ren
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J Digby
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma J Norton
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Soraya Ebrahimi
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanne G Outtrim
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Doris A Chatfield
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne E Manktelow
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya M Leibowitz
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Claudia Fonseca
- Cambridge Protein Arrays Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael J Taussig
- Cambridge Protein Arrays Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rowan M Burnstein
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Romit J Samanta
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Cordelia Dunai
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Neuroimmunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nyarie Sithole
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Magnus Gisslén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arden Edén
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emelie Marklund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jake Dunning
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Griffiths
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Department of Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sarosh R Irani
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Anne Elmer
- Cambridge Clinical Research Centre, NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathalie Kingston
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlotte Summers
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leonie S Taams
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI) and Department Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Benedict D Michael
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Neuroimmunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alasdair J Coles
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - David K Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
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16
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Hartung TJ, Neumann C, Bahmer T, Chaplinskaya-Sobol I, Endres M, Geritz J, Haeusler KG, Heuschmann PU, Hildesheim H, Hinz A, Hopff S, Horn A, Krawczak M, Krist L, Kudelka J, Lieb W, Maetzler C, Mehnert-Theuerkauf A, Montellano FA, Morbach C, Schmidt S, Schreiber S, Steigerwald F, Störk S, Maetzler W, Finke C. Fatigue and cognitive impairment after COVID-19: A prospective multicentre study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 53:101651. [PMID: 36133318 PMCID: PMC9482331 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable estimates of frequency, severity and associated factors of both fatigue and cognitive impairment after COVID-19 are needed. Also, it is not clear whether the two are distinct sequelae of COVID-19 or part of the same syndrome." METHODS In this prospective multicentre study, frequency of post-COVID fatigue and cognitive impairment were assessed in n = 969 patients (535 [55%] female) ≥6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection with the FACIT-Fatigue scale (cut-off ≤30) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (≤25 mild, ≤17 moderate impairment) between November 15, 2020 and September 29, 2021 at University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel and University Hospital Würzburg in Germany. 969 matched non-COVID controls were drawn from a pre-pandemic, randomised, Germany-wide population survey which also included the FACIT-Fatigue scale. Associated sociodemographic, comorbid, clinical, psychosocial factors and laboratory markers were identified with univariate and multivariable linear regression models. FINDINGS On average 9 months after infection, 19% of patients had clinically relevant fatigue, compared to 8% of matched non-COVID controls (p < 0.001). Factors associated with fatigue were female gender, younger age, history of depression and the number of acute COVID symptoms. Among acute COVID symptoms, altered consciousness, dizziness and myalgia were most strongly associated with long-term fatigue. Moreover, 26% of patients had mild and 1% had moderate cognitive impairment. Factors associated with cognitive impairment were older age, male gender, shorter education and a history of neuropsychiatric disease. There was no significant correlation between fatigue and cognitive impairment and only 5% of patients suffered from both conditions. INTERPRETATION Fatigue and cognitive impairment are two common, but distinct sequelae of COVID-19 with potentially separate pathophysiological pathways. FUNDING German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).
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Key Words
- CI, confidence interval
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- Cognitive dysfunction
- Fatigue
- GAD-7, 7-item anxiety screening questionnaire
- MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment
- NAPKON, National Pandemic Cohort Network
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PHQ-8, 8-item depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire
- PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
- Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome caused by Corona Virus 2
- VIF, variance inflation factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J. Hartung
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Neumann
- Neurology Department, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- Internal Medicine Department I, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Endres
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Excellence Cluster NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Geritz
- Neurology Department, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Peter U. Heuschmann
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Clinical Trial Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Hildesheim
- Neurology Department, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sina Hopff
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Horn
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lilian Krist
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kudelka
- Neurology Department, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Corina Maetzler
- Neurology Department, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Mehnert-Theuerkauf
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felipe A. Montellano
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University and University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Morbach
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department for Medicine I and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sein Schmidt
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinical Study Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Kiel, Germany
| | - Flo Steigerwald
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Störk
- Department of Clinical Research & Epidemiology, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Neurology Department, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carsten Finke
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Suzuki Y, Shiba T. Chronic cold agglutinin disease after a third COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Int J Hematol 2022; 117:618-621. [PMID: 36309629 PMCID: PMC9617524 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines manufactured by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna have been approved in many countries, and have been administered since 2020. Recent reports of mRNA vaccination exacerbating autoimmune hematologic disorders, such as immune thrombocytopenia or autoimmune hemolytic anemia, have caught the attention of the general public, resulting in alarm over the risks of serious consequences. Meanwhile, in very rare cases, vaccination was reported to trigger new onset of hemolytic anemia. However, it remains unknown whether this was a transient reaction or a persistent event, because all cases reported to date were immediately treated with corticosteroids or rituximab. Here, we present a case of newly diagnosed cold agglutinin disease after a third COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. The patient was followed for 4 months without treatment and continued to exhibit high levels of cold agglutinin and aggregation of red blood cells. The present case indicates that the disease can become chronic, and provides insights into the pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
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18
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Georgakilas GK, Galanopoulos AP, Tsinaris Z, Kyritsi M, Mouchtouri VA, Speletas M, Hadjichristodoulou C. Machine-Learning-Assisted Analysis of TCR Profiling Data Unveils Cross-Reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and a Wide Spectrum of Pathogens and Other Diseases. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1531. [PMID: 36290433 PMCID: PMC9598299 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
During the last two years, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has led to millions of deaths worldwide, with a devastating socio-economic impact on a global scale. The scientific community's focus has recently shifted towards the association of the T cell immunological repertoire with COVID-19 progression and severity, by utilising T cell receptor sequencing (TCR-Seq) assays. The Multiplexed Identification of T cell Receptor Antigen (MIRA) dataset, which is a subset of the immunoACCESS study, provides thousands of TCRs that can specifically recognise SARS-CoV-2 epitopes. Our study proposes a novel Machine Learning (ML)-assisted approach for analysing TCR-Seq data from the antigens' point of view, with the ability to unveil key antigens that can accurately distinguish between MIRA COVID-19-convalescent and healthy individuals based on differences in the triggered immune response. Some SARS-CoV-2 antigens were found to exhibit equal levels of recognition by MIRA TCRs in both convalescent and healthy cohorts, leading to the assumption of putative cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious agents. This hypothesis was tested by combining MIRA with other public TCR profiling repositories that host assays and sequencing data concerning a plethora of pathogens. Our study provides evidence regarding putative cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and a wide spectrum of pathogens and diseases, with M. tuberculosis and Influenza virus exhibiting the highest levels of cross-reactivity. These results can potentially shift the emphasis of immunological studies towards an increased application of TCR profiling assays that have the potential to uncover key mechanisms of cell-mediated immune response against pathogens and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios K. Georgakilas
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larisa, Greece
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Achilleas P. Galanopoulos
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larisa, Greece
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | - Zafeiris Tsinaris
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larisa, Greece
| | - Maria Kyritsi
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larisa, Greece
| | - Varvara A. Mouchtouri
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larisa, Greece
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
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19
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DeWolf S, Laracy JC, Perales MA, Kamboj M, van den Brink MRM, Vardhana S. SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised individuals. Immunity 2022; 55:1779-1798. [PMID: 36182669 PMCID: PMC9468314 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunocompromised individuals and particularly those with hematologic malignancies are at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2-associated morbidity and mortality due to immunologic deficits that limit prevention, treatment, and clearance of the virus. Understanding the natural history of viral infections in people with impaired immunity due to underlying conditions, immunosuppressive therapy, or a combination thereof has emerged as a critical area of investigation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies focused on these individuals have provided key insights into aspects of innate and adaptive immunity underlying both the antiviral immune response and excess inflammation in the setting of COVID-19. This review presents what is known about distinct states of immunologic vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 and how this information can be harnessed to improve prevention and treatment strategies for immunologically high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan DeWolf
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin C Laracy
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mini Kamboj
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Santosha Vardhana
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Ramdas S, Hum RM, Price A, Paul A, Bland J, Burke G, Farrugia M, Palace J, Storrie A, Ho P, Standing E, Lilleker JB, Jungbluth H. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and new-onset myasthenia gravis: A report of 7 cases and review of the literature. Neuromuscul Disord 2022; 32:785-789. [PMID: 36130855 PMCID: PMC9443923 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated immune disorder of the neuromuscular junction. SARS-CoV-2 is now recognised as a trigger factor for autoimmune diseases and to cause immune-mediated dysregulation, likely due to molecular mimicry induced by viral antigens. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, similarly, results in exposure to viral antigen. Here we report 7 cases of new-onset myasthenia gravis in timely association with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, including the first paediatric case identified to date. We also reviewed the literature for other new-onset MG cases reported within 4 weeks of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and discuss our findings in the context of altered (auto)immunity following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and/or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithara Ramdas
- MDUK Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Malcolm Hum
- The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Price
- Department of Paediatrics, QEQM Hospital, Margate, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Paul
- Department of Paediatrics, QEQM Hospital, Margate, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Bland
- Department of Neurophysiology, East Kent University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Burke
- Wessex Neurological Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Farrugia
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Storrie
- The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Ho
- The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Standing
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - James B Lilleker
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College, London, United Kingdom.
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21
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Urusov AE, Aulova KS, Dmitrenok PS, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis of Mice: Enzymatic Cross Site-Specific Hydrolysis of H4 Histone by IgGs against Histones and Myelin Basic Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169182. [PMID: 36012448 PMCID: PMC9409114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Histones play vital roles in chromatin functioning and gene transcription, but in intercellular space, they are harmful due to stimulating systemic inflammatory and toxic responses. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is the most important protein of the axon myelin–proteolipid sheath. Antibodies-abzymes with different catalytic activities are critical and specific features of some autoimmune diseases. Five IgG preparations against histones (H4, H1, H2A, H2B, and H3) and against MBP corresponding to different spontaneous, MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein of mice), and DNA–histones that accelerated onset, acute, and remission stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; model of human multiple sclerosis) development were obtained from EAE-prone C57BL/6 mice by several affinity chromatographies. IgG-abzymes against five histones and MBP possess unusual polyreactivity in complexation and catalytic cross-reactivity in the hydrolysis of histone H4. IgGs against five histones and MBP corresponding to 3 month-old mice (zero time) in comparison with Abs corresponding to spontaneous development of EAE during 60 days differ in type and number of H4 sites for hydrolysis. Immunization of mice with MOG and DNA–histones complex results in an acceleration of EAE development associated with an increase in the activity of antibodies in H4 hydrolysis. Twenty days after mouse immunization with MOG or DNA–histones complex, the IgGs hydrolyze H4 at other additional sites compared to zero time. The maximum number of different sites of H4 hydrolysis was revealed for IgGs against five histones and MBP at 60 days after immunization of mice with MOG and DNA–histones. Overall, it first showed that at different stages of EAE development, abzymes could significantly differ in specific sites of H4 hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey E. Urusov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kseniya S. Aulova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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22
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Castleman MJ, Stumpf MM, Therrien NR, Smith MJ, Lesteberg KE, Palmer BE, Maloney JP, Janssen WJ, Mould KJ, Beckham JD, Pelanda R, Torres RM. SARS-CoV-2 infection relaxes peripheral B cell tolerance. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20212553. [PMID: 35420627 PMCID: PMC9014793 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with strong inflammation and autoantibody production against diverse self-antigens, suggesting a system-wide defect in B cell tolerance. BND cells are a B cell subset in healthy individuals harboring autoreactive but anergic B lymphocytes. In vitro evidence suggests inflammatory stimuli can breach peripheral B cell tolerance in this subset. We asked whether SARS-CoV-2-associated inflammation impairs BND cell peripheral tolerance. To address this, PBMCs and plasma were collected from healthy controls, individuals immunized against SARS-CoV-2, or subjects with convalescent or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. We demonstrate that BND cells from severely infected individuals are significantly activated, display reduced inhibitory receptor expression, and restored BCR signaling, indicative of a breach in anergy during viral infection, supported by increased levels of autoreactive antibodies. The phenotypic and functional BND cell alterations significantly correlate with increased inflammation in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, autoreactive BND cells are released from peripheral tolerance with SARS-CoV-2 infection, likely as a consequence of robust systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah J. Castleman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Megan M. Stumpf
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Nicholas R. Therrien
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Mia J. Smith
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Kelsey E. Lesteberg
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Brent E. Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - James P. Maloney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - William J. Janssen
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Kara J. Mould
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - J. David Beckham
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Medical Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Raul M. Torres
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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23
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Anti-double stranded DNA antibodies: A rational diagnostic approach in limited resource settings. Pract Lab Med 2022; 31:e00285. [PMID: 35711387 PMCID: PMC9192786 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2022.e00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibodies (dsDNA Abs) are highly specific markers of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Multiple methods are employed for their detection in routine diagnostics. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate a diagnostic approach for anti-dsDNA Abs using DNA-ELISA and Crithidia luciliae fluorescence test (CLIFT), in combination with antinuclear antibody (ANA) screening. Methods We enrolled 113 patients—53 with SLE, 50 with other systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (OSARD), and 10 with non-autoimmune clinical conditions (NAICC). Patients’ samples were tested for anti-dsDNA Abs using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and CLIFT, combined to ANA screening by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ANA-IIFA). Results The mean age of patients was 39.94 ± 15 years (ranges: 11–85 years). Overall, specimens from 77.3%, 11.7%, and 20% of patients with SLE, OSARD and NAICC respectively were ELISA-positive; and those from 54.7% to 4% of patients with SLE and OSARD, respectively, were CLIFT-positive. CLIFT positivity was significantly associated with high ELISA titers (p = 0.002) and homogeneous ANA-IIF pattern (p = 0.0002). Conclusion For better clinical relevance of anti-dsDNA antibodies, we suggest a combined detection strategy based on ELISA, CLIFT and ANA-IIFA, considering the clinical criteria of SLE. Anti-dsDNA Abs represent an excellent indicator of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activity and valuable diagnostic biomarker. We tested 103 autoimmune disease cases and 10 non-autoimmune condition cases for anti-dsDNA Abs using DNA and CLIFT, in combination with ANA-IIF screening. CLIFT positivity was significantly associated with high DNA-ELISA titers (p = 0.002) and homogeneous ANA-IIF pattern (p = 0.0002). High DNA-ELISA titers with a positive CLIFT are clinically relevant for the diagnosis of SLE, especially in the presence of a homogeneous ANA-IIF pattern.
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24
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Autoimmune Effect of Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061141. [PMID: 35746613 PMCID: PMC9228376 DOI: 10.3390/v14061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is continuing to spread around the world and drastically affect our daily life. New strains appear, and the severity of the course of the disease itself seems to be decreasing, but even people who have been ill on an outpatient basis suffer post-COVID consequences. Partly, it is associated with the autoimmune reactions, so debates about the development of new vaccines and the need for vaccination/revaccination continue. In this study we performed an analysis of the antibody response of patients with COVID-19 to linear and conformational epitopes of viral proteins using ELISA, chip array and western blot with analysis of correlations between antibody titer, disease severity, and complications. We have shown that the presence of IgG antibodies to the nucleoprotein can deteriorate the course of the disease, induce multiple direct COVID-19 symptoms, and contribute to long-term post-covid symptoms. We analyzed the cross reactivity of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 with own human proteins and showed that antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein can bind to human proteins. In accordance with the possibility of HLA presentation, the main possible targets of the autoantibodies were identified. People with HLA alleles A01:01; A26:01; B39:01; B15:01 are most susceptible to the development of autoimmune processes after COVID-19.
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25
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Das P, Minz RW, Saikia B, Sharma A, Anand S, Singh H, Singh S. Association of Human Leucocyte Antigen Class II, with viral load and immune response to Epstein-Barr virus in adult and pediatric Systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2022; 31:1054-1066. [PMID: 35607991 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease, which is known to be associated with HLA-DRB1 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In the Indian subcontinent where there is high seroendemicity of EBV, we postulated that the association of this virus in adult SLE (aSLE) and pediatric SLE (pSLE) patients would be different and differentially associate with the HLA-DRB1 susceptibility and protective genes. METHODS A total of 109 aSLE, 52 pSLE, 215 adult healthy and 63 pediatric healthy controls were recruited. HLA-DRB1 genotyping by PCR-SSP, EBV load estimation by real-time PCR and antibody profiling (IgG & IgM) to EBV antigens by line blot assay were performed. RESULTS DRB1*15 was found predominant in pSLE patients and DRB1*03 in aSLE patients. DRB1*15/X heterozygous was predominant in overall SLE patients, although disease severity, like hypocomplementemia, higher autoantibody levels and more organ involvement was observed in *15/*15 homozygous state. EBV strongly associated with pSLE patients showing higher percent of EA-D IgG (p < 0.0001) and p22 IgG (p = 0.035) along with higher viral load (p = 0.001) as compared to healthy controls. In addition, the higher EBV DNA load significantly associated with anti-EA-D IgG (p = 0.013) and DRB1*15/*15 (p = 0.007) in pSLE patients as compared to aSLE patients. CONCLUSIONS This study therefore indicates that different HLA-DRB1 allotypes confer susceptibility to SLE in children and adults and disease may be triggered by increased EBV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Das
- Department of Immunopathology, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjana W Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Biman Saikia
- Department of Immunopathology, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shashi Anand
- Department of Immunopathology, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Heera Singh
- Department of Immunopathology, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surjit Singh
- Advanced Pediatric Centre, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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26
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Taheri A, Davoodi L, Soleymani E, Ahmadi N. New‐onset myasthenia gravis after novel coronavirus 2019 infection. Respirol Case Rep 2022; 10:e0978. [PMID: 35620352 PMCID: PMC9125167 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the years since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, numerous neurological manifestations have been reported following this novel virus. Myasthenia gravis is one of them. Here, we present the patient that was referred to us with myasthenia gravis symptoms after a COVID‐19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lotfollah Davoodi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, and Department of Infectious Diseases Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
| | - Eissa Soleymani
- Parasitology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
| | - Noushin Ahmadi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, and Department of Infectious Diseases Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran
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27
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Timofeeva A, Sedykh S, Nevinsky G. Post-Immune Antibodies in HIV-1 Infection in the Context of Vaccine Development: A Variety of Biological Functions and Catalytic Activities. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030384. [PMID: 35335016 PMCID: PMC8955465 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike many other viruses, HIV-1 is highly variable. The structure of the viral envelope changes as the infection progresses and is one of the biggest obstacles in developing an HIV-1 vaccine. HIV-1 infection can cause the production of various natural autoantibodies, including catalytic antibodies hydrolyzing DNA, myelin basic protein, histones, HIV-integrase, HIV-reverse transcriptase, β-casein, serum albumin, and some other natural substrates. Currently, there are various directions for the development of HIV-1 vaccines: stimulation of the immune response on the mucous membranes; induction of cytotoxic T cells, which lyse infected cells and hold back HIV-infection; immunization with recombinant Env proteins or vectors encoding Env; mRNA-based vaccines and some others. However, despite many attempts to develop an HIV-1 vaccine, none have been successful. Here we review the entire spectrum of antibodies found in HIV-infected patients, including neutralizing antibodies specific to various viral epitopes, as well as antibodies formed against various autoantigens, catalytic antibodies against autoantigens, and some viral proteins. We consider various promising targets for developing a vaccine that will not produce unwanted antibodies in vaccinated patients. In addition, we review common problems in the development of a vaccine against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Timofeeva
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.); (G.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-91-32-027-154
| | - Sergey Sedykh
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.); (G.N.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy Nevinsky
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.); (G.N.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Calabria E, Canfora F, Mascolo M, Varricchio S, Mignogna MD, Adamo D. Autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering diseases after SARS-Cov-2 vaccination: a case report of pemphigus vulgaris and a literature review. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 232:153834. [PMID: 35278817 PMCID: PMC8896864 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Cases of severe autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) have recently been reported in association with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. Aims To describe a report of oropharyngeal Pemphigus Vulgaris (OPV) triggered by the mRNABNT162b2 vaccine (Comirnaty®/ Pfizer/ BioNTech) and to analyze the clinical and immunological characteristics of the AIBDs cases reported following the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Methods The clinical and immunological features of our case of OPV were documented. A review of the literature was conducted and only cases of AIBDs arising after the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were included. Case report A 60-year old female patients developed oropharyngeal and nasal bullous lesions seven days after the administration of a second dose of the mRNABNT162b2 vaccine (Comirnaty®/ Pfizer/BioNtech). According to the histology and direct immunofluorescence findings showing the presence of supra-basal blister and intercellular staining of IgG antibodies and the presence of a high level of anti-Dsg-3 antibodies (80 U/ml; normal < 7 U/ml) in the serum of the patients, a diagnosis of oropharyngeal Pemphigus Vulgaris was made. Review A total of 35 AIBDs cases triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were found (including our report). 26 (74.3%) were diagnosed as Bullous Pemphigoid, 2 (5.7%) as Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis, 6 (17.1%) as Pemphigus Vulgaris and 1 (2.9%) as Pemphigus Foliaceus. The mean age of the sample was 72.8 years and there was a predominance of males over females (F:M=1:1.7). In 22 (62.9%) cases, the disease developed after Pfizer vaccine administration, 6 (17.1%) after Moderna, 3 (8.6%) after AstraZeneca, 3 (8.6%) after CoronaVac (one was not specified). All patients were treated with topical and/or systemic corticosteroids, with or without the addition of immunosuppressive drugs, with a good clinical response in every case. Conclusion Clinicians should be aware of the potential, though rare, occurrence of AIBDs as a possible adverse event after the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However, notwithstanding, they should encourage their patients to obtain the vaccination in order to assist the public health systems to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic.
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The Blood of the HIV-Infected Patients Contains κ-IgG, λ-IgG, and Bispecific κλ-IgG, Which Possess DNase and Amylolytic Activity. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020304. [PMID: 35207591 PMCID: PMC8880267 DOI: 10.3390/life12020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Though hundreds of thousands of papers are currently being published on HIV/AIDS, only tens of hundreds of them are devoted to the antibodies generated during the disease. Most of these papers discuss antibodies in HIV/AIDS as a diagnostic tool, and some articles describe neutralizing antibodies as a promising treatment. In this paper, we used affinity chromatography and ELISA to isolate natural IgG from the blood of 26 HIV-infected patients. IgG preparations were separated into the subfractions containing different types of light chains, and catalytic activities of subfractions were analyzed. Here, we show for the first time that the blood of HIV patients contains ~20% of bispecific κλ-IgG, presented with all IgG subclasses. Analysis of DNA-hydrolyzing and amylolytic activity show that most IgG preparations and subfractions are catalytically active. Our results expand the possible biological functions of natural IgG in HIV infection.
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30
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Mehandru S, Merad M. Pathological sequelae of long-haul COVID. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:194-202. [PMID: 35105985 PMCID: PMC9127978 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The world continues to contend with successive waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), fueled by the emergence of viral variants. At the same time, persistent, prolonged and often debilitating sequelae are increasingly recognized in convalescent individuals, named 'post-COVID-19 syndrome' or 'long-haul COVID'. Clinical symptomatology includes fatigue, malaise, dyspnea, defects in memory and concentration and a variety of neuropsychiatric syndromes as the major manifestations, and several organ systems can be involved. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood at present. This Review details organ-specific sequelae of post-COVID-19 syndromes and examines the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms available so far, elaborating on persistent inflammation, induced autoimmunity and putative viral reservoirs. Finally, we propose diagnostic strategies to better understand this heterogeneous disorder that continues to afflict millions of people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Mehandru
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Miriam Merad
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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31
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Hirose S, Hara M, Koda K, Natori N, Yokota Y, Ninomiya S, Nakajima H. Acute autoimmune transverse myelitis following COVID-19 vaccination: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28423. [PMID: 34941191 PMCID: PMC8701778 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Transverse myelitis is an infectious or noninfectious inflammatory spinal cord syndrome. We report a rare case of transverse myelitis following vaccination against COVID-19. PATIENT CONCERNS A 70-year-old male presented with progressive sensorimotor dysfunction of the bilateral lower limbs 7 days after receiving the mRNA-1273 vaccine against COVID-19. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging revealed intramedullary lesions with gadolinium enhancement on the Th1/2 and Th5/6 vertebral levels. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing showed a mildly increased level of total protein and positive oligoclonal bands (OCB). DIAGNOSIS The patient was diagnosed with acute transverse myelitis. INTERVENTION The patient received 5 days of intravenous methylprednisolone pulse (1000 mg/day) followed by oral prednisolone (30 mg/day with gradual tapering). OUTCOMES The patient fully recovered from muscle weakness of the lower limbs. He was discharged from our hospital and able to independently walk without unsteadiness. LESSON This is a rare case of transverse myelitis following COVID-19 vaccination. Positive OCB in CSF in the present case highlights the possibility of autoimmune processes, including polyclonal activation of B lymphocytes, following vaccination.
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32
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Alabkal J, Rebchuk AD, Lyndon D, Randhawa N. Incomplete Subacute Transverse Myelitis Following Vaccination With Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine: A Case Report. Cureus 2021; 13:e20460. [PMID: 35070526 PMCID: PMC8760850 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, rapid development, clinical testing, and regulatory approval of vaccines occurred. The tozinameran COVID-19 vaccine is the first mRNA vaccine approved for use in humans. Transverse myelitis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord that is associated with traditional vaccinations. There are rare case reports describing an association between mRNA vaccines and transverse myelitis. Herein, we describe a case of transverse myelitis following mRNA vaccination. A healthy 26-year-old woman developed saddle anesthesia, numbness, and allodynia in the S1-S4 distribution within three days of receiving the first dose of tozinameran COVID-19 vaccine. She had decreased sensation to pinprick, temperature, and light touch in S1-S4 distribution and a positive Rhomberg test. An MRI brain and spine demonstrated a short segment T2 hyperintense and diffusely enhancing lesion at T5. Cerebrospinal fluid studies demonstrated pleocytosis and elevated IgG index. A five-day course of IV methylprednisolone resulted in minimal improvements in her symptoms. Stage III clinical trials may be underpowered to detect more rare adverse effects such as transverse myelitis. Therefore, it is imperative to have ongoing surveillance and reporting of adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines to ensure transparency with regard to potential risks to patients obtaining the vaccine and algorithms in place for detection and urgent treatment if required. Nonetheless, the safety and efficacy of vaccination against COVID-19 are well established and greatly outweigh any potential risks associated with the vaccine. Given the individual, societal, and global health benefits of vaccination we strongly advocate for ongoing vaccinations against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrah Alabkal
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Alexander D Rebchuk
- Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Daniel Lyndon
- Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Nikkie Randhawa
- Division of Neurology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, CAN
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33
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Acute transverse myelitis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a case report and review of literature. J Neurol 2021. [PMID: 34482455 DOI: 10.1007/s00415‐021‐10785‐2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a unique case and literature review of post COVID-19 vaccination associated transverse myelitis and with abnormal MRI findings. BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease have been reported to be associated with several neurological manifestations such as stroke, Guillain-Barré syndrome, meningoencephalitis amongst others. There are only a few reported cases of transverse myelitis with the novel coronavirus (n-CoV-2). Here, we identify a post COVID-19 vaccination patient diagnosed with acute transverse myelitis. METHOD A retrospective chart review of a patient diagnosed with post SARS-CoV-2 vaccination acute transverse myelitis, and a review of literature of all the reported cases of other post vaccination and transverse myelitis, from December 1st, 2010 till July 15th, 2021, was performed. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the one of early reported case of transverse myelitis and with post SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, who responded well to plasmapheresis. Further studies would be recommended to identify the underlying correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and transverse myelitis.
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34
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Khan E, Shrestha AK, Colantonio MA, Liberio RN, Sriwastava S. Acute transverse myelitis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a case report and review of literature. J Neurol 2021; 269:1121-1132. [PMID: 34482455 PMCID: PMC8418691 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective To report a unique case and literature review of post COVID-19 vaccination associated transverse myelitis and with abnormal MRI findings. Background Coronavirus disease have been reported to be associated with several neurological manifestations such as stroke, Guillain-Barré syndrome, meningoencephalitis amongst others. There are only a few reported cases of transverse myelitis with the novel coronavirus (n-CoV-2). Here, we identify a post COVID-19 vaccination patient diagnosed with acute transverse myelitis. Method A retrospective chart review of a patient diagnosed with post SARS-CoV-2 vaccination acute transverse myelitis, and a review of literature of all the reported cases of other post vaccination and transverse myelitis, from December 1st, 2010 till July 15th, 2021, was performed. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the one of early reported case of transverse myelitis and with post SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, who responded well to plasmapheresis. Further studies would be recommended to identify the underlying correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and transverse myelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erum Khan
- B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.,Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Mark A Colantonio
- Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Richard N Liberio
- Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Shitiz Sriwastava
- Department of Neurology, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA. .,West Virginia Clinical Transitional Science, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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35
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Redwan EM, Alghamdi MF, El-Aziz TMA, Adadi P, Aljabali AAA, Attrish D, Azad GK, Baetas-da-Cruz W, Barh D, Bazan NG, Brufsky AM, Chauhan G, Hassan SKS, Kandimalla R, Lal A, Lundstrom K, Mishra YK, Choudhury PP, Palù G, Panda PK, Pizzol D, Rezaei N, Serrano-Aroca Á, Sherchan SP, Seyran M, Takayama K, Tambuwala MM, Uhal BD, Uversky VN. The mechanism behind flaring/triggering of autoimmunity disorders associated with COVID-19. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102909. [PMID: 34274539 PMCID: PMC8282442 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elrashdy M Redwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, 21934 Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed F Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory Department, University Medical Services Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Parise Adadi
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Irbid 566, Jordan.
| | - Diksha Attrish
- Dr. B R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi (North Camps), Delhi 110007, India
| | | | - Wagner Baetas-da-Cruz
- Translational Laboratory in Molecular Physiology, Centre for Experimental Surgery, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur WB-721172, India; Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, LSU Heath New Orleans, New Orleans 70112, USA.
| | - Adam M Brufsky
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Gaurav Chauhan
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - S K Sarif Hassan
- Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, Paschim Medinipur, 721140, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana State, India
| | - Amos Lal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- University of Southern Denmark, Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark.
| | - Pabitra Pal Choudhury
- Applied Statistics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, West Bengal, India
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Pritam K Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Italian Agency for Development Cooperation - Khartoum, Sudan Street 33, Al Amarat, Sudan
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Samendra P Sherchan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Murat Seyran
- Doctoral Student in Natural and Technical Sciences (SPL 44), University of Vienna, Währinger Straße, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Austria.
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan.
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Bruce D Uhal
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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36
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Wang H, Liu M. Complement C4, Infections, and Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694928. [PMID: 34335607 PMCID: PMC8317844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement C4, a key molecule in the complement system that is one of chief constituents of innate immunity for immediate recognition and elimination of invading microbes, plays an essential role for the functions of both classical (CP) and lectin (LP) complement pathways. Complement C4 is the most polymorphic protein in complement system. A plethora of research data demonstrated that individuals with C4 deficiency are prone to microbial infections and autoimmune disorders. In this review, we will discuss the diversity of complement C4 proteins and its genetic structures. In addition, the current development of the regulation of complement C4 activation and its activation derivatives will be reviewed. Moreover, the review will provide the updates on the molecule interactions of complement C4 under the circumstances of bacterial and viral infections, as well as autoimmune diseases. Lastly, more evidence will be presented to support the paradigm that links microbial infections and autoimmune disorders under the condition of the deficiency of complement C4. We provide such an updated overview that would shed light on current research of complement C4. The newly identified targets of molecular interaction will not only lead to novel hypotheses on the study of complement C4 but also assist to propose new strategies for targeting microbial infections, as well as autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wang
- Master Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Graduate Studies, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, United States.,Department of Basic Science College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, United States
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Master Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Graduate Studies, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, United States
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37
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Gupta A, Das SN, Das BK, Bhuyan L. Characterization of anti-nuclear antibodies in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and its clinicopathologic implications - An immunofluorescence study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:201. [PMID: 34349441 PMCID: PMC8272473 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_376_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), widespread in the Indian subcontinent, is a chronic debilitating disease of the oral cavity having a high potential for malignancy. The etiology of OSF is debatable. However, recently, autoimmunity had been suggested to play a significant role in its etiology, yet unproven. Hence, this study was conducted to explore the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) in the serum of OSF patients which is one of the serum markers of autoimmune diseases and its possible clinicopathologic associations. Materials and Methods: A total of 105 blood samples were collected from patients with OSF (n = 45), age- and sex-matched healthy controls with (n = 30) and without (n = 30) areca nut chewing habit. Serum positivity of ANA was determined by immunofluorescence and correlated with the oral habits and severity of the disease measured by maximum mouth opening (MMO) and site of involvement. Results: Significantly higher incidence of ANA (35.6%) was found in 45 OSF patients than in the healthy group (P = 0.001). Prevalence of ANA positivity was found higher in females (n = 11; 68%) than males (P < 0.001). A significantly lower MMO (P = 0.00) was found in ANA positive patients (17 ± 6.21 mm) in contrast to MMO in ANA-negative patients (28.74 ± 6.58 mm). The mean duration of habit and frequency of habit between ANA positive and negative patients was not significant. A significantly more number of sites of involvement was seen in ANA positive cases (P = 0.004). Out of 16 ANA positive OSF cases, 10 cases showed + 2 and 6 cases showed + 3 fluorescence intensity. Speckled (n = 8), homogeneous (n = 5) and nucleolar pattern (n = 3) were the fluorescence patterns observed. Conclusion: The presence of autoantibodies such as ANA, female predilection, alteration of humoral and cellular immunity justifies OSF as an autoimmune disease. This study provides broader prospective to adopt therapies that selectively target autoimmune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprna Gupta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, HITECH Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Surya Narayan Das
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Bijoy Kumar Das
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SCB Dental College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Lipsa Bhuyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Abstract
The pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spotlighted the link between viral infection and autoimmunity. In this review, we focus on coronavirus-induced autoimmunity based on evidence from experimental animal models, SARS-CoV infection with in vitro studies of molecular mimicry and COVID-19 with several clinical reports of autoimmune manifestations of this disease. Further studies will be needed to better characterize the role of SARS-CoV-2 in the development of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry Salle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amiens University Hospital, 1 place Victor Pauchet, Amiens 80054, France.
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39
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Akkelle BS, Sengul OK, Tutar E, Volkan B, Celikel C, Ertem D. Low Titer Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies: A Link to Helicobacter pylori Infection? Dig Dis 2021; 40:168-174. [PMID: 33895735 DOI: 10.1159/000516479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low serum titer of anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) has been described in various conditions without any evidence of celiac disease (CD). Infectious agents have been suggested to trigger autoimmunity and promote the production of anti-tTG. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is a link between a positive celiac serology and concomitant Helicobacter pylori infection in children. METHODS The data of 178 pediatric patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy due to positive celiac serology were compiled. The patients whose histopathologic findings were not consistent with CD were followed on gluten-containing diet. The changes in the serum level of anti-tTG IgA on the follow-up were compared between H. pylori-infected and noninfected patients after the eradication of H. pylori. RESULTS Of 155 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 119 (group 1) were diagnosed as CD, and duodenal histopathology of the remaining 36 children (group 2) was not compatible with CD. In group 2, 11 out of 36 (30.5%) patients were infected with H. pylori. After the eradication of H. pylori, anti-tTG IgA level either decreased or dropped below cutoff value in 9/11 (81%) patients while it was 20% in those who were not infected with H. pylori in the 6th month of the follow-up (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that H. pylori infection may be the cause of false or transient positive celiac serology. Thus, a positive celiac serology should be carefully interpreted in the presence of H. pylori infection before confirming the diagnosis of this life-long disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge S Akkelle
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem K Sengul
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Tutar
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Volkan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Celikel
- Department of Pathology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ertem
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tolmacheva AS, Aulova KS, Urusov AE, Orlovskaya IA, Nevinsky GA. Increase in Autoantibodies-Abzymes with Peroxidase and Oxidoreductase Activities in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice during the Development of EAE Pathology. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072077. [PMID: 33916567 PMCID: PMC8038483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms of multiple sclerosis (MS) development are still unknown, but the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mice is associated with the violation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiation profiles associated with the production of harmful for human’s autoantibodies hydrolyzing myelin basic protein, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35–55), and DNA. It was shown that IgGs from the sera of healthy humans and autoimmune patients oxidize many different compounds due to their H2O2-dependent peroxidase and oxidoreductase activity in the absence of H2O2. Here we first analyzed the change in the relative redox activities of IgGs antibodies from the blood of C57BL/6 mice over time at different stages of the EAE development. It was shown that the peroxidase activity of mice IgGs in the oxidation of ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) is on average 6.9-fold higher than the oxidoreductase activity. The peroxidase activity of IgGs increased during the spontaneous development of EAE during 40 days, 1.4-fold. After EAE development acceleration due to mice immunization with MOG35–55 (5.3-fold), complexes of bovine DNA with methylated bovine serum albumin (DNA-metBSA; 3.5-fold), or with histones (2.6-fold), the activity was increased much faster. The increase in peroxidase activity after mice immunization with MOG35–55 and DNA-metBSA up to 40 days of experiments was relatively gradual, while for DNA-histones complex was observed its sharp increase at the acute phase of EAE (14–20 days). All data show that IgGs’ redox activities can play an important role in the protection of mice from toxic compounds and oxidative stress.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Catalytic/metabolism
- Autoantibodies/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/enzymology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myelin Basic Protein/metabolism
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/administration & dosage
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidoreductases/immunology
- Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peroxidases/immunology
- Peroxidases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Tolmacheva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.T.); (K.S.A.); (A.E.U.)
| | - Kseniya S. Aulova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.T.); (K.S.A.); (A.E.U.)
| | - Andrey E. Urusov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.T.); (K.S.A.); (A.E.U.)
| | - Irina A. Orlovskaya
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.T.); (K.S.A.); (A.E.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-383-3635126; Fax: +7-383-3635153
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Baranova SV, Dmitrenok PS, Buneva VN, Sedykh SE, Nevinsky GA. HIV-Infected Patients: Cross Site-Specific Hydrolysis of H3 and H4 Histones and Myelin Basic Protein with Antibodies against These Three Proteins. Molecules 2021; 26:E316. [PMID: 33435385 PMCID: PMC7826842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histones play important roles in chromatin functioning and gene transcription, but in the intercellular space, they are harmful since they stimulate systemic inflammatory and toxic responses. Electrophoretically homogeneous IgGs against myelin basic protein (MBP), as well as H3 and H4 histones, were isolated from sera of HIV-infected patients. In contrast to known classical proteases, these IgGs split exclusively only histones and MBP but no other control proteins. Among 13 sites of hydrolysis of H3 by IgGs against H3 and 14 sites for anti-MBP IgGs, only two sites of the hydrolysis were the same. Between seven cleavage sites of H4 with IgGs against H4 and 9 sites of this histone hydrolysis by antibodies against MBP, only three sites were the same. The sites of hydrolysis of H3 (and H4) with abzymes against these histones and against MBP were different, but several expended protein clusters containing hydrolysis sites are partially overlapped. The existence of enzymatic cross-reactivity of abzymes against H3 and H4 and MBP represents a great menace to humans since due to cell apoptosis, histones constantly occur in human blood. They can hydrolyze MBP of the myelin sheath of axons and play a negative role in the pathogenesis of HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Baranova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.B.); (V.N.B.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Brunch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.B.); (V.N.B.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Sergey E. Sedykh
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.B.); (V.N.B.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.V.B.); (V.N.B.); (S.E.S.)
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42
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Baranova SV, Dmitrienok PS, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. HIV-Infected Patients: Cross Site-Specific Hydrolysis of H2a and H2b Histones and Myelin Basic Protein with Antibodies against These Three Proteins. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1501. [PMID: 33143355 PMCID: PMC7693679 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-DNA antibodies are usually produced against histone-DNA complexes appearing during cell apoptosis, while histones are known as damage-associated molecules. A myelin sheath of axons contains myelin basic protein (MBP) playing an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Antibodies with enzymatic activities (abzymes) are distinctive features of some autoimmune and viral diseases. Abzymes against different proteins can usually only hydrolyze these specific proteins. Using sequential chromatographies of homogeneous IgG preparations from sera of HIV-infected patients on columns with immobilized MBP, H2a, and H2b histones, the anti-MBP, anti-H2a, and anti-H2b antibodies were obtained. It was first shown that IgGs against H2a and H2b effectively hydrolyze these histones and MBP, while anti-MBP split MBP, H2a, and H2b, but no other control proteins. Using the MALDI mass spectrometry, the cleavage sites of H2a, H2b, and MBP by abzymes against these three proteins were found. Among 14 sites of hydrolysis of H2a by IgGs against H2a and 10 sites by anti-MBP IgGs, only one site of hydrolysis was the same for these abzymes. Eleven cleavage sites of H2b with IgGs against H2b and 10 sites of its hydrolysis with antibodies against MBP were different. Anti-H2a, anti-H2b, and anti-MBP abzymes are unpredictable examples of IgGs possessing not only cross-complexation but also catalytic cross-reactivity, which may be a common phenomenon for such abzymes in patients with different autoimmune diseases. The existence of cross-reactivity of abzymes against H2a and H2b histones and MBP represent a great danger to humans since, in contrast with MBP, histones due to cell apoptosis constantly occur in human blood. Anti-H2a, anti-H2b, and anti-MBP can attack and hydrolyze myelin basic protein of the myelin sheath of axons and plays a negative role in the pathogenesis of several pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Baranova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Lavrentiev, Russia; (S.V.B.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrienok
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Lavrentiev, Russia; (S.V.B.); (V.N.B.)
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Lavrentiev, Russia; (S.V.B.); (V.N.B.)
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Halpert G, Shoenfeld Y. SARS-CoV-2, the autoimmune virus. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102695. [PMID: 33130000 PMCID: PMC7598743 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Halpert
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation.
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel; Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation.
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44
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Ehrenfeld M, Tincani A, Andreoli L, Cattalini M, Greenbaum A, Kanduc D, Alijotas-Reig J, Zinserling V, Semenova N, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Covid-19 and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102597. [PMID: 32535093 PMCID: PMC7289100 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ehrenfeld
- The Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.
| | - Angela Tincani
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, Russia; U.O. Reumatologia e Immunologia Clinica, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Andreoli
- U.O. Reumatologia e Immunologia Clinica, ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Cattalini
- Pediatrics Clinic, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Assaf Greenbaum
- The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Jaume Alijotas-Reig
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron & Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vsevolod Zinserling
- V.A. Almazov Research Center and S.P. Botkin infectious Hospital, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Semenova
- V.A. Almazov Research Center and S.P. Botkin infectious Hospital, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Howard Amital
- The Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- The Zabludowicz Center for autoimmune diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, Russia
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45
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Tolmacheva AS, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Substrate specificity of IgGs with peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities from sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis. J Mol Recognit 2019; 32:e2807. [PMID: 31389073 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of IgGs to protect humans from oxidative stress through oxidation of harmful compounds was carried out. We have compared here for the first time peroxidase (in the presence of H2 O2 ) and oxidoreductase (in the absence of H2 O2 ) activities of IgGs from sera of healthy humans and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, substrate specificity of SLE and MS IgG preparations in the oxidation of different compounds was analyzed: 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB), homovanillic acid (HVA), o-phenylenediamine (OPD), α-naphthol, 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC), p-hydroquinone (pHQ), and adrenaline. IgGs of healthy humans and SLE and MS patients oxidized DAB, ABTS, and OPD due to their peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities, while other compounds were substrates of IgGs only in the presence of H2 O2 : adrenaline was not oxidized by both activities of IgGs. The average SLE IgGs peroxidase activity increased statistically significant in comparison with abzymes from healthy humans in the order (-fold): OPD (1.2) < DAB (1.7) < α-naphtol (2.2) ≤ AEC (2.4) < ABTS (4.5) < 5-ASA (10.6), while with oxidoreductase activity: OPD (1.8) ≤ DAB (2.1-fold) < ABTS (5.0). Only HVA was oxidized by IgGs with peroxidase activity of healthy donors faster than by SLE (1.3-fold) and MS abzymes (2.4-fold). In the oxidation of several substrates, only three IgGs of MS patients were used. The data speak of a tendency to increase the peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of MS IgGs in comparison with healthy donors, but to a lesser extent: OPD (1.1 to 1.2-fold) ≤ ABTS (1.2 to 1.8-fold). It was shown that development of SLE and MS leads to increase in peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of IgGs toward most of classical substrates. Thus, abzymes can serve as an additional factor of reactive oxygen species detoxification protecting of patients with SLE and MS from some harmful compounds somewhat better than healthy peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Tolmacheva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Infections play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (AID). Several bacterial and viral pathogens play a double role, as both inducers and inhibitors of AID. In this review, we will present current evidence and discuss different aspects of this notion. RECENT FINDINGS Infectors that both inhibit and induce AID include Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, hepatitis B virus, group B Coxsackieviruses, Epstein-Barr virus and Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Numerous AID are affected by infections, including polyarteritis nodosa, inflammatory bowel disease, and type 1 diabetes. Some pathogens, such as group B Coxsackieviruses, may induce and inhibit the development of the same AID. This reveals a complex role of infections in autoimmunity pathogenesis. SUMMARY Elucidating the exact role of each pathogen on each specific AID is important, as this will enable evaluating the manipulation of these infections in the treatment of AID.
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Espéli M, Bashford-Rogers R, Sowerby JM, Alouche N, Wong L, Denton AE, Linterman MA, Smith KGC. FcγRIIb differentially regulates pre-immune and germinal center B cell tolerance in mouse and human. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1970. [PMID: 31036800 PMCID: PMC6488660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several tolerance checkpoints exist throughout B cell development to control autoreactive B cells and prevent the generation of pathogenic autoantibodies. FcγRIIb is an Fc receptor that inhibits B cell activation and, if defective, is associated with autoimmune disease, yet its impact on specific B cell tolerance checkpoints is unknown. Here we show that reduced expression of FcγRIIb enhances the deletion and anergy of autoreactive immature B cells, but in contrast promotes autoreactive B cell expansion in the germinal center and serum autoantibody production, even in response to exogenous, non-self antigens. Our data thus show that FcγRIIb has opposing effects on pre-immune and post-immune tolerance checkpoints, and suggest that B cell tolerance requires the control of bystander germinal center B cells with low or no affinity for the immunizing antigen. The inhibitory receptor, FcγRIIb, is reported to limit autoimmune B cell response. Here the authors show that FcγRIIb has a dual role in both human and mouse, with reduced FcγRIIb expression or function associated with enhanced pre-immune B cell tolerance, yet defective control of mature autoreactive B cells in the germinal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Espéli
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, England, UK. .,UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, F-92140, France.
| | - Rachael Bashford-Rogers
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, England, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - John M Sowerby
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, England, UK.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nagham Alouche
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, F-92140, France
| | - Limy Wong
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, England, UK
| | - Alice E Denton
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, England, UK.,Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, England, UK.,Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, England, UK. .,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW, Cambridge, UK.
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48
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Baranova SV, Dmitrienok PS, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Autoantibodies in HIV-infected patients: Cross site-specific hydrolysis of H1 histone and myelin basic protein. Biofactors 2019; 45:211-222. [PMID: 30496641 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Histones act as damage-associated molecules, while anti-DNA antibodies are directed against histone-DNA nucleosomal complexes. Myelin basic protein (MBP) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Autoantibodies (Abs) with enzymatic activities are the distinctive feature of some autoimmune and viral diseases. Abzymes with proteolytic activity against different proteins specifically hydrolyze only these specific proteins. Using chromatography of IgGs on columns with immobilized H1 histone and then by chromatography of the fraction having an affinity for the histone (eluted upon loading) on MBP Sepharose, the anti-MBP antibodies were obtained. Anti-H1 antibodies were obtained using these columns in reverse order. IgGs against H1 and MBP effectively hydrolyze both H1 histone and MBP but no other control proteins. Using the MALDI mass spectrometry, the cleavage sites of H1 histone and MBP by abzymes against these proteins are found. The hydrolysis of MBP by anti-MBP IgGs occurs at four clusters (22 sites of the hydrolysis) locating at four known antigenic determinants of MBP. Anti-H1 Abs hydrolyze MBP only at one cluster (11 sites of the hydrolysis); this cluster is only partially overlapped with one of the four MBP clusters. Anti-H1 antibodies hydrolyze H1 at five sites of one cluster of the protein when anti-MBP IgGs cleavage this histone at two clusters containing 17 sites of the cleavage. Anti-H1 and anti-MBP abzymes are the first examples of Abs possessing not only with cross-complexing but also with catalytic cross-reactivity. The existence of cross-reactivity of abzymes against histones and MBP represent great danger to humans. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):211-222, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Baranova
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel S Dmitrienok
- Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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49
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Aulova KS, Toporkova LB, Lopatnikova JA, Alshevskaya AA, Sedykh SE, Buneva VN, Budde T, Meuth SG, Popova NA, Orlovskaya IA, Nevinsky GA. Changes in cell differentiation and proliferation lead to production of abzymes in EAE mice treated with DNA-Histone complexes. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5816-5832. [PMID: 30265424 PMCID: PMC6237594 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-prone C57BL/6 mice are used as a model of human multiple sclerosis. We immunize mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), DNA-histone and DNA-methylated bovine serum albumin (met-BSA) complexes to reveal different characteristics of EAE development including bone marrow lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation profiles of hematopoietic stem cells. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with MOG35-55 results in the acceleration of EAE development. Anti-DNA antibodies are usually directed against DNA-histone complexes resulting from cell apoptosis. During the acute EAE phase (7-20 days after immunization), catalytic antibodies efficiently hydrolysing myelin basic protein (MBP), MOG and DNA are produced with parallel suppression of antibodies hydrolysing histones. We could show that in contrast to MOG, immunization with histone-DNA results in a reduction of proteinuria, a significant increase in anti-DNA, anti-MBP and anti-MOG antibody titres, as well as an increase in their catalytic activities for antigen hydrolysis, but slightly changes the concentration of cytokines. Contrary to MOG, DNA-histone and DNA-met-BSA only stimulated the formation of anti-DNA antibodies hydrolysing DNA with a long delay (15-20 days after immunization). Our data indicate that for C57BL/6 mice immunization with DNA-met-BSA and DNA-histone complexes may have opposing effects compared to MOG. DNA-histone stimulates the appearance of histone-hydrolysing abzymes in the acute EAE phase, while abzymes with DNase activity appear at significantly later time-points. We conclude that MOG, DNA-histone and DNA-met-BSA have different effects on numerous bone marrow, cellular, immunological and biochemical parameters of immunized mice, but all antigens finally significantly stimulate the development of the EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya S. Aulova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental MedicineSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
| | - Ludmila B. Toporkova
- Institute of Fundamental and Clinical ImmunologySiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
| | - Julia A. Lopatnikova
- Institute of Fundamental and Clinical ImmunologySiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
| | - Alina A. Alshevskaya
- Institute of Fundamental and Clinical ImmunologySiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
| | - Sergey E. Sedykh
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental MedicineSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental MedicineSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institut für Physiologie IWestfälische Wilhelms‐UniversitätMünsterGermany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of NeurologyWestfälische Wilhelms‐UniversitätMünsterGermany
| | - Nelly A. Popova
- Institute Cytology and GeneticsSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirskRussia
| | - Irina A. Orlovskaya
- Institute of Fundamental and Clinical ImmunologySiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental MedicineSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirskRussia
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Rojas M, Restrepo-Jiménez P, Monsalve DM, Pacheco Y, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Ramírez-Santana C, Leung PS, Ansari AA, Gershwin ME, Anaya JM. Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2018; 95:100-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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