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Patti MA, Croen LA, Dickerson AS, Joseph RM, Ames JL, Ladd-Acosta C, Ozonoff S, Schmidt RJ, Volk HE, Hipwell AE, Magee KE, Karagas M, McEvoy C, Landa R, Elliott MR, Mitchell DK, D'Sa V, Deoni S, Pievsky M, Wu PC, Barry F, Stanford JB, Bilder DA, Trasande L, Bush NR, Lyall K. Reproducibility between preschool and school-age Social Responsiveness Scale forms in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program. Autism Res 2024; 17:1187-1204. [PMID: 38794898 PMCID: PMC11186723 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Evidence suggests core autism trait consistency in older children, but development of these traits is variable in early childhood. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) measures autism-related traits and broader autism phenotype, with two age-dependent forms in childhood (preschool, 2.5-4.5 years; school age, 4-18 years). Score consistency has been observed within forms, though reliability across forms has not been evaluated. Using data from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program (n = 853), preschool, and school-age SRS scores were collected via maternal report when children were an average of 3.0 and 5.8 years, respectively. We compared reproducibility of SRS total scores (T-scores) and agreement above a clinically meaningful cutoff (T-scores ≥ 60) and examined predictors of discordance in cutoff scores across forms. Participant scores across forms were similar (mean difference: 3.3 points; standard deviation: 7), though preschool scores were on average lower than school-age scores. Most children (88%) were classified below the cutoff on both forms, and overall concordance was high (92%). However, discordance was higher in cohorts following younger siblings of autistic children (16%). Proportions of children with an autism diagnoses were also higher among those with discordant scores (27%) than among those with concordant scores (4%). Our findings indicate SRS scores are broadly reproducible across preschool and school-age forms, particularly for capturing broader, nonclinical traits, but also suggest that greater variability of autism-related traits in preschool-age children may reduce reliability with later school-age scores for those in the clinical range.
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Grants
- UH3OD023285 NIH ECHO Program, funded by the office of the Director, NIH
- UG3 OD023342 NIH HHS
- UH3OD023288 NIH ECHO Program, funded by the office of the Director, NIH
- U24OD023319 NIH ECHO Program, funded by the office of the Director, NIH
- UH3OD023244 NIH ECHO Program, funded by the office of the Director, NIH
- UH3OD023313 NIH ECHO Program, funded by the office of the Director, NIH
- UH3OD023305 NIH ECHO Program, funded by the office of the Director, NIH
- UH3OD023275 NIH ECHO Program, funded by the office of the Director, NIH
- UH3OD023328 NIH ECHO Program, funded by the office of the Director, NIH
- UH3OD023342 NIH ECHO Program, funded by the office of the Director, NIH
- U2C OD023375 NIH HHS
- UH3OD023271 NIH ECHO Program, funded by the office of the Director, NIH
- U24OD023382 NIH ECHO Program, funded by the office of the Director, NIH
- UH3OD023249 NIH ECHO Program, funded by the office of the Director, NIH
- U2COD023375 NIH ECHO Program, funded by the office of the Director, NIH
- UH3 OD023342 NIH HHS
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Patti
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Aisha S Dickerson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert M Joseph
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ames
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Christine Ladd-Acosta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sally Ozonoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Heather E Volk
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Research, Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelsey E Magee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margaret Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Cindy McEvoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rebecca Landa
- Center for Autism Services, Science and Innovation, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael R Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Daphne Koinis Mitchell
- Bradley-Hasbro Research Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Viren D'Sa
- Bradley-Hasbro Research Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sean Deoni
- Bradley-Hasbro Research Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michelle Pievsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Pei-Chi Wu
- Bradley-Hasbro Research Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Fatoumata Barry
- Bradley-Hasbro Research Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Joseph B Stanford
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Deborah A Bilder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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The Autism Spectrum: Behavioral, Psychiatric and Genetic Associations. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030677. [PMID: 36980949 PMCID: PMC10048473 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) consists of a group of heterogeneous genetic neurobehavioral disorders associated with developmental impairments in social communication skills and stereotypic, rigid or repetitive behaviors. We review common behavioral, psychiatric and genetic associations related to ASD. Autism affects about 2% of children with 4:1 male-to-female ratio and a heritability estimate between 70 and 90%. The etiology of ASD involves a complex interplay between inheritance and environmental factors influenced by epigenetics. Over 800 genes and dozens of genetic syndromes are associated with ASD. Novel gene–protein interactions with pathway and molecular function analyses have identified at least three functional pathways including chromatin modeling, Wnt, Notch and other signaling pathways and metabolic disturbances involving neuronal growth and dendritic spine profiles. An estimated 50% of individuals with ASD are diagnosed with chromosome deletions or duplications (e.g., 15q11.2, BP1-BP2, 16p11.2 and 15q13.3), identified syndromes (e.g., Williams, Phelan-McDermid and Shprintzen velocardiofacial) or single gene disorders. Behavioral and psychiatric conditions in autism impacted by genetics influence clinical evaluations, counseling, diagnoses, therapeutic interventions and treatment approaches. Pharmacogenetics testing is now possible to help guide the selection of psychotropic medications to treat challenging behaviors or co-occurring psychiatric conditions commonly seen in ASD. In this review of the autism spectrum disorder, behavioral, psychiatric and genetic observations and associations relevant to the evaluation and treatment of individuals with ASD are discussed.
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Lasch C, Carlson SM, Elison JT. Responding to joint attention as a developmental catalyst: Longitudinal associations with language and social responsiveness. INFANCY 2023; 28:339-366. [PMID: 36404295 PMCID: PMC9899317 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Joint attention (JA), infants' ability to engage in triadic attention with another person and a separate object or event, emerges in infancy. Responding to joint attention (RJA) develops earlier than initiating joint attention (IJA) and may benefit from a reconceptualization from a competence to a skill that varies in performance. Investigating associations between RJA performance and important skills of toddlerhood such as language, social responsiveness, and executive function (EF) in typically developing samples can better elucidate how RJA may serve as a developmental precursor to later dimensional skills, with implications for both typical and atypical development. Here, 210 (82% White) infants completed the Dimensional Joint Attention Assessment (DJAA), a naturalistic play-based assessment of RJA, at 8-15 months. At 16-38 months social responsiveness, verbal ability, and EF were assessed. Multilevel models showed that DJAA scores were associated with later verbal abilities and parent-reported social responsiveness. Exploratory analyses showed trend-level associations between RJA and EF. Results establish the content validity of the DJAA as a measure of RJA, and longitudinal associations with later verbal ability and social responsiveness. Future work should examine EF emergence and consolidation, and RJA and later EF associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Lasch
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Jed T. Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Southon C. The relationship between executive function, neurodevelopmental disorder traits, and academic achievement in university students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:958013. [PMID: 36118426 PMCID: PMC9478894 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.958013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficulties with executive function have often been identified in individuals with various neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Developmental Co-ordination Disorder (DCD). Additionally, in childhood and adolescence, executive functioning is an important predictor of academic achievement. However, less research has explored these relationships in adult students, and those with a high level of neurodevelopmental disorder traits but no clinical diagnosis. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess whether ASD, ADHD, and DCD traits can predict academic achievement in university students, and whether traits of these neurodevelopmental conditions moderate the relationship between executive function and academic achievement. Both neurotypical students and those with a clinical diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental disorder were able to participate, with the majority being neurotypical. Participants completed four self-report questionnaires and provided a measure of academic achievement based on their university assignment results. Traits of ASD, ADHD, and DCD alone did not predict achievement, however, traits of ADHD and DCD significantly moderated the relationship between executive function and academic achievement. ASD traits did not significantly moderate this relationship. Implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
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Bejerot S, Ståtenhag L, Glans MR. Below average motor skills predict victimization from childhood bullies: A study of adults with ADHD. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 153:269-275. [PMID: 35853352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Children with ADHD are frequently clumsy and involved in bullying, both as victims and perpetrators. The relationship between motor skills and bully status is poorly understood. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of motor skills in childhood on bully victimization/perpetration in those with ADHD. In this cross-sectional study, 403 adults diagnosed with ADHD filled out a questionnaire on their recall of bully victimization, bully perpetration, performance in physical education (PE) (defined as performance below average in i.e., ball dexterity, coordination or agility) as a proxy for motor skills, and academic skills at age 12, as compared to their peers. Of the current sample, 63% remembered being victimized and 31% noted they were perpetrators. Thirty-two percent recalled that they performed below average in PE. Being diagnosed with ADHD and having poor motor skills was strongly associated with bully victimization (OR = 2.63; 95% CI:1.62, 4.27, p < .001). Victimization was more common during all measured time periods, from nursery school until the age of 15, among those with poor performance in PE as compared to those without poor performance. No relationship was found between poor motor skills and bully perpetration. CONCLUSION: A crucial role of the cerebellum is coordination and the linking of sequenced motor actions through milli-second timing. Aberrations in this ability makes a person present as "different", which was stated as the most common reason for social exclusion by other children. Therefore, subtle clumsiness (presumed by poor performance in PE class) is suggested to mirror deficits in social skills, which is intuitively observed by peers, leading to victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bejerot
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Centre, Örebro University Campus USÖ, 70182, Örebro, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences Örebro, Örebro University Campus USÖ, 70182, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Lovisa Ståtenhag
- School of Medical Sciences Örebro, Örebro University Campus USÖ, 70182, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Martin R Glans
- School of Medical Sciences Örebro, Örebro University Campus USÖ, 70182, Örebro, Sweden
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6
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Emotional and behavioral problems in Japanese preschool children with motor coordination difficulties: the role of autistic traits. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:979-990. [PMID: 33566188 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been little research on whether younger children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) symptoms have an increased risk for emotional and behavioral problems. This study examined whether coordination difficulties are associated with emotional and behavioral problems (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer problems, reduced prosocial behavior) in preschool children and the role of autistic traits in this association. Data (N = 1042, age 58-71 months) were analyzed from the Tama Children's Survey (TCS). The Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (LDCDQ) was used to measure coordination difficulty symptoms. Information was obtained on emotional/behavioral problems using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and on autistic traits with the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Higher autistic traits were based on SRS cutoff scores (53.5 for boys and 52.5 for girls). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between the variables. In adjusted models, children with probable DCD (pDCD) were significantly more likely to score above the clinical thresholds on all SDQ emotional/behavioral domains. However, nearly all of these associations became nonsignificant after including autistic traits in the analysis. Additional analyses showed that children with pDCD with higher autistic traits had significantly increased odds for emotional problems (odds ratio [OR]: 4.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-13.19), hyperactivity/inattention (OR: 3.74, 95% CI: 1.45-9.64), peer problems (OR: 15.81, 95% CI: 5.96-41.99), and total difficulties (OR: 28.78, 95% CI: 7.23-114.57), compared to children with pDCD alone. These results indicate that the increased risk of emotional/behavioral difficulties in preschool children with pDCD might be mediated by autistic traits.
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7
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Doyle CM, Lasch C, Vollman EP, Desjardins CD, Helwig NE, Jacob S, Wolff JJ, Elison JT. Phenoscreening: a developmental approach to research domain criteria-motivated sampling. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:884-894. [PMID: 33137226 PMCID: PMC11221542 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To advance early identification efforts, we must detect and characterize neurodevelopmental sequelae of risk among population-based samples early in development. However, variability across the typical-to-atypical continuum and heterogeneity within and across early emerging psychiatric/neurodevelopmental disorders represent fundamental challenges to overcome. Identifying multidimensionally determined profiles of risk, agnostic to DSM categories, via data-driven computational approaches represents an avenue to improve early identification of risk. METHODS Factor mixture modeling (FMM) was used to identify subgroups and characterize phenotypic risk profiles, derived from multiple parent-report measures of typical and atypical behaviors common to autism spectrum disorder, in a community-based sample of 17- to 25-month-old toddlers (n = 1,570). To examine the utility of risk profile classification, a subsample of toddlers (n = 107) was assessed on a distal, independent outcome examining internalizing, externalizing, and dysregulation at approximately 30 months. RESULTS FMM results identified five asymmetrically sized subgroups. The putative high- and moderate-risk groups comprised 6% of the sample. Follow-up analyses corroborated the utility of the risk profile classification; the high-, moderate-, and low-risk groups were differentially stratified (i.e., HR > moderate-risk > LR) on outcome measures and comparison of high- and low-risk groups revealed large effect sizes for internalizing (d = 0.83), externalizing (d = 1.39), and dysregulation (d = 1.19). CONCLUSIONS This data-driven approach yielded five subgroups of toddlers, the utility of which was corroborated by later outcomes. Data-driven approaches, leveraging multiple developmentally appropriate dimensional RDoC constructs, hold promise for future efforts aimed toward early identification of at-risk-phenotypes for a variety of early emerging neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. Doyle
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,USA
| | - Carolyn Lasch
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,USA
| | - Elayne P. Vollman
- Department of Comparative Human Development, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nathaniel E. Helwig
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Suma Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason J. Wolff
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jed T. Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Constantino JN, Charman T, Jones EJH. Clinical and Translational Implications of an Emerging Developmental Substructure for Autism. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2021; 17:365-389. [PMID: 33577349 PMCID: PMC9014692 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-110503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A vast share of the population-attributable risk for autism relates to inherited polygenic risk. A growing number of studies in the past five years have indicated that inherited susceptibility may operate through a finite number of early developmental liabilities that, in various permutations and combinations, jointly predict familial recurrence of the convergent syndrome of social communication disability that defines the condition. Here, we synthesize this body of research to derive evidence for a novel developmental substructure for autism, which has profound implications for ongoing discovery efforts to elucidate its neurobiological causes, and to inform future clinical and biomarker studies, early interventions, and personalized approaches to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Constantino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Tony Charman
- Department of Psychology, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J H Jones
- Centre for Brain & Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
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Begum Ali J, Charman T, Johnson MH, Jones EJH. Early Motor Differences in Infants at Elevated Likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:4367-4384. [PMID: 32328858 PMCID: PMC7677154 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated infant's manual motor behaviour; specifically behaviours crossing the body midline. Infants at elevated likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) produced fewer manual behaviours that cross the midline compared to infants with a typical likelihood of developing these disorders; however this effect was limited to 10-month-olds and not apparent at age 5 and 14 months. Although, midline crossing did not predict ASD traits, it was related to ADHD traits at 2 years of age. We rule out motor ability and hand dominance as possible explanations for this pattern of behaviour, positing that these results may be a consequence of multisensory integration abilities, and the neurobehavioural shift period, in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannath Begum Ali
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - Tony Charman
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark H Johnson
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily J H Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
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Beauvois L, Kverno K. Challenges in Treating Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioners. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2020; 58:7-12. [PMID: 33238021 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20201112-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Children who present to behavioral health care with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have overlapping symptoms and co-occurring disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, sleep-wake disorders, and/or emotional/behavioral dysregulation. The challenge for psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners is to identify the modifiable symptoms and diagnosable disorders and develop a comprehensive treatment plan that reduces risk factors and promotes improved functioning. The current article presents an overview of evidence-based treatment strategies for co-occurring conditions. A child- and family-based collaborative approach with clear treatment goals in the context of an inter-professional care team, which includes the primary care provider, therapists, other relevant specialists, and teachers, has been shown to support children with ASD in becoming more successful in managing everyday stressors and regulating emotions and behaviors. Evidence-based assessment, monitoring, and educational resources for clinicians and parents are provided. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(12), 7-12.].
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Hollingdale J, Woodhouse E, Young S, Fridman A, Mandy W. Autistic spectrum disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytical review. Psychol Med 2020; 50:2240-2253. [PMID: 31530292 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research identifies highly variable prevalence estimates for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), particularly between community and clinical samples, warranting quantitative meta-analyses to investigate the true prevalence of ASD in children and adolescents with ADHD. METHODS Studies were identified through a systematic literature search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Web of Science through January 2018. Twenty-two publications met inclusion criteria (total N = 61 985). Two random effects meta-analyses were conducted: (1) to identify the proportion of children and adolescents with ADHD that met criteria for ASD; and (2) to compare the severity of dimensionally-measured ASD symptomology in children and adolescents with and without ADHD. RESULTS The overall pooled effect for children and adolescents with ADHD who met threshold for ASD was 21%. There was no significant difference between community samples (19%) and clinical samples (24%) or between US studies v. those from other countries. Children and adolescents with ADHD had substantially more dimensionally-measured ASD traits compared with those who did not have ADHD (d = 1.23). CONCLUSION The findings provide further evidence that ADHD and ASD are associated in nature. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
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Abstract
There has been no study in the literature evaluating autistic traits (ATs) in men with substance use disorders (SUDs). Therefore, we performed the current study to evaluate whether there is a relation between the ATs among men with SUDs and normal controls. A total of 142 men with SUDs and 109 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the current study. Present attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms of the participants were evaluated using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. The autism spectrum quotient (AQ) was used to evaluate ATs. The current study found that higher AQ imagination and lower AQ attention to detail scores predicted SUDs after controlling for AQ subscales and present ADHD symptoms. This study shows that ATs may be engaged in the development of SUDs. To explore the connection between ATs and SUDs, more research is needed.
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Itahashi T, Fujino J, Hashimoto RI, Tachibana Y, Sato T, Ohta H, Nakamura M, Kato N, Eickhoff SB, Cortese S, Aoki YY. Transdiagnostic subtyping of males with developmental disorders using cortical characteristics. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102288. [PMID: 32526684 PMCID: PMC7284124 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Overlapping diagnosis and within-diagnosis heterogeneity was often reported in ASD. ASD and ADHD were subtyped regardless of diagnosis using cortical characteristics. The analysis revealed the number of subtypes as two. The boundary of the subtypes did not match the diagnostic boundary. The membership of subtypes was robust against the choice of an atlas.
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are biologically heterogeneous and often co-occur. As within-diagnosis heterogeneity and overlapping diagnoses are challenging for researchers and clinicians, identifying biologically homogenous subgroups, independent of diagnosis, is an urgent need. Methods MRI data from 148 adult males with developmental disorders (99 primary ASD, mean age = 31.7 ± 8.0, 49 primary ADHD; mean age = 31.7 ± 9.6) and 105 neurotypical controls (NTC; mean age = 30.6 ± 6.8) were analyzed. We extracted mean cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) values using a functional atlas. Then, we conducted HeterogeneitY through DiscRiminant Analysis (HYDRA) to transdiagnostically cluster and classify individuals. Differences in diagnostic likelihood and clinical symptoms between subtypes were tested. Sensitivity analyses tested the stability of the number of subtypes and their membership by excluding 13 participants diagnosed with both ASD and ADHD and by using a different atlas. Results In relation to both CT and SA, HYDRA identified two subtypes. The likelihood of ASD or ADHD was not significantly different from the chance of belonging to any of these two subtypes. Clinical characteristics did not differ between subtypes in either CT or SA based analyses. The high consistency in membership was replicated when utilizing a different atlas or excluding people with dual diagnoses in CT (dice coefficients > 0.94) and in SA (>0.88). Conclusion Although the brain-derived subtypes do not match diagnostic groups, individuals with developmental disorders were successfully and stably subtyped using either CT or SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Itahashi
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Fujino
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu-Ichiro Hashimoto
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Language Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Tachibana
- Division of Infant and Toddler Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Sato
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Ohta
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Nakamura
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Kato
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Samuele Cortese
- New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA; Center for Innovation in Mental Health, Academic Unit of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yuta Y Aoki
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
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14
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Hawks ZW, Constantino JN. Neuropsychiatric "Comorbidity" as Causal Influence in Autism. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:229-235. [PMID: 31344460 PMCID: PMC9765409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral comorbidity is the rule rather than the exception in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the co-occurrence of autistic traits with subclinical manifestations of other psychiatric syndromes (eg, anxiety, developmental coordination disorder) extends to the general population, where there is strong evidence for overlap in the respective genetic causes. An ASD "comorbidity" can have several fundamentally distinct causal origins: it can arise due to shared genetic risk between ASD and non-ASD phenotypes (eg, ASD and microcephaly in the context of the MECP2 mutation), as a "secondary symptom" of ASD when engendered by the same causal influence (eg, epilepsy in channelopathies associated with ASD), due to chance co-occurrence of ASD with a causally independent liability (eg, ASD and diabetes), or as the late manifestation of an independent causal influence on ASD (eg, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Here, we review evidence for the latter, that is, the role of nonspecific causal influences on the development of ASD itself. The notion that nonspecific insults to neural development, either inherited or acquired, might augment the impact of ASD-specific genetic susceptibilities in contributing to its cause has not been appreciated in the literature on comorbidity, and has significant implications for both personalized intervention and future research. Prior biomarker studies of ASD have typically not accounted for variation in such traits. The statistical power of future studies, particularly in autism genetics and neuroimaging, can be enhanced by more comprehensive attention to the measurement of comorbid behavioral traits that index causal influences on the disorder, among not only cases but (importantly) controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë W. Hawks
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John N. Constantino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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15
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Lee T, Park KJ, Lee HJ, Kim HW. Clinical and Neuropsychological Characteristics of ADHD According to DSM-5 Age-of-Onset Criterion in Korean Children and Adolescents. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:20-28. [PMID: 28030984 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716684378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical features and neuropsychological profiles of children and adolescents with ADHD according to the age-of-onset defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5). Method: We compared the following three groups: early-onset ADHD group (onset before age 7, n = 86), late-onset ADHD group (onset between ages 7 and 12, n = 58), and the control group (n = 88). Results: Both early-onset and late-onset ADHD groups had more symptoms and functional impairments than the control group. Also, both ADHD groups scored higher on ADHD Rating Scale, Parent General Behavior Inventory, majority of the subscales of Social Responsiveness Scale, Hyperactivity subscale of Korean Personality Rating Scale for Children, and Omission Errors of Visual Continuous Performance Test compared with the control group. Conclusion: Our results support the extension of age-of-onset criterion made in DSM-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeop Lee
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Hyo-Won Kim
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Papadopoulos N, Stavropoulos V, McGinley J, Bellgrove M, Tonge B, Murphy A, Cornish K, Rinehart N. Moderating Effect of Motor Proficiency on the Relationship Between ADHD Symptoms and Sleep Problems in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Combined Type. Behav Sleep Med 2019. [PMID: 29528702 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2018.1443455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/BACKGROUND A high proportion of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder- Combined type (ADHD-CT) experience sleep and motor problems. This study investigated (a) whether motor proficiency moderated the relationship between ADHD symptoms and sleep problems in children with and without ADHD-CT and (b) whether this moderation differed as a function of ADHD diagnosis. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 70 primary school male children between 8-15 years were recruited; children with ADHD-CT (n = 38; mean age 10 years, 2 months [SD = 1 year, 6 months]) and a typically developing (TD) (n = 32; mean age 9 years, 6 months [SD = 1 year, 5 months]) group. METHODS Motor proficiency was measured using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd Edition (MABC-2), ADHD symptoms were measured using the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and parent reported sleep problems were measured using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). RESULTS Children who reported higher ADHD symptoms and lower motor proficiency scores reported more sleep problems. The moderation effect only held in children with a diagnosis of ADHD-CT and not in the typically developing group. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that children who experience greater severity of ADHD symptoms who also have lower motor proficiency may be at increased risk of experiencing sleep problems. These findings also illustrate the importance of considering motor proficiency when exploring risk factors for sleep problems in children with ADHD-CT as well as sleep interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Papadopoulos
- a Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health , Geelong , Australia
| | | | - Jennifer McGinley
- c Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Mark Bellgrove
- d Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience & School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Bruce Tonge
- e Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Anna Murphy
- f Clinical Research Centre for Movement Disorders & Gait, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kim Cornish
- d Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience & School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Nicole Rinehart
- a Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health , Geelong , Australia
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17
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Connolly A, Fielding J, Papadopoulos N, McGinley J, Murphy A, Rinehart NJ. Factors Associated With Accidental Injuries in Children With ADHD-Combined Type: More Than a Motor Problem? J Atten Disord 2019; 23:1320-1330. [PMID: 26975838 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716633857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We explored the relationship between accidental injuries, motor impairment, and co-occurring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in children with ADHD-combined type (ADHD-CT). Method: Participants were 32 male children diagnosed with ADHD-CT and 23 typically developing male children (7-12 years, full scale IQ [FSIQ] > 80). Parents completed a customized questionnaire on the occurrence of accidental injuries (e.g., bruises, cuts) their child experienced in the past 12 months. Motor proficiency was assessed using the Movement ABC-2 (MABC-2). Parents rated motor, ADHD-CT, ASD, and anxiety symptoms. Results: Children with ADHD-CT had significantly increased parent-reported accidental injuries compared with typically developing children. Among children with ADHD-CT, Spearman's rho rank correlations revealed no association between increased accidental injuries and MABC-2 score, but significant associations with increased hyperactivity/impulsivity, ASD, and anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Although these findings require validation, they suggest a need for further research investigating the contribution of co-occurring ASD and anxiety symptoms to accidental injuries in children with ADHD-CT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Fielding
- 1 Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,2 University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Anna Murphy
- 4 Monash Health, Cheltenham, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole J Rinehart
- 1 Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,3 Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Behavioral predictors of autism recurrence are genetically independent and influence social reciprocity: evidence that polygenic ASD risk is mediated by separable elements of developmental liability. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:202. [PMID: 31439834 PMCID: PMC6706410 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The preponderance of causal influence on total population attributable risk for autism is polygenic in nature, but it is not known how such liability engenders the development of the syndrome. In 348 epidemiologically ascertained toddler twins, we explored associations between autistic traits and three robust, highly heritable predictors of familial autism recurrence: variation in attention, motor coordination, and parental autistic trait burden. We observed that these predictors-despite collectively accounting for over one third of variance in clinical recurrence-are genetically independent in early childhood, and jointly account for a comparable share of inherited influence on early reciprocal social behavior in the general population. Thus, combinations of what are otherwise discrete, inherited behavioral liabilities-some not specific to autism-appear to jointly mediate common genetic risk for autism. Linking genetic variants and neural signatures to these independent traits prior to the onset of the development of autism will enhance understanding of mechanisms of causation in familial autistic syndromes. Moreover, ongoing biomarker discovery efforts will benefit from controlling for the effects of these common liabilities, which aggregate in individuals with autism but are also continuously distributed in "controls". Finally, early inherited liabilities that participate in the early ontogeny of autistic syndromes represent parsimonious intervention targets for polygenic forms of the condition, and represent candidate trans-diagnostic endophenotypes of potential relevance to a diversity of neuropsychiatric syndromes.
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19
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Ros R, Graziano PA. A Transdiagnostic Examination of Self-Regulation: Comparisons Across Preschoolers with ASD, ADHD, and Typically Developing Children. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 49:493-508. [PMID: 30973019 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1591280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to identify profiles of self-regulation across executive functioning (EF) and emotion regulation (ER) and examine profiles's impact on treatment outcomes. Participants included 100 preschoolers (Mage = 4.73, 75% Male, 79% Hispanic) including 37 with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ASD+ADHD), 32 with ADHD-only, and 31 typically developing children. Parents and teachers reported on children's EF, ER, ASD, and ADHD symptoms. Children were administered an EF battery and observed for ER during a frustration task. Children participated in an intensive behavioral summer treatment program (STP-PreK) aimed at improving school readiness across behavioral, academic, and self-regulation domains. Latent profile analyses produced 4 profiles: (a) Low ER and EF Deficits, (b) High ER Deficits, (c) High EF Deficits, and (d) Moderate ER and EF Deficits. ASD and ADHD symptoms predicted lower membership probability within the Low ER and EF Deficits Profile and higher membership probability within the Moderate ER and EF Deficits Profile. However, only ASD symptoms predicted membership within the High EF Deficits Profile. Only ADHD symptoms predicted membership within the High ER Deficits Profile. Even after accounting for diagnostic symptoms, profile membership was predictive of treatment response across behavioral and academic domains. Children in the High EF Deficits Profile experienced the largest gains. Results highlight the specificity of self-regulation deficits within and across diagnoses. Self-regulation profiles demonstrated clinical utility in predicting treatment response above traditional symptom based classifications, providing evidence for the use of transdiagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmary Ros
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University
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20
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Early behavioral indices of inherited liability to autism. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:127-133. [PMID: 30356093 PMCID: PMC6353672 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The observed heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-and the diversity of rare germline mutations with which it has been associated-has been difficult to reconcile with knowledge of its pronounced heritability in the population. METHODS This article reviews and synthesizes recent family and developmental studies incorporating behavioral indices of inherited risk for ASD. RESULTS Autism may arise from critical combinations of early inherited neurobehavioral susceptibilities-some specific to autism, some not-each of which may be traceable to partially-independent sets of genetic variation. These susceptibilities and their respective genetic origins may not relate to the characterizing symptoms of autism (after it develops) in a straightforward way, and may account for "missing heritability" in molecular genetic studies. CONCLUSIONS Within-individual aggregations of a finite set of early inherited neurobehavioral susceptibilities-each individually common in the population-may account for a significant share of the heritability of ASD. Comprehensive identification of these underlying traits my help elucidate specific early intervention targets in individual patients, especially if autism represents a developmental consequence of earlier-interacting susceptibilities. Scientific understanding of the early ontogeny of autism will benefit from epidemiologically-rigorous, genetically-informative studies of robust endophenotypic candidates whose inter-relationships in infancy are mapped and normed.
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21
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Dawson G, Campbell K, Hashemi J, Lippmann SJ, Smith V, Carpenter K, Egger H, Espinosa S, Vermeer S, Baker J, Sapiro G. Atypical postural control can be detected via computer vision analysis in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17008. [PMID: 30451886 PMCID: PMC6242931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that differences in motor function are an early feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One aspect of motor ability that develops during childhood is postural control, reflected in the ability to maintain a steady head and body position without excessive sway. Observational studies have documented differences in postural control in older children with ASD. The present study used computer vision analysis to assess midline head postural control, as reflected in the rate of spontaneous head movements during states of active attention, in 104 toddlers between 16-31 months of age (Mean = 22 months), 22 of whom were diagnosed with ASD. Time-series data revealed robust group differences in the rate of head movements while the toddlers watched movies depicting social and nonsocial stimuli. Toddlers with ASD exhibited a significantly higher rate of head movement as compared to non-ASD toddlers, suggesting difficulties in maintaining midline position of the head while engaging attentional systems. The use of digital phenotyping approaches, such as computer vision analysis, to quantify variation in early motor behaviors will allow for more precise, objective, and quantitative characterization of early motor signatures and potentially provide new automated methods for early autism risk identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Dawson
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | | | - Jordan Hashemi
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven J Lippmann
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Valerie Smith
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kimberly Carpenter
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helen Egger
- NYU Langone Child Study Center, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Espinosa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Saritha Vermeer
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guillermo Sapiro
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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22
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Krasner AJ, Turner JB, Feldman JF, Silberman AE, Fisher PW, Workman CC, Posner JE, Greenhill LL, Lorenz JM, Shaffer D, Whitaker AH. ADHD Symptoms in a Non-Referred Low Birthweight/Preterm Cohort: Longitudinal Profiles, Outcomes, and Associated Features. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:827-838. [PMID: 26700791 PMCID: PMC4919227 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715617532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study's objective is to differentiate possible ADHD syndromes on the basis of symptom trajectories, prognosis, and associated clinical features in a high-risk cohort. METHOD Latent class analysis of inattentive (IA) and hyperactive-impulsive (HI) symptoms in 387 non-disabled members of a regional low birthweight/preterm birth cohort who were evaluated for ADHD at 6, 9, and 16 years. Adolescent functional outcomes and other clinical features were examined across the classes. RESULTS Three latent classes were identified: unaffected (modest IA and HI symptom prevalences at six, remitting by nine), school age limited (relatively high IA and HI symptom prevalences at six and nine, declining by 16), and persistent inattentive (high IA and HI prevalences at six and nine, with high IA levels persisting to 16). The persistent inattentive class was distinctively associated with poor functioning, motor problems, other psychiatric disorders, and social difficulties as indexed by a positive screen for autism spectrum disorder at 16. CONCLUSION These findings differentiate a potential persistent inattentive syndrome relevant to ADHD evaluation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Krasner
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J. Blake Turner
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Prudence W. Fisher
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jonathan E. Posner
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurence L. Greenhill
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David Shaffer
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agnes H. Whitaker
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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23
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The Association between Self-Regulation and Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Preschoolers with Externalizing Behavior Problems. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-018-9677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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Jhang CL, Huang TN, Hsueh YP, Liao W. Mice lacking cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 manifest autistic and ADHD-like behaviors. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3922-3934. [PMID: 29016850 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders frequently share common clinical features and appear high rate of comorbidity, such as those present in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). While characterizing behavioral phenotypes in the mouse model of cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the X-linked gene encoding CDKL5, we found that these mice manifested behavioral phenotypes mimicking multiple key features of ASD, such as impaired social interaction and communication, as well as increased stereotypic digging behaviors. These mice also displayed hyper-locomotion, increased aggressiveness and impulsivity, plus deficits in motor and associative learning, resembling primary symptoms of ADHD. Through brain region-specific biochemical analysis, we uncovered that loss of CDKL5 disrupts dopamine synthesis and the expression of social communication-related key genes, such as forkhead-box P2 and mu-opioid receptor, in the corticostriatal circuit. Together, our findings support that CDKL5 plays a role in the comorbid features of autism and ADHD, and mice lacking CDKL5 may serve as an animal model to study the molecular and circuit mechanisms underlying autism-ADHD comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian-Ling Jhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Nan Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wenlin Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan.,Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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25
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Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk for experiencing one or more co-occurring psychiatric conditions. When present, these conditions are associated with additional impairment and distress. It is therefore crucial that clinicians and researchers adequately understand and address these challenges. However, due to symptom overlap, diagnostic overshadowing, and ambiguous symptom presentation in ASD, the assessment of co-occurring conditions in ASD is complex and challenging. Likewise, individual difference factors, such as age, intellectual functioning, and gender, may influence the presentation of co-occurring symptoms. Relatedly, a transdiagnostic framework may offer utility in assessing and treating co-occurring conditions. However, with the exception of anxiety disorders, treatment research for co-occurring psychiatric conditions in ASD is relatively limited. Therefore, the present paper aims to summarize and review available research on the most common co-occurring psychiatric disorders in ASD, with a focus on estimated population-based prevalence rates, diagnostic challenges, the influence of individual differences, and assessment guidelines. The utility of a transdiagnostic framework for conceptualizing co-occurring disorders in ASD is discussed, and the state of treatment research for co-occurring disorders is summarized. This study concludes with a summary of the extant literature, as well as recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara E Rosen
- a Stony Brook University , Department of Psychology , Stony Brook , NY , USA
| | - Carla A Mazefsky
- b University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Department of Psychiatry , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Roma A Vasa
- c Kennedy Krieger Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Matthew D Lerner
- a Stony Brook University , Department of Psychology , Stony Brook , NY , USA
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26
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Mous SE, Jiang A, Agrawal A, Constantino JN. Attention and motor deficits index non-specific background liabilities that predict autism recurrence in siblings. J Neurodev Disord 2017; 9:32. [PMID: 28870164 PMCID: PMC5583755 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-017-9212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research has demonstrated that subclinical autistic traits of parents amplify the effects of deleterious mutations in the causation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in their offspring. Here, we examined the extent to which two neurodevelopmental traits that are non-specific to ASD—inattention/hyperactivity and motor coordination—might contribute to ASD recurrence in siblings of ASD probands. Methods Data from a quantitative trait study of 114 ASD probands and their brothers, 26% of whom also had ASD, were analyzed. Autistic trait severity was ascertained using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2, attention/hyperactivity problems using the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, and motor coordination (in a subset of participants) using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. Results Among siblings (affected and unaffected), both categorical recurrence of ASD (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.53) and quantitative ASD trait burden (R2 = 0.55) were predicted by sibling ADHD and motor coordination impairment scores, even though these traits, on average, were not elevated among the unaffected siblings. Conclusions These findings in a clinical family cohort confirm observations from general population studies that inattention/hyperactivity and motor impairment—axes of behavioral development that are non-specific to ASD, and often appreciable before ASD is typically diagnosed—jointly account for over 50% of the variation in autistic impairment of siblings, whether ascertained quantitatively or categorically. This finding within a sibling design suggests that background ASD susceptibilities that are inherited but non-specific (“BASINS”) may contribute to additive genetic liability in the same manner that ASD-specific susceptibilities (such as parental subclinical ASD traits and deleterious mutations) engender ASD risk. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s11689-017-9212-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine E Mous
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8504, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Allan Jiang
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8504, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8504, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John N Constantino
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8504, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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27
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Naruse H, Fujisawa TX, Yatsuga C, Kubota M, Matsuo H, Takiguchi S, Shimada S, Imai Y, Hiratani M, Kosaka H, Tomoda A. Increased Anterior Pelvic Angle Characterizes the Gait of Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170096. [PMID: 28099484 PMCID: PMC5242439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently have motor problems. Previous studies have reported that the characteristic gait in children with ADHD is immature and that subjects demonstrate higher levels of variability in gait characteristics for the lower extremities than healthy controls. However, little is known about body movement during gait in children with ADHD. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristic body movements associated with ADHD symptoms in children with ADHD. METHODS Using a three-dimensional motion analysis system, we compared gait variables in boys with ADHD (n = 19; mean age, 9.58 years) and boys with typical development (TD) (n = 21; mean age, 10.71 years) to determine the specific gait characteristics related to ADHD symptoms. We assessed spatiotemporal gait variables (i.e. speed, stride length, and cadence), and kinematic gait variables (i.e. angle of pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle) to measure body movement when walking at a self-selected pace. RESULTS In comparison with the TD group, the ADHD group demonstrated significantly higher values in cadence (t = 3.33, p = 0.002) and anterior pelvic angle (t = 3.08, p = 0.004). In multiple regression analysis, anterior pelvic angle was associated with the ADHD rating scale hyperactive/impulsive scores (β = 0.62, t = 2.58, p = 0.025), but not other psychiatric symptoms in the ADHD group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that anterior pelvic angle represents a specific gait variable related to ADHD symptoms. Our kinematic findings could have potential implications for evaluating the body movement in boys with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Naruse
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takashi X. Fujisawa
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Chiho Yatsuga
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
- National Hospital Organization Hizen Psychiatric Center, Kanzaki-gun, Saga, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kubota
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsuo
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Takiguchi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Shimada
- Division of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of Fukui Hospital, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yuto Imai
- Hiratani Clinic for Developmental Disorders of Children, Kitayotsui, Fukui City, Fukui, Japan
| | - Michio Hiratani
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
- Hiratani Clinic for Developmental Disorders of Children, Kitayotsui, Fukui City, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kosaka
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akemi Tomoda
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
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Lamanna AL, Craig F, Matera E, Simone M, Buttiglione M, Margari L. Risk factors for the existence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:1559-1567. [PMID: 28670125 PMCID: PMC5478272 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s132214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, several authors have reported symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD); however, studies on the risk factors of ADHD symptoms in children with ASD are lacking. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the risk factors for the development of ADHD symptoms in children with ASD. The sample consisted of 67 children with ASD who were assessed with Conner's Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R), and with a semi-structured detailed interview administered to parents, to collect a series of clinical data such as coexisting somatic and neuropsychiatric problems and familial and pre/peri/postpartum risk factors. We found that 55% of ASD children exceeded the cut-off of CPRS-R Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), total scale. The univariate analyses showed that children's age (P=0.048), motor delay (P=0.039), enuresis (P=0.014), allergies (P<0.01), comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (P=0.026) and intellectual disabilities comorbidities (P=0.034) were associated to the CPRS-R DSM-IV total score. Some familial predictors such as neuropsychiatric family history of intellectual disabilities (P=0.003) and psychosis (P=0.039) were related to the CPRS-R DSM-IV total score. In particular, a model including allergies (P=0.000) and family history of psychosis (P=0.03) explained 25% (corrected R2=0.25) of the variance of the DSM-IV ADHD score. In conclusion, we identified some risk factors associated with the development of ADHD symptoms in ASD children that need to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Linda Lamanna
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Craig
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Emilia Matera
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Marta Simone
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Maura Buttiglione
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Margari
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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29
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Reiersen AM. How should we classify complex neurodevelopmental disorders? Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2017. [DOI: 10.21307/sjcapp-2017-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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30
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Cook J. From movement kinematics to social cognition: the case of autism. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:rstb.2015.0372. [PMID: 27069049 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The way in which we move influences our ability to perceive, interpret and predict the actions of others. Thus movements play an important role in social cognition. This review article will appraise the literature concerning movement kinematics and motor control in individuals with autism, and will argue that movement differences between typical and autistic individuals may contribute to bilateral difficulties in reciprocal social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cook
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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31
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Ayaz AB, Ayaz M, Yazgan Y, Akin E. The Relationship between Motor Coordination and Social Behavior Problems in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5455/bcp.20121130091058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Burcu Ayaz
- Sakarya University Research and Trainig Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, Sakarya - Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ayaz
- Sakarya University Research and Trainig Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, Sakarya - Turkey
| | - Yanki Yazgan
- Guzel Gunler Children's Health Center, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Elif Akin
- Elazig Mental Health Hospital Child and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, Elazığ - Turkey
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32
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Connolly AJ, Rinehart NJ, Johnson B, Papadopoulos N, Fielding J. Voluntary saccades in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Looking into the relationship between motor impairment and Autism Spectrum Disorder symptoms. Neuroscience 2016; 334:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hartman CA, Geurts HM, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Rommelse NNJ. Changing ASD-ADHD symptom co-occurrence across the lifespan with adolescence as crucial time window: Illustrating the need to go beyond childhood. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:529-541. [PMID: 27629802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Literature on the co-occurrence between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is strongly biased by a focus on childhood age. A review of the adolescent and adult literature was made on core and related symptoms of ADHD and ASD. In addition, an empirical approach was used including 17,173 ASD-ADHD symptom ratings from participants aged 0 to 84 years. Results indicate that ASD/ADHD constellations peak during adolescence and are lower in early childhood and old age. We hypothesize that on the border of the expected transition to independent adulthood, ASD and ADHD co-occur most because social adaptation and EF skills matter most. Lower correlations in childhood and older age may be due to more diffuse symptoms reflecting respectively still differentiating and de-differentiating EF functions. We plea for a strong research focus in adolescence which may -after early childhood- be a second crucial time window for catching-up pattern explaining more optimal outcomes. We discuss obstacles and oppportunities of a full lifespan approach into old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE) & Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hilde M Geurts
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Cognition, d'Arc, & Cognitive Science Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dr Leo Kannerhuis, Autism Clinic, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda N J Rommelse
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Langmaid RA, Papadopoulos N, Johnson BP, Phillips J, Rinehart NJ. Movement Scaling in Children With ADHD-Combined Type. J Atten Disord 2016; 20:131-7. [PMID: 23900404 DOI: 10.1177/1087054713493317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate motor performance in children with ADHD using a size-scaling handwriting task. METHOD In all, 14 male children with ADHD and 14 typically developing (TD) children (age 7-15) wrote 10-mm and 40-mm cursive letter "l." RESULTS Children with ADHD were unable to maintain their writing accurately at 40 mm, falling short by several millimeters; this was not evident in the TD children. Children with ADHD also had slightly faster and more fluent writing than TD children. CONCLUSION It was concluded that children with ADHD have difficulties scaling handwriting movement in the larger 40-mm condition that may reflect poor planning and modulation of movement, despite having faster and more fluent movements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Papadopoulos
- Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Nicole J Rinehart
- Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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35
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Dougherty CC, Evans DW, Myers SM, Moore GJ, Michael AM. A Comparison of Structural Brain Imaging Findings in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 26:25-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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36
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Sanz-Cervera P, Pastor-Cerezuela G, Fernández-Andrés MI, Tárraga-Mínguez R. Sensory processing in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Relationship with non-verbal IQ, autism severity and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptomatology. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2015; 45-46:188-201. [PMID: 26263405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to analyze in a sample of children with ASD the relationship between sensory processing, social participation and praxis impairments and some of the child's characteristics, such as non-verbal IQ, severity of ASD symptoms and the number of ADHD symptoms (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity), both in the home and main-classroom environments. Participants were the parents and teachers of 41 children with ASD from 5 to 8 years old (M=6.09). They completed the Sensory Processing Measure (SPM) to evaluate sensory processing, social participation and praxis; the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-2) to evaluate autism severity; and a set of items (the DSM-IV-TR criteria) to evaluate the number of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms in the child. Non-verbal IQ - measured by the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices Test - did not show a relationship with any of the SPM variables. The SPM variables were significant predictors of autism severity and had similar weights in the two environments. In the case of ADHD symptoms, the SPM variables had a greater weight in the home than in the classroom environment, and they were significant predictors of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity - especially inattention - only in the family context. The moderate association between inattention and auditory processing found in the main-classroom suggests the possible utility of certain measures aimed to simplify any classroom's acoustic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sanz-Cervera
- Teaching and Scholastic Organization Department, Faculty of Philosophy and Educational Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Tarongers, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gemma Pastor-Cerezuela
- Basic Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria-Inmaculada Fernández-Andrés
- Developmental and Educational Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Raul Tárraga-Mínguez
- Teaching and Scholastic Organization Department, Faculty of Philosophy and Educational Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Tarongers, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Norén Selinus E, Molero Y, Lichtenstein P, Larson T, Lundström S, Anckarsäter H, Gumpert CH. Childhood Symptoms of ADHD Overrule Comorbidity in Relation to Psychosocial Outcome at Age 15: A Longitudinal Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137475. [PMID: 26360378 PMCID: PMC4567137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs) may influence the transition from childhood to adolescence. Our aim was to study long-term psychosocial outcomes of NDPs, focusing on ADHD. Method Data was collected through a telephone interview with parents of twins at ages 9 or 12 years. NDP screen-positive children were clinically assessed at age 15; N = 450. Psychosocial outcome concerning peers, school, internalizing problems, antisocial behavior, alcohol misuse, drug misuse, and impaired daily functioning was examined. Results Even after controlling for other NDP comorbidity, screen-positivity for ADHD doubled or tripled the odds of later psychosocial problems. When controlling for parental education level, the significant effect of ADHD remained only for antisocial behavior and impaired daily functioning. Conclusions Signs of NDPs as well as other psychiatric diagnoses at ages 9 or 12 years are associated with a more problematic adolescence. However, despite the presence of comorbidity, early ADHD symptoms stand out as the most important risk factor for later antisocial development and impaired daily functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Norén Selinus
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research & Education, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Yasmina Molero
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Larson
- Center for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Lundström
- Center for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- Center for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Clara Hellner Gumpert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research & Education, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Childhood neurodevelopmental problems and adolescent bully victimization: population-based, prospective twin study in Sweden. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24:1049-59. [PMID: 25567653 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bully victimization is a common problem among children with neurodevelopmental disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Previous research was mostly cross-sectional and seldom accounted for co-morbid psychopathology, which makes it difficult to draw conclusions about causality and specificity of any association. Using a genetically informative prospective design, we investigated the association between various neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs) in childhood and bully victimization in adolescence, and the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to this association. We obtained parent-reports of NDPs at age 9/12 years and self-reported bully victimization at age 15 for 3,921 children participating in the The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS). Structural equation modelling was used to control for NDP co-morbidity and bully victimization at baseline. Cholesky decomposition was used to analyse genetic and environmental contributions to observed associations. Because most of the NDPs were associated to later bully victimization, a common effect of all NDPs was summarized into a general NDP factor. Controlling for this general factor, only problems with social interaction and motor control uniquely predicted subsequent bully victimization in girls. General and unique associations were influenced by both genetic and unique environmental factors. NDPs in general and social interaction and motor problems in particular predicted later bully victimization. The longitudinal design and twin analyses indicated that these associations might be causal. Knowledge of these vulnerabilities may be important when designing risk assessment and prevention strategies.
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Kern JK, Geier DA, Sykes LK, Geier MR, Deth RC. Are ASD and ADHD a Continuum? A Comparison of Pathophysiological Similarities Between the Disorders. J Atten Disord 2015; 19:805-27. [PMID: 23074304 DOI: 10.1177/1087054712459886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to review and compare the similarities between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ADHD with regard to symptomatology, neurological deficits, metabolic and endocrine-related conditions, and brain pathology. METHOD A comprehensive review of the relevant research literature was carried out. RESULTS A number of important similarities between ASD and ADHD were identified, including recent increases in prevalence, male-biased incidence, shared involvement of sensory processing, motor and impulse control, abnormal patterns of neural connectivity, and sleep disturbances. Studies suggest involvement of androgen metabolism, impaired methylation, and heavy metal toxicity as possible contributing factors for both disorders. CONCLUSION ASD and ADHD share a number of features and pathophysiological conditions, which suggests that the two disorders may be a continuum and have a common origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet K Kern
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David A Geier
- Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA
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40
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Green RR, Bigler ED, Froehlich A, Prigge MBD, Travers BG, Cariello AN, Anderson JS, Zielinski BA, Alexander A, Lange N, Lainhart JE. Beery VMI performance in autism spectrum disorder. Child Neuropsychol 2015; 22:795-817. [PMID: 26292997 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2015.1056131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the visuomotor integration (VMI) abilities of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An all-male sample consisting of 56 ASD participants (ages 3-23 years) and 36 typically developing (TD) participants (ages 4-26 years) completed the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery VMI) as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. Participants were also administered standardized measures of intellectual functioning and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), which assesses autism and autism-like traits. The ASD group performed significantly lower on the Beery VMI and on all IQ measures compared to the TD group. VMI performance was significantly correlated with full scale IQ (FSIQ), performance IQ (PIQ), and verbal IQ (VIQ) in the TD group only. However, when FSIQ was taken into account, no significant Beery VMI differences between groups were observed. Only one TD participant scored 1.5 standard deviations (SDs) below the Beery VMI normative sample mean, in comparison to 21% of the ASD sample. As expected, the ASD group was rated as having significantly higher levels of social impairment on the SRS compared to the TD group across all major domains. However, level of functioning on the SRS was not associated with Berry VMI performance. These findings demonstrate that a substantial number of individuals with ASD experience difficulties compared to TD in performing VMI-related tasks, and that VMI is likely affected by general cognitive ability. The fact that lowered Beery VMI performance occurred only within a subset of individuals with ASD and did not correlate with SRS would indicate that visuomotor deficits are not a core feature of ASD, even though they present at a higher rate of impairment than observed in TD participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Green
- a Department of Psychology , Brigham Young University , Provo , UT , USA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- a Department of Psychology , Brigham Young University , Provo , UT , USA.,b Neuroscience Center , Brigham Young University , Provo , UT , USA.,c Department of Psychiatry , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Alyson Froehlich
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Molly B D Prigge
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Brittany G Travers
- d Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior , University of Wisconsin , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Annahir N Cariello
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Jeffrey S Anderson
- e Department of Radiology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Brandon A Zielinski
- f Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, School of Medicine , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Andrew Alexander
- d Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior , University of Wisconsin , Madison , WI , USA.,g Department of Medical Physics , University of Wisconsin , Madison , WI , USA.,h Department of Psychiatry , University of Wisconsin , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Nicholas Lange
- i Departments of Psychiatry and Biostatistics , Harvard University , Boston , MA , USA.,j Neurostatistics Laboratory , McLean Hospital , Belmont , MA , USA
| | - Janet E Lainhart
- d Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior , University of Wisconsin , Madison , WI , USA.,h Department of Psychiatry , University of Wisconsin , Madison , WI , USA
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Johnson MH, Gliga T, Jones E, Charman T. Annual research review: Infant development, autism, and ADHD--early pathways to emerging disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 56:228-47. [PMID: 25266278 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are two of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, with a high degree of co-occurrence. METHODS Prospective longitudinal studies of infants who later meet criteria for ASD or ADHD offer the opportunity to determine whether the two disorders share developmental pathways. RESULTS Prospective studies of younger siblings of children with autism have revealed a range of infant behavioral and neural markers associated with later diagnosis of ASD. Research on infants with later ADHD is less developed, but emerging evidence reveals a number of relations between infant measures and later symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity. CONCLUSIONS We review this literature, highlighting points of convergence and divergence in the early pathways to ASD and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Johnson
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
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Papadopoulos N, Rinehart NJ, Bradshaw JL, Taffe J, McGinley J. Is there a link between motor performance variability and social-communicative impairment in children with ADHD-CT: a kinematic study using an upper limb fitts' aiming task. J Atten Disord 2015; 19:72-7. [PMID: 22851209 DOI: 10.1177/1087054712454569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between motor performance and social-communicative impairment in children with ADHD-combined type (ADHD-CT). METHOD An upper limb Fitts' aiming task was used as a measure of motor performance and the Social Responsiveness Scale as a measure of social-communicative/autistic impairment in the following groups: ADHD-CT (n = 11) and typically developing (TD) controls (n = 10). RESULTS Children with ADHD-CT displayed greater variability in their movements, reflected in increased error variance over repeated aiming trials compared with TD controls. Motor performance variability was associated with social-communicative deficits in the ADHD-CT but not in the TD group. CONCLUSION Social-communicative impairments further complicate the clinical picture of ADHD-CT; therefore, further research in this area is warranted to ascertain whether a particular pattern of motor disturbance in children with ADHD-CT may be clinically useful in identifying and assessing children with a more complex ADHD presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Taffe
- Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
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An investigation of gait in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: a case controlled study. Psychiatry Res 2014; 218:319-23. [PMID: 24837426 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the gait of children with ADHD - Combined Type (ADHD-CT) to typically developing (TD) children. Children with ADHD-CT (n=14; mean age 10 years 4 months) and a TD group (n=13; mean age 10 years 9 months) walked at self-selected slow, preferred and fast speed on an electronic walkway system. Participants completed a total of 15 walking trials; 5 trials per walking condition. Groups were matched on age, intellectual functioning, height and weight. In the preferred walking condition, there was no difference in spatio-temporal gait variables between the ADHD-CT and TD control groups. At self-selected fast speed, children with ADHD-CT were faster and walked with a higher cadence. The subtle alterations in gait pattern that may reflect a timing deficit is consistent with previous ADHD motor studies. In addition, this study extends previous studies in characterising the unique gait profile of non-medicated children with ADHD-CT where a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder has been ruled out.
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Plenty S, Bejerot S, Eriksson K. Humor Style and Motor Skills: Understanding Vulnerability to Bullying. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v10i3.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of humor style and motor skills in vulnerability to bullying. 729 adults responded to the Humor Style Questionnaire (HSQ) and items retrospectively addressing their motor skills and bullying experiences during childhood. Consistent with recent research, poorer motor skills were associated with a greater extent of having been bullied. An association between stronger motor skills and affiliative humor was found, lending support to a shared biological basis theory underlying social and motor competency processes. Most importantly, being bullied was associated with higher self-defeating humor and lower affiliative humor. This supports earlier theoretical work by Klein and Kuiper (2006) and highlights the role that humor styles play in social interactions that can promote positive peer acceptance and wellbeing.
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Musser ED, Hawkey E, Kachan-Liu SS, Lees P, Roullet JB, Goddard K, Steiner RD, Nigg JT. Shared familial transmission of autism spectrum and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55:819-27. [PMID: 24444366 PMCID: PMC4211282 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether familial transmission is shared between autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, we assessed the prevalence, rates of comorbidity, and familial transmission of both disorders in a large population-based sample of children during a recent 7 year period. METHODS Study participants included all children born to parents with the Kaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW) Health Plan between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2004 (n = 35,073). Children and mothers with physician-identified autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were identified via electronic medical records maintained for all KPNW members. RESULTS Among children aged 6-12 years, prevalence was 2.0% for ADHD and 0.8% for ASD; within those groups, 0.2% of the full sample (19% of the ASD sample and 9.6% of the ADHD sample) had co-occurring ASD and ADHD, when all children were included. When mothers had a diagnosis of ADHD, first born offspring were at 6-fold risk of ADHD alone (OR = 5.02, p < .0001) and at 2.5-fold risk of ASD alone (OR = 2.52, p < .01). Results were not accounted for by maternal age, child gestational age, child gender, and child race. CONCLUSIONS Autism spectrum disorders shares familial transmission with ADHD. ADHD and ASD have a partially overlapping diathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica D. Musser
- Oregon Health & Science University, Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, USA, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hawkey
- Oregon Health & Science University, Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Paul Lees
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | - Robert D. Steiner
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, University of Wisconsin, Marshfield, Wiscosin, USA
| | - Joel T. Nigg
- Oregon Health & Science University, Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Matson JL, Cervantes PE. Commonly studied comorbid psychopathologies among persons with autism spectrum disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 35:952-962. [PMID: 24629541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study of comorbid psychopathology among persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is picking up steam. The purpose of this paper was to review and describe important characteristics of existing studies. Among the current crop of papers, depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been frequently evaluated. Groups studied have most frequently been children. Persons with ASD and normal intelligence quotient (IQ) scores have been studied more often than individuals with ASD and intellectual disability. Additional characteristics are discussed, and the implications of these data for future developments in the field are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Paige E Cervantes
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
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Kröger A, Hof K, Krick C, Siniatchkin M, Jarczok T, Freitag CM, Bender S. Visual processing of biological motion in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an event related potential-study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88585. [PMID: 24520402 PMCID: PMC3919797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often accompanied by problems in social behaviour, which are sometimes similar to some symptoms of autism-spectrum disorders (ASD). However, neuronal mechanisms of ASD-like deficits in ADHD have rarely been studied. The processing of biological motion-recently discussed as a marker of social cognition-was found to be disrupted in ASD in several studies. Thus in the present study we tested if biological motion processing is disrupted in ADHD. We used 64-channel EEG and spatio-temporal source analysis to assess event-related potentials associated with human motion processing in 21 children and adolescents with ADHD and 21 matched typically developing controls. On the behavioural level, all subjects were able to differentiate between human and scrambled motion. But in response to both scrambled and biological motion, the N200 amplitude was decreased in subjects with ADHD. After a spatio-temporal dipole analysis, a human motion specific activation was observable in occipital-temporal regions with a reduced and more diffuse activation in ADHD subjects. These results point towards neuronal determined alterations in the processing of biological motion in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kröger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Hof
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Krick
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg an der Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Siniatchkin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jarczok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine M. Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Papadopoulos N, Rinehart N, Bradshaw JL, McGinley JL. Brief report: children with ADHD without co-morbid autism do not have impaired motor proficiency on the movement assessment battery for children. J Autism Dev Disord 2014; 43:1477-82. [PMID: 23100051 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Motor proficiency was investigated in a sample of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Combined type (ADHD-CT) without autism. Accounting for the influence of co-morbid autistic symptoms in ADHD motor studies is vital given that motor impairment has been linked to social-communication symptoms in children who have co-morbid ADHD and autistic-like symptoms. Two groups of children aged between 7-14 years were recruited; children with ADHD-CT (n = 16; mean age 10 years, 7 months [SD = 1 year, 10 months]) and a typically developing (n = 16; mean age 10 years, 6 months [SD = 2 years, 6 months]) group. Motor proficiency was measured using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd Edition, ADHD symptoms were measured using the Conner's Parent Rating Scale. Children with ADHD-CT who had been screened for co-morbid autism did not display motor difficulties on the MABC-2. Higher levels of inattention, but not hyperactivity or impulsivity were associated with poorer motor performance. These findings provide indirect evidence that the motor problems that children with ADHD experience may be related to co-occurring social responsiveness impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Papadopoulos
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Building 1, 270 Ferntree Gully Road Notting hill, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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Mulligan RC, Reiersen AM, Todorov AA. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autistic Traits, and Substance Use Among Missouri Adolescents. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2014; 2:86-92. [DOI: 10.21307/sjcapp-2014-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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50
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Bejerot S, Plenty S, Humble A, Humble MB. Poor motor skills: a risk marker for bully victimization. Aggress Behav 2013; 39:453-61. [PMID: 23784933 PMCID: PMC4223993 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Children who are clumsy are often bullied. Nevertheless, motor skills have been overlooked in research on bullying victimization. A total of 2,730 Swedish adults (83% females) responded to retrospective questions on bullying, their talents in physical education (i.e., coordination and balls skills) and school academics. Poor talents were used as indicators of poor gross motor skills and poor academic skills. A subset of participants also provided information on educational level in adulthood, childhood obesity, belonging to an ethic minority in school and socioeconomic status relative to schoolmates. A total of 29.4% of adults reported being bullied in school, and 18.4% reported having below average gross motor skills. Of those with below average motor skills, 48.6% were bullied in school. Below average motor skills in childhood were associated with an increased risk (OR 3.01 [95% CI: 1.97–4.60]) of being bullied, even after adjusting for the influence of lower socioeconomic status, poor academic performance, being overweight, and being a bully. Higher odds for bully victimization were also associated with lower socioeconomic status (OR 2.29 [95% CI: 1.45–3.63]), being overweight (OR 1.71 [95% CI: 1.18–2.47]) and being a bully (OR 2.18 [95% CI: 1.53–3.11]). The findings indicate that poor gross motor skills constitute a robust risk-marker for vulnerability for bully victimization. Aggr. Behav. 39:453–461, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. Aggressive Behavior Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bejerot
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Stephanie Plenty
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Alice Humble
- Faculty of OdontologyMalmö UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Mats B. Humble
- Psychiatric Research CentreSchool of Health and Medical SciencesÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
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