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Zhang H, Sun J, Zhang Y, Xiao K, Wang Y, Si J, Li Y, Sun L, Zhao T, Yi M, Chu X, Li J. Association between exposure to air pollution and arterial stiffness in participants with and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Clin Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00392-024-02506-2. [PMID: 39105787 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-024-02506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the association of air pollution exposure at different time scales with arterial stiffness in participants with and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). METHODS We measured participants' arterial stiffness with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) from October 2016 to January 2020. Concentrations of air pollutants including fine particles < 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), inhalable particles < 10 μm aerodynamic diameter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) measured by fixed ambient air monitoring stations were collected for short- (7-day) and long-term (365-day) exposure assessment. We used generalized estimating equations (GEEs) to analyze and further explored the modification effects between ASCVD and air pollutants. RESULTS Seven hundred sixty-five participants were finally included and four hunderd sixty (60.1%) participants had a history of ASCVD. Based on the partial regression coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) calculated from GEEs using linear regression, each 10 μg/m3 increase in long-term exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with 31.85 cm/s (95% CI, 17.97 to 45.73) and 35.93 cm/s (95% CI, 21.01 to 50.84) increase in baPWV. There was no association between short-term exposure to air pollution and arterial stiffness. Although no significant interaction effect was observed between air pollution and ASCVD, baPWV showed a greater increment in the subgroup without ASCVD. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to air pollution is closely associated with higher arterial stiffness in participants with and without ASCVD. Reducing air pollution exposure is essential in the primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jinghao Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Keling Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Medical Research and Biometrics Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jin Si
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lijie Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Health Management Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Amini H, Yousefian F, Faridi S, Andersen ZJ, Calas E, Castro A, Cervantes-Martínez K, Cole-Hunter T, Corso M, Dragic N, Evangelopoulos D, Gapp C, Hassanvand MS, Kim I, Le Tertre A, Medina S, Miller B, Montero S, Requia WJ, Riojas-Rodriguez H, Rojas-Rueda D, Samoli E, Texcalac-Sangrador JL, Yitshak-Sade M, Schwartz J, Kuenzli N, Spadaro JV, Krzyzanowski M, Mudu P. Two Decades of Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment: Insights From the Use of WHO's AirQ and AirQ+ Tools. Public Health Rev 2024; 45:1606969. [PMID: 38957684 PMCID: PMC11217191 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2024.1606969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives We evaluated studies that used the World Health Organization's (WHO) AirQ and AirQ+ tools for air pollution (AP) health risk assessment (HRA) and provided best practice suggestions for future assessments. Methods We performed a comprehensive review of studies using WHO's AirQ and AirQ+ tools, searching several databases for relevant articles, reports, and theses from inception to Dec 31, 2022. Results We identified 286 studies that met our criteria. The studies were conducted in 69 countries, with most (57%) in Iran, followed by Italy and India (∼8% each). We found that many studies inadequately report air pollution exposure data, its quality, and validity. The decisions concerning the analysed population size, health outcomes of interest, baseline incidence, concentration-response functions, relative risk values, and counterfactual values are often not justified, sufficiently. Many studies lack an uncertainty assessment. Conclusion Our review found a number of common shortcomings in the published assessments. We suggest better practices and urge future studies to focus on the quality of input data, its reporting, and associated uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heresh Amini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Institute for Climate Change, Environmental Health, and Exposomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fatemeh Yousefian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sasan Faridi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zorana J. Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Alberto Castro
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karla Cervantes-Martínez
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Cole-Hunter
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magali Corso
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Natasa Dragic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dimitris Evangelopoulos
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Gapp
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ingu Kim
- European Centre for Environment and Health, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alain Le Tertre
- Regional Office Bretagne, Santé Publique France, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvia Medina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Brian Miller
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Weeberb J. Requia
- Center for Environment and Public Health Studies, School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - David Rojas-Rueda
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maayan Yitshak-Sade
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Institute for Climate Change, Environmental Health, and Exposomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nino Kuenzli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joseph V. Spadaro
- Spadaro Environmental Research Consultants (SERC), Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Pierpaolo Mudu
- European Centre for Environment and Health, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Bonn, Germany
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Weismann D, Möckel M, Paeth H, Slagman A. Modelling variations of emergency attendances using data on community mobility, climate and air pollution. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20595. [PMID: 37996460 PMCID: PMC10667222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with morbidity and mortality worldwide. We investigated the impact of improved air quality during the economic lockdown during the SARS-Cov2 pandemic on emergency room (ER) admissions in Germany. Weekly aggregated clinical data from 33 hospitals were collected in 2019 and 2020. Hourly concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur dioxide (NO2, SO2), carbon and nitrogen monoxide (CO, NO), ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) measured by ground stations and meteorological data (ERA5) were selected from a 30 km radius around the corresponding ED. Mobility was assessed using aggregated cell phone data. A linear stepwise multiple regression model was used to predict ER admissions. The average weekly emergency numbers vary from 200 to over 1600 cases (total n = 2,216,217). The mean maximum decrease in caseload was 5 standard deviations. With the enforcement of the shutdown in March, the mobility index dropped by almost 40%. Of all air pollutants, NO2 has the strongest correlation with ER visits when averaged across all departments. Using a linear stepwise multiple regression model, 63% of the variation in ER visits is explained by the mobility index, but still 6% of the variation is explained by air quality and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Weismann
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Möckel
- Departments of Emergency and Acute Medicine, Campus Mitte and Virchow-Klinikum, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Paeth
- Geographical Institute, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Slagman
- Departments of Emergency and Acute Medicine, Campus Mitte and Virchow-Klinikum, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Schwarz M, Schneider A, Cyrys J, Bastian S, Breitner S, Peters A. Impact of ultrafine particles and total particle number concentration on five cause-specific hospital admission endpoints in three German cities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108032. [PMID: 37352580 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have shown associations between daily concentrations of fine particles (e.g., particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm; PM2.5) and morbidity. However, evidence for ultrafine particles (UFP; particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 10-100 nm) remains conflicting. Therefore, we aimed to examine the short-term associations of UFP with five cause-specific hospital admission endpoints for Leipzig, Dresden, and Augsburg, Germany. MATERIAL AND METHODS We obtained daily counts of (cause-specific) cardiorespiratory hospital admissions between 2010 and 2017. Daily average concentrations of UFP, total particle number (PNC; 10-800 nm), and black carbon (BC) were measured at six sites; PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were obtained from monitoring networks. We assessed immediate (lag 0-1), delayed (lag 2-4, lag 5-7), and cumulative (lag 0-7) effects by applying station-specific confounder-adjusted Poisson regression models. We then used a novel multi-level meta-analytical method to obtain pooled risk estimates. Finally, we performed two-pollutant models to investigate interdependencies between pollutants and examined possible effect modification by age, sex, and season. RESULTS UFP showed a delayed (lag 2-4) increase in respiratory hospital admissions of 0.69% [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.28%; 1.67%]. For other hospital admission endpoints, we found only suggestive results. Larger particle size fractions, such as accumulation mode particles (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 100-800 nm), generally showed stronger effects (respiratory hospital admissions & lag 2-4: 1.55% [95% CI: 0.86%; 2.25%]). PM2.5 showed the most consistent associations for (cardio-)respiratory hospital admissions, whereas NO2 did not show any associations. Two-pollutant models showed independent effects of PM2.5 and BC. Moreover, higher risks have been observed for children. CONCLUSIONS We observed clear associations with PM2.5 but UFP or PNC did not show a clear association across different exposure windows and cause-specific hospital admissions. Further multi-center studies are needed using harmonized UFP measurements to draw definite conclusions on the health effects of UFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schwarz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Josef Cyrys
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Święczkowski M, Dobrzycki S, Kuźma Ł. Multi-City Analysis of the Acute Effect of Polish Smog on Cause-Specific Mortality (EP-PARTICLES Study). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085566. [PMID: 37107848 PMCID: PMC10139136 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polish smog is a specific type of air pollution present in Eastern Poland, which may cause particularly adverse cardiovascular effects. It is characterized primarily by high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and different favorable conditions of formation. Our study aimed to assess whether PM and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) have a short-term impact on mortality due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and ischemic stroke (IS). The study covered the years 2016-2020, a total of 6 million person-years from five main cities in Eastern Poland. To evaluate the association between air pollution and cause-specific mortality, a case-crossover study design with conditional logistic regression was used at days with LAG from 0 to 2. We recorded 87,990 all-cause deaths, including 9688 and 3776 deaths due to ACS and IS, respectively. A 10 μg/m3 increase in air pollutants was associated with an increase in mortality due to ACS (PM2.5 OR = 1.029, 95%CI 1.011-1.047, p = 0.002; PM10 OR = 1.015, 95%CI 1-1.029, p = 0.049) on LAG 0. On LAG 1 we recorded an increase in both IS (PM2.5 OR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.001-1.058, p = 0.04) and ACS (PM2.5 OR = 1.028, 95%CI 1.01-1.047, p = 0.003; PM10 OR = 1.026, 95%CI 1.011-1.041, p = 0.001; NO2 OR = 1.036, 95%CI 1.003-1.07, p = 0.04). There was a strong association between air pollution and cause-specific mortality in women (ACS: PM2.5 OR = 1.032, 95%CI 1.006-1.058, p = 0.01; PM10 OR = 1.028, 95%CI 1.008-1.05, p = 0.01) and elderly (ACS: PM2.5 OR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.01-1.05, p = 0.003; PM10 OR = 1.027, 95% CI 1.011-1.043, p < 0.001 and IS: PM2.5 OR = 1.037, 95%CI 1.007-1.069, p = 0.01; PM10 OR = 1.025, 95%CI 1.001-1.05, p = 0.04). The negative influence of PMs was observed on mortality due to ACS and IS. NO2 was associated with only ACS-related mortality. The most vulnerable subgroups were women and the elderly.
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Zhang H, Yi M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xiao K, Si J, Shi N, Sun L, Miao Z, Zhao T, Sun X, Liu Z, Gao J, Li J. Air pollution and recurrence of cardiovascular events after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2021; 342:1-8. [PMID: 34974197 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The effects of air pollution on discharged patients after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) still remain uncertain. We examined the association between air pollutants and recurrent cardiovascular events in STEMI survivors. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 1641 discharged patients after STEMI was established in 2013 and followed until the end of 2019. Concentrations of air pollutants including fine particles <2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), inhalable particles <10 μm aerodynamic diameter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) measured by fixed ambient air monitoring stations were collected for exposure assessment. Multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the increased risks of recurrent cardiovascular events. RESULTS Compared with the first exposure quartile, for short-term exposure, hazard ratios (HRs) of recurrent cardiovascular events associated with the fourth exposure quartiles of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3 were 4.06 (95% CI: 2.62-6.30), 3.79 (95% CI: 2.57-5.58), 2.22 (95% CI: 1.67-2.94), 4.47 (95% CI: 3.08-6.48), 3.73 (95% CI: 2.54-5.48), and 5.35 (95% CI: 3.12-9.20), respectively. For long-term exposure, HRs associated with the fourth exposure quartiles of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3 were 6.43 (95% CI: 3.60-11.47), 4.77 (95% CI: 2.85-7.99), 3.22 (95% CI: 2.00-5.19), 3.20 (95% CI: 2.05-5.01), 4.44 (95% CI: 2.65-7.45), and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.80-1.42), respectively. The risks of recurrent cardiovascular events brought by air pollutants mostly increased nonlinearly. CONCLUSIONS Short- and long-term exposure to air pollutants except ozone increases the risks of recurrent cardiovascular events in STEMI survivors. Better environmental policies and secondary prevention strategies should be developed to protect STEMI survivors as a susceptible population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China; Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China; Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Keling Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China; Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jin Si
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China; Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ning Shi
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China; Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lijie Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China; Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zupei Miao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China; Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China; Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xipeng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China; Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Wang M, Li H, Huang S, Qian Y, Steenland K, Xie Y, Papatheodorou S, Shi L. Short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111766. [PMID: 34331919 PMCID: PMC8578359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution has been characterized as a leading cause of mortality worldwide and has been associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. There is increasing evidence that short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), is related to adverse health effects and mortality. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of short-term NO2 and daily mortality, which were indexed in PubMed and Embase up to June 2021. We calculated random-effects estimates by different continents and globally, and tested for heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS We included 87 articles in our quantitative analysis. NO2 and all-cause as well as cause-specific mortality were positively associated in the main analysis. For all-cause mortality, a 10 ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 1.58% (95%CI 1.28%-1.88%, I2 = 96.3%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 57) increase in the risk of death. For cause-specific mortality, a 10 ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a 1.72% (95%CI 1.41%-2.04%, I2 = 87.4%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 42) increase in cardiovascular mortality and a 2.05% (95%CI 1.52%-2.59%, I2 = 78.5%, Eggers' test p < 0.01, N = 38) increase in respiratory mortality. In the sensitivity analysis, the meta-estimates for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality were nearly identical. The heterogeneity would decline to varying degrees through regional and study-design stratification. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of an association between short-term exposure to NO2, a proxy for traffic-sourced air pollutants, and all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Wang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haomin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shiwen Huang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yaoyao Qian
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Stafoggia M, Bellander T. Short-term effects of air pollutants on daily mortality in the Stockholm county - A spatiotemporal analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109854. [PMID: 32798957 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to air pollutants has been extensively related to daily mortality, however most of the evidence comes from studies conducted in major cities, and little is known on the extent of the spatial heterogeneity in the effects within areas including both urban and non-urban settings. We aimed to investigate the short-term association of air pollutants with daily cause-specific mortality in the Stockholm county, and to test whether an association exists also outside the metropolitan area. We used a spatiotemporal random forest model to predict daily concentrations of fine and inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) at 1-km spatial resolution over Sweden for 2005-2016. We collected data on daily mortality for each small area for market statistics (SAMS) of the Stockholm county, to which we matched daily exposures to air pollutants and air temperature. We applied a case-crossover design to investigate the short-term association between the four pollutants and mortality from non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory causes. We compared the associations in and out the Stockholm urban area, by SAMS population density and across the 26 municipalities of the county. We found weak effects of most air pollutants on cause-specific mortality in the full year analysis, with estimates much larger and significant only during the warmer months (April to September): non-accidental mortality increased by 4.58% (95% confidence interval - 95% CI: 0.89%, 8.41%) and by 2.21% (95% CI: 0.71%, 3.73%) per 10 μg/m3 increase in lag 0-1 PM2.5 and O3, respectively. Associations were in general higher in the Stockholm city and in SAMS with high population density. When comparing the 26 municipalities, we didn't detect a significant heterogeneity in the short-term associations with air pollutants. In conclusion, we found a suggestion of a harmful role of air pollution also in non-urban areas, but the study was underpowered to draw firm conclusions. We consider this study as a pilot to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of the association between daily air pollution and mortality at the national level in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute for Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chen H, Burnett RT, Bai L, Kwong JC, Crouse DL, Lavigne E, Goldberg MS, Copes R, Benmarhnia T, Ilango SD, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Hystad P. Residential Greenness and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence, Readmission, and Mortality. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:87005. [PMID: 32840393 PMCID: PMC7446772 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in greener areas of cities was linked to increased physical activity levels, improved mental well-being, and lowered harmful environmental exposures, all of which may affect human health. However, whether living in greener areas may be associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease incidence, progression, and premature mortality is unclear. OBJECTIVES We conducted a cohort study to examine the associations between residential green spaces and the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure (HF), post-AMI and HF hospital readmissions, and mortality. METHODS We simultaneously followed four large population-based cohorts in Ontario, Canada, including the entire adult population, adults free of AMI and HF, and survivors of AMI or HF from 2000 to 2014. We estimated residential exposure to green spaces using satellite-derived observations and ascertained health outcomes using validated disease registries. We estimated the associations using spatial random-effects Cox proportional hazards models. We conducted various sensitivity analyses, including further adjusting for property values and performing exploratory mediation analysis. RESULTS Each interquartile range increase in residential greenness was associated with a 7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 4%, 9%] decrease in incident AMI and a 6% (95% CI: 4%, 7%) decrease in incident HF. Residential greenness was linked to a ∼10% decrease in cardiovascular mortality in both adults free of AMI and HF and the entire adult population. These associations remained consistent in sensitivity analyses and were accentuated among younger adults. Additionally, we estimated that the decreases in AMI and HF incidence associated with residential greenness explained ∼53% of the protective association between residential greenness and cardiovascular mortality. Conversely, residential greenness was not associated with any delay in readmission or mortality among AMI and HF patients. CONCLUSIONS Living in urban areas with more green spaces was associated with improved cardiovascular health in people free of AMI and HF but not among individuals who have already developed these conditions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6161.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard T. Burnett
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Li Bai
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey C. Kwong
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dan L. Crouse
- Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
- New Brunswick Institute for Research, Data, and Training, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Eric Lavigne
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ray Copes
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sindana D. Ilango
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Randall V. Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Perry Hystad
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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de Aguiar Pontes Pamplona Y, Arbex MA, Braga ALF, Pereira LAA, Martins LC. Relationship between air pollution and hospitalizations for congestive heart failure in elderly people in the city of São Paulo. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18208-18220. [PMID: 32172424 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of air pollutants on hospitalizations of elderly people for congestive heart failure (CHF) in the city of São Paulo, stratified by sex, exploring lag structures, from 2000 to 2013. Ecological time series study using information on hospitalization of elderly patients for CHF (ICD-10th: I50) obtained from DATASUS for the city of São Paulo. Information on O3, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, temperature and humidity was obtained from CETESB. Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation, and generalized linear Poisson regression model were applied to estimate the effects of pollutants. The interquartile variations of O3 (52.45 μg/m3), PM10 (24.28 μg/m3), NO2 (7.63 μg/m3), SO2 (50.22 μg/m3), and CO (1.28 ppm) were associated with increased hospitalizations for CHF. Air pollutants continue to be a factor that contributes to the increase in the number of hospitalizations due to CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Abdo Arbex
- Centro Universitário de Araraquara- UNIARA, Araraquara, SP, 14801-320, Brazil
| | - Alfésio Luís Ferreira Braga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, 11045-003, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Amador Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, 11045-003, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Conceição Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Católica de Santos, Santos, SP, 11045-003, Brazil
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Atmospheric Pollution and Hospitalization for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases in the City of Manaus from 2008 to 2012. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:8458359. [PMID: 32308570 PMCID: PMC7152981 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8458359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To relate the levels of air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in the city of Manaus in Brazil from 2008 to 2012. Method This is an ecological time-series study among children (under 5 years of age) and elderly (above 60 years of age). Data on the daily number of hospitalizations for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, pollutants (PM2.5), temperature, and humidity were used. Poisson generalized additive models were used to estimate the association between variables. Increases in hospitalizations for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were estimated for the interquartile range (IQR) daily mean level of each variable studied, with a confidence interval of 95%. Results Respiratory diseases and children: −0.40% (95% CI: −1.11, 0.30), 0.59% (95% CI: −0.35, 1.52), and 0.47% (95% CI: −3.28, 4.21) for PM2.5, temperature, and humidity, respectively. Respiratory diseases and elderly: 0.19% (95% CI: −0.93, 1.31), −0.10% (95% CI: −1.85, 1.65), and −6.17% (95% CI: −13.08, 0.74) for PM2.5, temperature, and humidity, respectively. Cardiovascular diseases and elderly: −0.18% (95% CI: −0.86, 0.50), −0.04% (95% CI: −1.10, 1.03), and −3.37% (95% CI: −7.59, 0.85) for PM2.5, temperature, and humidity, respectively. Conclusions The time-series study found no significant association between PM2.5, temperature, humidity, and hospitalization, unlike the evidences provided by the present academic literature. Since there is no air quality monitoring network in Manaus and the option available in the present study was to reproduce some information obtained from remote sensing, there is a need for implementation of ground monitoring stations for health and environmental studies in the region.
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The Washington State Environmental Health Disparities Map: Development of a Community-Responsive Cumulative Impacts Assessment Tool. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224470. [PMID: 31766307 PMCID: PMC6888266 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Communities across Washington State have expressed the need for neighborhood-level information on the cumulative impact of environmental hazards and social conditions to illuminate disparities and address environmental justice issues. Many existing mapping tools have not explicitly integrated community voice and lived experience as an integral part of their development. The goals of this project were to create a new community–academic–government partnership to collect and summarize community concerns and to develop a publicly available mapping tool that ranks relative environmental health disparities for populations across Washington State. Using a community-driven framework, we developed the Washington Environmental Health Disparities Map, a cumulative environmental health impacts assessment tool. Nineteen regularly updated environmental and population indicators were integrated into the geospatial tool that allows for comparisons of the cumulative impacts between census tracts. This interactive map provides critical information for the public, agencies, policymakers, and community-based organizations to make informed decisions. The unique community–academic–government partnership and the community-driven framework can be used as a template for other environmental and social justice mapping endeavors.
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Jafari AJ, Faridi S, Momeniha F. Temporal variations of atmospheric benzene and its health effects in Tehran megacity (2010-2013). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17214-17223. [PMID: 31012075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main aims of the present research were (1) investigation of the temporal trends of atmospheric benzene concentrations in Tehran city during the period 2010 to 2013 and (2) assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of inhalation exposure to benzene. For the first objective, the data of ambient air benzene concentrations were derived from 15 air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) in Tehran during the years 2010 to 2013 and they were temporally investigated after data cleaning and missing data imputation. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and hazard quotient (HQ) were estimated to reveal the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects of exposure to ambient benzene. Our findings indicated that over 2010-2013, annual mean concentrations of benzene were in the range of 1.84 to 2.57 μg m-3, and the highest annual mean concentration was observed in 2011 with a mean of 2.57 μg m-3. The four-year average concentration of benzene during the period from 2010 to 2013 was 2.14 μg m-3. Furthermore, the HQ for inhalation exposure to ambient benzene was lower than the acceptable risk level (HQ < 1) over the study time period which indicated that the non-carcinogenic effects are very unlikely to happen. In addition, health risk assessment for ELCR showed that the potential cancer risk for inhalation exposure to benzene was 1.67 × 10-5 over the study period, which is significantly higher than the limits recommended by the U.S. EPA (1 × 10-6). Our study clearly proves that the ambient benzene concentration in Tehran has substantially higher carcinogenic effects on the population. Appropriate sustainable control measures should be taken to reduce air benzene concentration and protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Faridi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Momeniha
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Warburton DER, Bredin SSD, Shellington EM, Cole C, de Faye A, Harris J, Kim DD, Abelsohn A. A Systematic Review of the Short-Term Health Effects of Air Pollution in Persons Living with Coronary Heart Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E274. [PMID: 30813506 PMCID: PMC6406357 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Persons living with chronic medical conditions (such as coronary artery disease (CAD)) are thought to be at increased risk when exposed to air pollution. This systematic review critically evaluated the short-term health effects of air pollution in persons living with CAD. Original research articles were retrieved systematically through searching electronic databases (e.g., Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE)), cross-referencing, and the authors' knowledge. From 2884 individual citations, 26 eligible articles were identified. The majority of the investigations (18 of 22 (82%)) revealed a negative relationship between air pollutants and cardiac function or overall health. Heart rate variability (HRV) was the primary cardiovascular outcome measure, with 10 out of 13 studies reporting at least one index of HRV being significantly affected by air pollutants. However, there was some inconsistency in the relationship between HRV and air pollutants, mediated (at least in part) by the confounding effects of beta-blocker medications. In conclusion, there is strong evidence that air pollution can have adverse effects on cardiovascular function in persons living with CAD. All persons living with CAD should be educated on how to monitor air quality, should recognize the potential risks of excessive exposure to air pollution, and be aware of strategies to mitigate these risks. Persons living with CAD should minimize their exposure to air pollution by limiting outdoor physical activity participation when the forecast air quality health index indicates increased air pollution (i.e., an increased risk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren E R Warburton
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Shannon S D Bredin
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Laboratory for Knowledge Mobilization, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Erin M Shellington
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Laboratory for Knowledge Mobilization, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Christie Cole
- Department of Heart Wise Exercise, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada.
| | - Amanda de Faye
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Laboratory for Knowledge Mobilization, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Harris
- Department of Heart Wise Exercise, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada.
| | - David D Kim
- Physical Activity Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Laboratory for Knowledge Mobilization, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Alan Abelsohn
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
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15
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Ward-Caviness CK, Breitner S, Wolf K, Cyrys J, Kastenmüller G, Wang-Sattler R, Schneider A, Peters A. Short-term NO2 exposure is associated with long-chain fatty acids in prospective cohorts from Augsburg, Germany: results from an analysis of 138 metabolites and three exposures. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1528-1538. [PMID: 27892410 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to air pollution is associated with morbidity and mortality. Metabolites are intermediaries in biochemical processes, and associations between air pollution and metabolites can yield unique mechanistic insights. METHODS We used independent cross-sectional samples with targeted metabolomics (138 metabolites across five metabolite classes) from three cohort studies, each a part of the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA). The KORA cohorts are numbered (1 to 4) according to which survey they belong to, and lettered S or F according to whether the survey was a baseline or follow-up survey. KORA F4 (N = 3044) served as our discovery cohort, with KORA S4 (N = 485) serving as the primary replication cohort. KORA F4 and KORA S4 were primarily fasting cohorts. We used the non-fasting KORA F3 (N = 377) cohort to evaluate replicated associations in non-fasting individuals, and we performed a random effects meta-analysis of all three cohorts. Associations between the 0-4-day lags and the 5-day average of particulate matter (PM)2.5, NO2 and ozone were modelled via generalized additive models. All air pollution exposures were scaled to the interquartile range, and effect estimates presented as percent changes relative to the geometric mean of the metabolite concentration (ΔGM). RESULTS There were 10 discovery cohort associations, of which seven were lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs); NO2 was the most ubiquitous exposure (5/10). The 5-day average NO2-LPC(28:0) association was associated at a Bonferroni corrected P-value threshold (P < 1.2x10-4) in KORA F4 [ΔGM = 11.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.60, 16.3], and replicated (P < 0.05) in KORA S4 (ΔGM = 21.0%; CI = 4.56, 37.5). This association was not observed in the non-fasting KORA F3 cohort (ΔGM = -5.96%; CI = -26.3, 14.3), but remained in the random effects meta-analysis (ΔGM = 10.6%; CI = 0.16, 21). CONCLUSIONS LPCs are associated with short-term exposure to air pollutants, in particular NO2 Further research is needed to understand the effect of nutritional/fasting status on these associations and the causal mechanisms linking air pollution exposure and metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Institute of Epidemiology II.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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Chen H, Burnett RT, Copes R, Kwong JC, Villeneuve PJ, Goldberg MS, Brook RD, van Donkelaar A, Jerrett M, Martin RV, Brook JR, Kopp A, Tu JV. Ambient Fine Particulate Matter and Mortality among Survivors of Myocardial Infarction: Population-Based Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1421-8. [PMID: 27152932 PMCID: PMC5010396 DOI: 10.1289/ehp185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are at increased risk of dying within several hours to days following exposure to elevated levels of ambient air pollution. Little is known, however, about the influence of long-term (months to years) air pollution exposure on survival after AMI. OBJECTIVE We conducted a population-based cohort study to determine the impact of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) on post-AMI survival. METHODS We assembled a cohort of 8,873 AMI patients who were admitted to 1 of 86 hospital corporations across Ontario, Canada in 1999-2001. Mortality follow-up for this cohort extended through 2011. Cumulative time-weighted exposures to PM2.5 were derived from satellite observations based on participants' annual residences during follow-up. We used standard and multilevel spatial random-effects Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Between 1999 and 2011, we identified 4,016 nonaccidental deaths, of which 2,147 were from any cardiovascular disease, 1,650 from ischemic heart disease, and 675 from AMI. For each 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR10) of nonaccidental mortality was 1.22 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.45]. The association with PM2.5 was robust to sensitivity analyses and appeared stronger for cardiovascular-related mortality: ischemic heart (HR10 = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.83) and AMI (HR10 = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.40). We estimated that 12.4% of nonaccidental deaths (or 497 deaths) could have been averted if the lowest measured concentration in an urban area (4 μg/m3) had been achieved at all locations over the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS Long-term air pollution exposure adversely affects the survival of AMI patients. CITATION Chen H, Burnett RT, Copes R, Kwong JC, Villeneuve PJ, Goldberg MS, Brook RD, van Donkelaar A, Jerrett M, Martin RV, Brook JR, Kopp A, Tu JV. 2016. Ambient fine particulate matter and mortality among survivors of myocardial infarction: population-based cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1421-1428; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Address correspondence to H. Chen, Public Health Ontario, 480 University Ave., Suite 300, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2 Canada. Telephone: (647) 260-7109. E-mail:
| | | | - Ray Copes
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey C. Kwong
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J. Villeneuve
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert D. Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michael Jerrett
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Randall V. Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Brook
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Kopp
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack V. Tu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cai X, Li Z, Scott EM, Li X, Tang M. Short-term effects of atmospheric particulate matter on myocardial infarction: a cumulative meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6139-6148. [PMID: 26846245 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is hypothesized to increase the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). However, the epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. We identified 33 studies with more than 4 million MI patients and applied meta-analysis and meta-regression to assess the available evidence. Twenty-five studies presented the effects of the PM level on hospitalization for MI patients, while eight studies showed the effects on mortality. An increase in PM10 was associated with hospitalization and mortality in myocardial infarction patients (RR per 10 μg/m(3) = 1.011, 95% CI 1.006-1.016; RR per 10 μg/m(3) = 1.008, 95 % CI 1.004-1.012, respectively); PM2.5 also increased the risk of hospitalization and mortality in MI patients (RR per 10 μg/m(3) = 1.024, 95% CI 1.007-1.041 for hospitalization and RR per 10 μg/m(3) = 1.012, 95% CI 1.010-1.015 for mortality). The results of the cumulative meta-analysis indicated that PM10 and PM2.5 were associated with myocardial infarction with the addition of new studies each year. In conclusion, short-term exposure to high PM10 and PM2.5 levels revealed to increase risk of hospitalization and mortality for myocardial infarction. Policy support of pollution control and individual protection was strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlei Cai
- Institute of Environment Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhong Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - E Marian Scott
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Xiuyang Li
- Institute of Environment Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengyao Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Lanzinger S, Schneider A, Breitner S, Stafoggia M, Erzen I, Dostal M, Pastorkova A, Bastian S, Cyrys J, Zscheppang A, Kolodnitska T, Peters A. Associations between ultrafine and fine particles and mortality in five central European cities - Results from the UFIREG study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 88:44-52. [PMID: 26708280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on health effects of ultrafine particles (UFP) is still limited as they are usually not monitored routinely. The few epidemiological studies on UFP and (cause-specific) mortality so far have reported inconsistent results. OBJECTIVES The main objective of the UFIREG project was to investigate the short-term associations between UFP and fine particulate matter (PM)<2.5μm (PM2.5) and daily (cause-specific) mortality in five European Cities. We also examined the effects of PM<10μm (PM10) and coarse particles (PM2.5-10). METHODS UFP (20-100nm), PM and meteorological data were measured in Dresden and Augsburg (Germany), Prague (Czech Republic), Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Chernivtsi (Ukraine). Daily counts of natural and cardio-respiratory mortality were collected for all five cities. Depending on data availability, the following study periods were chosen: Augsburg and Dresden 2011-2012, Ljubljana and Prague 2012-2013, Chernivtsi 2013-March 2014. The associations between air pollutants and health outcomes were assessed using confounder-adjusted Poisson regression models examining single (lag 0-lag 5) and cumulative lags (lag 0-1, lag 2-5, and lag 0-5). City-specific estimates were pooled using meta-analyses methods. RESULTS Results indicated a delayed and prolonged association between UFP and respiratory mortality (9.9% [95%-confidence interval: -6.3%; 28.8%] increase in association with a 6-day average increase of 2750particles/cm(3) (average interquartile range across all cities)). Cardiovascular mortality increased by 3.0% [-2.7%; 9.1%] and 4.1% [0.4%; 8.0%] in association with a 12.4μg/m(3) and 4.7μg/m(3) increase in the PM2.5- and PM2.5-10-averages of lag 2-5. CONCLUSIONS We observed positive but not statistically significant associations between prolonged exposures to UFP and respiratory mortality, which were independent of particle mass exposures. Further multi-centre studies are needed investigating several years to produce more precise estimates on health effects of UFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Lanzinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Erzen
- National Institute of Public Health Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miroslav Dostal
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Pastorkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josef Cyrys
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany; Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Anja Zscheppang
- Research Association Public Health Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tetiana Kolodnitska
- L.I. Medved's Research Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety, Ministry of Health, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Annette Peters
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
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Woodward N, Levine M. Minimizing Air Pollution Exposure: A Practical Policy to Protect Vulnerable Older Adults from Death and Disability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY 2016; 56:49-55. [PMID: 26640413 PMCID: PMC4667368 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution causes an estimated 200,000 deaths per year in the United States alone. Older adults are at greater risk of mortality caused by air pollution. Here we quantify the number of older adult facilities in Los Angeles County that are exposed to high levels of traffic derived air pollution, and propose policy solutions to reduce pollution exposure to this vulnerable subgroup. Distances between 20,362 intersections and 858 elder care facilities were estimated, and roads or highways within 500 of facilities were used to estimate traffic volume exposure. Of the 858 facilities, 54 were located near at least one major roadway, defined as a traffic volume over 100,000 cars/day. These 54 facilities house approximately 6,000 older adults. Following standards established for schools, we recommend legislation mandating the placement of new elder care facilities a minimum of 500 feet from major roadways in order to reduce unnecessary mortality risk from pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Woodward
- University of Southern California, Davis School of Gerontology. McClintock ave 3715, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Morgan Levine
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Human Genetics. 695 Charles E Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095
- University of California Los Angeles, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics. 695 Charles E Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Rückerl R, Hampel R, Breitner S, Cyrys J, Kraus U, Carter J, Dailey L, Devlin RB, Diaz-Sanchez D, Koenig W, Phipps R, Silbajoris R, Soentgen J, Soukup J, Peters A, Schneider A. Associations between ambient air pollution and blood markers of inflammation and coagulation/fibrinolysis in susceptible populations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 70:32-49. [PMID: 24907704 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological pathways linking particulate air pollution to cardiovascular disease are still not fully understood. We examined the association between ambient air pollutants and blood markers of inflammation and coagulation/fibrinolysis in three potentially susceptible populations. Three panels of non-smoking individuals were examined between 3/2007 and 12/2008: 1) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D, n=83), 2) with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n=104), and 3) with a potential genetic predisposition which could affect detoxifying and inflammatory pathways (n=87) defined by the null polymorphism for glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) in combination with a certain single nucleotide polymorphism on the C-reactive protein (CRP) or the fibrinogen gene. Study participants had blood drawn up to seven times every four to six weeks. In total, 1765 blood samples were analysed for CRP, interleukin (IL)-6, soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), fibrinogen, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Hourly mean values of particulate air pollutants, particle number concentrations in different size ranges and gaseous pollutants were collected at fixed monitoring sites and individual 24hour averages calculated. Associations between air pollutants and blood markers were analysed for each panel separately and taking the T2D panel and the IGT panel together, using additive mixed models adjusted for long-term time trend and meteorology. For the panel with potential genetic susceptibility, CRP and MPO increased for most lags, especially with the 5-day average exposure (% change of geometric mean and 95% confidence interval: 22.9% [12.0;34.7] for CRP and 5.0% [0.3;9.9] for MPO per interquartile range of PM2.5). Small positive associations were seen for fibrinogen while sCD40L, PAI-1 and IL-6 mostly decreased in association with air pollution concentrations. Except for positive associations for fibrinogen we did not see significant results with the two other panels. Participants with potential genetic susceptibility showed a clear association between inflammatory blood biomarkers and ambient air pollutants. Our results support the hypothesis that air pollution increases systemic inflammation especially in susceptible populations which may aggravate atherosclerotic diseases and induce multi-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Rückerl
- ESC-Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 2, 86135 Augsburg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Regina Hampel
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Josef Cyrys
- ESC-Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 2, 86135 Augsburg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Ute Kraus
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Jackie Carter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Lisa Dailey
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Robert B Devlin
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Centre, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Richard Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Robert Silbajoris
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Jens Soentgen
- ESC-Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 2, 86135 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Joleen Soukup
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Bell ML, Zanobetti A, Dominici F. Who is more affected by ozone pollution? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 180:15-28. [PMID: 24872350 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone is associated with adverse health; however, less is known about vulnerable/sensitive populations, which we refer to as sensitive populations. We systematically reviewed epidemiologic evidence (1988-2013) regarding sensitivity to mortality or hospital admission from short-term ozone exposure. We performed meta-analysis for overall associations by age and sex; assessed publication bias; and qualitatively assessed sensitivity to socioeconomic indicators, race/ethnicity, and air conditioning. The search identified 2,091 unique papers, with 167 meeting inclusion criteria (73 on mortality and 96 on hospitalizations and emergency department visits, including 2 examining both mortality and hospitalizations). The strongest evidence for ozone sensitivity was for age. Per 10-parts per billion increase in daily 8-hour ozone concentration, mortality risk for younger persons, at 0.60% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40, 0.80), was statistically lower than that for older persons, at 1.27% (95% CI: 0.76, 1.78). Findings adjusted for publication bias were similar. Limited/suggestive evidence was found for higher associations among women; mortality risks were 0.39% (95% CI: -0.22, 1.00) higher than those for men. We identified strong evidence for higher associations with unemployment or lower occupational status and weak evidence of sensitivity for racial/ethnic minorities and persons with low education, in poverty, or without central air conditioning. Findings show that some populations, especially the elderly, are particularly sensitive to short-term ozone exposure.
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Weichenthal S, Farrell W, Goldberg M, Joseph L, Hatzopoulou M. Characterizing the impact of traffic and the built environment on near-road ultrafine particle and black carbon concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 132:305-10. [PMID: 24834826 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that ultrafine particles (UFPs) may contribute to cardiorespiratory morbidity. We examined the relationship between near road UFPs and several traffic and built environment factors to identify predictors that may be used to estimate exposures in population-based studies. Black carbon (BC) was also examined. METHODS Data were collected on up to 6 occasions at 73 sites in Montreal, Canada over 6-week period during summer, 2012. After excluding highly correlated variables, road width, truck ratio (trucks/total traffic), building height, land zoning parameters, and meteorological factors were evaluated. Random-effect models were used to estimate percent changes in UFP and BC concentrations with interquartile changes in each candidate predictor adjusted for meteorological factors. RESULTS Mean pollutant concentrations varied substantially across sites (UFP range: 1977-94, 798 particles/cm(3); BC range: 29-9460 ng/m(3)). After adjusting for meteorology, interquartile increases in road width (14%, 95% CI: 0, 30), building height (13%, 95% CI: 5, 22), and truck ratio (13%, 95% CI: 3, 23) were the most important predictors of mean UFP concentrations. Road width (28%, 95% CI: 9, 51) and industrial zoning (18%, 95% CI: 2, 37) were the strongest predictors of maximum UFP concentrations. Industrial zoning (35%, 95% CI: 9, 67) was the strongest predictor of BC. CONCLUSIONS A number of traffic and built environmental factors were identified as important predictors of near road UFP and BC concentrations. Exposure models incorporating these factors may be useful in evaluating the health effects of traffic related air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Weichenthal
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave West, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9.
| | - William Farrell
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0C3.
| | - Mark Goldberg
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1.
| | - Lawrence Joseph
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1.
| | - Marianne Hatzopoulou
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0C3.
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Myers V, Broday DM, Steinberg DM, Yuval, Drory Y, Gerber Y. Exposure to particulate air pollution and long-term incidence of frailty after myocardial infarction. Ann Epidemiol 2013; 23:395-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Szema AM. Occupational Lung Diseases among Soldiers Deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 1. [PMID: 24443711 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6879.1000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan, from 2004 to the present, has served in a setting of unique environmental conditions. Among these are exposures to burning trash in open air "burn pits" lit on fire with jet fuel JP-8. Depending on trash burned--water bottles, styrofoam trays, medical waste, unexploded munitions, and computers--toxins may be released such as dioxins and n-hexane and benzene. Particulate matter air pollution culminates from these fires and fumes. Additional environmental exposures entail sandstorms (Haboob, Shamal, and Sharqi) which differ in direction and relationship to rain. These wars saw the first use of improvised explosive devices (roadside phosphate bombs),as well as vehicle improvised explosive devices (car bombs), which not only potentially aerosolize metals, but also create shock waves to induce lung injury via blast overpressure. Conventional mortar rounds are also used by Al Qaeda in both Iraq and Afghanistan. Outdoor aeroallergens from date palm trees are prevalent in southern Iraq by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, while indoor aeroallergen aspergillus predominates during the rainy season. High altitude lung disease may also compound the problem, particularly in Kandahar, Afghanistan. Clinically, soldiers may present with new-onset asthma or fixed airway obstruction. Some have constrictive bronchiolitis and vascular remodeling on open lung biopsy - despite having normal spirometry and chest xrays and CT scans of the chest. Others have been found to have titanium and other metals in the lung (rare in nature). Still others have fulminant biopsy-proven sarcoidiosis. We found DNA probe-positive Mycobacterium Avium Complex in lung from a soldier who had pneumonia, while serving near stagnant water and camels and goats outside Abu Gharib. This review highlights potential exposures, clinical syndromes, and the Denver Working Group recommendations on post-deployment health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Szema
- New York State Center for Biotechnology Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA ; Chief, Allergy Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, 11768, USA
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Short-term impact of ambient air pollution and air temperature on blood pressure among pregnant women. Epidemiology 2012; 22:671-9. [PMID: 21730862 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0b013e318226e8d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have reported inconsistent findings for the association between air pollution levels and blood pressure (BP), which has been studied mainly in elderly subjects. Short-term air pollution effects on BP have not been investigated in pregnant women, who may constitute a vulnerable population. METHODS Between 2002 and 2006, 1500 pregnant women from a mother-child cohort study conducted in Nancy and Poitiers, France, underwent 11,220 repeated BP measurements (average, 7.5 measurements/woman). Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 μm (PM₁₀), and meteorologic variables were measured on an hourly basis at permanent monitoring sites. We studied changes of BP in relation to short-term variations of air pollution and temperature with mixed models adjusted for meteorologic and personal characteristics. RESULTS A 10°C decrease in temperature led to an increase in systolic BP of 0.5% (95% confidence interval = 0.1% to 1.0%). Elevated NO₂-levels 1 day, 5 days and averaged over 7 days before the BP measurement were associated with reduced systolic BP. The strongest decrease was observed for the 7-day NO₂ average (-0.4% [-0.7% to -0.2%] change for an 11 μg/m³ increase in NO₂). PM₁₀ effects on systolic BP differed according to pregnancy trimester: PM₁₀ concentration was associated with systolic BP increases during the first trimester and systolic BP decreases later in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS We observed short-term associations of air pollution and of temperature with BP in pregnant women. Whether such changes in BP have clinical implications remains to be investigated.
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Murray CJ, Lipfert FW. A new time-series methodology for estimating relationships between elderly frailty, remaining life expectancy, and ambient air quality. Inhal Toxicol 2012; 24:89-98. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.638947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rückerl R, Schneider A, Breitner S, Cyrys J, Peters A. Health effects of particulate air pollution: A review of epidemiological evidence. Inhal Toxicol 2012; 23:555-92. [PMID: 21864219 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.593587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Rückerl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Kraus U, Breitner S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Cyrys J, Lanki T, Rückerl R, Schneider A, Brüske I, Gu J, Devlin R, Wichmann HE, Zimmermann R, Peters A. Particle-associated organic compounds and symptoms in myocardial infarction survivors. Inhal Toxicol 2011; 23:431-47. [PMID: 21639711 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.580471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The aerosol components responsible for the adverse health effects of the exposure to particulate matter (PM) have not been conclusively identified, and there is especially little information on the role of particulate organic compounds (POC). OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the role of PM and POC with regard to daily symptoms. METHODS One hundred and fifty-three myocardial infarction survivors from Augsburg, Germany, recorded daily occurrence of different symptoms in winter 2003/2004. Ambient concentrations of PM with a diameter <2.5 μm (PM(2.5)), particle number concentration (PNC), PM(2.5)-bound hopanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were quantified. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations adjusting for meteorological and other time-variant confounders. RESULTS The odds for avoidance of physically demanding activities due to heart problems increased immediately associated with most POC measures (e.g. 5% per 1.08 ng/m(3) increase in benzo[a]pyrene, 95%-confidence interval (CI):1-9%) and tended to a delayed decrease. After a 2-day delayed decrease associated with hopanes, the odds for shortness of breath increased consistently after 3 days with almost all POC measures (e.g. 4% per 0.21 ng/m(3) increase in 17α(H), 21β(H)-hopane, CI: 1-8%). The odds for heart palpitations marginally increased immediately in association with PNC (8% per 8146 cm(-3) increase in PNC, CI: 0-16%). CONCLUSIONS The study showed an association between PM, particle-bound POC, and daily symptoms. The organic compounds may be causally related with cardiovascular health or act rather as indicators for traffic- and combustion-related particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Kraus
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Toledo GIFMD, Nardocci AC. Poluição veicular e saúde da população: uma revisão sobre o município de São Paulo (SP), Brasil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2011; 14:445-54. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-790x2011000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: A poluição do ar é um problema importante para o município de São Paulo, cuja maior fonte são os veículos. Cerca de 11 milhões de habitantes estão expostos a essa poluição. OBJETIVO: Analisar os estudos realizados sobre a poluição do ar e seus efeitos na saúde da população do município de São Paulo e sobre métodos de avaliação da exposição à poluição relacionada ao tráfego. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico com os descritores "air pollution", "São Paulo" e "traffic-related air pollution". RESULTADOS: Foram obtidos vários estudos que verificaram relações entre a poluição do ar no município de São Paulo e problemas respiratórios e cardiovasculares, crescimento fetal, aumento na mortalidade e hospitalizações, particularmente em idosos e crianças. Para estimativa da exposição, a maioria destes estudos considera a distribuição isotrópica dos poluentes para toda a área, o que impede a avaliação da influência do tráfego. Vários métodos têm sido utilizados para avaliação da exposição da população à poluição relacionada ao tráfego, os quais podem ser utilizados isoladamente ou em conjunto. Acredita-se que a associação de modelos para cálculo das concentrações de poluentes a métodos de georreferenciamento seja a abordagem adequada para o município de São Paulo. As vantagens do uso destes métodos são a capacidade de identificar situações e áreas prioritárias, obtenção de informações detalhadas para adoção de medidas ou políticas públicas e a simulação de diferentes cenários. CONCLUSÃO: A aplicação destes métodos, em estudos no município de São Paulo, depende da melhoria dos dados de entrada dos modelos, o aprimoramento da rede de monitoramento do ar e de condições meteorológicas e dados do volume de tráfego.
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Olmo NRS, Saldiva PHDN, Braga ALF, Lin CA, Santos UDP, Pereira LAA. A review of low-level air pollution and adverse effects on human health: implications for epidemiological studies and public policy. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:681-90. [PMID: 21655765 PMCID: PMC3093800 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to review original scientific articles describing the relationship between atmospheric pollution and damage to human health. We also aimed to determine which of these studies mentioned public policy issues. Original articles relating to atmospheric pollution and human health published between 1995 and 2009 were retrieved from the PubMed database and analyzed. This study included only articles dealing with atmospheric pollutants resulting primarily from vehicle emissions. Three researchers were involved in the final selection of the studies, and the chosen articles were approved by at least two of the three researchers. Of the 84 non-Brazilian studies analyzed, 80 showed an association between atmospheric pollution and adverse effects on human health. Moreover, 66 showed evidence of adverse effects on human health, even at levels below the permitted emission standards. Three studies mentioned public policies aimed at changing emission standards. Similarly, the 29 selected Brazilian studies reported adverse associations with human health, and 27 showed evidence of adverse effects even at levels below the legally permitted emission standards. Of these studies, 16 mentioned public policies aimed at changing emission standards. Based on the Brazilian and non-Brazilian scientific studies that have been conducted, it can be concluded that, even under conditions that are compliant with Brazilian air quality standards, the concentration of atmospheric pollutants in Brazil can negatively affect human health. However, as little discussion of this topic has been generated, this finding demonstrates the need to incorporate epidemiological evidence into decisions regarding legal regulations and to discuss the public policy implications in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neide Regina Simoes Olmo
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hampel R, Schneider A, Brüske I, Zareba W, Cyrys J, Rückerl R, Breitner S, Korb H, Sunyer J, Wichmann HE, Peters A. Altered cardiac repolarization in association with air pollution and air temperature among myocardial infarction survivors. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:1755-61. [PMID: 20846924 PMCID: PMC3002196 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1001995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown that ambient particulate matter (PM) and changes in air temperature are associated with increased cardiopulmonary events. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) experience changes in heart rate (HR) and repolarization parameters, such as Bazett-corrected QT interval (QTc), and T-wave amplitude (Tamp), in association with increases in air pollution and temperature changes. METHODS Between May 2003 and February 2004, 67 MI survivors from the Augsburg KORA-MI registry repeatedly sent 16 sec electrocardiograms (ECGs) with a personal transmitter (Viapac) via telephone to the Philips Monitoring Center, where ECG parameters were immediately analyzed. Meteorological data and air pollutants were acquired from fixed monitoring sites on an hourly basis. Additive mixed models were used for analysis. Effect modification by patient characteristics was investigated. RESULTS The analysis of the 1,745 ECGs revealed an increased HR associated with interquartile range (IQR) increases in PM levels among participants not using beta-adrenergic receptor blockers and among those with body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m². We observed a 24- to 47-hr lagged QTc prolongation [0.5% change (95% confidence interval, 0.0-1.0%)] in association with IQR increases in levels of PM ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter, especially in patients with one [0.6% (0.1-1.0%)] or two [1.2% (0.4-2.1%)] minor alleles of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2) single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2364725. Positive immediate (0-23 hr) and inverse delayed (48-71 hr up to 96-119 hr) associations were evident between PM and Tamp. We detected an inverse U-shaped association between temperature and Tamp, with a maximum Tamp at 5°C. CONCLUSIONS Increased air pollution levels and temperature changes may lead to changes in HR and repolarization parameters that may be precursors of cardiac problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Hampel
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Ultrastructural changes in atherosclerotic plaques following the instillation of airborne particulate matter into the lungs of rabbits. Can J Cardiol 2010; 26:e258-69. [PMID: 20847974 DOI: 10.1016/s0828-282x(10)70422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have established that cardiovascular events account for the greatest number of air pollution-related deaths. However, the underlying structural changes are still unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in the ultrastructure of atherosclerotic plaques in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits following the instillation of ambient particulate matter air pollution (particles smaller than 10 µm in diameter) into the lungs. METHODS WHHL rabbits (n=8) exposed to 5 mg of ambient particles (Environmental Health Centre - 1993 [EHC-93]; suspended in saline and instilled in the airway) twice per week for four weeks were compared with control WHHL rabbits (n=8) treated with saline alone. RESULTS All abdominal aortic plaques were examined using light and electron microscopy, which showed the following: increased accumulation of macrophage-derived foam cells immediately below the endothelial plaque surface (P=0.04); increased contact between these foam cells and the dense subendothelial extracellular matrix (P<0.005) with reduction (P<0.0001) and fragmentation (P<0.0001) of this matrix; and emigration of macrophage- derived foam cells from the plaques in exposed rabbits. In addition, immunohistochemistry verified the presence of type IV collagen in the thickened extracellular matrix material subtending the endothelium. CONCLUSIONS The ultrastructure of atherosclerotic plaques in EHC-93- instilled rabbits differed from the ultrastructure observed in rabbits that did not receive EHC-93. These ultrastructural differences are consistent with greater endothelial instability in the plaques of atherosclerosis-prone rabbits.
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Gerber Y, Myers V, Broday DM, Koton S, Steinberg DM, Drory Y. Cumulative exposure to air pollution and long term outcomes after first acute myocardial infarction: a population-based cohort study. Objectives and methodology. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:369. [PMID: 20576121 PMCID: PMC2904275 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and epidemiological studies have consistently shown an increased risk for cardiovascular events in relation to exposure to air pollution. The Israel Study of First Acute Myocardial Infarction was designed to longitudinally assess clinical outcomes, psychosocial adjustment and quality of life in patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction. The current study, by introducing retrospective air pollution data, will examine the association between exposure to air pollution and outcome in myocardial infarction survivors. This report will describe the methods implemented and measures employed. The study specifically aims to examine the relationship between residential exposure to air pollution and long-term risk of recurrent coronary event, heart failure, stroke, cardiac and all-cause death in a geographically defined cohort of patients with myocardial infarction. Methods/Design All 1521 patients aged ≤65 years, admitted with first myocardial infarction between February 1992 and February 1993 to the 8 hospitals serving the population of central Israel, were followed for a median of 13 years. Data were collected on sociodemographic, clinical and environmental factors. Data from air quality monitoring stations will be incorporated retrospectively. Daily measures of air pollution will be summarised, allowing detailed maps to be developed in order to reflect chronic exposure for each participant. Discussion This study addresses some of the gaps in understanding of the prognostic importance of air pollution exposure after myocardial infarction, by allowing a sufficient follow-up period, using a well-defined community cohort, adequately controlling for multiple and multilevel confounding factors and providing extensive data on various outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yariv Gerber
- Dept, of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Air pollution exposure--a trigger for myocardial infarction? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 7:1486-99. [PMID: 20617041 PMCID: PMC2872334 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7041486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The association between ambient air pollution exposure and hospitalization for cardiovascular events has been reported in several studies with conflicting results. A case-crossover design was used to investigate the effects of air pollution in 660 first-time myocardial infarction cases in Stockholm in 1993–1994, interviewed shortly after diagnosis using a standard protocol. Air pollution data came from central urban background monitors. No associations were observed between the risk for onset of myocardial infarction and two-hour or 24-hour air pollution exposure. No evidence of susceptible subgroups was found. This study provides no support that moderately elevated air pollution levels trigger first-time myocardial infarction.
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Guarneros M, Hummel T, Martinez-Gomez M, Hudson R. Mexico City Air Pollution Adversely Affects Olfactory Function and Intranasal Trigeminal Sensitivity. Chem Senses 2009; 34:819-26. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjp071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Perepu RSP, Garcia C, Dostal D, Sethi R. Enhanced death signaling in ozone-exposed ischemic-reperfused hearts. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 336:55-64. [PMID: 19809794 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous advancements made in the field of human health have resulted in reduced deaths due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), many patients with cardiac disease show no established risk. Therefore, other unknown factors may be responsible for the pathophysiology of CVD. Out of 350,000 sudden cardiac deaths each year in the United States, 60,000 deaths have been related to air pollution, suggesting a detrimental role of environmental pollutants in the development of CVD. The present study tested our hypothesis that chronic ozone exposure enhances the sensitivity to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated perfused hearts. Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously exposed for 8 h/day for 28 and 56 days to filtered air or 0.8 ppm ozone. Isolated hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Cardiac function after I/R measured as left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), +dP/dt, -dP/dt, and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was significantly decreased and increased respectively in ozone-exposed I/R hearts compared to I/R hearts exposed to filtered air. The enhanced sensitivity to I/R injury upon ozone exposure was associated with increased myocardial TNF-alpha levels and lipid peroxidation and decreased myocardial activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and IL-10. These data suggest that ozone-induced sensitivity to myocardial I/R injury may be due to promoting levels of oxidative stress as well as inflammatory mediators.
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Relationship between 24-h air pollution, emergency department admission and diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2009; 29:381-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-009-0369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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