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Kim SY, Matsui EC, Wen W, Tse HW, Chambliss SE. Demographic and Psychosocial Characteristics, Air Pollution Exposure, and Housing Mobility of Mexican Immigrant Families. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:2970-2985. [PMID: 36512313 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People of color and lower socioeconomic status groups in the USA, including those of Mexican origin, are exposed to higher concentrations of air pollution, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Associations were examined between neighborhood air pollution levels and the psychosocial and demographic characteristics of linguistically isolated Mexican-origin immigrant families. Housing mobility and changes in air pollution levels due to changes in residence were also examined. METHODS A sample of 604 linguistically isolated Mexican-origin families in central TX provided data on demographic and psychosocial experiences. Outdoor air pollution concentrations at participants' home addresses were based on high-resolution estimates of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents. Movers were identified as families whose residential addresses changed during the study period; these participants were further grouped and compared based on the change in their residential PM2.5 concentration from before to after their move. RESULTS Lower PM2.5 concentrations were associated with reports of more ethnic discriminatory experiences, higher socioeconomic status, and higher perceived neighborhood safety. Among the 23% of families who changed residences, PM2.5 concentrations were generally lower at the new family address. Families with mothers reporting a greater sense of neighborhood safety or acculturation levels tended to move from one area low in air pollutants to another, and mothers reporting the lowest levels of neighborhood safety or acculturation tended to move from one area high in air pollutants to another. CONCLUSION There are limits to assimilation for Mexican immigrant families. Living in more advantaged neighborhoods is associated with experiencing better air quality, but this advantage may come at the cost of experiencing more ethnic discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 East Dean Keeton St., Stop A2702, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Matsui
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity St., Bldg B, Stop Z0500, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 East Dean Keeton St., Stop A2702, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hin Wing Tse
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 East Dean Keeton St., Stop A2702, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sarah E Chambliss
- Department of Statistics and Data Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St., Stop C1786, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Kuntic M, Kuntic I, Hahad O, Lelieveld J, Münzel T, Daiber A. Impact of air pollution on cardiovascular aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 214:111857. [PMID: 37611809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The world population is aging rapidly, and by some estimates, the number of people older than 60 will double in the next 30 years. With the increase in life expectancy, adverse effects of environmental exposures start playing a more prominent role in human health. Air pollution is now widely considered the most detrimental of all environmental risk factors, with some studies estimating that almost 20% of all deaths globally could be attributed to poor air quality. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and will continue to account for the most significant percentage of non-communicable disease burden. Cardiovascular aging with defined pathomechanisms is a major trigger of cardiovascular disease in old age. Effects of environmental risk factors on cardiovascular aging should be considered in order to increase the health span and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in older populations. In this review, we explore the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular aging, from the molecular mechanisms to cardiovascular manifestations of aging and, finally, the age-related cardiovascular outcomes. We also explore the distinction between the effects of air pollution on healthy aging and disease progression. Future efforts should focus on extending the health span rather than the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kuntic
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivana Kuntic
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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Sharma R, Humphrey JL, Frueh L, Kinnee EJ, Sheffield PE, Clougherty JE. Neighborhood violence and socioeconomic deprivation influence associations between acute air pollution and temperature on childhood asthma in New York city. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116235. [PMID: 37244495 PMCID: PMC10364588 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution, temperature, and social stressor exposures are linked with asthma risk, with potential synergistic effects. We examined associations for acute pollution and temperature exposures, with modification by neighborhood violent crime and socioeconomic deprivation, on asthma morbidity among children aged 5-17 years year-round in New York City. Using conditional logistic regression in a time-stratified, case-crossover design, we quantified percent excess risk of asthma event per 10-unit increase in daily, residence-specific exposures to PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3, and minimum daily temperature (Tmin). Data on 145,834 asthma cases presenting to NYC emergency departments from 2005 to 2011 were obtained from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS). Residence- and day-specific spatiotemporal exposures were assigned using the NYC Community Air Survey (NYCCAS) spatial data and daily EPA pollution and NOAA weather data. Point-level NYPD violent crime data for 2009 (study midpoint) was aggregated, and Socioeconomic Deprivation Index (SDI) scores assigned, by census tract. Separate models were fit for each pollutant or temperature exposure for lag days 0-6, controlling for co-exposures and humidity, and mutually-adjusted interactions (modification) by quintile of violent crime and SDI were assessed. We observed stronger main effects for PM2.5 and SO2 in the cold season on lag day 1 [4.90% (95% CI: 3.77-6.04) and 8.57% (5.99-11.21), respectively]; Tmin in the cold season on lag day 0 [2.26% (1.25-3.28)]; and NO2 and O3 in the warm season on lag days 1 [7.86% (6.66-9.07)] and 2 [4.75% (3.53-5.97)], respectively. Violence and SDI modified the main effects in a non-linear manner; contrary to hypotheses, we found stronger associations in lower-violence and -deprivation quintiles. At very high stressor exposures, although asthma exacerbations were highly prevalent, pollution effects were less apparent-suggesting potential saturation effects in socio-environmental synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jamie L Humphrey
- Center for Health Analytics, Media & Policy, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Frueh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellen J Kinnee
- University Center for Social and Urban Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Perry E Sheffield
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jane E Clougherty
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Jiang H, Zhang S, Lu W, Yang F, Bi X, Ma W, Wei Z. In silico assessment of pharmacotherapy for carbon monoxide induced arrhythmias in healthy and failing human hearts. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1018299. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1018299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) is gaining increased attention in air pollution-induced arrhythmias. The severe cardiotoxic consequences of CO urgently require effective pharmacotherapy to treat it. However, existing evidence demonstrates that CO can induce arrhythmias by directly affecting multiple ion channels, which is a pathway distinct from heart ischemia and has received less concern in clinical treatment.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of some common clinical antiarrhythmic drugs for CO-induced arrhythmias, and to propose a potential pharmacotherapy for CO-induced arrhythmias through the virtual pathological cell and tissue models.Methods: Two pathological models describing CO effects on healthy and failing hearts were constructed as control baseline models. After this, we first assessed the efficacy of some common antiarrhythmic drugs like ranolazine, amiodarone, nifedipine, etc., by incorporating their ion channel-level effects into the cell model. Cellular biomarkers like action potential duration and tissue-level biomarkers such as the QT interval from pseudo-ECGs were obtained to assess the drug efficacy. In addition, we also evaluated multiple specific IKr activators in a similar way to multi-channel blocking drugs, as the IKr activator showed great potency in dealing with CO-induced pathological changes.Results: Simulation results showed that the tested seven antiarrhythmic drugs failed to rescue the heart from CO-induced arrhythmias in terms of the action potential and the ECG manifestation. Some of them even worsened the condition of arrhythmogenesis. In contrast, IKr activators like HW-0168 effectively alleviated the proarrhythmic effects of CO.Conclusion: Current antiarrhythmic drugs including the ranolazine suggested in previous studies did not achieve therapeutic effects for the cardiotoxicity of CO, and we showed that the specific IKr activator is a promising pharmacotherapy for the treatment of CO-induced arrhythmias.
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Chen SY, Wu CF, Wu C, Chan CC, Hwang JS, Su TC. Urban Fine Particulate Matter and Elements Associated with Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adolescents and Young Adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7266-7274. [PMID: 35138845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between the elemental constituents of PM2.5 and atherosclerosis remain limited, especially in young populations. This study included 755 subjects aged 12-30 years in the Taipei metropolis. A land use regression model was used to estimate residential annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 and eight elemental constituents. We evaluated the percent differences in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) with PM2.5 and elemental constituent exposures by linear regressions. Interquartile range increments for PM2.5 (4.5 μg/m3), sulfur (108.6 ng/m3), manganese (2.0 ng/m3), iron (34.5 ng/m3), copper (3.6 ng/m3), and zinc (20.7 ng/m3) were found to associate with 0.92% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17-1.66), 0.51% (0.02-1.00), 0.36% (0.05-0.67), 0.98% (0.15-1.82), 0.74% (0.01-1.48), and 1.20% (0.33-2.08) higher CIMTs, respectively. Factor analysis identified four air pollution source-related factors, and the factors interpreted as traffic and industry sources were associated with higher CIMTs. Stratified analyses showed the estimates were more evident in subjects who were ≥18 years old, females, or who had lower household income. Our study results provide new insight into the impacts of source-specific air pollution, and future research on source-specific air pollution effects in young populations, especially in vulnerable subpopulations, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ying Chen
- Division of Occupational Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Division of Surgical Intensive Care, Department of Critical Care Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Fooyin University. Kaohsiung 831301, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Wu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Charlene Wu
- Global Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shiang Hwang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
- The Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University, Nantou 557, Taiwan
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Exposure to particulate matter: a brief review with a focus on cardiovascular effects, children, and research conducted in Turkey. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2021; 72:244-253. [PMID: 34985835 PMCID: PMC8785112 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental particulate matter (PM), outdoor air pollution in particular, has long been associated with adverse health effects. Today, PM has widely been accepted as a systemic toxicant showing adverse effects beyond the lungs. There are numerous studies, from those in vitro to epidemiological ones, suggesting various direct and indirect PM toxicity mechanisms associated with cardiovascular risks, including inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, changes in blood pressure, autonomic regulation of heart rate, suppression of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, thrombogenesis, myocardial infarction, and fibrinolysis. In addition to these and other health risks, considerations about air quality standards should include individual differences, lifestyle, and vulnerable populations such as children. Urban air pollution has been a major environmental issue for Turkey, and this review will also address current situation, research, and measures taken in our country.
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Sivakumar B, Kurian GA. Mitochondria and traffic-related air pollution linked coronary artery calcification: exploring the missing link. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:545-563. [PMID: 34821115 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The continuing increase in the exposure to Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) in the general population is predicted to result in a higher incidence of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease. The chronic exposure of air particulate matter from TRAP upon the vascular system leads to the enhancement of deposition of calcium in the vasculature leading to coronary artery calcification (CAC), triggered by inflammatory reactions and endothelial dysfunction. This calcification forms within the intimal and medial layers of vasculature and the underlying mechanism that connects the trigger from TRAP is not well explored. Several local and systemic factors participate in this active process including inflammatory response, hyperlipidemia, presence of self-programmed death bodies and high calcium-phosphate concentrations. These factors along with the loss of molecules that inhibit calcification and circulating nucleation complexes influence the development of calcification in the vasculature. The loss of defense to prevent osteogenic transition linked to micro organelle dysfunction that includes deteriorated mitochondria, elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress, and defective mitophagy. In this review, we examine the contributory role of mitochondria involved in the mechanism of TRAP linked CAC development. Further we examine whether TRAP is an inducer or trigger for the enhanced progression of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Sivakumar
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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Yang S, Lee SP, Park JB, Lee H, Kang SH, Lee SE, Kim JB, Choi SY, Kim YJ, Chang HJ. PM2.5 concentration in the ambient air is a risk factor for the development of high-risk coronary plaques. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 20:1355-1364. [PMID: 31410457 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate whether long-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the ambient air is related to the development or growth of coronary plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS This study involved 364 residents of Seoul, Korea, who underwent serial coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) at an interval of ≥2 years. Each participant's average concentration of residential PM2.5 between the two CCTAs was calculated. Primary endpoint was the development of high-risk plaque (HRP), defined as a plaque with low attenuation, spotty calcium, and positive remodelling. Secondary endpoints were the volume increase of total plaque and its component volume. Among those without HRP at baseline (n = 341), 20 patients developed HRP at follow-up CCTA, the residential PM2.5 concentration of which was significantly higher than those without HRP at follow-up (25.8 ± 2.0 vs. 25.0 ± 1.7 μg/m3 for patients with newly developed HRP vs. patients without HRP at follow-up; P = 0.047). An increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with increased incidence of HRP at follow-up [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-2.15, P < 0.001]. In a secondary analysis, the PM2.5 concentration was associated with an increased risk of the formation of either fibrofatty or necrotic core component in newly developed plaques (aHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.23-1.61, P < 0.001), and with a higher risk of total plaque volume progression in the pre-existing plaques (aHR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05-1.23, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Exposure to higher concentration of PM2.5 in the ambient air is significantly associated with the development of high-risk coronary plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhun Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jun-Bean Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Heesun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, 737, Yeoksam-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06236, Korea
| | - Si-Hyuck Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Juyong Brian Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, 737, Yeoksam-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06236, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Sun M, Liang Q, Ma Y, Wang F, Lin L, Li T, Sun Z, Duan J. Particulate matter exposure and biomarkers associated with blood coagulation: A meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111417. [PMID: 33010596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Find the correlation between particulate matter (PM) and biomarkers related to blood coagulation, offer medical evidence to sensitive indicators and carry out early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. METHOD A combination of computer and manual retrieval was used to search for the keywords in PubMed (584 records), Cochrane Library (28 records), Web of Science (162 records) and Embase (163 records). Finally, a total of 25 articles were included in this meta-analysis. Stata 13.0 was applied to examine the heterogeneity among the studies and to calculate the combined effect estimates, percent variation (%) and 95% CI by selecting corresponding models. Additionally, sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were also conducted. RESULTS Meta-analysis indicated that there was an association between PM2.5 exposure (per 10 µg/m3 increase) and fibrinogen. With the increase of PM2.5 exposure (per 10 µg/m3 increase), the content of fibrinogen revealed a high level (2.26%; 95% CI: 1.08-3.44%); and the increase of UFPs exposure (per 5000/cm3 increase) was correlated with some biomarkers such as cell surface antigen and protein ligand including ICAM-1, sCD40L, P-selectin, E-selectin and PAI-1 that indirectly related to blood coagulation, yielding a percent variation of 10.83% (95% CI: 3.49%-18.17%). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis expounded that PM-related biomarkers were associated with blood coagulation, and the relationship with fibrinogen was much stronger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Qingqing Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yuexiao Ma
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Fenghong Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lisen Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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Liang S, Zhang J, Ning R, Du Z, Liu J, Batibawa JW, Duan J, Sun Z. The critical role of endothelial function in fine particulate matter-induced atherosclerosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:61. [PMID: 33276797 PMCID: PMC7716453 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient and indoor air pollution contributes annually to approximately seven million premature deaths. Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate materials. In particular, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) plays a major mortality risk factor particularly on cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and inflammation. A review on the PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is needed to better understand the involved mechanisms. In this review, we summarized epidemiology and animal studies of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelial injury is a critical early predictor of atherosclerosis. The evidence of mechanisms of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis supports effects on vascular function. Thus, we summarized the main mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered vascular endothelial injury, which mainly involved three aspects, including vascular endothelial permeability, vasomotor function and vascular reparative capacity. Then we reviewed the relationship between PM2.5-induced endothelial injury and atherosclerosis. PM2.5-induced endothelial injury associated with inflammation, pro-coagulation and lipid deposition. Although the evidence of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is undergoing continual refinement, the mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered atherosclerosis are still limited, especially indoor PM2.5. Subsequent efforts of researchers are needed to improve the understanding of PM2.5 and atherosclerosis. Preventing or avoiding PM2.5-induced endothelial damage may greatly reduce the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Joe Werelagi Batibawa
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
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Pan WC, Yeh SY, Wu CD, Huang YT, Chen YC, Chen CJ, Yang HI. Association Between Traffic Count and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study in Taiwan. J Epidemiol 2020; 31:343-349. [PMID: 32565497 PMCID: PMC8021879 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to traffic-related pollution is positively associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but little is known about how different sources of traffic pollution (eg, gasoline-powered cars, diesel-engine vehicles) contribute to CVD. Therefore, we evaluated the association between exposure to different types of engine exhaust and CVD mortality. Methods We recruited 12,098 participants from REVEAL-HBV cohort in Taiwan. The CVD mortality in 2000–2014 was ascertained by the Taiwan Death Certificates. Traffic pollution sources (2005–2013) were based on information provided by the Directorate General of Highway in 2005. Exposure to PM2.5 was based on a land-use regression model. We applied Cox proportional hazard models to assess the association of traffic vehicle exposure and CVD mortality. A causal mediation analysis was applied to evaluate the mediation effect of PM2.5 on the relationship between traffic and CVD mortality. Results A total of 382 CVD mortalities were identified from 2000 to 2014. We found participants exposed to higher volumes of small car and truck exhausts had an increased CVD mortality. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.10 for small cars (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–1.27; P-value = 0.23) and 1.24 for truck (95% CI, 1.03–1.51; P-value = 0.03) per one unit increment of the logarithm scale. The findings were still robust with further adjustment for different types of vehicles. A causal mediation analysis revealed PM2.5 had an over 60% mediation effect on traffic-CVD association. Conclusions Exposure to exhaust from trucks or gasoline-powered cars is positively associated with CVD mortality, and air pollution may play a role in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University.,Center of Preventive Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Szu-Yu Yeh
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University.,Center of Preventive Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University.,National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
| | | | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institution of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica.,Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
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12
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Qiu F, Chen L, Wang H, Huang M, Sun X, Kan J, Du J, Li Y. Protective effect of supplementation with Ginseng,
Lilii Bulbus
and Poria against
PM
2
.5
in air pollution‐induced cardiopulmonary damage among adults. Phytother Res 2020; 35:877-887. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway (Lin et al.) R&D Center Shanghai China
| | - Hanjin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway (Lin et al.) R&D Center Shanghai China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway (Lin et al.) R&D Center Shanghai China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan People's Republic of China
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13
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Rahman T, Faisal ARM, Khanam T, Shekhar HU. Recurrent Indoor Environmental Pollution and Its Impact on Health and Oxidative Stress of the Textile Workers in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2020; 14:1178630220938393. [PMID: 32843838 PMCID: PMC7418231 DOI: 10.1177/1178630220938393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perennial indoor environmental pollution in the textile industrial area is a potential health hazard for workers engaged in this line of work, resulting in mental aberration to severe health risks. This study was designed to investigate the indoor environmental quality of textile industries and correlate its effect on the occupational health and well-being of the textile workers by measuring plasma oxidative stress status in textile workers and healthy control subjects. Environmental samples were collected from 15 textile industries located in Dhaka division, and 30 volunteer textile workers and 30 volunteer office workers (control) aged 18 to 57 years participated in the study. The concentration of plasma ascorbic acid (P-ASC), plasma malondialdehyde (P-MDA), and plasma conjugated diene (P-CD) was measured in both groups. The noise level (78.0 ± 0.68 dB) and the formaldehyde level (141.80 ± 4.47 µg/m3) were found to be significantly higher in the indoor environmental area compared with those in the control area (70.17 ± 0.25 dB and 108.0 ± 0.76 µg/m3, respectively). Furthermore, the daily average concentration of suspended particulate matters (PMs), that is, PM2.5 (322.2 ± 13.46 µg/m3) and PM10 (411.0 ± 17.57 µg/m3), was also found to be significantly higher in the indoor environmental air compared with that in the control area (78.59 ± 1.66 and 174.0 ± 2.33 µg/m3, respectively). The levels of P-MDA (0.37 ± 0.03 nmol/L) and P-CD (14.74 ± 0.61 nmol/L) were significantly increased, whereas the level of P-ASC level (0.46 ± 0.04 mg/dL) was markedly decreased in the textile workers compared with the healthy control subjects (0.18 ± 0.01 nmol/L of P-MDA, 10.04 ± 0.44 nmol/L of P-CD, and 1.29 ± 0.06 mg/dL of P-ASC). The textile plants were found to have significantly elevated levels of indoor environmental pollutants compared with those in the control area, and the textile workers were significantly exposed to oxidative stresses compared with the control subjects. The use of noise pads and high-efficiency air filters is perhaps highly instrumental to put an end to this prevailing situation. Moreover, to overcome the oxidative stresses among workers, supplementation of antioxidant vitamins (ie, ascorbic acid and/or vitamin E) may be beneficial. In addition, to prevent serious health-related issues, proper precautions should be taken to protect the occupational health of the textile workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ar-Rafi Md. Faisal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahura Khanam
- Qtex Solutions Limited, 1st ISO 17020:2012 Accredited Environmental inspection body in Bangladesh
| | - Hossain Uddin Shekhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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14
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Wang S, Wang F, Yang L, Li Q, Huang Y, Cheng Z, Chu H, Song Y, Shang L, Hao W, Wei X. Effects of coal-fired PM 2.5 on the expression levels of atherosclerosis-related proteins and the phosphorylation level of MAPK in ApoE -/- mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:34. [PMID: 32384920 PMCID: PMC7206822 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Atherosclerosis (AS) is the pathological basis of most CVD, and the progression of atherosclerosis and the increase of fragile plaque rupture are the mechanism basis of the relationship between atmospheric particulate pollution and CVD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of coal-fired fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the expression levels of atherosclerosis-related proteins (von Willebrand factor (vWF), Endothelin-1 (ET-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and E-selectin, and to explore the role and mechanism of the progression of atherosclerosis induced by coal-fired PM2.5 via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Methods Different concentrations of PM2.5 were given to apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice via intratracheal instillation for 8 weeks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of vWF, ET-1 in serum of mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression and distribution of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in the aorta of mice. Western blot was used to investigate the phosphoylation of proteins relevant to MAPK signaling pathways. Results Coal-fired PM2.5 exacerbated atherosclerosis induced by a high-fat diet. Fibrous cap formation, foam cells accumulation, and atherosclerotic lesions were observed in the aortas of PM2.5-treated mice. Coal-fired PM2.5 increased the protein levels of ET-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin, but there was no significant difference in the vWF levels between the PM2.5-treatment mice and the HFD control mice. Coal-fired PM2.5 promoted the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in aortic tissues of mice. Conclusion Coal-derived PM2.5 exacerbated the formation of atherosclerosis in mice, increased the expression levels of atherosclerosis-related proteins in mice serum, and promoted the phosphorylation of proteins relevant to MAPK signaling pathway. Thus, MAPK signaling pathway may play a role in the atherosclerosis pathogenesis induced by Coal-derived PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqian Chu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanqin Shang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zhao J, Mi X, Zhao L, Midgley AC, Tang H, Tian M, Yan H, Wang K, Wang R, Wan Y, Kong D, Mao H, Wang T. Validation of PM 2.5 model particle through physicochemical evaluation and atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE -/- mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110308. [PMID: 32058168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 particles are regarded as prominent risk factors that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. However, the composition of PM2.5 is rather complicated. This study aimed to provide a model particle that simulates the behavior of actual PM2.5, for subsequent use in exploring mechanisms and major complications arising from PM2.5. To establish model particles of PM2.5, a series of monodisperse SiO2 microspheres with different average grain diameters were mixed according to the size distribution of actual PM2.5. The organic carbon (OC) was removed from PM2.5 and coated onto the SiO2 model particle, to formulate simulant PM2.5. Results showed that the size distribution of the model particle was highly approximate to that of the PM2.5 core. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) composition profile of the simulated PM2.5 were approximate to PM2.5, and loading efficiency was approximately 80%-120%. Furthermore, compared to the control, SiO2-only model particle had negligible cytotoxicity on cell viability and oxidative stress of HUVECs, and marginal effect on the lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-/- mice. In contrast, simulated PM2.5 exhibited similar cytotoxic and detrimental effects on lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic plaque formation with actual PM2.5. Traffic-related PM2.5 had negative effects on endothelial function and led to the formation of atherosclerosis via oxidative stress. The simulated PM2.5 simulated the outcomes of actual PM2.5 exposure. Here, we show that SiO2 particle model cores coated with OC could significantly assist in the evaluation of the effects of specific organic compositions bound on PM2.5, specifically in the context of environmental health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhao
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xingyan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Adam C Midgley
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Haoyu Tang
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengya Tian
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yajuan Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Deling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Hongjun Mao
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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16
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Herman DA, Wingen LM, Johnson RM, Keebaugh AJ, Renusch SR, Hasen I, Ting A, Kleinman MT. Seasonal effects of ambient PM 2.5 on the cardiovascular system of hyperlipidemic mice. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2020; 70:307-323. [PMID: 31951803 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2020.1717674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
People in polluted communities are often exposed to both PM and ozone (O3), albeit not always simultaneously; an important question is whether exposure to particles with seasonal compositional differences can influence biological outcomes. We addressed this question using a mouse model of cardiovascular disease by contrasting the health outcomes of exposures to particles formed or aged during periods of relatively high photochemical activity (i.e. spring/summer), which has increased ambient O3 concentrations, with outcomes of exposures to fall/winter particles which are associated with lower O3 concentrations. Electrocardiographs (ECGs) and blood pressures (BPs) were acquired following exposures to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs). ECGs were analyzed to changes in specific waveform parameters and changes in heart rate variability (HRV). Exposures elicited several types of waveform abnormalities that were associated with seasonal differences in particle constituents. Alterations in R-R interval and P-R interval were seen following exposure to summer CAPs but not fall CAPs and differential responses were seen in the corrected Q-T interval following the two seasonal exposures. Measures of HRV increased after exposure to summer CAPs compared to air-exposed controls but not following the winter CAPs exposure. There were chemical differences with respect to the organic constituents in ambient particles between summer and fall aerosol. The oxygen to carbon ratios (O:C) were generally higher in the spring and summer than in the fall, consistent with seasonal differences in atmospheric photochemical activity. Seasonal differences in atmospheric photochemical activity can modify ambient aerosol composition and can alter biological responses in the cardiovascular system. The results from this study confirm that ambient photochemical activity can alter the toxicity of ambient PM. Regional and seasonal differences in PM2.5 composition should be important considerations when evaluating the effects of PM exposure on cardiovascular health.Implications: Particles formed during periods of high photochemical activity (e.g. spring/summer) elicit more adverse cardiovascular health effects than particles formed during periods of low photochemical activity (e.g. fall/winter). Seasonal differences in atmospheric photochemical activity modified ambient aerosol composition and worsened cardiovascular responses. These results can inform regulatory agencies and may help design air quality regulations for PM2.5 that consider seasonal and regional variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Herman
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M Wingen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca M Johnson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Keebaugh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Samantha R Renusch
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Irene Hasen
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Ting
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Kleinman
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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17
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Long MH, Zhu XM, Wang Q, Chen Y, Gan XD, Li F, Fu WL, Xing WW, Xu DQ, Xu DG. PM2.5 exposure induces vascular dysfunction via NO generated by iNOS in lung of ApoE-/- mouse. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:49-60. [PMID: 31892845 PMCID: PMC6930374 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.36073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PM2.5 exposure exacerbates cardiovascular diseases via oxidative stress and inflammation, the detailed mechanism of which is unclear. In this study, the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as vascular structure and function were studied by multiple PM2.5 exposure model of ApoE-/- mice. The results indicated that NO produced by iNOS not cNOS might play important roles in inducing vascular dysfunction after PM2.5 exposure. The occurrence order and causality among NO, other oxidative stress indicators and inflammation is explored by single PM2.5 exposure. The results showed that NO generated by iNOS occurred earlier than that of other oxidative stress indicators, which was followed by the increased inflammation. Inhibition of NOS could effectively block the raise of NO, oxidative stress and inflammation after PM2.5 exposure. All in all, we firstly confirmed that NO was the initiation factor of PM2.5 exposure-induced oxidative stress, which led to inflammation and the following vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Long
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qin Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Gan
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Fei Li
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wen-Liang Fu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei-Wei Xing
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Dong-Qun Xu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Dong-Gang Xu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
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18
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Cohen HW, Zeig-Owens R, Joe C, Hall CB, Webber MP, Weiden MD, Cleven KL, Jaber N, Skerker M, Yip J, Schwartz T, Prezant DJ. Long-term Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Firefighters After the World Trade Center Disaster. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e199775. [PMID: 31490535 PMCID: PMC6735414 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.9775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Published studies examining the association between World Trade Center (WTC) exposure on and after September 11, 2001, and longer-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes have reported mixed findings. OBJECTIVE To assess whether WTC exposure was associated with elevated CVD risk in Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) firefighters. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cohort study, the association between WTC exposure and the risk of CVD was assessed between September 11, 2001, and December 31, 2017, in FDNY male firefighters. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to estimate CVD risk in association with 2 measures of WTC exposure: arrival time to the WTC site and duration of work at the WTC site. Data analyses were conducted from May 1, 2018, to March 8, 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary CVD outcome included myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, coronary artery surgery or angioplasty, or CVD death. The secondary outcome (all CVD) included all primary outcome events or any of the following: transient ischemic attack; stable angina, defined as either use of angina medication or cardiac catheterization without intervention; cardiomyopathy; and other CVD (aortic aneurysm, peripheral arterial vascular intervention, and carotid artery surgery). RESULTS There were 489 primary outcome events among 9796 male firefighters (mean [SD] age on September 11, 2001, was 40.3 [7.4] years and 7210 individuals [73.6%] were never smokers). Age-adjusted incident rates of CVD were higher for firefighters with greater WTC exposure. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the primary CVD outcome was 1.44 (95% CI, 1.09-1.90) for the earliest arrival group compared with those who arrived later. Similarly, those who worked at the WTC site for 6 or more months vs those who worked less time at the site were more likely to have a CVD event (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05-1.60). Well-established CVD risk factors, including hypertension (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.10-1.80), hypercholesterolemia (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.28-1.91), diabetes (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.33-2.98), and smoking (current: HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.68-2.70; former: HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.23-1.95), were significantly associated with CVD in the multivariable models. Analyses with the all-CVD outcome were similar. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of the study suggest a significant association between greater WTC exposure and long-term CVD risk. The findings appear to reinforce the importance of long-term monitoring of the health of survivors of disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillel W. Cohen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Rachel Zeig-Owens
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- The Bureau of Health Services and the Fire Department of the City of New York World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York
- Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Cynthia Joe
- The Bureau of Health Services and the Fire Department of the City of New York World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York
- Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Charles B. Hall
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Mayris P. Webber
- The Bureau of Health Services and the Fire Department of the City of New York World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Michael D. Weiden
- The Bureau of Health Services and the Fire Department of the City of New York World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Krystal L. Cleven
- Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Nadia Jaber
- The Bureau of Health Services and the Fire Department of the City of New York World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Molly Skerker
- The Bureau of Health Services and the Fire Department of the City of New York World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York
- Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jennifer Yip
- The Bureau of Health Services and the Fire Department of the City of New York World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York
- Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Theresa Schwartz
- The Bureau of Health Services and the Fire Department of the City of New York World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York
- Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - David J. Prezant
- The Bureau of Health Services and the Fire Department of the City of New York World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, New York
- Pulmonary Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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19
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Hennig F, Moebus S, Reinsch N, Budde T, Erbel R, Jöckel KH, Lehmann N, Hoffmann B, Kälsch H. Investigation of air pollution and noise on progression of thoracic aortic calcification: results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 27:965-974. [PMID: 31189380 PMCID: PMC7272124 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319854818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims Air pollution and noise are potential risk factors for subclinical
atherosclerosis. Longitudinal analyses, especially on the interplay of these
environmental factors, are scarce and inconsistent. Hence we investigated
long-term traffic-related exposure to air pollution and noise with the
development and progression of thoracic aortic calcification, a marker of
subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods We used baseline (2000–2003) and follow-up (2006–2008) data from the German
Heinz Nixdorf Recall cohort study, including 4814 middle-aged adults.
Residence-based air pollution (PM2.5 (aerodynamic
diameter ≤ 2.5 µm), PM10, nitrogen dioxide and particle number),
and noise was assessed with dispersion models. Thoracic aortic calcification
was quantified from non-contrast enhanced electron beam computed tomography.
The presence and extent of thoracic aortic calcification progression were
analysed with multiple logistic and linear regression models, respectively,
adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle variables, socioeconomic status and
respective co-exposure. Results We observed no association in the full study sample
(n = 3155, mean age 59.1 (±7.6) years, 52.8% women). While
an interquartile range in particle number and night-time noise yielded odds
ratios of 1.20 (1.03, 1.40) and 1.21 (1.00, 1.46) for binary thoracic aortic
calcification progression, and 0.02 (–0.01, 0.05) and 0.04 (0.00, 0.07)
higher growth rates of thoracic aortic calcification in participants with
baseline thoracic aortic calcification less than 10, negative findings were
observed in those with baseline thoracic aortic calcification of 10 or
greater. Results were similar for other pollutants and daytime noise. Conclusion Our study shows no overall associations. Subgroup analyses suggest
independent associations of traffic-related air pollution and noise with the
development and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in participants
with no or minor thoracic aortic calcification at baseline, in contrast to
negative findings in those with advanced calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Hennig
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Nico Reinsch
- Alfried Krupp Hospital Essen, Department of Cardiology, Germany.,Medical Department, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Alfried Krupp Hospital Essen, Department of Cardiology, Germany
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hagen Kälsch
- Alfried Krupp Hospital Essen, Department of Cardiology, Germany.,Medical Department, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany
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20
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Wang M, Hou ZH, Xu H, Liu Y, Budoff MJ, Szpiro AA, Kaufman JD, Vedal S, Lu B. Association of Estimated Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Traffic Proximity With a Marker for Coronary Atherosclerosis in a Nationwide Study in China. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e196553. [PMID: 31251382 PMCID: PMC6604100 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Epidemiologic evidence of the mechanisms of the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and coronary heart disease (CHD) is limited and relies heavily on studies performed in Europe and the United States, where air pollution levels are relatively low. In particular, the association between air pollution and CHD in patients with underlying risks for CHD is understudied. OBJECTIVE To determine whether air pollution and proximity to traffic are associated with the coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, a key atherosclerotic marker. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this prospective, population-based cross-sectional study in a large-scale setting in China, 8867 consecutive patients aged 25 to 92 years with suspected CHD were recruited between November 17, 2015, and September 13, 2017. Participants were excluded if they had previous myocardial infarction, stenting, or coronary artery bypass grafting or incomplete risk factors and exposure data. Each participant underwent assessment of CAC and CHD risk factors at baseline. Data were analyzed from December 2017 to November 2018. EXPOSURES Annual means of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were estimated at the participants' residences using a validated geostatistical prediction model. Exposure to a nearby roadway was also estimated. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Computed tomography measurement of CAC score. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the 8867 participants was 56.9 (10.4) years; 4378 (53.6%) were men. Annual mean (SD) PM2.5, NO2, and O3 measurements were 70.1 (20.0), 41.4 (14.7), and 93.9 (10.5) μg/m3, respectively. The mean (SD) CAC score was 91.4 (322.2) Agatston units. Exposure to PM2.5 and NO2, adjusting for CHD risk factors and multiple pollutants, were independently associated with increases in CAC scores of 27.2% (95% CI, 10.8% to 46.1%) per 30 μg/m3 PM2.5 and 24.5% (95% CI, 3.6% to 49.7%) per 20 μg/m3 NO2. For PM2.5, odds of both detectable CAC (Agatston score >0; odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.45) and severe CAC (Agatston score >400; odds ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.12) were increased. Associations of CAC with PM2.5 and NO2 were greater among male participants (PM2.5: 42.2%; 95% CI, 24.3% to 62.7%; NO2: 45.7%; 95% CI, 25.3% to 69.5%) and elderly participants (PM2.5: 50.1%; 95% CI, 28.8% to 75.0%; NO2: 55.5%; 95% CI, 31.8% to 83.6%) and those with diabetes (PM2.5: 62.2%; 95% CI, 30.9% to 101.0%; NO2: 31.2%; 95% CI, 13.9% to 51.0%). Independent association with CAC score was 9.0% (95% CI, -1.4% to 20.4%) for O3 per 15 μg/m3 and 2.4% (95% CI, -0.6% to 5.4%) for distance near roadway per 50% decrease. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this large Chinese study, long-term exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 were independently associated with severity of CAC. This finding may provide support for the pathophysiological role of coronary atherosclerosis through which air pollution exposure may be associated with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Zhi-Hui Hou
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Adam A. Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sverre Vedal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Yuan S, Wen J, Li W, Yang L, Huang X, Mo Y, Zhao Y, Lu Y. Exposure to PM2.5 via vascular endothelial growth factor relationship: Meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198813. [PMID: 29912914 PMCID: PMC6005507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the association of PM2.5 exposure with VEGF by conducting a systematic review of existing literature and performing a meta-analysis. We searched all the studies published in the Cochrane Library, PUBMED, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang Electronic Database before June 2017. Finally six studies were identified. It confirmed that the increase in VEGF (β = 1.23 pg/ml, 95% CI: 0.45, 2.01) was significantly associated with the PM2.5 mass concentration of 10 μg/m3. Studies from Canada showed that PM2.5 exposure statistically elevated the level of VEGF level that an increase of 1.20 pg/ml (95% CI: 0.88, 1.52) in VEGF was associated with per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration. Other subgroup analyses indicated that the effects of PM2.5 exposure on VEGF differed per the in different exposure assessment methods, study designs, and study settings. It was concluded that elevated VEGF levels was significantly positive associated with PM2.5 exposure. Exposure assessment methods and study countries were the major sources of heterogeneity among studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Toxicology, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- The Library and Information Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialing Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases. The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Li
- 181st Hospital of People's Liberation Army of China, Guilin, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, China
| | - Yanmei Mo
- Department of Toxicology, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, China
| | - Yingqi Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, China
| | - Yuanming Lu
- Department of Toxicology, Guilin Medical University School of Public Health, Guilin, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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A Review of Medication Use as an Indicator of Human Health Impact in Environmentally Stressed Areas. Ann Glob Health 2018; 82:111-8. [PMID: 27325069 DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed from literature the feasibility of medication use as an indicator of health outcomes in environmentally stressed areas, especially where a paucity of typical epidemiological and other risk-based data are encountered. The majority of studies reported were about medication use as an indicator of adverse respiratory effects from air pollution in developed countries. Studies to a lesser extent pointed to medication use as indicator of health outcomes associated with other environmental health stressors such as water, noise pollution, and habitat conditions. The relationship between environmental stressors and medication use strongly suggests that medication use could be used to measure the impact of environmental stressors that otherwise could not be measured by epidemiological or other impact assessment studies, typically in settings where morbidity and mortality data might not be not accessible.
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Skinner DJC, Rocks SA, Pollard SJT. Where do uncertainties reside within environmental risk assessments? Testing UnISERA, a guide for uncertainty assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:390-402. [PMID: 28283411 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A means for identifying and prioritising the treatment of uncertainty (UnISERA) in environmental risk assessments (ERAs) is tested, using three risk domains where ERA is an established requirement and one in which ERA practice is emerging. UnISERA's development draws on 19 expert elicitations across genetically modified higher plants, particulate matter, and agricultural pesticide release and is stress tested here for engineered nanomaterials (ENM). We are concerned with the severity of uncertainty; its nature; and its location across four accepted stages of ERAs. Using an established uncertainty scale, the risk characterisation stage of ERA harbours the highest severity level of uncertainty, associated with estimating, aggregating and evaluating expressions of risk. Combined epistemic and aleatory uncertainty is the dominant nature of uncertainty. The dominant location of uncertainty is associated with data in problem formulation, exposure assessment and effects assessment. Testing UnISERA produced agreements of 55%, 90%, and 80% for the severity level, nature and location dimensions of uncertainty between the combined case studies and the ENM stress test. UnISERA enables environmental risk analysts to prioritise risk assessment phases, groups of tasks, or individual ERA tasks and it can direct them towards established methods for uncertainty treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J C Skinner
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Sophie A Rocks
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Simon J T Pollard
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
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24
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Dorans KS, Wilker EH, Li W, Rice MB, Ljungman PL, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Kloog I, Koutrakis P, D'Agostino RB, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, O'Donnell CJ, Mittleman MA. Residential proximity to major roads, exposure to fine particulate matter and aortic calcium: the Framingham Heart Study, a cohort study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013455. [PMID: 28302634 PMCID: PMC5372069 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traffic and ambient air pollution exposure are positively associated with cardiovascular disease, potentially through atherosclerosis promotion. Few studies have assessed associations of these exposures with thoracic aortic calcium Agatston score (TAC) or abdominal aortic calcium Agatston score (AAC), systemic atherosclerosis correlates. We assessed whether living close to a major road and residential fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure were associated with TAC and AAC in a Northeastern US cohort. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Framingham Offspring and Third Generation participants residing in the Northeastern USA. PARTICIPANTS AND OUTCOME MEASURES Among 3506 participants, mean age was 55.8 years; 50% female. TAC was measured from 2002 to 2005 and AAC up to two times (2002-2005; 2008-2011) among participants from the Framingham Offspring or Third Generation cohorts. We first assessed associations with detectable TAC (logistic regression) and AAC (generalised estimating equation regression, logit link). As aortic calcium scores were right skewed, we used linear regression models and mixed-effects models to assess associations with natural log-transformed TAC and AAC, respectively, among participants with detectable aortic calcium. We also assessed associations with AAC progression. Models were adjusted for demographic variables, socioeconomic position indicators and time. RESULTS There were no consistent associations of major roadway proximity or PM2.5 with the presence or extent of TAC or AAC, or with AAC progression. Some estimates were in the opposite direction than expected. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort from a region with relatively low levels of and variation in PM2.5, there were no strong associations of proximity to a major road or PM2.5 with the presence or extent of aortic calcification, or with AAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten S Dorans
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elissa H Wilker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary B Rice
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Petter L Ljungman
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph M Massaro
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Schwartz J, Bind MA, Koutrakis P. Estimating Causal Effects of Local Air Pollution on Daily Deaths: Effect of Low Levels. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:23-29. [PMID: 27203595 PMCID: PMC5226700 DOI: 10.1289/ehp232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many time-series studies have established associations of daily pollution variations with daily deaths, there are fewer at low concentrations, or focused on locally generated pollution, which is becoming more important as regulations reduce regional transport. Causal modeling approaches are also lacking. OBJECTIVE We used causal modeling to estimate the impact of local air pollution on mortality at low concentrations. METHODS Using an instrumental variable approach, we developed an instrument for variations in local pollution concentrations that is unlikely to be correlated with other causes of death, and examined its association with daily deaths in the Boston, Massachusetts, area. We combined height of the planetary boundary layer and wind speed, which affect concentrations of local emissions, to develop the instrument for particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) variations that were independent of year, month, and temperature. We also used Granger causality to assess whether omitted variable confounding existed. RESULTS We estimated that an interquartile range increase in the instrument for local PM2.5 was associated with a 0.90% increase in daily deaths (95% CI: 0.25, 1.56). A similar result was found for BC, and a weaker association with NO2. The Granger test found no evidence of omitted variable confounding for the instrument. A separate test confirmed the instrument was not associated with mortality independent of pollution. Furthermore, the association remained when all days with PM2.5 concentrations > 30 μg/m3 were excluded from the analysis (0.84% increase in daily deaths; 95% CI: 0.19, 1.50). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that there is a causal association of local air pollution with daily deaths at concentrations below U.S. EPA standards. The estimated attributable risk in Boston exceeded 1,800 deaths during the study period, indicating that important public health benefits can follow from further control efforts. Citation: Schwartz J, Bind MA, Koutrakis P. 2017. Estimating causal effects of local air pollution on daily deaths: effect of low levels. Environ Health Perspect 125:23-29; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Schwartz
- Address correspondence to J. Schwartz, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Landmark Center 404-M, 401 Park Dr., Boston, MA 02215 USA. Telephone: (617) 384-8752. E-mail:
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26
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Wang Y, Wellenius GA, Hickson DA, Gjelsvik A, Eaton CB, Wyatt SB. Residential Proximity to Traffic-Related Pollution and Atherosclerosis in 4 Vascular Beds Among African-American Adults: Results From the Jackson Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 184:732-743. [PMID: 27789446 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To our knowledge, no study has investigated the association of long-term exposure to traffic pollution with markers of atherosclerosis in 4 vascular beds simultaneously in an all-African-American cohort. Among participants in the Jackson Heart Study (Jackson, Mississippi; baseline mean age = 55.5 (standard deviation, 12.7) years), we used linear regression to estimate percent differences in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) at baseline (2004) and used modified Poisson regression (robust error variance) to estimate prevalence ratios for peripheral artery disease (PAD), coronary artery calcification (CAC), and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) at the first follow-up visit (2005-2008) for persons living less than 150 m (versus more than 300 m) from major roadways, adjusting for confounders. Living less than 150 m from such roadways was associated with a significant 6.67% (95% confidence interval: 1.28, 12.35) increase in CIMT (4,800 participants). PAD prevalence among persons living less than 150 m from a major roadway was 1.17 (95% confidence interval: 0.73, 1.86) times that of persons living more than 300 m away (4,443 participants), but this result was not statistically significant. There was no association for CAC or AAC. The association with CIMT was stronger in participants with a cardiovascular disease history than in those without one (P = 0.04). We observed an association in the carotid vascular beds but not the coronary, abdominal, or peripheral vascular beds. Our results highlight the need to consider residential proximity to roadways as a potential cardiovascular disease risk factor for blacks.
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27
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Air Pollution, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Social Disadvantage: The Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Epidemiology 2016; 27:42-50. [PMID: 26618771 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social factors may enhance health effects of air pollution, yet empirical support is inconsistent. The interaction of social and environmental factors may only be evident with long-term exposures and outcomes that reflect long-term disease development. METHODS We used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis to assess left-ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We assigned residential concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), oxides of nitrogen, and nitrogen dioxide in the year 2000 to each participant in 2000 using prediction models. We examined modifying roles of four measures of adversity: race/ethnicity, racial/ethnic residential segregation, and socioeconomic status and psychosocial adversity as composite indices on the association between air pollution and LVMI or LVEF. RESULTS Compared with whites, blacks showed a stronger adjusted association between air pollution and LVMI. For example, for each 5 µg/m greater PM2.5 level, whites showed a 1.0 g/m greater LVMI (95% confidence interval = -1.3, 3.1), while blacks showed an additional 4.0 g/m greater LVMI (95% confidence interval = 0.3, 8.2). Results were similar for oxides of nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide with regard to black race and LVMI. However, we found no evidence of a modifying role of other social factors or ethnic groups. Furthermore, we found no evidence of a modifying role for any social factors or racial/ethnic groups on the association between air pollution and LVEF. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that racial group membership may modify the association between air pollution and cardiovascular disease.
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28
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Kaufman JD, Spalt EW, Curl CL, Hajat A, Jones MR, Kim SY, Vedal S, Szpiro AA, Gassett A, Sheppard L, Daviglus ML, Adar SD. Advances in Understanding Air Pollution and CVD. Glob Heart 2016; 11:343-352. [PMID: 27741981 PMCID: PMC5082281 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The MESA Air (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution) leveraged the platform of the MESA cohort into a prospective longitudinal study of relationships between air pollution and cardiovascular health. MESA Air researchers developed fine-scale, state-of-the-art air pollution exposure models for the MESA Air communities, creating individual exposure estimates for each participant. These models combine cohort-specific exposure monitoring, existing monitoring systems, and an extensive database of geographic and meteorological information. Together with extensive phenotyping in MESA-and adding participants and health measurements to the cohort-MESA Air investigated environmental exposures on a wide range of outcomes. Advances by the MESA Air team included not only a new approach to exposure modeling, but also biostatistical advances in addressing exposure measurement error and temporal confounding. The MESA Air study advanced our understanding of the impact of air pollutants on cardiovascular disease and provided a research platform for advances in environmental epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth W Spalt
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cynthia L Curl
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Anjum Hajat
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miranda R Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sverre Vedal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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29
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Criqui MH, Aboyans V, Allison MA, Denenberg JO, Forbang N, McDermott MM, Wassel CL, Wong ND. Peripheral Artery Disease and Aortic Disease. Glob Heart 2016; 11:313-326. [PMID: 27741978 PMCID: PMC5119538 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We reviewed published MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) study articles concerning peripheral arterial disease, subclavian stenosis (SS), abdominal aortic calcium (AAC), and thoracic artery calcium (TAC). Important findings include, compared to non-Hispanic whites, lower ankle-brachial index (ABI) and more SS in African Americans, and higher ABI and less SS in Hispanic and Chinese Americans. Abnormal ABI and brachial pressure differences were associated with other subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) measures. Both very high and low ABI independently predicted increased CVD events. Looking at aortic measures, TAC and AAC were significantly associated with other subclinical CVD measures. Comparisons of AAC with coronary artery calcium (CAC) showed that both were less common in ethnic minority groups. However, although CAC was much more common in men than in women in multivariable analysis, this was not true of AAC. Also, when AAC and CAC were adjusted for each other in multivariable analysis, there was a stronger association for AAC than for CAC with CVD and total mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Criqui
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Victor Aboyans
- Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France; Inserm 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julie O Denenberg
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nketi Forbang
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mary M McDermott
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christina L Wassel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - Nathan D Wong
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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30
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Yu X, Hong F, Zhang YQ. Cardiac inflammation involving in PKCε or ERK1/2-activated NF-κB signalling pathway in mice following exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 313:68-77. [PMID: 27054666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of toxicological effects of nanoparticles (NPs) is increasingly important due to their growing occupational use and presence as compounds in consumer products. Recent researches have demonstrated that long-term exposure to air particulate matter can induce cardiovascular events, but whether cardiovascular disease, such as cardiac damage, is induced by NP exposure and its toxic mechanisms is rarely evaluated. In the present study, when mice were continuously exposed to TiO2 NPs at 2.5, 5 or 10mg/kg BW by intragastric administration for 90days, obvious histopathological changes, and great alterations of NF-κB and its inhibitor I-κB, as well as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-α expression were induced. The NPs significantly decreased Ca(2+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-ATPase and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activities and enhanced NCX-1 content. The NPs also considerably increased CAMK II and α1/β1-AR expression and up-regulated p-PKCε and p-ERK1/2 in a dose-dependent manner in the mouse heart. These data suggest that low-dose and long-term exposure to TiO2 NPs may cause cardiac damage such as cardiac fragmentation or disordered myocardial fibre arrangement, tissue necrosis, myocardial haemorrhage, swelling or cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and the inflammatory response was potentially mediated by NF-κB activation via the PKCε or ERK1/2 signalling cascades in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yu
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, RM 702-2303, Renai Road No. 199, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fashui Hong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, RM 702-2303, Renai Road No. 199, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou 215123, China.
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31
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Jung SW, Lee K, Cho YS, Choi JH, Yang W, Kang TS, Park C, Kim GB, Yu SD, Son BS. Association by Spatial Interpolation between Ozone Levels and Lung Function of Residents at an Industrial Complex in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E728. [PMID: 27447653 PMCID: PMC4962269 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13070728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Spatial interpolation is employed to improve exposure estimates and to assess adverse health effects associated with environmental risk factors. Since various studies have reported that high ozone (O₃) concentrations can give rise to adverse effects on respiratory symptoms and lung function, we investigated the association between O₃ levels and lung function using a variety of spatial interpolation techniques and evaluated how different methods for estimating exposure may influence health results for a cohort from an industrial complex (Gwangyang Bay) in South Korea in 2009. To estimate daily concentrations of O₃ in each subject, four different methods were used, which include simple averaging, nearest neighbor, inverse distance weighting, and kriging. Also, to compare the association between O₃ levels and lung function by age-groups, we explored ozone's impacts on three age-related groups: children (9-14 years), adults (15-64 years), and the elderly (≥65 years). The overall change of effect size on lung function in each age group tended to show similar patterns for lag and methods for estimating exposure. A significant negative association was only observed between O₃ levels and FVC and FEV₁ for most of the lag and methods in children. The largest effect of O₃ levels was found at the average for the lung function test day and last 2 days (0-2 days). In conclusions, the spatial interpolation methods may benefit in providing individual-level exposure with appropriate temporal resolution from ambient monitors. However, time-activity patterns of residents, monitoring site locations, methodological choices, and other factors should be considered to minimize exposure misclassification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Won Jung
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environment Research, 42, Hwangyeong-ro, Incheon 22689, Korea.
| | - Kyoungho Lee
- Occupational Epidemiology, Samsung Health Research Institute, Samsung Electronics, Giheung City 17113, Korea.
| | - Yong-Sung Cho
- Research Development and Education Division, National Institute of Chemical Safety, 90, Gajeonbuk-ro, Daejeon 34111, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hee Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University, 22, Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan-si 336-745, Korea.
| | - Wonho Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu, 13-13, Hayang-ro, Daegu 38430, Korea.
| | - Tack-Shin Kang
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environment Research, 42, Hwangyeong-ro, Incheon 22689, Korea.
| | - Choonghee Park
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environment Research, 42, Hwangyeong-ro, Incheon 22689, Korea.
| | - Geun-Bae Kim
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environment Research, 42, Hwangyeong-ro, Incheon 22689, Korea.
| | - Seung-Do Yu
- Environmental Health Research Division, National Institute of Environment Research, 42, Hwangyeong-ro, Incheon 22689, Korea.
| | - Bu-Soon Son
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University, 22, Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan-si 336-745, Korea.
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32
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Dorans KS, Wilker EH, Li W, Rice MB, Ljungman PL, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Kloog I, Koutrakis P, D'Agostino RB, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, O'Donnell CJ, Mittleman MA. Residential Proximity to Major Roads, Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter, and Coronary Artery Calcium: The Framingham Heart Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1679-85. [PMID: 27312220 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term exposure to traffic and particulate matter air pollution is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, potentially via atherosclerosis promotion. Prior research on associations of traffic and particulate matter with coronary artery calcium Agatston score (CAC), an atherosclerosis correlate, has yielded inconsistent findings. Given this background, we assessed whether residential proximity to major roadway or fine particulate matter were associated with CAC in a Northeastern US study. APPROACH AND RESULTS We measured CAC ≤2 times from 2002 to 2005 and 2008 to 2011 among Framingham Offspring or Third-Generation Cohort participants. We assessed associations of residential distance to major roadway and residential fine particulate matter (2003 average; spatiotemporal model) with detectable CAC, using generalized estimating equation regression. We used linear mixed effects models to assess associations with loge(CAC). We also assessed associations with CAC progression. Models were adjusted for demographic variables, socioeconomic position markers, and time. Among 3399 participants, 51% had CAC measured twice. CAC was detectable in 47% of observations. At first scan, mean age was 52.2 years (standard deviation 11.7); 51% male. There were no consistent associations with detectable CAC, continuous CAC, or CAC progression. We observed heterogeneous associations of distance to major roadway with odds of detectable CAC by hypertensive status; interpretation of these findings is questionable. CONCLUSIONS Our findings add to prior work and support evidence against strong associations of traffic or fine particulate matter with the presence, extent, or progression of CAC in a region with relatively low levels of and little variation in fine particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten S Dorans
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., J.S., M.A.M.), Department of Environmental Health (E.H.W., J.S., P.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., M.B.R., P.L.L., M.A.M.), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.B.R.), Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (U.H.), and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.J.O.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.L.); Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.B.D., J.M.M., C.J.O.); Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (R.B.D.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.M.M.); and Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Elissa H Wilker
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., J.S., M.A.M.), Department of Environmental Health (E.H.W., J.S., P.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., M.B.R., P.L.L., M.A.M.), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.B.R.), Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (U.H.), and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.J.O.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.L.); Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.B.D., J.M.M., C.J.O.); Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (R.B.D.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.M.M.); and Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Wenyuan Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., J.S., M.A.M.), Department of Environmental Health (E.H.W., J.S., P.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., M.B.R., P.L.L., M.A.M.), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.B.R.), Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (U.H.), and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.J.O.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.L.); Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.B.D., J.M.M., C.J.O.); Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (R.B.D.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.M.M.); and Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Mary B Rice
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., J.S., M.A.M.), Department of Environmental Health (E.H.W., J.S., P.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., M.B.R., P.L.L., M.A.M.), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.B.R.), Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (U.H.), and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.J.O.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.L.); Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.B.D., J.M.M., C.J.O.); Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (R.B.D.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.M.M.); and Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Petter L Ljungman
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., J.S., M.A.M.), Department of Environmental Health (E.H.W., J.S., P.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., M.B.R., P.L.L., M.A.M.), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.B.R.), Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (U.H.), and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.J.O.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.L.); Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.B.D., J.M.M., C.J.O.); Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (R.B.D.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.M.M.); and Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Joel Schwartz
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., J.S., M.A.M.), Department of Environmental Health (E.H.W., J.S., P.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., M.B.R., P.L.L., M.A.M.), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.B.R.), Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (U.H.), and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.J.O.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.L.); Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.B.D., J.M.M., C.J.O.); Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (R.B.D.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.M.M.); and Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Brent A Coull
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., J.S., M.A.M.), Department of Environmental Health (E.H.W., J.S., P.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., M.B.R., P.L.L., M.A.M.), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.B.R.), Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (U.H.), and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.J.O.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.L.); Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.B.D., J.M.M., C.J.O.); Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (R.B.D.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.M.M.); and Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Itai Kloog
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., J.S., M.A.M.), Department of Environmental Health (E.H.W., J.S., P.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., M.B.R., P.L.L., M.A.M.), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.B.R.), Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (U.H.), and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.J.O.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.L.); Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.B.D., J.M.M., C.J.O.); Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (R.B.D.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.M.M.); and Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., J.S., M.A.M.), Department of Environmental Health (E.H.W., J.S., P.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., M.B.R., P.L.L., M.A.M.), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.B.R.), Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (U.H.), and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.J.O.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.L.); Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.B.D., J.M.M., C.J.O.); Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (R.B.D.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.M.M.); and Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., J.S., M.A.M.), Department of Environmental Health (E.H.W., J.S., P.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., M.B.R., P.L.L., M.A.M.), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.B.R.), Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (U.H.), and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.J.O.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.L.); Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.B.D., J.M.M., C.J.O.); Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (R.B.D.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.M.M.); and Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Joseph M Massaro
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., J.S., M.A.M.), Department of Environmental Health (E.H.W., J.S., P.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., M.B.R., P.L.L., M.A.M.), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.B.R.), Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (U.H.), and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.J.O.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.L.); Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.B.D., J.M.M., C.J.O.); Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (R.B.D.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.M.M.); and Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., J.S., M.A.M.), Department of Environmental Health (E.H.W., J.S., P.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., M.B.R., P.L.L., M.A.M.), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.B.R.), Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (U.H.), and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.J.O.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.L.); Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.B.D., J.M.M., C.J.O.); Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (R.B.D.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.M.M.); and Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., J.S., M.A.M.), Department of Environmental Health (E.H.W., J.S., P.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., M.B.R., P.L.L., M.A.M.), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.B.R.), Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (U.H.), and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.J.O.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.L.); Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.B.D., J.M.M., C.J.O.); Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (R.B.D.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.M.M.); and Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, MA (C.J.O.)
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., J.S., M.A.M.), Department of Environmental Health (E.H.W., J.S., P.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (B.A.C.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (K.S.D., E.H.W., W.L., M.B.R., P.L.L., M.A.M.), Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.B.R.), Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital (U.H.), and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.J.O.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.L.); Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel (I.K.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (R.B.D., J.M.M., C.J.O.); Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA (R.B.D.); Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA (J.M.M.); and Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Veteran's Administration Health System, Boston, MA (C.J.O.).
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Ramanathan G, Yin F, Speck M, Tseng CH, Brook JR, Silverman F, Urch B, Brook RD, Araujo JA. Effects of urban fine particulate matter and ozone on HDL functionality. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:26. [PMID: 27221567 PMCID: PMC4879751 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposures to ambient particulate matter (PM) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. PM2.5 (<2.5 μm) and ozone exposures have been shown to associate with carotid intima media thickness in humans. Animal studies support a causal relationship between air pollution and atherosclerosis and identified adverse PM effects on HDL functionality. We aimed to determine whether brief exposures to PM2.5 and/or ozone could induce effects on HDL anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity in humans. Methods Subjects were exposed to fine concentrated ambient fine particles (CAP) with PM2.5 targeted at 150 μg/m3, ozone targeted at 240 μg/m3(120 ppb), PM2.5 plus ozone targeted at similar concentrations, and filtered air (FA) for 2 h, on 4 different occasions, at least two weeks apart, in a randomized, crossover study. Blood was obtained before exposures (baseline), 1 h after and 20 h after exposures. Plasma HDL anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory capacity and paraoxonase activity were determined. HDL anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory capacity was assessed by a cell-free fluorescent assay and expressed in units of a HDL oxidant index (HOI). Changes in HOI (ΔHOI) were calculated as the difference in HOI from baseline to 1 h after or 20 h after exposures. Results There was a trend towards bigger ΔHOI between PM2.5 and FA 1 h after exposures (p = 0.18) but not 20 h after. This trend became significant (p <0.05) when baseline HOI was lower (<1.5 or <2.0), indicating decreased HDL anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory capacity shortly after the exposures. There were no significant effects of ozone alone or in combination with PM2.5 on the change in HOI at both time points. The change in HOI due to PM2.5 showed a positive trend with particle mass concentration (p = 0.078) and significantly associated with the slope of systolic blood pressure during exposures (p = 0.005). Conclusions Brief exposures to concentrated PM2.5 elicited swift effects on HDL anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory functionality, which could indicate a potential mechanism for how particulate air pollution induces harmful cardiovascular effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0139-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajalakshmi Ramanathan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, P.O. Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Fen Yin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, P.O. Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mary Speck
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chi-Hong Tseng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, P.O. Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Environment Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Frances Silverman
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce Urch
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 43-264, P.O. Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA. .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Effects of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) on Systemic Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Function in ApoE(-/-) Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13050484. [PMID: 27187431 PMCID: PMC4881109 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13050484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we aimed to explore the toxic mechanisms of cardiovascular injuries induced by ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in atherosclerotic-susceptible ApoE−/− mice. An acute toxicological animal experiment was designed with PM2.5 exposure once a day, every other day, for three days. Methods: ApoE−/− and C57BL/6 mice were randomly categorized into four groups, respectively (n = 6): one control group, three groups exposed to PM2.5 alone at low-, mid-, and high-dose (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg b.w.). Heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were monitored before instillation of PM2.5 and 24 h after the last instillation, respectively. Cardiac function was monitored by echocardiography (Echo) after the last instillation. Biomarkers of systemic oxidative injuries (MDA, SOD), heart oxidative stress (MDA, SOD), and NAD(P)H oxidase subunits (p22phox, p47phox) mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in mice. The results showed that PM2.5 exposure could trigger the significant increase of MDA, and induce the decrease of heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) function with a dose–response manner. Meanwhile, abnormal ECG types were monitored in mice after exposure to PM2.5. The expression of cytokines related with oxidative injuries, and mRNA and protein expression of NADPH, increased significantly in ApoE−/− mice in the high-dose group when compared with the dose-matched C57BL6 mice, but no significant difference was observed at Echo. In conclusion, PM2.5 exposure could cause oxidative and ANS injuries, and ApoE−/− mice displayed more severe oxidative effects induced by PM2.5.
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Ngole-Jeme VM. Heavy metals in soils along unpaved roads in south west Cameroon: Contamination levels and health risks. AMBIO 2016; 45:374-386. [PMID: 26578255 PMCID: PMC4815760 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-015-0726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soils enriched with heavy metals from vehicular emission present a significant exposure route of heavy metals to individuals using unpaved roads. This study assessed the extent of Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn contamination of soils along unpaved roads in Cameroon, and the health risks presented by incidental ingestion and dermal contact with the soils using metal contamination factor (CF) pollution load index, hazard quotients (HQ) and chronic hazard index (CHI). CF values obtained (0.9-12.2) indicate moderate to high contamination levels. HQ values for Cr, Cd and Pb exceeded the reference doses. Moderate health hazard exists for road users in the areas with intense anthropogenic activities and high average daily traffic (ADT) volume according to CHI values (1-4) obtained. The economy and quality of life in cities with unpaved roads could be threatened by health challenges resulting from long-term exposure to heavy metal derived from high ADT volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica M Ngole-Jeme
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
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McGuinn LA, Ward-Caviness CK, Neas LM, Schneider A, Diaz-Sanchez D, Cascio WE, Kraus WE, Hauser E, Dowdy E, Haynes C, Chudnovsky A, Koutrakis P, Devlin RB. Association between satellite-based estimates of long-term PM2.5 exposure and coronary artery disease. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 145:9-17. [PMID: 26613345 PMCID: PMC4706491 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have identified associations between long-term PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular events, though most have relied on concentrations from central-site air quality monitors. METHODS We utilized a cohort of 5679 patients who had undergone cardiac catheterization at Duke University between 2002-2009 and resided in North Carolina. We used estimates of daily PM2.5 concentrations for North Carolina during the study period based on satellite derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) measurements and PM2.5 concentrations from ground monitors, which were spatially resolved with a 10×10km resolution, matched to each patient's residential address and averaged for the year prior to catheterization. The Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) index was used to measure severity of CAD; scores >23 represent a hemodynamically significant coronary artery lesion in at least one major coronary vessel. Logistic regression modeled odds of having CAD or an MI with each 1μg/m(3) increase in annual average PM2.5, adjusting for sex, race, smoking status and socioeconomic status. RESULTS In adjusted models, a 1μg/m(3) increase in annual average PM2.5 was associated with an 11.1% relative increase in the odds of significant CAD (95% CI: 4.0-18.6%) and a 14.2% increase in the odds of having a myocardial infarction (MI) within a year prior (95% CI: 3.7-25.8%). CONCLUSIONS Satellite-based estimates of long-term PM2.5 exposure were associated with both coronary artery disease (CAD) and incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in a cohort of cardiac catheterization patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A McGuinn
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Schneider
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - William E Kraus
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Elaine Dowdy
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Carol Haynes
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alexandra Chudnovsky
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Geography and Human Environment, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Wing JJ, Adar SD, Sánchez BN, Morgenstern LB, Smith MA, Lisabeth LD. Ethnic differences in ambient air pollution and risk of acute ischemic stroke. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 143:62-7. [PMID: 26451880 PMCID: PMC4641766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between short-term changes in ambient pollution (particulate matter <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3)) and the risk of ischemic stroke among individuals living in a bi-ethnic community and whether this association is modified by ethnicity. METHODS We identified incident ischemic stroke cases from the population-based Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) project between 2000 and 2012. Associations between PM2.5 (mean 24-h) and O3 (maximal 8-h) levels, measured on the same-day and lags of 1-3 days, and odds of ischemic stroke were assessed using a time-stratified case-crossover design and modeled using conditional logistic regression. We explored race/ethnicity (Mexican American versus non-Hispanic white) as a modifier by including interaction terms in the models. RESULTS There were 2948 ischemic strokes with median age 71 years (IQR: 59-80). We observed no overall associations between the air pollutants and odds of ischemic stroke at any lag. When stratified by ethnicity, higher O3 was consistently associated with greater odds of ischemic stroke for non-Hispanic whites, but not for Mexican Americans. Higher PM2.5 was generally associated with lower odds of ischemic stroke for non-Hispanic whites but modestly greater odds for Mexican Americans. CONCLUSION Ethnic differences in the associations between ischemic stroke and short-term exposures to O3 and PM2.5 were suggested indicating that further study in diverse populations may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Wing
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Lewis B Morgenstern
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Department of Neurology, Stroke Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Melinda A Smith
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Lynda D Lisabeth
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Department of Neurology, Stroke Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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Prueitt RL, Cohen JM, Goodman JE. Evaluation of atherosclerosis as a potential mode of action for cardiovascular effects of particulate matter. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:S1-15. [PMID: 26474868 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology studies have consistently reported associations between PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, but the epidemiology evidence for associations between PM2.5 and subclinical measures of atherosclerosis is unclear. We critically reviewed the experimental studies of PM2.5 and effects associated with acceleration and exacerbation of atherosclerosis and evaluated whether they support a biologically plausible, human-relevant mode of action (MoA) for the associations between PM2.5 exposure and adverse CV outcomes reported in epidemiology studies. We focused on outcomes related to atherosclerotic plaque development, thrombosis, and coagulation, and we examined whether these outcomes were correlated with measures of oxidative stress and systemic or pulmonary inflammation, to evaluate whether these processes are likely to be key early events for atherogenic effects of PM. While the current experimental evidence indicates that the acceleration and exacerbation of atherosclerosis is a biologically plausible MoA in experimental animal models, we found that the human relevance of the key events in the proposed MoA is unclear and not well supported by the existing data. Further studies are needed to fill several important data gaps before the human relevance of this MoA can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Prueitt
- Gradient, 600 Stewart Street, Suite 1900, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - Joel M Cohen
- Gradient, 600 Stewart Street, Suite 1900, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - Julie E Goodman
- Gradient, 20 University Road, Suite 5, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Bangia KS, Symanski E, Strom SS, Bondy M. A cross-sectional analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diesel particulate matter exposures and hypertension among individuals of Mexican origin. Environ Health 2015; 14:51. [PMID: 26068905 PMCID: PMC4471931 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-015-0039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have found that particulate matter is associated with increases in blood pressure. Yet, less is known about the effects of specific sources or constituents of particulate matter, such as diesel particulate matter or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We evaluated associations between self-reported hypertension and residential air levels of diesel particulate matter and PAHs among individuals of Mexican origin living in a large inner city. METHODS The Mano a Mano cohort (established in 2001 by the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center) is comprised of individuals of Mexican origin residing in Houston, Texas. Using geographical information systems, we linked modeled annual estimates of PAHs and diesel particulate matter at the census tract level from the 2002 and 2005 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment to baseline residential addresses of cohort members who enrolled from 2001 to 2003 or 2004 to 2006, respectively. For each enrollment period, we applied mixed-effects logistic regression models to determine associations between diesel particulate matter and PAHs, separately, and self-reported hypertension while adjusting for confounders and the clustering of observations within census tracts and households. RESULTS The study population consisted of 11218 participants of which 77% were women. The mean participant age at baseline was 41 years. Following adjustment for age, there was a dose-dependent, positive association between PAHs and hypertension (medium exposure, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.88-1.36; high exposure, OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01-1.94) for individuals enrolled during 2001-2003; associations were generally similar in magnitude, but less precise, following adjustment for age, gender, smoking, and BMI. No association was detected for the later period. There was no evidence of an association between residential levels of diesel particulate matter and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS This study builds on a limited number of prior investigations of the association between ambient air levels of PAHs or diesel particulate matter and hypertension by focusing on a relatively young cohort of predominantly adult women of Mexican origin. Future analyses are warranted to explore associations in the cohort using incident hypertension when sufficient data become available and to further examine associations between specific chemical constituents of particulate matter and hypertension in this and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal S Bangia
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, 1515 Clay St. Suite 1600, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
| | - Elaine Symanski
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, 1200 Herman Pressler St. Suite W-1028, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Sara S Strom
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1340, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030-4009, USA.
| | - Melissa Bondy
- Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Akintoye E, Shi L, Obaitan I, Olusunmade M, Wang Y, Newman JD, Dodson JA. Association between fine particulate matter exposure and subclinical atherosclerosis: A meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2015; 23:602-12. [PMID: 26025448 DOI: 10.1177/2047487315588758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies in humans that have evaluated the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and atherosclerosis have yielded mixed results. DESIGN In order to further investigate this relationship, we conducted a comprehensive search for studies published through May 2014 and performed a meta-analysis of all available observational studies that investigated the association between PM2.5 and three noninvasive measures of clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis: carotid intima media thickness, arterial calcification, and ankle-brachial index. METHODS AND RESULTS Five reviewers selected studies based on predefined inclusion criteria. Pooled mean change estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects models. Assessment of between-study heterogeneity was performed where the number of studies was adequate. Our pooled sample included 11,947 subjects for carotid intima media thickness estimates, 10,750 for arterial calcification estimates, and 6497 for ankle-brachial index estimates. Per 10 µg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 exposure, carotid intima media thickness increased by 22.52 µm but this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). We did not find similar associations for arterial calcification (p = 0.44) or ankle-brachial index (p = 0.85). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis supports a relationship between PM2.5 and subclinical atherosclerosis measured by carotid intima media thickness. We did not find a similar relationship between PM2.5 and arterial calcification or ankle-brachial index, although the number of studies was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Akintoye
- Master of Public Health Program, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Department of Environmental Health - Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Itegbemie Obaitan
- Master of Public Health Program, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Mayowa Olusunmade
- Master of Public Health Program, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Environmental Health - Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Jonathan D Newman
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - John A Dodson
- Leon H Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
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Kajbafzadeh M, Brauer M, Karlen B, Carlsten C, van Eeden S, Allen RW. The impacts of traffic-related and woodsmoke particulate matter on measures of cardiovascular health: a HEPA filter intervention study. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72:394-400. [PMID: 25896330 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2014-102696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combustion-generated fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity. Both traffic-related air pollution and residential wood combustion may be important, but few studies have compared their impacts. OBJECTIVES To assess and compare effects of traffic-related and woodsmoke PM2.5 on endothelial function and systemic inflammation (C reactive protein, interleukin-6 and band cells) among healthy adults in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, using high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration to introduce indoor PM2.5 exposure gradients. METHODS We recruited 83 healthy adults from 44 homes in traffic-impacted or woodsmoke-impacted areas to participate in this randomised, single-blind cross-over intervention study. PM2.5 concentrations were measured during two consecutive 7-day periods, one with filtration and the other with 'placebo filtration'. Endothelial function and biomarkers of systematic inflammation were measured at the end of each 7-day period. RESULTS HEPA filtration was associated with a 40% decrease in indoor PM2.5 concentrations. There was no relationship between PM2.5 exposure and endothelial function. There was evidence of an association between indoor PM2.5 and C reactive protein among those in traffic-impacted locations (42.1% increase in C reactive protein per IQR increase in indoor PM2.5, 95% CI 1.2% to 99.5%), but not among those in woodsmoke-impacted locations. There were no associations with interleukin-6 or band cells. CONCLUSIONS Evidence of an association between C reactive protein and indoor PM2.5 among healthy adults in traffic-impacted areas is consistent with the hypothesis that traffic-related particles, even at relatively low concentrations, play an important role in the cardiovascular effects of the urban PM mixture. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01570062).
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Kajbafzadeh
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Barbara Karlen
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris Carlsten
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephan van Eeden
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan W Allen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
There is growing evidence of an association between increasing exposure to air pollutants (both short-term and long-term exposures) and elevated risk of mortality and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in certain high-risk populations and throughout different geographic regions. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of air pollutant-induced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are actively being studied, with autonomic system dysregulation and inflammatory pathway activation believed to be among the key culprits. Policy changes at the local and global levels are addressing the need for more stringent air pollution standards. These initiatives are projected to lower costs and improve health outcomes. In this review, we examine some major studies of the cardiovascular health impacts of air pollution.
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Ljungman PL, Wilker EH, Rice MB, Schwartz J, Gold DR, Koutrakis P, Vita JA, Mitchell GF, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Mittleman MA, Hamburg NM. Short-term exposure to air pollution and digital vascular function. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 180:482-9. [PMID: 25100647 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated associations between ambient air pollution and microvessel function measured by peripheral arterial tonometry between 2003 and 2008 in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring and Third Generation Cohorts. We measured particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5), black carbon, sulfates, particle number, nitrogen oxides, and ozone by using fixed monitors, and we determined moving averages for 1-7 days preceding vascular testing. We examined associations between these exposures and hyperemic response to ischemia and baseline pulse amplitude, a measure of arterial tone (n = 2,369). Higher short-term exposure to air pollutants, including PM2.5, black carbon, and particle number was associated with higher baseline pulse amplitude. For example, higher 3-day average PM2.5 exposure was associated with 6.3% higher baseline pulse amplitude (95% confidence interval: 2.0, 10.9). However, there were no consistent associations between the air pollution exposures assessed and hyperemic response. Our findings in a community-based sample exposed to relatively low pollution levels suggest that short-term exposure to ambient particulate pollution is not associated with vasodilator response, but that particulate air pollution is associated with baseline pulse amplitude, suggesting potentially adverse alterations in baseline vascular tone or compliance.
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Gan WQ, Allen RW, Brauer M, Davies HW, Mancini GBJ, Lear SA. Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004743. [PMID: 24710134 PMCID: PMC3987708 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and coronary heart disease (CHD). Atherosclerosis is the principal pathological process responsible for CHD events, but effects of traffic-related air pollution on progression of atherosclerosis are not clear. This study aimed to investigate associations between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis. SETTING Healthy volunteers in metropolitan Vancouver, Canada. PARTICIPANTS AND OUTCOME MEASURES 509 participants aged 30-65 years were recruited and followed for approximately 5 years. At baseline and end of follow-up, participants underwent carotid artery ultrasound examinations to assess atherosclerosis severity, including carotid intima-media thickness, plaque area, plaque number and total area. Annual change of each atherosclerosis marker during the follow-up period was calculated as the difference between these two measurements divided by years of follow-up. Living close to major roads was defined as ≤150 m from a highway or ≤50 m from a major road. Residential exposures to traffic-related air pollutants including black carbon, fine particles, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide were estimated using high-resolution land-use regression models. The data were analysed using general linear models adjusting for various covariates. RESULTS At baseline, there were no significant differences in any atherosclerosis markers between participants living close to and those living away from major roads. After follow-up, the differences in annual changes of these markers between these two groups were small and not statistically significant. Also, no significant associations were observed with concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants including black carbon, fine particles, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide. CONCLUSIONS This study did not find significant associations between traffic-related air pollution and progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis in a region with lower levels and smaller contrasts of ambient air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qi Gan
- Department of Population Health, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York, USA
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Ryan W Allen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hugh W Davies
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G B John Mancini
- Healthy Heart Program, St Paul Hospital, Providence Healthcare, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott A Lear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Changes in traffic exposure and the risk of incident myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality. Epidemiology 2013; 24:734-42. [PMID: 23877047 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0b013e31829d5dae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related exposures, such as air pollution and noise, have been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Few studies, however, have been able to examine the effects of changes in exposure on changes in risk. Our objective was to explore the associations of changes in traffic exposure with changes in risk between 1990 and 2008 in the Nurses' Health Study. METHODS Incident myocardial infarction (MI) and all-cause mortality were prospectively identified. As a proxy for traffic exposure, we calculated residential distance to roads at all residential addresses 1986-2006 and considered addresses to be "close" or "far" based on distance and road type. To examine the effect of changes in exposure, each consecutive pair of addresses was categorized as: (1) consistently close, (2) consistently far, (3) change from close to far, and (4) change from far to close. We also examined the change in NO2 levels between address pairs. RESULTS In time-varying Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for a variety of risk factors, women living at residences consistently close to traffic were at a higher risk of an incident MI (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.22) and a higher risk of all-cause mortality (1.05; 1.00-1.10), compared with those consistently far. The highest risks were seen among women who moved from being far from traffic to close (incident MI: HR = 1.50 [95% CI = 1.11-2.03]; all-cause mortality: HR = 1.17 [95% CI = 1.00-1.37]). Each 1 ppb increase in NO2 compared with the previous address was associated with a HR = 1.22 for incident MI (95% CI = 0.99-1.50) and 1.03 for all-cause mortality (95% CI = 0.92-1.15). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that changes in traffic exposure (measured as roadway proximity or change in NO2 levels) are associated with changes in risk of MI and all-cause mortality.
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Hicken MT, Adar SD, Diez Roux AV, O'Neill MS, Magzamen S, Auchincloss AH, Kaufman JD. Do psychosocial stress and social disadvantage modify the association between air pollution and blood pressure?: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 178:1550-62. [PMID: 24064742 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have theorized that social and psychosocial factors increase vulnerability to the deleterious health effects of environmental hazards. We used baseline examination data (2000-2002) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Participants were 45-84 years of age and free of clinical cardiovascular disease at enrollment (n = 6814). The modifying role of social and psychosocial factors on the association between exposure to air pollution comprising particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and blood pressure measures were examined using linear regression models. There was no evidence of synergistic effects of higher PM2.5 and adverse social/psychosocial factors on blood pressure. In contrast, there was weak evidence of stronger associations of PM2.5 with blood pressure in higher socioeconomic status groups. For example, those in the 10th percentile of the income distribution (i.e., low income) showed no association between PM2.5 and diastolic blood pressure (b = -0.41 mmHg; 95% confidence interval: -1.40, 0.61), whereas those in the 90th percentile of the income distribution (i.e., high income) showed a 1.52-mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure for each 10-µg/m(3) increase in PM2.5 (95% confidence interval: 0.22, 2.83). Our results are not consistent with the hypothesis that there are stronger associations between PM2.5 exposures and blood pressure in persons of lower socioeconomic status or those with greater psychosocial adversity.
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Kalsch H, Hennig F, Moebus S, Mohlenkamp S, Dragano N, Jakobs H, Memmesheimer M, Erbel R, Jockel KH, Hoffmann B, Roggenbuck U, Slomiany U, Beck EM, Offner A, Munkel S, Schrader S, Peter R, Hirche H, Meinertz T, Bode C, deFeyter PJ, Guntert B, Halli T, Gutzwiller F, Heinen H, Hess O, Klein B, Lowel H, Reiser M, Schmidt G, Schwaiger M, Steinmuller C, Theorell T, Willich SN. Are air pollution and traffic noise independently associated with atherosclerosis: the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Eur Heart J 2013; 35:853-60. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Chen T, Jia G, Wei Y, Li J. Beijing ambient particle exposure accelerates atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:146-53. [PMID: 24045146 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is associated with significant adverse health effects including increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However research on the cardiovascular effect of "real-world" exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) in susceptible animal model is very limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between Beijing ambient particle exposure and the atherosclerosis development in the apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE(-/-) mice). METHODS Two parallel exposure chambers were used for whole body exposure among ApoE knockout mice. One of the chambers was supplied with untreated ambient air (PM group) and the other chamber was treated with ambient air filtered by high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter (FA group). Twenty mice were divided into two groups and exposed to ambient PM (n=10 for PM group) or filtered air (n=10 for FA group) for two months from January 18th to March 18th, 2010. During the exposure, the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 in the two chambers were continuously monitored. Additionally, a receptor source apportionment model of chemical mass balance using 19 organic tracers was applied to determine the contributions of sources on the PM2.5 in terms of natural gas, diesel vehicle, gasoline vehicle, coal burning, vegetable debris, biomass burning and cooking. At the end of the two-month exposure, biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid metabolism in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and blood samples were determined and the plaque area on the aortic endothelium was quantified. RESULTS In the experiment, the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in PM chamber were 99.45μg/m(3) and 61.0μg/m(3) respectively, while PM2.5 in FA chamber was 17.6μg/m(3). Source apportionment analysis by organic tracers showed that gasoline vehicle (39.9%) and coal burning (24.3%) emission were the two major sources contributing to the mass concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing. Among the ApoE knockout mice, the PM group were significantly higher than the FA group in terms of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and C-reactive protein as well as TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 in BAL. Also the total antioxidant capacity and oxidized low-density lipoprotein were significantly different between the two groups. In addition, pathological analysis of aortic arch reveals that the plaques area in the PM group increased significantly compared to the FA group. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that ambient PM exposure could induce considerable oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in ApoE knockout mice and contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Wilker EH, Mittleman MA, Coull BA, Gryparis A, Bots ML, Schwartz J, Sparrow D. Long-term exposure to black carbon and carotid intima-media thickness: the normative aging study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:1061-7. [PMID: 23820848 PMCID: PMC3764069 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that air pollution is associated with atherosclerosis and that traffic-related particles are a particularly important contributor to the association. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between long-term exposure to black carbon, a correlate of traffic particles, and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CIMT) in elderly men residing in the greater Boston, Massachusetts, area. METHODS We estimated 1-year average exposures to black carbon at the home addresses of Normative Aging Study participants before their first CIMT measurement. The association between estimated black carbon levels and CIMT was estimated using mixed effects models to account for repeated outcome measures. In secondary analyses, we examined whether living close to a major road or average daily traffic within 100 m of residence was associated with CIMT. RESULTS There were 380 participants (97% self-reported white race) with an initial visit between 2004 and 2008. Two or three follow-up CIMT measurements 1.5 years apart were available for 340 (89%) and 260 (68%) men, respectively. At first examination, the average ± SD age was 76 ± 6.4 years and the mean ± SD CIMT was 0.99 ± 0.18 mm. A one-interquartile range increase in 1-year average black carbon (0.26 µg/m3) was associated with a 1.1% higher CIMT (95% CI: 0.4, 1.7%) based on a fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Annual mean black carbon concentration based on spatially resolved exposure estimates was associated with CIMT in a population of elderly men. These findings support an association between long-term air pollution exposure and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa H Wilker
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Sheng L, Wang X, Sang X, Ze Y, Zhao X, Liu D, Gui S, Sun Q, Cheng J, Cheng Z, Hu R, Wang L, Hong F. Cardiac oxidative damage in mice following exposure to nanoparticulate titanium dioxide. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3238-46. [PMID: 23553934 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticulate titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2 ) is a widely used powerful nanoparticulate material with high stability, anticorrosion, and photocatalytic property. However, it is possible that during nano-TiO2 exposure, there may be negative effects on cardiovascular system in intoxicated mice. The present study was therefore undertaken to determine nano-TiO2 -induced oxidative stress and to determine whether nano-TiO2 intoxication alters the antioxidant system in the mouse heart exposed to 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight nano-TiO2 for 90 consecutive days. The findings showed that long-term exposure to nano-TiO2 resulted in obvious titanium accumulation in heart, in turn led to sparse cardiac muscle fibers, inflammatory response, cell necrosis, and cardiac biochemical dysfunction. Nano-TiO2 exposure promoted remarkably reactive oxygen species production such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and increased malondialdehyde, carbonyl and 8-OHdG levels as degradation products of lipid, protein, and DNA peroxidation in heart. Furthermore, nano-TiO2 exposure attenuated the activities of antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and levels of antioxidants including ascorbic acid, glutathione, and thiol in heart. Therefore, TiO2 NPs exposure may impair cardiovascular system in mice, and attention should be aroused on the application of nano-TiO2 and their potential long-term exposure effects especially on human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sheng
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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