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Musazadeh V, Morovatshoar R, Kavyani Z, Vajdi M, Askari G. Effects of flaxseed supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106868. [PMID: 38971216 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Several studies reported the benefits of flaxseed on inflammatory biomarkers, while others reported conflicting findings. Thus, the aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the impacts of flaxseed on inflammatory biomarkers in adults. Databases including Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences were searched till February 2024. The 54 RCTs were included in the final analysis, which involved 3000 individuals from 12 countries. Overall, the flaxseed supplementation had a significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD = -0.46; 95 % CI: -0.70, -0.23, P < 0.001; I2 = 82.9 %, P < 0.001), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (SMD = -0.64, 95 % CI: -1.13, -0.16, P = 0.010; I2 = 92.7, P < 0.001). Furthermore, flaxseed did not significantly change the concentration of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (SMD = -0.17; 95 % CI: -0.63, 0.29, P = 0.467; I2 = 92, P < 0.001). Flaxseed supplementation significantly decreased serum concentrations of CRP and IL-6, but not TNF-a. Thus, this meta-analysis suggests that the current evidence supports the potential benefits of flaxseed in managing inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reza Morovatshoar
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zeynab Kavyani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahdi Vajdi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Saleem M, Ahmad N. Fluorescence Spectroscopy Based Characterization of Flaxseed Oil. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03684-y. [PMID: 38602591 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy has been employed for the compositional analysis of flaxseed oil, detection of its adulteration and investigation of the thermal effects on its molecular composition. Excitation wavelengths from 320 to 420 nm have been used to explore the valued ingredients in flaxseed oil. The emission bands of flaxseed oil centred at 390, 414, 441, 475, 515 and 673/720 nm represent vitamin K, isomers of vitamin E, carotenoids and chlorophylls, which can be used as a marker for quality analysis. Due to its high quality, it is highly prone to adulteration and in this study, detection of its adulteration with canola oil is demonstrated by applying principal component analysis. Moreover, the effects of temperature on the molecular composition of cold pressed flaxseed oil has been explored by heating them at cooking temperatures of 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170 and 180 °C, each for 30 min. On heating, the deterioration of vitamin E, carotenoids and chlorophylls occurred with an increase in the oxidation products. However, it was found that up to 140 °C, flaxseed oil retains much of its natural composition whereas up to 180 oC, it loses much of its valuable ingredients along with increase of oxidized products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 45650, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Azad Jammu & Kashmir, 10250, Mirpur, Pakistan.
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Boshra SA, Nazeam JA, Esmat A. Flaxseed oil fraction reverses cardiac remodeling at a molecular level: improves cardiac function, decreases apoptosis, and suppresses miRNA-29b and miRNA 1 gene expression. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:6. [PMID: 38167049 PMCID: PMC10759513 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed is an ancient commercial oil that historically has been used as a functional food to lower cholesterol levels. However, despite its longstanding treatment, there is currently a lack of scientific evidence to support its role in the management of cardiac remodeling. This study aimed to address this gap in knowledge by examining the molecular mechanism of standardized flaxseed oil in restoring cardiac remodeling in the heart toxicity vivo model. The oil fraction was purified, and the major components were standardized by qualitative and quantitative analysis. In vivo experimental design was conducted using isoproterenol ISO (85 mg/kg) twice subcutaneously within 24 h between each dose. The rats were treated with flaxseed oil fraction (100 mg/kg orally) and the same dose was used for omega 3 supplement as a positive control group. The GC-MS analysis revealed that α-linolenic acid (24.6%), oleic acid (10.5%), glycerol oleate (9.0%) and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl elaidate (7%) are the major components of oil fraction. Physicochemical analysis indicated that the acidity percentage, saponification, peroxide, and iodine values were 0.43, 188.57, 1.22, and 122.34 respectively. As compared with healthy control, ISO group-induced changes in functional cardiac parameters. After 28-day pretreatment with flaxseed oil, the results indicated an improvement in cardiac function, a decrease in apoptosis, and simultaneous prevention of myocardial fibrosis. The plasma levels of BNP, NT-pro-BNP, endothelin-1, Lp-PLA2, and MMP2, and cTnI and cTn were significantly diminished, while a higher plasma level of Topo 2B was observed. Additionally, miRNA - 1 and 29b were significantly downregulated. These findings provide novel insight into the mechanism of flaxseed oil in restoring cardiac remodeling and support its future application as a cardioprotective against heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia A Boshra
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Jilan A Nazeam
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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Tanideh N, Daneshmand F, Karimimanesh M, Mottaghipisheh J, Koohpeyma F, Koohi-Hosseinabadi O, Tanideh R, Irajie C, Iraji A. Hydroalcoholic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root combined with Linum usitatissimum oil as an alternative for hormone replacement therapy in ovariectomized rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15557. [PMID: 37144184 PMCID: PMC10151376 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Plant-derived estrogens (phytoestrogens) with structural similarity to primary female sex hormones could be suitable replacements for sex hormones. Therefore, the effects of the licorice root extract and Linum usitatissimum oil on biochemical and hormonal indices in the serum and uterine stereological changes in ovariectomized rats were evaluated. Design In this study, 70 adult female rats were randomly divided into seven groups including 1) control group, 2) sham-operated group, 3) ovariectomized (OVX) group, 4) OVX rats that received 1 mg/kg estradiol for 8 weeks at the day of post-operation, 5) OVX rats which received 2.0 mg/kg body wt Linum usitatissimum oil for 8 weeks at the day of post-operation, 6) OVX rats which received 2.0 mg/kg body wt licorice extract for 8 weeks at the day of post-operation, and 7) OVX rats which received 2.0 mg/kg body wt Linum usitatissimum oil + 2.0 mg/kg body wt licorice extract for 8 weeks at the day of post-operation. After eight weeks, alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as calcium, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations were assessed and tissue samples of the uterus were serologically examined. Results The results indicated that after 8 weeks of OVX the alkaline phosphatase activity (Mean = 637.7 IU/L) increased and the calcium (Mean = 7.09 mg/dl), estradiol (5.30 pmol/L), and progesterone (Mean = 3.53 nmol/L) reduced compared to other groups. Moreover, stereological changes in the uterus in ovariectomy groups were seen compared to the other groups. The treatment with Linum usitatissimum oil and licorice extract had a significant therapeutic effect on biochemical factors and stereological changes compared to the ovariectomized group. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the combination of Linum usitatissimum oil with licorice extract showed the high potential of hormone replacement therapy in the reduction of OVX complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Javad Mottaghipisheh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Koohi-Hosseinabadi
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Romina Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cambyz Irajie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Corresponding author. Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Eslami Z, Moghanlou AE, Kandi YMP, Arabi MS, Norouzi A, Joshaghani H. Atorvastatin and Flaxseed Effects on Biochemical Indices and Hepatic Fat of NAFLD Model in Rats. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:98. [PMID: 37288026 PMCID: PMC10241636 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_21_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of chronic liver disease that affects about 25% of the general population. No definitive treatment for NAFLD has been identified yet. The aim was to determine the effect of atorvastatin (ATO) and flaxseed on related indicators of NAFLD-induced fat/fructose-enriched diet (FFD). Materials and Methods Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. NAFLD groups received FFD and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to induce NAFLD. After intervention with ATO (10 mg/kg/day) and/or flaxseed (7.5 g/kg/day), liver enzymes and lipid profiles in serum were determined at eight week of interventions. Results Triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (CHO) in FFD + ATO, FFD + flaxseed, and FFD + ATO + flaxseed had a significant decrease and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level and LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio showed a significant increase in the FFD + flaxseed compared to the FFD. The levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were significantly reduced in the FFD + ATO, FFD + flaxseed, and the FFD + ATO + flaxseed. In addition, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were significantly different between normal and FFD. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were significantly different in the FFD + flaxseed and the FFD + ATO + flaxseed compared to the FFD. Conclusion ATO therapy along with flaxseed controls NAFLD-related indices and FBS. Therefore, it can be stated with caution that ATO and flaxseed can be used to improve lipid profile and reduce the complications of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Eslami
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan Province, Iran
| | | | - Yahya M.N. P. Kandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Islamshahr, Iran
| | - Mehdi S. Arabi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Norouzi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Joshaghani
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Fatty Acid Composition of Pseudocereals and Seeds Used as Functional Food Ingredients. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010217. [PMID: 36676166 PMCID: PMC9863612 DOI: 10.3390/life13010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, the popularity of seeds, other than cereals, in the diet has systematically grown. The fat contained in these products significantly affects their energy value as well as their biological and physicochemical properties, including their susceptibility to oxidation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the fat concentration and fatty acid (FA) composition of popular non-spice seeds used in food as a substitute for cereals or a functional additive. The research material consisted of thirteen groups of seeds derived from the following plants: amaranth, blue poppy, buckwheat, chia, flax, hemp, canihua, milk thistle, pumpkin, plantago, quinoa, sesame, and sunflower. The fat contents and fatty acid profiles differed significantly between the tested products and were dependent on the plant species. In all products, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, 40-80% of total FAs) dominated. Linoleic acid was the main FAs in most tested seeds. The exceptions were chia and flax seeds, which were characterized by very high contents of α-linolenic acid, respectively, 62.0 and 51.4% of the total FAs. The share of monounsaturated FAs (mainly oleic acid) in the total FAs content was between 6 and 40%. All tested seeds (especially flax, chia, and hemp) have favorable values for their indexes of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity as well as the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio.
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Zhang Y, Zhang A, Wang L, Yang T, Dong B, Wang Z, Bi Y, Chen G, Chang G. Metabolomics and Proteomics Characterizing Hepatic Reactions to Dietary Linseed Oil in Duck. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415690. [PMID: 36555340 PMCID: PMC9778787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The imbalance in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition in human food is ubiquitous and closely related to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The development of n-3 PUFA-enriched poultry products is of great significance for optimizing fatty acid composition. This study aimed to improve our understanding of the effects of dietary linseed oil on hepatic metabolism using untargeted metabolomics and 4D label-free proteome analysis. A total of 91 metabolites and 63 proteins showed differences in abundance in duck livers between the high linseed oil and control groups. Pathway analysis revealed that the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, glycerophospholipid, and pyrimidine metabolisms were significantly enriched in ducks fed with linseed oil. Meanwhile, dietary linseed oil changed liver fatty acid composition, which was reflected in the increase in the abundance of downstream metabolites, such as α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) as a substrate, including n-3 PUFA and its related glycerophospholipids, and a decrease in downstream n-6 PUFA synthesis using linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) as a substrate. Moreover, the anabolism of PUFA in duck livers showed substrate-dependent effects, and the expression of related proteins in the process of fatty acid anabolism, such as FADS2, LPIN2, and PLA2G4A, were significantly regulated by linseed oil. Collectively, our work highlights the ALA substrate dependence during n-3 PUFA synthesis in duck livers. The present study expands our knowledge of the process products of PUFA metabolism and provides some potential biomarkers for liver health.
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Wang L, Dong B, Yang T, Zhang A, Hu X, Wang Z, Chang G, Chen G. Dietary linseed oil affects the polyunsaturated fatty acid and transcriptome profiles in the livers and breast muscles of ducks. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1030712. [PMID: 36386908 PMCID: PMC9650093 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Linseed oil, an important source of dietary α-linolenic acid, is used to provide meat enriched in n-3 PUFA. We investigated the effects of dietary linseed oil (0, 0.5, 1, and 2%) on growth performance, meat quality, tissue fatty acid (FA), and transcriptome profiles in ducks. The result showed that dietary linseed oil had no effect on growth performance. Increasing dietary linseed oil enrichment raised n-3 PUFA and linoleic acid (LA) levels in both the liver and breast muscle, but decreased dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels in the liver. The liver n-3 PUFA content was negatively correlated with duck body weight. Transcriptome analysis showed that dietary linseed oil caused hepatic changes in genes (SCD, FADS1, FADS2, and ACOT6) related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Besides, dietary linseed oil also affected the expression of genes related to PUFAs and downstream metabolites (such as linoleic acid, steroid hormone, progesterone, etc.) metabolic pathways in both liver and breast muscle. Key genes involved in PUFA synthesis and transport pathways were examined by RT-qPCR, and the results verified that hepatic expression levels of FADS1 and FADS2 decreased, and those of FABP4 and FABP5 increased when 2% linseed oil was added. CD36 expression level increased in breast muscle when 2% linseed oil was added. Thus, 2% dietary linseed oil supplementation produces n-3 PUFA-enriched duck products by regulating the PUFA metabolic pathways, which could be advantageous for health-conscious consumers.
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Khandouzi N, Zahedmehr A, Firoozi A, Nasrollahzadehp J. Effects of flaxseed consumption on plasma lipids, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 activity and gut microbiota composition in patients with coronary artery disease. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221091016. [PMID: 35382631 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221091016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated possible beneficial effects of flaxseed on cardiovascular disease risk factors, but limited studies have evaluated the effects of flaxseed on the plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and gut microbial composition in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Aim: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of flaxseed consumption on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, Lp-PLA2 activity, as well as the relative abundance of some gut microbiota in CAD patients. Methods: In a randomized controlled parallel trial, 50 patients with CAD were randomly allocated to 12 weeks of supplementation of flaxseed (30 g/day) or control (usual care). Before and after the intervention, plasma lipids, Lp-PLA2 activity, and some gut microbiota composition (4 different bacterial genera, including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes) were measured. Results: Compared to control, flaxseed consumption was associated with improved Lp-PLA2 activity. After 12 weeks of intervention, no significant changes were observed in plasma lipids and fecal microbial composition in the two study groups. Conclusion: The present study showed that in patients with CAD, flaxseed supplementation reduced plasma Lp-PLA2 activity but had no effect on plasma lipids and the composition of some intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Khandouzi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, 226734National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Hafezi St, Farahzadi Blvd., Qods Town, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zahedmehr
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, 158776Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Niyayesh Intersection., Valiasr St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Firoozi
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, 158776Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Niyayesh Intersection., Valiasr St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadehp
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, 226734National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Hafezi St, Farahzadi Blvd., Qods Town, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, 48486Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Hafezi St, Farahzadi Blvd., Qods Town, Tehran, Iran
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Lun YZ, Qiu W, Zhao W, Lin H, Zhong M, Sun J. Characteristics of Intestinal Flora in Pregnant Women with Mild Thalassemia Revealed by Metagenomics. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021; 14. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.119925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: At present, there is no report that the intestinal flora of pregnant women with mild thalassemia is different from that of healthy pregnant women. Objectives: This study compared the composition and changes of the intestinal flora of pregnant women with mild thalassemia to those of healthy pregnant women using metagenomic sequencing technology and evaluated the potential microecological risk for pregnant women and the fetus. Methods: The present study was carried out on 14 mild thalassemia pregnant women with similar backgrounds in the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Fujian, China. In the same period, 6 healthy pregnant women were selected as the control group. The genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from the sable stool samples of pregnant women. Illumina HiSeq sequencing technology was adopted after library preparation. Prodigal software (ver 2.6.3), Salmon software (ver 1.6.0), and Kraken software (ver 2) were used to analyze the sequence data. Moreover, analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple-comparison test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used as statistical methods. Results: The characteristics of the intestinal flora of pregnant women with mild thalassemia differed significantly from those of healthy pregnant women, showing an increase in some conditionally pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Prevotella stercorea rose and Escherichia coli) and a decrease in some probiotic bacteria, which might affect pregnant women and cause physiological function damage to their offspring by changing metabolic pathways; however, further validation is needed. Conclusions: The diversity and composition of intestinal flora in pregnant women with mild thalassemia vary significantly from those in healthy pregnant women, especially at the genus and species levels, representing more profound alterations in intestinal microecology.
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Novel trends and opportunities for microencapsulation of flaxseed oil in foods: A review. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Dybka-Stępień K, Otlewska A, Góźdź P, Piotrowska M. The Renaissance of Plant Mucilage in Health Promotion and Industrial Applications: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103354. [PMID: 34684354 PMCID: PMC8539170 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant mucilage is a renewable and cost-effective source of plant-based compounds that are biologically active, biodegradable, biocompatible, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly. Until recently, plant mucilage has been of interest mostly for technological purposes. This review examined both its traditional uses and potential modern applications in a new generation of health-promoting foods, as well as in cosmetics and biomaterials. We explored the nutritional, phytochemical, and pharmacological richness of plant mucilage, with a particular focus on its biological activity. We also highlighted areas where more research is needed in order to understand the full commercial potential of plant mucilage.
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Prasad K. Current Status of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Angiol 2021; 30:177-186. [PMID: 34776817 PMCID: PMC8580611 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty percent of all death from cardiovascular diseases is due to coronary artery disease (CAD). This is avoidable if early identification is made. Preventive health care has a major role in the fight against CAD. Atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic plaque rupture are involved in the development of CAD. Modifiable risk factors for CAD are dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, cigarette smoking, obesity, chronic renal disease, chronic infection, high C-reactive protein, and hyperhomocysteinemia. CAD can be prevented by modification of risk factors. This paper defines the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of CAD. It discusses the mechanism of risk factor-induced atherosclerosis. This paper describes the CAD risk score and its use in the selection of individuals for primary prevention of CAD. Guidelines for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of CAD have been described. Modification of risk factors and use of guidelines for prevention of CAD would prevent, regress, and slow down the progression of CAD, improve the quality of life of patient, and reduce the health care cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Mazzocchi A, De Cosmi V, Risé P, Milani GP, Turolo S, Syrén ML, Sala A, Agostoni C. Bioactive Compounds in Edible Oils and Their Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:659551. [PMID: 33995124 PMCID: PMC8119658 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.659551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and inflammatory response are recognized as strictly related, and interest in exploring the potential of edible fats and oils for health and chronic diseases is emerging worldwide. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in fish oil (FO), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may be partly converted into oxygenated bioactive lipids with anti-inflammatory and/or pro-resolving activities. Moreover, the co-presence of phenolic compounds and vitamins in edible oils may prevent the development of chronic diseases by their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. Finally, a high content in mono-unsaturated fatty acids may improve the serum lipid profile and decrease the alterations caused by the oxidized low-density lipoproteins and free radicals. The present review aims to highlight the role of lipids and other bioactive compounds contained in edible oils on oxidative stress and inflammation, focusing on critical and controversial issues that recently emerged, and pointing to the opposing role often played by edible oils components and their oxidized metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina De Cosmi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Risé
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Turolo
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marie-Louise Syrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Sala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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15
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Liu S, Wang X, Li Y, Shi B, Guo X, Zhao Y, Yan S. Flaxseed Oil and Heated Flaxseed Supplements Have Different Effects on Lipid Deposition and Ileal Microbiota in Albas Cashmere Goats. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030790. [PMID: 33809169 PMCID: PMC8000257 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With the grassland desertification intensified, pasture carrying capacity decreased, and grass seasonal changed, stall-feeding fattening has become an effective means to protect the natural environment. The stall-feeding fattening increased the cashmere goats’ weight but reduced the meat quality and increased the saturated fatty acids content in muscle and fat tissue of cashmere goats. Supplementing flaxseed and flaxseed oil rich-in linolenic acid (ALA) to diet to improve meat quality is an effective nutritional regulation means. Previous research results of our team showed that compared to diet supplemented with flaxseed oil, added flaxseed increased linoleic acid biohydrogenation by reducing the Ruminobacter relative abundance and increasing the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and Fretibacterium in rumen, protected ALA away from biohydrogenation, and more n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids entered the post-intestinal tract. Based on the previous research, this study explored whether the ALA flowing into the posterior intestine can reduce fat deposition and blood lipid by affecting intestinal microbiota. The results showed that adding flaxseed grain to diet decreased the growth performance, lipid deposition, and blood lipid content of goats by regulating the blood lipid-related enzyme activity, which positively associated with [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group, but negatively associated with unclassified_f_Peptostreptococcaceae, Intestinibacter, and Ruminococcus_2. Abstract The present study investigated the effect of flaxseed grain or flaxseed oil on ileal microbiota and lipid deposition of cashmere goats. Sixty kid goats (average body weight 18.6 ± 0.1 kg) were allocated to three treatments, fed for 90 days, with control treatment: basal diet (CON, total-mixed ration), experimental treatment: basal diet with added flaxseed oil (LNO), experimental treatment: basal diet with added heated flaxseed grain (HLS). The final body weight, body weight gain, the weight of kidney fat, omental fat, tail fat, and fat tissue, the activity of fatty acid synthetase, acetyl-coa carboxylase, and malic dehydrogenase, and the relative abundance (RA) of unclassified_f_Peptostreptococcaceae and Intestinibacter were remarkably higher in the LNO treatment than in the HLS treatment, but the [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group RA showed the opposite result. The content of triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the CON and LNO treatments than in the HLS treatment, while the hormone-sensitive lipase activity and the non-esterified fatty acid content showed the opposite result. In conclusion, the flaxseed grain is more efficient than flaxseed oil in ameliorating the blood lipid profiles and it is a potential product for decreasing the lipid deposition of cashmere goats.
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16
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Bujok J, Miśta D, Wincewicz E, Króliczewska B, Dzimira S, Żuk M. Atherosclerosis Development and Aortic Contractility in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits Supplemented with Two Different Flaxseed Varieties. Foods 2021; 10:534. [PMID: 33806676 PMCID: PMC8001360 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is widely regarded as the main beneficial component of flax for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the effect of the transgenic flaxseed W86-which is rich in ALA-on the lipid profile, atherosclerosis progression, and vascular reactivity in hypercholesterolemic rabbits compared to the parental cultivar Linola with a very low ALA content. Rabbits were fed a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol, 1% cholesterol and 10% flaxseed W86, or 1% cholesterol and 10% Linola flaxseed. A high-cholesterol diet resulted in an elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to the control animals. Aortic sections from rabbits fed Linola had lower deposits of foamy cells than those from rabbits fed W86. A potassium-induced and phenylephrine-induced contractile response was enhanced by a high-cholesterol diet and not influenced by the W86 or Linola flaxseed. Pretreatment of the aortic rings with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester resulted in a concentration-dependent tendency to increase the reaction amplitude in the control and high-cholesterol diet groups but not the flaxseed groups. Linola flaxseed with a low ALA content more effectively reduced the atherosclerosis progression compared with the W86 flaxseed with a high concentration of stable ALA. Aorta contractility studies suggested that flaxseed ameliorated an increased contractility in hypercholesterolemia but had little or no impact on NO synthesis in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Bujok
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Dorota Miśta
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Edyta Wincewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Bożena Króliczewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Stanisław Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Żuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland;
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17
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Yari Z, Naser-Nakhaee Z, Karimi‐Shahrbabak E, Cheraghpour M, Hedayati M, Mohaghegh SM, Ommi S, Hekmatdoost A. Combination therapy of flaxseed and hesperidin enhances the effectiveness of lifestyle modification in cardiovascular risk control in prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:3. [PMID: 33402222 PMCID: PMC7786892 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regarding the increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic abnormalities, and its association with non-communicable chronic diseases, providing preventive and therapeutic strategies is a priority. A randomized placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the effects of combination therapy of milled brown flaxseed and hesperidin during lifestyle intervention on controlling cardiovascular risk in prediabetes. METHODS A total of forty-eight subjects were randomly assigned to receive lifestyle intervention plus combination therapy of brown flaxseed (30 g milled) and hesperidin (two 500 mg capsules) or lifestyle modification alone for 12 weeks. Changes from baseline in anthropometric measures, lipid profile and atherogenic indices, glucose homeostasis parameters, and inflammatory biomarkers was assessed as a primary end point. RESULTS Anthropometric data comparison between the two groups showed a significant reduction in weight (p = 0.048). Waist circumference reduction was about twice that of the control group (- 6.75 cm vs - 3.57 cm), but this difference was not statistically significant. Comparison of blood pressure changes throughout the study indicated a greater reduction in blood pressure in the intervention group rather than control group (- 5.66 vs. - 1.56 mmHg, P = 0.049). Improvements of lipid profile and atherogenic indices, glucose homeostasis parameters, and inflammatory biomarkers in flaxseed-hesperidin group was significantly more than the control group after 12 weeks of intervention (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that co-administration of flaxseed and hesperidin as an adjunct to lifestyle modification program is more effective than lifestyle modification alone in the metabolic abnormalities remission of prediabetic patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03737422. Registered 11 November 2018. Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT03737422&cntry=&state=&city=&dist= .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Naser-Nakhaee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Makan Cheraghpour
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Marjan Mohaghegh
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ommi
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Zhao C, Li S, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhang L, Zhao F, Du X, Hou J, Zhang T, Shi C, Wang P, Huo R, Woodman OL, Qin CX, Xu H, Huang L. Current state and future perspective of cardiovascular medicines derived from natural products. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107698. [PMID: 33039419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of natural products (NPs) to cardiovascular medicine has been extensively documented, and many have been used for centuries. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past 40 years, approximately 50% of newly developed cardiovascular drugs were based on NPs, suggesting that NPs provide essential skeletal structures for the discovery of novel medicines. After a period of lower productivity since the 1990s, NPs have recently regained scientific and commercial attention, leveraging the wealth of knowledge provided by multi-omics, combinatorial biosynthesis, synthetic biology, integrative pharmacology, analytical and computational technologies. In addition, as a crucial part of complementary and alternative medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine has increasingly drawn attention as an important source of NPs for cardiovascular drug discovery. Given their structural diversity and biological activity NPs are one of the most valuable sources of drugs and drug leads. In this review, we briefly described the characteristics and classification of NPs in CVDs. Then, we provide an up to date summary on the therapeutic potential and the underlying mechanisms of action of NPs in CVDs, and the current view and future prospect of developing safer and more effective cardiovascular drugs based on NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Sen Li
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanyun Huang
- Biology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States of America
| | - Luoqi Zhang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xia Du
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Jinli Hou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chenjing Shi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ruili Huo
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Owen L Woodman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3800, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China; Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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19
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Healthcare Cost Implications of Utilizing a Dietary Intervention to Lower LDL Cholesterol: Proof of Concept Actuarial Analysis and Recommendations. Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:138. [PMID: 32910320 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-01397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To determine if subsidizing the cost of a food-based intervention for managing hyperlipidemia could be cost-effective under commercial insurance and/or Medicare coverage scenarios. RECENT FINDINGS A large number of patients eligible for pharmaceutical treatment of hyperlipidemia either cannot or will not use lipid lowering drugs, leaving them at increased cardiovascular risk. Lipid levels can be modified by diet, but food has never enjoyed covered benefit status. We evaluated the financial implications of providing insurance coverage for a specifically formulated suite of food products previously documented to yield statistically significant lipid reductions, using multiple product uptake and lipid impact scenarios in both commercially covered and Medicare-covered populations. Even after controlling for multiple confounders, we noted positive payback on subsidizing the cost of lipid-lowering foods under all scenarios. Addressing a root cause of hyperlipidemia by directly encouraging dietary modification provides a cost-effective alternative for cholesterol management, especially for statin intolerant or statin unwilling patients.
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20
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Leonberg-Yoo AK, Johnson D, Persun N, Bahrainwala J, Reese PP, Naji A, Trofe-Clark J. Use of Dietary Supplements in Living Kidney Donors: A Critical Review. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 76:851-860. [PMID: 32659245 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplement use is high among US adults, with the intention by users to promote overall health and wellness. Kidney donors, who are selected based on their overall good health and wellness, can have high utilization rates of dietary supplements. We provide a framework for the evaluation of living kidney donors and use of dietary supplements. In this review, dietary supplements will include any orally administered dietary or complementary nutritional products, but excluding micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), food, and cannabis. Use of dietary supplements can influence metabolic parameters that mask future risk for chronic illness such as diabetes and hypertension. Dietary supplements can also alter bleeding risk, anesthesia and analgesic efficacy, and safety in a perioperative period. Finally, postdonation monitoring of kidney function and risk for supplement-related nephrotoxicity should be part of a kidney donor educational process. For practitioners evaluating a potential kidney donor, we provide a list of the most commonly used herbal supplements and the effects on evaluation in a predonation, perioperative donation, and postoperative donation phase. Finally, we provide recommendations for best practices for integration into a comprehensive care plan for kidney donors during all stages of evaluation. We recommend avoidance of dietary supplements in a kidney donor population, although there is a paucity of data that identifies true harm. Rather, associations, known mechanisms of action, and common sense suggest that we avoid use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Leonberg-Yoo
- Renal-Electrolyte & Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Penn Medicine Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David Johnson
- Penn Medicine Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pharmacy Services, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Boston, MA
| | - Nicole Persun
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pharmacy, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jehan Bahrainwala
- Renal-Electrolyte & Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Penn Medicine Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Peter P Reese
- Renal-Electrolyte & Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Penn Medicine Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ali Naji
- Penn Medicine Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jennifer Trofe-Clark
- Renal-Electrolyte & Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Penn Medicine Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pharmacy Services, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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21
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Fabian CJ, Khan SA, Garber JE, Dooley WC, Yee LD, Klemp JR, Nydegger JL, Powers KR, Kreutzjans AL, Zalles CM, Metheny T, Phillips TA, Hu J, Koestler DC, Chalise P, Yellapu NK, Jernigan C, Petroff BK, Hursting SD, Kimler BF. Randomized Phase IIB Trial of the Lignan Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside in Premenopausal Women at Increased Risk for Development of Breast Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:623-634. [PMID: 32312713 PMCID: PMC7335358 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a multiinstitutional, placebo-controlled phase IIB trial of the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) found in flaxseed. Benign breast tissue was acquired by random periareolar fine needle aspiration (RPFNA) from premenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer. Those with hyperplasia and ≥2% Ki-67 positive cells were eligible for randomization 2:1 to 50 mg SDG/day (Brevail) versus placebo for 12 months with repeat bio-specimen acquisition. The primary endpoint was difference in change in Ki-67 between randomization groups. A total of 180 women were randomized, with 152 ultimately evaluable for the primary endpoint. Median baseline Ki-67 was 4.1% with no difference between arms. Median Ki-67 change was -1.8% in the SDG arm (P = 0.001) and -1.2% for placebo (P = 0.034); with no significant difference between arms. As menstrual cycle phase affects proliferation, secondary analysis was performed for 117 women who by progesterone levels were in the same phase of the menstrual cycle at baseline and off-study tissue sampling. The significant Ki-67 decrease persisted for SDG (median = -2.2%; P = 0.002) but not placebo (median = -1.0%). qRT-PCR was performed on 77 pairs of tissue specimens. Twenty-two had significant ERα gene expression changes (<0.5 or >2.0) with 7 of 10 increases in placebo and 10 of 12 decreases for SDG (P = 0.028), and a difference between arms (P = 0.017). Adverse event incidence was similar in both groups, with no evidence that 50 mg/day SDG is harmful. Although the proliferation biomarker analysis showed no difference between the treatment group and the placebo, the trial demonstrated use of SDG is tolerable and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol J Fabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | | | - William C Dooley
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Jennifer R Klemp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jennifer L Nydegger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kandy R Powers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Amy L Kreutzjans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Carola M Zalles
- Department of Pathology, Boca Raton Hospital, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - Trina Metheny
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Teresa A Phillips
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jinxiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Prabhakar Chalise
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Nanda Kumar Yellapu
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Cheryl Jernigan
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Brian K Petroff
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bruce F Kimler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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22
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Shayan M, Kamalian S, Sahebkar A, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Flaxseed for Health and Disease: Review of Clinical Trials. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 23:699-722. [PMID: 32436825 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200521121708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) is an oil-based seed that contains high amounts of alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, lignans, fiber and many other bioactive components which is suggested for a healthier life. Nowadays, flaxseed is known as a remarkable functional food with different health benefits for humans and protects against cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity and altogether metabolic syndrome. METHODS To review the bioactive components of flaxseed and their potential health effects, PubMed and Scopus were searched from commencement to July 2019. Keywords including: "flaxseed", "Linum usitatissimum", "metabolic syndrome", "obesity", "inflammation", "insulin resistance", "diabetes", "hyperlipidemia" and "menopause" were searched in the databases with varying combinations. CONCLUSION Consumption of flaxseed in different forms has valuable effects and protects against cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, inflammation and some other complications. Flaxseed can serve as a promising candidate for the management of metabolic syndrome to control blood lipid levels, fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, body weight, waist circumference, body mass and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mersedeh Shayan
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safa Kamalian
- Departments of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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23
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Hadi A, Askarpour M, Ziaei R, Venkatakrishnan K, Ghaedi E, Ghavami A. Impact of flaxseed supplementation on plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1599-1608. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA Tehran Iran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Rahele Ziaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC)Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
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24
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Askarpour M, Karimi M, Hadi A, Ghaedi E, Symonds ME, Miraghajani M, Javadian P. Effect of flaxseed supplementation on markers of inflammation and endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2020; 126:154922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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The effect of native and denaturated flaxseed meal extract on physiochemical properties of low fat mayonnaises. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
A wide variety of plant species provide edible seeds. Seeds are the dominant source of human calories and protein. The most important and popular seed food sources are cereals, followed by legumes and nuts. Their nutritional content of fiber, protein, and monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fats make them extremely nutritious. They are important additions to our daily food consumption. When consumed as part of a healthy diet, seeds can help reduce blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure.
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Andjic M, Draginic N, Radoman K, Jeremic J, Turnic TN, Srejovic I, Zivkovic V, Kovacevic M, Bolevich S, Jakovljevic V. Flaxseed and evening primrose oil slightly affect systolic and diastolic function of isolated heart in male but not in female rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 91:99-107. [PMID: 31699009 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Considering that sex related differences in cardiac response to flaxseed (FSO) and evening primrose oil (EPO) are insufficiently known present investigation assessed the effect of these two oils, on the cardiac function of isolated rat hearts and the possible role of sex in this. The present study was carried out on 60 adult male Wistar albino rats randomly divided into 6 groups: male rats treated with EPO, dose of 10 mg/kg/day; female rats treated with EPO, dose of 10 mg/kg/day; male rats treated with FSO, dose of 300 mg/kg/day; female rats treated with FSO, dose of 300 mg/kg/day; control group of female rats treated with regular laboratory diet for animals; control group of male rats treated with regular laboratory diet for animals. Using the Langendorff technique, markers of the heart function were evaluated: the maximum and minimum rates of pressure development in the left ventricle (LV; dP/dtmax, dP/dtmin), systolic and diastolic left ventricular pressure (SLVP, DLVP, respectively), heart rate (HR) and coronary flow (CF). Male rats treated with EPO had significantly higher (p = 0.016) mean values of dP/dtmax, dP/dtmin, SLVP and DLVP (average increase for all CPPs 20%, 25%, 30% and 110%, respectively), compared to the group of male rats treated with FSO (p = 0.914). Our study results indicate that both types of PUFA oils only slightly changed the function of the isolated rat heart in male but not in female rats. Nevertheless, the difference between oil treatments was found in male rats who had stronger cardiac response after supplementation with EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Andjic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Draginic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Jovana Jeremic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Kovacevic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Department of Human Pathology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Kragujevac, Serbia.,1 Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Department of Human Pathology, Moscow, Russia
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Serson W, Armstrong P, Maghirang E, AL‐Bakri A, Phillips T, AL‐Amery M, Su K, Hildebrand D. Development of Whole and Ground Seed Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy Calibrations for Oil, Protein, Moisture, and Fatty Acids inSalvia hispanica. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Serson
- Department of BiologyAve Maria University Ave Maria FL 34142 USA
| | | | | | - Ahmed AL‐Bakri
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - Timothy Phillips
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - Maythem AL‐Amery
- Department of Biology, College of Science for WomenUniversity of Baghdad Baghdad 10011 Iraq
| | - Kai Su
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - David Hildebrand
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 USA
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De Silva SF, Alcorn J. Flaxseed Lignans as Important Dietary Polyphenols for Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E68. [PMID: 31060335 PMCID: PMC6630319 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer causes considerable morbidity and mortality across the world. Socioeconomic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contribute to the increasing cancer prevalence, bespeaking a need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Phytochemicals like plant polyphenols are generally considered to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects, which explain their promotion for human health. The past several decades have contributed to a growing evidence base in the literature that demonstrate ability of polyphenols to modulate multiple targets of carcinogenesis linking models of cancer characteristics (i.e., hallmarks and nutraceutical-based targeting of cancer) via direct or indirect interaction or modulation of cellular and molecular targets. This evidence is particularly relevant for the lignans, an ubiquitous, important class of dietary polyphenols present in high levels in food sources such as flaxseed. Literature evidence on lignans suggests potential benefit in cancer prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the relevant chemical and pharmacokinetic properties of dietary polyphenols and specifically focuses on the biological targets of flaxseed lignans. The consolidation of the considerable body of data on the diverse targets of the lignans will aid continued research into their potential for use in combination with other cancer chemotherapies, utilizing flaxseed lignan-enriched natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Franklyn De Silva
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (SK), S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Jane Alcorn
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (SK), S7N 2Z4, Canada.
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Ungerfeld EM, Aedo MF, Martínez ED, Saldivia M. Inhibiting Methanogenesis in Rumen Batch Cultures Did Not Increase the Recovery of Metabolic Hydrogen in Microbial Amino Acids. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E115. [PMID: 31035537 PMCID: PMC6560395 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an interest in controlling rumen methanogenesis as an opportunity to both decrease the emissions of greenhouse gases and improve the energy efficiency of rumen fermentation. However, the effects of inhibiting rumen methanogenesis on fermentation are incompletely understood even in in vitro rumen cultures, as the recovery of metabolic hydrogen ([H]) in the main fermentation products consistently decreases with methanogenesis inhibition, evidencing the existence of unaccounted [H] sinks. We hypothesized that inhibiting methanogenesis in rumen batch cultures would redirect [H] towards microbial amino acids (AA) biosynthesis as an alternative [H] sink to methane (CH4). The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of eight inhibitors of methanogenesis on digestion, fermentation and the production of microbial biomass and AA in rumen batch cultures growing on cellulose. Changes in the microbial community composition were also studied using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Inhibiting methanogenesis did not cause consistent changes in fermentation or the profile of AA, although the effects caused by the different inhibitors generally associated with the changes in the microbial community that they induced. Under the conditions of this experiment, inhibiting methanogenesis did not increase the importance of microbial AA synthesis as a [H] sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Temuco 4880000, Chile.
| | - M Fernanda Aedo
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Temuco 4880000, Chile.
| | - Emilio D Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Marcelo Saldivia
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
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Kumar F, Tyagi PK, Mir NA, Tyagi PK, Dev K, Bera I, Biswas AK, Sharma D, Mandal AB, Deo C. Role of Flaxseed Meal Feeding for Different Durations in the Lipid Deposition and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faneshwar Kumar
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Praveen K. Tyagi
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Nasir Akbar Mir
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Pramod K. Tyagi
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Indrajit Bera
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Ashim K. Biswas
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Asit Baran Mandal
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
| | - Chandra Deo
- Avian Nutrition & Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh, 243122 India
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Wissam Z, Samer H. Encapsulation of flaxseed oil extract in alginate-salep system by ionic gelation. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000200261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zam Wissam
- Al-Andalus University for Medical University, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Housheh Samer
- Al-Andalus University for Medical University, Syrian Arab Republic
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de Lamo B, Gómez M. Bread Enrichment with Oilseeds. A Review. Foods 2018; 7:E191. [PMID: 30463385 PMCID: PMC6262637 DOI: 10.3390/foods7110191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of oilseeds in bakery products has gained popularity in recent years, both for their organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of the studies centered on the use of oilseeds (flaxseed, chia, sunflower, pumpkin, sesame and poppyseed) in breads and other bakery products. This review highlights the effect of oilseeds on the mechanical and physical properties of bread according to the enrichment level, origin and way of addition (whole, crushed, oil or mucilage). In general, the incorporation of oilseeds improves the nutritional profile of bakery products with and without gluten, and provides several health benefits. Mucilages of oilseeds can also act as a fat replacer thanks to their properties. The incorporation of oilseeds modifies the rheology of the doughs, the volume of the products and their texture, affecting their organoleptic characteristics and their acceptability. Nevertheless, these changes will depend on the type of seed used, as well as on the method of addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Lamo
- Food Technology Area, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain.
| | - Manuel Gómez
- Food Technology Area, College of Agricultural Engineering, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain.
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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Potential Therapeutic Role in Cardiovascular System Disorders-A Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101561. [PMID: 30347877 PMCID: PMC6213446 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are described as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern societies. Therefore, the importance of cardiovascular diseases prevention is widely reflected in the increasing number of reports on the topic among the key scientific research efforts of the recent period. The importance of essential fatty acids (EFAs) has been recognized in the fields of cardiac science and cardiac medicine, with the significant effects of various fatty acids having been confirmed by experimental studies. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered to be important versatile mediators for improving and maintaining human health over the entire lifespan, however, only the cardiac effect has been extensively documented. Recently, it has been shown that omega-3 fatty acids may play a beneficial role in several human pathologies, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2, and are also associated with a reduced incidence of stroke and atherosclerosis, and decreased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. A reasonable diet and wise supplementation of omega-3 EFAs are essential in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases prevention and treatment.
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Naik HS, Srilatha C, Sujatha K, Sreedevi B, Prasad TNVKV. Supplementation of whole grain flaxseeds ( Linum usitatissimum) along with high cholesterol diet and its effect on hyperlipidemia and initiated atherosclerosis in Wistar albino male rats. Vet World 2018; 11:1433-1439. [PMID: 30532498 PMCID: PMC6247877 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1433-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Flaxseeds are known to have varying antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherogenic activity due to its lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, alpha-linolenic acid, and omega-3 fatty acids. The beneficial effect of whole grain dietary flaxseed was evaluated experimentally in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods Male Wistar albino rats (200 g) were divided into four groups of 12 rats each. Group I rats kept as control and given basal rat chew diet, Group II as positive control for induction of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis by addition of 1% cholesterol and 15% saturated edible oil to the 1000 g of standard rat chew diet (HCD), Group III rats fed with whole grain flaxseed powder at 7.5 g/kg of rat/day in the standard rat chew diet and kept as flaxseed control, and Group IV rats supplemented with flaxseed at 7.5 g/kg of rat/day along with HCD and maintained for 90 days. Results Group II rats revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very LDL-C and significantly (p<0.05) reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), whereas tissue antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S transferase (GST) were significantly (p<0.05) reduced, and lipid peroxidation products of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level were nonsignificantly (p<0.05) increased in the heart and liver tissues. Flaxseeds supplementation along with HCD significantly ameliorated the serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C along with cellular antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, SOD, GPx, GR, GST, and non-significant amelioration of TBARS in the heart and liver tissues compared to Group II rats. Majority of the histopathologically initiated atherosclerotic changes in the aorta and fatty change in the liver of Group II were not observed in the flaxseed supplemented Group IV; however, interestingly proliferation of endothelial cells with new vascular channel formation in the liver and in between cardiac muscle fibers was observed in Group I and Group IV rats. Conclusion The present study established the hypercholesterolemia with initiated atherosclerotic lesion in the aorta but unable to establish the atheromatous plaque in the aorta. Flaxseed supplementation along with HCD showed significant antihypercholesterolemic effect and ameliorated the changes of initiated atherosclerosis in the aorta. It needs further studies to explore all the possible beneficial effects and angiogenic properties of flaxseeds in the laboratory animals and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Srinivasa Naik
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ch Srilatha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Sujatha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - B Sreedevi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - T N V K V Prasad
- Department of Nanotechnology, Frontier Institute of Technology, RARS, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Yashin AY, Yashunskii DB, Vedenin AN, Nifant’ev NE, Nemzer BV, Yashin YI. Chromatographic Determination of Lignans (Antioxidants) in Food Products. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481805012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Króliczewska B, Miśta D, Ziarnik A, Żuk M, Szopa J, Pecka-Kiełb E, Zawadzki W, Króliczewski J. The effects of seed from Linum usitatissimum cultivar with increased phenylpropanoid compounds and hydrolysable tannin in a high cholesterol-fed rabbit. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:76. [PMID: 29631590 PMCID: PMC5891892 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary fat is considered one of the most important factors associated with blood lipid metabolism and plays a significant role in the cause and prevention of atherosclerosis that has been widely accepted as an inflammatory disease of the vascular system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of genetically modified flaxseed (W86) rich in phenylpropanoid compounds and hydrolysable tannin in high cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis rabbit models compared to parental cultivar Linola. Methods Twenty-Eight White New Zealand white rabbits aged 6 months were randomly divided into four groups, control group, high cholesterol group (10 g/kg), Linola flaxseed group (100 g/kg) and W86 flaxseed group (100 g/kg). The rabbits were fed a normal diet or a high cholesterol diet for 10 weeks. Levels of blood lipids, hematological values, total antioxidative status and superoxide dismutase activity in serum were determined. Moreover, body weight and feed intake were measured after sixth and tenth weeks. After each stage of the experiment atherogenic indexes (non-HDL-C/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and atherogenic index of plasma) was calculated. Results The intake of a dyslipidaemic diet negatively influenced lipid profile in rabbits at the 10 weeks of feeding. W86 flaxseed significantly decreased total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and TG serum levels in cholesterolemic rabbits compared with parental Linola after 10 weeks. Atherogenic indexes decreased over time with a significant difference between the diets and they were the best for W86 flaxseed. Similarly, the experimental addition of W86 significantly decreased atherogenic predictors such as heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and the mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio. In rabbits, W86 flaxseed increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidative status compared to Linola. Conclusions Results of the presented study suggest that the addition of W86 flaxseed alleviate serum lipid changes in high cholesterolemic diet-administered rabbits. W86 flaxseed significantly reduced atherogenic indexes, as compared with the Linola and indicate that W86 flaxseed more effectively red CVD risk factors during hypercholesterolemia. Moreover, the presented result suggested that W86 flaxseed can be a part of a heart-healthy and antiatherogenic diet for the human. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0726-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Króliczewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Miśta
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Ziarnik
- Sanitary and Epidemiological Inspection, Mickiewicza 24, 59-220, Legnica, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Pecka-Kiełb
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zawadzki
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Króliczewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland.
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Huang G, Huang X, Liu M, Hua Y, Deng B, Jin W, Yan W, Tan Z, Wu Y, Liu B, Zhou Y. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside prevents the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of myocardial cells through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3570-3576. [PMID: 29568942 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial cell apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress has previously been identified as a key process in ischemic heart disease. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a polyphenolic plant lignan primarily found in flaxseed, has been demonstrated to effectively protect myocardial cells from apoptosis. In the present study, the role of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was investigated in mediating the protective effect of SDG. Findings of the present study revealed that treatment with H2O2 reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes. However, SDG was able to reduce the effect of H2O2 in a dose‑dependent manner. H2O2 reduced the expression level of phosphorylated STAT3 and inhibited the levels of B‑cell lymphoma‑extra‑large and induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein, which are the STAT3 target genes. Conversely, SDG rescued phosphorylation of STAT3 and increased the levels of STAT3 target genes. Treatment with SDG alone led to a dose‑dependent increased phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, without activating Src. Furthermore, the anti‑apoptotic effects of SDG were partially abolished by a JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor. In addition, molecular docking revealed that SDG may bind to the protein kinase domain of JAK2, at a binding energy of ‑8.258 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that JAK2‑SDG binding was stable. In conclusion, activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway contributed to the anti‑apoptotic activity of SDG, which may be a potential JAK2 activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqiong Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yue Hua
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Wen Jin
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Wen Yan
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Zhangbin Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yifen Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Godos J, Bergante S, Satriano A, Pluchinotta FR, Marranzano M. Dietary Phytoestrogen Intake is Inversely Associated with Hypertension in a Cohort of Adults Living in the Mediterranean Area. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020368. [PMID: 29425149 PMCID: PMC6017940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary polyphenols, including phytoestrogens are abundantly present in a balanced diet. Evidence for their role in preventing non-communicable diseases is emerging. Methods: We examined the association between estimated habitual intakes of dietary phytoestrogens and hypertension in a cohort study. The baseline data included 1936 men and women aged 18 years and older. Intakes of total phytoestrogens, isoflavones, and lignans were calculated from validated food frequency questionnaire. Data on the polyphenols content in foods were retrieved from the Phenol-Explorer database. Results: Individuals in the highest quartile of dietary phytoestrogens intake were less likely to be hypertensive (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.44–0.98); moreover, the association showed a significant decreasing trend. Isoflavones and lignans were not associated with lower odds of hypertension; however, some individual compounds, such as biochanin A and pinoresinol showed an independent inverse association with hypertension. Conclusions: Dietary phytoestrogens are associated with lower likelihood of hypertension in adults living in the Mediterranean area. Future studies are needed to confirm the present findings (i.e., prospective cohort studies) and to better understand the mechanisms underlying such associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Godos
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Sonia Bergante
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy.
| | - Angela Satriano
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy.
| | | | - Marina Marranzano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside inhibits adipogenesis through the AMPK pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 820:235-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Parikh M, Netticadan T, Pierce GN. Flaxseed: its bioactive components and their cardiovascular benefits. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H146-H159. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00400.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The inclusion of functional foods and natural health products in the diet are gaining increasing recognition as integral components of lifestyle changes in the fight against cardiovascular disease. Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown the beneficial cardiovascular effects of dietary supplementation with flaxseed. The cardiovascular effects of dietary flaxseed have included an antihypertensive action, antiatherogenic effects, a lowering of cholesterol, an anti-inflammatory action, and an inhibition of arrhythmias. Its enrichment in the ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid and the antioxidant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside as well as its high fiber content have been implicated primarily in these beneficial cardiovascular actions. Although not as well recognized, flaxseed is also composed of other potential bioactive compounds such as proteins, cyclolinopeptides, and cyanogenic glycosides, which may also produce biological actions. These compounds could also be responsible for the cardiovascular effects of flaxseed. This article will not only summarize the cardiovascular effects of dietary supplementation with flaxseed but also review its bioactive compounds in terms of their properties, biological effects, and proposed mechanisms of action. It will also discuss promising research directions for the future to identify additional health-related benefits of dietary flaxseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N. Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside is a blood-brain barrier protective and anti-inflammatory agent: implications for neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:25. [PMID: 29373982 PMCID: PMC5787274 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), the main lignan in flaxseed, is known for its beneficial effects in inflammation, oxidative stress, heart disease, tumor progression, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. SDG might be an attractive natural compound that protects against neuroinflammation. Yet, there are no comprehensive studies to date investigating the effects of SDG on brain endothelium using relevant in vivo and in vitro models. METHODS We evaluated the effects of orally administered SDG on neuroinflammatory responses using in vivo imaging of the brain microvasculature during systemic inflammation and aseptic encephalitis. In parallel, the anti-inflammatory actions of SDG on brain endothelium and monocytes were evaluated in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model. Multiple group comparisons were performed by one-way analysis of variance with Dunnet's post hoc tests. RESULTS We found that SDG diminished leukocyte adhesion to and migration across the BBB in vivo in the setting of aseptic encephalitis (intracerebral TNFα injection) and prevented enhanced BBB permeability during systemic inflammatory response (LPS injection). In vitro SDG pretreatment of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) or human monocytes diminished adhesion and migration of monocytes across brain endothelial monolayers in conditions mimicking CNS inflammatory responses. Consistent with our in vivo observations, SDG decreased expression of the adhesion molecule, VCAM1, induced by TNFα, or IL-1β in BMVEC. SDG diminished expression of the active form of VLA-4 integrin (promoting leukocyte adhesion and migration) and prevented the cytoskeleton changes in primary human monocytes activated by relevant inflammatory stimuli. CONCLUSION This study indicates that SDG directly inhibits BBB interactions with inflammatory cells and reduces the inflammatory state of leukocytes. Though more work is needed to determine the mechanism by which SDG mediates these effects, the ability of SDG to exert a multi-functional response reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and BBB permeability makes it an exciting potential therapeutic for neuroinflammatory diseases. SDG can serve as an anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective agent in neuroinflammation.
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Houston M. Dyslipidemia. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ganesan K, Sukalingam K, Xu B. Impact of consumption and cooking manners of vegetable oils on cardiovascular diseases- A critical review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mirmasoumi G, Fazilati M, Foroozanfard F, Vahedpoor Z, Mahmoodi S, Taghizadeh M, Esfeh N, Mohseni M, Karbassizadeh H, Asemi Z. The Effects of Flaxseed Oil Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Metabolic Status of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2017; 126:222-228. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on metabolic status of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Methods This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 60 women with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria aged 18–40 years old. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either 1,000 mg flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids (n=30) or placebo (n=30) twice a day for 12 weeks. Metabolic, endocrine, inflammatory factors were quantified at baseline and after the 12-week intervention.
Results After the 12-week intervention, compared to the placebo, flaxseed oil omega-3 supplementation significantly decreased insulin values (−2.6±7.7 vs.+1.3±3.9 µIU/mL, P=0.01), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (−0.7±1.7 vs.+0.3±0.9, P=0.01), mF-G scores (−1.2±1.7 vs. -0.1±0.4, P=0.001), and increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01±0.02 vs. −0.01±0.02, P=0.01). In addition, supplementation with flaxseed oil omega-3 resulted in significant decreases in serum triglycerides (−5.1±20.9 vs.+9.7±26.1 mg/dL, P=0.01), VLDL-cholesterol (−1.0±4.2 vs.+1.9±5.2 mg/dL, P=0.01) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (−1.6±3.1 vs.+0.2±1.5 mg/L, P=0.004) compared to the placebo. We did not see any significant effect of flaxseed oil omega-3 supplementation on hormonal and other lipid profiles, and plasma nitric oxide levels.
Conclusions Overall, flaxseed oil omega-3 supplementation for 12 weeks in women with PCOS had beneficial effects on insulin metabolism, mF-G scores, serum triglycerides, VLDL-cholesterol and hs-CRP levels, but did not affect hormonal and other lipid profiles, and plasma nitric oxide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golara Mirmasoumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Fazilati
- Department of Biochemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
- Department of Biology, Pyamenoor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Foroozanfard
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahedpoor
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mahmoodi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Nazanin Esfeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Maryam Mohseni
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
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Jeong D, Kim DH, Chon JW, Song KY, Kim H, Seo KH. Preparation of Bioactive Kefir with Added Flaxseed (Linum
usitatissimumL.) Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.22424/jmsb.2017.35.3.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Puukila S, Fernandes RO, Türck P, Carraro CC, Bonetto JHP, de Lima-Seolin BG, da Rosa Araujo AS, Belló-Klein A, Boreham D, Khaper N. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and oxidative stress in monocrotaline-induced right heart dysfunction. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 432:33-39. [PMID: 28321539 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) occurs when remodeling of pulmonary vessels leads to increased pulmonary vascular resistance resulting in increased pulmonary arterial pressure. Increased pulmonary arterial pressure results in right ventricle hypertrophy and eventually heart failure. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PAH and may play a role in the regulation of cellular signaling involved in cardiac response to pressure overload. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a component from flaxseed, has been shown to reduce cardiac oxidative stress in various pathophysiological conditions. We investigated the potential protective effects of SDG in a monocrotaline-induced model of PAH. Five- to six-week-old male Wistar rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg) and sacrificed 21 days later where heart, lung, and plasma were collected. SDG (25 mg/kg) was given via gavage as either a 21-day co-treatment or pre-treatment of 14 days before monocrotaline administration and continued for 21 days. Monocrotaline led to right ventricle hypertrophy, increased lipid peroxidation, and elevated plasma levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). Co-treatment with SDG did not attenuate hypertrophy or ALT and AST levels but decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and catalase and superoxide dismutase activity compared to the monocrotaline-treated group. Pre-treatment with SDG decreased right ventricle hypertrophy, ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity and plasma levels of ALT and AST when compared to the monocrotaline group. These findings indicate that pre-treatment with SDG provided better protection than co-treatment in this model of right heart dysfunction, suggesting an important role for SDG in PAH and right ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Puukila
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Rafael Oliveira Fernandes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.,Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Patrick Türck
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Cristina Campos Carraro
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Hellen Poletto Bonetto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gazzi de Lima-Seolin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Alex Sander da Rosa Araujo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Douglas Boreham
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Wilson N, Nghiem N, Ryan S, Cleghorn C, Nair N, Blakely T. Designing low-cost “heart healthy bread”: optimization using linear programing and 15-country comparison. BMC Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-016-0062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Chatain C, Jacquier JP, Pralong P, Leccia MT. Allergie à la graine de lin : revue générale à propos d’une observation. REVUE FRANÇAISE D'ALLERGOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Quartieri A, García-Villalba R, Amaretti A, Raimondi S, Leonardi A, Rossi M, Tomàs-Barberàn F. Detection of novel metabolites of flaxseed lignans in vitro and in vivo. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1590-601. [PMID: 26873880 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aimed to improve the knowledge of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) transformation by human gut microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS SDG-supplemented microbiota cultures were inoculated with the feces of five subjects. The same volunteers received a flaxseed supplement for 7 days. SDG metabolites in cultures, feces, and urine were monitored by LC-ESI-QTOF and LC-DAD. In all cultures, SDG was deglycosylated to secoisolariciresinol (SECO) within 12 h. SECO underwent successive dehydroxylations and demethylations yielding enterodiol (4-18% conversion) and enterolactone (0.2-6%) after 24 h. Novel intermediates related to SECO, matairesinol (MATA), and anhydrosecoisolariciresinol (AHS) were identified in fecal cultures. These metabolites were also found after flaxseed consumption in feces and urine (in approximate amounts between 0.01-47.03 μg/g and 0.01-13.49 μg/mL, respectively) in their native form and/or modified by phase II human enzymes (glucuronide, sulfate and sulfoglucuronide conjugates). CONCLUSIONS Derivatives of MATA and AHS are described for the first time as intermediates of SDG biotransformation by intestinal bacteria, providing a more comprehensive knowledge of lignan intestinal metabolism. The transformations observed in vitro seem to occur in vivo as well. The detection in urine of SDG intermediates indicates their gut absorption, opening new perspectives on the study of their systemic biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Quartieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Amaretti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Raimondi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alan Leonardi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maddalena Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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