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Parikh M, Hirst BC, O’Hara KA, Maddaford TG, Austria JA, Stamenkovic A, Yu L, Kura B, Garg B, Netticadan T, Proctor SD, Pierce GN. Beneficial Effects of Dietary Flaxseed on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:466. [PMID: 38398791 PMCID: PMC10892801 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a significant cause of chronic liver disease, presents a considerable public health concern. Despite this, there is currently no treatment available. This study aimed to investigate dietary flaxseed in the JCR:LA-corpulent rat strain model of NAFLD. Both obese male and female rats were studied along with their lean counterparts after 12 weeks of ingestion of a control diet, or control diet with flaxseed, or high fat, high sucrose (HFHS), or HFHS plus flaxseed. Obese rats showed higher liver weight and increased levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and saturated fatty acid, which were further elevated in rats on the HFHS diet. The HFHS diet induced a significant two-fold elevation in the plasma levels of both aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the obese male and female rats. Including flaxseed in the HFHS diet significantly lowered liver weight, depressed the plasma levels of both enzymes in the obese male rats, and reduced hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride content as well as improving the fatty acid profile. In summary, including flaxseed in the diet of male and female obese rats led to an improved lipid composition in the liver and significantly reduced biomarkers of tissue injury despite consuming a HFHS chow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Broderick C. Hirst
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Kimberley A. O’Hara
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Thane G. Maddaford
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - J. Alejandro Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stamenkovic
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Liping Yu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Branislav Kura
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bhavana Garg
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada;
| | - Grant N. Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada (T.N.)
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Parikh M, Pierce GN. Considerations for choosing an optimal animal model of cardiovascular disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:75-85. [PMID: 37748198 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The decision to use the optimal animal model to mimic the various types of cardiovascular disease is a critical one for a basic scientist. Clinical cardiovascular disease can be complex and presents itself as atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarcts, and cardiomyopathies, amongst others. This may be further complicated by the simultaneous presence of two or more cardiovascular lesions (for example, atherosclerosis and hypertension) and co-morbidities (i.e., diabetes, infectious disease, obesity, etc). This variety and merging of disease states creates an unusually difficult situation for the researcher who needs to identify the optimal animal model that is available to best represent all of the characteristics of the clinical cardiovascular disease. The present manuscript reviews the characteristics of the various animal models of cardiovascular disease available today, their advantages and disadvantages, with the goal to allow the reader access to the most recent data available for optimal choices prior to the initiation of the study. The animal species that can be chosen, the methods of generating these models of cardiovascular disease, as well as the specific cardiovascular lesions involved in each of these models are reviewed. A particular focus on the JCR:LA-cp rat as a model of cardiovascular disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Karmazyn M, Pierce GN, Fliegel L. The Remaining Conundrum of the Role of the Na+/H+ Exchanger Isoform 1 (NHE1) in Cardiac Physiology and Pathology: Can It Be Rectified? Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022. [DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2308284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Caligiuri SPB, Pierce GN, Ravandi A, Aukema HM. The Plasma Oxylipidome Links Smoking Status to Peripheral Artery Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070627. [PMID: 35888750 PMCID: PMC9317423 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is prevalent among individuals with a history of tobacco smoking. Although oxidation of lipids may contribute to atherogenesis in vascular disease, enzymatically and nonenzymatically produced oxidized lipids can have varying and contrasting physiological effects. The underlying mechanisms of atherogenic vulnerability can be better elucidated with the recent advances in oxylipidome quantification using HPLC-MS/MS technology. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial, the plasma oxylipidome was analyzed in participants living with PAD by smoking status (n = 98) and in nonsmoking comparators without chronic disease (n = 20). Individuals with PAD had approximately a four-fold higher level of total plasma oxylipins versus the comparator. Cessation of smoking in individuals with PAD was associated with significantly lower levels of linoleic acid-derived TriHOMEs, greater levels of omega-3 fatty acid-derived oxylipins, and greater levels of nonfragmented oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs). Individuals living with PAD but without a history of smoking, exhibited higher levels of the putative atherogenic fragmented OxPCs versus individuals who currently or previously smoked. These data implicate the plasma oxylipidome in PAD and that smoking cessation is associated with a less inflammatory profile. Furthermore, fragmented OxPCs may play a more significant role in the pathophysiology of PAD in individuals without a history of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P. B. Caligiuri
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Grant N. Pierce
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (G.N.P.); (H.M.A.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z2, Canada
| | - Harold M. Aukema
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (G.N.P.); (H.M.A.)
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
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Pierce GN, Resch C, Mourin M, Dibrov P, Dibrov E, Ravandi A. Bacteria and the growing threat of multidrug resistance for invasive cardiac interventions. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:15. [DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2301015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Dibrov A, Mourin M, Dibrov P, Pierce GN. Molecular dynamics modeling of the Vibrio cholera Na +-translocating NADH:quinone oxidoreductase NqrB-NqrD subunit interface. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:153-165. [PMID: 34626300 PMCID: PMC8755685 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
The Na+-translocating NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Na+-NQR) is the major Na+ pump in aerobic pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae. The interface between two of the NQR subunits, NqrB and NqrD, has been proposed to harbor a binding site for inhibitors of Na+-NQR. While the mechanisms underlying Na+-NQR function and inhibition remain underinvestigated, their clarification would facilitate the design of compounds suitable for clinical use against pathogens containing Na+-NQR. An in silico model of the NqrB-D interface suitable for use in molecular dynamics simulations was successfully constructed. A combination of algorithmic and manual methods was used to reconstruct portions of the two subunits unresolved in the published crystal structure and validate the resulting structure. Hardware and software optimizations that improved the efficiency of the simulation were considered and tested. The geometry of the reconstructed complex compared favorably to the published V. cholerae Na+-NQR crystal structure. Results from one 1 µs, three 150 ns and two 50 ns molecular dynamics simulations illustrated the stability of the system and defined the limitations of this model. When placed in a lipid bilayer under periodic boundary conditions, the reconstructed complex was completely stable for at least 1 µs. However, the NqrB-D interface underwent a non-physiological transition after 350 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dibrov
- Department of Family Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Muntahi Mourin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Pavel Dibrov
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Parikh M, Kura B, Garg B, Austria JA, Yu L, Maddaford TG, Proctor SD, Netticadan T, Pierce GN. Dietary flaxseed reduces Myocardial Ischemic Lesions, improves cardiac function and lowers cholesterol levels despite the presence of severe obesity in JCR:LA-cp Rats. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108829. [PMID: 34358644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that dietary flaxseed can significantly reduce cardiac damage from a coronary artery ligation-induced myocardial infarction. However, this model uses healthy animals and the ligation creates the infarct in an artificial manner. The purpose of this study was to determine if dietary flaxseed can protect the hearts of JCR:LA-cp rats, a model of genetic obesity and metabolic syndrome, from naturally occurring myocardial ischemic lesions. Male and female obese rats were randomized into four groups (n = 8 each) to receive, for 12 weeks, either a) control diet (Con), b) control diet supplemented with 10% ground flaxseed (CFlax), c) a high-fat, high sucrose (HFHS) diet, or d) HFHS supplemented with 10% ground flaxseed (HFlax). Male and female JCR:LA-cp lean rats served as genetic controls and received similar dietary interventions. In male obese rats, serum total cholesterol and LDL-C were significantly lower in CFlax compared to Con. Obese rats on HFHS exhibited increased myocardial ischemic lesions and diastolic dysfunction regardless of sex. HFlax significantly lowered the frequency of cardiac lesions and improved diastolic function in male and female obese rats compared to HFHS. Blood pressures were similar in obese and lean rats. No aortic atherosclerotic lesions were detectable in any group. Collectively, this study shows that a HFHS diet increased myocardial ischemic lesion frequency and abolished the protective effect of female sex on cardiac function. More importantly, the data demonstrates dietary flaxseed protected against the development of small spontaneous cardiac infarcts despite the ingestion of a HFHS diet and the presence of morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada
| | - Branislav Kura
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Bhavana Garg
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada
| | - J Alejandro Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada
| | - Liping Yu
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada
| | - Thane G Maddaford
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba's, Canada.
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Rodriguez-Leyva D, Pierce GN. The Impact of Nutrition on the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nutrition. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061752. [PMID: 34064053 PMCID: PMC8223988 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had significant morbidity, mortality, social and financial implications for the global population. Despite this knowledge, we still know very little about how COVID-19 infection affects quality of life resulting from changes in nutritional behaviour and, conversely, how nutrition could modulate the epidemiology of COVID-19. In addition, the social isolation most have experienced due to the regulations imposed by governments during the COVID-19 pandemic may have also had effects on our nutritional behaviour. It is possible that nutritional interventions may have effects on the incidence of COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current status of research on the topic of nutrition as it relates to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfin Rodriguez-Leyva
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Grant N. Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Stamenkovic A, O'Hara KA, Nelson DC, Maddaford TG, Edel AL, Maddaford G, Dibrov E, Aghanoori M, Kirshenbaum LA, Fernyhough P, Aliani M, Pierce GN, Ravandi A. Oxidized phosphatidylcholines trigger ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1170-H1184. [PMID: 33513080 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00237.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury increases the generation of oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs), which results in cell death. However, the mechanism by which OxPCs mediate cell death and cardiac dysfunction is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which OxPC triggers cardiomyocyte cell death during reperfusion injury. Adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of various purified fragmented OxPCs. Cardiomyocyte viability, bioenergetic response, and calcium transients were determined in the presence of OxPCs. Five different fragmented OxPCs resulted in a decrease in cell viability, with 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxo-valeroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-(9'-oxo-nonanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PONPC) having the most potent cardiotoxic effect in both a concentration and time dependent manner (P < 0.05). POVPC and PONPC also caused a significant decrease in Ca2+ transients and net contraction in isolated cardiomyocytes compared to vehicle treated control cells (P < 0.05). PONPC depressed maximal respiration rate (P < 0.01; 54%) and spare respiratory capacity (P < 0.01; 54.5%). Notably, neither caspase 3 activation or TUNEL staining was observed in cells treated with either POVPC or PONPC. Further, cardiac myocytes treated with OxPCs were indistinguishable from vehicle-treated control cells with respect to nuclear high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGBP1) activity. However, glutathione peroxidase 4 activity was markedly suppressed in cardiomyocytes treated with POVPC and PONPC coincident with increased ferroptosis. Importantly, cell death induced by OxPCs could be suppressed by E06 Ab, directed against OxPCs or by ferrostatin-1, which bound the sn-2 aldehyde of POVPC during I/R. The findings of the present study demonstrate that oxidation of phosphatidylcholines during I/R generate bioactive phospholipid intermediates that disrupt mitochondrial bioenergetics and calcium transients and provoke wide spread cell death through ferroptosis. Neutralization of OxPC with E06 or with ferrostatin-1 prevents cell death during reperfusion. Our study demonstrates a novel signaling pathway that operationally links generation of OxPC during cardiac I/R to ferroptosis. Interventions designed to target OxPCs may prove beneficial in mitigating ferroptosis during I/R injury in individuals with ischemic heart disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPC) generated during reperfusion injury are potent inducers of cardiomyocyte death. Our studies have shown that OxPCs exert this effect through a ferroptotic process that can be attenuated. A better understanding of the OxPC cell death pathway can prove a novel strategy for prevention of cell death during myocardial reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stamenkovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kimberley A O'Hara
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - David C Nelson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Thane G Maddaford
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Andrea L Edel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Graham Maddaford
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Elena Dibrov
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - MohamadReza Aghanoori
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michel Aliani
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Czubryt MP, Stecy T, Popke E, Aitken R, Jabusch K, Pound R, Lawes P, Ramjiawan B, Pierce GN. N95 mask reuse in a major urban hospital: COVID-19 response process and procedure. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:277-282. [PMID: 32745590 PMCID: PMC7837009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shortage of single-use N95 respirator masks (NRMs) during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has prompted consideration of NRM recycling to extend limited stocks by healthcare providers and facilities. AIM To assess potential reuse via autoclaving of NRMs worn daily in a major urban Canadian hospital. METHODS NRM reusability was assessed following collection from volunteer staff after 2-8 h use, sterilization by autoclaving and PortaCount fit testing. A workflow was developed for reprocessing hundreds of NRMs daily. FINDINGS Used NRMs passed fit testing after autoclaving once, with 86% passing a second reuse/autoclave cycle. A separate cohort of used masks pre-warmed before autoclaving passed fit testing. To recycle 200-1000 NRMs daily, procedures for collection, sterilization and re-distribution were developed to minimize particle aerosolization risk during NRM handling, to reject NRM showing obvious wear, and to promote adoption by staff. NRM recovery ranged from 49% to 80% across 12 collection cycles. CONCLUSION Reuse of NRMs is feasible in major hospitals and other healthcare facilities. In sharp contrast to studies of unused NRMs passing fit testing after 10 autoclave cycles, we show that daily wear substantially reduces NRM fit, limiting reuse to a single cycle, but still increasing NRM stocks by ∼66%. Such reuse requires development of a comprehensive plan that includes communication across staffing levels, from front-line workers to hospital administration, to increase the collection, acceptance of and adherence to sterilization processes for NRM recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Czubryt
- St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada.
| | - T Stecy
- St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - E Popke
- St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - R Aitken
- St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - K Jabusch
- St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - R Pound
- St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - P Lawes
- St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - B Ramjiawan
- St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - G N Pierce
- St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada.
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11
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Lionetti V, Tuana BS, Casieri V, Parikh M, Pierce GN. Importance of functional food compounds in cardioprotection through action on the epigenome. Eur Heart J 2020; 40:575-582. [PMID: 30325400 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food constituents can either promote cardiovascular health or serve in its demise. In view of the lack of more effective pharmacological interventions in cardiovascular disease (CVDs), attention has focused on the potential protective effects of diet. Food components and their metabolites are emerging as major regulators of the human epigenome, which is being linked to CVDs. In this review, we summarize data from studies that suggest an important role for bioactive food compounds in cardioprotection and the potential for harnessing the epigenome as a nutrient sensor target in CVDs. While clinical data strongly support a role for effective diet intervention in CVDs protection, studies linking changes to human epigenome are now warranted for mechanistic insight and development of personalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Lionetti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana 'G. Monasterio', UOS Anesthesiology, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Balwant S Tuana
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Valentina Casieri
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mihir Parikh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, MB, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, MB, Winnipeg, Canada
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12
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Asselin CY, Lam A, Cheung DYC, Eekhoudt CR, Zhu A, Mittal I, Mayba A, Solati Z, Edel A, Austria JA, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Thliveris J, Singal PK, Pierce GN, Niraula S, Jassal DS. The Cardioprotective Role of Flaxseed in the Prevention of Doxorubicin- and Trastuzumab-Mediated Cardiotoxicity in C57BL/6 Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:2353-2363. [PMID: 32510147 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the combination of doxorubicin (DOX) and trastuzumab (TRZ) reduces the progression and recurrence of breast cancer, these anticancer drugs are associated with significant cardiotoxic side effects. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether prophylactic administration of flaxseed (FLX) and its bioactive components, α-linolenic acid (ALA) and secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), would be cardioprotective against DOX + TRZ-mediated cardiotoxicity in a chronic in vivo female murine model. METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 female mice (10-12 wk old) received daily prophylactic treatment with one of the following diets: 1) regular control (RC) semi-purified diet; 2) 10% FLX diet; 3) 4.4% ALA diet; or 4) 0.44% SDG diet for a total of 6 wks. Within each arm, mice received 3 weekly injections of 0.9% saline or a combination of DOX [8 mg/(kg.wk)] and TRZ [3 mg/(kg.wk)] starting at the end of week 3. The main outcome was to evaluate the effects of FLX, ALA, and SDG on cardiovascular remodeling and markers of apoptosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Significance between measurements was determined using a 4 (diet) × 2 (chemotherapy) × 2 (time) mixed factorial design with repeated measures. RESULTS In the RC + DOX + TRZ-treated mice at week 6 of the study, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased by 50% compared with the baseline LVEF (P < 0.05). However, the prophylactic administration of the FLX, ALA, or SDG diet was partially cardioprotective, with mice in these treatment groups showing an ∼68% increase in LVEF compared with the RC + DOX + TRZ-treated group at week 6 (P < 0.05). Although markers of inflammation (nuclear transcription factor κB), apoptosis [poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and the ratio of BCL2-associated X protein to B-cell lymphoma-extra large], and mitochondrial dysfunction (BCL2-interacting protein 3) were significantly elevated by approximately 2-fold following treatment with RC + DOX + TRZ compared with treatment with RC + saline at week 6, prophylactic administration of FLX, ALA, or SDG partially downregulated these signaling pathways. CONCLUSION In a chronic in vivo female C57BL/6 mouse model of DOX + TRZ-mediated cardiotoxicity, FLX, ALA, and SDG were partially cardioprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Y Asselin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amy Lam
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Y C Cheung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Cameron R Eekhoudt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Antonia Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ishika Mittal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew Mayba
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zahra Solati
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrea Edel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - J Alejandro Austria
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.,Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James Thliveris
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pawan K Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Saroj Niraula
- Section of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Davinder S Jassal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.,Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
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13
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Pierce GN, Netticadan T. Unexpected challenges for the translation of research on food interventions to applications in the food industry: using flaxseed research as an example. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:125-128. [PMID: 32755491 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the primary purposes of the studies that life science researchers carry out is to translate their findings into demonstrable impacts in the lives of the general population. If we study the mechanism of heart disease, for example, it is our hope that new therapies or preventative strategies can be created from these mechanistic data. In the field of nutrition, it is the ultimate goal to translate research findings on the health benefits of functional foods and nutraceuticals into products consumed by the public that will benefit their health, improve quality of life, prevent disease, and prolong life. However, the pathway from research on the health benefits of specific foods or food products into industry applications is often a pathway with multiple, unexpected roadblocks for the unsuspecting scientist. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to identify these obstacles that have confronted industry translation in the past by using flaxseed research as an example. The ultimate goal of the review is to alert those in research and in the food industry of these translational hindrances to avoid them in the future and promote a more rapid and effective translation of food/health research into marketing success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant N Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
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14
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Yeang C, Hasanally D, Que X, Hung MY, Stamenkovic A, Chan D, Chaudhary R, Margulets V, Edel AL, Hoshijima M, Gu Y, Bradford W, Dalton N, Miu P, Cheung DY, Jassal DS, Pierce GN, Peterson KL, Kirshenbaum LA, Witztum JL, Tsimikas S, Ravandi A. Reduction of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury by inactivating oxidized phospholipids. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:179-189. [PMID: 29850765 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Myocardial ischaemia followed by reperfusion (IR) causes an oxidative burst resulting in cellular dysfunction. Little is known about the impact of oxidative stress on cardiomyocyte lipids and their role in cardiac cell death. Our goal was to identify oxidized phosphatidylcholine-containing phospholipids (OxPL) generated during IR, and to determine their impact on cell viability and myocardial infarct size. Methods and results OxPL were quantitated in isolated rat cardiomyocytes using mass spectrophotometry following 24 h of IR. Cardiomyocyte cell death was quantitated following exogenously added OxPL and in the absence or presence of E06, a 'natural' murine monoclonal antibody that binds to the PC headgroup of OxPL. The impact of OxPL on mitochondria in cardiomyocytes was also determined using cell fractionation and Bnip expression. Transgenic Ldlr-/- mice, overexpressing a single-chain variable fragment of E06 (Ldlr-/--E06-scFv-Tg) were used to assess the effect of inactivating endogenously generated OxPL in vivo on myocardial infarct size. Following IR in vitro, isolated rat cardiomyocytes showed a significant increase in the specific OxPLs PONPC, POVPC, PAzPC, and PGPC (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001 for all). Exogenously added OxPLs resulted in significant death of rat cardiomyocytes, an effect inhibited by E06 (percent cell death with added POVPC was 22.6 ± 4.14% and with PONPC was 25.3 ± 3.4% compared to 8.0 ± 1.6% and 6.4 ± 1.0%, respectively, with the addition of E06, P < 0.05 for both). IR increased mitochondrial content of OxPL in rat cardiomyocytes and also increased expression of Bcl-2 death protein 3 (Bnip3), which was inhibited in presence of E06. Notably cardiomyocytes with Bnip3 knock-down were protected against cytotoxic effects of OxPL. In mice exposed to myocardial IR in vivo, compared to Ldlr-/- mice, Ldlr-/--E06-scFv-Tg mice had significantly smaller myocardial infarct size normalized to area at risk (72.4 ± 21.9% vs. 47.7 ± 17.6%, P = 0.023). Conclusions OxPL are generated within cardiomyocytes during IR and have detrimental effects on cardiomyocyte viability. Inactivation of OxPL in vivo results in a reduction of infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Yeang
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Devin Hasanally
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xuchu Que
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ming-Yow Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Aleksandra Stamenkovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Chan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rakesh Chaudhary
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Victoria Margulets
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrea L Edel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Masahiko Hoshijima
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yusu Gu
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William Bradford
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Dalton
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Phuong Miu
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Yc Cheung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Davinder S Jassal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kirk L Peterson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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15
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Abstract
Cell death is an important component of the pathophysiology of any disease. Myocardial disease is no exception. Understanding how and why cells die, particularly in the heart where cardiomyocyte regeneration is limited at best, becomes a critical area of study. Ferroptosis is a recently described form of nonapoptotic cell death. It is an iron-mediated form of cell death that occurs because of accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. Reactive oxygen species and iron-mediated phospholipid peroxidation is a hallmark of ferroptosis. To date, ferroptosis has been shown to be involved in cell death associated with Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and kidney degradation. Myocardial reperfusion injury is characterized by iron deposition as well as reactive oxygen species production. These conditions, therefore, favor the induction of ferroptosis. Currently there is no available treatment for reperfusion injury, which accounts for up to 50% of the final infarct size. This review will summarize the evidence that ferroptosis can induce cardiomyocyte death following reperfusion injury and the potential for this knowledge to open new therapeutic approaches for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stamenkovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Saint Boniface Hospital, and Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant N. Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Saint Boniface Hospital, and Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Saint Boniface Hospital, and Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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16
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Rodriguez-Leyva D, Rodriguez-Portelles A, Weighell W, Guzman R, Maddaford TG, Pierce GN. The effects of dietary flaxseed on cardiac arrhythmias and claudication in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:557-561. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are at increased risk for cardiovascular events, and higher susceptibility for cardiac arrhythmias may be involved. The objectives of this double-blinded randomized controlled FLAX-PAD trial were to determine whether daily consumption of a diet supplemented with 30 g of milled flaxseed (or placebo) over 1 year by PAD patients has effects on the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and exercise capacity. Cardiac arrhythmias were assessed on a cardiac stress test and at rest. At baseline, the PAD patients had a high incidence of cardiac arrhythmias (48% in the flaxseed group and 32% in the placebo group). After 1 year, the presence of cardiac arrhythmias in the flaxseed group decreased by 2% and increased by 12% in the placebo group (P > 0.05). Electrocardiographic variables (P, PR, QRS, QT, and QTc) did not change in either group during the trial. Patients from both groups improved initial and absolute claudication distances but the intergroup difference was also not statistically significant. In summary, the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias and physical capacity trended in a positive direction for patients ingesting flaxseed but either a larger sample size or a longer intervention with flaxseed may be required to show statistically significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfin Rodriguez-Leyva
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - Wendy Weighell
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Randolph Guzman
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Thane G. Maddaford
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Grant N. Pierce
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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17
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Stamenkovic A, Ganguly R, Aliani M, Ravandi A, Pierce GN. Overcoming the Bitter Taste of Oils Enriched in Fatty Acids to Obtain Their Effects on the Heart in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1179. [PMID: 31137794 PMCID: PMC6566568 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids come in a variety of structures and, because of this, create a variety of functions for these lipids. Some fatty acids have a role to play in energy metabolism, some help in lipid storage, cell structure, the physical state of the lipid, and even in food stability. Fatty acid metabolism plays a particularly important role in meeting the energy demands of the heart. It is the primary source of myocardial energy in control conditions. Its role changes dramatically in disease states in the heart, but the pathologic role these fatty acids play depends upon the type of cardiovascular disease and the type of fatty acid. However, no matter how good a food is for one's health, its taste will ultimately become a deciding factor in its influence on human health. No food will provide health benefits if it is not ingested. This review discusses the taste characteristics of culinary oils that contain fatty acids and how these fatty acids affect the performance of the heart during healthy and diseased conditions. The contrasting contributions that different fatty acid molecules have in either promoting cardiac pathologies or protecting the heart from cardiovascular disease is also highlighted in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stamenkovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W3, Canada.
| | - Riya Ganguly
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W3, Canada.
| | - Michel Aliani
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W3, Canada.
- Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W3, Canada.
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W3, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
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18
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Parikh M, Maddaford TG, Austria JA, Aliani M, Netticadan T, Pierce GN. Dietary Flaxseed as a Strategy for Improving Human Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1171. [PMID: 31130604 PMCID: PMC6567199 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed is a rich source of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid, the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and fiber. These compounds provide bioactivity of value to the health of animals and humans through their anti-inflammatory action, anti-oxidative capacity and lipid modulating properties. The characteristics of ingesting flaxseed or its bioactive components are discussed in this article. The benefits of administering flaxseed or the individual bioactive components on health and disease are also discussed in this review. Specifically, the current evidence on the benefits or limitations of dietary flaxseed in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, gastro-intestinal health and brain development and function, as well as hormonal status in menopausal women, are comprehensive topics for discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Thane G Maddaford
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - J Alejandro Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Michel Aliani
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada.
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
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Kura B, Parikh M, Slezak J, Pierce GN. The Influence of Diet on MicroRNAs that Impact Cardiovascular Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081509. [PMID: 30999630 PMCID: PMC6514571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Food quality and nutritional habits strongly influence human health status. Extensive research has been conducted to confirm that foods rich in biologically active nutrients have a positive impact on the onset and development of different pathological processes, including cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms by which dietary compounds regulate cardiovascular function have not yet been fully clarified. A growing number of studies confirm that bioactive food components modulate various signaling pathways which are involved in heart physiology and pathology. Recent evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs), small single-stranded RNA chains with a powerful ability to influence protein expression in the whole organism, have a significant role in the regulation of cardiovascular-related pathways. This review summarizes recent studies dealing with the impact of some biologically active nutrients like polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamins E and D, dietary fiber, or selenium on the expression of many miRNAs, which are connected with cardiovascular diseases. Current research indicates that the expression levels of many cardiovascular-related miRNAs like miRNA-21, -30 family, -34, -155, or -199 can be altered by foods and dietary supplements in various animal and human disease models. Understanding the dietary modulation of miRNAs represents, therefore, an important field for further research. The acquired knowledge may be used in personalized nutritional prevention of cardiovascular disease or the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kura
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Mihir Parikh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W3, Canada.
| | - Jan Slezak
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W3, Canada.
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Parikh M, Raj P, Austria JA, Yu L, Netticadan T, Pierce GN. Dietary Flaxseed Protects against Post‐Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmias and Injury. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.690.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Parikh
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
- Canadian Centre for Agri‐food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM)WinnipegMBCanada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Pema Raj
- Canadian Centre for Agri‐food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM)WinnipegMBCanada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - J Alejandro Austria
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Liping Yu
- Canadian Centre for Agri‐food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM)WinnipegMBCanada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Canadian Centre for Agri‐food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM)WinnipegMBCanada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Grant N. Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
- Canadian Centre for Agri‐food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM)WinnipegMBCanada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
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Abstract
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) is composed of a unique combination of bioactive components that appear to generate, through either an isolated or a synergistic action, a significant beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. With a significant increase in the generation of data on the dietary impact of flaxseed on the cardiovascular system, a review of where we stand - what we know and what we still need to understand about these effects on the heart and the vasculature - was thought to be of value and the rationale for this paper. For example, although we now know how to deliver the bioactives most efficiently (oil versus ground seed versus whole seed), we do not know how different foods can influence that delivery. Further, we know flaxseed has anti-arrhythmic, anti-atherogenic, anti-hypertensive, and cholesterol-lowering actions in animal studies and some selected human trials but much more needs to be learned, particularly in human trials. These results have justified further commitment of resources to the initiation of human trials. Because of the impact of nutrition on many chronic diseases, this may not only be true for the effects of flaxseed on cardiovascular disease but may be just as relevant for many other disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Parikh
- a Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- a Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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22
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Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been intense investigation in trying to understand the pathological role that oxidized phospholipids play in cardiovascular disease. Phospholipids are targets for oxidation, particularly during conditions of excess free radical generation. Once oxidized, they acquire novel roles uncharacteristic of their precursors. Oxidized phosphatidylcholines have an important role in multiple physiological and pathophysiological conditions including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, lung disease, inflammation, and chronic alcohol consumption. Circulating oxidized phosphatidylcholine may also serve as a clinical biomarker. The focus of this review, therefore, will be to summarize existing evidence that oxidized phosphatidylcholine molecules play an important role in cardiovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stamenkovic
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Interventional Cardiology, Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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23
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Pierce GN. Editorial / Éditorial. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:iii-iv. [PMID: 30075089 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Deniset JF, Hedley TE, Hlaváčková M, Chahine MN, Dibrov E, O'Hara K, Maddaford GG, Nelson D, Maddaford TG, Fandrich R, Kardami E, Pierce GN. Heat shock protein 60 involvement in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Cell Signal 2018; 47:44-51. [PMID: 29596871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is a mediator of stress-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. This study will determine, first, if the mitochondrial or cytoplasmic localization of Hsp60 is critical to VSMC proliferation and, second, the mechanism of Hsp60 induction of VSMC proliferation with a focus on modification of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. METHODS AND RESULTS Hsp60 was overexpressed in primary rabbit VSMCs with or without a mitochondrial targeting sequence (AdHsp60mito-). Both interventions induced an increase in VSMC PCNA expression and proliferation. The increase in VSMC PCNA expression and growth was not observed after siRNA-mediated knockdown of Hsp60 expression. Nuclear protein import in VSMC was measured by fluorescent microscopy using a microinjected fluorescent import substrate. Nuclear protein import was stimulated by both AdHsp60 and AdHsp60mito- treatments. AdHsp60 treatment also induced increases in nucleoporin (Nup) 62, Nup153, importin-α, importin-β and Ran expression as well as cellular ATP levels compared to control. AdHsp60mito- treatment induced an up-regulation in importin-α, importin-β and Ran expression compared to control. Hsp60 knockdown did not change nuclear protein import nor the expression of any nuclear transport receptors or nucleoporins. Both heat shock treatment and Hsp60 overexpression promoted the interaction of Ran with Hsp60. CONCLUSIONS VSMC proliferation can be modulated via an Hsp60 dependent, cytosol localized mechanism that in part involves a stimulation of nuclear protein import through an interaction with Ran. This novel cellular signaling role for Hsp60 may be important in growth-based vascular pathologies like atherosclerosis and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin F Deniset
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - Thomas E Hedley
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - Markéta Hlaváčková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mirna N Chahine
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - Elena Dibrov
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - Kim O'Hara
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - Graham G Maddaford
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - David Nelson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - Thane G Maddaford
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada
| | - Robert Fandrich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Elissavet Kardami
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St Boniface Hospital, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Canada.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The inclusion of functional foods and natural health products in the diet are gaining increasing recognition as integral components of lifestyle changes in the fight against cardiovascular disease. Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown the beneficial cardiovascular effects of dietary supplementation with flaxseed. The cardiovascular effects of dietary flaxseed have included an antihypertensive action, antiatherogenic effects, a lowering of cholesterol, an anti-inflammatory action, and an inhibition of arrhythmias. Its enrichment in the ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid and the antioxidant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside as well as its high fiber content have been implicated primarily in these beneficial cardiovascular actions. Although not as well recognized, flaxseed is also composed of other potential bioactive compounds such as proteins, cyclolinopeptides, and cyanogenic glycosides, which may also produce biological actions. These compounds could also be responsible for the cardiovascular effects of flaxseed. This article will not only summarize the cardiovascular effects of dietary supplementation with flaxseed but also review its bioactive compounds in terms of their properties, biological effects, and proposed mechanisms of action. It will also discuss promising research directions for the future to identify additional health-related benefits of dietary flaxseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N. Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Caligiuri SPB, Pierce GN. A review of the relative efficacy of dietary, nutritional supplements, lifestyle, and drug therapies in the management of hypertension. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3508-3527. [PMID: 27494115 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1142420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in hypertensive therapies, the prevalence of hypertension and associated morbidities are still immense. Physicians are in great need for updated information on novel and effective antihypertensive therapies. Therefore, the study objective was to provide comprehensive information on the efficacy of available antihypertensive therapies. Antihypertensive therapies were divided into four general approaches: diet, nutritional supplements, lifestyle modification, and conventional antihypertensive medications. A search of PubMed and Google Scholar resulted in an analysis of 30 antihypertensive therapies from meta-analyses and randomized-controlled trials (RCTs). The studies were analyzed using the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology classification system. Calculated average blood pressure reductions were: (systolic/diastolic) 6/4 mmHg, 4/2 mmHg, 5/3 mmHg, and 9/5 mmHg for dietary, nutritional supplements, lifestyle, and medications, respectively. The results demonstrate that dietary, nutritional supplement and lifestyle strategies have a solid level of evidence to support their efficacy as antihypertensive strategies. These strategies can be as effective as medications and, in some cases, even more effective. Dissemination of this information to physicians/dietitians can help facilitate an important shift in hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- a Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM) and the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre , and the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- a Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM) and the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre , and the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
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28
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Dibrov P, Dibrov E, Pierce GN. Na+-NQR (Na+-translocating NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) as a novel target for antibiotics. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:653-671. [PMID: 28961953 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent breakthrough in structural studies on Na+-translocating NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Na+-NQR) from the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae creates a perspective for the systematic design of inhibitors for this unique enzyme, which is the major Na+ pump in aerobic pathogens. Widespread distribution of Na+-NQR among pathogenic species, its key role in energy metabolism, its relation to virulence in different species as well as its absence in eukaryotic cells makes this enzyme especially attractive as a target for prospective antibiotics. In this review, the major biochemical, physiological and, especially, the pharmacological aspects of Na+-NQR are discussed to assess its 'target potential' for drug development. A comparison to other primary bacterial Na+ pumps supports the contention that NQR is a first rate prospective target for a new generation of antimicrobials. A new, narrowly targeted furanone inhibitor of NQR designed in our group is presented as a molecular platform for the development of anti-NQR remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Dibrov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Elena Dibrov
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
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Caligiuri SPB, Parikh M, Stamenkovic A, Pierce GN, Aukema HM. Dietary modulation of oxylipins in cardiovascular disease and aging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H903-H918. [PMID: 28801523 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00201.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins are a group of fatty acid metabolites generated via oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and are involved in processes such as inflammation, immunity, pain, vascular tone, and coagulation. As a result, oxylipins have been implicated in many conditions characterized by these processes, including cardiovascular disease and aging. The best characterized oxylipins in relation to cardiovascular disease are derived from the ω-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid. These oxylipins generally increase inflammation, hypertension, and platelet aggregation, although not universally. Similarly, oxylipins derived from the ω-6 fatty acid linoleic acid generally have more adverse than beneficial cardiovascular effects. Alternatively, most oxylipins derived from 20- and 22-carbon ω-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory, antiaggregatory, and vasodilatory effects that help explain the cardioprotective effects of these fatty acids. Much less is known regarding the oxylipins derived from the 18-carbon ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid, but clinical trials with flaxseed supplementation have indicated that these oxylipins can have positive effects on blood pressure. Normal aging also is associated with changes in oxylipin levels in the brain, vasculature, and other tissues, indicating that oxylipin changes with aging may be involved in age-related changes in these tissues. A small number of trials in humans and animals with interventions that contain either 18-carbon or 20- and 22-carbon ω-3 fatty acids have indicated that dietary-induced changes in oxylipins may be beneficial in slowing the changes associated with normal aging. In summary, oxylipins are an important group of molecules amenable to dietary manipulation to target cardiovascular disease and age-related degeneration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oxylipins are an important group of fatty acid metabolites amenable to dietary manipulation. Because of the role they play in cardiovascular disease and in age-related degeneration, oxylipins are gaining recognition as viable targets for specific dietary interventions focused on manipulating oxylipin composition to control these biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mihir Parikh
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Stamenkovic
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and .,Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Caligiuri SPB, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Lavallée R, Guzman R, Pierce GN. Specific plasma oxylipins increase the odds of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:961-968. [PMID: 28714336 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxylipins and fatty acids may be novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease. The objective was to determine if plasma oxylipins or fatty acids can influence the odds of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events. In 98 patients (25 female, 73 male) with peripheral artery disease, the prevalence of transient ischemic attacks, cerebrovascular accidents, stable angina, and acute coronary syndrome was n = 16, 10, 16, and 24, respectively. Risk factors such as being male, diagnosed hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia were not associated with events. Plasma fatty acids and oxylipins were analyzed with gas chromatography and HPLC-MS/MS, respectively. None of 24 fatty acids quantified were associated with events. In contrast, 39 plasma oxylipins were quantified, and 8 were significantly associated with events. These 8 oxylipins are known regulators of vascular tone. For example, every 1 unit increase in Thromboxane B2/Prostaglandin F1α and every 1 nmol/L increase in plasma 16-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, thromboxane B2, or 11,12-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DiHETrE) increased the odds of having had ≥2 events versus no event (p < 0.05). The greatest predictor was plasma 8,9-DiHETrE, which increased the odds of acute coronary syndrome by 92-fold. In conclusion, specific oxylipins were highly associated with clinical events and may represent specific biomarkers and (or) therapeutic targets of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- a Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- a Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,d Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- b The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada.,e Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Renée Lavallée
- a Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Randy Guzman
- f Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- a Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,b The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
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Ganguly R, Hasanally D, Stamenkovic A, Maddaford TG, Chaudhary R, Pierce GN, Ravandi A. Alpha linolenic acid decreases apoptosis and oxidized phospholipids in cardiomyocytes during ischemia/reperfusion. Mol Cell Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hammond GW, Lê ML, Novotny T, Caligiuri SPB, Pierce GN, Wade J. An output evaluation of a health research foundation's enhanced grant review process for new investigators. Health Res Policy Syst 2017. [PMID: 28629438 PMCID: PMC5477272 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-017-0220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the ability of the Manitoba Medical Service Foundation (MMSF, a small not-for-profit foundation affiliated with Manitoba Blue Cross) to determine the best candidates for selection to receive research funding support among new researchers applying to the Research Operating Grants Programme (ROGP). METHODS Using bibliometric and grants funding analyses, we retrospectively compared indices of academic outputs from five cohorts of MMSF-funded and not MMSF-funded applicants to the annual MMSF ROGP over 2008 to 2012, from 1 to 5 years after having received evaluation decisions from the MMSF enhanced grant review process. RESULTS Those researchers funded by the MMSF competition (MMSF-funded) had a statistically significant greater number of publications, a higher h-index and greater national Tri-Council (TC) funding, versus those not selected for funding (not MMSF-funded). MMSF-funded applicants and the Manitoba research community have created a strong and rapid (within 1 to 5 years of receiving the MMSF grant) local economic return on investment associated with the MMSF ROGP that supports new investigators, of approximately nine-fold for TC grants by the principal investigator, and of 34-fold for the principal investigator on collaborative (total) TC grants. CONCLUSIONS The use of small amounts of seed money for competitive research grants at early stages of an MMSF-funded applicant's career correlates with future short-term success of that applicant. The ability to correctly select promising candidates who subsequently demonstrate greater academic performance after the MMSF funding shows the selection process and the ROGP to be of merit. Multiple components may have contributed to this outcome, including a direct presentation and interview process of the candidate with five-person selection subcommittees, plus an assessment by an external reviewer (the enhanced grant review process). The selection methods used here may add value to the research grant selection processes of new researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Hammond
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Medicine, University of Manitoba, 510 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada. .,Manitoba Medical Service Foundation, 599 Empress Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3G 3P3, Canada.
| | - Mê-Linh Lê
- Neil John Maclean Health Sciences Library, University of Manitoba, 727 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Tannis Novotny
- Manitoba Medical Service Foundation, 599 Empress Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3G 3P3, Canada
| | - Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - John Wade
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, University of Manitoba, 364 Montrose Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3M 3M8, Canada
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Dibrov P, Dibrov E, Maddaford TG, Kenneth M, Nelson J, Resch C, Pierce GN. Development of a novel rationally designed antibiotic to inhibit a nontraditional bacterial target. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:595-603. [PMID: 28425301 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The search for new nontraditional targets is a high priority in antibiotic design today. Bacterial membrane energetics based on sodium ion circulation offers potential alternative targets. The present work identifies the Na+-translocating NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Na+-NQR), a key respiratory enzyme in many microbial pathogens, as indispensible for the Chlamydia trachomatis infectious process. Infection by Chlamydia trachomatis significantly increased first H+ and then Na+ levels within the host mammalian cell. A newly designed furanone Na+-NQR inhibitor, PEG-2S, blocked the changes in both H+ and Na+ levels induced by Chlamydia trachomatis infection. It also inhibited intracellular proliferation of Chlamydia trachomatis with a half-minimal inhibitory concentration in the submicromolar range but did not affect the viability of mammalian cells or bacterial species representing benign intestinal microflora. At low nanomolar concentrations (IC50 value = 1.76 nmol/L), PEG-2S inhibited the Na+-NQR activity in sub-bacterial membrane vesicles isolated from Vibrio cholerae. Taken together, these results show, for the first time, that Na+-NQR is critical for the bacterial infectious process and is susceptible to a precisely targeted bactericidal compound in situ. The obtained data have immediate relevance for many different diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria that rely on Na+-NQR activity for growth, including sexually transmitted, pulmonary, oral, gum, and ocular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Dibrov
- a Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Elena Dibrov
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Thane G Maddaford
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Melissa Kenneth
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Jordan Nelson
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Craig Resch
- a Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,c Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Caligiuri SPB, Austria JA, Pierce GN. Alarming Prevalence of Emergency Hypertension Levels in the General Public Identified by a Hypertension Awareness Campaign. Am J Hypertens 2017; 30:236-239. [PMID: 28057629 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpw136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major cause of mortality and morbidity today. The "silent" nature of hypertension makes it critical to determine its prevalence and its severity in the general public and to identify strategies to identify people unaware of its presence. A mobile hypertension awareness campaign was created to: (i) determine the prevalence and types of hypertension in an urban North American center, (ii) increase hypertension awareness, and (iii) identify reasons for lack of therapy adherence. METHODS Mobile clinics were provided at shopping malls, workplaces, hospitals, and community centres to measure blood pressure in the public. Blood pressure recordings were done on a voluntary basis. RESULTS Of 1097 participants, 50% presented with high blood pressure which was higher than expected. Of particular clinical significance, an unexpectedly large number of participants (2%) exhibited a hypertensive urgency/emergency. Most of these people were not adherent to medications (if their hypertension was detected previously), were unaware of their hypertensive state, and/or unwilling to acknowledge or ignored the clinical significance of the extremely high blood pressure readings. Reasons for lack of adherence included: denial, being unaware of health consequences, and proper management of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS A relatively large segment of an urban population lives unaware of severe emergency levels of hypertension. A public mobile hypertension clinic provides a valuable strategy for identifying hypertension in the general public and for knowledge translation of hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jose Alejandro Austria
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Caligiuri SP, Rodriguez-Leyva D, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Weighell W, Guzman R, Pierce GN. Dietary Flaxseed Reduces Central Aortic Blood Pressure Without Cardiac Involvement but Through Changes in Plasma Oxylipins. Hypertension 2016; 68:1031-8. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the year-long FlaxPAD clinical trial (Flaxseed for Peripheral Artery Disease), dietary flaxseed generated a powerful reduction in brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with peripheral artery disease. Oxylipins were implicated as potential mechanistic mediators. However, the ability of flaxseed to impact central aortic hypertension, arterial stiffness, or cardiac performance was not investigated. Additionally, the relationship between central blood pressure (cBP) and oxylipins was not elucidated. Therefore, radial tonometry and pulse wave analysis were used to measure cBP and cardiac function in the FlaxPAD population (n=62). Plasma oxylipins were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. In patients with high blood pressure at baseline, the average decrease in central systolic and diastolic blood pressures versus placebo was 10 and 6 mm Hg, respectively. Flaxseed did not significantly impact augmentation index or other cardiac function indices. Alternatively, the data support several specific oxylipins as potential mediators in the antihypertensive properties of flaxseed. For example, every 1 nmol/L increase in plasma 16-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid increased the odds of higher central systolic and diastolic blood pressures by 12- and 9-fold, respectively. Every 1 nmol/L increase in plasma thromboxane B
2
and 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid increased the odds of higher cBP by 33- and 9-fold, respectively. Flaxseed induced a decrease in many oxylipins, which corresponded with a reduced risk of elevated cBP. These data extend the antihypertensive properties of flaxseed to cBP without cardiac involvement but rather through oxylipins. This study provides further support for oxylipins as therapeutic targets in hypertension.
Clinical Trial Registration—
URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00781950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P.B. Caligiuri
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., H.M.A., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., A.R., G.N.P.), Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., A.R., G.N.P.), Department of Internal Medicine (D.R.-L., A.R.), Department of Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Department of Surgery (W.W., R.G.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Delfin Rodriguez-Leyva
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., H.M.A., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., A.R., G.N.P.), Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., A.R., G.N.P.), Department of Internal Medicine (D.R.-L., A.R.), Department of Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Department of Surgery (W.W., R.G.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M. Aukema
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., H.M.A., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., A.R., G.N.P.), Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., A.R., G.N.P.), Department of Internal Medicine (D.R.-L., A.R.), Department of Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Department of Surgery (W.W., R.G.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., H.M.A., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., A.R., G.N.P.), Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., A.R., G.N.P.), Department of Internal Medicine (D.R.-L., A.R.), Department of Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Department of Surgery (W.W., R.G.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Wendy Weighell
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., H.M.A., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., A.R., G.N.P.), Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., A.R., G.N.P.), Department of Internal Medicine (D.R.-L., A.R.), Department of Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Department of Surgery (W.W., R.G.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Randolph Guzman
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., H.M.A., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., A.R., G.N.P.), Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., A.R., G.N.P.), Department of Internal Medicine (D.R.-L., A.R.), Department of Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Department of Surgery (W.W., R.G.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N. Pierce
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., H.M.A., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., A.R., G.N.P.), Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (S.P.B.C., D.R.-L., A.R., G.N.P.), Department of Internal Medicine (D.R.-L., A.R.), Department of Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Department of Surgery (W.W., R.G.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Austria JA, Aliani M, Malcolmson LJ, Dibrov E, Blackwood DP, Maddaford TG, Guzman R, Pierce GN. Daily choices of functional foods supplemented with milled flaxseed by a patient population over one year. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Ganguly R, LaVallee R, Maddaford TG, Devaney B, Bassett CM, Edel AL, Pierce GN. Ruminant and industrial trans-fatty acid uptake in the heart. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 31:60-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant N Pierce
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (GNP, e-mail: , DR-L, SPBC, ALE)
| | - Delfin Rodriguez-Leyva
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (GNP, e-mail: , DR-L, SPBC, ALE)
| | - Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (GNP, e-mail: , DR-L, SPBC, ALE)
| | - Andrea L Edel
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (GNP, e-mail: , DR-L, SPBC, ALE)
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Pierce GN. The Grand Experiment changing peer review and the granting structure at Canada's largest funder of medical research. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:vii. [PMID: 26005907 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Edel AL, Rodriguez-Leyva D, Maddaford TG, Caligiuri SP, Austria JA, Weighell W, Guzman R, Aliani M, Pierce GN. Dietary flaxseed independently lowers circulating cholesterol and lowers it beyond the effects of cholesterol-lowering medications alone in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Nutr 2015; 145:749-57. [PMID: 25694068 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.204594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary flaxseed lowers cholesterol in healthy subjects with mild biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the effects of dietary flaxseed on plasma cholesterol in a patient population with clinically significant CVD and in those administered cholesterol-lowering medications (CLMs), primarily statins. METHODS This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial examined the effects of a diet supplemented for 12 mo with foods that contained either 30 g of milled flaxseed [milled flaxseed treatment (FX) group; n = 58] or 30 g of whole wheat [placebo (PL) group; n = 52] in a patient population with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Plasma lipids were measured at 0, 1, 6, and 12 mo. RESULTS Dietary flaxseed in PAD patients resulted in a 15% reduction in circulating LDL cholesterol as early as 1 mo into the trial (P = 0.05). The concentration in the FX group (2.1 ± 0.10 mmol/L) tended to be less than in the PL group (2.5 ± 0.2 mmol/L) at 6 mo (P = 0.12), but not at 12 mo (P = 0.33). Total cholesterol also tended to be lower in the FX group than in the PL group at 1 mo (11%, P = 0.05) and 6 mo (11%, P = 0.07), but not at 12 mo (P = 0.24). In a subgroup of patients taking flaxseed and CLM (n = 36), LDL-cholesterol concentrations were lowered by 8.5% ± 3.0% compared with baseline after 12 mo. This differed from the PL + CLM subgroup (n = 26), which increased by 3.0% ± 4.4% (P = 0.030) to a final concentration of 2.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L. CONCLUSIONS Milled flaxseed lowers total and LDL cholesterol in patients with PAD and has additional LDL-cholesterol-lowering capabilities when used in conjunction with CLMs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00781950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Edel
- Canadian Center for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, and the Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | | | - Thane G Maddaford
- Canadian Center for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, and the Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - Stephanie Pb Caligiuri
- Canadian Center for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, and the Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - J Alejandro Austria
- Canadian Center for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, and the Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - Wendy Weighell
- the Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Randolph Guzman
- the Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Michel Aliani
- Canadian Center for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, and Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Canadian Center for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, and the Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences,
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Ganguly R, Pierce GN. The toxicity of dietary trans fats. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 78:170-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Chahine MN, Mioulane M, Sikkel MB, O'Gara P, Dos Remedios CG, Pierce GN, Lyon AR, Földes G, Harding SE. Nuclear pore rearrangements and nuclear trafficking in cardiomyocytes from rat and human failing hearts. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 105:31-43. [PMID: 25341891 PMCID: PMC4277256 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims During cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocytes (CMs) increase in the size and expression of cytoskeletal proteins while reactivating a foetal gene programme. The process is proposed to be dependent on increased nuclear export and, since nuclear pore trafficking has limited capacity, a linked decrease in import. Our objective was to investigate the role of nuclear import and export in control of hypertrophy in rat and human heart failure (HF). Methods and results In myocardial tissue and isolated CMs from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, nuclear size was increased; Nucleoporin p62, cytoplasmic RanBP1, and nuclear translocation of importins (α and β) were decreased while Exportin-1 was increased. CM from a rat HF model 16 weeks after myocardial infarction (MI) reproduced these nuclear changes. Nuclear import, determined by the rate of uptake of nuclear localization sequence (NLS)-tagged fluorescent substrate, was also decreased and this change was observed from 4 weeks after MI, before HF has developed. Treatment of isolated rat CMs with phenylephrine (PE) for 48 h produced similar cell and nuclear size increases, nuclear import and export protein rearrangement, and NLS substrate uptake decrease through p38 MAPK and HDAC-dependent pathways. The change in NLS substrate uptake occurred within 15 min of PE exposure. Inhibition of nuclear export with leptomycin B reversed established nuclear changes in PE-treated rat CMs and decreased NLS substrate uptake and cell/nuclear size in human CMs. Conclusions Nuclear transport changes related to increased export and decreased import are an early event in hypertrophic development. Hypertrophy can be prevented, or even reversed, by targeting import/export, which may open new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alexander R Lyon
- NHLI, Imperial College, London, UK NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
It is now well known that a cardiomyopathic state accompanies diabetes mellitus. Although insulin injections and conventional hypoglycemic drug therapy have been of invaluable help in reducing cardiac damage and dysfunction in diabetes, cardiac failure continues to be a common cause of death in the diabetic population. The use of alternative medicine to maintain health and treat a variety of diseases has achieved increasing popularity in recent years. The goal of alternative therapies in diabetic patients has been to lower circulating blood glucose levels and thereby treat diabetic complications. This paper will focus its discussion on the role of vanadium on diabetes and the associated cardiac dysfunction. Careful administration of a variety of forms of vanadium has produced impressive long-lasting control of blood glucose levels in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in animals. This has been accompanied by, in many cases, a complete correction of the diabetic cardiomyopathy. The oral delivery of vanadium as a vanadate salt in the presence of tea has produced particularly impressive hypoglycemic effects and a restoration of cardiac function. This intriguing approach to the treatment of diabetes and its complications, however, deserves further intense investigation prior to its use as a conventional therapy for diabetic complications due to the unknown long-term effects of vanadium accumulation in the heart and other organs of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tod A Clark
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Abstract
It is now well known that a cardiomyopathic state accompanies diabetes mellitus. Although insulin injections and conventional hypoglycemic drug therapy have been of invaluable help in reducing cardiac damage and dysfunction in diabetes, cardiac failure continues to be a common cause of death in the diabetic population. The use of alternative medicine to maintain health and treat a variety of diseases has achieved increasing popularity in recent years. The goal of alternative therapies in diabetic patients has been to lower circulating blood glucose levels and thereby treat diabetic complications. This paper will focus its discussion on the role of vanadium on diabetes and the associated cardiac dysfunction. Careful administration of a variety of forms of vanadium has produced impressive long-lasting control of blood glucose levels in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in animals. This has been accompanied by, in many cases, a complete correction of the diabetic cardiomyopathy. The oral delivery of vanadium as a vanadate salt in the presence of tea has produced particularly impressive hypoglycemic effects and a restoration of cardiac function. This intriguing approach to the treatment of diabetes and its complications, however, deserves further intense investigation prior to its use as a conventional therapy for diabetic complications due to the unknown long-term effects of vanadium accumulation in the heart and other organs of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tod A Clark
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Pierce GN. On meetings and conferences: Is bigger really better? Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:v. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Caligiuri SPB, Penner B, Pierce GN. The HYPERFlax trial for determining the anti-HYPERtensive effects of dietary flaxseed in newly diagnosed stage 1 hypertensive patients: study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Trials 2014; 15:232. [PMID: 24938224 PMCID: PMC4073186 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2013 the World Health Organization deemed hypertension as a global crisis as it is the leading risk factor attributed to global mortality. Therefore, there is a great need for effective alternative treatment strategies to combat a condition that affects 40% of adults worldwide. Recently, the FlaxPAD Trial observed a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with peripheral arterial disease that consumed 30 g of milled flaxseed per day for one year. However, these patients were already on anti-hypertensive medication. Therefore, there is a need to assess if dietary flaxseed can effectively reduce blood pressure in the absence of peripheral arterial disease and anti-hypertensive medication in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Methods/Design The HYPERFlax Trial is a parallel, superiority, phase II/III, randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. St. Boniface Hospital and the Health Sciences Centre of Winnipeg, Canada, will recruit 100 participants newly diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension who have yet to be administered anti-hypertensive medication. Participants will be randomly allocated with a 1:1 ratio into a flaxseed or control group and provided food products to consume daily for six months. At baseline, two, four, and six months, participant assessments will include the primary outcome measure, averaged automated blood pressure, and secondary measures: 24-hour food recall, international physical activity questionnaire, anthropometrics, and blood and urine sampling for biochemical analysis. Plasma will be assessed for lipids, metabolomics profiling, and molecules that regulate vascular tone. Urine will be collected for metabolomics profiling. With an estimated dropout rate of 20%, the trial will have a power of 0.80 to detect differences between groups and across time, out of an effect size of 0.7 (SD) at an α level of 0.05. Discussion This trial will determine if dietary flaxseed is efficacious over six months as an anti-hypertensive therapy in subjects newly diagnosed with hypertension. If flaxseed can effectively reduce blood pressure as a monotherapy, then flaxseed will provide individuals on a global basis with a cost-effective food-based strategy to control hypertension. Trial registration NCT01952340, Registered 24 September 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grant N Pierce
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), St, Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
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Pierce GN. The Gretzky approach is good for business and research. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:iii. [PMID: 24896302 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Caligiuri SPB, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Guzman R, Dibrov E, Pierce GN. Flaxseed consumption reduces blood pressure in patients with hypertension by altering circulating oxylipins via an α-linolenic acid-induced inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Hypertension 2014; 64:53-9. [PMID: 24777981 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In a randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial, participants with peripheral arterial disease (75% hypertensive) consumed 30 g of milled flaxseed/d for 6 months. The flaxseed group exhibited significant reductions in systolic (-10 mm Hg) and diastolic (-7 mm Hg) blood pressure. Flaxseed contains the n3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid. Plasma α-linolenic acid increased with ingestion of flaxseed and was inversely associated with blood pressure. However, the antihypertensive mechanism was unclear. Oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids regulate vascular tone. Therefore, the objective was to examine whether flaxseed consumption altered plasma oxylipins in a manner that influenced blood pressure. Plasma of FlaxPAD (Flaxseed for Peripheral Arterial Disease) participants underwent solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis. The flaxseed group exhibited significant decreases in 8 plasma oxylipins versus control. Six of these (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid and 9,10- and 12,13-dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid) were products of soluble epoxide hydrolase, a pharmacological target for antihypertensive treatment. Patients exhibiting a decrease in total plasma soluble epoxide hydrolase-derived oxylipins, exhibited a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (mean [95% confidence interval], -7.97 [-14.4 to -1.50] mm Hg) versus those who exhibited increased plasma soluble epoxide hydrolase-derived oxylipins (+3.17 [-4.78 to 11.13] mm Hg). These data suggest that a flaxseed bioactive may have decreased blood pressure via soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition. Using a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor screening assay, increasing concentrations of α-linolenic acid decreased soluble epoxide hydrolase activity (P=0.0048; ρ=-0.94). In conclusion, α-linolenic acid in flaxseed may have inhibited soluble epoxide hydrolase, which altered oxylipin concentrations that contributed to the antihypertensive effects in patients with peripheral arterial disease. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00781950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P B Caligiuri
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., H.M.A., E.D., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.B.C., A.R., E.D., G.N.P.), Asper Clinical Research Institute (R.G.), St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and Departments of Physiology (S.P.B.C., A.R., G.N.P.), Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Internal Medicine (A.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., H.M.A., E.D., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.B.C., A.R., E.D., G.N.P.), Asper Clinical Research Institute (R.G.), St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and Departments of Physiology (S.P.B.C., A.R., G.N.P.), Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Internal Medicine (A.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., H.M.A., E.D., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.B.C., A.R., E.D., G.N.P.), Asper Clinical Research Institute (R.G.), St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and Departments of Physiology (S.P.B.C., A.R., G.N.P.), Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Internal Medicine (A.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Randy Guzman
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., H.M.A., E.D., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.B.C., A.R., E.D., G.N.P.), Asper Clinical Research Institute (R.G.), St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and Departments of Physiology (S.P.B.C., A.R., G.N.P.), Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Internal Medicine (A.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elena Dibrov
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., H.M.A., E.D., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.B.C., A.R., E.D., G.N.P.), Asper Clinical Research Institute (R.G.), St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and Departments of Physiology (S.P.B.C., A.R., G.N.P.), Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Internal Medicine (A.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- From the Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine (S.P.B.C., H.M.A., E.D., G.N.P.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.P.B.C., A.R., E.D., G.N.P.), Asper Clinical Research Institute (R.G.), St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and Departments of Physiology (S.P.B.C., A.R., G.N.P.), Human Nutritional Sciences (H.M.A.), and Internal Medicine (A.R.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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