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Dong Y, Zou Z, Deng P, Fan X, Li C. Circulating metabolites and depression: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1146613. [PMID: 37152596 PMCID: PMC10160621 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1146613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown an association between depression and circulating metabolites, but the causal relationship between them has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the causal relationship between circulating metabolites and depression and to explore the role of circulating metabolites in depression. Methods In this study, the top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with circulating metabolites (n = 24,925) and depression (n = 322,580) were obtained based on the publicly available genome-wide association study using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). SNP estimates were summarized through inverse variance weighted, MR Egger, weighted median, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, and "leave-one-out" methods. Results Apolipoprotein A-I (OR 0.990, 95% CI 981-0.999) and glutamine (OR 0.985, 95% CI 0.972-0.997) had protective causal effects on depression, whereas acetoacetate (OR 1.021, 95% CI 1.009-1.034), glycoproteins (OR 1.005, 95% CI 1.000-1.009), isoleucine (OR 1.013, 95% CI 1.002-1.024), and urea (OR 1.020, 95% CI 1.000-1.039) had an anti-protective effect on depression. Reversed MR showed no effect of depression on the seven circulating metabolites. Conclusion In this study, MR analysis showed that apolipoprotein A-I and glutamine had a protective effect on depression, and acetoacetate, glycoprotein, isoleucine, glucose, and urea may be risk factors for depression. Therefore, further research must be conducted to translate the findings into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zengxiao Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pin Deng
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Xiaoping Fan
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Chunlin Li
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Xiao M, Xiang W, Chen Y, Peng N, Du X, Lu S, Zuo Y, Li B, Hu Y, Li X. DHA Ameliorates Cognitive Ability, Reduces Amyloid Deposition, and Nerve Fiber Production in Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:852433. [PMID: 35782939 PMCID: PMC9240638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.852433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is very complex. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is important in cognitive ability and nervous system development. A limited number of studies have evaluated the efficacy of DHA in the treatment of AD.IntroductionWe detected neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the hippocampus and cortex of transgenic mice brain through silver glycine staining. We determined the activity of neurons by staining Nissl bodies, used liquid NMR to detect metabolites in the brain, and functional magnetic resonance imaging results to observe the connection signal value between brain regions.Materials and MethodsWe fed 3-month-old APP/PS1 double transgenic mice with DHA mixed feeds for 4 months to assess the effects of DHA on cognitive ability in AD mice through the Morris water maze and open field tests. To evaluate its effects with AD pathology, continuous feeding was done until the mice reached 9 months of age.ResultsCompared to AD mice, escape latency significantly decreased on the fifth day while swimming speed, target quadrant stay time, and the crossing number of platforms increased by varying degrees after DHA treatment. Brain tissue section staining revealed that DHA significantly reduced Aβ and nerve fibers in the brain of AD mice.ConclusionDHA significantly reduced the deposition of Aβ in the brain and inhibited the production of nerve fibers, thereby increasing cognitive abilities in AD mice. In addition, DHA suppressed blood lipid levels, and restored uric acid and urea levels, implying that DHA is a potential therapeutic option for early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Yashu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology and Genetic Breeding, Oil Crops Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Peng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuhuan Lu
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Zuo
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Boling Li
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggang Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- CABIO Biotech (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyu Li,
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Atherogenesis, Transcytosis, and the Transmural Cholesterol Flux: A Critical Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2253478. [PMID: 35464770 PMCID: PMC9023196 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2253478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The recently described phenomenon of cholesterol-loaded low-density lipoproteins (LDL) entering the arterial wall from the lumen by transcytosis has been accepted as an alternative for the long-held concept that atherogenesis involves only passive LDL movement across an injured or dysfunctional endothelial barrier. This active transport of LDL can now adequately explain why plaques (atheromas) appear under an intact, uninjured endothelium. However, the LDL transcytosis hypothesis is still questionable, mainly because the process serves no clear physiological purpose. Moreover, central components of the putative LDL transcytosis apparatus are shared by the counter process of cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and therefore can essentially create an energy-wasting futile cycle and paradoxically be pro- and antiatherogenic simultaneously. Hence, by critically reviewing the literature, we wish to put forward an alternative interpretation that, in our opinion, better fits the experimental evidence. We assert that most of the accumulating cholesterol (mainly as LDL) reaches the intima not from the lumen by transcytosis, but from the artery's inner layers: the adventitia and media. We have named this directional cholesterol transport transmural cholesterol flux (TCF). We suggest that excess cholesterol, diffusing from the avascular (i.e., devoid of blood and lymph vessels) media's smooth muscle cells, is cleared by the endothelium through its apical membrane. A plaque is formed when this cholesterol clearance rate lags behind its rate of arrival by TCF.
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Yang Y, Chen Z, Zhao X, Xie H, Du L, Gao H, Xie C. Mechanisms of Kaempferol in the treatment of diabetes: A comprehensive and latest review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:990299. [PMID: 36157449 PMCID: PMC9490412 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.990299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-insulin resistance-β-cells apoptosis" is an important trilogy of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. With the global pandemic of obesity and diabetes, continuous research and development of new drugs focuses on the prevention of the pathological progress of these diseases. According to a recent study, the natural product kaempferol has excellent antidiabetic effects. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarized the frontier studies and pharmacological mechanisms of kaempferol in the treatment of diabetes. The successful research and development of kaempferol may yield a significant leap in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Gao, ; Chunguang Xie,
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Gao, ; Chunguang Xie,
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Sialic Acid Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits by Reducing Amyloid Deposition, Nerve Fiber Production, and Neuronal Apoptosis in a Mice Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. NEUROSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: As a natural carbohydrate, sialic acid (SA) is helpful for brain development, cognitive ability, and the nervous system, but there are few reports about the effect of SA on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). (2) Method: The present study evaluated the effect of SA on cognitive ability, neuronal activity, Aβ formation, and tau hyperphosphorylation in a double transgenic AD (2×Tg-AD) mice model. The 2×Tg-AD mice were randomly divided into four groups: the AD control group, 17 mg/kg SA-treated AD group, 84 mg/kg SA-treated AD group, and 420 mg/kg SA-treated AD group. Mice from all four groups were fed to 7 months of age for the behavioral test and to 9 months of age for the pathological factors investigation. (3) Results: In the Morris water maze, the escape latency significantly decreased on the fifth day in the SA-treated groups. The number of rearing and crossing times in the open field test also increased significantly, compared with the control group. SA treatment significantly reduced amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and nerve fibers and increased the number of Nissl bodies in the brain of AD mice. (4) Conclusions: SA reduced the neuron damage by reducing Aβ and inhibited tau protein hyperphosphorylation, which improved the cognitive ability and mobility of AD mice.
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Kim JY, Park JT, Kim HW, Chang TI, Kang EW, Ahn C, Oh KH, Lee J, Chung W, Kim YS, Kim SW, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Han SH. Inflammation Alters Relationship Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From KNOW-CKD. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021731. [PMID: 34369187 PMCID: PMC8475026 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.021731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The function of high‐density lipoprotein can change from protective to proatherosclerotic under inflammatory conditions. Herein, we studied whether inflammation could modify the relationship between high‐density lipoprotein level and risk of adverse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease . Methods and Results In total, 1864 patients from the prospective KNOW‐CKD (Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease) were enrolled. The main predictor was high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) level. Presence of inflammation was defined by hs‐CRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein) level of ≥1.0 mg/L. The primary outcome was extended major adverse cardiovascular events. During 9231.2 person‐years of follow‐up, overall incidence of the primary outcome was 15.8 per 1000 person‐years. In multivariable Cox analysis after adjusting for confounders, HDL‐C level was not associated with the primary outcome. There was a significant interaction between the inflammatory status and HDL‐C for risk of extended major adverse cardiovascular events (P=0.003). In patients without inflammation, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) for HDL‐C levels <40, 50 to 59, and ≥60 mg/dL were 1.10 (0.50–1.82), 0.95 (0.50–1.82), and 0.42 (0.19–0.95), respectively, compared with HDL‐C of 40 to 49 mg/dL. However, the significant association for HDL‐C ≥60 mg/dL was not seen after Bonferroni correction. In patients with inflammation, we observed a trend toward increased risk of extended major adverse cardiovascular events in higher HDL‐C groups (HRs [95% CIs], 0.73 [0.37–1.43], 1.24 [0.59–2.61], and 1.56 [0.71–3.45], respectively), but without statistical significance. Conclusions The association between HDL‐C level and adverse cardiovascular outcomes showed reverse trends based on inflammation status in Korean patients with chronic kidney disease. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01630486.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea.,Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine National Health Insurance Service Medical CenterIlsan Hospital Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Tae-Ik Chang
- Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine National Health Insurance Service Medical CenterIlsan Hospital Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Ea Wha Kang
- Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine National Health Insurance Service Medical CenterIlsan Hospital Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Korea
| | - Joongyub Lee
- Department of Prevention and Management School of Medicine Inha University Incheon Korea
| | - Wookyung Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine Gachon University, Gil Hospital Incheon Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine Seoul St. Mary's Hospital The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
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7
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Brix B, Sery O, Onorato A, Ure C, Roessler A, Goswami N. Biology of Lymphedema. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040261. [PMID: 33806183 PMCID: PMC8065876 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Lymphedema is a chronic, debilitating disease of the lymphatic vasculature. Although several reviews focus on the anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system, this review provides an overview of the lymphatic vasculature and, moreover, of lymphatic system dysfunction and lymphedema. Further, we aim at advancing the knowledge in the area of lymphatic system function and how dysfunction of the lymphatic system—as seen in lymphedema—affects physiological systems, such as the cardiovascular system, and how those might be modulated by lymphedema therapy. Abstract This narrative review portrays the lymphatic system, a poorly understood but important physiological system. While several reviews have been published that are related to the biology of the lymphatic system and lymphedema, the physiological alternations, which arise due to disturbances of this system, and during lymphedema therapy, are poorly understood and, consequently, not widely reported. We present an inclusive collection of evidence from the scientific literature reflecting important developments in lymphedema research over the last few decades. This review aims at advancing the knowledge on the area of lymphatic system function as well as how system dysfunction, as seen in lymphedema, affects physiological systems and how lymphedema therapy modulates these mechanisms. We propose that future studies should aim at investigating, in-detail, aspects that are related to fluid regulation, hemodynamic responses, and endothelial and/or vascular changes due to lymphedema and lymphedema therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Brix
- Gravitational Physiology and Medicine Research Unit, Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 3810 Graz, Austria; (B.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Omar Sery
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | | | - Christian Ure
- Wolfsberg Clinical Center for Lymphatic Disorders, Wolfsberg State Hospital, KABEG, 9400 Wolfsberg, Austria;
| | - Andreas Roessler
- Gravitational Physiology and Medicine Research Unit, Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 3810 Graz, Austria; (B.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Gravitational Physiology and Medicine Research Unit, Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 3810 Graz, Austria; (B.B.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-73852
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Khalil A, Fulop T, Berrougui H. Role of Paraoxonase1 in the Regulation of High-Density Lipoprotein Functionality and in Cardiovascular Protection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:191-200. [PMID: 31969002 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Human paraoxonase (PON) is a member of the gene family that includes paraoxonase 1 (PON1), PON2, and PON3. PON is known for its capacity to hydrolyze a wide range of substrates, including organophosphorus compounds, nerve gases, and aromatic carboxylic acid esters. Recent Advances: Several studies have highlighted the involvement of PON, particularly PON1, in the modulation of the capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to protect against the atherosclerosis process and its clinical manifestations. PON1 exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and may be involved in the regulation of the principal antiatherogenic activity of HDL, that is, the regulation of the reverse cholesterol transport process. Critical Issues: Although epidemiological studies have shown that there is an inverse relationship between HDL levels and cardiovascular risk, several studies have emphasized the importance of HDL functionality in protecting against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Given that PON1 is involved in several atheroprotective functions of HDL, the aim of this article is to review the existing literature on PON1 and to discuss the principal mechanisms by which PON1 may exert its different activities. Future Directions: The elucidation of the mechanisms by which PON1 modulates the functionality of HDL as well as the identification of the interventions that stimulate PON1 activity and/or increase its plasma concentration would make it possible to propose new strategies to prevent CVD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 191-200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelouahed Khalil
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Hicham Berrougui
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.,Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal, Morocco
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Nam KH, Chang TI, Joo YS, Kim J, Lee S, Lee C, Yun HR, Park JT, Yoo TH, Sung SA, Lee KB, Oh KH, Kim SW, Lee J, Kang SW, Choi KH, Ahn C, Han SH. Association Between Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From the KNOW-CKD. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011162. [PMID: 30859896 PMCID: PMC6475054 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background High-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL -C) levels are generally decreased in patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ). However, studies on the relationship between HDL -C and CKD progression are scarce. Methods and Results We studied the association between serum HDL -C levels and the risk of CKD progression in 2168 participants of the KNOW - CKD (Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease). The primary outcome was the composite of a 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline or end-stage renal disease. The secondary outcome was the onset of end-stage renal disease. During a median follow-up of 3.1 (interquartile range, 1.6-4.5) years, the primary outcome occurred in 335 patients (15.5%). In a fully adjusted Cox model, the lowest category with HDL -C of <30 mg/dL (hazard ratio, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.30-3.77) and the highest category with HDL -C of ≥60 mg/dL (hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% CI , 1.35-3.10) were associated with a significantly higher risk of the composite renal outcome, compared with the reference category with HDL -C of 50 to 59 mg/dL. This association remained unaltered in a time-varying Cox analysis. In addition, a fully adjusted cubic spline model with HDL -C being treated as a continuous variable yielded similar results. Furthermore, consistent findings were obtained in a secondary outcome analysis for the development of end-stage renal disease. Conclusions A U-shaped association was observed between serum HDL -C levels and adverse renal outcomes in this large cohort of patients with CKD . Our findings suggest that both low and high serum HDL -C levels may be detrimental to patients with nondialysis CKD .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Heon Nam
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea.,2 Division of Integrated Medicine Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Tae Ik Chang
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine National Health Insurance Service Medical Center Ilsan Hospital Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Young Su Joo
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Joohwan Kim
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Sangmi Lee
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Changhyun Lee
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Hae-Ryong Yun
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Su Ah Sung
- 5 Department of Internal Medicine Eulji General Hospital Eulji School of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Kyu-Beck Lee
- 6 Department of Internal Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- 7 Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- 8 Department of Internal Medicine Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School Gwangju Korea
| | - Joongyub Lee
- 9 Department of Prevention and Management Inha University School of Medicine Incheon Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea.,3 Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Severance Biomedical Science Institute Brain Korea 21 PLUS Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Kyu Hun Choi
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- 7 Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Institute of Kidney Disease Research Yonsei University Seoul Korea
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Ciccone L, Shi C, di Lorenzo D, Van Baelen AC, Tonali N. The Positive Side of the Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid Cross-Interactions: The Case of the Aβ 1-42 Peptide with Tau, TTR, CysC, and ApoA1. Molecules 2020; 25:E2439. [PMID: 32456156 PMCID: PMC7288020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a progressive amyloidogenic disorder whose advancement is widely recognized to be connected to amyloid-β peptides and Tau aggregation. However, several other processes likely contribute to the development of AD and some of them might be related to protein-protein interactions. Amyloid aggregates usually contain not only single type of amyloid protein, but also other type of proteins and this phenomenon can be rationally explained by the process of protein cross-seeding and co-assembly. Amyloid cross-interaction is ubiquitous in amyloid fibril formation and so a better knowledge of the amyloid interactome could help to further understand the mechanisms of amyloid related diseases. In this review, we discuss about the cross-interactions of amyloid-β peptides, and in particular Aβ1-42, with other amyloids, which have been presented either as integrated part of Aβ neurotoxicity process (such as Tau) or conversely with a preventive role in AD pathogenesis by directly binding to Aβ (such as transthyretin, cystatin C and apolipoprotein A1). Particularly, we will focus on all the possible therapeutic strategies aiming to rescue the Aβ toxicity by taking inspiration from these protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ciccone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chenghui Shi
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément 5, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (C.S.); (D.d.L.)
| | - Davide di Lorenzo
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément 5, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (C.S.); (D.d.L.)
| | - Anne-Cécile Van Baelen
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, Université Paris Saclay, SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - Nicolo Tonali
- CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément 5, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (C.S.); (D.d.L.)
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11
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Castaño D, Rattanasopa C, Monteiro-Cardoso VF, Corlianò M, Liu Y, Zhong S, Rusu M, Liehn EA, Singaraja RR. Lipid efflux mechanisms, relation to disease and potential therapeutic aspects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:54-93. [PMID: 32423566 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules involved in diverse functions such as membrane structure, energy metabolism, immunity, and signaling. However, altered intra-cellular lipid levels or composition can lead to metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction, as well as lipotoxicity. Thus, intra-cellular lipid homeostasis is tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms. Since most peripheral cells do not catabolize cholesterol, efflux (extra-cellular transport) of cholesterol is vital for lipid homeostasis. Defective efflux contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development, impaired β-cell insulin secretion, and neuropathology. Of these, defective lipid efflux in macrophages in the arterial walls leading to foam cell and atherosclerotic plaque formation has been the most well studied, likely because a leading global cause of death is cardiovascular disease. Circulating high density lipoprotein particles play critical roles as acceptors of effluxed cellular lipids, suggesting their importance in disease etiology. We review here mechanisms and pathways that modulate lipid efflux, the role of lipid efflux in disease etiology, and therapeutic options aimed at modulating this critical process.
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Ou M, Li X, Zhao S, Cui S, Tu J. Long non-coding RNA CDKN2B-AS1 contributes to atherosclerotic plaque formation by forming RNA-DNA triplex in the CDKN2B promoter. EBioMedicine 2020; 55:102694. [PMID: 32335370 PMCID: PMC7184162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis involves a slow process of plaque formation on the walls of arteries, and comprises a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this study, we aim to explore the possible involvement of lncRNA 'cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense noncoding RNA' (CDKN2B-AS1) and CDKN2B in the progression of atherosclerosis. METHODS Initially, we quantified the expression of CDKN2B-AS1 in atherosclerotic plaque tissues and, in THP-1 macrophage-derived, and human primary macrophage (HPM)-derived foam cells. Next, we established a mouse model of atherosclerosis using apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice, where lipid uptake, lipid accumulation, and macrophage reverse cholesterol transport (mRCT) were assessed, in order to explore the contributory role of CDKN2B-AS1 to the progression of atherosclerosis. RIP and ChIP assays were used to identify interactions between CDKN2B-AS1, CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF), enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2), and CDKN2B. Triplex formation was determined by RNA-DNA pull-down and capture assay as well as EMSA experiment. FINDINGS CDKN2B-AS1 showed high expression levels in atherosclerosis, whereas CDKN2B showed low expression levels. CDKN2B-AS1 accelerated lipid uptake and intracellular lipid accumulation whilst attenuating mRCT in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells, HPM-derived foam cells, and in the mouse model. EZH2 and CTCF were found to bind to the CDKN2B promoter region. An RNA-DNA triplex formed by CDKN2B-AS1 and CDKN2B promoter was found to recruit EZH2 and CTCF in the CDKN2B promoter region and consequently inhibit CDKN2B transcription by accelerating histone methylation. INTERPRETATION The results demonstrated that CDKN2B-AS1 promotes atherosclerotic plaque formation and inhibits mRCT in atherosclerosis by regulating CDKN2B promoter, and thereby could be a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Ou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, PR China
| | - Shibo Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, PR China
| | - Shichao Cui
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, PR China
| | - Jie Tu
- Department of Science and Education, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, No. 1, Jiaozhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, PR China.
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13
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Fan Q, Zhu Y, Zhao F. Association of rs2230806 in ABCA1 with coronary artery disease: An updated meta-analysis based on 43 research studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18662. [PMID: 31977856 PMCID: PMC7004746 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a key gene in the reverse transport pathway of cholesterol, ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). In the ABCA1, rs2230806 is the most widely studied polymorphism and its role has been controversial. METHODS We performed an updated meta-analysis by searching online electronic databases using the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wan Fang databases before June 28, 2019. STATA12.0 software was used to perform a series of analyses on the data, including genetic effect model, heterogeneity, sensitivity, and publication bias analysis. RESULTS Based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 43 articles including a total of 34,348 subjects (14,085 CAD cases and 20,263 healthy controls) were investigated. Results showed that carrying the K allele in rs223086 in the overall population significantly reduced the risk of CAD (OR = 0.745, 95% CI = 0.687-0.809, P < .001). After the ethnicity stratification analysis, the above phenomenon was found to be significant in Asian populations (OR = 0.686, 95% CI = 0.633-0.744, P < .001), marginally significant in Caucasians (OR = 0.887, 95% CI = 0.786-1.001, P = .051), and not significant in other populations (OR = 0.851, 95% CI = 0.558-1.297, P = .452). Further stratified according to the sample size in the Asian and Caucasian populations, in the Asian the K allele is more protective in small samples than large samples; however, in the Caucasian small samples carrying the K allele play a protective role while large samples are negative. In addition, according to the source of the control population and the geographical location in China, the results showed that rs2230806 was significantly associated with CAD in any group. Five genetic models (allelic, recessive, dominant, homozygote, and heterozygote) were analyzed in the above analysis. CONCLUSION The K allele of rs2230806 was significantly associated with decreased risk of CAD, especially in Asian populations and small sample Caucasians.
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Zhang T, Chen J, Tang X, Luo Q, Xu D, Yu B. Interaction between adipocytes and high-density lipoprotein:new insights into the mechanism of obesity-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:223. [PMID: 31842884 PMCID: PMC6913018 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide and is associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The hallmark of dyslipidemia in obesity is low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Moreover, the quality of HDL is also changed in the obese setting. However, there are still some disputes on the explanations for this phenomenon. There is increasing evidence that adipose tissue, as an energy storage tissue, participates in several metabolism activities, such as hormone secretion and cholesterol efflux. It can influence overall reverse cholesterol transport and plasma HDL-C level. In obesity individuals, the changes in morphology and function of adipose tissue affect plasma HDL-C levels and HDL function, thus, adipose tissue should be the main target for the treatment of HDL metabolism in obesity. In this review, we will summarize the cross-talk between adipocytes and HDL related to cardiovascular disease and focus on the new insights of the potential mechanism underlying obesity and HDL dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Hu D, Li L, Li S, Wu M, Ge N, Cui Y, Lian Z, Song J, Chen H. Lymphatic system identification, pathophysiology and therapy in the cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:99-111. [PMID: 31181226 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circulatory system comprises both the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system. In contrast to the closed, high-pressure and circular blood vascular circulation, the lymphatic system forms an open, low-pressure and unidirectional transit network from the extracellular space to the venous system. It plays a key role in regulating tissue fluid homeostasis, absorption of gastrointestinal lipids, and immune surveillance throughout the body. Despite the critical physiological functions of the lymphatic system, a complete understanding of the lymphatic vessels lags far behind that of the blood vasculatures due to the challenge of their visualization. During the last 20 years, discoveries of underlying genes responsible for lymphatic vessel biology, combined with state-of-the-art lymphatic function imaging and quantification techniques, have established the importance of the lymphatic vasculature in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including lymphedema, obesity and metabolic diseases, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammation, atherosclerosis and myocardial infraction. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in the field of lymphatic vessel biology, with an emphasis on the new identification techniques of lymphatic system, pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, and new therapeutic perspectives of lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Ge
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Renhe Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junxian Song
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial Infarction, Center for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Oat fiber inhibits atherosclerotic progression through improving lipid metabolism in ApoE−/− mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Ray A, Ghosh A, Chakraborty R, Upadhyay SK, Maiti S, Sengupta S, Thukral L. Specific Cholesterol Binding Drives Drastic Structural Alterations in Apolipoprotein A1. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6060-6065. [PMID: 30256643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteins typically adopt a multitude of flexible and rapidly interconverting conformers, many of which are governed by specific protein interaction domains. Whereas disc-shaped oligomeric HDL and its major protein component ApoA1 have been the focus of several investigations, the structural properties of monomeric ApoA1 remain poorly understood. Using tens of independent molecular simulations (>50 μs), we reveal that ApoA1 adopts a compact conformation. Upon the addition of a physiological concentration of cholesterol to ApoA1, the monomeric protein spontaneously formed a circular conformation. Remarkably, these drastic structural perturbations are driven by a specific cholesterol binding site at the C-terminal and a novel cholesterol binding site at the N-terminal. We propose a mechanism whereby ApoA1 opens in a stagewise manner and mutating the N-terminal binding site destroys the open "belt-shaped" topology. Complementary experiments confirm that the structural changes are induced by specific association of cholesterol with ApoA1, not by the nonspecific hydrophobic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Ray
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , South Campus, Mathura Road , New Delhi 110 025 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road Campus , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Asmita Ghosh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , South Campus, Mathura Road , New Delhi 110 025 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road Campus , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Rahul Chakraborty
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , South Campus, Mathura Road , New Delhi 110 025 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road Campus , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , South Campus, Mathura Road , New Delhi 110 025 , India
| | - Souvik Maiti
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , South Campus, Mathura Road , New Delhi 110 025 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road Campus , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Shantanu Sengupta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , South Campus, Mathura Road , New Delhi 110 025 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road Campus , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Lipi Thukral
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , South Campus, Mathura Road , New Delhi 110 025 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mathura Road Campus , New Delhi 110025 , India
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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Wang X, Luo J, Li N, Liu L, Han X, Liu C, Zuo X, Jiang X, Li Y, Xu Y, Si S. E3317 promotes cholesterol efflux in macrophage cells via enhancing ABCA1 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tumor necrosis factor α stimulates endogenous apolipoprotein A-I expression and secretion by human monocytes and macrophages: role of MAP-kinases, NF-κB, and nuclear receptors PPARα and LXRs. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:211-223. [PMID: 29442267 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the main structural and functional protein component of high-density lipoprotein. ApoA-I has been shown to regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation in macrophages. Recently, we found the moderate expression of endogenous apoA-I in human monocytes and macrophages and showed that pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) increases apoA-I mRNA and stimulates ApoA-I protein secretion by human monocytes and macrophages. Here, we present data about molecular mechanisms responsible for the TNFα-mediated activation of apoA-I gene in human monocytes and macrophages. This activation depends on JNK and MEK1/2 signaling pathways in human monocytes, whereas inhibition of NFκB, JNK, or p38 blocks an increase of apoA-I gene expression in the macrophages treated with TNFα. Nuclear receptor PPARα is a ligand-dependent regulator of apoA-I gene, whereas LXRs stimulate apoA-I mRNA transcription and ApoA-I protein synthesis and secretion by macrophages. Treatment of human macrophages with PPARα or LXR synthetic ligands as well as knock-down of LXRα, and LXRβ by siRNAs interfered with the TNFα-mediated activation of apoA-I gene in human monocytes and macrophages. At the same time, TNFα differently regulated the levels of PPARα, LXRα, and LXRβ binding to the apoA-I gene promoter in THP-1 cells. Obtained results suggest a novel tissue-specific mechanism of the TNFα-mediated regulation of apoA-I gene in monocytes and macrophages and show that endogenous ApoA-I might be positively regulated in macrophage during inflammation.
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Shao B, Heinecke JW. Quantifying HDL proteins by mass spectrometry: how many proteins are there and what are their functions? Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 15:31-40. [PMID: 29113513 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1402680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many lines of evidence indicate that low levels of HDL cholesterol increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, recent clinical studies of statin-treated subjects with established atherosclerosis cast doubt on the hypothesis that elevating HDL cholesterol levels reduces CVD risk. Areas covered: It is critical to identify new HDL metrics that capture HDL's proposed cardioprotective effects. One promising approach is quantitative MS/MS-based HDL proteomics. This article focuses on recent studies of the feasibility and challenges of using this strategy in translational studies. It also discusses how lipid-lowering therapy and renal disease alter HDL's functions and proteome, and how HDL might serve as a platform for binding proteins with specific functional properties. Expert commentary: It is clear that HDL has a diverse protein cargo and that its functions extend well beyond its classic role in lipid transport and reverse cholesterol transport. MS/MS analysis has demonstrated that HDL might contain >80 different proteins. Key challenges are demonstrating that these proteins truly associate with HDL, are functionally important, and that MS-based HDL proteomics can reproducibly detect biomarkers in translational studies of disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Shao
- a Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- a Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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21
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Khalil A, Kamtchueng Simo O, Ikhlef S, Berrougui H. The role of paraoxonase 1 in regulating high-density lipoprotein functionality during aging. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1254-1262. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological interventions to increase the concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) have led to disappointing results and have contributed to the emergence of the concept of HDL functionality. The anti-atherogenic activity of HDLs can be explained by their functionality or quality. The capacity of HDLs to maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis and to transport cholesterol from peripheral cells to the liver for elimination is one of their principal anti-atherogenic activities. However, HDLs possess several other attributes that contribute to their protective effect against cardiovascular diseases. HDL functionality is regulated by various proteins and lipids making up HDL particles. However, several studies investigated the role of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and suggest a significant role of this protein in the regulation of the functionality of HDLs. Moreover, research on PON1 attracted much interest following several studies indicating that it is involved in cardiovascular protection. However, the mechanisms by which PON1 exerts these effects remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelouahed Khalil
- Research Centre on Aging, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
| | | | - Souade Ikhlef
- Research Centre on Aging, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Hicham Berrougui
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, BP 592, 23000 Beni Mellal, Morocco
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22
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Kandhro AH, Shoombuatong W, Nantasenamat C, Prachayasittikul V, Nuchnoi P. The MicroRNA Interaction Network of Lipid Diseases. Front Genet 2017; 8:116. [PMID: 29018475 PMCID: PMC5615414 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia is one of the major forms of lipid disorder, characterized by increased triglycerides (TGs), increased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in blood. Recently, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to involve in various biological processes; their potential usage being a biomarkers and in diagnosis of various diseases. Computational approaches including text mining have been used recently to analyze abstracts from the public databases to observe the relationships/associations between the biological molecules, miRNAs, and disease phenotypes. Materials and Methods: In the present study, significance of text mined extracted pair associations (miRNA-lipid disease) were estimated by one-sided Fisher's exact test. The top 20 significant miRNA-disease associations were visualized on Cytoscape. The CyTargetLinker plug-in tool on Cytoscape was used to extend the network and predicts new miRNA target genes. The Biological Networks Gene Ontology (BiNGO) plug-in tool on Cytoscape was used to retrieve gene ontology (GO) annotations for the targeted genes. Results: We retrieved 227 miRNA-lipid disease associations including 148 miRNAs. The top 20 significant miRNAs analysis on CyTargetLinker provides defined, predicted and validated gene targets, further targeted genes analyzed by BiNGO showed targeted genes were significantly associated with lipid, cholesterol, apolipoprotein, and fatty acids GO terms. Conclusion: We are the first to provide a reliable miRNA-lipid disease association network based on text mining. This could help future experimental studies that aim to validate predicted gene targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul H. Kandhro
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | - Watshara Shoombuatong
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornlada Nuchnoi
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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Bernier-Latmani J, Petrova TV. Intestinal lymphatic vasculature: structure, mechanisms and functions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 14:510-526. [PMID: 28655884 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian intestine is richly supplied with lymphatic vasculature, which has functions ranging from maintenance of interstitial fluid balance to transport of antigens, antigen-presenting cells, dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. In this Review, we provide in-depth information concerning the organization and structure of intestinal lymphatics, the current view of their developmental origins, as well as molecular mechanisms of intestinal lymphatic patterning and maintenance. We will also discuss physiological aspects of intestinal lymph flow regulation and the known and emerging roles of intestinal lymphatic vessels in human diseases, such as IBD, infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Bernier-Latmani
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Chemin des Boveresses 155, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Chemin des Boveresses 155, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Route Cantonale 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Human paraoxonase 1 overexpression in mice stimulates HDL cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173385. [PMID: 28278274 PMCID: PMC5344486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of human PON1 overexpression in mice on cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport. PON1 overexpression in PON1-Tg mice induced a significant 3-fold (p<0.0001) increase in plasma paraoxonase activity and a significant ~30% (p<0.0001) increase in the capacity of HDL to mediate cholesterol efflux from J774 macrophages compared to wild-type mice. It also caused a significant 4-fold increase (p<0.0001) in the capacity of macrophages to transfer cholesterol to apoA-1, a significant 2-fold (p<0.0003) increase in ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression, and a significant increase in the expression of PPARγ (p<0.0003 and p<0.04, respectively) and LXRα (p<0.0001 and p<0.01, respectively) mRNA and protein compared to macrophages from wild-type mice. Moreover, transfection of J774 macrophages with human PON1 also increased ABCA1, PPARγ and LXRα protein expression and stimulates macrophages cholesterol efflux to apo A1. In vivo measurements showed that the overexpression of PON1 significantly increases the fecal elimination of macrophage-derived cholesterol in PON1-Tg mice. Overall, our results suggested that the overexpression of PON1 in mice may contribute to the regulation of the cholesterol homeostasis by improving the capacity of HDL to mediate cholesterol efflux and by stimulating reverse cholesterol transport.
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Luczak M, Formanowicz D, Marczak Ł, Suszyńska-Zajczyk J, Pawliczak E, Wanic-Kossowska M, Stobiecki M. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of plasma reveals abnormalities in lipid metabolism proteins in chronic kidney disease-related atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32511. [PMID: 27600335 PMCID: PMC5013279 DOI: 10.1038/srep32511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a considerably higher risk of death due to cardiovascular causes. Using an iTRAQ MS/MS approach, we investigated the alterations in plasma protein accumulation in patients with CKD and classical cardiovascular disease (CVD) without CKD. The proteomic analysis led to the identification of 130 differentially expressed proteins among CVD and CKD patients and healthy volunteers. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 29 differentially expressed proteins were involved in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, 20 of which were apolipoproteins and constituents of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Although dyslipidemia is common in CKD patients, we found that significant changes in apolipoproteins were not strictly associated with changes in plasma lipid levels. A lack of correlation between apoB and LDL concentration and an inverse relationship of some proteins with the HDL level were revealed. An increased level of apolipoprotein AIV, adiponectin, or apolipoprotein C, despite their anti-atherogenic properties, was not associated with a decrease in cardiovascular event risk in CKD patients. The presence of the distinctive pattern of apolipoproteins demonstrated in this study may suggest that lipid abnormalities in CKD are characterized by more qualitative abnormalities and may be related to HDL function rather than HDL deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Luczak
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of
Bioorganic Chemistry, Poznan, 61-138,
Poland
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan
University of Technology, Poznan, 60-965,
Poland
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine,
Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan,
60-780, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of
Bioorganic Chemistry, Poznan, 61-138,
Poland
| | - Joanna Suszyńska-Zajczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University
of Life Sciences, Poznan, 60-632,
Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pawliczak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine,
Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan,
60-355, Poland
| | - Maria Wanic-Kossowska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine,
Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan,
60-355, Poland
| | - Maciej Stobiecki
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of
Bioorganic Chemistry, Poznan, 61-138,
Poland
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Rysz-Górzyńska M, Banach M. Subfractions of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and dysfunctional HDL in chronic kidney disease patients. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:844-9. [PMID: 27478466 PMCID: PMC4947629 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.60971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have shown that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Chronic kidney disease is characterized by significant disturbances in lipoprotein metabolism, including differences in quantitative and qualitative content of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Recent studies have revealed that serum HDL cholesterol levels do not predict CVD in CKD patients; thus CKD-induced modifications in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) may be responsible for the increase in CV risk in CKD patients. Various methods are available to separate several subclasses of HDL and confirm their atheroprotective properties. However, under pathological conditions associated with inflammation and oxidation, HDL can progressively lose normal biological activities and be converted into dysfunctional HDL. In this review, we highlight the current state of knowledge on subfractions of HDL and HDL dysfunction in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rysz-Górzyńska
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Healthy Aging Research Center, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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27
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9-cis β-Carotene Increased Cholesterol Efflux to HDL in Macrophages. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070435. [PMID: 27447665 PMCID: PMC4963911 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux from macrophages is a key process in reverse cholesterol transport and, therefore, might inhibit atherogenesis. 9-cis-β-carotene (9-cis-βc) is a precursor for 9-cis-retinoic-acid (9-cis-RA), which regulates macrophage cholesterol efflux. Our objective was to assess whether 9-cis-βc increases macrophage cholesterol efflux and induces the expression of cholesterol transporters. Enrichment of a mouse diet with βc from the alga Dunaliella led to βc accumulation in peritoneal macrophages. 9-cis-βc increased the mRNA levels of CYP26B1, an enzyme that regulates RA cellular levels, indicating the formation of RA from βc in RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, 9-cis-βc, as well as all-trans-βc, significantly increased cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by 50% in RAW264.7 macrophages. Likewise, food fortification with 9-cis-βc augmented cholesterol efflux from macrophages ex vivo. 9-cis-βc increased both the mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1 and apolipoprotein E (APOE) and the mRNA level of ABCG1. Our study shows, for the first time, that 9-cis-βc from the diet accumulates in peritoneal macrophages and increases cholesterol efflux to HDL. These effects might be ascribed to transcriptional induction of ABCA1, ABCG1, and APOE. These results highlight the beneficial effect of βc in inhibition of atherosclerosis by improving cholesterol efflux from macrophages.
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Abstract
The mammalian circulatory system comprises both the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system. In contrast to the blood vascular circulation, the lymphatic system forms a unidirectional transit pathway from the extracellular space to the venous system. It actively regulates tissue fluid homeostasis, absorption of gastrointestinal lipids, and trafficking of antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes to lymphoid organs and on to the systemic circulation. The cardinal manifestation of lymphatic malfunction is lymphedema. Recent research has implicated the lymphatic system in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including obesity and metabolic disease, dyslipidemia, inflammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. Here, we review the most recent advances in the field of lymphatic vascular biology, with a focus on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksanteri Aspelund
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (A.A., M.R.R., S.K., K.A.) and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (A.A., M.R.R., K.A.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (T.M.)
| | - Marius R Robciuc
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (A.A., M.R.R., S.K., K.A.) and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (A.A., M.R.R., K.A.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (T.M.)
| | - Sinem Karaman
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (A.A., M.R.R., S.K., K.A.) and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (A.A., M.R.R., K.A.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (T.M.)
| | - Taija Makinen
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (A.A., M.R.R., S.K., K.A.) and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (A.A., M.R.R., K.A.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (T.M.)
| | - Kari Alitalo
- From the Wihuri Research Institute (A.A., M.R.R., S.K., K.A.) and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (A.A., M.R.R., K.A.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (T.M.).
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Si Y, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhai L, Zhou G, Yu A, Cao H, Shucun Q. Phospholipid transfer protein deficiency in mice impairs macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1466-72. [PMID: 27037277 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216641218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid transfer protein is expressed in various cell types and secreted into plasma, where it transfers phospholipids between lipoproteins and modulates the composition of high-density lipoprotein particles. Phospholipid transfer protein deficiency in vivo can lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level significantly and impact the biological quality of high-density lipoprotein. Considering high-density lipoprotein was a critical determinant for reverse cholesterol transport, we investigated the role of systemic phospholipid transfer protein deficiency in macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in vivo After the littermate phospholipid transfer protein KO and WT mice were fed high-fat diet for one month, they were injected intraperitoneally with (3)H-cholesterol-labeled and acLDL-loaded macrophages. Then the appearance of (3)H-tracer in plasma, liver, bile, intestinal wall, and feces over 48 h was determined. Plasma lipid analysis indicated phospholipid transfer protein deficiency lowered total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-C and apolipoprotein A1 levels significantly but increased triglyceride level in mice. The isotope tracing experiment showed (3)H-cholesterol of plasma was decreased by 68% for male and 62% for female, and (3)H-tracer of bile was decreased by 37% for male and 21% for female in phospholipid transfer protein KO mice compared with WT mice. However, there was no difference in liver, and (3)H-tracer of intestinal wall was increased by 43% for male and 27% for female. Finally, (3)H-tracer of fecal excretion in phospholipid transfer protein KO mice was reduced significantly by 36% for male and 43% for female during 0-24 h period, but there was no significant difference during 24-48 h period. Meanwhile, Western Blot analysis showed the expressions of reverse cholesterol transport -related protein liver X receptor α (LXRα), ATP binding cassette transporter A1, and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase A1 were upregulated in liver of phospholipid transfer protein KO mice compared with WT mice. These data reveal that systemic phospholipid transfer protein deficiency in mice impairs macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Si
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Lei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Guanghai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ailing Yu
- Taian Center Hospital, Taian 271000, China
| | - Haijun Cao
- Taian Center Hospital, Taian 271000, China
| | - Qin Shucun
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong and Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271000, China
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Abstract
The lymphatic system is a key component of tissue fluid homeostasis. In contrast to the closed and high-pressure blood vascular system, the lymphatic vascular system transports lymph in an open and low-pressure network. A prerequisite player in the transport of immune cells and cholesterol metabolism, it has been understudied until recently. Whereas defects in lymph circulation are mostly associated with pathologies such as congenital or acquired lymphedema, emerging significant developments are unraveling the role of lymphatic vessels in other pathological settings. In the last decade, discoveries of underlying genes responsible for developmental and postnatal lymphatic growth, combined with state-of-the-art lymphatic function imaging and quantification techniques, have matched the growing interest in understanding the role of the lymphatic system in atherosclerosis. With a historical perspective, this review highlights the current knowledge regarding interaction between the lymphatic vascular tree and atherosclerosis, with an emphasis on the physiological mechanisms of this multifaceted system throughout disease onset and progression. The blood and lymphatic vascular systems are parallel but interdependent networks. The lymphatic system governs the transport of superfluous interstitial fluids from peripheral tissues to the blood circulation, maintaining fluid balance throughout the body. Defects in lymphatic function have been broadly associated with pathologies such as congenital or acquired lymphedema. Although longstanding observations suggested that the lymphatic vasculature could be central in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, recent publications specifically point out its potential implication in atherosclerosis. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge unraveling the interaction between the lymphatic network and atherosclerosis, with an emphasis on the physiological mechanisms of this intricate system.
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Pinto PR, Rocco DDFM, Okuda LS, Machado-Lima A, Castilho G, da Silva KS, Gomes DJ, Pinto RDS, Iborra RT, Ferreira GDS, Nakandakare ER, Machado UF, Correa-Giannella MLC, Catanozi S, Passarelli M. Aerobic exercise training enhances the in vivo cholesterol trafficking from macrophages to the liver independently of changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid flux in macrophages and aorta. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:109. [PMID: 26377330 PMCID: PMC4572640 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regular exercise prevents and regresses atherosclerosis by improving lipid metabolism and antioxidant defenses. Exercise ameliorates the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), an antiatherogenic system that drives cholesterol from arterial macrophages to the liver for excretion into bile and feces. In this study we analyzed the role of aerobic exercise on the in vivo RCT and expression of genes and proteins involved in lipid flux and inflammation in peritoneal macrophages, aortic arch and liver from wild type mice. Methods Twelve-week-old male mice were divided into sedentary and trained groups. Exercise training was performed in a treadmill (15 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week). Plasma lipids were determined by enzymatic methods and lipoprotein profile by fast protein liquid chromatography. After intraperitoneal injection of J774-macrophages the RCT was assessed by measuring the recovery of 3H-cholesterol in plasma, feces and liver. The expression of liver receptors was determined by immunoblot, macrophages and aortic mRNAs by qRT-PCR. 14C-cholesterol efflux mediated by apo A-I and HDL2 and the uptake of 3H-cholesteryl oleoyl ether (3H-COE)-acetylated-LDL were determined in macrophages isolated from sedentary and trained animals 48 h after the last exercise session. Results Body weight, plasma lipids, lipoprotein profile, glucose and blood pressure were not modified by exercise training. A greater amount of 3H-cholesterol was recovered in plasma (24 h and 48 h) and liver (48 h) from trained animals in comparison to sedentary. No difference was found in 3H-cholesterol excreted in feces between trained and sedentary mice. The hepatic expression of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and LDL receptor (B-E) was enhanced by exercise. We observed 2.8 and 1.7 fold rise, respectively, in LXR and Cyp7a mRNA in the liver of trained as compared to sedentary mice. Macrophage and aortic expression of genes involved in lipid efflux was not systematically changed by physical exercise. In agreement, 14C-cholestrol efflux and uptake of 3H-COE-acetylated-LDL by macrophages was similar between sedentary and trained animals. Conclusion Aerobic exercise in vivo accelerates the traffic of cholesterol from macrophages to the liver contributing to prevention and regression of atherosclerosis, independently of changes in macrophage and aorta gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ramos Pinto
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM - 10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 3305, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246000, Brazil.
| | - Débora Dias Ferraretto Moura Rocco
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM - 10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 3305, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246000, Brazil.
| | - Ligia Shimabukuro Okuda
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM - 10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 3305, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246000, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Machado-Lima
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM - 10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 3305, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246000, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Castilho
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM - 10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 3305, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246000, Brazil.
| | - Karolline Santana da Silva
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM - 10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 3305, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246000, Brazil.
| | - Diego Juvenal Gomes
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM - 10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 3305, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246000, Brazil.
| | - Raphael de Souza Pinto
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM - 10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 3305, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246000, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Tallada Iborra
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM - 10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 3305, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246000, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme da Silva Ferreira
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM - 10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 3305, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246000, Brazil.
| | - Edna Regina Nakandakare
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM - 10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 3305, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246000, Brazil.
| | - Ubiratan Fabres Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Sergio Catanozi
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM - 10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 3305, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246000, Brazil.
| | - Marisa Passarelli
- Lipids Laboratory (LIM - 10), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, room 3305, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246000, Brazil.
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Abd Alamir M, Radulescu V, Goyfman M, Mohler ER, Gao YL, Budoff MJ. Prevalence and correlates of mitral annular calcification in adults with chronic kidney disease: Results from CRIC study. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:117-22. [PMID: 26188533 PMCID: PMC4546905 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors for mitral annular calcification (MAC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) demonstrate significant overlap in the general population. The aim of this paper is to determine whether there are independent relationships between MAC and demographics, traditional and novel CVD risk factors using cardiac CT in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) in a cross-sectional study. METHODS A sample of 2070 subjects underwent coronary calcium scanning during the CRIC study. Data were obtained for each participant at time of scan. SUBJECTS were dichotomized into the presence and absence of MAC. Differences in baseline demographic and transitional risk factor data were evaluated across groups. Covariates used in multivariable adjustment were age, gender, BMI, HDL, LDL, lipid lowering medications, smoking status, family history of heart attack, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, phosphate, PTH, albuminuria, and calcium. RESULTS Our study consisted of 2070 subjects, of which 331 had MAC (prevalence of 16.0%). The mean MAC score was 511.98 (SD 1368.76). Age and white race remained independently associated with presence of MAC. Decreased GFR was also a risk factor. African American and Hispanic race, as well as former smoking status were protective against MAC. In multivariable adjusted analyses, the remaining covariates were not significantly associated with MAC. Among renal covariates, elevated phosphate was significant. CONCLUSION In the CRIC population, presence of MAC was independently associated with age, Caucasian race, decreased GFR, and elevated phosphate. These results are suggested by mechanisms of dysregulation of inflammation, hormones, and electrolytes in subjects with renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshrik Abd Alamir
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Vlad Radulescu
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Emile R Mohler
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan Lin Gao
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA.
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Patel PN, Shah RY, Ferguson JF, Reilly MP. Human experimental endotoxemia in modeling the pathophysiology, genomics, and therapeutics of innate immunity in complex cardiometabolic diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:525-34. [PMID: 25550206 PMCID: PMC4344396 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a fundamental feature of several complex cardiometabolic diseases. Indeed, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis are all closely linked inflammatory states. Increasing evidence suggests that the infectious, biome-related, or endogenous activation of the innate immune system may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Here, we describe the human experimental endotoxemia model for the specific study of innate immunity in understanding further the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease. In a controlled, experimental setting, administration of an intravenous bolus of purified Escherichia coli endotoxin activates innate immunity in healthy human volunteers. During endotoxemia, changes emerge in glucose metabolism, lipoprotein composition, and lipoprotein functions that closely resemble those observed chronically in inflammatory cardiovascular disease risk states. In this review, we describe the transient systemic inflammation and specific metabolic consequences that develop during human endotoxemia. Such a model provides a controlled induction of systemic inflammation, eliminates confounding, undermines reverse causation, and possesses unique potential as a starting point for genomic screening and testing of novel therapeutics for treatment of the inflammatory underpinning of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth N Patel
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (P.N.P., R.Y.S., M.P.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.F.F.)
| | - Rhia Y Shah
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (P.N.P., R.Y.S., M.P.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.F.F.)
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (P.N.P., R.Y.S., M.P.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.F.F.)
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (P.N.P., R.Y.S., M.P.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.F.F.).
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34
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Kaseda R, Jabs K, Hunley TE, Jones D, Bian A, Allen RM, Vickers KC, Yancey PG, Linton MF, Fazio S, Kon V. Dysfunctional high-density lipoproteins in children with chronic kidney disease. Metabolism 2015; 64:263-73. [PMID: 25467845 PMCID: PMC4277938 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to determine if chronic kidney disease (CKD) occurring in childhood impairs the normally vasoprotective functions of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). MATERIALS AND METHODS HDLs were isolated from children with end-stage renal disease on dialysis (ESRD), children with moderate CKD and controls with normal kidney function. Macrophage response to HDLs was studied as expression of inflammatory markers (MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β) and chemotaxis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used for expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin) and adhesion. Cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and necrosis of endothelial cells were measured by MTS/PMS reagent-based assay, flow cytometry, and ELISA. Cholesterol efflux was assessed by gas chromatographic measurements of cholesterol in macrophages exposed to HDLs. RESULTS Compared with HDL(Control), HDL(CKD) and HDL(ESRD) heightened the cytokine response and disrupted macrophage chemotaxis. HDL(Control) reduced endothelial expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, whereas HDL(CKD) and HDL(ESRD) were less effective and showed reduced capacity to protect endothelial cells against monocyte adhesion. Compared with a dramatically enhanced endothelial proliferation following injurious stimulus by HDL(Control), neither HDL(CKD) nor HDL(ESRD) caused proliferative effects. HDLs of all three groups were equally protective against apoptosis assessed by flow cytometry and cleaved caspase-3 activity. Compared to HDL(Control), HDL(CKD) and HDL(ESRD) trended toward reduced capacity as cholesterol acceptors. CONCLUSION CKD in children impairs HDL function. Even in the absence of long-standing and concomitant risk factors, CKD alters specific HDL functions linked to control of inflammation and endothelial responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Apoptosis
- Biological Transport
- Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cholesterol/blood
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Coculture Techniques
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Infant
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology
- Lipoproteins, HDL/blood
- Lipoproteins, HDL/metabolism
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology
- Risk Factors
- Severity of Illness Index
- Tennessee/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kaseda
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kathy Jabs
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Tracy E Hunley
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Deborah Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Aihua Bian
- Department of Statistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Patricia G Yancey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
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35
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Nesan D, Ng DS. Revising the high-density lipoprotein targeting strategies - insights from human and preclinical studies. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 51:321-31. [PMID: 25115413 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2014.937523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) hypothesis has been challenged. Several completed randomized clinical trials continue to fall short in demonstrating HDL, or at least HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, as being a consistent target in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, population studies and findings in lipid modifying trials continue to strongly support HDL-C as a superb risk predictor. It is increasingly evident that the complexity of HDL metabolism confounds the use of HDL-C concentration as a unified target. However, important insights continue to emerge from the post hoc analyses of recently completed (i) fibrate-based FIELD and ACCORD trials, including the unexpected beneficial effect of fibrates in microvascular diseases, (ii) the niacin-based AIM-HIGH and HPS2-THRIVE studies, (iii) recombinant HDL-based as well as (iv) the completed CETP inhibitor-based trials. These together with on-going mechanistic studies on novel pathways, which include the unique roles of microRNAs, post-translational remodeling of HDL and novel pathways related to HDL modulators will provide valuable insights to guide how best to refocus and redesign the conceptual framework for selecting HDL-based targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinushan Nesan
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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Degirolamo C, Sabbà C, Moschetta A. Intestinal nuclear receptors in HDL cholesterol metabolism. J Lipid Res 2014; 56:1262-70. [PMID: 25070952 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r052704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine plays a pivotal role in cholesterol homeostasis by functioning as an absorptive and secretory organ in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. Enterocytes control cholesterol absorption, apoAI synthesis, HDL biogenesis, and nonbiliary cholesterol fecal disposal. Thus, intestine-based therapeutic interventions may hold promise in the management of diseases driven by cholesterol overload. Lipid-sensing nuclear receptors (NRs) are highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium and regulate transcriptionally the handling of cholesterol by the enterocytes. Here, we discuss the NR regulation of cholesterol fluxes across the enterocytes with special emphasis on NR exploitation as a bona fide novel HDL-raising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Degirolamo
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy Clinica Medica "Cesare Frugoni", Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
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Breevoort SR, Angdisen J, Schulman IG. Macrophage-independent regulation of reverse cholesterol transport by liver X receptors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1650-60. [PMID: 24947527 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ability of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles to accept cholesterol from peripheral cells, such as lipid-laden macrophages, and to transport cholesterol to the liver for catabolism and excretion in a process termed reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is thought to underlie the beneficial cardiovascular effects of elevated HDL. The liver X receptors (LXRs; LXRα and LXRβ) regulate RCT by controlling the efflux of cholesterol from macrophages to HDL and the excretion, catabolism, and absorption of cholesterol in the liver and intestine. Importantly, treatment with LXR agonists increases RCT and decreases atherosclerosis in animal models. Nevertheless, LXRs are expressed in multiple tissues involved in RCT, and their tissue-specific contributions to RCT are still not well defined. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using tissue-specific LXR deletions together with in vitro and in vivo assays of cholesterol efflux and fecal cholesterol excretion, we demonstrate that macrophage LXR activity is neither necessary nor sufficient for LXR agonist-stimulated RCT. In contrast, the ability of LXR agonists primarily acting in the intestine to increase HDL mass and HDL function seems to underlie the ability of LXR agonists to stimulate RCT in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that activation of LXR in macrophages makes little or no contribution to LXR agonist-stimulated RCT. Unexpectedly, our studies suggest that the ability of macrophages to efflux cholesterol to HDL in vivo is not regulated by macrophage activity but is primarily determined by the quantity and functional activity of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Breevoort
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Jerry Angdisen
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Ira G Schulman
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
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Niacin inhibits vascular inflammation via downregulating nuclear transcription factor-κB signaling pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:263786. [PMID: 24991087 PMCID: PMC4058495 DOI: 10.1155/2014/263786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effect of niacin on vascular inflammatory lesions in vivo and in vitro as well as its lipid-regulating mechanism. In vivo study revealed that niacin downregulated the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) in plasma, suppressed protein expression of CD68 and NF-κB p65 in arterial wall, and attenuated oxidative stress in guinea pigs that have been fed high fat diet. In vitro study further confirmed that niacin decreased the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α and inhibited NF-κB p65 and notch1 protein expression in oxLDL-stimulated HUVECs and THP-1 macrophages. Moreover, niacin attenuated oxLDL-induced apoptosis of HUVECs as well. In addition, niacin significantly lessened lipid deposition in arterial wall, increased HDL-C and apoA levels and decreased TG and non-HDL-C levels in plasma, and upregulated the mRNA amount of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase A1 in liver of guinea pigs. These data suggest for the first time that niacin inhibits vascular inflammation in vivo and in vitro via downregulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, niacin also modulates plasma lipid by upregulating the expression of factors involved in the process of reverse cholesterol transport.
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The tumor suppressor TERE1 (UBIAD1) prenyltransferase regulates the elevated cholesterol phenotype in castration resistant prostate cancer by controlling a program of ligand dependent SXR target genes. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1075-92. [PMID: 23919967 PMCID: PMC3759667 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) is characterized by persistent androgen receptor-driven tumor growth in the apparent absence of systemic androgens. Current evidence suggests that CRPC cells can produce their own androgens from endogenous sterol precursors that act in an intracrine manner to stimulate tumor growth. The mechanisms by which CRPC cells become steroidogenic during tumor progression are not well defined. Herein we describe a novel link between the elevated cholesterol phenotype of CRPC and the TERE1 tumor suppressor protein, a prenyltransferase that synthesizes vitamin K-2, which is a potent endogenous ligand for the SXR nuclear hormone receptor. We show that 50% of primary and metastatic prostate cancer specimens exhibit a loss of TERE1 expression and we establish a correlation between TERE1 expression and cholesterol in the LnCaP-C81 steroidogenic cell model of the CRPC. LnCaP-C81 cells also lack TERE1 protein, and show elevated cholesterol synthetic rates, higher steady state levels of cholesterol, and increased expression of enzymes in the de novo cholesterol biosynthetic pathways than the non-steroidogenic prostate cancer cells. C81 cells also show decreased expression of the SXR nuclear hormone receptor and a panel of directly regulated SXR target genes that govern cholesterol efflux and steroid catabolism. Thus, a combination of increased synthesis, along with decreased efflux and catabolism likely underlies the CRPC phenotype: SXR might coordinately regulate this phenotype. Moreover, TERE1 controls synthesis of vitamin K-2, which is a potent endogenous ligand for SXR activation, strongly suggesting a link between TERE1 levels, K-2 synthesis and SXR target gene regulation. We demonstrate that following ectopic TERE1 expression or induction of endogenous TERE1, the elevated cholesterol levels in C81 cells are reduced. Moreover, reconstitution of TERE1 expression in C81 cells reactivates SXR and switches on a suite of SXR target genes that coordinately promote both cholesterol efflux and androgen catabolism. Thus, loss of TERE1 during tumor progression reduces K-2 levels resulting in reduced transcription of SXR target genes. We propose that TERE1 controls the CPRC phenotype by regulating the endogenous levels of Vitamin K-2 and hence the transcriptional control of a suite of steroidogenic genes via the SXR receptor. These data implicate the TERE1 protein as a previously unrecognized link affecting cholesterol and androgen accumulation that could govern acquisition of the CRPC phenotype.
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Spartano NL, Lamon-Fava S, Matthan NR, Ronxhi J, Greenberg AS, Obin MS, Lichtenstein AH. Regulation of ATP-binding cassette transporters and cholesterol efflux by glucose in primary human monocytes and murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2014; 122:463-8. [PMID: 24838154 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing atherosclerosis. This may be partially attributable to suppression of macrophage ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter mediated cholesterol efflux by sustained elevated blood glucose concentrations. 2 models were used to assess this potential relationship: human monocytes/leukocytes and murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM).10 subjects (4 F/6 M, 50-85 years, BMI 25-35 kg/m²) underwent an oral glucose challenge. Baseline and 1- and 2-h post-challenge ABC-transporter mRNA expression was determined in monocytes, leukocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In a separate study, murine-BMDM were exposed to 5 mmol/L D-glucose (control) or additional 20 mmol/L D- or L-glucose and 25 ug/mL oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). High density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux and ABC-transporter (ABCA1 and ABCG1) expression were determined.Baseline ABCA1and ABCG1 expression was lower (>50%) in human monocytes and PBMC than leukocytes (p<0.05). 1 h post-challenge leukocyte ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression increased by 37% and 30%, respectively (p<0.05), and began to return to baseline thereafter. There was no significant change in monocyte ABC-transporter expression. In murine BMDM, higher glucose concentrations suppressed HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux (10%; p<0.01) without significantly affecting ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression. Data demonstrate that leukocytes are not a reliable indicator of monocyte ABC-transporter expression.Human monocyte ABC-transporter gene expression was unresponsive to a glucose challenge. Correspondingly, in BMDM, hyperglycemia attenuated macrophage cholesterol efflux in the absence of altered ABC-transporter expression, suggesting that hyperglycemia, per se, suppresses cholesterol transporter activity. This glucose-related impairment in cholesterol efflux may potentially contribute to diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Spartano
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Lamon-Fava
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - N R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J Ronxhi
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A S Greenberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M S Obin
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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Shao B, Tang C, Sinha A, Mayer PS, Davenport GD, Brot N, Oda MN, Zhao XQ, Heinecke JW. Humans with atherosclerosis have impaired ABCA1 cholesterol efflux and enhanced high-density lipoprotein oxidation by myeloperoxidase. Circ Res 2014; 114:1733-42. [PMID: 24647144 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.303454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The efflux capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with cultured macrophages associates strongly and negatively with coronary artery disease status, indicating that impaired sterol efflux capacity might be a marker-and perhaps mediator-of atherosclerotic burden. However, the mechanisms that contribute to impaired sterol efflux capacity remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine the relationship between myeloperoxidase-mediated oxidative damage to apolipoprotein A-I, the major HDL protein, and the ability of HDL to remove cellular cholesterol by the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS We quantified both site-specific oxidation of apolipoprotein A-I and HDL's ABCA1 cholesterol efflux capacity in control subjects and subjects with stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndrome. Subjects with coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome had higher levels of chlorinated tyrosine 192 and oxidized methionine 148 compared with control subjects. In contrast, plasma levels of myeloperoxidase did not differ between the groups. HDL from the subjects with coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome was less able to accept cholesterol from cells expressing ABCA1 compared with HDL from control subjects. Levels of chlorinated tyrosine and oxidized methionine associated inversely with ABCA1 efflux capacity and positively with atherosclerotic disease status. These differences remained significant after adjusting for HDL-cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS Our observations indicate that myeloperoxidase may contribute to the generation of dysfunctional HDL with impaired ABCA1 efflux capacity in humans with atherosclerosis. Quantification of chlorotyrosine and oxidized methionine in circulating HDL might be useful indicators of the risk of cardiovascular disease that are independent of HDL-cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Shao
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., C.T., A.S., P.S.M., G.D.D., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S, C.T., P.S.M., J.W.H.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (N.B.); Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter (N.B.); and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (M.N.O.).
| | - Chongren Tang
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., C.T., A.S., P.S.M., G.D.D., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S, C.T., P.S.M., J.W.H.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (N.B.); Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter (N.B.); and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (M.N.O.)
| | - Abhishek Sinha
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., C.T., A.S., P.S.M., G.D.D., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S, C.T., P.S.M., J.W.H.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (N.B.); Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter (N.B.); and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (M.N.O.)
| | - Philip S Mayer
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., C.T., A.S., P.S.M., G.D.D., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S, C.T., P.S.M., J.W.H.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (N.B.); Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter (N.B.); and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (M.N.O.)
| | - George D Davenport
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., C.T., A.S., P.S.M., G.D.D., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S, C.T., P.S.M., J.W.H.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (N.B.); Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter (N.B.); and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (M.N.O.)
| | - Nathan Brot
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., C.T., A.S., P.S.M., G.D.D., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S, C.T., P.S.M., J.W.H.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (N.B.); Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter (N.B.); and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (M.N.O.)
| | - Michael N Oda
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., C.T., A.S., P.S.M., G.D.D., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S, C.T., P.S.M., J.W.H.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (N.B.); Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter (N.B.); and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (M.N.O.)
| | - Xue-Qiao Zhao
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., C.T., A.S., P.S.M., G.D.D., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S, C.T., P.S.M., J.W.H.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (N.B.); Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter (N.B.); and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (M.N.O.)
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., C.T., A.S., P.S.M., G.D.D., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.); Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S, C.T., P.S.M., J.W.H.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY (N.B.); Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter (N.B.); and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, CA (M.N.O.)
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Spartano NL, Lamon-Fava S, Matthan NR, Obin MS, Greenberg AS, Lichtenstein AH. Linoleic acid suppresses cholesterol efflux and ATP-binding cassette transporters in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Lipids 2014; 49:415-22. [PMID: 24595513 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), possibly associated with elevated plasma free fatty acid concentrations. Paradoxically, evidence suggests that unsaturated, compared to saturated fatty acids, suppress macrophage cholesterol efflux, favoring cholesterol accumulation in the artery wall. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were used to further explore the relationship between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol efflux mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) through transcription factors liver-x-receptor-alpha (LXR-α) and sterol receptor element binding protein (SREBP)-1. BMDM isolated from C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 100 μM linoleic acid (18:2) or palmitic acid (16:0) for 16 h, and 25 μg/mL oxidized low density lipoprotein for an additional 24 h. ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expression was suppressed to a greater extent by 18:2 (60 % and 54 %, respectively) than 16:0 (30 % and 29 %, respectively) relative to the control (all p < 0.01). 18:2 decreased ABCA1 protein levels by 94 % and high density lipoprotein (HDL) mediated cholesterol efflux by 53 % (both p < 0.05), and had no significant effect on ABCG1, LXR-α or SREBP-1 protein levels. 16:0 had no effect on ABCA1, ABCG1, LXR-α or SREBP-1 protein expression or HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. These results suggest that 18:2, relative to 16:0, attenuated macrophage HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux through down regulation of ABCA1 mRNA and protein levels but not through changes in LXR-α or SREBP-1 expression. The effect of 18:2 relative to 16:0 on macrophages cholesterol homeostasis may exacerbate the predisposition of individuals with T2DM to increased CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Spartano
- J. M. USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, USA, 02111,
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Dikkers A, Annema W, de Boer JF, Iqbal J, Hussain MM, Tietge UJF. Differential impact of hepatic deficiency and total body inhibition of MTP on cholesterol metabolism and RCT in mice. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:816-25. [PMID: 24511105 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m042986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Because apoB-containing lipoproteins are pro-atherogenic and their secretion by liver and intestine largely depends on microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity, MTP inhibition strategies are actively pursued. How decreasing the secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins affects intracellular rerouting of cholesterol is unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of reducing either systemic or liver-specific MTP activity on cholesterol metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) using a pharmacological MTP inhibitor or a genetic model, respectively. Plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were decreased in both MTP inhibitor-treated and liver-specific MTP knockout (L-Mttp(-/-)) mice (each P < 0.001). With both inhibition approaches, hepatic cholesterol as well as triglyceride content was consistently increased (each P < 0.001), while biliary cholesterol and bile acid secretion remained unchanged. A small but significant decrease in fecal bile acid excretion was observed in inhibitor-treated mice (P < 0.05), whereas fecal neutral sterol excretion was substantially increased by 75% (P < 0.001), conceivably due to decreased intestinal absorption. In contrast, in L-Mttp(-/-) mice both fecal neutral sterol and bile acid excretion remained unchanged. However, while total RCT increased in inhibitor-treated mice (P < 0.01), it surprisingly decreased in L-Mttp(-/-) mice (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that: i) pharmacological MTP inhibition increases RCT, an effect that might provide additional clinical benefit of MTP inhibitors; and ii) decreasing hepatic MTP decreases RCT, pointing toward a potential contribution of hepatocyte-derived VLDLs to RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Dikkers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ma GC, Wu PF, Tseng HC, Chyau CC, Lu HC, Chou FP. Inhibitory effect of Piper betel leaf extracts on copper-mediated LDL oxidation and oxLDL-induced lipid accumulation via inducing reverse cholesterol transport in macrophages. Food Chem 2013; 141:3703-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yamamoto S, Kon V. Chronic kidney disease induced dysfunction of high density lipoprotein. Clin Exp Nephrol 2013; 18:251-4. [PMID: 24018401 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-013-0857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Traditional risk factors do not account for increased cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly individuals whose CKD has progressed to end-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis. CKD patients on dialysis show little to no cardiovascular benefits from lipid-lowering therapy and thus have an exaggerated residual cardiovascular risk. High density lipoprotein (HDL) quantity and functionality may explain some of the residual risk. CKD affects the composition and disrupts the functionality of HDL, including cholesterol acceptor function and inflammatory effects. Notably, although these HDL abnormalities prevail in CKD, they do not track together and thereby support the idea of separate and distinct mechanistic pathways for each critical function of HDL. Targeting individual perturbations in HDL function represents a novel approach to therapy in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Nephroscience, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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46
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Borja MS, Zhao L, Hammerson B, Tang C, Yang R, Carson N, Fernando G, Liu X, Budamagunta MS, Genest J, Shearer GC, Duclos F, Oda MN. HDL-apoA-I exchange: rapid detection and association with atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71541. [PMID: 24015188 PMCID: PMC3756009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, but not all HDL are functionally equivalent. A primary determinant of HDL functional status is the conformational adaptability of its main protein component, apoA-I, an exchangeable apolipoprotein. Chemical modification of apoA-I, as may occur under conditions of inflammation or diabetes, can severely impair HDL function and is associated with the presence of cardiovascular disease. Chemical modification of apoA-I also impairs its ability to exchange on and off HDL, a critical process in reverse cholesterol transport. In this study, we developed a method using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) to quantify HDL-apoA-I exchange. Using this approach, we measured the degree of HDL-apoA-I exchange for HDL isolated from rabbits fed a high fat, high cholesterol diet, as well as human subjects with acute coronary syndrome and metabolic syndrome. We observed that HDL-apoA-I exchange was markedly reduced when atherosclerosis was present, or when the subject carries at least one risk factor of cardiovascular disease. These results show that HDL-apoA-I exchange is a clinically relevant measure of HDL function pertinent to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Borja
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Lei Zhao
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pennington, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Bradley Hammerson
- Accent Assays, Inc., Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Richard Yang
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pennington, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nancy Carson
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pennington, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Gayani Fernando
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pennington, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pennington, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Madhu S. Budamagunta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jacques Genest
- Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregory C. Shearer
- Cardiovascular Health Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Franck Duclos
- Cardiovascular Drug Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pennington, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Michael N. Oda
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A Podrez
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Dikkers A, Freak de Boer J, Annema W, Groen AK, Tietge UJF. Scavenger receptor BI and ABCG5/G8 differentially impact biliary sterol secretion and reverse cholesterol transport in mice. Hepatology 2013; 58:293-303. [PMID: 23401258 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Biliary lipid secretion plays an important role in gallstone disease and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Using Sr-bI/Abcg5 double knockout mice (dko), the present study investigated the differential contribution of two of the most relevant transporters: adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette subfamily G member 5 and 8 (ABCG5/G8) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) to sterol metabolism and RCT. Plasma cholesterol levels increased in the following order, mainly due to differences in high density lipoprotein (HDL): Abcg5 ko < wild type < Sr-bI/Abcg5 dko < Sr-bI ko. Liver cholesterol content was elevated in Sr-bI ko only (P < 0.05). In Sr-bI/Abcg5 dko plasma plant sterols were highest, while hepatic plant sterols were lower compared with Abcg5 ko (P < 0.05). Under baseline conditions, biliary cholesterol secretion rates decreased in the following order: wild type > Sr-bI ko (-16%) > Abcg5 ko (-75%) > Sr-bI/Abcg5 dko (-94%), all at least P < 0.05, while biliary bile acid secretion did not differ between groups. However, under supraphysiological conditions, upon infusion with increasing amounts of the bile salt tauroursodeoxycholic acid, Abcg5 became fully rate-limiting for biliary cholesterol secretion. Additional in vivo macrophage-to-feces RCT studies demonstrated an almost 50% decrease in overall RCT in Sr-bI/Abcg5 dko compared with Abcg5 ko mice (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that (1) SR-BI contributes to ABCG5/G8-independent biliary cholesterol secretion under basal conditions; (2) biliary cholesterol mass secretion under maximal bile salt-stimulated conditions is fully dependent on ABCG5/G8; and (3) Sr-bI contributes to macrophage-to-feces RCT independent of Abcg5/g8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Dikkers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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Fredericks WJ, Yin H, Lal P, Puthiyaveettil R, Malkowicz SB, Fredericks NJ, Tomaszewski J, Rauscher FJ, Malkowicz SB. Ectopic expression of the TERE1 (UBIAD1) protein inhibits growth of renal clear cell carcinoma cells: altered metabolic phenotype associated with reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and SXR target genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:638-52. [PMID: 23759948 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies of the TERE1 (UBIAD1) protein emphasize its multifactorial influence on the cell, in part due to its broad sub-cellular distribution to mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi. However, the profound effects of TERE1 relate to its prenyltransferase activity for synthesis of the bioactive quinones menaquinone and COQ10. Menaquinone (aka, vitamin K-2) serves multiple roles: as a carrier in mitochondrial electron transport, as a ligand for SXR nuclear hormone receptor activation, as a redox modulator, and as an alkylator of cellular targets. We initially described the TERE1 (UBIAD1) protein as a tumor suppressor based upon reduced expression in urological cancer specimens and the inhibition of growth of tumor cell lines/xenografts upon ectopic expression. To extend this potential tumor suppressor role for the TERE1 protein to renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we applied TERE1 immunohistochemistry to a TMA panel of 28 RCC lesions and determined that in 57% of RCC lesions, TERE1 expression was reduced (36%) or absent (21%). Ectopic TERE1 expression caused an 80% decrease in growth of Caki-1 and Caki-2 cell lines, a significantly decreased colony formation, and increased caspase 3/7 activity in a panel of RCC cell lines. Furthermore, TERE1 expression increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption and hydrogen production, oxidative stress and NO production. Based on the elevated cholesterol and altered metabolic phenotype of RCC, we also examined the effects of TERE1 and the interacting protein TBL2 on cellular cholesterol. Ectopic TERE1 or TBL2 expression in Caki-1, Caki-2 and HEK 293 cells reduced cholesterol by up to 40%. RT-PCR analysis determined that TERE1 activated several SXR targets known to regulate lipid metabolism, consistent with predictions based on its role in menaquinone synthesis. Loss of TERE1 may contribute to the altered lipid metabolic phenotype associated with progression in RCC via an uncoupling of ROS/RNS and SXR signaling from apoptosis by elevation of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Fredericks
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Triolo M, Annema W, Dullaart RPF, Tietge UJF. Assessing the functional properties of high-density lipoproteins: an emerging concept in cardiovascular research. Biomark Med 2013; 7:457-72. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol correlate inversely with the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, results from recent epidemiological, genetic and pharmacological intervention studies resulted in a shift of concept. Rather than HDL cholesterol mass levels, the functionality of HDL particles is increasingly regarded as potentially clinically important. This review provides an overview of four key functional properties of HDL, namely cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport; antioxidative activities; anti-inflammatory activities; and the ability of HDL to increase vascular nitric oxide production resulting in vasorelaxation. Currently available assays are put into context with different HDL isolation procedures yielding compositional heterogeneity of the particle. Gathered knowledge on the impact of different disease states on HDL function is discussed together with potential underlying causative factors modulating HDL functionalities. In addition, a perspective is provided regarding how a better understanding of the determinants of (dys)functional HDL might impact clinical practice and the future design of rational and specific therapeutic approaches targeting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Triolo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wijtske Annema
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food & Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin PF Dullaart
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe JF Tietge
- Top Institute Food & Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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