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Nyulas KI, Simon-Szabó Z, Pál S, Fodor MA, Dénes L, Cseh MJ, Barabás-Hajdu E, Csipor B, Szakács J, Preg Z, Germán-Salló M, Nemes-Nagy E. Cardiovascular Effects of Herbal Products and Their Interaction with Antihypertensive Drugs-Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6388. [PMID: 38928095 PMCID: PMC11203894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a highly prevalent population-level disease that represents an important risk factor for several cardiovascular complications and occupies a leading position in mortality statistics. Antihypertensive therapy includes a wide variety of drugs. Additionally, the potential antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of several phytotherapy products have been evaluated, as these could also be a valuable therapeutic option for the prevention, improvement or treatment of hypertension and its complications. The present review includes an evaluation of the cardioprotective and antihypertensive effects of garlic, Aloe vera, green tea, Ginkgo biloba, berberine, ginseng, Nigella sativa, Apium graveolens, thyme, cinnamon and ginger, and their possible interactions with antihypertensive drugs. A literature search was undertaken via the PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase and Cochrane databases. Research articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2010 and 2023, in the English, Hungarian, and Romanian languages were selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga-Ilona Nyulas
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Zsuzsánna Simon-Szabó
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Sándor Pál
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márta-Andrea Fodor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Lóránd Dénes
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Margit Judit Cseh
- Master Program of Nutrition and Dietetics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Enikő Barabás-Hajdu
- Department of Cell Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Bernadett Csipor
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Juliánna Szakács
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Zoltán Preg
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Márta Germán-Salló
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Enikő Nemes-Nagy
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
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Chew HSJ, Soong RY, Teo YQJ, Flølo TN, Chong B, Yong CL, Ang SH, Ho Y, Chew NWS, So JBY, Shabbir A. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic effects of polyphenols in people with overweight and obesity: an umbrella review. Nutr Rev 2024:nuad163. [PMID: 38213191 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Polyphenols are plant-based compounds with potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-obesogenic properties. However, their effects on health outcomes remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of polyphenols on anthropometric and cardiometabolic markers. DATA SOURCES Six electronic databases-namely, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library (reviews only), and Web of Science-were searched for relevant systematic reviews with meta-analyses (SRMAs). DATA EXTRACTION Three reviewers performed the data extraction via a data-extraction Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. DATA ANALYSIS An umbrella review and meta-analysis of existing SRMAs was conducted. Eighteen SRMAs published from 2015 to 2023, representing 445 primary studies and 838 unique effect sizes, were identified. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models with general inverse variance. Polyphenol-containing foods were found to significantly improve weight (-0.36 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.62, 0.77 kg; P < 0.01, I2 = 64.9%), body mass index (-0.25 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.34, -0.17 kg/m2; P < 0.001, I2 = 82.4%), waist circumference (-0.74 cm; 95% CI: -1.34, -0.15 cm; P < 0.01, I2 = 99.3%), low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (-1.75 mg/dL; 95% CI: -2.56, -0.94; P < 0.001, I2 = 98.6%), total cholesterol (-1.23 mg/dL; 95% CI: -2.00, -0.46; P = 0.002, I2 = 94.6%), systolic blood pressure (-1.77 mmHg; 95% CI: -1.77, -0.93 mmHg; P < 0.001, I2 = 72.4%), diastolic blood pressure (-1.45 mmHg; 95% CI: -2.09, -0.80 mmHg; P < 0.001, I2 = 61.0%), fat percentage (-0.70%; 95% CI: -1.03, -0.36%; P < 0.001, I2 = 52.6%), fasting blood glucose (-0.18 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.35, -0.01 mg/dL; P = 0.04, I2 = 62.0%), and C-reactive protein (CRP; including high-sensitivity-CRP [hs-CRP]) (-0.2972 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.08 mg/dL; P = 0.01, I2 = 87.9%). No significant changes were found for high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.12 mg/dL; 95% CI: -1.44, 0.69; P = 0.67, I2 = 89.4%) and triglycerides (-1.29 mg/dL; 95% CI: -2.74, 0.16; P = 0.08, I2 = 85.4%). Between-study heterogeneity could be explained by polyphenol subclass differences. CONCLUSION The findings of this umbrella review support the beneficial effects of polyphenols on anthropometric and metabolic markers, but discretion is warranted to determine the clinical significance of the magnitude of the biomarker improvements. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews no. CRD42023420206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shi Jocelyn Chew
- Alice Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rou Yi Soong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Qing Jolene Teo
- University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tone Nygaard Flølo
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Voss Hospital, Haukeland University Hospital, Voss, Norway
| | - Bryan Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cai Ling Yong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Han Ang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yishen Ho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Asim Shabbir
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Tran HHV, Mansoor M, Butt SRR, Satnarine T, Ratna P, Sarker A, Ramesh AS, Munoz C, Jamil D, Mohammed L. Impact of Green Tea Consumption on the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e49775. [PMID: 38161525 PMCID: PMC10757748 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major global health concern, responsible for significant morbidity, mortality, and disability. To mitigate the impact of CVDs, individuals often seek preventive measures, and one such approach is the consumption of green tea. This study aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the effects of green tea consumption on the prevalence of cardiovascular outcomes. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review using PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant studies. Our analysis revealed that the risk factors associated with CVDs can vary across different diseases, with hypertension being a common risk factor for CVD mortality and CVD. Notably, the consumption of green tea exhibited a positive effect on reducing the prevalence of cardiometabolic risks and hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, green tea consumption was observed to have a beneficial impact on lowering both diastolic and systolic blood pressure. In conclusion, the studies reviewed in this research suggest that the consumption of green tea has a significant and positive influence on cardiovascular health. These findings highlight the potential of green tea as a valuable component of a healthy lifestyle, offering a promising avenue for its use as a dietary supplement to reduce the risk of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrian Hoang-Vu Tran
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mafaz Mansoor
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Samia Rauf R Butt
- General Practice, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Travis Satnarine
- Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Pranuthi Ratna
- Family Medicine, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Center (KAMSRC), Hyderabad, IND
| | - Aditi Sarker
- General Practice, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Adarsh Srinivas Ramesh
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Carlos Munoz
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Dawood Jamil
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lubna Mohammed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Wang Y, Xia H, Yu J, Sui J, Pan D, Wang S, Liao W, Yang L, Sun G. Effects of green tea catechin on the blood pressure and lipids in overweight and obese population-a meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21228. [PMID: 38034724 PMCID: PMC10681946 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity as main health problems harm human beings worldwide. The number of people diagnosed with overweight and obese is gradually increasing. Green tea catechin has been reported to effectively help control body weight in overweight and obese population, and is protectively against the blood pressure and lipids in people with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Methods We retrieved 4 English databases (PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane, Scoups) from inception to April 20, 2023. Two reviewers independently determined eligibility, assessed the reporting quality of included studies, and extracted the data. Data were extracted from eleven studies. The results were presented with the weighted mean differences (WMDs), and the confidence intervals (CIs) was 95 %. The random-effects or fixed-effects model was applied according to the heterogeneity. The subgroup analysis was used to identify the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots, Egger's test, and Begg's test. Results Eleven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) inclusion studies were screened from 3072 literature articles, involving 613 overweight and obese patients. After combining all studies, it was found that in overweight and obese people green tea catechin could reduce waist circumference (WC) (pooled WMD = -1.37 cm, 95 % CI: -2.52 to -0.22 cm, p = 0.019), and triglyceride (TG) (pooled WMD = -0.18 mmol/L, 95 % CI: -0.35 to -0.02 mmol/L, p = 0.032), and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (pooled WMD = 0.07 mmol/L, 95 % CI: 0.01-0.14 mmol/L, p = 0.031). Conclusion Green tea catechin supplement effectively reduced WC and TG levels and improved HDL-c levels. However, it did not show the significant effect on the blood pressure in overweight and obese people. The present meta-analysis showed a moderate benefit of green tea catechin supplementation on lipid profiles in overweight and obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junhui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jing Sui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ligang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Ashtary-Larky D, Niknam S, Alaeian MJ, Nadery M, Afrisham R, Fouladvand F, Ojani Z, Ghohpayeh MZ, Zamani M, Asbaghi O. The effect of green tea on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Herb Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Amponsah-Offeh M, Diaba-Nuhoho P, Speier S, Morawietz H. Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants and Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020281. [PMID: 36829839 PMCID: PMC9952760 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, hypertension remains a serious threat to global public health. Despite the availability of many antihypertensive medications, several hypertensive individuals are resistant to standard treatments, and are unable to control their blood pressure. Regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) controlling blood pressure, activation of the immune system triggering inflammation and production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress and redox-sensitive signaling, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Thus, besides standard antihypertensive medications, which lower arterial pressure, antioxidant medications were tested to improve antihypertensive treatment. We review and discuss the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension and the potential use of antioxidants in the management of hypertension and its associated organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amponsah-Offeh
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Diaba-Nuhoho
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Speier
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-4586625; Fax: +49-351-4586354
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Zamani M, Kelishadi MR, Ashtary-Larky D, Amirani N, Goudarzi K, Torki IA, Bagheri R, Ghanavati M, Asbaghi O. The effects of green tea supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1084455. [PMID: 36704803 PMCID: PMC9871939 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1084455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose A bulk of observational studies have revealed the protective role of green tea supplementation in cardiovascular diseases. The current systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to establish the effects of green tea supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors including lipid profile, blood pressure, glycemic control markers and CRP. Methods A systematic literature search of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of green tea supplementation and cardiovascular risk factors was undertaken in online databases including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase using a combination of green tea and cardiovascular risk factors search terms. Meta-analyses were carried out using a random-effects model. The I2 index was used to assess the heterogeneity of RCTs. Results Among the initial 11,286 studies that were identified from electronic databases search, 55 eligible RCTs with 63 effect sizes were eligible. Results from the random effects meta-analysis showed that GTE supplementation significantly reduced TC (WMD = -7.62; 95% CI: -10.51, -4.73; P = < 0.001), LDL-C (WMD = -5.80; 95% CI: -8.30, -3.30; P = < 0.001), FBS (WMD = -1.67; 95% CI: -2.58, -0.75; P = < 0.001), HbA1c (WMD = -0.15; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.04; P = 0.008), DBP (WMD = -0.87; 95% CI: -1.45, -0.29; P = 0.003), while increasing HDL-C (WMD = 1.85; 95% CI: 0.87, 2.84; P = 0.010). Subgroup analyses based on the duration of supplementation (≥ 12 vs. < 12 weeks), dose of green tea extract (GTE) (≥1,000 vs. < 1,000 mg/d), sex (male, female, and both), baseline serum levels of lipid profile, and glycemic control factors demonstrated different results for some risk factors. Conclusion The current study suggests improvements in the lipid and glycemic profiles following green tea supplementation. These findings support previous evidence showing the health benefits of green tea supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zamani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Rezaei Kelishadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Niusha Amirani
- Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kian Goudarzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Matin Ghanavati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Arabzadeh E, Norouzi Kamareh M, Ramirez-Campillo R, Mirnejad R, Masti Y, Shirvani H. Twelve weeks of treadmill exercise training with green tea extract reduces myocardial oxidative stress and alleviates cardiomyocyte apoptosis in aging rat: The emerging role of BNIP3 and HIF-1α/IGFBP3 pathway. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14397. [PMID: 36069470 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we consider the effect of treadmill exercise training, green tea extract, and combination of exercise training with green tea extract, in aging rat cardiac myocytes apoptosis markers (i.e., HIF-1α, BNIP3, Bax, IGFBP3, Bcl-2, caspase-3, MDA, GPx, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and hematoxylin and eosin). Twenty-four rats (male, Wistar) were divided into four groups: (I) control (n = 6), (II) green tea extract (n = 6), (III) exercise (n = 6), and (IV) exercise + green tea extract (n = 6). Exercise groups performed 12 weeks of running on a rodent treadmill at 17-27 m.min-1 (60-75% vo2peak) for 5 days per week. Green tea extract involved 300 mg.kg-1 , 5 days per week for 12 weeks. After being euthanized, the blood and heart were collected for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), HIF-1α, BNIP3, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3), Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and hematoxylin and eosin level measurements. Compared to control, the ANOVA demonstrated significant effects of green tea extract (F = 14.646 to 32.453, p = .009 to .001, η = 0.295 to 0.715) and exercise training (F = 9.213 to 133.828, p = .007 to .001, η = 0.315 to η = 0.870) on HIF-1a, BNIP3, Bax, IGFBP3, Bcl-2, caspase-3, MDA, GPx, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. However, the combination of green tea extract and exercise had no effect on the aforementioned apoptosis markers when compared to isolated green tea extract or isolated exercise (F = 0.002 to 4.068, p = .057 to .968, and η = 0.001 to 0.169). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Isolated exercise training and green tea extract may provide a cardioprotective effect on aging-induced apoptosis through the downregulation of HIF-1α, BNIP3, and IGFBP3 in the heart muscle. However, further research is needed to clarify the effects of combining exercise and green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mirzahossein Norouzi Kamareh
- PHD of Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Santiago, Chile.,Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Masti
- MSc of Cellular Molecular, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) alleviates vascular dysfunction in angiotensin II-infused hypertensive mice by modulating oxidative stress and eNOS. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17633. [PMID: 36271015 PMCID: PMC9587239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been shown to have antihypertensive activity. However, the role of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in improving vascular function via modulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in hypertensive subjects is not well researched. Angiotensin II-infused hypertensive mice (8-10 weeks old) received EGCG (50 mg/kg/day) for 14 days via oral gavage. The arterial systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using the tail-cuff method every three days. At the end of the treatment, the vascular reactivity of the isolated aortae was studied using wire myographs. The level of nitric oxide (NO), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and tetrahydrobiopterine (BH4) were determined using assay kits while the presence of proteins (NOS, p-eNOS and NOx-2) were determined using by Western blotting. In vivo treatment with EGCG for 14 days significantly attenuated the increase in SBP, alleviated the vascular dysfunction, increased the vascular cGMP and BH4 level as well as the expression of p-eNOS and decreased elevated ROS level and NOx-2 protein in angiotensin II-infused hypertensive mice. Collectively, treatment with EGCG in hypertensive mice exerts a blood pressure lowering effect which is partly attributed to the improvement in the vascular function due to its ability to reduce vascular oxidative stress in the aortic tissue leading to a decrease in eNOS uncoupling thus increasing NO bioavailability.
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Neyestani TR, Nikooyeh B. A comprehensive overview on the effects of green tea on anthropometric measures, blood pressure, glycemic and lipidemic status: An umbrella review and meta meta-analysis study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2026-2040. [PMID: 35750605 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this meta-review was to establish the effects of green tea (GT) intake on some cardiometabolic risk factors including anthropometric measures, blood pressure as well as blood glucose and lipids using evidence from previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses. DATA SYNTHESIS Articles were identified via searches in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge database from the index date of each database through January 31, 2021. A total of 13 meta-analyses were finally included in the synthesis. Meta-meta-analysis revealed significant effects of GT on weight and waist circumference with weighted mean difference (WMD) of -0.89 (95% CI -1.43 to -0.34, p < 0.001) and -1.01 (95% CI -1.63 to -0.39, p < 0.001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with WMDs of -1.17 (95% CI -2.18 to -0.16) and -1.24 (95% CI -2.07 to -0.4), respectively. There was similar effect on fasting blood glucose (WMD, -1.3, 95% CI -2.09 to -0.51, p < 0.001) but not on other glycemic indicators. The findings also revealed a significant effect size of total cholesterol and LDL-C (WMD -4.93; 95% CI -6.41 to -3.46, p < 0.001, WMD -4.31; 95% CI -6.55 to -2.07, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Regular consumption of GT and probably its bioactive constituents as supplements have beneficial effects on different health aspects including weight, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipids. However, these effects might be influenced by several factors such as the amount and frequency of consumption, health/disease condition and life style including dietary habits and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirang R Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Nikooyeh
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Supplementation with Two New Standardized Tea Extracts Prevents the Development of Hypertension in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081573. [PMID: 36009292 PMCID: PMC9404781 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is considered to be both a cardiovascular disease and a risk factor for other cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary ischemia or stroke. In many cases, hypertension occurs in the context of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a condition in which other circumstances such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance are also present. The high incidence of MetS makes necessary the search for new strategies, ideally of natural origin and with fewer side effects than conventional pharmacological treatments. Among them, the tea plant is a good candidate, as it contains several bioactive compounds such as caffeine, volatile terpenes, organic acids, and polyphenols with positive biological effects. The aim of this study was to assess whether two new standardized tea extracts, one of white tea (WTE) and the other of black and green tea (CTE), exert beneficial effects on the cardiovascular alterations associated with MetS. For this purpose, male C57/BL6J mice were fed a standard diet (Controls), a diet high in fats and sugars (HFHS), HFHS supplemented with 1.6% WTE, or HFHS supplemented with 1.6% CTE for 20 weeks. The chromatography results showed that CTE is more concentrated on gallic acid, xanthines and flavan-3-ols than WTE. In vivo, supplementation with WTE and CTE prevented the development of MetS-associated hypertension through improved endothelial function. This improvement was associated with a lower expression of proinflammatory and prooxidant markers, and—in the case of CTE supplementation—also with a higher expression of antioxidant enzymes in arterial tissue. In conclusion, supplementation with WTE and CTE prevents the development of hypertension in obese mice; as such, they could be an interesting strategy to prevent the cardiovascular disorders associated with MetS.
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12
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Humbert X, Licaj I, Fedrizzi S, Alexandre J, Menotti A, Manrique A, Allouche S, Touzé E, Terradura-Vagnarelli O, Puddu PE. Relationship between lifestyle factors and hypertension: a cross-sectional analysis from the Gubbio study. Acta Cardiol 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35727257 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2022.2088170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension (HTN) is a well-established and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle behaviours for its prevention and control are recommended within worldwide guidelines. Their relationship with HTN need more investigations. AIM We aimed to investigate the associations between lifestyle, anthropometric and biological measurements and BP in the Gubbio residential study. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses were performed using data from Gubbio study. Information concerning lifestyle factors were collected using self-reported questionnaire and were further completed with a baseline clinical examination and blood exams. Three BP measurements were performed following a standard protocol. Age-adjusted and multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the relationships between lifestyle parameters and HTN separately for each sex. We used heterogeneity test to observe sex differences. RESULTS There were 3,183 persons included (48% men, 43 ± 17 years old). Mean systolic BP (SBP) was 119 ± 16 mmHg and 10.6% were hypertensives. Age [OR: 129.70 (95%CI: 18.57-905.79) in women and OR: 8.37 (95%CI: 4.01-17.48) (p < 0.0001) in men] and BMI [OR: 2.14 (95%CI: 1.32-3.46) (p = 0.006) in women and OR: 1.81 (95%CI: 1.05-3.12), p = 0.03 in men], were positively associated with SBP in both sexes. Serum uric acid [OR: 3.86 (95%CI: 2.03-7.26), p = 0.04] was positively associated with HTN in women while fasting blood glucose [OR: 3.04 (95%CI: 1.55-5.97), p < 0.001] were associated to HTN only in men. DISCUSSION In addition to age, BMI is associated with HTN in both sexes while sex differences were observed in the associations between serum uric acid, fasting blood glucose and HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Humbert
- Department of General Medicine, Medical School, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Idlir Licaj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The UiT Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sophie Fedrizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Joachim Alexandre
- Department of Pharmacology, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | | | - Alain Manrique
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Caen, EA 4650UNICAEN, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Allouche
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Caen, EA 4650, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Touzé
- Department of Neurology, CHU Caen, INSERM U 1237. UNICAEN, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | | | - Paolo E Puddu
- EA 4650, UNICAEN, Normandie Université, Caen, France
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13
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Green tea polyphenols in cardiometabolic health: A critical appraisal on phytogenomics towards personalized green tea. PHARMANUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Mah E, Chen O, Liska DJ, Blumberg JB. Dietary Supplements for Weight Management: A Narrative Review of Safety and Metabolic Health Benefits. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091787. [PMID: 35565754 PMCID: PMC9099655 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements for weight management include myriad ingredients with thermogenic, lipotropic, satiety, and other metabolic effects. Recently, the safety of this product category has been questioned. In this review, we summarize the safety evidence as well as relevant clinical findings on weight management and metabolic effects of six representative dietary supplement ingredients: caffeine, green tea extract (GTE), green coffee bean extract (GCBE), choline, glucomannan, and capsaicinoids and capsinoids. Of these, caffeine, GTE (specifically epigallocatechin gallate [EGCG]), and choline have recommended intake limits, which appear not to be exceeded when used according to manufacturers’ instructions. Serious adverse events from supplements with these ingredients are rare and typically involve unusually high intakes. As with any dietary component, the potential for gastrointestinal intolerance, as well as possible interactions with concomitant medications/supplements exist, and the health status of the consumer should be considered when consuming these components. Most of the ingredients reviewed also improved markers of metabolic health, such as glucose, lipids, and blood pressure, although the data are limited for some. In summary, weight management supplements containing caffeine, GTE, GCBE, choline, glucomannan, and capsaicinoids and capsinoids are generally safe when taken as directed and demonstrate metabolic health benefits for overweight and obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Addison, IL 60101, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Oliver Chen
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (O.C.); (J.B.B.)
| | | | - Jeffrey B. Blumberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (O.C.); (J.B.B.)
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15
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Abstract
Brewed tea (Camellia sinensis) is a major dietary source of flavonoids, in particular flavan-3-ols. Tea consumption has been suggested to be inversely associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several biological mechanisms support the inverse relationship between tea flavonoid intake and CVD risk. Given the recent accumulating evidence from various systematic reviews regarding the role of tea as a beverage in reducing CVD risk and severity, we conducted an umbrella review to describe and critically evaluate the totality of evidence to date. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and BIOSIS databases for systematic reviews published between January 1, 2010 and February 22, 2020 reporting relationships between tea (C. sinensis) consumption and CVD mortality, CVD diagnosis or incidence, CVD events, stroke events, blood pressure, endothelial function, blood lipids and triglycerides, and inflammatory markers. Herein, we describe results from 23 included systematic reviews. Consistently consuming 2 cups of unsweet tea per day offers the right levels of flavonoids to potentially decrease CVD risk and its progression. This is supported by the consistency between a recent high-quality systematic review and dose-response meta-analyses of population-based studies demonstrating beneficial effects of consumption on CVD mortality, CVD events and stroke events and medium- to high-quality systematic reviews of intervention studies that further elucidate potential benefits on both validated (i.e., SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol) and emerging risk biomarkers of CVD (TNF-ɑ and IL-6). On the basis of this umbrella review, the consumption of tea as a beverage did not seem to be harmful to health; therefore, the benefits of moderate consumption likely outweigh risk. Future large, clinical intervention studies will provide better mechanistic insight with the ability to confirm the outcome effects shown across observational studies. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/) as CRD42020218159.KEY MESSAGESIt is reasonable to judge that 2 cups of unsweet tea per day has the potential to decrease CVD risk and progression due to its flavonoid content.The primary side effects of tea documented in human studies are hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal disturbances (i.e., vomiting and diarrhea) after high-dose supplemental intake.Additional clinical research is needed to fully elucidate the effects of tea flavonoids on markers of CVD, as many studies were under-powered to detect changes.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Keller
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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16
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Feng C, Cao Y, Su Y, Cai H, Shu XO, Zheng W, Yu D, Zong G. Association between Tea Consumption and Hypertension Risk among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:3773-3780. [PMID: 34590120 PMCID: PMC8643596 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence on tea consumption and hypertension is inconclusive, and prospective studies among habitual tea drinkers remain limited. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of habitual tea consumption with hypertension risk and longitudinal blood pressure changes in 2 large cohorts. METHODS This study included participants aged 40-75 y from the Shanghai Women's Health Study (n = 31,351) and the Shanghai Men's Health Study (n = 28,342), without hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. Information on tea consumption was assessed during in-person interviews at enrollment and follow-up visits. Incident hypertension was identified by self-reported diagnosis, medication use, or blood pressure measurements. RESULTS Current tea drinkers had a 7% higher risk than the non-current tea drinker group [HRs (95% CIs): women, 1.07 (1.01, 1.14); men, 1.07 (1.02, 1.12)]. The amount of tea drinking showed significant dose-response associations with hypertension: compared with the non-current group, HRs (95% CIs) for women and men were 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) and 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) for low (women/men: <100/200 g/mo), 1.07 (1.01, 1.15) and 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) for medium (women/men: 100-250/200-250 g/mo), and 1.18 (1.01, 1.39) and 1.10 (1.03, 1.17) for the high-amount group (women/men: >250 g/mo). Among participants without hypertension, compared with non-current tea drinkers, least-squares means of 3-y changes in blood pressure were 0.3-0.4 mm Hg higher for women and men as current drinkers and 0.7-0.9 mm Hg higher for men in the high-consumption group. Compared with those who never drank tea, women who drank tea consistently had 0.5 (0.2, 0.7) mm Hg higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP), whereas men had 0.5 (0.04, 0.9) mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure and 0.3 (0.04, 0.6) mm Hg higher DBP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that habitual tea drinking is associated with a slightly higher risk of hypertension and a minor increase in blood pressure among middle-aged and older Chinese adults, which warrants confirmation by long-term intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwu Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaying Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danxia Yu
- Address correspondence to DY (e-mail: )
| | - Geng Zong
- Address correspondence to: GZ (e-mail: )
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17
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Guide de Pratique Clinique. Prise en charge de l’hypertension artérielle chez l’adulte en Tunisie. LA TUNISIE MÉDICALE 2021. [PMCID: PMC9003593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ce document a été réalisé dans le cadre d'une collaboration entre l'Instance Nationale de l’Évaluation et de l'Accréditation en Santé (INEAS), la Société Tunisienne de Cardiologie et de Chirurgie Cardiovasculaire (STCCCV) et la Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Maladie (CNAM).
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18
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Hoang T, Kim J. Phytonutrient supplements and metabolic biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of clinical trials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4171-4182. [PMID: 33724587 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytonutrients exert several pharmacological effects on humans. In this study, we performed an umbrella review of the association of phytonutrient supplements (PNSs) with biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Relevant published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library until July 4, 2020. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for summarized effects and I2 statistics of heterogeneity were extracted from individual studies or reanalyzed using a random-effects model. Of the 50 included studies, pooled effects of PNSs on blood pressure, lipid profiles, and glycemic control were reported in 16, 25, and 14 articles, respectively. The findings appeared to be highly heterogeneous among individual trials of included systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Ginger (WMD = -6.36 mmHg, 95% CI = -11.27, -1.46) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (WMD = -7.58 mmHg, 95% CI = -9.69, -5.46) were associated with lowered systolic blood pressure, whereas Aloe vera, Nigella sativa, and spirulina were associated with beneficial effects on both lipid profiles and glycemic control. In summary, this umbrella review has provided up-to-date evidence for the effect of PNSs on biomarkers related to hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. The results must be interpreted with caution due to potential heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Hoang
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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19
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Venkatakrishnan K, Chiu HF, Wang CK. Impact of functional foods and nutraceuticals on high blood pressure with a special focus on meta-analysis: review from a public health perspective. Food Funct 2021; 11:2792-2804. [PMID: 32248209 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00357c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent times many researchers are expressing immense interest in nutraceuticals and functional foods for combating various diseases or abnormal conditions, especially against hypertension (HT). Persistent HT is medically referred to as chronic high blood pressure (BP) and considered to be one of the major risk factors for the deadliest diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular diseases. Hence HT poses a serious socio-economic burden worldwide, particularly to developing countries. The current treatment strategy for HT includes standard anti-hypertensive drugs, which are associated with many adverse effects and lower drug adherence rates. Therefore, an alternative or complementary natural therapy (functional foods or nutraceuticals or dietary supplements) would be the alternate choice along with a modified lifestyle pattern that might help to manage or combat HT and its related complications. During this review, the author would like to shed light on the basic science behind HT including pathophysiology and the impact of dietary salt on HT and the impact of various functional foods or nutraceuticals against HT in humans (meta-analysis and systemic review). This contribution gives a better idea (public health perspective) for choosing the best functional foods/nutraceuticals for the prevention, management or delaying the onset of HT and its associated conditions along with modified lifestyle patterns and standard anti-hypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City-40201, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung-40301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City-40201, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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20
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Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Gálvez BG, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Ordovas JM, Ruilope LM, Lucia A. Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 18:251-275. [PMID: 33037326 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-00437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects approximately one third of the world's adult population and is a major cause of premature death despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatments. Growing evidence supports the use of lifestyle interventions for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of hypertension. In this Review, we provide a summary of the epidemiological research supporting the preventive and antihypertensive effects of major lifestyle interventions (regular physical exercise, body weight management and healthy dietary patterns), as well as other less traditional recommendations such as stress management and the promotion of adequate sleep patterns coupled with circadian entrainment. We also discuss the physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these lifestyle interventions on hypertension, which include not only the prevention of traditional risk factors (such as obesity and insulin resistance) and improvements in vascular health through an improved redox and inflammatory status, but also reduced sympathetic overactivation and non-traditional mechanisms such as increased secretion of myokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skane, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beatriz G Gálvez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Tian S, Zhang YJ, Ma QH, Xu Y, Sun HP, Pan CW. Associations between habitual tea consumption and 5-year longitudinal changes of systolic blood pressure in older Chinese. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 91:104245. [PMID: 32889362 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tea consumption may contribute to the management of blood pressure; however, evidence from longitudinal studies is lacking. This study aimed to examine the relationship between habitual tea consumption and trajectories of systolic blood pressure in a community-based sample of Chinese adults aged 60 years or older. METHODS A prospective cohort of 3870 participants was investigated from 2014 to 2018. Trajectories of systolic blood pressure were identified using latent mixture modeling with the Proc Traj procedure. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to explore associations between tea consumption habits and trajectories of systolic blood pressure. RESULTS In the overall sample, participants were less likely to be habitual tea drinkers if they were in the "moderate-stable" (144.4-149.9 mm Hg), "moderate-increasing" (157.2-180.0 mm Hg), and "elevated-increasing" (184.7-209.8 mm Hg) groups as compared to those in the "low-stable" group (125.3-130.0 mm Hg). The "elevated-decreasing" group (170.7 - 167.2 mmHg) consistently showed no significant difference in the likelihood of habitual tea drinking as compared to the "low-stable" group. CONCLUSIONS This community-based prospective study indicated that habitual tea consumption was associated with relatively favorable long-term systolic blood pressure statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tian
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - You-Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qing-Hua Ma
- The 3rd People's Hospital of Xiangcheng District, Suzhou 215134, China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong-Peng Sun
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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22
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Protective Effects of Polyphenols Present in Mediterranean Diet on Endothelial Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2097096. [PMID: 32831990 PMCID: PMC7428938 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2097096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction tends to be the initial indicator in proinflammatory state and macro- and microvascular complications, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. It has been shown that certain compounds in diet can generate beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease due to its interactions with endothelial cells. Thus, this review is aimed at investigating whether certain polyphenols present in the Mediterranean diet, specifically catechin, quercetin, resveratrol, and urolithin, could exert positive effects on endothelial dysfunction. After analysis of numerous papers, we found that polyphenols aiding endothelial function is beneficial not only for patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or endothelial dysfunction but for all people as it can improve the effects of aging on the endothelia. The additional benefit of these polyphenols on weight loss further improves health and lowers the risk of several diseases, including those caused by endothelial dysfunction. However, it is important to note that the dosages in the majorities of the studies mentioned in this review were of supplemental rather than nutritionally relevant quantities, and therefore, the recommended dosages are difficult to determine.
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The effects of regular consumption of green or black tea beverage on blood pressure in those with elevated blood pressure or hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2020; 51:102430. [PMID: 32507441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As a popular beverage, there has been much interest in studying the effects of tea intake on hypertension (HTN), a particular risk factor for cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). We have thus aimed to isolate the randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of black or green tea as a beverage in subjects with elevated blood pressure (BP), or HTN. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest dissertations and theses databases were searched from February 1, 1995, up to July 20, 2019, to identify relevant studies. RESULTS The search strategy generated 1119 trials, of which finally five trials fulfilled the criteria for being included in the current study. Three out of 5 articles showed a low risk of bias. According to nine measurements derived from 5 trials on 408 individuals, it was found that regular tea intake resulted in the reduction in SBP (weighted mean difference (WMD): -4.81 mmHg, 95 %CI: -8.40 to -1.58, P = .004) and DBP (WMD:-1.98 mmHg, 95 %CI: -3.77 to -0.20, P = .029); however, excluding the most heterogeneous trials showed that regular tea intake might reduce SBP and DBP by about -3.53 and -0.99 mmHg, respectively. Based on meta-regression findings, we found the longer the duration of tea intake (≥3months), the higher the decrease in both SBP and DBP. Categorized studies, according to the tea type, revealed that the hypotensive effects of green tea were more pronounced compared to black tea. None of the studies reported any side effects. CONCLUSION These results suggest the positive effects of regular tea intake on BP in subjects with elevated BP or HTN. Hence, it may be applicable to physicians, health care providers, and particularly HTN patients.
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Lin Y, Shi D, Su B, Wei J, Găman MA, Sedanur Macit M, Borges do Nascimento IJ, Guimaraes NS. The effect of green tea supplementation on obesity: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2459-2470. [PMID: 32372444 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of green tea (GT) in obese subjects have been evaluated in different studies, but no consensus has been obtained due to the heterogeneity of the results. The dosage, the type of extract, and the duration of the intervention are the main contributors to the heterogeneity of the results. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and dose-response relationship of GT. Several databases were searched from inception to September 2019 to identify clinical trials that examined the influence of GT supplements on obesity indices in humans. Combined results using the random-effects model indicated that body weight (WMD: -1.78 kg, 95% CI: -2.80, -0.75, p = .001) and body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.65 kg/m2 , 95% CI: -1.04, -0.25, p = .001) did change significantly following GT administration. The reduction in waist circumference (WC) after GT consumption was significant in subjects in trials employing GT ≥800 mg/day (WMD: -2.06 cm) and with a treatment duration <12 weeks (WMD: -2.39 cm). Following the dose-response evaluation, GT intake did alter body weight, with a more important reduction when the GT dosage was <500 mg/day and the treatment duration was of 12 weeks. The results of present meta-analysis study support the use of GT for the improvement of obesity indices. Thus, we suggest that the use of GT can be combined with a balanced and healthy diet and regular physical exercise in the management of obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dianfeng Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Su
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- "CarolDavila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Melahat Sedanur Macit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Nathalia Sernizon Guimaraes
- University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Znyk M, Polańska K, Bąk-Romaniszyn L, Kaleta D. Correlates of Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Level Testing Among a Socially-Disadvantaged Population in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2123. [PMID: 32210004 PMCID: PMC7142992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As part of cardiovascular disease prevention, the performance of BMI determination, blood pressure measurement, biochemical tests, as well as a lifestyle-related risk assessment are recommended. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlates of blood pressure and cholesterol level testing among a socially-disadvantaged population in Poland. This cross-sectional study was performed between 2015 and 2016 among 1710 beneficiaries of government welfare assistance. Face-to-face interviews conducted by trained staff at each participant's place of residence allowed for completion of questionnaires that covered socio-demographic, health and lifestyle-related information. Sixty-five percent of the participants declared a blood pressure and 27% of them cholesterol level testing at least once within the year proceeding the study. A higher chance of having blood pressure testing was observed among the women (OR = 1.5; p = 0.002) and people with high blood pressure (OR = 3.9; p < 0.001). The women (OR = 1.4; p = 0.04) and older people (OR = 1.9; p = 0.02; OR = 2.6; p < 0.001, OR = 2.7; p = 0.002, for the following age groups: 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 years respectively), the respondents who declared health problems such as heart attack (OR = 3.0; p = 0.04), high blood pressure (OR = 2.3; p < 0.001) and type 2 diabetes (OR = 3.3; p = 0.004) and those with a family history of chronic diseases (OR = 1.5; p = 0.03) had a higher chance of cholesterol level checking. Higher healthy lifestyle index, indicating that the study participants have followed almost all of the studied lifestyle-related recommendations, was a significant correlate of cholesterol level testing (OR = 1.7; p = 0.006). Actions that promote lifestyle changes, blood pressure, and cholesterol level testing should take into account the needs of the disadvantaged population and should especially target men, people with existing chronic diseases, and those with unfavorable lifestyle characteristics. With respect to the socially-disadvantaged population, the social assistance institutions and outpatient clinics are the best places to conduct activities promoting a healthy lifestyle. The most commonly applied strategies to promote lifestyle changes can cover risk assessment, increasing awareness, emotional support and encouragement, as well as a referral to specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Znyk
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Kinga Polańska
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.P.); (D.K.)
| | - Leokadia Bąk-Romaniszyn
- Department of Nutrition in Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Dorota Kaleta
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (K.P.); (D.K.)
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Xu R, Yang K, Ding J, Chen G. Effect of green tea supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19047. [PMID: 32028419 PMCID: PMC7015560 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although evidence from animal and observational studies has supported the beneficial effects of green tea intake for lowering blood pressure (BP), randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) have yielded conflicting results. In this meta-analysis of RCTs, we aimed to assess the effects of green tea supplementation on measures of BP control. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched from inception to August 2019 for all relevant studies. The results were pooled using the generic inverse-variance method with random-effects weighting and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The quality of studies was assessed using the Jadad score. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots, Egger test, and Begg test. RESULTS Twenty-four trials with 1697 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that green tea significantly lowered systolic BP (SBP; MD: -1.17 mm Hg; 95%CI: -2.18 to -0.16mm Hg; P = .02) and diastolic BP (DBP; MD: -1.24 mm Hg; 95%CI:-2.07 to -0.40mm Hg; P = .004). Significant heterogeneity was found for both SBP (I = 43%) and DBP (I = 57%). In addition, no evidence of significant publication bias was found from funnel plots or Egger test (P = .674 and P = .270 for SBP and DBP, respectively). CONCLUSION Overall, green tea significantly reduced SBP and DBP over the duration of the short-term trials. Larger and longer-term trials are needed to further investigate the effects of green tea supplementation on BP control and clinical events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Abstract
ZusammenfassungErhöhter Blutdruck bleibt eine Hauptursache von kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Behinderung und frühzeitiger Sterblichkeit in Österreich, wobei die Raten an Diagnose, Behandlung und Kontrolle auch in rezenten Studien suboptimal sind. Das Management von Bluthochdruck ist eine häufige Herausforderung für Ärztinnen und Ärzte vieler Fachrichtungen. In einem Versuch, diagnostische und therapeutische Strategien zu standardisieren und letztendlich die Rate an gut kontrollierten Hypertoniker/innen zu erhöhen und dadurch kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen zu verhindern, haben 13 österreichische medizinische Fachgesellschaften die vorhandene Evidenz zur Prävention, Diagnose, Abklärung, Therapie und Konsequenzen erhöhten Blutdrucks gesichtet. Das hier vorgestellte Ergebnis ist der erste Österreichische Blutdruckkonsens. Die Autoren und die beteiligten Fachgesellschaften sind davon überzeugt, daß es einer gemeinsamen nationalen Anstrengung bedarf, die Blutdruck-assoziierte Morbidität und Mortalität in unserem Land zu verringern.
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Li D, Wang R, Huang J, Cai Q, Yang CS, Wan X, Xie Z. Effects and Mechanisms of Tea Regulating Blood Pressure: Evidences and Promises. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1115. [PMID: 31109113 PMCID: PMC6567086 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have overtaken cancers as the number one cause of death. Hypertension is the most dangerous factor linked to deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. Many researchers have reported that tea has anti-hypertensive effects in animals and humans. The aim of this review is to update the information on the anti-hypertensive effects of tea in human interventions and animal studies, and to summarize the underlying mechanisms, based on ex-vivo tissue and cell culture data. During recent years, an increasing number of human population studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of tea on hypertension. However, the optimal dose has not yet been established owing to differences in the extent of hypertension, and complicated social and genetic backgrounds of populations. Therefore, further large-scale investigations with longer terms of observation and tighter controls are needed to define optimal doses in subjects with varying degrees of hypertensive risk factors, and to determine differences in beneficial effects amongst diverse populations. Moreover, data from laboratory studies have shown that tea and its secondary metabolites have important roles in relaxing smooth muscle contraction, enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, reducing vascular inflammation, inhibiting rennin activity, and anti-vascular oxidative stress. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of these activities remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Ruru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jinbao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Qingshuang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Chung S Yang
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA.
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects of Ministry of Education, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Yang CS, Zhang J. Studies on the Prevention of Cancer and Cardiometabolic Diseases by Tea: Issues on Mechanisms, Effective Doses, and Toxicities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5446-5456. [PMID: 30541286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a brief overview of studies on the prevention of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases by tea. The major focus is on green tea catechins concerning the effective doses used, the mechanisms of action, and possible toxic effects. In cancer prevention by tea, the laboratory results are strong; however, the human data are inconclusive, and the effective doses used in some human trials approached toxic levels. In studies of the alleviation of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, the results from human studies are stronger in individuals who consume 3-4 cups of tea (600-900 mg of catechins) or more per day. The tolerable upper intake level of tea catechins has been set at 300 mg of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in a bolus dose per day in some European countries. The effects of doses and dosage forms on catechin toxicity, the mechanisms involved, and factors that may affect toxicity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 164 Frelinghuysen Road , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854-8020 , United States
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Sánchez M, Romero M, Gómez-Guzmán M, Tamargo J, Pérez-Vizcaino F, Duarte J. Cardiovascular Effects of Flavonoids. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6991-7034. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181220094721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
:
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the major cause of death worldwide, especially in Western
society. Flavonoids are a large group of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants, present
in a considerable amount in fruit and vegetable. Several epidemiological studies found an inverse association
between flavonoids intake and mortality by CVD. The antioxidant effect of flavonoids was
considered the main mechanism of action of flavonoids and other polyphenols. In recent years, the role
of modulation of signaling pathways by direct interaction of flavonoids with multiple protein targets,
namely kinases, has been increasingly recognized and involved in their cardiovascular protective effect.
There are strong evidence, in in vitro and animal experimental models, that some flavonoids induce
vasodilator effects, improve endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance, exert platelet antiaggregant
and atheroprotective effects, and reduce blood pressure. Despite interacting with multiple targets, flavonoids
are surprisingly safe. This article reviews the recent evidence about cardiovascular effects that
support a beneficial role of flavonoids on CVD and the potential molecular targets involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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Feasibility and acceptability of a beverage intervention for Hispanic adults: results from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Public Health Nutr 2018; 22:542-552. [PMID: 30451147 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018003051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a beverage intervention in Hispanic adults. DESIGN Eligible individuals identified as Hispanic, were 18-64 years old and had BMI 30·0-50·0 kg/m2. Participants were randomized 2:2:1 to one of three beverages: Mediterranean lemonade (ML), green tea (GT) or flavoured water control (FW). After a 2-week washout period, participants were asked to consume 32 oz (946 ml) of study beverage daily for 6 weeks and avoid other sources of tea, citrus, juice and sweetened beverages; water was permissible. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and 8 weeks to assess primary and secondary efficacy outcomes. SETTING Tucson, AZ, USA.ParticipantsFifty-two participants were recruited over 6 months; fifty were randomized (twenty-one ML, nineteen GT, ten FW). Study population mean (sd) age 44·6 (sd 10·2) years, BMI 35·9 (4·6) kg/m2; 78 % female. RESULTS Forty-four (88 %) completed the 8-week assessment. Self-reported adherence was high. No significant change (95 % CI) in total cholesterol (mg/dl) from baseline was shown -1·7 (-14·2, 10·9), -3·9 (-17·2, 9·4) and -13·2 (-30·2, 3·8) for ML, GT and FW, respectively. Mean change in HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) -2·3 (-5·3, 0·7; ML), -1·0 (-4·2, 2·2; GT), -3·9 (-8·0, 0·2; FW) and LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) 0·2 (-11·3, 11·8; ML), 0·5 (-11·4, 12·4; GT), -9·8 (-25·0, 5·4; FW) were also non-significant. Fasting glucose (mg/dl) increased significantly by 5·2 (2·6, 7·9; ML) and 3·3 (0·58, 6·4; GT). No significant change in HbA1c was demonstrated. Due to the small sample size, potential confounders and effect modifiers were not investigated. CONCLUSIONS Recruitment and retention figures indicate that a larger-scale trial is feasible; however, favourable changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers were not demonstrated.
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2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens 2018; 36:1953-2041. [PMID: 30234752 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1795] [Impact Index Per Article: 299.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
: Document reviewers: Guy De Backer (ESC Review Co-ordinator) (Belgium), Anthony M. Heagerty (ESH Review Co-ordinator) (UK), Stefan Agewall (Norway), Murielle Bochud (Switzerland), Claudio Borghi (Italy), Pierre Boutouyrie (France), Jana Brguljan (Slovenia), Héctor Bueno (Spain), Enrico G. Caiani (Italy), Bo Carlberg (Sweden), Neil Chapman (UK), Renata Cifkova (Czech Republic), John G. F. Cleland (UK), Jean-Philippe Collet (France), Ioan Mircea Coman (Romania), Peter W. de Leeuw (The Netherlands), Victoria Delgado (The Netherlands), Paul Dendale (Belgium), Hans-Christoph Diener (Germany), Maria Dorobantu (Romania), Robert Fagard (Belgium), Csaba Farsang (Hungary), Marc Ferrini (France), Ian M. Graham (Ireland), Guido Grassi (Italy), Hermann Haller (Germany), F. D. Richard Hobbs (UK), Bojan Jelakovic (Croatia), Catriona Jennings (UK), Hugo A. Katus (Germany), Abraham A. Kroon (The Netherlands), Christophe Leclercq (France), Dragan Lovic (Serbia), Empar Lurbe (Spain), Athanasios J. Manolis (Greece), Theresa A. McDonagh (UK), Franz Messerli (Switzerland), Maria Lorenza Muiesan (Italy), Uwe Nixdorff (Germany), Michael Hecht Olsen (Denmark), Gianfranco Parati (Italy), Joep Perk (Sweden), Massimo Francesco Piepoli (Italy), Jorge Polonia (Portugal), Piotr Ponikowski (Poland), Dimitrios J. Richter (Greece), Stefano F. Rimoldi (Switzerland), Marco Roffi (Switzerland), Naveed Sattar (UK), Petar M. Seferovic (Serbia), Iain A. Simpson (UK), Miguel Sousa-Uva (Portugal), Alice V. Stanton (Ireland), Philippe van de Borne (Belgium), Panos Vardas (Greece), Massimo Volpe (Italy), Sven Wassmann (Germany), Stephan Windecker (Switzerland), Jose Luis Zamorano (Spain).The disclosure forms of all experts involved in the development of these Guidelines are available on the ESC website www.escardio.org/guidelines.
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Corlin L, Ball S, Woodin M, Patton AP, Lane K, Durant JL, Brugge D. Relationship of Time-Activity-Adjusted Particle Number Concentration with Blood Pressure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15092036. [PMID: 30231494 PMCID: PMC6165221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15092036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests long-term exposure to ultrafine particulate matter (UFP, aerodynamic diameter < 0.1 µm) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated whether annual average UFP exposure was associated with measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and hypertension prevalence among 409 adults participating in the cross-sectional Community Assessment of Freeway Exposure and Health (CAFEH) study. We used measurements of particle number concentration (PNC, a proxy for UFP) obtained from mobile monitoring campaigns in three near-highway and three urban background areas in and near Boston, Massachusetts to develop PNC regression models (20-m spatial and hourly temporal resolution). Individual modeled estimates were adjusted for time spent in different micro-environments (time-activity-adjusted PNC, TAA-PNC). Mean TAA-PNC was 22,000 particles/cm3 (sd = 6500). In linear models (logistic for hypertension) adjusted for the minimally sufficient set of covariates indicated by a directed acyclic graph (DAG), we found positive, non-significant associations between natural log-transformed TAA-PNC and SBP (β = 5.23, 95%CI: −0.68, 11.14 mmHg), PP (β = 4.27, 95%CI: −0.79, 9.32 mmHg), and hypertension (OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 0.94, 3.48), but not DBP (β = 0.96, 95%CI: −2.08, 4.00 mmHg). Associations were stronger among non-Hispanic white participants and among diabetics in analyses stratified by race/ethnicity and, separately, by health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corlin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Shannon Ball
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Mark Woodin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Allison P Patton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Health Effects Institute, 75 Federal Street, Suite 1400, Boston, MA 02110, USA.
| | - Kevin Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - John L Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Tufts University Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life, 35 Professors Row, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, Clement DL, Coca A, de Simone G, Dominiczak A, Kahan T, Mahfoud F, Redon J, Ruilope L, Zanchetti A, Kerins M, Kjeldsen SE, Kreutz R, Laurent S, Lip GYH, McManus R, Narkiewicz K, Ruschitzka F, Schmieder RE, Shlyakhto E, Tsioufis C, Aboyans V, Desormais I. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:3021-3104. [PMID: 30165516 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5597] [Impact Index Per Article: 932.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Li G, Jin Y, Mbuagbaw L, Dolovich L, Adachi JD, Levine MAH, Cook D, Samaan Z, Thabane L. Enhancing research publications and advancing scientific writing in health research collaborations: sharing lessons learnt from the trenches. J Multidiscip Healthc 2018; 11:245-254. [PMID: 29844676 PMCID: PMC5961639 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s152681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disseminating research protocols, processes, methods or findings via peer-reviewed publications has substantive merits and benefits to various stakeholders. PURPOSE In this article, we share strategies to enhance research publication contents (ie, what to write about) and to facilitate scientific writing (ie, how to write) in health research collaborations. METHODS Empirical experience sharing. RESULTS To enhance research publication contents, we encourage identifying appropriate opportunities for publications, publishing protocols ahead of results papers, seeking publications related to methodological issues, considering justified secondary analyses, and sharing academic process or experience. To advance writing, we suggest setting up scientific writing as a goal, seeking an appropriate mentorship, making full use of scientific meetings and presentations, taking some necessary formal training in areas such as effective communication and time and stress management, and embracing the iterative process of writing. CONCLUSION All the strategies we share are dependent upon each other; and they advocate gradual academic accomplishments through study and training in a "success-breeds-success" way. It is expected that the foregoing shared strategies in this paper, together with other previous guidance articles, can assist one with enhancing research publications, and eventually one's academic success in health research collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Li
- Department of Health Research Methods, Impact and Evidence, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Evaluation of Medicines, Programs for Assessment of Technology in Health (PATH) Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yanling Jin
- Department of Health Research Methods, Impact and Evidence, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Impact and Evidence, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Dolovich
- Department of Health Research Methods, Impact and Evidence, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Adachi
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mitchell AH Levine
- Department of Health Research Methods, Impact and Evidence, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Evaluation of Medicines, Programs for Assessment of Technology in Health (PATH) Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah Cook
- Department of Health Research Methods, Impact and Evidence, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zainab Samaan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Impact and Evidence, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Impact and Evidence, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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The Anti-Obesity Effects of Green Tea: A Controlled, Randomized, Clinical Trial. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.55950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Polyphenols and Their Interactions With Other Dietary Compounds: Implications for Human Health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 84:103-144. [PMID: 29555067 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Regular and optimal intake of polyphenols associates with numerous health-promoting effects. Bioavailability and activity of polyphenols depend on foods' structure and interactions with other food constituents, especially proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Polyphenols-proteins interactions can result in various biological effects, such as sense of astringency. So far, polyphenols interactions with food lipids have not been of special importance, except in case of plant oils. Polyphenols-carbohydrates interactions can influence the organoleptic properties, while interactions with dietary fibers are particularly significant. Polyphenols can decrease the synthesis of fats and fatty acids in the liver, or delay their absorption in intestines. Also, polyphenols can slow down digestion of carbohydrates, through the inhibition of digestive enzymes or modulation of glucose uptake. Both animal and plant proteins have low impact on the bioavailability of polyphenols, but some in vitro studies reported that milk proteins could enhance intestinal absorption of polyphenols from tea. Dietary fats may alter the passage of polyphenols through gastrointestinal tract and impact absorption of more hydrophobic polyphenols in particular. While some studies reported that associations with carbohydrates could decrease bioavailability of polyphenols, the others showed the opposite effects. Macronutrients can be used for encapsulation of polyphenols, which can increase their bioavailability and ensure controlled and targeted release. Polyphenols' interactions in the body include their incorporation in cell membranes which causes changes in fatty acid profile and impacts membrane-bound transporters and enzymes. Finally, gut microbiota plays essential role in metabolism of both polyphenols and macronutrients and thus can have great impact on their interactions.
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Yang CS, Wang H, Sheridan ZP. Studies on prevention of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer by tea. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:1-13. [PMID: 29389543 PMCID: PMC9332647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea, a popular beverage made from leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis, has been studied extensively in recent decades for its beneficial health effects in the prevention of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cancer, and other diseases. Whereas these beneficial effects have been convincingly demonstrated in most laboratory studies, results from human studies have not been consistent. Some studies demonstrated that weight reduction, alleviation of metabolic syndrome and risk reduction in diabetes were only observed in individuals who consume 3-4 cups of tea (600-900 mg tea catechins) or more daily. This chapter reviews some of these studies, the possible mechanisms of actions of tea constituents, and the challenges in extrapolating laboratory studies to human situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Shu Yang
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA. Fax: +1 732 445 0687. E-mail address: (C.S. Yang)
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The antioxidant effects of green tea reduces blood pressure and sympathoexcitation in an experimental model of hypertension. J Hypertens 2017; 35:348-354. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yin JY, Duan SY, Liu FC, Yao QK, Tu S, Xu Y, Pan CW. Blood Pressure Is Associated with Tea Consumption: A Cross-sectional Study in a Rural, Elderly Population of Jiangsu China. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1151-1159. [PMID: 29188874 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tea has long been hypothesized to possess hypotensive effects. However, there is uncertainty regarding the association of tea consumption with arterial blood pressure (BP). We aimed to examine the association between tea consumption and BP components including systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). DESIGN Community-based, cross-sectional study of Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. SETTING Tea consumption has protective influence on BP and presence of hypertension. PARTICIPANTS 4579 older adults aged 60 years or older from the Weitang Geriatric Diseases study. MEASUREMENTS Detailed information regarding tea consumption was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. BP components were measured at least 3 times with a minimum 5-minute interval, by well-trained research nurses. METHODS Data of 4579 older adults (response rate: 82%) aged 60 years or older from the Weitang Geriatric Diseases study were included in the analysis and we estimated the relationship of tea consumption and BP using linear regression models and the association between tea consumption and risk of hypertension using logistic regression models. RESULTS In linear regression models, higher tea consumption frequency was found to be associated with lower systolic BP values, after adjusting for the effect of age, sex, education level, lifestyle-related factors, and cardiometabolic confounding factors in overall (coefficient =-1.49, P=0.0003), normotensive (coefficient =-0.91, P=0.017) and participants without anti-hypertensive treatment (coefficient =-1.26, P=0.027). Significant inverse association between diastolic BP and frequency of tea consumption was also observed in the overall subjects (coefficient =-0.74, P=0.003). In multivariate logistic analyses, habitual tea drinking was inversely associated with presence of hypertension [odds ratio (OR)=0.79, P=0.011] , and there was a progressive reduction in risk associated with higher frequency of tea consumption (P for trend=0.011). CONCLUSION Habitual tea consumption was found to be associated with lower values of components of BP and a reduced likelihood of having hypertension in older adults. Given the widespread consumption of tea throughout China and the world, together with the major cardiovascular disease risk, our findings have important implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Yin
- Chen-Wei Pan, MD, PhD, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, China 215123. Tel: +86 0512 65883907 /
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Tomé-Carneiro J, Visioli F. Polyphenol-based nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease: Review of human evidence. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1145-1174. [PMID: 26776959 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to prescription drugs, nutraceuticals/functional foods/medical foods are being increasingly added as adjunct treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), even though most of them have been exclusively studied in vitro. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We review the available evidence (focusing on when the amount of polyphenols' intake was measured) coming from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of (poly)phenol-based supplements. CONCLUSION We conclude that (poly)phenol-based nutraceuticals and functional foods might be indeed used as adjunct therapy of CVD, but additional long-term RCTs with adequate numerosity and with clinically relevant end points are needed to provide unequivocal evidence of their clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) - Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) - Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy .
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Beneficial Effects of Tea and the Green Tea Catechin Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on Obesity. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101305. [PMID: 27689985 PMCID: PMC6274011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea has been shown to have beneficial effects against cancer, obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes, bacterial and viral infections, and dental caries. The catechin (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has shown the highest biological activity among green tea catechins (GTCs) in most of the studies. While several epidemiological studies have shown the beneficial effects of tea and GTCs on obesity, some studies have failed to do this. In addition, a large number of interventional clinical studies have shown these favorable effects, and cellular and animal experiments have supported those findings, and revealed the underlying anti-obesity mechanisms. One of the mechanisms is enhanced cellular production of reactive oxygen species, which is mediated through the pro-oxidant action of EGCG, leading to the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, which suppresses gene and protein expression of enzymes and transcription factors involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis, and stimulates those involved in lipolysis. Recently, scientific evidence supporting the beneficial anti-obesity effects of green tea and GTCs has been increasing. However, future investigations are still required to clarify the reasons for the inconsistent results reported in the human studies; to achieve this, careful adjustment of confounding factors will be required.
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Zhu Y, Bo Y, Wang X, Lu W, Wang X, Han Z, Qiu C. The Effect of Anthocyanins on Blood Pressure: A PRISMA-Compliant Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3380. [PMID: 27082604 PMCID: PMC4839848 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The findings of clinical studies concerning the association between anthocyanins supplementation and blood pressure (BP) are inconsistent. In order to provide a more precise estimate of the overall effect of anthocyanins on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), we conducted a meta-analysis of clinical trials about anthocyanins supplementation and BP. PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (until October 2015) were searched to identify potential studies with information on anthocyanins extract supplementation and arterial BP. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as a summary statistic. Net changes in SBP and DBP between anthocyanins supplementation and placebo groups were calculated by subtracting the values at end of follow-up from those at baseline. Meta regression was used to explore the potential moderators of effect size. The publication bias was assessed using Begger's Funnel plots and Egger's tests; P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Finally, 6 clinical studies with 472 participants for the effect of anthocyanins consumption on BP were included in the present meta-analysis. There is no significant effect on either SBP (WMD: 1.15 mm Hg, 95% CI: -3.17 to 5.47, I2 = 56%) or DBP (WMD: 1.06 mm Hg, 95% CI: -0.71 to 2.83, I2 = 0%) following supplementation with anthocyanins. In summary, results from this meta-analysis do not favor any clinical efficacy of supplementation with anthocyanins in improving blood pressure. Further well-designed large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with long follow-up period are needed to verify the association of anthocyanins supplementation and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Zhu
- From the Department of Cardiology (YZ), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene (YB), College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University; Department of Cardiology (XW); Department of Cardiology (WL); Department of Cardiology (XW); Department of Cardiology (ZH); and Department of Cardiology (CQ), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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