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Lai JY, Mclarnon P, Sheridan C, Vallabh NA. Evaluating the impact of caloric restriction, body mass index and exercise on primary open-angle glaucoma: A review. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721241274445. [PMID: 39169764 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241274445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
This literature review evaluates any possible links between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and caloric restriction (CR), body mass index (BMI), and exercise, aiming to map the extent of the literature. Its primary objective is to recognise the nature and breadth of research evidence, identify possible gaps in these topics and develop future studies. The databases searched were MEDLINE (PudMed), Scopus and ScienceDirect, in April 2023 for articles published in English, with no date restriction. A total of 447 search results were retrieved. Of these, 73 were related to CR, 249 to BMI, and 125 to exercise. Records identified included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and animal studies. CR has been shown to halt the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and protect against various glaucomatous processes in animal models. Low BMI has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of POAG and a faster rate of visual field deterioration in POAG. However, the association between high BMI and POAG is not consistent. Exercise has been shown to cause mechanical, vascular, and neurobiological changes affecting the pathophysiology of POAG. The present review helps identify key characteristics and factors relating to the impacts of CR, BMI, or exercise on POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ym Lai
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Patrick Mclarnon
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carl Sheridan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Neeru A Vallabh
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Kashihara T, Morita Y, Hatta M, Inoue S, Suzuki Y, Morita A, Nakahara T. YAP activation in Müller cells protects against NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell injury by regulating Bcl-xL expression. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1446521. [PMID: 39166115 PMCID: PMC11333228 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1446521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinal neurodegeneration, characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, is a leading cause of vision impairment and loss in blind diseases, such as glaucoma. Müller cells play crucial roles in maintaining retinal homeostasis. Thus, dysfunction of Müller cells has been implicated as one of the causes of retinal diseases. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP), a nuclear effector of the Hippo pathway, regulates mammalian cell survival. In this study, we investigated the role of YAP in Müller cells during N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced excitotoxic RGC injury in rats. We found that YAP expression increased and was activated in Müller cells after NMDA-induced RGC injury. This YAP response was partly due to an increase in Yap mRNA levels, although it may be independent of the Hippo pathway and β-TrCP-mediated YAP degradation. Morphological analysis revealed that verteporfin, a selective YAP inhibitor, exacerbated NMDA-induced RGC degeneration, suggesting that YAP activation in Müller cells contributes to RGC survival in NMDA-treated retinas. Studies in the rat Müller cell line (rMC-1) demonstrated that overexpression of YAP increased the levels of Bcl-xL, while verteporfin decreased the levels of Bcl-xL and cell viability and increased the levels of cytochrome c released from mitochondria and cleaved caspase-3. Finally, we found that Bcl-xL expression increased slightly in NMDA-treated retinas, whereas intravitreal injection of verteporfin suppressed this increase. Our findings suggest that activated YAP in Müller cells protects against NMDA-induced RGC injury by upregulating Bcl-xL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Kashihara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Klugah-Brown B, Bore MC, Liu X, Gan X, Biswal BB, Kendrick KM, Chang DHF, Zhou B, Becker B. The neurostructural consequences of glaucoma and their overlap with disorders exhibiting emotional dysregulations: A voxel-based meta-analysis and tripartite system model. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:487-499. [PMID: 38705527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to irreversible blindness, is associated with heightened rates of generalized anxiety and depression. This study aims to comprehensively investigate brain morphological changes in glaucoma patients, extending beyond visual processing areas, and explores overlaps with morphological alterations observed in anxiety and depression. METHODS A comparative meta-analysis was conducted, using case-control studies of brain structural integrity in glaucoma patients. We aimed to identify regions with gray matter volume (GMV) changes, examine their role within distinct large-scale networks, and assess overlap with alterations in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). RESULTS Glaucoma patients exhibited significant GMV reductions in visual processing regions (lingual gyrus, thalamus). Notably, volumetric reductions extended beyond visual systems, encompassing the left putamen and insula. Behavioral and functional network decoding revealed distinct large-scale networks, implicating visual, motivational, and affective domains. The insular region, linked to pain and affective processes, displayed reductions overlapping with alterations observed in GAD. LIMITATIONS While the study identified significant morphological alterations, the number of studies from both the glaucoma and GAD cohorts remains limited due to the lack of independent studies meeting our inclusion criteria. CONCLUSION The study proposes a tripartite brain model for glaucoma, with visual processing changes related to the lingual gyrus and additional alterations in the putamen and insular regions tied to emotional or motivational functions. These neuroanatomical changes extend beyond the visual system, implying broader implications for brain structure and potential pathological developments, providing insights into the overall neurological consequences of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klugah-Brown
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mercy C Bore
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiqin Liu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianyang Gan
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, USA
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dorita H F Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Ma Z, Hao J, Yang Z, Zhang M, Xin J, Bi H, Guo D. Research Progress on the Role of Ubiquitination in Eye Diseases. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01381-y. [PMID: 38913283 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of ophthalmic diseases are related to the dysfunction of eye tissues. Ubiquitin is an important form of protein post-translational modification, which plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of diseases through specific modification of target proteins. Ubiquitination governs a variety of intracellular signal transduction processes, including proteasome degradation, DNA damage repair, and cell cycle progression. Studies have found that ubiquitin can play a role in eye diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma, keratopathy, retinopathy, and eye tumors. In this paper, the role of protein ubiquitination in eye diseases was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Jiawen Hao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Jizhao Xin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmology and Children Visual Impairment Prevention and Control, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Visual Intelligence, Shandong Academy of Health and Myopia Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents, Jinan, 250002, China.
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
| | - Dadong Guo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmology and Children Visual Impairment Prevention and Control, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Visual Intelligence, Shandong Academy of Health and Myopia Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents, Jinan, 250002, China.
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
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Yang Z, Zhang J, Zheng Y. Higher vitamin B 6 dietary consumption is associated with a lower risk of glaucoma among United States adults. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1363539. [PMID: 38903614 PMCID: PMC11188593 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1363539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Although numerous studies have substantiated the neuroprotective effects of vitamin B6 on the optic nerve and its enhancement of visual function, comprehensive data delineating the correlation between vitamin B6 and glaucoma at a national demographic scale remain insufficient. This study is designed to explore the link between the dietary consumption of vitamin B6 and glaucoma. Methods This study included 3,850 individuals aged 40 and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), spanning 2005-2008. Dietary consumption of vitamin B6 was calculated from the average of two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Glaucoma was diagnosed in accordance with the established Rotterdam criteria. To evaluate the relationship between vitamin B6 dietary consumption and the risk of glaucoma, we employed Restricted Cubic Splines and weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis. We employed stratified and three other sensitivity analyses to confirm the robustness of our results, and conducted a preliminary exploration of the potential association between vitamin B6 supplement consumption and glaucoma risk. Results After adjusting for covariates, we found a significant inverse correlation between dietary consumption of vitamin B6 and glaucoma risk (p non-linearity = 0.18; p for trend = 0.02). Stratified analysis and three other sensitivity analyses revealed stability in the outcomes (all p for interaction>0.05). Compared to the lowest quartile of consumption (≤1.23 mg/day), individuals in the highest quartile of vitamin B6 consumption (>2.34 mg/day) experienced a 75% reduction in glaucoma risk (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.07-0.92). However, the effect of vitamin B6 supplements on glaucoma was inconclusive. Conclusion A diet high in vitamin B6 inversely correlates with glaucoma risk, suggesting that increasing dietary intake of vitamin B6 could be a viable preventative strategy against glaucoma among adults in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Hu H, Nie D, Fang M, He W, Zhang J, Liu X, Zhang G. Müller cells under hydrostatic pressure modulate retinal cell survival via TRPV1/PLCγ1 complex-mediated calcium influx in experimental glaucoma. FEBS J 2024; 291:2703-2714. [PMID: 38390745 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma, an irreversible blinding eye disease, is currently unclear whose pathological mechanism is. This study investigated how transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 (PLCγ1), and P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) modulate the levels of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in Müller cells and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) under conditions of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Müller cells were maintained at hydrostatic pressure (HP). TRPV1- and PLCG1-silenced Müller cells and P2X7-silenced RGCs were constructed by transfection with short interfering RNA (siRNAs). RGCs were cultured with the conditioned media of Müller cells under HP. A mouse model of chronic ocular hypertension (COH) was established and used to investigate the role of TRPV1 in RGCs in vivo. Müller cells and RGCs were analyzed by ATP release assays, intracellular calcium assays, CCK-8 assays, EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) staining, TUNEL staining, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy. In vivo changes in inner retinal function were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and TUNEL staining. Western blot analyses were performed to measure the levels of related proteins. Our data showed that HP increased the levels of ATP and Ca2+ influx in Müller cells, and those increases were accompanied by the upregulation of TRPV1 and p-PLCγ1 expression. Suppression of TRPV1 or PLCG1 expression in Müller cells significantly decreased the ATP levels and intracellular Ca2+ accumulation induced by HP. Knockdown of TRPV1, PLCG1, or P2X7 significantly decreased apoptosis and autophagy in RGCs cultured in the conditioned media of HP-treated Müller cells. Moreover, TRPV1 silencing decreased RGC apoptosis and autophagy in the in vivo model of COH. Collectively, inhibition of TRPV1/PLCγ1 and P2X7 expression may be a useful therapeutic strategy for managing RGC death in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Hu
- Department of Cataract, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danyao Nie
- Department of Cataract, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Glaucoma, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenling He
- Department of Cataract, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cataract, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Cataract, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Department of Fundus Disease, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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George R, Mishra P, Shantha B, Vijaya L, Maksane N, Gurha N. Understanding the treatment paradigm and the sequencing of antiglaucoma fixed-dose combinations in a tertiary center in South India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:896-901. [PMID: 38623708 PMCID: PMC11232873 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_694_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the medical management of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) and the placement of fixed-drug combination drugs (FDC) in the treatment paradigm at a tertiary eye care center in South India. METHODS Retrospective study (January 2011-December 2015) of newly diagnosed POAG and OHT patients (≥18 years) with ≥5 years follow-up. Primary outcome included percentage use of different antiglaucoma drugs (at initiation) and FDCs at the first, second, and third progression (sequencing). Secondary outcomes: Percentage discontinuation for different FDCs, efficacy parameters (decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP)/visual field), adverse events, and the median number of antiglaucoma medications (AGMs) after 5 years. RESULTS Three hundred and seventy eyes (198 patients) were analyzed; 84% of them had POAG. Prostaglandin analogs (PGAs) were the most common (66.2%). FDCs were started in 48 eyes (12.9%), with brimonidine + timolol combination being the most common. FDC usage at subsequent modifications was 10.1%, 24.04%, and 30.0%. Beta-blockers and PGAs were the most frequently prescribed AGMs in our practice pattern, with β-blockers being the most consistent one. CONCLUSION This study is a fairly large study with a minimum of a 5-year follow-up of patients with POAG and OHT and gives insights into the treatment patterns, use of FDCs, and the need for multiple medications over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie George
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathmal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Sankara Nerthralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praggya Mishra
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathmal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Sankara Nerthralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balekudaru Shantha
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathmal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Sankara Nerthralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lingam Vijaya
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathmal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Sankara Nerthralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nitin Maksane
- Medical Affairs, Novartis Healthcare Private Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Gurha
- Medical Affairs, Novartis Healthcare Private Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Sawamura H, Asaoka R, Murata H, Ando E, Gillebert CR. Extraction of three-dimensional shapes in glaucoma patients in response to monocular depth cues. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2024; 68:183-191. [PMID: 38598144 PMCID: PMC11087329 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-024-01054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the impact of glaucoma on perceiving three-dimensional (3D) shapes based on monocular depth cues. STUDY DESIGN Clinical observational study. METHODS Twenty glaucoma patients, subjected to binocular visual-field sensitivity (binocular-VFS) tests using a Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer, and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers, underwent two tasks: identifying the nearest vertex of a 3D shape using monocular shading (3D-SfS), texture (3D-SfT), or motion (3D-SfM) cues, and distinguishing elementary one-dimensional (1D) features of these cues. The association of the visual-field index (VFI) of binocular-VFS with 3D shape perception in glaucoma patients was also examined. RESULTS Glaucoma patients demonstrated reduced accuracy in distinguishing 1D luminance brightness and a larger "error-in-depth" between the perceived and actual depths for 3D-SfM and 3D-SfS compared to healthy volunteers. Six glaucoma patients with a 100% VFI for binocular-VFS exhibited a similar error-in-depth to the other fourteen glaucoma patients; they had a larger error-in-depth for 3D-SfM compared to healthy volunteers. No correlation between the error-in-depth values and the VFI values of binocular-VFS was observed. CONCLUSIONS The 3D shape perception in glaucoma patients varies based on the depth cue's characteristics. Impaired 1D discrimination and larger thresholds for 3D-SfM in glaucoma patients with a 100% VFI for binocular-VFS indicate more pronounced perceptual deficits of lower-level elementary features for 3D-SfS and higher-level visual processing of 3D shapes for 3D-SfM. The effects of the location and degree of binocular visual-field defects on 3D shape perception remain to be elucidated. Our research provides insights into the 3D shape extraction mechanism in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Sawamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Ryo Asaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
- Seirei Christopher University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
- Nanovision Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
- The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murata
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Eriko Ando
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Karnam S, Maurya S, Ng E, Choudhary A, Thobani A, Flanagan JG, Gronert K. Dysregulation of neuroprotective lipoxin pathway in astrocytes in response to cytokines and ocular hypertension. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:58. [PMID: 38610040 PMCID: PMC11010376 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma leads to vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell death. Astrocyte reactivity contributes to neurodegeneration. Our recent study found that lipoxin B4 (LXB4), produced by retinal astrocytes, has direct neuroprotective actions on retinal ganglion cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the autacoid LXB4 influences astrocyte reactivity in the retina under inflammatory cytokine-induced activation and during ocular hypertension. The protective activity of LXB4 was investigated in vivo using the mouse silicone-oil model of chronic ocular hypertension. By employing a range of analytical techniques, including bulk RNA-seq, RNAscope in-situ hybridization, qPCR, and lipidomic analyses, we discovered the formation of lipoxins and expression of the lipoxin pathway in rodents (including the retina and optic nerve), primates (optic nerve), and human brain astrocytes, indicating the presence of this neuroprotective pathway across various species. Findings in the mouse retina identified significant dysregulation of the lipoxin pathway in response to chronic ocular hypertension, leading to an increase in 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity and a decrease in 15-LOX activity. This dysregulation was coincident with a marked upregulation of astrocyte reactivity. Reactive human brain astrocytes also showed a significant increase in 5-LOX. Treatment with LXB4 amplified the lipoxin biosynthetic pathway by restoring and amplifying the generation of another member of the lipoxin family, LXA4, and mitigated astrocyte reactivity in mouse retinas and human brain astrocytes. In conclusion, the lipoxin pathway is functionally expressed in rodents, primates, and human astrocytes, and is a resident neuroprotective pathway that is downregulated in reactive astrocytes. Novel cellular targets for LXB4's neuroprotective action are inhibition of astrocyte reactivity and restoration of lipoxin generation. Amplifying the lipoxin pathway is a potential target to disrupt or prevent astrocyte reactivity in neurodegenerative diseases, including retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Karnam
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shubham Maurya
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elainna Ng
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Amodini Choudhary
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Arzin Thobani
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John G Flanagan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Rusciano D, Russo C. The Therapeutic Trip of Melatonin Eye Drops: From the Ocular Surface to the Retina. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:441. [PMID: 38675402 PMCID: PMC11054783 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule found in living organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants and mammals. It possesses various properties, partly due to its robust antioxidant nature and partly owed to its specific interaction with melatonin receptors present in almost all tissues. Melatonin regulates different physiological functions and contributes to the homeostasis of the entire organism. In the human eye, a small amount of melatonin is also present, produced by cells in the anterior segment and the posterior pole, including the retina. In the eye, melatonin may provide antioxidant protection along with regulating physiological functions of ocular tissues, including intraocular pressure (IOP). Therefore, it is conceivable that the exogenous topical administration of sufficiently high amounts of melatonin to the eye could be beneficial in several instances: for the treatment of eye pathologies like glaucoma, due to the IOP-lowering and neuroprotection effects of melatonin; for the prevention of other dysfunctions, such as dry eye and refractive defects (cataract and myopia) mainly due to its antioxidant properties; for diabetic retinopathy due to its metabolic influence and neuroprotective effects; for macular degeneration due to the antioxidant and neuroprotective properties; and for uveitis, mostly owing to anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This paper reviews the scientific evidence supporting the use of melatonin in different ocular districts. Moreover, it provides data suggesting that the topical administration of melatonin as eye drops is a real possibility, utilizing nanotechnological formulations that could improve its solubility and permeation through the eye. This way, its distribution and concentration in different ocular tissues may support its pleiotropic therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Rusciano
- Fidia Research Centre, c/o University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Crump C, Sundquist J, Sieh W, Sundquist K. Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias in Persons with Glaucoma: A National Cohort Study. Ophthalmology 2024; 131:302-309. [PMID: 37839560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies that potentially may be associated with other cerebral neurodegenerative processes leading to dementia. However, prior studies have been inconsistent. We examined dementia risks after glaucoma diagnosis in a large population-based cohort. DESIGN National matched cohort study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 324 730 persons diagnosed with glaucoma during 1995-2017 in Sweden and 3 247 300 age- and sex-matched population-based controls without prior dementia. METHODS Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and all-cause dementia in persons with glaucoma compared with controls, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Alzheimer's disease, VaD, and all-cause dementia identified from nationwide inpatient and outpatient diagnoses through 2018. RESULTS In 16 million person-years of follow-up, 32 339 persons (10%) with glaucoma and 226 896 controls (7%) were diagnosed with dementia. Persons with glaucoma had increased risks for AD (adjusted HR, 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-1.43), VaD (1.66; 1.61-1.72), and all-cause dementia (1.57; 1.54-1.59). Among glaucoma subtypes, both primary open-angle and normal-tension glaucoma were associated with increased risk for AD (adjusted HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.27-1.36; and 1.28; 1.20-1.36, respectively) and VaD (1.61; 1.54-1.68; and 1.39; 1.28-1.50, respectively), whereas primary angle-closure glaucoma was associated with VaD (1.26; 1.02-1.56) but not AD (0.98; 0.82-1.18). These findings were similar in men and women. All risks were highest in persons diagnosed with glaucoma at ages ≥ 70 years and were not elevated for ages < 60 years. CONCLUSIONS In this large national cohort, persons with glaucoma had increased risks for AD, VaD, and all-cause dementia, particularly those diagnosed with glaucoma at older ages. Persons with glaucoma may need increased monitoring for dementia to facilitate earlier detection and treatment. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Crump
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine and of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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12
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Meliante LA, Piccotti G, Tanga L, Giammaria S, Manni G, Coco G. Glaucoma, Pseudoexfoliation and Hearing Loss: A Systematic Literature Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1379. [PMID: 38592217 PMCID: PMC10931971 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the relationship between glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation and hearing loss (HL). Methods: A systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane databases from 1995 up to 28 August 2023. Results: Thirty studies out of the 520 records screened met the inclusion criteria and were included. Most articles (n = 20) analysed the association between pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) and HL, showing XFS patients to have higher prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) at both speech frequencies (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz), and higher frequencies (4 and 8 kHz) compared to controls in most cases. No significant differences in prevalence or level of HL between XFS and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (XFG) were detected in most studies. Eight articles analysed the relationship between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and HL. Overall, a positive association between the two conditions was highlighted across all studies except for two cases. Similarly, articles focusing on NTG and HL (n = 4) showed a positive association in most cases. The role of autoimmunity and, in particular, the presence of antiphosphatidylserine antibodies (APSA) in patients with NTG and HL suggested an underlying autoimmune or vascular mechanism contributing to their pathogenesis. Only one study analysed the relationship between angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) and HL, showing higher incidence of ACG in patients with SNHL compared to normal hearing controls. Conclusions: Most studies detected an association between XFS and HL as well as POAG/NTG/ACG and HL, suggesting the presence of a similar pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. However, given the strength of the association of XFS with HL, it remains unclear whether the presence of XFG is further associated with SNHL. Further research specifically targeted to assess the correlation between glaucoma, XFS and HL is warranted to provide a more comprehensive understanding of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Antonia Meliante
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.M.); (G.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Piccotti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.M.); (G.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Lucia Tanga
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Sara Giammaria
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Gianluca Manni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.M.); (G.P.); (G.C.)
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Giulia Coco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.A.M.); (G.P.); (G.C.)
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13
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Bagul US, Nazirkar MV, Mane AK, Khot SV, Tagalpallewar AA, Kokare CR. Fabrication of architectonic nanosponges for intraocular delivery of Brinzolamide: An insight into QbD driven optimization, in vitro characterization, and pharmacodynamics. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123746. [PMID: 38145779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The intricate structure of the eye poses difficulties in drug targeting, which can be surmounted with the help of nanoformulation strategies. With this view, brinzolamide nanosponges (BNS) were prepared using the emulsion solvent evaporation technique and optimized via Box-Behnken statistical design. The optimized BNS were further incorporated into a poloxamer 407 in situ gel (BNS-ISG) and evaluated. The optimized BNS showed spherical morphology, entrapment efficiency of 83.12 ± 1.2 % with particle size of 114 ± 2.32 nm and PDI of 0.11 ± 0.01. The optimized BNS-ISG exhibited a pseudoplastic behavior and depicted a gelling temperature and gelation time of 35 ± 0.5 °C and 10 ± 2 s respectively. In-vitro release and ex- vivo permeation studies of BNS-ISG demonstrated a sustained release pattern as compared to Brinzox®. Additionally, the HET-CAM and in vitro cytotoxicity studies (using SIRC cell line) ensured that the formulation was non-irritant and nontoxic for ophthalmic delivery. The in vivo pharmacodynamic study using rabbit model depicted that BNS-ISG treatment significantly lowers the intra ocular pressure for prolonged period of time when compared with Brinzox®. In conclusion, the BNS-ISG is an efficient and scalable drug delivery system with significant potential as the targeted therapy of posterior segment eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddhav S Bagul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule University Pune), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Mayuri V Nazirkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule University Pune), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajay K Mane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule University Pune), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubham V Khot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule University Pune), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol A Tagalpallewar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, School of Health Science and Technology, Kothrud, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chandrakant R Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule University Pune), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Zueva MV, Neroeva NV, Zhuravleva AN, Bogolepova AN, Kotelin VV, Fadeev DV, Tsapenko IV. Fractal Phototherapy in Maximizing Retina and Brain Plasticity. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 36:585-637. [PMID: 38468055 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The neuroplasticity potential is reduced with aging and impairs during neurodegenerative diseases and brain and visual system injuries. This limits the brain's capacity to repair the structure and dynamics of its activity after lesions. Maximization of neuroplasticity is necessary to provide the maximal CNS response to therapeutic intervention and adaptive reorganization of neuronal networks in patients with degenerative pathology and traumatic injury to restore the functional activity of the brain and retina.Considering the fractal geometry and dynamics of the healthy brain and the loss of fractality in neurodegenerative pathology, we suggest that the application of self-similar visual signals with a fractal temporal structure in the stimulation therapy can reactivate the adaptive neuroplasticity and enhance the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation. This proposition was tested in the recent studies. Patients with glaucoma had a statistically significant positive effect of fractal photic therapy on light sensitivity and the perimetric MD index, which shows that methods of fractal stimulation can be a novel nonpharmacological approach to neuroprotective therapy and neurorehabilitation. In healthy rabbits, it was demonstrated that a long-term course of photostimulation with fractal signals does not harm the electroretinogram (ERG) and retina structure. Rabbits with modeled retinal atrophy showed better dynamics of the ERG restoration during daily stimulation therapy for a week in comparison with the controls. Positive changes in the retinal function can indirectly suggest the activation of its adaptive plasticity and the high potential of stimulation therapy with fractal visual stimuli in a nonpharmacological neurorehabilitation, which requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Zueva
- Department of Clinical Physiology of Vision, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Neroeva
- Department of Pathology of the Retina and Optic Nerve, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia N Zhuravleva
- Department of Glaucoma, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna N Bogolepova
- Department of neurology, neurosurgery and medical genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav V Kotelin
- Department of Clinical Physiology of Vision, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V Fadeev
- Scientific Experimental Center Department, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Tsapenko
- Department of Clinical Physiology of Vision, Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Boccaccini A, Cavaterra D, Carnevale C, Tanga L, Marini S, Bocedi A, Lacal PM, Manni G, Graziani G, Sbardella D, Tundo GR. Novel frontiers in neuroprotective therapies in glaucoma: Molecular and clinical aspects. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101225. [PMID: 38000334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, neuroprotective therapies have attracted the researcher interests as modern and challenging approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, aimed at protecting the nervous system from injuries. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive excavation of the optic nerve head, retinal axonal injury and corresponding vision loss that affects millions of people on a global scale. The molecular basis of the pathology is largely uncharacterized yet, and the therapeutic approaches available do not change the natural course of the disease. Therefore, in accordance with the therapeutic regimens proposed for other neurodegenerative diseases, a modern strategy to treat glaucoma includes prescription of drugs with neuroprotective activities. With respect to this, several preclinical and clinical investigations on a plethora of different drugs are currently ongoing. In this review, first, the conceptualization of the rationale for the adoption of neuroprotective strategies for retina is summarized. Second, the molecular aspects highlighting glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease are reported. In conclusion, the molecular and pharmacological properties of most promising direct neuroprotective drugs used to delay glaucoma progression are examined, including: neurotrophic factors, NMDA receptor antagonists, the α2-adrenergic agonist, brimonidine, calcium channel blockers, antioxidant agents, nicotinamide and statins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dario Cavaterra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessio Bocedi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Manni
- IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Raffaella Tundo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy.
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16
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Karnam S, Maurya S, Ng E, Choudhary A, Thobani A, Flanagan JG, Gronert K. Dysregulation of Neuroprotective Lipoxin Pathway in Astrocytes in Response to Cytokines and Ocular Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.22.546157. [PMID: 37425861 PMCID: PMC10327029 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.22.546157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma leads to vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell death. Astrocyte reactivity contributes to neurodegeneration. Our recent study found that lipoxin B4 (LXB4), produced by retinal astrocytes, has direct neuroprotective actions on retinal ganglion cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the autacoid LXB4 influences astrocyte activity in the retina under inflammatory cytokine-induced activation and during ocular hypertension. The protective activity of LXB4 was investigated in vivo using the mouse silicone-oil model of chronic ocular hypertension (n=40). By employing a range of analytical techniques, including bulk RNA-seq, RNAscope in-situ hybridization, qPCR, and lipidomic analyses, we discovered the formation of lipoxins and expression of the lipoxin pathway in rodents (including the retina and optic nerve), primates (optic nerve), and human brain astrocytes, indicating the presence of this neuroprotective pathway across various species. Findings in the mouse retina identified significant dysregulation of the lipoxin pathway in response to chronic ocular hypertension, leading to an increase in 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity and a decrease in 15-LOX activity. This dysregulation was coincident with a marked upregulation of astrocyte reactivity. Reactive human brain astrocytes also showed a significant increase in 5-LOX. Treatment with LXB4 amplified the lipoxin biosynthetic pathway by restoring and amplifying the generation of another member of the lipoxin family, LXA4, and mitigated astrocyte reactivity in mouse retinas and human brain astrocytes. In conclusion, the lipoxin pathway is functionally expressed in rodents, primates, and human astrocytes, and is a resident neuroprotective pathway that is downregulated in reactive astrocytes. Novel cellular targets for LXB4's neuroprotective action are inhibition of astrocyte reactivity and restoration of lipoxin generation. Amplifying the lipoxin pathway is a potential target to disrupt or prevent astrocyte reactivity in neurodegenerative diseases, including retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Karnam
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Shubham Maurya
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | | | - Amodini Choudhary
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Arzin Thobani
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - John G Flanagan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
- Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of California Berkeley, CA, United States
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17
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Kang JM, Jammal AA, Medeiros FA. Association between statin use and rates of structural and functional loss in glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1269-1274. [PMID: 35537803 PMCID: PMC10287059 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-320734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To evaluate the association between statin use and rates of standard automated perimetry (SAP) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) change in patients with glaucoma and glaucoma suspects. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included subjects from the Duke Glaucoma Registry with primary open-angle glaucoma and glaucoma suspects. Subjects were assigned to groups according to history of statin use. Rates of change in SAP mean deviation (MD) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) RNFL thickness over time were estimated using linear mixed models and compared in the statin versus control groups. The effect of duration of statin use was also assessed. Patients with glaucoma versus suspects were analysed separately. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounding factors of age, gender, race, intraocular pressure and follow-up time. RESULTS The study included 10 049 SAP tests and 14 198 SD OCT tests from 3007 eyes (1978 patients) followed for an average of 4.7±2.0 years. Of these, 775 subjects (1179 eyes) had a history of statin use. No difference in rates of change was seen between the statin versus control groups for MD (-0.07±0.16 dB/year vs -0.07±0.15 dB/year; p=0.873, respectively) or RNFL thickness (-0.70±0.60 µm/year vs -0.70±0.61 µm/year; p=0.923, respectively). Multivariable models controlling for potential confounders showed no significant association between duration of statin use and rates of MD or RNFL thickness change. CONCLUSIONS We did not find a statistically significant association between statin use or duration of statin use and rates of structural and functional change in those with glaucoma or glaucoma suspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Minjy Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Felipe A Medeiros
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Gowtham L, Halder N, Angmo D, Singh SB, Jayasundar R, Dada T, Velpandian T. Untargeted metabolomics in the aqueous humor reveals the involvement of TAAR pathway in glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2023; 234:109592. [PMID: 37474016 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the metabolic dysfunctions and underlying complex pathological mechanisms of neurodegeneration in glaucoma could help discover disease pathways, identify novel biomarkers, and rationalize newer therapeutics. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the local metabolomic alterations in the aqueous humor and plasma of primary glaucomatous patients. This study cohort comprised primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and cataract control groups. Aqueous humor and plasma samples were collected from patients undergoing trabeculectomy or cataract surgery and subjected to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis. Spectral information was processed, and the acquired data were subjected to uni-variate as well as multi-variate statistical analyses using MetaboAnalyst ver5.0. To further understand the localized metabolic abnormalities in glaucoma, metabolites affected in aqueous humor were distinguished from metabolites altered in plasma in this study. Nine and twelve metabolites were found to be significantly altered (p < 0.05, variable importance of projection >1 and log2 fold change ≥0.58/≤ -0.58) in the aqueous humor of PACG and POAG patients, respectively. The galactose and amino acid metabolic pathways were locally affected in the PACG and POAG groups, respectively. Based on the observation of the previous findings, gene expression profiles of trace amine-associated receptor-1 (TAAR-1) were studied in rat ocular tissues. The pharmacodynamics of TAAR-1 were explored in rabbits using topical administration of its agonist, β-phenyl-ethylamine (β-PEA). TAAR-1 was expressed in the rat's iris-ciliary body, optic nerve, lens, and cornea. β-PEA elicited a mydriatic response in rabbit eyes, without altering intraocular pressure. Targeted analysis of β-PEA levels in the aqueous humor of POAG patients showed an insignificant elevation. This study provides new insights regarding alterations in both localized and systemic metabolites in primary glaucomatous patients. This study also demonstrated the propensity of β-PEA to cause an adrenergic response through the TAAR-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshminarayanan Gowtham
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nabanita Halder
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dewang Angmo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rama Jayasundar
- Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanuj Dada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy Division, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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19
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Shin HJ, Oh SE, Park CK, Park HYL. Importance of Pattern Standard Deviation of Humphrey 10-2 Visual Field to Evaluate Central Visual Function in Patients with Early-Stage Glaucoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5091. [PMID: 37568492 PMCID: PMC10419394 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore various parameters that can evaluate the central visual impairment in patients with early-stage glaucoma, we included patients into a study with central visual impairments with an MD value greater than -6.0 dB on the 24-2 VF test. A possible association between structural parameters acquired by OCT and functional parameters of VF and PERG was determined. A total of 70 eyes of patients with suspected glaucoma or NTG underwent VF, OCT, and PERG examinations. The patients were classified into two groups according to the MD of the 24-2 VF test. We used Pearson correlation analysis to evaluate the relationships between GCIPL thickness/RNFL thickness and visual functional parameters, such as PERG and perimetry. Linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the significant factors affecting the PSD of VF 10-2. In the low MD group, the P50 amplitude presented significant correlations (r = 0.346, p = 0.048) with GCIPL thickness. In the correlation analysis of the high MD group, it was found that only the PSD of 10-2 uniquely presented borderline significant correlations with GCIPL thickness (r = -0.327, p = 0.055), and no other functional parameter showed significant correlation. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that GCIPL thickness was significantly associated with a PSD of 10-2 VF (p < 0.001 and 0.013, respectively). Among various parameters, the P50 amplitude and 10-2 PSD demonstrated statistically borderline significant structure-function relationships with GCIPL thickness in early-stage glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hae-Young Lopilly Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (H.J.S.); (S.E.O.); (C.K.P.)
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20
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Engin KN, Harmancı Karagülle D, Durmaz Engin C, Kant M, Yaman A, Akış M, Özel Yıldız S, İşlekel H, Güner Akdoğan G, Söylev Bajin M. Is the clinical course of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy associated with oxidative damage and the dynamics of the antioxidant response? Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:2935-2945. [PMID: 37029212 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress is known to be a decisive factor in the wide etiopathogenesis of optic neuropathy. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the interaction of optic neuropathy's clinical course with systemic oxidative damage and antioxidant response dynamics in a large series. METHODS This case-controlled clinical study included 33 non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) patients and 32 healthy individuals. Extensive systemic oxidation profiles were statistically compared between the two groups, and correlations between the clinical and biochemical data in the study group were analyzed. RESULTS Vitamin E and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher in the study group. Significant correlations were observed in the analyses between clinical findings and oxidative stress parameters. Correlations between vitamin E and intraocular pressure (IOP), between B12 and cup-to-disk ratio (c/d), between antioxidant glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme systems, and between uric acid (UA) and age were found to be very significant. As significant correlations were found in either clinical and biochemical data or in oxidative stress parameters, correlations between vitamin E and cholesterol, MDA were found to be very significant. CONCLUSIONS This study not only supplies significant information regarding oxidative damage and antioxidant response in NAION, but also points out the specific interactions of neuromodulators, like vitamin E, in intracellular signaling pathways and regulation mechanisms. A better reading of these connections may help improve diagnosis, follow-ups and treatment criteria and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaya Nusret Engin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ümraniyemraniye Education and Research Hospital, Sağlık University, Elmalıkent Mh. Ümraniye, 34764, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Harmancı Karagülle
- Graduate School of Health Science, Department of Molecular Genetics, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ceren Durmaz Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melis Kant
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aylin Yaman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Akış
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevda Özel Yıldız
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüray İşlekel
- Graduate School of Health Science, Department of Molecular Genetics, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gül Güner Akdoğan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meltem Söylev Bajin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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21
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Chan ASY, Tun SBB, Lynn MN, Ho C, Tun TA, Girard MJA, Sultana R, Barathi VA, Aung T, Aihara M. Intravitreal Neuroglobin Mitigates Primate Experimental Glaucomatous Structural Damage in Association with Reduced Optic Nerve Microglial and Complement 3-Astrocyte Activation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:961. [PMID: 37371541 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current management of glaucomatous optic neuropathy is limited to intraocular pressure control. Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an endogenous neuroprotectant expressed in neurons and astrocytes. We recently showed that exogenous intravitreal Ngb reduced inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation in a rodent model of hypoxia. We thus hypothesised that IVT-Ngb may also be neuroprotective in experimental glaucoma (EG) by mitigating optic nerve (ON) astrogliosis and microgliosis as well as structural damage. In this study using a microbead-induced model of EG in six Cynomolgus primates, optical coherence imaging showed that Ngb-treated EG eyes had significantly less thinning of the peripapillary minimum rim width, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, and ON head cupping than untreated EG eyes. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that ON astrocytes overexpressed Ngb following Ngb treatment. A reduction in complement 3 and cleaved-caspase 3 activated microglia and astrocytes was also noted. Our findings in higher-order primates recapitulate the effects of neuroprotection by Ngb treatment in rodent EG studies and suggest that Ngb may be a potential candidate for glaucoma neuroprotection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S Y Chan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sai B B Tun
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Myoe N Lynn
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Candice Ho
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Tin A Tun
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Michaël J A Girard
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Ophthalmic Engineering & Innovation Laboratory (OEIL), Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | | | - Veluchamy A Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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22
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Issashar Leibovitzh G, Trope GE, Kherani IN, Buys YM, Tarita-Nistor L. Atypical responses to faces during binocular rivalry in early glaucoma. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1151278. [PMID: 37304026 PMCID: PMC10248174 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1151278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy that damages retinal ganglion cells and a neurodegenerative disease as it affects neural structures throughout the brain. In this study, we examined binocular rivalry responses in patients with early glaucoma in order to probe the function of stimulus-specific cortical areas involved in face perception. Methods Participants included 14 individuals (10 females, mean age 65 ± 7 years) with early pre-perimetric glaucoma and 14 age-matched healthy controls (7 females, mean age 59 ± 11 years). The 2 groups were equivalent in visual acuity and stereo-acuity. Three binocular rivalry stimulus pairs were used: (1) real face/house, (2) synthetic face/noise patch, and (3) synthetic face/spiral. For each stimulus pair, the images were matched in size and contrast level; they were viewed dichotically, and presented centrally and eccentrically at 3 degrees in the right (RH) and in the left hemifield (LH), respectively. The outcome measures were rivalry rate (i.e., perceptual switches/min) and time of exclusive dominance of each stimulus. Results For the face/house stimulus pair, rivalry rate of the glaucoma group (11 ± 6 switches/min) was significantly lower than that of the control group (15 ± 5 switches/min), but only in the LH location. The face dominated longer than the house in the LH for both groups. Likewise, for the synthetic face/noise patch stimulus pair, rivalry rate of the glaucoma group (11 ± 6 switches/min) was lower than that of the control group (16 ± 7 switches/min) in the LH, but the difference failed to reach significance. Interestingly, the mixed percept dominated less in glaucoma than in the control group. For the synthetic face/spiral stimulus pair, the glaucoma group had lower rivalry rate at all 3 stimulus locations. Conclusion This study reveals atypical responses to faces during binocular rivalry in patients with early glaucoma. The results may be suggestive of early neurodegeneration affecting stimulus-specific neural structures involved in face processing starting in the pre-perimetric phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia Issashar Leibovitzh
- Krembil Research Institute, Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Graham E. Trope
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Irfan N. Kherani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yvonne M. Buys
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luminita Tarita-Nistor
- Krembil Research Institute, Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Miao Y, Zhao GL, Cheng S, Wang Z, Yang XL. Activation of retinal glial cells contributes to the degeneration of ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 93:101169. [PMID: 36736070 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration in glaucoma. Glial cells, which play an important role in normal functioning of retinal neurons, are well involved into retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in experimental glaucoma animal models generated by elevated IOP. In response to elevated IOP, mGluR I is first activated and Kir4.1 channels are subsequently inhibited, which leads to the activation of Müller cells. Müller cell activation is followed by a complex process, including proliferation, release of inflammatory and growth factors (gliosis). Gliosis is further regulated by several factors. Activated Müller cells contribute to RGC degeneration through generating glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity, releasing cytotoxic factors and inducing microglia activation. Elevated IOP activates microglia, and following morphological and functional changes, these cells, as resident immune cells in the retina, show adaptive immune responses, including an enhanced release of pro-inflammatory factors (tumor neurosis factor-α, interleukins, etc.). These ATP and Toll-like receptor-mediated responses are further regulated by heat shock proteins, CD200R, chemokine receptors, and metabotropic purinergic receptors, may aggravate RGC loss. In the optic nerve head, astrogliosis is initiated and regulated by a complex reaction process, including purines, transmitters, chemokines, growth factors and cytokines, which contributes to RGC axon injury through releasing pro-inflammatory factors and changing extracellular matrix in glaucoma. The effects of activated glial cells on RGCs are further modified by the interplay among different types of glial cells. This review is concluded by presenting an in-depth discussion of possible research directions in this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guo-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiong-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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24
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Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c: Potential Therapeutic Candidate in Retinal Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020518. [PMID: 36830076 PMCID: PMC9952431 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA type-c (MOTS-c) is the most unearthed peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). It is an important regulator of the nuclear genome during times of stress because it promotes an adaptive stress response to maintain cellular homeostasis. Identifying MOTS-c specific binding partners may aid in deciphering the complex web of mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded signals. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction have been linked to aging and the accelerated cell death associated with many types of retinal degenerations. Furthermore, research on MOTS-c ability to revive oxidatively stressed RPE cells has revealed a significant protective role for the molecule. Evidence suggests that senescent cells play a role in the development of age-related retinal disorders. This review examines the links between MOTS-c, mitochondria, and age-related diseases of the retina. Moreover, the untapped potential of MOTS-c as a treatment for glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration is reviewed.
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25
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Shu Y, Huang Y, Chen J, Chen L, Cai G, Guo Y, Li S, Gao J, Zeng X. Effects of primary angle-closure glaucoma on interhemispheric functional connectivity. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1053114. [PMID: 36845423 PMCID: PMC9947534 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1053114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies on primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) primarily focused on local brain regions or global abnormal brain activity; however, the alteration of interhemispheric functional homotopy and its possible cause of brain-wide functional connectivity abnormalities have not been well-studied. Little is known about whether brain functional alteration could be used to differentiate from healthy controls (HCs) and its correlation with neurocognitive impairment. Methods Forty patients with PACG and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited for this study; resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), and clinical data were collected. We used the voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) method to explore between-group differences and selected brain regions with statistically significant differences as regions of interest for whole-brain functional connectivity analysis. Partial correlation was used to evaluate the association between abnormal VMHC values in significantly different regions and clinical parameters, with with age and sex as covariates. Finally, the support vector machine (SVM) model was performed in classification prediction of PACG. Results Compared with healthy controls, patients with PACG exhibited significantly decreased VMHC values in the lingual gyrus, insula, cuneus, and pre- and post-central gyri; no regions exhibited increased VMHC values. Subsequent functional connectivity analysis revealed extensive functional changes in functional networks, particularly the default mode, salience, visual, and sensorimotor networks. The SVM model showed good performance in classification prediction of PACG, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.85. Conclusion Altered functional homotopy of the visual cortex, sensorimotor network, and insula may lead to impairment of visual function in PACG, suggesting that patients with PACG may have visual information interaction and integration dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Shu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuying Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingting Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liting Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqian Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shenghong Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junwei Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianjun Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Xianjun Zeng, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-1568
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Mullany S, Diaz-Torres S, Schmidt JM, Thomson D, Qassim A, Marshall HN, Knight LS, Berry EC, Kolovos A, Dimasi D, Lake S, Mills RA, Landers J, Mitchell P, Healey PR, Commerford T, Klebe S, Souzeau E, Hassall MM, MacGregor S, Gharahkhani P, Siggs OM, Craig JE. No Strong Association Between the Apolipoprotein E E4 Allele and Glaucoma: a Multicohort Study. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2023; 3:100287. [PMID: 37007646 PMCID: PMC10064233 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate a potential association between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 allele and glaucoma prevalence in large cohorts. Design A cross-sectional analysis of baseline and prospectively collected cohort data. Participants UK Biobank (UKBB) participants of genetically determined European ancestry (n = 438 711). Replication analyses were performed using clinical and genotyping data collected from European participants recruited to the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (CLSA; n = 18 199), the Australian and New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma (ANZRAG; n = 1970), and the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES; n = 2440). Methods Apolipoprotein E alleles and genotypes were determined, and their distributions were compared on the basis of glaucoma status. Similar analyses were performed using positive control outcomes associated with the APOE E4 allele (death, dementia, age-related macular degeneration) and negative control outcomes not associated with the APOE E4 allele (cataract, diabetic eye disease). Outcome phenotypes were also correlated with Alzheimer's dementia (AD), a clinical outcome highly associated with the APOE E4 allele. Main Outcome Measures Results of APOE E4 genotype-phenotype comparisons were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Replication analyses investigated APOE E4 associations in 2 replication cohorts (CLSA and ANZRAG/BMES). Results The APOE E4 allele was inversely associated with glaucoma (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; P = 0.016) and both negative controls (cataract: OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99; P = 0.015; diabetic eye disease: OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87-0.97; P = 0.003) in the UKBB cohort. A paradoxical positive association was observed between AD and both glaucoma (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.08-1.54; P < 0.01) and cataract (OR, 1.15; 1.04-1.28; P = 0.018). No association between the APOE E4 allele and glaucoma was observed in either replication cohort (CLSA: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.89-1.19; P = 0.66; ANZRAG/BMES: OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.84-1.12; P = 0.65). Conclusions A small negative association observed between APOE E4 and glaucoma within the UKBB was not evident in either replication cohort and may represent an artifact of glaucoma underdiagnosis in APOE E4 carriers. Financial Disclosures The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Mullany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
- Correspondence: Sean Mullany, Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042.
| | - Santiago Diaz-Torres
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua M. Schmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Daniel Thomson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Ayub Qassim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Henry N. Marshall
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Lachlan S.W. Knight
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Ella C. Berry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Antonia Kolovos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - David Dimasi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Stewart Lake
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Richard A. Mills
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - John Landers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul R. Healey
- Centre for Vision Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Toby Commerford
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Pathology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Mark M. Hassall
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Puya Gharahkhani
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Owen M. Siggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
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Seyed Hosseini Fin N, Georgevsky D, Sukkar MB, Golzan SM. RAGE and its ligand amyloid beta promote retinal ganglion cell loss following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1156084. [PMID: 37124398 PMCID: PMC10130520 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1156084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with age. Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aß) proteins in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and subsequent retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss is an established pathological hallmark of the disease. The mechanism through which Aß provokes RGC loss remains unclear. The receptor for the advanced glycation end product (RAGE), and its ligand Aß, have been shown to mediate neuronal loss via internalizing Aß within the neurons. In this study, we investigated whether the RAGE-Aß axis plays a role in RGC loss in experimental glaucoma. Methods Retinal ischemia was induced by an acute elevation of intraocular pressure in RAGE-/- and wild-type (WT) control mice. In a subset of animals, oligomeric Aß was injected directly into the vitreous of both strains. RGC loss was assessed using histology and biochemical assays. Baseline and terminal positive scotopic threshold (pSTR) were also recorded. Results Retinal ischemia resulted in 1.9-fold higher RGC loss in WT mice compared to RAGE-/- mice (36 ± 3% p < 0.0001 vs. 19 ± 2%, p = 0.004). Intravitreal injection of oligomeric Aß resulted in 2.3-fold greater RGC loss in WT mice compared to RAGE-/- mice, 7-days post-injection (55 ± 4% p = 0.008 vs. 24 ± 2%, p = 0.02). We also found a significant decline in the positive scotopic threshold response (pSTR) amplitude of WT mice compared to RAGE-/- (36 ± 3% vs. 16 ± 6%). Discussion RAGE-/- mice are protected against RGC loss following retinal ischemia. Intravitreal injection of oligomeric Aß accelerated RGC loss in WT mice but not RAGE-/-. A co-localization of RAGE and Aß, suggests that RAGE-Aß binding may contribute to RGC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Seyed Hosseini Fin
- Vision Science Group, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dana Georgevsky
- Vision Science Group, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria B. Sukkar
- Pharmacy Discipline, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S. Mojtaba Golzan
- Vision Science Group, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: S. Mojtaba Golzan,
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Li M, Gao ZL, Zhang QP, Luo AX, Xu WY, Duan TQ, Wen XP, Zhang RQ, Zeng R, Huang JF. Autophagy in glaucoma pathogenesis: Therapeutic potential and future perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1068213. [PMID: 36589756 PMCID: PMC9795220 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1068213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common blinding eye disease characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, progressive loss of visual field, and optic nerve atrophy. Autophagy plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma and is closely related to its pathogenesis. Targeting autophagy and blocking the apoptosis of RGCs provides emerging guidance for the treatment of glaucoma. Here, we provide a systematic review of the mechanisms and targets of interventions related to autophagy in glaucoma and discuss the outlook of emerging ideas, techniques, and multidisciplinary combinations to provide a new basis for further research and the prevention of glaucomatous visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Lin Gao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China,Anatomy Laboratory, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ai-Xiang Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Ye Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian-Qi Duan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu-Peng Wen
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ru-Qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ru Zeng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ju-Fang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Ju-Fang Huang,
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Emerging Potential of the Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Inhibitor Ibudilast for Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Update on Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238448. [PMID: 36500540 PMCID: PMC9737612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases constitute a broad range of central nervous system disorders, characterized by neuronal degeneration. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyolotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) are some of the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their diversity, these diseases share some common pathophysiological mechanisms: the abnormal aggregation of disease-related misfolded proteins, autophagosome-lysosome pathway dysregulation, impaired ubiquitin-proteasome system, oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive neuroinflammation. There is still no effective drug that could halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and the current treatments are mainly symptomatic. In this regard, the development of novel multi-target pharmaceutical approaches presents an attractive therapeutic strategy. Ibudilast, an anti-inflammatory drug firstly developed as an asthma treatment, is a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) inhibitor, which mainly acts by increasing the amount of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), while downregulating the pro-inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). The preclinical evidence shows that ibudilast may act neuroprotectively in neurodegenerative diseases, by suppressing neuroinflammation, inhibiting apoptosis, regulating the mitochondrial function and by affecting the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagosome-lysosome pathways, as well as by attenuating oxidative stress. The clinical trials in ALS and progressive MS also show some promising results. Herein, we aim to provide an update on the emerging preclinical and clinical evidence on the therapeutic potential of ibudilast in these disorders, discuss the potential challenges and suggest the future directions.
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30
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Association between Serum Potassium with Risk of Onset and Visual Field Progression in Patients with Primary Angle Close Glaucoma: A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Cohort Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2275171. [PMID: 35783194 PMCID: PMC9246612 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2275171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that ion metabolism may be associated with oxidative stress in the ocular tissue in glaucoma patients. This study is aimed at determining whether serum ion levels are associated with the onset and/or visual field (VF) progression of PACG. A total of 265 PACG and 166 healthy subjects were included in the cross-sectional study. Meanwhile, 265 subjects with PACG were followed up every six months for at least two years in the cohort study. All subjects were evaluated for serum concentrations of ions (calcium, phosphorus, potassium (K+), sodium, and chlorine) and underwent VF examination. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk factors for PACG. Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed to identify factors associated with VF progression in PACG subjects. In the cross-sectional study, the K+ level (4.31 ± 0.39 mmol/L) was significantly higher in the PACG group than in the normal group (4.16 ± 0.35 mmol/L, P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression showed that the increased K+ level was a risk factor of PACG (OR = 2.94, 95%CI = 1.63–5.32, P < 0.001). In the cohort study, there were 105 PACG subjects with progression and 160 PACG subjects without progression. The progression group had significantly higher baseline serum K+ levels (4.41 ± 0.37 mmol/L) than the no progression group (4.25 ± 0.39 mmol/L) (P = 0.002). The increased level of K+ at baseline was associated with faster VF progression (HR = 2.07, 95%CI = 1.23–3.46, P = 0.006). PACG subjects with higher baseline K+ levels had significantly lower VF nonprogression rates (51.94%) than subjects with lower K+ levels (68.38%, log-rank test P = 0.01). This study found that increased serum K+ level is a risk factor of PACG and is associated with faster VF progression in PACG, which might result from its influence on the oxidative stress process.
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Multi-Target Effects of ß-Caryophyllene and Carnosic Acid at the Crossroads of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration: From Oxidative Stress to Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061199. [PMID: 35740096 PMCID: PMC9220155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are interlinked and interdependent processes involved in many chronic diseases, including neurodegeneration, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Therefore, targeting inflammatory pathways may represent a potential therapeutic strategy. Emerging evidence indicates that many phytochemicals extracted from edible plants have the potential to ameliorate the disease phenotypes. In this scenario, ß-caryophyllene (BCP), a bicyclic sesquiterpene, and carnosic acid (CA), an ortho-diphenolic diterpene, were demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, as well as neuroprotective and mitoprotective effects in different in vitro and in vivo models. BCP essentially promotes its effects by acting as a selective agonist and allosteric modulator of cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R). CA is a pro-electrophilic compound that, in response to oxidation, is converted to its electrophilic form. This can interact and activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE transcription pathway, triggering the synthesis of endogenous antioxidant “phase 2” enzymes. However, given the nature of its chemical structure, CA also exhibits direct antioxidant effects. BCP and CA can readily cross the BBB and accumulate in brain regions, giving rise to neuroprotective effects by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting activated microglia, substantially through the activation of pro-survival signalling pathways, including regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, and molecular mechanisms related to mitochondrial quality control. Findings from different in vitro/in vivo experimental models of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease reported the beneficial effects of both compounds, suggesting that their use in treatments may be a promising strategy in the management of neurodegenerative diseases aimed at maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and ameliorating glia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Bioinformatic Prioritization and Functional Annotation of GWAS-Based Candidate Genes for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061055. [PMID: 35741817 PMCID: PMC9222386 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most prevalent glaucoma subtype, but its exact etiology is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to prioritize the most likely ‘causal’ genes and identify functional characteristics and underlying biological pathways of POAG candidate genes. Methods: We used the results of a large POAG genome-wide association analysis study from GERA and UK Biobank cohorts. First, we performed systematic gene-prioritization analyses based on: (i) nearest genes; (ii) nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms; (iii) co-regulation analysis; (iv) transcriptome-wide association studies; and (v) epigenomic data. Next, we performed functional enrichment analyses to find overrepresented functional pathways and tissues. Results: We identified 142 prioritized genes, of which 64 were novel for POAG. BICC1, AFAP1, and ABCA1 were the most highly prioritized genes based on four or more lines of evidence. The most significant pathways were related to extracellular matrix turnover, transforming growth factor-β, blood vessel development, and retinoic acid receptor signaling. Ocular tissues such as sclera and trabecular meshwork showed enrichment in prioritized gene expression (>1.5 fold). We found pleiotropy of POAG with intraocular pressure and optic-disc parameters, as well as genetic correlation with hypertension and diabetes-related eye disease. Conclusions: Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma pathogenesis and have prioritized many novel candidate genes for functional follow-up studies.
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Wang Z, Wiggs JL, Aung T, Khawaja AP, Khor CC. The genetic basis for adult onset glaucoma: Recent advances and future directions. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 90:101066. [PMID: 35589495 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma, a diverse group of eye disorders that results in the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, is the world's leading cause of irreversible blindness. Apart from age and ancestry, the major risk factor for glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure (IOP). In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the anterior chamber angle is open but there is resistance to aqueous outflow. In primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), crowding of the anterior chamber angle due to anatomical alterations impede aqueous drainage through the angle. In exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma, deposition of white flaky material throughout the anterior chamber directly interfere with aqueous outflow. Observational studies have established that there is a strong hereditable component for glaucoma onset and progression. Indeed, a succession of genome wide association studies (GWAS) that were centered upon single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have yielded more than a hundred genetic markers associated with glaucoma risk. However, a shortcoming of GWAS studies is the difficulty in identifying the actual effector genes responsible for disease pathogenesis. Building on the foundation laid by GWAS studies, research groups have recently begun to perform whole exome-sequencing to evaluate the contribution of protein-changing, coding sequence genetic variants to glaucoma risk. The adoption of this technology in both large population-based studies as well as family studies are revealing the presence of novel, protein-changing genetic variants that could enrich our understanding of the pathogenesis of glaucoma. This review will cover recent advances in the genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma, primary angle-closure glaucoma and exfoliation glaucoma, which collectively make up the vast majority of all glaucoma cases in the world today. We will discuss how recent advances in research methodology have uncovered new risk genes, and how follow up biological investigations could be undertaken in order to define how the risk encoded by a genetic sequence variant comes into play in patients. We will also hypothesise how data arising from characterising these genetic variants could be utilized to predict glaucoma risk and the manner in which new therapeutic strategies might be informed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxun Wang
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
| | - Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tin Aung
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
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Rolle T, Rossi GCM, Brusini P. Editorial: Glaucoma and Brain: Impact of Neurodegeneration on Visual Abilities and Related Biomarkers. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:919775. [PMID: 35651529 PMCID: PMC9149604 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.919775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rolle
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- *Correspondence: Teresa Rolle
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Dikmetas O, Aygün O, Kocabeyoglu S, Süslü AE, Kilic B, Karakaya J, Iester M, Irkec M. Smell Sensitivity in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2022; 31:300-304. [PMID: 35180155 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PRCIS This cross-sectional study of 20 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 20 with exfoliative glaucoma (XFG), 20 with exfoliation syndrome (XS) showed that exfoliative group had a significantly lower smell identification level as compared with the control groups. PURPOSE To investigate smell sensitivity in POAG, XFG, and XFS in comparison with healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional study included 20 patients with POAG, 20 with XFG, and 20 with XFS. The control group consisted of 20 age-matched and sex-matched healthy subjects with no evidence of ocular disease. The Sniffin' Sticks smell test was used to determine the, threshold values, and to assess the ability of smell identification, and differentiation in all patients One eye per patient was included for statistical purposes. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences between the groups. Tukey honestly significant difference was used as a post hoc test when significant differences were detected among the 3 groups. RESULTS The XFG, POAG, and control groups showed a significant difference in the odor discrimination, odor identification, and threshold discrimination identification scores. The median (minimum-maximum) smell threshold levels for the POAG, XFG, and XFS groups and healthy controls were 4.5 (0 to 7.5), 4 (0 to 7.5), 5 (4.5 to 6), and 5.5 (4 to 7.5), respectively. The smell differentiation values for the POAG, XFG, and XFS groups and healthy controls were 12 (2 to 14), 8 (0 to 13), 11 (10 to 13), and 12 (9 to 14), respectively. Smell sensitivity for the POAG, XFG, and XFS groups and healthy controls were 26 (4 to 30.5), 19 (0 to 29.5), 28.3 (22.8 to 30.5), and 29 (26.5 to 32), respectively. The smell sensitivity and differentiation were significantly different among the groups (P<0.001). The XFG group had a significantly lower smell identification level than the POAG, XFS, and control groups. CONCLUSION Patients with XFS and XFG revealed reduced smell sensitivity and identification compared with patients with POAG and those without glaucoma. These findings provide new insights into neural degeneration and pseudoexfoliation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ahmet E Süslü
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Büsra Kilic
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jale Karakaya
- Biostatistics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine
| | - Michele Iester
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Liguria, Italy
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Zabel K, Zabel P, Suwala K, Gorczyca A, Jaworski D, Kaluzna M, Gebska-Toloczko M, Wnuk K, Buszko K, Kaluzny JJ. Alterations in Fixation Indices in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma by Microperimetry. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092368. [PMID: 35566493 PMCID: PMC9102428 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is associated with changes in fixation stability parameters assessed by microperimetry (MP) and whether the severity of glaucoma is related to a deterioration in these indicators. This study analyzed fixation stability using MP macular analyzer integrity assessment (MAIA) in patients with mild and moderate/severe POAG and healthy controls. The resulting fixation indices were correlated with parameters used to assess retinal function with MP and standard automated perimetry (SAP) and retinal structure with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). We enrolled 54 eyes in the POAG groups (32 eyes with mild POAG and 22 eyes with moderate/severe POAG) and 24 eyes in the healthy group. It was shown that fixation stability in POAG eyes deteriorated with increasing disease severity, and significant differences in bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) including 95% of fixation points were observed among groups (p = 0.042). Quantitative analysis of structural and functional retinal parameters also showed significant deterioration with the progression of glaucoma (p < 0.001). Correlations among fixation parameters and abnormalities in the retinal structure and function were confirmed. We concluded that POAG is associated with disturbances in the fixation pattern, which worsen as the disease progresses and can be effectively assessed by performing a MP test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zabel
- Department of Sensory Organ Studies, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.Z.); (K.S.); (A.G.); (M.G.-T.); (J.J.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Przemyslaw Zabel
- Department of Sensory Organ Studies, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.Z.); (K.S.); (A.G.); (M.G.-T.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Karolina Suwala
- Department of Sensory Organ Studies, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.Z.); (K.S.); (A.G.); (M.G.-T.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Gorczyca
- Department of Sensory Organ Studies, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.Z.); (K.S.); (A.G.); (M.G.-T.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Damian Jaworski
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (D.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Martyna Kaluzna
- Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (D.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Martyna Gebska-Toloczko
- Department of Sensory Organ Studies, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.Z.); (K.S.); (A.G.); (M.G.-T.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Kacper Wnuk
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Systems Theory, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Buszko
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Systems Theory, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Jakub J. Kaluzny
- Department of Sensory Organ Studies, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-830 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.Z.); (K.S.); (A.G.); (M.G.-T.); (J.J.K.)
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Ozgen S, Krigman J, Zhang R, Sun N. Significance of mitochondrial activity in neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:741-747. [PMID: 34472459 PMCID: PMC8530128 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.322429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a multidimensional role in the function and the vitality of the neurological system. From the generation of neural stem cells to the maintenance of neurons and their ultimate demise, mitochondria play a critical role in regulating our neural pathways' homeostasis, a task that is critical to our cognitive health and neurological well-being. Mitochondria provide energy via oxidative phosphorylation for the neurotransmission and generation of an action potential along the neuron's axon. This paper will first review and examine the molecular subtleties of the mitochondria's role in neurogenesis and neuron vitality, as well as outlining the impact of defective mitochondria in neural aging. The authors will then summarize neurodegenerative diseases related to either neurogenesis or homeostatic dysfunction. Because of the significant detriment neurodegenerative diseases have on the quality of life, it is essential to understand their etiology and ongoing molecular mechanics. The mitochondrial role in neurogenesis and neuron vitality is essential. Dissecting and understanding this organelle's role in the genesis and homeostasis of neurons should assist in finding pharmaceutical targets for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra Ozgen
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Medicine, Graduate Research in the Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Judith Krigman
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Graduate Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nuo Sun
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Abd B, Abed T. Ocular disorders and stem cell therapy: A review. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF BABYLON 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_12_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Shalaby WS, Ahmed OM, Waisbourd M, Katz LJ. A Review of Potential Novel Glaucoma Therapeutic Options Independent of Intraocular Pressure. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:1062-1080. [PMID: 34890600 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell degeneration and visual field loss, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is presently the only modifiable risk factor demonstrated to slow or halt disease progression; however, glaucomatous damage persists in almost 50% of patients despite significant IOP reduction. Many studies have investigated the non-IOP-related risk factors that contribute to glaucoma progression as well as interventions that can prevent or delay glaucomatous neurodegeneration and preserve vision throughout life, independently of IOP. A vast number of experimental studies have reported effective neuroprotection in glaucoma, and clinical studies are ongoing attempting to provide strong evidence of effectiveness of these interventions. In this review, we look into the current understanding of the pathophysiology of glaucoma and explore the recent advances in non-IOP related strategies for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in glaucoma.
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Key Words
- AMD, Age-related macular degeneration
- BDNF, Brain derived neurotrophic factor
- CNTF, Ciliary neurotrophic factor
- GDNF, Glial‐derived neurotrophic factor
- Glaucoma
- IOP, Intraocular pressure
- LoGTS, Low-Pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- MSCs, Mesenchymal stem cells
- NGF, Nerve growth factor
- NTG, Normal tension glaucoma
- OCTA, Optical coherence tomography angiography
- PBM, hotobiomodulation
- PDGF, Platelet derived growth factor
- POAG, Primary open angle glaucoma
- RGCs, Retinal ganglion cells
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor- α
- bFGF, Basic fibroblast growth factor
- gene therapy
- intracranial pressure
- intraocular pressure
- neuroprotection
- ocular blood flow
- oxidative stress
- retinal ganglion cells
- stem cell therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Shamseldin Shalaby
- Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tanta Medical School, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Waisbourd
- Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - L Jay Katz
- Glaucoma Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Association between Daily Niacin Intake and Glaucoma: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124263. [PMID: 34959814 PMCID: PMC8709149 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: To determine the relationship between dietary intake of niacin and glaucoma using the data from the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: Subjects aged 40 years and older who participated in the dietary intake interview and vision health questionnaire of NHANES were included in the study. Glaucoma diagnosis by self-report was utilized. Additionally, glaucoma diagnosis by fundus imaging and International Society Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO) criteria was used in subjects with available qualified retinal imaging. Survey logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between daily niacin consumption and glaucoma. Results: A total of 5768 participants were included in the study. There was a significant decrease in the crude odds of self-reported glaucoma in the third (OR 0.57, 95% Cl 0.43–0.76; p < 0.001) and fourth (OR 0.57, 95% Cl 0.37–0.90; p = 0.018) quartiles of daily niacin consumption, which equated to 21.01 to 28.22 mg/day and greater than 28.22 mg/day, respectively. A similar trend was found using fundus imaging of subjects with niacin intake in the third (OR 0.42, 95% Cl 0.25–0.72; p = 0.002) and fourth (OR 0.36, 95% Cl 0.20–0.67; p = 0.002) quartiles. After adjusting for covariates, the odds of glaucoma based on fundus imaging remained significantly lower for niacin intake in the third (OR 0.49, 95% Cl 0.28–0.87; p = 0.016) and fourth (OR 0.48, 95% Cl 0.26–0.89; p = 0.022) quartile levels. Using ISGEO criteria, there was no significant association between glaucoma and daily niacin consumption. Conclusions: Greater niacin intake may be associated with a lower chance of developing glaucoma.
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Lucas-Ruiz F, Galindo-Romero C, Albaladejo-García V, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M. Mechanisms implicated in the contralateral effect in the central nervous system after unilateral injury: focus on the visual system. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2125-2131. [PMID: 33818483 PMCID: PMC8354113 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina, as part of the central nervous system is an ideal model to study the response of neurons to injury and disease and to test new treatments. During the last decade is becoming clear that unilateral lesions in bilateral areas of the central nervous system trigger an inflammatory response in the contralateral uninjured site. This effect has been better studied in the visual system where, as a rule, one retina is used as experimental and the other as control. Contralateral retinas in unilateral models of retinal injury show neuronal degeneration and glial activation. The mechanisms by which this adverse response in the central nervous system occurs are discussed in this review, focusing primarily on the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lucas-Ruiz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIBArrixaca) Murcia, Spain
| | - Caridad Galindo-Romero
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIBArrixaca) Murcia, Spain
| | - Virginia Albaladejo-García
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIBArrixaca) Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIBArrixaca) Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia and Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Virgen de la Arrixaca (IMIBArrixaca) Murcia, Spain
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Nicoară SD, Brie I, Jurj A, Sorițău O. The Future of Stem Cells and Their Derivates in the Treatment of Glaucoma. A Critical Point of View. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011077. [PMID: 34681739 PMCID: PMC8540760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the clinical translation of preclinical studies, especially those that have used stem cells in the treatment of glaucoma, with an emphasis on optic nerve regeneration. The studies referred to in the review aim to treat optic nerve atrophy, while cell therapies targeting other sites in the eye, such as the trabecular meshwork, have not been addressed. Such complex and varied pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to glaucoma may explain the fact that although stem cells have a high capacity of neuronal regeneration, the treatments performed did not have the expected results and the promise offered by animal studies was not achieved. By analyzing the facts associated with failure, important lessons are to be learned: the type of stem cells that are used, the route of administration, the selection of patients eligible for these treatments, additional therapies that support stem cells transplantation and their mode of action, methods of avoiding the host’s immune response. Many of these problems could be solved using exosomes (EV), but also miRNA, which allows more targeted approaches with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Delia Nicoară
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinic of Ophthalmology, Emergency County Hospital, 3–5 Clinicilor Street, 40006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +40-264592771
| | - Ioana Brie
- “Ion Chiricuță” Institute of Oncology, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, 34–36 Republicii Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Ancuța Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Olga Sorițău
- “Ion Chiricuță” Institute of Oncology, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, 34–36 Republicii Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (O.S.)
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43
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O'Connell C, Redfern M, Chan KC, Wollstein G, Conner IP, Cham R. Sensory integration abilities for balance in glaucoma, a preliminary study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19691. [PMID: 34608185 PMCID: PMC8490466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to quantify the association between sensory integration abilities relevant for standing balance and disease stage in glaucoma. The disease stage was assessed using both functional (visual field deficit) and structural (retinal nerve fiber layer thickness) deficits in the better and worse eye. Balance was assessed using an adapted version of the well-established Sensory Organization Test (SOT). Eleven subjects diagnosed with mild to moderate glaucoma stood for 3 min in 6 sensory challenging postural conditions. Balance was assessed using sway magnitude and sway speed computed based on center-of-pressure data. Mixed linear regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between glaucoma severity and balance measures. Findings revealed that the visual field deficit severity in the better eye was associated with increased standing sway speed. This finding was confirmed in eyes open and closed conditions. Balance was not affected by the extent of the visual field deficit in the worse eye. Similarly, structural damage in either eye was not associated with the balance measures. In summary, this study found that postural control performance was associated with visual field deficit severity. The fact that this was found during eyes closed as well suggests that reduced postural control in glaucoma is not entirely attributed to impaired peripheral visual inputs. A larger study is needed to further investigate potential interactions between visual changes and central processing changes contributing to reduced balance function and increased incidence of falls in adults with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin O'Connell
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Schenley Pl., #304, 4420 Bayard St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mark Redfern
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Schenley Pl., #304, 4420 Bayard St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kevin C Chan
- NYU Langone Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- NYU Langone Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian P Conner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rakié Cham
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Schenley Pl., #304, 4420 Bayard St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Non-drug interventions in glaucoma: Putative roles for lifestyle, diet and nutritional supplements. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:675-696. [PMID: 34563531 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a major ocular neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cells degeneration and sight loss. Current treatment options have been limited to reducing intraocular pressure (IOP), known as the leading risk factor for this disease; however, glaucoma can develop even with low or normal IOP and progress despite controlling IOP values. Lifestyle, dietary habits, and supplementation may influence some of the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying glaucoma development and progression; thus, the role of this complementary and alternative medicine in glaucoma has received great interest from both patients and ophthalmologists. We provide a summary of the current evidence concerning the relationship between lifestyle, dietary habits, and effects of supplements on the incidence and progression of glaucoma and their targets and associated mechanisms. The data suggest the existence of a therapeutic potential that needs to be further explored with both preclinical and rigorous clinical studies.
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Thepass G, Lemij HG, Vermeer KA, van der Steen J, Pel JJM. Slowed Saccadic Reaction Times in Seemingly Normal Parts of Glaucomatous Visual Fields. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:679297. [PMID: 34513866 PMCID: PMC8426641 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.679297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In eye movement perimetry, peripheral stimuli are confirmed by goal-directed eye movements toward the stimulus. The saccadic reaction time (SRT) is regarded as an index of visual field responsiveness, whereas in standard automated perimetry (SAP), the visual field sensitivity is tested. We investigated the relation between visual field sensitivity and responsiveness in corresponding locations of the visual field in healthy controls and in patients with mild, moderate and advanced glaucoma. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four healthy control subjects and 42 glaucoma patients underwent a 54-point protocol in eye movement perimetry (EMP) and a 24-2 SITA standard protocol in a Humphrey Field Analyzer. The visual field points were stratified by total deviation sensitivity loss in SAP into 6 strata. A generalized linear mixed model was applied to determine the influence of the various factors. Results: The generalized linear mixed model showed that the mean SRT increased with increasing glaucoma severity, from 479 ms in the control eyes to 678 ms in the eyes of patients with advanced glaucoma (p < 0.001). Mean SRTs significantly increased with increasing SAP sensitivity loss. Even at the locations where no sensitivity loss was detected by SAP (total deviation values greater or equal than 0 dB), we found lengthened SRTs in mild, moderate and advanced glaucoma compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05) and in moderate and advanced glaucoma compared to mild glaucoma (p < 0.05). At locations with total deviation values between 0 and −3 dB, −3 and −6 dB and −6 and −12 dB, we found similar differences. Conclusions: The lengthened SRT in areas with normal retinal sensitivities in glaucomatous eyes, i.e., planning and execution of saccades to specific locations, precede altered sensory perception as assessed with SAP. Better understanding of altered sensory processing in glaucoma might allow earlier diagnosis of emerging glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Thepass
- Vestibular and Ocular Motor Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans G Lemij
- Glaucoma Service, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes van der Steen
- Vestibular and Ocular Motor Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Royal Dutch Visio, Huizen, Netherlands
| | - Johan J M Pel
- Vestibular and Ocular Motor Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Marchesi N, Fahmideh F, Boschi F, Pascale A, Barbieri A. Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases: Interconnection between Retina and Cortical Areas. Cells 2021; 10:2394. [PMID: 34572041 PMCID: PMC8469605 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible interconnection between the eye and central nervous system (CNS) has been a topic of discussion for several years just based on fact that the eye is properly considered an extension of the brain. Both organs consist of neurons and derived from a neural tube. The visual process involves photoreceptors that receive light stimulus from the external environment and send it to retinal ganglionic cells (RGC), one of the cell types of which the retina is composed. The retina, the internal visual membrane of the eye, processes the visual stimuli in electric stimuli to transfer it to the brain, through the optic nerve. Retinal chronic progressive neurodegeneration, which may occur among the elderly, can lead to different disorders of the eye such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Mainly in the elderly population, but also among younger people, such ocular pathologies are the cause of irreversible blindness or impaired, reduced vision. Typical neurodegenerative diseases of the CSN are a group of pathologies with common characteristics and etiology not fully understood; some risk factors have been identified, but they are not enough to justify all the cases observed. Furthermore, several studies have shown that also ocular disorders present characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases and, on the other hand, CNS pathologies, i.e., Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD), which are causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, show peculiar alterations at the ocular level. The knowledge of possible correlations could help to understand the mechanisms of onset. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms of these heterogeneous disorders are still debated. This review discusses the characteristics of the ocular illnesses, focusing on the relationship between the eye and the brain. A better comprehension could help in future new therapies, thus reducing or avoiding loss of vision and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Annalisa Barbieri
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.M.); (F.F.); (F.B.); (A.P.)
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Tang J, Zhuo Y, Li Y. Effects of Iron and Zinc on Mitochondria: Potential Mechanisms of Glaucomatous Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720288. [PMID: 34447755 PMCID: PMC8383321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the most substantial cause of irreversible blinding, which is accompanied by progressive retinal ganglion cell damage. Retinal ganglion cells are energy-intensive neurons that connect the brain and retina, and depend on mitochondrial homeostasis to transduce visual information through the brain. As cofactors that regulate many metabolic signals, iron and zinc have attracted increasing attention in studies on neurons and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize the research connecting iron, zinc, neuronal mitochondria, and glaucomatous injury, with the aim of updating and expanding the current view of how retinal ganglion cells degenerate in glaucoma, which can reveal novel potential targets for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yoon BW, Lim SH, Shin JH, Lee JW, Lee Y, Seo JH. Analysis of oral microbiome in glaucoma patients using machine learning prediction models. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1962125. [PMID: 34394853 PMCID: PMC8354165 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1962125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The microbiome is considered an environmental factor that contributes to the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the association between microbiome and glaucoma remains unclear. This study investigated the features of the oral microbiome in patients with glaucoma and analyzed the microbiome biomarker candidates using a machine learning approach to predict the severity of glaucoma. Methods: The taxonomic composition of the oral microbiome was obtained using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, operational taxonomic unit analysis, and diversity analysis. The differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was performed to determine the taxonomic differences between the microbiomes of patients with glaucoma and the control participants. Multinomial logistic regression and association rule mining analysis using machine learning were performed to identify the microbiome biomarker related to glaucoma severity. Results: DEG analysis of the oral microbiome of patients with glaucoma revealed significant depletion of Lactococcus (P = 3.71e-31), whereas Faecalibacterium was enriched (P = 9.19e-14). The candidate rules generated from the oral microbiome, including Lactococcus, showed 96% accuracy for association with glaucoma. Conclusions: Our findings indicate microbiome biomarkers for glaucoma severity with high accuracy. The relatively low oral Lactococcus in the glaucoma population suggests that microbial dysbiosis could play an important role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Woo Yoon
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Ho Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daegu Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hyun Seo
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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49
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Prabhakaran GT, Al-Nosairy KO, Tempelmann C, Wagner M, Thieme H, Hoffmann MB. Functional Dynamics of Deafferented Early Visual Cortex in Glaucoma. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:653632. [PMID: 34381327 PMCID: PMC8350780 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.653632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In advanced retinitis pigmentosa with retinal lesions, the lesion projection zone (LPZ) in the early visual cortex can be driven during visual tasks, while it remains unresponsive during passive viewing. We tested whether this finding translates to advanced glaucoma, a major cause of acquired blindness. During visual stimulation, 3T fMRI scans were acquired for participants with advanced glaucoma (n = 4; age range: 51–72) and compared to two reference groups, i.e., advanced retinitis pigmentosa (n = 3; age range: 46–78) and age-matched healthy controls with simulated defects (n = 7). The participants viewed grating patterns drifting in 8 directions (12 s) alternating with uniform gray (12 s), either during passive viewing (PV), i.e., central fixation, or during a one-back task (OBT), i.e., reports of succeeding identical motion directions. As another reference, a fixation-dot task condition was included. Only in glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa but not in controls, fMRI-responses in the lesion projection zone (LPZ) of V1 shifted from negative for PV to positive for OBT (p = 0.024 and p = 0.012, respectively). In glaucoma, these effects also reached significance in V3 (p = 0.006), while in V2 there was a non-significant trend (p = 0.069). The general absence of positive responses in the LPZ during PV underscores the lack of early visual cortex bottom-up plasticity for acquired visual field defects in humans. Trends in our exploratory analysis suggesting the task-dependent LPZ responses to be inversely related to visual field loss, indicate the benefit of patient stratification strategies in future studies with greater sample sizes. We conclude that top-down mechanisms associated with task-elicited demands rather than visual cortex remapping appear to shape LPZ responses not only in retinitis pigmentosa, but also in glaucoma. These insights are of critical importance for the development of schemes for treatment and rehabilitation in glaucoma and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claus Tempelmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wagner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B Hoffmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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50
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Re R, Messenio D, Marano G, Spinelli L, Pirovano I, Contini D, Colombo R, Boracchi P, Biganzoli E, Cubeddu R, Torricelli A. Monitoring the haemodynamic response to visual stimulation in glaucoma patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13567. [PMID: 34193904 PMCID: PMC8245402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we used time-domain functional near infrared spectroscopy (TD-fNIRS) to evaluate the haemodynamic response function (HRF) in the occipital cortex following visual stimulation in glaucomatous eyes as compared to healthy eyes. A total of 98 subjects were enrolled in the study and clinically classified as healthy subjects, glaucoma patients (primary open-angle glaucoma) and mixed subjects (i.e. with a different classification for the two eyes). After quality check data were used from HRF of 73 healthy and 62 glaucomatous eyes. The amplitudes of the oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin concentrations, together with their latencies with respect to the stimulus onset, were estimated by fitting their time course with a canonical HRF. Statistical analysis showed that the amplitudes of both haemodynamic parameters show a significant association with the pathology and a significant discriminating ability, while no significant result was found for latencies. Overall, our findings together with the ease of use and noninvasiveness of TD-NIRS, make this technique a promising candidate as a supporting tool for a better evaluation of the glaucoma pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - D Messenio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Eye Clinic, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Marano
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, Italy
| | - L Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - I Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - D Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - R Colombo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Eye Clinic, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P Boracchi
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, Italy
| | - E Biganzoli
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Biometria ed Epidemiologia "G.A. Maccacaro", Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, Italy.,Unità di Statistica Medica, Biometria e Bioinformatica, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via Vanzetti 5, Milan, Italy
| | - R Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
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