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Zarzissi S, Zghal F, Bouchiba M, Rebai H, Fekih N, Bouzid MA. Delayed neuromuscular fatigue recovery unveils reduced fatigue tolerance in elderly following maximal intermittent exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05499-y. [PMID: 38758411 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of aging on neuromuscular fatigue and recovery. Ten young (23.08 ± 1.43 years) and older (61.19 ± 1.80 years) males performed an intermittent maximal isometric exercise with the knee extensors followed by 27 min of recovery. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), total work (W'), voluntary activation (VA), potentiated resting twitch (Ptw), and electromyography (EMG) were recorded and then analyzed. Peripheral and central fatigue following exercise were lower in old compared to young (- 29.99% vs. - 42.68% and - 14.55 vs. - 20.02%; P < 0.05, respectively). Despite old performing 50% less work, RMS/Mmax reduction was similar between old and young (- 26.46% vs. - 29.93%; P > 0.05, respectively). During the recovery period, our results showed that recovery of the MVC was impaired for old (14.93% for old vs. 30.66% for young) and still incomplete until 27 min.VA increased significantly compared to post exercise after 1 min only for young (P = 0.001), potentially affecting the recovery pattern of MVC during the early phase due to their significant correlation (r2 = 0.58, P = 0.01). Peripheral fatigue recovery was also lower for old (11.18% vs. 18.72%; P < 0.001), and both groups failed to recover their baseline value (both P < 0.005). The lower peripheral and central fatigue observed in elderly following exercise appears for the first instance as a fatigue resistance. However, the delayed neuromuscular recovery reveals instead a reduced fatigue tolerance reflecting age-related alteration within contractile properties and/or within central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Zarzissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S) Laboratory, University of Sfax, LR19JS01, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Firas Zghal
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S) Laboratory, University of Sfax, LR19JS01, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mustapha Bouchiba
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S) Laboratory, University of Sfax, LR19JS01, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Tunisian Research Laboratory 'Sports Performance Optimization', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), (CNMSS-LR09SEP01), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Fekih
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S) Laboratory, University of Sfax, LR19JS01, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Bouzid
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S) Laboratory, University of Sfax, LR19JS01, Sfax, Tunisia
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Thompson BJ, Conchola EC, Clevenger KA. Age-related effects of neuromuscular fatigue and acute recovery responses on maximal and rapid torque measures of the leg extensors and flexors. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05493-4. [PMID: 38702553 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effects of neuromuscular fatigue and recovery on maximal and rapid torque characteristics in young and old men for the leg extensors and flexors. METHODS Twenty-one young (age = 24.8 years) and 19 old (72.1 years) men performed maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) before and at 0, 7, 15, and 30 min following an intermittent submaximal fatigue task. Outcome measures included endurance time, maximal (peak torque; PT) and rapid (absolute and normalized rate of torque development; RTD and nRTD) torque characteristics. RESULTS The old men had greater endurance times than the young men. Differential recovery patterns were observed for PT, and early and late RTD phases between the leg extensor and flexor muscle groups such that the early rapid torque variables and the flexors demonstrated slower recovery compared to later rapid torque variables and the extensors. The normalized RTD variables were reduced less after the fatigue task and differential muscle and age effects were observed where the flexors were reduced more at the early phase (nRTD1/6) compared to the extensors, however, for the later phase (nRTD2/3) the young men exhibited a greater reduction compared to the old men. CONCLUSIONS Dissimilar fatigue recovery patterns across different phases of RTD, lower limb muscles, and age groups may have important fatigue-related performance and injury risk implications across the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan J Thompson
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, 6425 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
- Movement Research Clinic, Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Eric C Conchola
- Dr. Virginia Peters Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Kimberly A Clevenger
- Kinesiology and Health Science Department, Utah State University, 6425 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
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Yoshiko A, Shiozawa K, Niwa S, Takahashi H, Koike T, Watanabe K, Katayama K, Akima H. Association of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity with muscle function, sarcopenia-related exercise performance, and intramuscular adipose tissue in older adults. GeroScience 2024; 46:2715-2727. [PMID: 38153667 PMCID: PMC10828458 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle function and exercise performance measures, such as muscle endurance capacity, maximal strength, chair stand score, gait speed, and Timed Up and Go score, are evaluated to diagnose sarcopenia and frailty in older individuals. Furthermore, intramuscular adipose tissue (IntraMAT) content increases with age. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity determines muscle metabolism and maintains muscle performance. This study aimed to investigate the association of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity with muscle function, exercise performance, and IntraMAT content in older individuals. Thirteen older men and women participated in this study. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity was assessed by the recovery speed of muscle oxygen saturation after exercise using near-infrared spectroscopy from the medial gastrocnemius. We assessed two muscle functions, peak torque and time to task failure, and four sarcopenia-related exercise performances: handgrip strength, gait speed, 30-s chair stand, and Timed Up and Go. The IntraMAT content was measured using axial magnetic resonance imaging. The results showed a relationship between skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and gait speed but not with muscle functions and other exercise performance measures. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity was not related to IntraMAT content. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, which may be indicative of the capacity of muscle energy production in the mitochondria, is related to locomotive functions but not to other functional parameters or skeletal fat infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Yoshiko
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan.
| | - Kana Shiozawa
- Department of Exercise and Sports Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Niwa
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Koike
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan
| | - Keisho Katayama
- Department of Exercise and Sports Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akima
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Bowen M, Samozino P, Vonderscher M, Dutykh D, Morel B. Mathematical modeling of exercise fatigability in the severe domain: A unifying integrative framework in isokinetic condition. J Theor Biol 2024; 578:111696. [PMID: 38070705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is the decay in the ability of muscles to generate force, and results from neural and metabolic perturbations. This article presents an integrative mathematical model that describes the decrease in maximal force capacity (i.e. fatigue) over exercises performed at intensities above the critical force Fc (i.e. severe domain). The model unifies the previous Critical Power Model and All-Out Model and can be applied to any exercise described by a changing force F over time. The assumptions of the model are (i) isokinetic conditions, an intensity domain of Fc
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bowen
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité LIBM, EA 7424, Savoie Mont Blanc University, F-7300, Chambéry, France.
| | - P Samozino
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité LIBM, EA 7424, Savoie Mont Blanc University, F-7300, Chambéry, France
| | - M Vonderscher
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité LIBM, EA 7424, Savoie Mont Blanc University, F-7300, Chambéry, France
| | - D Dutykh
- Mathematics Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Causal Dynamics Pty Ltd, WA 6009, Perth, Australia
| | - B Morel
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité LIBM, EA 7424, Savoie Mont Blanc University, F-7300, Chambéry, France
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Varesco G, Luneau E, Millet GY, Féasson L, Lapole T, Rozand V. Age-Related Differences between Old and Very Old Men in Performance and Fatigability Are Evident after Cycling but Not Isometric or Concentric Single-Limb Tasks. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1641-1650. [PMID: 37580874 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare performance and fatigability between young (n = 13; 18-30 yr), old (n = 13; 60-80 yr), and very old (n = 12; >80 yr) men during a single-joint isometric (ISO) and concentric (CON) task performed on an isokinetic dynamometer and a cycling (BIKE) task. METHODS Participants randomly performed incremental tasks consisting of stages of 75 contractions (i.e., 120 s, 0.8 s on/0.8 s off) for ISO and CON and 120 s at 37.5 rpm (similar duty cycle) for BIKE. Increments were set as a percentage of body weight. Knee extensor maximal force, voluntary activation, and twitch amplitude were measured at baseline, after each stage, and at task failure (five out of eight contractions below the target force or 6 s in a row at a cadence <37.5 rpm). RESULTS Compared with young men, performance (number of stages) was 24% and 40% lower in old and very old men in ISO, 54% and 59% lower in CON, and 36% and 60% lower in BIKE (all P < 0.05). Performance of old and very old differed only in BIKE (P < 0.01). For the last common stages performed, compared with young, force loss was greater for very old men in ISO and for old and very old men in BIKE (all P < 0.05). Overall, for the last common stage performed and task failure, old and very old men presented similar force loss, alterations in voluntary activation, and twitch amplitude. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that, with workloads relative to body weight, differences in performance between old and very old men could only be observed during BIKE (i.e., the more ecologically valid task). Results from isometric or concentric conditions might not be transferable to dynamic exercise with large muscle masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Varesco
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE
| | - Eric Luneau
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE
| | | | | | - Thomas Lapole
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE
| | - Vianney Rozand
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, FRANCE
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Lopez P, Rech A, Petropoulou M, Newton RU, Taaffe DR, Galvão DA, Turella DJP, Freitas SR, Radaelli R. Does High-Velocity Resistance Exercise Elicit Greater Physical Function Benefits Than Traditional Resistance Exercise in Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 79 Trials. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1471-1482. [PMID: 36378500 PMCID: PMC10395570 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review and network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of different modes of resistance exercise velocity in fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests in older adults. METHODS CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to February 2022. Eligible randomized trials examined the effects of supervised high-velocity or traditional resistance exercise in older adults (ie, ≥60 years). The primary outcome for this review was physical function measured by fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests, while maximal muscle power and muscle strength were secondary. A random-effects network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effects of different resistance exercise interventions. RESULTS Eighty articles describing 79 trials (n = 3 575) were included. High-velocity resistance exercise was the most effective for improving fast walking speed (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00 to 0.87), timed-up and go (SMD -0.76, 95% CI: -1.05 to -0.47), and 5-times sit-to-stand (SMD -0.74, 95% CI: -1.20 to -0.27), while traditional resistance exercise was the most effective for 30-second sit-to-stand (SMD 1.01, 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.34) and 6-minute walking (SMD 0.68, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.03). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that resistance exercise velocity effects are specific in older adults, as evidenced by physical function test dependence. We suggest that prescriptions based on the velocity of contraction should be individualized to address the specific functional needs of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lopez
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anderson Rech
- Curso de Educação Física, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Petropoulou
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Douglas J P Turella
- Curso de Educação Física, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sandro R Freitas
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Régis Radaelli
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
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Sempere-Rubio N, Muñoz-Gómez E, Inglés M, Aguilar-Rodríguez M, Mollà-Casanova S, Serra-Añó P. Impact of physical activity levels on the ability to maintain static trunk posture in older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 52:24-30. [PMID: 37243989 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PROPOSE to assess the impact of physical activity (PA) levels on sitting posture in the older adults. METHODS One hundred and twenty individuals were divided into three groups according their PA levels: vigorous group (VG); moderate group (MG); low group (LG). The ability to maintain static trunk posture in sitting position as assessed based on the cervical angle (CA) and thoracic angle (TA) was measured. RESULTS There were no significant differences between measurements in CA for the VG. However, LG and MG participants exhibited a significant decrease in CA from minute 1 to 10 and from minute 2 to 10, respectively. In the thoracic region, only the MG exhibited significant differences in TA from minute 2 to 10 compared to minute 1 (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in TA between measurements for either VG or LG. CONCLUSIONS PA has a high impact on the ability to maintain static trunk posture in the older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Muñoz-Gómez
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Marta Inglés
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | | | - Sara Mollà-Casanova
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
| | - Pilar Serra-Añó
- UBIC, Departament de Fisioteràpia, Universitat de València, València, Spain
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Jambassi Filho JC, Neves LM, Lima IRD, Villa MP, Estruzani G, Cedro L, Alarcon R, Buvulenta V, Nascimento RBD, Monteiro Neto LF, Braz IA. ACUTE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LOADS ON MUSCLE PERFORMANCE AND PERCEIVED EXERTION IN YOUNG WOMEN. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012021_0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Load reduction using the repetition maximum (RM) method may be necessary to promote higher numbers of repetitions, and consequently, higher total volume, time under tension, and perceived exertion ratings. Objective: To compare the effects of different leg press exercise loads on number of repetitions, total volume, time under tension, and perceived exertion. Methods: Eighteen women university students (23.9 ± 3.8 years) performed two experimental sessions with 90% and 100% of 10-12 RM in a balanced crossover design. Results: The number of repetitions of the second and third sets, the total volume, and time under tension at 90% of 10-12 RM was statistically higher than at 100% of 10-12 RM ( p < 0.05). The perceived exertion of the first and second sets and the training load (perceived exertion x duration of sessions) were higher at 100% of the 10-12 RM session ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: A small reduction in load results in a greater number of repetitions, total volume, and time under tension. The session with the higher load appeared to induce higher perceived exertion and training load. Thus, scientists and coaches might consider lower loads to maximize the number of repetitions, total volume, and time under tension, which may cause greater long-term muscular adaptations. Level of evidence II; Comparative prospective study.
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Harper SA, Thompson BJ. Interaction between age and fatigue on antagonist muscle coactivation during an acute post-fatigue recovery phase. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1005080. [PMID: 36263146 PMCID: PMC9574075 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1005080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the age-related changes in antagonist muscle coactivation of the biceps femoris (BF) during an acute recovery period following a leg extensor fatiguing protocol. Twenty-three young (mean ± SD: age = 25.1 ± 3.0 years) and twenty-three old men (age = 71.5 ± 3.9 years) participated. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was recorded from the BF muscles for antagonist muscle coactivation. Testing involved participants performing leg extension isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) and isokinetic MVCs at 240°·s-1 at baseline (Pre) and again after the fatigue protocol at 0 (Post0), 7 (Post7), 15 (Post15), and 30 (Post30) minutes post fatigue. Root mean square (RMS) values were computed from the BF sEMG and were calculated as the first 200 ms from onset for the isometric (IsomCoact200ms) and dynamic isokinetic 240°·s-1 (DynCoact200ms) MVCs, and for the final 10° of the leg extension (DynCoact10°) on the isokinetic 240°·s-1 MVCs. Two-way ANOVAs [age group (young vs. old) × time (Pre vs. Post0 vs. Post7 vs. Post15 vs. Post30)] showed that DynCoact200ms had an effect for time (p = 0.018), with greater antagonist coactivation in Pre than Post0 (p = 0.009) and recovering by Post7 (p = 0.011) with no group differences. DynCoact10° had no age × time interaction (p = 0.070), but had a main effect for time (p = 0.020) with the Post0 being lower than the Pre. However, for this variable the young group showed a more severe Pre to Post0 fatigue decline (-45.9%) than the old group (-6.7%) indicating this may be a more sensitive variable for capturing age-related antagonist coactivation post-fatigue responses. Leg extensor fatigue affects some BF coactivation sEMG variables more than others, and any altered post-fatigue coactivation response recovers rapidly (<7 min) from baseline levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Harper
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States,Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Dennis Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Brennan J. Thompson
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States,Sorenson Legacy Foundation Center for Clinical Excellence, Dennis Dolny Movement Research Clinic, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States,*Correspondence: Brennan J. Thompson,
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Paris MT, McNeil CJ, Power GA, Rice CL, Dalton BH. Age-related performance fatigability: a comprehensive review of dynamic tasks. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:850-866. [PMID: 35952347 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00319.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult ageing is associated with a myriad of changes within the neuromuscular system, leading to reductions in contractile function of old adults. One of the consequences of these age-related neuromuscular adaptations is altered performance fatigability, which can limit the ability of old adults to perform activities of daily living. Whereas age-related fatigability of isometric tasks has been well characterized, considerably less is known about fatigability of old adults during dynamic tasks involving movement about a joint, which provides a more functionally relevant task compared to static contractions. This review provides a comprehensive summary of age-related fatigability in dynamic contractions, where the importance of task specificity is highlighted with a brief discussion of the potential mechanisms responsible for differences in fatigability between young and old adults. The angular velocity of the task is critical for evaluating age-related fatigability, as tasks which constrain angular velocity (i.e., isokinetic) produce equivocal age-related differences in fatigability, whereas tasks involving unconstrained velocity (i.e., isotonic-like) consistently induce greater fatigability of old compared to young adults. These unconstrained velocity tasks, that are more closely associated with natural movements, offer an excellent model to uncover the underlying age-related mechanisms of increased fatigability. Future work evaluating the mechanisms of increased age-related fatigability of dynamic tasks should be evaluated using task-specific contractions (i.e., dynamic), particularly for assessment of spinal and supra-spinal components. Advancing our understanding of age-related fatigability is likely to yield novel insights and approaches for improving mobility limitations in old adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Paris
- School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Chris J McNeil
- School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Charles L Rice
- School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian H Dalton
- School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Varesco G, Luneau E, Féasson L, Lapole T, Rozand V. Very old adults show impaired fatigue resistance compared to old adults independently of sex during a knee-extensors isometric test. Exp Gerontol 2022; 161:111732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Wu R, De Vito G, Lowery MM, O'Callaghan B, Ditroilo M. Age-related fatigability in knee extensors and knee flexors during dynamic fatiguing contractions. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2021; 62:102626. [PMID: 34998161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dynamic knee extension and flexion fatiguing task on torque and neuromuscular responses in young and older individuals. Eighteen young (8 males; 25.1 ± 3.2 years) and 17 older (8 males; 69.7 ± 3.7 years) volunteered. Following a maximal voluntary isometric contraction test, participants performed a fatiguing task involving 22 maximal isokinetic (concentric) knee extension and flexion contractions at 60°/s, while surface EMG was recorded simultaneously from the knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF). Fatigue-induced relative torque reductions were similar between age groups for KE (peak torque decrease: 25.15% vs 26.81%); however, KF torque was less affected in older individuals (young vs older peak torque decrease: 27.6% vs 11.5%; p < 0.001) and this was associated with greater increase in hamstring EMG amplitude (p < 0.001) and hamstrings/quadriceps peak torque ratio (p < 0.01). Furthermore, KE was more fatigable than KF only among older individuals (peak torque decrease: 26.8% vs 11.5%; p < 0.001). These findings showed that the age-related fatigue induced by a dynamic task was greater for the KE, with greater age-related decline in KE compared to KF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Biomedical Sciences Department, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Madeleine M Lowery
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ben O'Callaghan
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Massimiliano Ditroilo
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Deschenes MR, Patek LG, Trebelhorn AM, High MC, Flannery RE. Juvenile Neuromuscular Systems Show Amplified Disturbance to Muscle Unloading. Front Physiol 2021; 12:754052. [PMID: 34759841 PMCID: PMC8573242 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.754052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle unloading results in severe disturbance in neuromuscular function. During juvenile stages of natural development, the neuromuscular system experiences a high degree of plasticity in function and structure. This study aimed to determine whether muscle unloading imposed during juvenile development would elicit more severe disruption in neuromuscular function than when imposed on fully developed, mature neuromuscular systems. Twenty juvenile (3 months old) and 20 mature (8 months old) rats were equally divided into unloaded and control groups yielding a total of four groups (N = 10/each). Following the 2 week intervention period, soleus muscles were surgically extracted and using an ex vivo muscle stimulation and recording system, were examined for neuromuscular function. The unloading protocol was found to have elicited significant (P ≤ 0.05) declines in whole muscle wet weight in both juvenile and mature muscles, but of a similar degree (P = 0.286). Results also showed that juvenile muscles displayed significantly greater decay in peak force due to unloading than mature muscles, such a finding was also made for specific tension or force/muscle mass. When examining neuromuscular efficiency, i.e., function of the neuromuscular junction, it again was noted that juvenile systems were more negatively affected by muscle unloading than mature systems. These results indicate that juvenile neuromuscular systems are more sensitive to the effects of unloading than mature ones, and that the primary locus of this developmental related difference is likely the neuromuscular junction as indicated by age-related differences in neuromuscular transmission efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Deschenes
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States.,Program in Neuroscience, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Leah G Patek
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Audrey M Trebelhorn
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Madeline C High
- Program in Neuroscience, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Rachel E Flannery
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
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14
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Delgadillo JD, Sundberg CW, Kwon M, Hunter SK. Fatigability of the knee extensor muscles during high-load fast and low-load slow resistance exercise in young and older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111546. [PMID: 34492255 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Resistance exercise training is a cornerstone in preventing age-related declines in muscle mass and strength, and fatigability of limb muscle is important to this adaptive response. It is unknown, however, whether fatigability and the underlying mechanisms differ between different resistance exercise protocols in young and older adults. The purpose of this study was to quantify the fatigability of the knee extensors and identify the mechanisms in 20 young (22.2 ± 1.3 yr, 10 women) and 20 older adults (73.8 ± 5.4 yr, 10 women) elicited by a single session of high- and low-load resistance exercise. One leg completed a high-load protocol with contractions performed as fast as possible (HL-fast, ~80% 1 Repetition Max, 1RM), and the contralateral leg a low-load protocol performed with slow contractions (LL-slow, ~30% 1RM, 6 s concentric, 6 s eccentric). Each exercise involved four sets of eight repetitions. Before and immediately following each set, maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) were performed, and voluntary activation and contractile properties quantified using electrical stimulation. The reduction in MVC was greater following the LL-slow (20%) than the HL-fast (12%, P = 0.004), with no age or sex differences. Similarly, the reduction in the amplitude of the involuntary electrically-evoked twitch was greater in the LL-slow (14%) than the HL-fast (7%, P = 0.014) and correlated with the reduction in MVC (r = 0.546, P < 0.001), whereas voluntary activation decreased only for the LL-slow protocol (5%, P < 0.001). Thus, low-load resistance exercise with slow contractions induced greater fatigability within the muscle than a more traditional high-load resistance protocol for both young and older men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D Delgadillo
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christopher W Sundberg
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Athletic and Human Performance Research Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Minhyuk Kwon
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Kinesiology & Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Sandra K Hunter
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Athletic and Human Performance Research Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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15
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Jo D, Bilodeau M. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in studies of fatigue-induced postural control alterations in healthy adults: Scoping review of quantitative evidence. Gait Posture 2021; 90:167-178. [PMID: 34492503 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amongst the literature researching the effects of exercise-induced fatigue on postural control in healthy adults, many studies have used the Borg scales to document the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and have shown a broad range of RPE values. Our main aim was to map fatigue-induced RPE values in included publications. Secondary aims were to summarize the preference and purpose for the use of Borg scales within the included publications and to explore the potential associations between fatigue-induced RPE values and postural control changes. METHODS Five databases (Ovid Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched for synthesizing data among the publications that reported RPE values on the Borg RPE- and Category-Ratio (CR) 10 scales and also found fatigue effects on postural control in healthy adults. Spearman's rank correlations were conducted to assess potential associations between fatigue-induced RPE values and maximal postural control changes across the included publications (group data). RESULTS 45 of 51 studies included in this review reported maximal RPE values following exercise and ranged from 10.4-20 (6-20 Borg RPE) or 0.9-10 (CR10) indicating "very light" or "very weak" to "maximal" exertions. The 6-20 Borg and CR10 scales were mainly used to assess cardiovascular and muscular exertion, respectively. The scales were used mostly to estimate fatigue levels (n = 45), and to a lesser extent to produce a specific exercise intensity (n = 5) and as the criterion for exercise termination (n = 1). In general, there was no significant association between RPE and postural control changes across studies. CONCLUSION The broad range of RPE values and weak correlations may suggest that various fatigue levels can lead to postural control changes. However, one should be careful in comparing the extent of fatigue from RPE values and its potential effect on postural control in the light of many confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donguk Jo
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Aging and Movement Laboratory, Bruyère Research Institute, 43 Bruyère St, Ottawa, ON, K1N 5C8, Canada.
| | - Martin Bilodeau
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Aging and Movement Laboratory, Bruyère Research Institute, 43 Bruyère St, Ottawa, ON, K1N 5C8, Canada.
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16
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Wu R, Ditroilo M, Delahunt E, De Vito G. Age Related Changes in Motor Function (II). Decline in Motor Performance Outcomes. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:215-226. [PMID: 33137831 DOI: 10.1055/a-1265-7073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Age-related impairments in motor performance are caused by a deterioration in mechanical and neuromuscular functions, which have been investigated from the macro-level of muscle-tendon unit to the micro-level of the single muscle fiber. When compared to the healthy young skeletal muscle, aged skeletal muscle is: (1) weaker, slower and less powerful during the performance of voluntary contractions; (2) less steady during the performance of isometric contractions, particularly at low levels of force; and (3) less susceptible to fatigue during the performance of sustained isometric contractions, but more susceptible to fatigue during the performance of high-velocity dynamic contractions. These impairments have been discussed to be mainly the result of: a) loss of muscle mass and selective atrophy of type II muscle fibers; b) altered tendon mechanical properties (decreased tendon stiffness); c) reduced number and altered function of motor units; d) slower muscle fiber shortening velocity; e) increased oscillation in common synaptic input to motor neurons; and f) altered properties and activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum. In this second part of a two-part review we have detailed the age-related impairments in motor performance with a reference to the most important mechanical and neuromuscular contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin
| | - Massimiliano Ditroilo
- School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin
| | - Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin
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17
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Yacyshyn AF, McNeil CJ. Electrically evoked force loss of the knee extensors is equivalent for young and old females and males. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1270-1276. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Data are scant on sex-related differences for electrically evoked contractions, which assess intrinsic contractile properties while limiting spinal and supraspinal adaptations to mitigate fatigue. Furthermore, the few studies that exist use stimulus frequencies considerably higher than the natural motor unit discharge rate for the target force. The purpose of this study was to compare force loss to electrically evoked contractions at a physiological stimulus frequency among young females (n = 12), young males (n = 12), old females (n = 11), and old males (n = 11). The quadriceps of the dominant leg were fatigued by 3 min of intermittent transcutaneous muscle belly stimulation (15 Hz stimulus train to initially evoke 25% of maximal voluntary force). Impairment of tetanic contractile impulse (area under the curve) did not differ between sexes for young or old adults or between age groups, with a pooled value of 55.2% ± 12.4% control at the end of fatigue. These data contrast with previous findings at 30 Hz, when the quadriceps of females had greater fatigue resistance than males for young and old adults. The present results highlight the impact stimulus frequency has on intrinsic fatigability of muscle; the findings have implications for future fatigue paradigms and treatment approaches when utilizing electrical stimulation for rehabilitation. Novelty Fatigue was not different between sexes with a stimulation frequency comparable to discharge rates during voluntary contractions. These results highlight that stimulus frequency not only influences fatigue development but also between-group differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F. Yacyshyn
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia – Okanagan Campus, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia – Okanagan Campus, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Chris J. McNeil
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia – Okanagan Campus, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia – Okanagan Campus, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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18
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Zarzissi S, Bouzid MA, Zghal F, Rebai H, Hureau TJ. Aging reduces the maximal level of peripheral fatigue tolerable and impairs exercise capacity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R617-R625. [PMID: 32966120 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00151.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the magnitude of the maximal level of peripheral fatigue attainable (fatigue threshold) during an all-out intermittent isometric knee-extensor protocol in both younger (24 ± 1 yr, n = 12) and older (60 ± 2 yr, n = 12) participants to provide new insights into the effects of aging on neuromuscular function. Participants performed two experimental sessions, in which they performed 60 maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs; 3 s of contraction, 2 s of relaxation). One trial was performed in the unfatigued state (CTRL) and one other following fatiguing neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the quadriceps (FNMES). Peripheral fatigue was quantified via pre/postexercise decrease in quadriceps twitch force (∆Ptw). Critical force (CF) was determined as the mean force output of the last 12 contractions, whereas W' was calculated as the area above CF. Although FNMES led to a significant decrease in Ptw before performing the 60-MVCs protocol (P = 0.024), ∆Ptw was not different between CTRL and FNMES for both the young group (P = 0.491) and the old group (P = 0.523). However, this peripheral fatigue threshold was significantly greater in young versus old participants (∆Ptw = -48 ± 10% vs. -29 ± 13%, respectively, P = 0.028). In CTRL, W' was 55 ± 13% lower in the old group than in the young group (P < 0.001), but CF was similar (326 ± 10 N vs. 322 ± 12 N, respectively, P = 0.941). ∆Ptw was correlated with W', independently of age (r2 = 0.84, P < 0.001). Exercise performance decreases with aging consequent to a lower tolerance to peripheral fatigue. However, the peripheral fatigue threshold mechanism persists with healthy aging and continues to play a protective role in preserving locomotor muscle function during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Zarzissi
- Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health Laboratory, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amine Bouzid
- Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health Laboratory, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Firas Zghal
- Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health Laboratory, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health Laboratory, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Thomas J Hureau
- Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscular Protection Laboratory (UR 3072), Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,European Centre for Education, Research and Innovation in Exercise Physiology (CEERIPE), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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19
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Jambassi Filho JC, Gurjão ALD, Prado AKG, Gallo LH, Gobbi S. Acute Effects of Different Rest Intervals Between Sets of Resistance Exercise on Neuromuscular Fatigue in Trained Older Women. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:2235-2240. [PMID: 32735426 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Jambassi Filho, JC, Gurjão, ALD, Prado, AKG, Gallo, LH, and Gobbi, S. Acute effects of different rest intervals between sets of resistance exercise on neuromuscular fatigue in trained older women. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2235-2240, 2020-The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different rest intervals (RIs) between sets on total volume, time under tension, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and integrated electromyography (iEMG) activity of the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) muscles. Twenty-one resistance-trained older women (66.4 ± 4.4 years; 69.1 ± 11.4 kg; 157.5 ± 5.0 cm) completed 3 different test sessions, performed 48-72 hours apart, in a randomized and counterbalanced within-subjects design. In 2 test sessions, the participants performed 3 sets to voluntary exhaustion with loads that corresponded to 15 maximum repetitions, with either 1-minute RI (RI-1) or 3-minute RI (RI-3). In another test session, the participants remained at rest for 15 minutes. The total volume of exercise and time under tension for the RI-3 session was statistically higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the RI-1 session. Postexercise MVC for the RI-3 session showed significantly greater reductions (-7.8%; p ≤ 0.05) compared with the RI-1 and control sessions. No significant changes in postexercise iEMG activity of the VL and VM were shown for any of the sessions (all p > 0.05). The findings of this study suggest that different RIs between sets lead to different acute neuromuscular responses. The longer RI seemed to induce higher neuromuscular fatigue, likely due to higher total volume and time under tension. Thus, longer RI may be a strategy that possibly would lead to greater long-term gains in muscle strength and hypertrophy of the lower limbs in trained older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Jambassi Filho
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L D Gurjão
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Alexandre K G Prado
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil; and
| | - Luiza H Gallo
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Gobbi
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Van Eetvelde BLM, Lapauw B, Proot P, Vanden Wyngaert K, Celie B, Cambier D, Calders P. The impact of sensory and/or sensorimotor neuropathy on lower limb muscle endurance, explosive and maximal muscle strength in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107562. [PMID: 32122790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of diabetic neuropathy (dNP) on lower limb endurance, explosive and maximal muscle strength in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Fifty-four participants, aged between 55 and 85, were enrolled in this observational comparative study. The patients with T2DM had an average HbA1c of 7.4% (±1.03) and diabetes duration of 13 years. Participants were classified by means of electroneuromyography as T2DM without dNP (dNP-; n = 8), T2DM with sensory dNP (dNPs; n = 13), T2DM with sensorimotor dNP (dNPsm; n = 14), and healthy controls without neuropathy (C; n = 19). Maximal muscle strength and muscle endurance of the dominant knee and ankle were measured by dynamometry, while explosive muscle strength was evaluated by mechanography. RESULTS Muscle endurance "total work" in knee extension and ankle plantar flexion was higher in the healthy controls compared to dNP-, dNPs and dNPsm, in knee flexion compared to dNPs and dNPsm, and in ankle dorsiflexion compared to dNPsm only (p<0.05). Furthermore, relative explosive muscle strength "total power/body weight" and relative maximal muscle strength "peak torque/lean body mass of the dominant leg" considering knee flexion, ankle plantar flexion and dorsiflexion, were higher in healthy controls compared to the dNPsm group, and for maximal muscle strength ankle dorsiflexion even between dNP- and dNPsm (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Muscle endurance is impaired in patients with T2DM, independent of the presence of dNP. Explosive and maximal muscle strength are more likely affected by the presence and severity of dNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit L M Van Eetvelde
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Pascal Proot
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Karsten Vanden Wyngaert
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bert Celie
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dirk Cambier
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Calders
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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21
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Mohamed AA. Can Proprioceptive Training Enhance Fatigability and Decrease Progression Rate of Sarcopenia in Seniors? A Novel Approach. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2020; 17:58-67. [PMID: 32348231 DOI: 10.2174/1573397116666200429113226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common condition in older adults, which causes the frequent occurrence of muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue commonly develops among seniors. Muscle fatigue is a type of physical fatigue that occurs due to either motor or sensory dysfunctions. Current interventions developed to decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue, which include either increasing rest periods or subdividing large tasks into small ones. The effectiveness of these interventions is highly contradicted. Recently, researchers discovered that mechanoreceptors are the main receptors of muscle fatigue, however, no clinical study investigated the effect of performing proprioceptive training to enhance the mechanoreceptors and decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Performing proprioceptive training could improve muscle fatigue by improving its sensory part. The function of mechanoreceptors might consequently enhance fatigue and decrease the progression rate of sarcopenia. Thus, this review was conducted to suggest a novel approach of treatment to enhance fatigue and decrease Sarcopenia in seniors. This might be accomplished through increasing the firing rate of α- motor neurons, increasing the amount of Ca2+ ions in the neuromuscular junction, slowing the progression rate of Sarcopenia, and correcting movement deviations, which commonly occur with muscle fatigue in seniors. In conclusion, proprioceptive training could play an effective role in decreasing the progression rate of sarcopenia and enhancing the fatigability among seniors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Mohamed
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Azzolino D, Arosio B, Marzetti E, Calvani R, Cesari M. Nutritional Status as a Mediator of Fatigue and Its Underlying Mechanisms in Older People. Nutrients 2020; 12:E444. [PMID: 32050677 PMCID: PMC7071235 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is an often-neglected symptom but frequently complained of by older people, leading to the inability to continue functioning at a normal level of activity. Fatigue is frequently associated with disease conditions and impacts health status and quality of life. Yet, fatigue cannot generally be completely explained as a consequence of a single disease or pathogenetic mechanism. Indeed, fatigue mirrors the exhaustion of the physiological reserves of an older individual. Despite its clinical relevance, fatigue is typically underestimated by healthcare professionals, mainly because reduced stamina is considered to be an unavoidable corollary of aging. The incomplete knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms of fatigue and the lack of a gold standard tool for its assessment contribute to the poor appreciation of fatigue in clinical practice. Inadequate nutrition is invoked as one of the mechanisms underlying fatigue. Modifications in food intake and body composition changes seem to influence the perception of fatigue, probably through the mechanisms of inflammation and/or mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we present an overview on the mechanisms that may mediate fatigue levels in old age, with a special focus on nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Azzolino
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.A.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.A.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.A.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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23
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Iconaru EI, Ciucurel C. Hand grip strength variability during serial testing as an entropic biomarker of aging: a Poincaré plot analysis. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:12. [PMID: 31931730 PMCID: PMC6958685 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-1419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Poincaré plot method can be used for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of self-similarity in usually periodic functions, hence the idea of applying it to the study of homeostasis of living organisms. From the analysis of numerous scientific data, it can be concluded that hand functionality can be correlated with the state of the human body as a biological system exposed to various forms of ontogenetic stress. Methods We used the Poincaré plot method to analyze the variability of hand grip strength (HGS), as an entropic biomarker of aging, during 60 repetitive tests of the dominant and nondominant hand, in young and older healthy subjects. An observational cross-sectional study was performed on 80 young adults (18–22 years old, mean age 20.01 years) and 80 older people (65–69 years old, mean age 67.13 years), with a sex ratio of 1:1 for both groups. For statistical analysis, we applied univariate descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Shapiro–Wilk test, Mann–Whitney U-test for independent large samples, with the determination of the effect size coefficient r, and simple linear regression. We calculated the effect of fatigue and the Poincaré indices SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2 and the area of the fitting ellipse (AFE) for the test values of each subject. Results The analysis of the differences between groups revealed statistically significant results for most HGS-derived indices (p ≤ 0.05), and the magnitude of the differences indicated, in most situations, a large effect size (r > 0.5). Our results demonstrate that the proposed repetitive HGS testing indicates relevant differences between young and older healthy subjects. Through the mathematical modeling of data and the application of the concept of entropy, we provide arguments supporting this new design of HGS testing. Conclusions Our results indicate that the variability of HGS during serial testing, which reflects complex repetitive biomechanical functions, represents an efficient indicator for differentiation between young and older hand function patterns from an entropic perspective. In practical terms, the variability of HGS, evaluated by the new serial testing design, can be considered an attractive and relatively simple biomarker to use for gerontological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ioana Iconaru
- Department of Medical Assistance and Physical Therapy, University of Pitesti, Pitesti, Romania.
| | - Constantin Ciucurel
- Department of Medical Assistance and Physical Therapy, University of Pitesti, Pitesti, Romania
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Muscle quality and functionality in older women improve similarly with muscle power training using one or three sets. Exp Gerontol 2019; 128:110745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mohamed AA. Can Proprioceptive Training Reduce Muscle Fatigue in Patients With Motor Neuron Diseases? A New Direction of Treatment. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1243. [PMID: 31632290 PMCID: PMC6779805 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is a serious problem in patients with motor neuron diseases (MNDs). It commonly disturbs both daily life activity and rehabilitation tolerance. A particular concern should be taken when MNDs occur in older ages. Older patients with MNDs usually have a worse clinical presentation and a lower survival rate. This could increase the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue occurs due to a dysfunction in either motor or sensory systems. Current exercise interventions performed to decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue focused only on treating motor causes of muscle fatigue. It has been demonstrated that these interventions have a high debate in their effectiveness on decreasing the occurrence of muscle fatigue. Also, these exercise interventions ignored training the affected sensory part of muscle fatigue, however, the important role of the sensory system in driving the motor system. Thus, this review aimed to develop a novel exercise intervention by using proprioceptive training as an intervention to decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue in patients with MNDs particularly, older ones. The physiological effects of proprioceptive training to decrease the occurrence of muscle fatigue could include two effects. The first effect includes the ability of the proprioceptive training to increase the sensitivity of muscle spindles as an attempt to normalize the firing rate of α-motoneurons, which their abnormalities have major roles in the occurrence of muscle fatigue. The second effect includes its ability to correct the abnormal movement-compensations, which develop due to the biomechanical constraints imposed on patients with MNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A. Mohamed
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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26
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Zarzissi S, Zghal F, Bouzid MA, Hureau TJ, Sahli S, Ben Hassen H, Rebai H. Centrally-mediated regulation of peripheral fatigue during knee extensor exercise and consequences on the force-duration relationship in older men. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:641-649. [PMID: 31397211 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1655099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of a critical threshold beyond which peripheral fatigue would not further decrease during knee extensor (KE) exercise in older men, and the consequences of this mechanism on the force-duration relationship. Twelve old men (59 ± 2 years) randomly performed two different sessions, in which they performed 60 maximum voluntary contractions (MVC; 3s contraction, 2s relaxation). One trial was performed in the unfatigued state (CTRL) and one other following fatiguing neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the KE (FNMES). Peripheral and central fatigue were quantified via pre/post-exercise decreases in quadriceps twitch-force (Δ Ptw) and voluntary activation (ΔVA). Critical torque (CT) was determined as the mean force of the last 12 contractions while W' was calculated as the area above CT. Compared with CTRL, pre-fatigue (Δ Ptw = -10.3 ± 6.2%) resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in W' (-18.2 ± 1.6%) in FNMES. However, CT (∼964 N), ΔVA (∼15%) and Δ Ptw (∼25%) post-MVCs were similar between both conditions. In CTRL, W' was correlated with Δ Ptw (r 2 = 0.78). Moreover, the difference in W' between CTRL and FNMES was correlated with the level of pre-fatigue induced in FNMES (r 2 = 0.76). These findings document that peripheral fatigue is confined to an individual threshold during KE exercise in older men. Furthermore, correlative results suggest that mechanisms regulating peripheral fatigue to a critical threshold also restrict W', and therefore play a role in exercise capacity in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Zarzissi
- Research Unit: Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S), UR15JS01, High institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Firas Zghal
- Research Unit: Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S), UR15JS01, High institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Bouzid
- Research Unit: Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S), UR15JS01, High institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Thomas J Hureau
- Mitochondria, oxidative stress and muscular protection laboratory (EA 3072), Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Unit: Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S), UR15JS01, High institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Habib Ben Hassen
- Research Unit: Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S), UR15JS01, High institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Research Unit: Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health (EM2S), UR15JS01, High institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Wu R, Delahunt E, Ditroilo M, Ferri Marini C, De Vito G. Torque steadiness and neuromuscular responses following fatiguing concentric exercise of the knee extensor and flexor muscles in young and older individuals. Exp Gerontol 2019; 124:110636. [PMID: 31195103 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the age-related alterations in the ability to exert maximal and to sustain submaximal isometric muscle torques after a fatiguing concentric exercise conducted with knee extensor (KE) and flexor (KF) muscles. Sixteen young (aged 19-30 years; 8 women) and 17 older (aged 65-75 years; 9 women) volunteers participated. The following tasks were performed before and immediately after 22 maximal concentric efforts of the right KE and KF at 1.05 rad/s: (1) a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) task involving both KE and KF; and (2) a KE torque-steadiness task at a submaximal target contraction intensity (20% MVIC). During the dynamometric tests, surface EMG was recorded simultaneously from the KE and KF muscles. Fatigue-induced reductions in knee extension MVIC were similar (~15%) between groups, but young participants showed more pronounced declines in agonist (i.e. quadriceps) EMG responses in both time (RMS amplitude; ~15% vs. ~10%, p < 0.001) and frequency (median frequency; ~14% vs. ~8%, p < 0.01) domains. Torque steadiness exhibited a similar post-fatigue decrease in the two age groups (p < 0.01), but interestingly agonist activation (~17%; p < 0.001) and antagonist (i.e. hamstrings) co-activation (~16%; p < 0.001) declined only in the older participants. These findings suggest that the fatiguing concentric KE and KF exercise results in similar relative reductions (%) in maximal torque and steadiness of the KE in young and older individuals, but they are sustained by different age-related neuromuscular strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Massimiliano Ditroilo
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Mehmet H, Yang AWH, Robinson SR. Measurement of hand grip strength in the elderly: A scoping review with recommendations. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2019; 24:235-243. [PMID: 31987550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hand grip strength has been widely used as a lead measure in geriatric conditions such as frailty. However, diversity in assessment protocols and methodologies creates uncertainty in the comparison of outcome measurements. The aim of this study was to review the literature relating to the measurement of hand grip strength in older adults, in order to develop further consensus in relation to the use of existing protocols in clinical and community settings, with an emphasis on practicality and suitability for frail persons. METHODS Five electronic English databases were searched using keywords such as 'hand grip strength', 'clinimetric assessment', and their synonyms. Age-related trends in adults aged ≥65 years were assessed, and comparisons were made of the following variables: dynamometer model and handle setting, hand positioning, warm-up trials, grip duration, number of repeated tests, rest periods, laterality of tested hand, and whether encouragement was given to the subjects. RESULTS Thirty-four research papers met the inclusion criteria and were included. A Jamar hand dynamometer was most frequently used. Variations were found in the positioning of the subject and in the duration of the rest period, which ranged from 10 to 20 s to 1 min. Grip strength was typically measured three times in the dominant hand, with the strongest grip being recorded and no encouragement being provided during assessment. CONCLUSIONS Based on the scoping review, we propose a detailed and standardised protocol that is suitable for the assessment of hand grip strength in frail older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Mehmet
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Australia
| | - Angela W H Yang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Australia
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Fogarty MJ, Mantilla CB, Sieck GC. Impact of sarcopenia on diaphragm muscle fatigue. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1090-1099. [PMID: 30924589 DOI: 10.1113/ep087558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Is the residual force generated by the diaphragm muscle after repeated activation reduced with sarcopenia, and is the residual force generated after fatiguing activation sufficient to sustain ventilatory behaviours of diaphragm muscle in young and old rats? What is the main finding and its importance? After diaphragm muscle fatigue, the residual specific force after 120 s of repeated stimulation was unaffected by ageing and was sufficient to accomplish ventilatory behaviours, but not expulsive manoeuvres (e.g. coughing). The inability to perform expulsive behaviours might underlie the increased susceptibility of older individuals to respiratory tract infections. ABSTRACT Type IIx and/or IIb diaphragm muscle (DIAm) fibres make up more fatigable motor units that are more vulnerable to sarcopenia, i.e. age-associated reductions of specific force and cross-sectional area. In contrast, type I and IIa DIAm fibres form fatigue-resistant motor units that are relatively unchanged with age. The fatigue resistance of the DIAm is assessed by normalizing the residual force generated after a period of repeated supramaximal stimulation (e.g. 120 s) to the initial maximal force. Given that sarcopenia primarily affects more fatigable DIAm motor units, apparent fatigue resistance improves with ageing. However, the central question is whether there is an ageing-related difference in the residual force generated by the DIAm after repeated stimulation and whether this force is sufficient to sustain ventilatory behaviours of DIAm. In 6- and 24-month-old Fischer 344 rats, we assessed the loss of ex vivo DIAm force throughout 120 s of repeated supramaximal stimulation at 10, 40 and 75 Hz. We found that relative fatigue resistance improved in older rats at 40 and 75 Hz stimulation. Across all stimulation frequencies, DIAm residual force was unchanged with age (∼5 N cm-2 ). We conclude that ageing increases the relative contribution of type I and IIa fibres to DIAm force, with decreased contributions of type IIx and/or IIb fibres. The residual force generated by the DIAm after repeated stimulation is sufficient to accomplish ventilatory behaviours, regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fogarty
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Alota Ignacio Pereira V, Augusto Barbieri F, Moura Zagatto A, Cezar Rocha Dos Santos P, Simieli L, Augusto Barbieri R, Pivetta Carpes F, Teresa Bucken Gobbi L. Muscle Fatigue Does Not Change the Effects on Lower Limbs Strength Caused by Aging and Parkinson's Disease. Aging Dis 2018; 9:988-998. [PMID: 30574412 PMCID: PMC6284767 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of aging and Parkinson’s disease (PD) on lower limb muscle strength before and after muscle fatigue. One hundred thirty-five individuals were distributed over seven groups according to their age (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 years old) and disease. Participants performed maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) in a leg press device followed by the muscle fatigue protocol (repeated sit-to-stand task). Immediately after muscle fatigue (less than 2 min), the MVIC were repeated. The peak force, peak rate of force development (first 50, 100, 200 ms), and root mean square and peak values of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscle activity during MVIC were calculated before and after muscle fatigue. We found more pronounced reductions in lower limb muscle strength parameters (lower limb force, RFD-100 and RFD-200 - p<0.05) in individuals over 50 years of age and with PD. In addition, there was an inverse relation between aging and lower limb muscle strength parameters. The main findings were the lack of changes in peak force, RFDs and muscle activity of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis after muscle fatigue according to aging and PD, and similar lower limb muscle strength parameters (before and after muscle fatigue) and effect of muscle fatigue in PD compared to the aged groups (60 and 70 years old groups).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Alota Ignacio Pereira
- 1Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- 1Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Moura Zagatto
- 1Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar Rocha Dos Santos
- 2Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simieli
- 1Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Barbieri
- 3Graduate Program in Physical Education and Sport at School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto (EEFERP), University of Sao Paulo, Centro Universitário Estacio de Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe Pivetta Carpes
- 4Applied Neuromechanics Group, Laboratory of Neuromechanics, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
- 2Posture and Gait Studies Laboratory (LEPLO), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil
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Xu L, Chen X, Cao S, Zhang X, Chen X. A Fatigue Involved Modification Framework for Force Estimation in Fatiguing Contraction. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2018; 26:2153-2164. [PMID: 30281465 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2018.2872554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To alleviate the negative impacts of muscle fatigue on a force estimation model, a modification framework taking use of fatigue index was put forward in this paper. Muscle force and surface electromyography were first collected using high-density electrode grid and dynamometer. Then, multi-step signal pre-processing and a nonnegative matrix factorization-based signal optimization were conducted, with fatigue indices being extracted in the same time. Next, a degree 4 polynomial fitting model was employed to undertake the training process, and the relationship between the generated model parameters and fatigue indices was built up. In the end, the parameter-index relationship was applied on different testing sets to complete fatigue-modified force estimation. Significant improvement was found in most testing cases across different sexes and ages. Relative decreases of 36.5%, 20.7%, and 20.4% in the percentage root mean square error were achieved by young males, young females, and elderly males. The proposed method can boost the performances of force estimation models, thereby contributing to the development of a variety of fields including biomechanical study, rehabilitation treatment, and prosthesis research.
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KRÜGER RENATAL, ABOODARDA SAIEDJALAL, SAMOZINO PIERRE, RICE CHARLESL, MILLET GUILLAUMEY. Isometric versus Dynamic Measurements of Fatigue: Does Age Matter? A Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:2132-2144. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Radaelli R, Brusco CM, Lopez P, Rech A, Machado CL, Grazioli R, Müller DC, Cadore EL, Pinto RS. Higher muscle power training volume is not determinant for the magnitude of neuromuscular improvements in elderly women. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Performance fatigability is characterized as an acute decline in motor performance caused by an exercise-induced reduction in force or power of the involved muscles. Multiple mechanisms contribute to performance fatigability and originate from neural and muscular processes, with the task demands dictating the mechanisms. This review highlights that (1) inadequate activation of the motoneuron pool can contribute to performance fatigability, and (2) the demands of the task and the physiological characteristics of the population assessed, dictate fatigability and the involved mechanisms. Examples of task and population differences in fatigability highlighted in this review include contraction intensity and velocity, stability and support provided to the fatiguing limb, sex differences, and aging. A future challenge is to define specific mechanisms of fatigability and to translate these findings to real-world performance and exercise training in healthy and clinical populations across the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K Hunter
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
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36
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Ramirez-Campillo R, Alvarez C, Garcìa-Hermoso A, Celis-Morales C, Ramirez-Velez R, Gentil P, Izquierdo M. High-speed resistance training in elderly women: Effects of cluster training sets on functional performance and quality of life. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:216-222. [PMID: 29909049 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of 12 weeks of high-speed resistance training on functional performance and quality of life in elderly women when using either a traditional-set (TS) or a cluster-set (CS) configuration for inter-set rest. METHODS Three groups of subjects were formed by block-design randomization as follows: (i) control group (CG, n = 17; age, 66.5 ± 5.4 years); (ii) 12-week high-speed resistance training group under a CS configuration (CSG, n = 15; age, 67.6 ± 5.4 years); and (iii) 12-week high-speed resistance training group under a TS configuration (TSG, n = 20; age, 68.0 ± 5.3 years). Training was undertaken three times per week, including high-speed resistance training exercises. The main difference between the training groups was the recovery set structure. In the TSG, women rested for 150 s after each set of eight repetitions, whereas the CSG used an interest rest redistribution, such that after two consecutive repetitions, a 30-s rest was allowed. RESULTS Group × test interactions were observed for a 10-m walking speed test, an 8-foot up-and-go test, a sit-to-stand test, and physical quality of life (p < 0.05; d = 0.12-0.81). The main results suggest that both training methods improve functional performance and quality of life, however, the CS configuration induced significantly greater improvements in functional performance and quality of life than the TS configuration. CONCLUSION These results should be considered when designing appropriate and better resistance training programs for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Universidad de Los Lagos, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, Laboratory of Measurement and Assessment in Sport, Osorno, Chile
| | - Cristian Alvarez
- Universidad de Los Lagos, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, Laboratory of Measurement and Assessment in Sport, Osorno, Chile
| | - Antonio Garcìa-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Chile
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robinson Ramirez-Velez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física "CEMA", Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C. 111221, Colombia
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain.
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Joudeh AA, Alghadir AH, Zafar H, Elwatidy SM, Tse C, Anwer S. Effect of quadriceps and calf muscles fatigue on standing balance in healthy young adult males. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2018; 18:248-254. [PMID: 29855447 PMCID: PMC6016498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to compare the effects of quadriceps or calf muscles fatigue on static and dynamic standing balance in young healthy adult males. METHODS Forty-five healthy, physically active male adults aged 18-30 years were randomly divided into three groups; Quadriceps muscle fatigue group (n=15), Calf muscles fatigue group (n=15), and a control group (n=15). The Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance, Unilateral Stance, and Limits of Stability (reaction time and movement velocity) were selected as outcome measures for this study. RESULTS The results showed a non-significant difference between pretest and posttest balance scores (p>0.05) for quadriceps and calf muscles fatigue on balance. Similarly, there were non-significant differences in posttest balance scores when comparing fatigue effects between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the fatigue of the quadriceps or calf muscles did not influence standing balance in healthy young adult males. Future longitudinal studies are recommended to further understanding the mechanisms behind localized muscle fatigue effects on standing balance in subjects of different age groups of both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Joudeh
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamayun Zafar
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Cynthia Tse
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnawaz Anwer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author: Shahnawaz Anwer, MPT, Researcher, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, CAMS, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia E-mail:
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Jambassi-Filho JC, Gurjão AL, Ceccato M, Santos-Neto AG, Braz IA, Gobbi S. Acute effect of different exercise intensities and differences related to age on muscle performance in young and older women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:541-546. [PMID: 29687689 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the acute effect of different exercise intensities on the number of repetitions and total volume and differences related to age on the fatigue index. METHODS Twelve young women (19.0±1.6 years) and ten older women (66.6±5.8 years) performed two experimental sessions for the elbow flexor muscles in a balanced cross-over design. In one experimental session, the participants performed three sets to concentric muscle failure at 100% of 10-12 maximum repetitions (RM). In the other experimental session, the participants performed two sets of 12 repetitions and one final set until concentric muscle failure at 90% of 10-12 RM. A 90-second rest interval was adopted between sets. RESULTS The session performed at 90% of 10-12 RM showed a higher number of repetitions in the second and third sets and a greater total volume, compared to the session at 100% of 10-12 RM for both young and older women (all P<0.05). However, significant no differences were observed in the fatigue index between the young and older women for the sessions performed at 90% or 100% of 10-12 RM (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a 10% load reduction promotes a greater number of repetitions and higher total volume in young and older adults. Moreover, the results indicate that young and older women present the same Fatigue Index for the elbow flexor muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Jambassi-Filho
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil - .,School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil -
| | - André L Gurjão
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Marilia Ceccato
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Santos-Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Igor A Braz
- Integraded Faculty Padre Albino, Catanduva, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Gobbi
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
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Sturnieks DL, Yak SL, Ratanapongleka M, Lord SR, Menant JC. A busy day has minimal effect on factors associated with falls in older people: An ecological randomised crossover trial. Exp Gerontol 2018; 106:192-197. [PMID: 29544910 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue is a common complaint in older people. Laboratory-induced muscle fatigue has been found to affect physical functions in older populations but these protocols are rigorous and are unlikely to accurately reflect daily activities. This study used an ecological approach to determine the effects of a busy day on self-reported fatigue and fall-related measures of physical and cognitive function in older people. Fifty community-dwelling adult volunteers, aged 60-88 (mean 73) years participated in this randomised crossover trial. Participants undertook assessments of balance, strength, gait, mobility, cognitive function and self-reported fatigue, before and after a planned rest day and a planned busy day (randomly allocated) at least one week apart. Participants wore an activity monitor on both the rest and busy days. On average, participants undertook twice as many steps and 2.5 times more minutes of activity on the busy, compared with the rest day. Participants had a significant increase in self-reported fatigue on the afternoon of the busy day and no change on the rest day. Repeated measures ANOVAs found no significant day (rest/busy) × time (am/pm) interaction effects, except for the timed up and go test of mobility, resulting from relatively improved mobility performance over the rest day, compared with the busy day. This study showed few effects of a busy day on physical and cognitive performance tests associated with falls in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina L Sturnieks
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Sin Lin Yak
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mayna Ratanapongleka
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Stephen R Lord
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jasmine C Menant
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Force-time characteristics during sustained maximal handgrip effort according to age and clinical condition. Exp Gerontol 2017; 98:192-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Foulis SA, Jones SL, van Emmerik RE, Kent JA. Post-fatigue recovery of power, postural control and physical function in older women. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183483. [PMID: 28880935 PMCID: PMC5589131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low muscle power, particularly at high velocities, has been linked to poor physical function in older adults. Any loss in muscle power following fatiguing exercise or daily activities could impact physical function and postural control until power has fully recovered. To test the overall hypothesis that a common task such as walking can result in prolonged power loss and decreased physical function and balance, 17 healthy older (66–81 years) women completed a 32-min walking test (32MWT) designed to induce neuromuscular fatigue, followed by 60min of recovery (60R). Fatigue and recovery of knee extensor muscle power (3 velocities) were quantified by dynamometry. Function was quantified by chair rise time and postural control by measures of center of pressure (COP) range (mm) and velocity (mm·s-1) during quiet stance. Power declined at all velocities by 8–13% 2min following the 32MWT (p≤0.02) and remained depressed by 8–26% at 60R (p≤0.04). Postural control decreased following the 32MWT, indicated by increased COP range in the anterior-posterior (AP, p<0.01) direction and a trend in the medial-lateral (ML) direction (p = 0.09), and returned to baseline by 60R (p≥0.10). COP velocity was unchanged immediately following the 32MWT, but at 60R was lower in ML (p = 0.03) and tended to be reduced in AP (p = 0.07). Changes in high-velocity power (270°·s-1) were associated with altered postural control (p = 0.02) and chair rise performance (p≤0.03). These results provide evidence of long-duration neuromuscular changes following fatigue in healthy older women that may place them at increased risk for functional deficits during everyday mobility tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Foulis
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L. Jones
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard E. van Emmerik
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jane A. Kent
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kent JA, Ørtenblad N, Hogan MC, Poole DC, Musch TI. No Muscle Is an Island: Integrative Perspectives on Muscle Fatigue. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:2281-2293. [PMID: 27434080 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fatigue has been studied with a variety approaches, tools and technologies. The foci of these studies have ranged tremendously, from molecules to the entire organism. Single cell and animal models have been used to gain mechanistic insight into the fatigue process. The theme of this review is the concept that the mechanisms of muscle fatigue do not occur in isolation in vivo: muscular work is supported by many complex physiological systems, any of which could fail during exercise and thus contribute to fatigue. To advance our overall understanding of fatigue, a combination of models and approaches is necessary. In this review, we examine the roles that neuromuscular properties, intracellular glycogen, oxygen metabolism, and blood flow play in the fatigue process during exercise and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Kent
- 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA; 2Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DENMARK; 3Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, SWEDEN; 4Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA; and 5Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Solianik R, Kreivėnaitė L, Streckis V, Mickevičienė D, Skurvydas A. Effects of age and sex on fatigability and recovery from a sustained maximal isometric voluntary contraction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 32:61-69. [PMID: 28040567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to assess the effects of sex and age on fatigability and recovery from sustained maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the knee extensor muscles. The central (central activation ratio (CAR) and electrical activity amplitude) and peripheral (electrically evoked torque and muscle contractile properties) factors contributing to fatigue and recovery of 24 young adults (12 males) aged 23.2±3.6years and 20 older adults (12 males) aged 70.6±4.4years were compared. The increase in central and peripheral fatigue was greater (p⩽0.01) in the young adults vs the older adults. Sex differences (p=0.002) regarding MVC were attributed to the greater (p<0.01) peripheral fatigue of males vs females. The recovery rate of MVC was greater (p<0.001) in the young adults vs the older adults, with no sex effect. The recovery of MVC was correlated with the CAR in older adults (p=0.001). Thus, the greater endurance observed with age is caused by differences in central and peripheral mechanisms, whereas the greater endurance in females is caused by a difference in a mechanism located within the muscle. The impaired recovery from fatigue in older adults relied more on the recovery of central factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Solianik
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Lina Kreivėnaitė
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Streckis
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Mickevičienė
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Albertas Skurvydas
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Age differences in dynamic fatigability and variability of arm and leg muscles: Associations with physical function. Exp Gerontol 2016; 87:74-83. [PMID: 27989926 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is not known whether the age-related increase in fatigability of fast dynamic contractions in lower limb muscles also occurs in upper limb muscles. We compared age-related fatigability and variability of maximal-effort repeated dynamic contractions in the knee extensor and elbow flexor muscles; and determined associations between fatigability, variability of velocity between contractions and functional performance. METHODS 35 young (16 males; 21.0±2.6years) and 32 old (18 males; 71.3±6.2years) adults performed a dynamic fatiguing task involving 90 maximal-effort, fast, concentric, isotonic contractions (1 contraction/3s) with a load equivalent to 20% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque with the elbow flexor and knee extensor muscles on separate days. Old adults also performed tests of balance and walking endurance. RESULTS Old adults had greater fatigue-related reductions in peak velocity compared with young adults for both the elbow flexor and knee extensor muscles (P<0.05) with no sex differences (P>0.05). Old adults had greater variability of peak velocity during the knee extensor, but not during the elbow flexor fatiguing task. The age difference in fatigability was greater for the knee extensor muscles (35.9%) compared with elbow flexor muscles (9.7%, P<0.05). Less fatigability of the knee extensor muscles was associated with greater walking endurance (r=-0.34, P=0.048) and balance (r=-0.41, P=0.014) among old adults. CONCLUSIONS An age-related increase in fatigability of a dynamic fatiguing task was greater for the knee extensor compared with the elbow flexor muscles in males and females, and greater fatigability was associated with lesser walking endurance and balance.
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Roman MA, Rossiter HB, Casaburi R. Exercise, ageing and the lung. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:1471-1486. [PMID: 27799391 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00347-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a pulmonary-focused description of the age-associated changes in the integrative physiology of exercise, including how declining lung function plays a role in promoting multimorbidity in the elderly through limitation of physical function. We outline the ageing of physiological systems supporting endurance activity: 1) coupling of muscle metabolism to mechanical power output; 2) gas transport between muscle capillary and mitochondria; 3) matching of muscle blood flow to its requirement; 4) oxygen and carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood; 5) cardiac output; 6) pulmonary vascular function; 7) pulmonary oxygen transport; 8) control of ventilation; and 9) pulmonary mechanics and respiratory muscle function. Deterioration in function occurs in many of these systems in healthy ageing. Between the ages of 25 and 80 years pulmonary function and aerobic capacity each decline by ∼40%. While the predominant factor limiting exercise in the elderly likely resides within the function of the muscles of ambulation, muscle function is (at least partially) rescued by exercise training. The age-associated decline in pulmonary function, however, is not recovered by training. Thus, loss in pulmonary function may lead to ventilatory limitation in exercise in the active elderly, limiting the ability to accrue the health benefits of physical activity into senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Roman
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Rockyview Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
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Hunter SK, Pereira HM, Keenan KG. The aging neuromuscular system and motor performance. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:982-995. [PMID: 27516536 PMCID: PMC5142309 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00475.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the basic functional unit of the neuromuscular system, the motor unit, and its neural inputs have a profound effect on motor function, especially among the expanding number of old (older than ∼60 yr) and very old (older than ∼80 yr) adults. This review presents evidence that age-related changes in motor unit morphology and properties lead to impaired motor performance that includes 1) reduced maximal strength and power, slower contractile velocity, and increased fatigability; and 2) increased variability during and between motor tasks, including decreased force steadiness and increased variability of contraction velocity and torque over repeat contractions. The age-related increase in variability of motor performance with aging appears to involve reduced and more variable synaptic inputs that drive motor neuron activation, fewer and larger motor units, less stable neuromuscular junctions, lower and more variable motor unit action potential discharge rates, and smaller and slower skeletal muscle fibers that coexpress different myosin heavy chain isoforms in the muscle of older adults. Physical activity may modify motor unit properties and function in old men and women, although the effects on variability of motor performance are largely unknown. Many studies are of cross-sectional design, so there is a tremendous opportunity to perform high-impact and longitudinal studies along the continuum of aging that determine 1) the influence and cause of the increased variability with aging on functional performance tasks, and 2) whether lifestyle factors such as physical exercise can minimize this age-related variability in motor performance in the rapidly expanding numbers of very old adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K Hunter
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Hugo M Pereira
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Kevin G Keenan
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Kent JA, Fitzgerald LF. In vivo mitochondrial function in aging skeletal muscle: capacity, flux, and patterns of use. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:996-1003. [PMID: 27539499 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00583.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the fundamental dependence of mammalian life on adequate mitochondrial function, the question of how and why mitochondria change in old age is the target of intense study. Given the importance of skeletal muscle for the support of mobility and health, this question extends to the need to understand mitochondrial changes in the muscle of older adults, as well. We and others have focused on clarifying the age-related changes in human skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in vivo. These changes include both the maximal capacity for oxidative production of energy (ATP), as well as the relative use of mitochondrial ATP production for powering muscular activity. It has been known for nearly 50 yr that muscle mitochondrial content is highly plastic; exercise training can induce an ∼2-fold increase in mitochondrial content, while disuse has the opposite effect. Here, we suggest that a portion of the age-related changes in mitochondrial function that have been reported are likely the result of behavioral effects, as physical activity influences have not always been accounted for. Further, there is emerging evidence that various muscles may be affected differently by age-related changes in physical activity and movement patterns. In this review, we will focus on age-related changes in oxidative capacity and flux measured in vivo in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Kent
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Liam F Fitzgerald
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Papa EV, Hassan M, Bugnariu N. The Effects of Performance Fatigability on Postural Control and Rehabilitation in the Older Patient. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2016; 5:172-178. [PMID: 28154794 DOI: 10.1007/s13670-016-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue is common in older adults and has a significant effect on quality of life. Despite the high prevalence of fatigue in older individuals, several aspects are poorly understood. It is important to differentiate subjective fatigue complaints from fatigability of motor performance because the two are independent constructs with potentially distinct consequences on mobility. Performance fatigability is the magnitude of change in a performance criterion over a given time of task performance. Performance fatigability is a compulsory element of any strength training program, yet strength training is an important component of rehabilitation programs for older adults. The consequences of fatigability for older adults suggest that acute exercise of various types may result in acute impairments in postural control. The effects of performance fatigability on postural control in older adults are evaluated here to aid the rehabilitation clinician in making recommendations for evaluation of fall risks and exercise prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan V Papa
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Mahdi Hassan
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Nicoleta Bugnariu
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Bachasson D, Decorte N, Wuyam B, Millet GY, Verges S. Original Research: Central and peripheral quadriceps fatigue in young and middle-aged untrained and endurance-trained men: A comparative study. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1844-52. [PMID: 27287015 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216654225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare quadriceps function (i.e. strength, endurance, central, and peripheral fatigue) of young (Young-UnTr) and middle-aged (MidAge-UnTr) untrained men and young endurance-trained men (Young-Tr). Twenty-four male subjects (eight Young-UnTr (26 ± 4 yr), eight Young-Tr (29 ± 3 yr), and eight MidAge-UnTr (56 ± 4 yr) performed a maximal cycling test to assess their fitness level. On a separate visit, subjects performed sets of 10 intermittent (5-s on/5-s off) isometric contractions starting at 10% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), with 10% MVC increments from one set to another until exhaustion. Electrophysiological and mechanical (e.g. twitch) evoked responses elicited with magnetic femoral nerve stimulation in the relaxed muscle and during MVC (i.e. estimation of voluntary activation using the interpolated twitch technique) were measured at baseline and after each set to assess peripheral and central fatigue, respectively. Endurance (= total number of contractions) was also evaluated. Young-UnTr exhibited larger reductions in evoked quadriceps mechanical responses than MidAge-UnTr and Young-Tr after identical standardized muscle loading (e.g. after the 50% MVC set, reduction in single potentiated twitch was -36 ± 9%, -21±16%, and -2 ± 4%, respectively). At both 50% MVC set and exhaustion, MidAge-UnTr exhibited similar reduction in maximal voluntary activation and displayed similar endurance compared to Young-UnTr. Young-Tr exhibited greater endurance than Young-UnTr without significant changes in maximal voluntary activation throughout the test. This study provides robust comparative data regarding the influence of chronic exposure to endurance training and middle-aged on central and peripheral quadriceps fatigability and endurance. Endurance-trained subjects showed smaller level of peripheral fatigue and displayed no significant central fatigue, even at exhaustion and despite greater endurance performance. Our findings also demonstrate that men in the sixth decade exhibit significant alterations in quadriceps function typically observed in much older subjects. These data emphasize the need for developing normative data for both central and peripheral quadriceps fatigability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bachasson
- Grenoble Alpes University, HP2 Laboratory, Grenoble 38000, France INSERM, Grenoble 38000, France Institute of Myology, Paris 75013, France
| | - Nicolas Decorte
- Grenoble Alpes University, HP2 Laboratory, Grenoble 38000, France INSERM, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Bernard Wuyam
- Grenoble Alpes University, HP2 Laboratory, Grenoble 38000, France INSERM, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- INSERM, Grenoble 38000, France Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne 42023, France Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Samuel Verges
- Grenoble Alpes University, HP2 Laboratory, Grenoble 38000, France INSERM, Grenoble 38000, France
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Remaud A, Thuong-Cong C, Bilodeau M. Age-Related Changes in Dynamic Postural Control and Attentional Demands are Minimally Affected by Local Muscle Fatigue. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 7:257. [PMID: 26834626 PMCID: PMC4720785 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal aging results in alterations in the visual, vestibular and somtaosensory systems, which in turn modify the control of balance. Muscle fatigue may exacerbate these age-related changes in sensory and motor functions, and also increase the attentional demands associated with dynamic postural control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aging on dynamic postural control and posture-related attentional demands before and after a plantar flexor fatigue protocol. Participants (young adults: n = 15; healthy seniors: n = 13) performed a dynamic postural task along the antero-posterior (AP) and the medio-lateral (ML) axes, with and without the addition of a simple reaction time (RT) task. The dynamic postural task consisted in following a moving circle on a computer screen with the representation of the center of pressure (COP). This protocol was repeated before and after a fatigue task where ankle plantar flexor muscles were targeted. The mean COP-target distance and the mean COP velocity were calculated for each trial. Cross-correlation analyses between the COP and target displacements were also performed. RTs were recorded during dual-task trials. Results showed that while young adults adopted an anticipatory control mode to move their COP as close as possible to the target center, seniors adopted a reactive control mode, lagging behind the target center. This resulted in longer COP-target distance and higher COP velocity in the latter group. Concurrently, RT increased more in seniors when switching from static stance to dynamic postural conditions, suggesting potential alterations in the central nervous system (CNS) functions. Finally, plantar flexor muscle fatigue and dual-tasking had only minor effects on dynamic postural control of both young adults and seniors. Future studies should investigate why the fatigue-induced changes in quiet standing postural control do not seem to transfer to dynamic balance tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Remaud
- Aging and Movement Laboratory, Bruyère Research Institute Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cécile Thuong-Cong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Bilodeau
- Aging and Movement Laboratory, Bruyère Research InstituteOttawa, ON, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of OttawaOttawa, ON, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of OttawaOttawa, ON, Canada
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