1
|
Shahidi FV, Tracey M, Gignac MAM, Oudyk J, Smith PM. Unpaid overtime and mental health in the Canadian working population. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:741-752. [PMID: 38849975 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unpaid overtime-describing a situation where extra hours are worked but not paid for-is a common feature of the labor market that, together with other forms of wage theft, costs workers billions of dollars annually. In this study, we examine the association between unpaid overtime and mental health in the Canadian working population. We also assess the relative strength of that association by comparing it against those of other broadly recognized work stressors. METHODS Data were drawn from a survey administered to a heterogeneous sample of workers in Canada (n = 3691). Generalized linear models quantified associations between unpaid overtime, stress, and burnout, distinguishing between moderate (1-5) and excessive (6 or more) hours of unpaid overtime. RESULTS Unpaid overtime was associated with higher levels of stress and burnout. Relative to those working no unpaid overtime, men working excessive unpaid overtime were 85% more likely to report stress (prevalence ratios [PR]: 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26-2.72) and 84% more likely to report burnout (PR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.34-2.54), while women working excessive unpaid overtime were 90% more likely to report stress (PR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.32-2.75) and 52% more likely to report burnout (PR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.12-2.06). The association of excessive unpaid overtime with mental health was comparable in magnitude to that of shift work and low job control. CONCLUSIONS Unpaid overtime may present a significant challenge to the mental health of working people, highlighting the potential role of wage theft as a neglected occupational health hazard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Vahid Shahidi
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Tracey
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Oudyk
- Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Z, Li Y, Wang S, Wang J, Huang Y, Wang X, Guo H, Zhou J. Exploring the Impact of Workplace Violence on the Mental Health of Chinese Correctional Officers: A JD-R Model Approach. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2865-2874. [PMID: 39104767 PMCID: PMC11298411 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s468370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Correctional officers face widespread workplace violence and the resulting overwork that can profoundly damage their physical and mental health. Purpose This study aims to investigate the mediating role of overwork in the relationship between workplace violence and the manifestation of physical and mental health issues among correctional officers. Methods This study enlisted 472 eligible participants. Cross-sectional data were obtained using the Chinese version of the Workplace Violence Scale (WVS), while the physical and mental health of correctional officers was evaluated through relevant scales. Analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and tests for mediation models. Results The study found significant correlations between workplace violence, overwork, and various mental health variables (depression, anxiety, stress, suicidal ideation, and insomnia), with correlations ranging from 0.135 to 0.822 (p < 0.01). Mediation analysis revealed that workplace violence directly impacts correctional officers' physical and mental health (p < 0.001) and also has an indirect effect through overwork (p < 0.023). These findings underscore the substantial impact of workplace violence on the health of correctional officers, both directly and indirectly. Conclusion Workplace violence and overwork significantly contribute to the physical and mental health challenges faced by correctional officers. Overwork acts as a mediator in the relationship between workplace violence and these health issues. The study suggests addressing workplace violence and mental health issues among correctional officers by increasing their numbers, improving the work environment, and implementing enhanced welfare policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Pingtang Compulsory Isolation Detoxification Institute in Hunan Province, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jizhi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee J, Min J, Lee YM, Park MY, Kim HR. Work Environment and Depressive Symptoms of Webtoon Writers. Saf Health Work 2024; 15:172-180. [PMID: 39035797 PMCID: PMC11255920 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Webtoon, a digital form of comics created in the Republic of Korea, has spread widely with advantages that anyone can become a cartoonist and that autonomy of creation is guaranteed. The purpose of this study is to identify the working conditions of webtoon writers and analyze the relationship between these conditions and depressive symptoms. Methods A survey was carried out on webtoon writers and a survey data of 312 webtoon writers were analyzed. The questionnaire included basic socio-demographic characteristics, webtoon writers' contractual type, fields of activity (webtoon creator, story writer, illustrator), and working environment (labor discretion etc.). We investigated depressive symptoms and analyzed its relation to the work environment of webtoon writers. Results Webtoon writers were exposed to long working hours, high labor intensity, limited labor discretion, negative comments from readers, and had a high prevalence of depressive symptoms. Compared to story writers who contracted directly with platforms, story writers and the illustrators who contracted with content providers (CPs) were 9.51 times (OR = 9.51, 95% CI = 1.47 - 61.33) and 6.47 times (OR = 6.47, 95% CI = 1.08 - 38.75) more likely to have depressive symptoms, respectively. Conclusions This study emphasizes the urgent necessity to improve the overall working environment in the webtoon industry and implement measures to tackle the escalating mental health challenges faced by illustrators and story writers contracted with CPs, especially given the increasing popularity of novel comics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School of the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanil General Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehee Min
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Min Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim MS, Park SG, Kim HC, Hwang SH. Association between Work-related Communication Devices Use during Work Outside of Regular Working Hours and Depressive Symptoms in Wage Workers. Saf Health Work 2024; 15:73-79. [PMID: 38496285 PMCID: PMC10944148 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the relationship between work-related communication devices use during work outside of regular working hours and depressive symptoms in wage workers. Methods Data from 50,538 workers aged 15 years or older who had participated in the 6th Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS) were used. The final sample was 32,994 wage workers. The questionnaire asked the respondents how often they used communication devices for work during work outside of regular working hours. Depressive symptoms were assessed using WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between work-related communication devices use during work outside of regular working hours and depressive symptoms. Results The rate of depressive symptoms was highest among workers who did not use work-related communication devices during work outside of regular working hours. After adjusting for socio-demographic and work-related factors, the odds ratio of depressive symptoms among workers who used communication devices when working outside of regular working hours was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.09-1.32); the odds ratio of depressive symptoms in the group not using communication devices for free-time work was 1.66 (95% CI: 1.37-2.00), which was higher than that of the reference group, that is, workers who did not work outside of regular working hours, and was statistically significant. Conclusion Regardless of whether work-related communication devices are used, working outside of regular working hours increases depressive symptoms. The use of work-related communication devices during work outside of regular working hours can reduce the rate of depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Goo Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Hwang
- Department of Dentistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim S, Ham S, Kang SK, Choi WJ, Lee W. Beyond working hours: the association between long working hours, the use of work-related communication devices outside regular working hours, and anxiety symptoms. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiad004. [PMID: 38258934 PMCID: PMC11020288 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to identify and compare the associations between long working hours and use of work-related communication devices outside regular working hours and anxiety symptoms, thereby providing insight into redefining working hours. METHODS Based on the cross-sectional data from the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS), specifically the responses from 46 055 workers, the use of work-related communication devices outside of regular working hours, long working hours, and anxiety symptoms were assessed. To investigate the associations between using work-related communication devices outside regular working hours or long working hours with anxiety symptoms, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS Among 46 055 participants, 25 659 (55.7%) used work-related communication devices outside working hours, 8145 (17.7%) worked long hours, and 2664 (5.8%) experienced anxiety symptoms. Compared with the reference group, those who used work-related communication devices outside regular working hours without working long hours, had higher OR of anxiety symptoms (OR: 2.18; 95% CI, 1.97-2.41) than those who worked long hours without using work-related communication devices during off-hours (OR: 1.32; 95% CI, 1.09-1.59). Furthermore, the group that both worked long hours and used work-related communication devices outside working hours exhibited the highest OR of anxiety symptoms (OR: 2.57; 95% CI, 2.24-2.97). CONCLUSIONS Using work-related communication devices outside regular working hours is associated with a higher risk of anxiety symptoms compared with long working hours. This result suggests that using work-related devices outside regular working hours, in addition to regular work time, should be considered when redefining working hours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinhyeong Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghon Ham
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Choi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 21565, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06973, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Núñez-Elvira A. Association between hours of work and subjective well-being. How do physicians compare to lawyers and accountants? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295797. [PMID: 38100435 PMCID: PMC10723739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyses of physician well-being typically rely on small and unrepresentative samples. In April 2011, the UK Office for National Statistics incorporated subjective well-being metrics (SWB) into the Annual Population Survey (APS), a well-established survey. This survey includes variables from the labor market, making APS an ideal source for measuring the association between work hours and SWB metrics and comparing among different professionals. Using APS data from 2011/12 to 2014/15, this study examined the association between SWB levels and work hours using multiple linear models for physicians (primary care physicians and hospital doctors), lawyers, and accountants. Of the 11,810 observations, physicians were more satisfied, happier, and less anxious; females were more stressed (10.7%); and age was negatively associated with happiness and satisfaction. Incorporating information on preferences to work more hours (underemployment) did not affect physicians' but worsened the well-being of other professionals (lawyers and accountants). Surveyed physicians were less anxious, happier, and more satisfied than lawyers or accountants before Covid. Although the total work hours did not alter the SWB metrics, overtime hours for other professionals did. Increasing the working hours of underemployed physicians (with appropriate compensation) could be a relatively inexpensive solution to tackle the shortage of health workers in the short run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Núñez-Elvira
- Institute of Global Health Innovation (IGHI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Davies E, Liddiard S, McConn-Palfreyman WJ, Parker JK, Cameron LJ, Williams JM. Anxiety and Depression in British Horseracing Stud and Stable Staff Following Occupational Injury. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3337. [PMID: 37958092 PMCID: PMC10649171 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Horseracing has identified several factors influencing staff wellbeing; however, the relationship between injury, anxiety, and depression is yet to be established. This study investigated anxiety and depression scores and their association to pain management, coping, and help-seeking behaviour in injured British horseracing staff. An online retrospective survey was completed by 175 participants, identifying injury prevalence, coping strategies, occupational risk factors, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores. Analysis identified 65.14% (n = 114) of staff reported anxiety scores above the threshold (≥8) and 59.52% (n = 104) of staff reported depression scores ≥8. Median anxiety and depression scores were higher for staff who viewed their employer as unhelpful (anxiety p = 0.001; depression p = 0.020). Heightened anxiety and depression were associated with an increased likelihood to use pain medication to manage at work, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's), alcohol, nicotine, and prescription drugs (p < 0.05). Implications for staff wellbeing is evident; anxiety and depression risks are high following injury, which may influence help-seeking behaviour, perceived job security, and coping mechanisms. This paper suggests it is vital to continue to investigate poor mental health and injury in racing staff and the implications for equine welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Davies
- Equine Department, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK (L.J.C.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Sophie Liddiard
- Equine Department, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK (L.J.C.); (J.M.W.)
| | | | - John K. Parker
- Sport Department, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK;
| | - Lorna J. Cameron
- Equine Department, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK (L.J.C.); (J.M.W.)
| | - Jane M. Williams
- Equine Department, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK (L.J.C.); (J.M.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liang Y, Li Z, Wang X, Liu P, Ma L, Wang X. Association between overtime and depressive symptoms among Chinese employees. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1241994. [PMID: 37886054 PMCID: PMC10598688 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1241994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study examines the correlation between overtime and depressive symptoms, and analyzed the moderating effect of age, education level, and income level on their correlation by using a nationally representative sample from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018. Methods Participants are divided into three groups: 30-44 h/week, 44.1-61.9 h/week (defined as overtime group), and ≥ 62 h/week (heavy overtime group). The multiple ordered logistic regression models are conducted to estimate the association between overtime and depressive symptoms. The interaction term of overtime and moderators including age, education level, and income level are introduced into the models to test the moderating effect. Results The overtime group have an increased probability of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.20) compared with those who reported working hours 30-44 h/week, after controlling for important confounders. What's more, the worsening of depressive symptoms is more pronounced in the heavy overtime group (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.22-1.44). The moderating effect results show that younger employees, employees with high education levels, and those with high income level are more likely to be affected by the negative effects of overtime. Conclusion Working overtime increased the likelihood of depressive symptoms. Younger employees, high-educated employees and employees with high income level are more vulnerable to the negative effects of overtime on mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Liang
- Nottingham University Business School China, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- School of Business, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Xinrou Wang
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Child Health, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Management, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kang HT, Kim CJ, Lee DW, Park SG, Lee J, Youn K, Kim HC, Jeong KS, Song H, Kim SK, Koh SB. Statement by the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine on the proposed reform of working hours in South Korea. Ann Occup Environ Med 2023; 35:e17. [PMID: 37928373 PMCID: PMC10622250 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current 52-hour workweek in South Korea consists of 40 hours of regular work and 12 hours of overtime. Although the average working hours in South Korea is declining, it is still 199 hours longer than the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average of 1,716 hours per year. In view to this, the South Korean government has now proposed to reform the workweek, mainly intending to increase the workweek to 69 hours when the workload is heavy. This reform, by increasing the labor intensity due to long working hours, goes against the global trend of reducing work hours for a safe and healthy working environment. Long working hours can lead to increased cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, industrial accidents, mental health problems, and safety accidents due to lack of concentration. In conclusion, the Korean government's working hour reform plan can have a negative impact on workers' health, and therefore it should be thoroughly reviewed and modified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Tae Kang
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Chul-Ju Kim
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Shincheon Union Hospital, Siheung, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Lee
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Gwon Park
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Cheongju Hankook General Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanil General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kanwoo Youn
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Sook Jeong
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hansoo Song
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Kyung Kim
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Institutional Improvement Committee of the Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Blasche G, Khanaqa TAK, Wagner-Menghin M. Mentally Demanding Work and Strain: Effects of Study Duration on Fatigue, Vigor, and Distress in Undergraduate Medical Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1674. [PMID: 37372792 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The impact of the extent of mentally demanding work on the next-day's strain is largely unknown, as existing studies generally investigate consequences of extended versus normal workdays. The present study sought to fill this gap by investigating how short work periods of mentally demanding academic work impact strain reactions in medical students preparing for an exam, using days of no work as reference category. METHOD The observational design involved students repeatedly self-reporting fatigue, vigor, distress, and the preceding day's study duration. Hours of nocturnal sleep, attending paid work and compulsory classes, gender, and proximity to the exam were controls in the linear model (generalized estimating equations). Forty-nine students provided 411 self-reports (M = 8.6, SD = 7.0 self-reports/student). RESULTS Engaging in mentally demanding work was associated with increased distress and work periods > 4 h with increased fatigue. Distress, vigor loss, and fatigue increased in proximity to the exam. CONCLUSION Despite students' high control of their schedule, even short periods of mentally highly demanding work may impair next-day's well-being when task motivation is high. Freelancers and students might require health-promoting scheduling of work and leisure to avoid an accumulation of strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Blasche
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tav A K Khanaqa
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Wagner-Menghin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Division for Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, Wang Y, Lv X, Li R, Guan X, Li L, Li J, Cao Y. Effects of Factors Related to Shift Work on Depression and Anxiety in Nurses. Front Public Health 2022; 10:926988. [PMID: 35910870 PMCID: PMC9326492 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.926988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although shift work is the foundation of the provision of 24-h continuous care in hospitals, it can negatively impact mental health in hospital workers such as nurses. Despite the connection between mental health and overall health, little is known about the effect of shift work-related factors on mental health in this population. Objectives We investigated the effect of scheduling practices, physical and psychological characteristics related to shift work, and personal habits during shift work on depression and anxiety among nurses. Methods In this multi-center cross-sectional study, 11,061 nurses from 20 hospitals in the Shandong Province of China completed an online survey between December 2020 and February 2022. Multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis was performed to examine shift-related factors associated with depression and anxiety in the study population. Results The completion rate of all nurses' questionnaires was 83.00% (n = 9,181). Among the 9,181 respondents, 66.20% (n = 6,078) were shift nurses. Depression and anxiety were found in 58.82 and 62.08% of shift nurses, respectively, and these rates were influenced by fatigue during shift work, psychological stress before/during/after night shifts, feeling of being refreshed after resting before/after night shifts, using sleep medication before/after night shifts, physical discomfort during night shifts, busyness during night shifts, food intake during shift work, working > 40 h/week during shift work, and sleep quality before/after night shifts. Conclusions Depression and anxiety in shift nurses may be addressed by reducing their workload, sources of stress during night shifts, and facilitating rest and relaxation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Nursing Theory and Practice Innovation Research Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Nursing Theory and Practice Innovation Research Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangyun Guan
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Nursing Theory and Practice Innovation Research Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Nursing Theory and Practice Innovation Research Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junli Li
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Nursing Theory and Practice Innovation Research Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjuan Cao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Nursing Theory and Practice Innovation Research Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjuan Cao
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Working Hours and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms According to Shift Work and Gender. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:e316-e321. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
13
|
de Mélo Silva Júnior ML, Valença MM, Rocha-Filho PAS. Individual and residency program factors related to depression, anxiety and burnout in physician residents - a Brazilian survey. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:272. [PMID: 35436910 PMCID: PMC9016975 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress is common among medical trainees. This study aimed to assess the frequency of depression, anxiety and burnout among physician residents and their association with both individual and residency program-related factors. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study applying an online survey in a national-wide sample of medical residents from Brazil. Depression, anxiety, burnout and diurnal somnolence were assessed with validated tools (Patient Health Questionnaire-4, 2 items version of Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale). Socio-demographic and residency program-related factors were measured with internally validated instruments. We performed multivariate binary logistic regression analysis for each of the main outcomes. RESULTS Screening for depression, anxiety and burnout was positive respectively in 46.9%, 56.6% and 37.0% of our sample (n = 1,419). Depression was independently related to female sex, longer duty hours, absence of day off, poor learning perception, poor feeling about the residency program, overall occurrence of psychological abuse, anxiety, diurnal somnolence and burnout (AUROC = .859 [95%CI = .840-.878], p < .001). Anxiety was independently associated with female sex, higher age and duty hours, work-personal life conflicts, few classroom activities, providing assistance without supervision, depression and diurnal somnolence (837 [.816-.857], p < .001). Burnout was related to lower age and leisure time, male sex, longer duty hours, absence of day off, provision of care without supervision, choice of the wrong specialty, poor learning, psychological abuse, depression and diurnal somnolence (.780 [.753-.806], p < .001). CONCLUSION Frequency of psychological distress in residency training is high and related to both individuals and environmental factors, namely high workloads, occurrence of psychological abuse, poor faculty supervision, poor learning experience and work-personal life conflicts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mário Luciano de Mélo Silva Júnior
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil. .,Neurology Unit, Hospital da Restauração, Recife, Brazil. .,Medical School, Uninassau, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Moraes Valença
- grid.411227.30000 0001 0670 7996Division of Neuropsychiatry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Sampaio Rocha-Filho
- grid.411227.30000 0001 0670 7996Division of Neuropsychiatry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil ,grid.26141.300000 0000 9011 5442Headache Clinic, Hospital Universitario Oswaldo Cruz, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Suur-Uski J, Pietiläinen O, Rahkonen O, Lallukka T. Trajectories of working hours in later careers and their association with social and health-related factors: a follow-up study. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:66-72. [PMID: 34608930 PMCID: PMC8807068 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to identify working hours' trajectories in later work careers over a follow-up of 15-17 years and to examine their association with social factors and health. METHODS A subsample from the Helsinki Health Study was extracted comprising employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland. Growth mixture modelling was used to identify different working hour trajectories. Age, gender, occupational class, marital status, health behaviour, physical and mental functioning and current pain were associated with trajectory membership. Relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. RESULTS A two-trajectory model was selected: 'Stable regular working hours' (90%) and 'Shorter and varying working hours' (10%). Women (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.09-1.78), the oldest employees (RR 2.71, 95% CI 2.06-3.57), managers and professionals (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.20-2.02), those reporting non-drinker (RR 1.66, 95% CI 1.32-2.10), those reporting sleeping more than 8 h per night (RR 1.74 95% CI 1.25-2.42) and those reporting poor mental functioning (RR 1.39 95% CI 1.15-1.68) had higher likelihood of belonging to the trajectory 'Shorter and varying working hours'. There were no differences between the trajectories in marital status, smoking, body mass index, current pain or physical functioning. However, routine non-manual workers (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55-0.98), and semi-professionals (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50-0.96) had lower likelihood of belonging to this trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Trajectories of working hours in later work career differ by age, gender and occupational class but also by health behaviours and mental health functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Suur-Uski
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sznajder KK, Harlow SD, Wang J, Tso L, Ashagre Y, Han C. Factors associated with symptoms of poor mental health among women factory workers in China's supply chain. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1209-1219. [PMID: 35001196 PMCID: PMC8743097 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Foreign direct investment (FDI) to China has motivated increased labor migration to export processing zones (EPZs). Work environments with high occupational stress, such as production line jobs typical in EPZs, have been associated with adverse mental health symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional survey that examined occupational stress and symptoms of poor mental health was implemented among Chinese women factory workers in three electronic factories in the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area. Symptoms of mental health measured in the survey were hopelessness, depression, not feeling useful or needed, and trouble concentrating. Crude and adjusted prevalence odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated with logistic regression. RESULTS Responses were collected from 696 women factory workers. Participants were aged 18-56 years (mean 28 ± 5.8), 66% of whom were married and 25% of whom were migrants. Nearly 50% of participants reported at least one symptom of poor mental health. After adjusting for covariates associated with each outcome in the bivariate analysis, high job strain was associated with hopelessness (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.58, 4.56), not feeling useful (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.22, 3.43), and feeling depressed (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.16, 2.72). CONCLUSION This study expands on the international body of research on the well-being of women working in the global supply chain and provides evidence on the associations between occupational stressors, migration, and social support on symptoms of poor mental health among women workers. Future research to better understand and improve psychological health and to prevent suicide among workers in China's factories is critical to improve the health of China's labor force.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Sznajder
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 90 Hope Drive, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - S. D. Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Social Medicine, College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - L. Tso
- Anthropology, Global Health and Medical Humanities Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA ,Center for Health and Human Development Studies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Y. Ashagre
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, 90 Hope Drive, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - C. Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dugan AG, Decker RE, Zhang Y, Lombardi CM, Garza JL, Laguerre RA, Suleiman AO, Namazi S, Cavallari JM. Precarious Work Schedules and Sleep: A Study of Unionized Full-Time Workers. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 6:247-277. [PMID: 35372671 PMCID: PMC8962924 DOI: 10.1007/s41542-022-00114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unlike precarious employment which is temporary and insecure, with inadequate pay, benefits, and legal protections, precarious work schedules can affect workers with permanent full-time jobs in sectors where employment has historically been secure, well-compensated, and even unionized. Precarious work schedules - characterized by long shifts, non-daytime hours, intensity and unsocial work hours - are increasingly prevalent. Relations between precarious work schedules and poor health are not well understood, and less is known about how to attenuate this relation. We examined the indirect effects of precarious work schedules on fatigue and depressive symptoms through sleep quantity. Two moderators - schedule flexibility and sleep quality - were examined as buffers of these associations. Workers from the Departments of Correction and Transportation in a northeast state (N = 222) took surveys and reported on demographics, work schedule characteristics, schedule flexibility, sleep quality and quantity, fatigue, and depressive symptoms. Results revealed that precarious work schedules had indirect effects on fatigue and depressive symptoms through sleep quantity. Schedule flexibility moderated the relation between precarious work schedules and sleep quantity, such that workers with greater schedule flexibility had more hours of sleep. Sleep quality moderated the association between sleep quantity and fatigue and depressive symptoms, such that workers reported greater fatigue and depressive symptoms when they had poorer sleep quality. Findings have direct applicability for developing initiatives that enhance Total Worker Health® through individual and organizational changes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41542-022-00114-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia G Dugan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Ragan E Decker
- Society for Human Resource Management, 1800 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 113 Wilder Street, Lowell, MA 01854-5126 USA
| | - Caitlin M Lombardi
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Road, Unit 1058, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Jennifer L Garza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Rick A Laguerre
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Adekemi O Suleiman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 195 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Sara Namazi
- Department of Health Sciences, Springfield College, 468 Alden St, Springfield, MA 01109 USA
| | - Jennifer M Cavallari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 195 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chan SM, Au-Yeung TC, Wong H, Chung RYN, Chung GKK. Long Working Hours, Precarious Employment and Anxiety Symptoms Among Working Chinese Population in Hong Kong. Psychiatr Q 2021; 92:1745-1757. [PMID: 34373982 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between working hours and anxiety of a working population in Hong Kong. We used a cross sectional data from a population-based household survey of Hong Kong Chinese adults. Key measures included employment status, skill level, working hours, length of stay at current job and anxiety level. Symptoms of anxiety were assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). The data were analysed using logistic regression. Chinese adults who had long working hours (≥ 72 h per week) had higher odds of developing symptoms of anxiety than those who worked for ≤ 36 h per week (odds ratio [OR] 5.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.82‒19.41). Compared with short period (< 1 year), long period of stay at current job (≥ 5 years) was found as a protective factor from anxiety (OR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20‒0.73). We found that a working period of 72 h per week was a significant threshold to cause anxiety to workers. Stable job arrangement was a protective factor to workers from anxiety. Implementation of labour market regulations, such as standard working hour policy and stable job arrangement, was also significant to mitigate risk of anxiety for working people in Hong Kong.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siu Ming Chan
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences (Social Work), City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tat Chor Au-Yeung
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Wong
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Roger Yat-Nork Chung
- Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary Ka-Ki Chung
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu X, Wang C, Wang J, Ji Y, Li S. Effect of long working hours and insomnia on depressive symptoms among employees of Chinese internet companies. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1408. [PMID: 34271904 PMCID: PMC8283851 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, long working hours and insomnia are relatively common among internet company employees. Considering that both can affect mental health, we examined their independent and interaction effects on these employees' depressive symptoms (DS). METHODS We analyzed data from the 2016 occupational health questionnaire survey conducted in 35 large-, medium-, and small-scale internet companies. Overall, 3589 full-time employees were recruited to evaluate the association among working hours, insomnia, and DS. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess DS. The association of DS (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) with working hours (≤40, 41-50, 51-60, and > 60 h/week), insomnia (with or without), and interaction of both was estimated using multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Compared with the group working for ≤40 h/week, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for DS among participants who worked for 41-50 h/week, 51-60 h/week, and > 60 h/week were 1.32 (1.11-1.56), 1.74 (1.35-2.24), and 2.54 (1.90-3.39), respectively. The ORs for DS among those with insomnia were 2.36 (2.04-2.74) after adjusting for general characteristics. The ORs for DS related to insomnia were similar [1.91 (1.46-2.50), 2.00 (1.61-2.50), respectively] in the participants who worked for < 50 h/week. However, among participants working for 51-60 h or > 60 h/week, the adjusted ORs for DS substantially increased to 4.62 (2.90-7.37) and 5.60 (3.36-9.33), respectively. Moreover, among the participants with insomnia, working overtime showed a greater association with DS. CONCLUSIONS We showed that long working hours and insomnia are independent factors associated with the prevalence of DS; furthermore, an interaction effect of long working hours and insomnia on DS was observed. For relieving DS in internet company employees, it is important to reduce insomnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Liu
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China, 100050
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China, 100191
| | - Jin Wang
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China, 100050
| | - Yuqing Ji
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China, 100050
| | - Shuang Li
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China, 100050.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zadow AJ, Dollard MF, Dormann C, Landsbergis P. Predicting new major depression symptoms from long working hours, psychosocial safety climate and work engagement: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044133. [PMID: 34162636 PMCID: PMC8211051 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess the association between long working hours, psychosocial safety climate (PSC), work engagement (WE) and new major depression symptoms emerging over the next 12 months. PSC is the work climate supporting workplace psychological health. SETTING Australian prospective cohort population data from the states of New South Wales, Western Australia and South Australia. PARTICIPANTS At Time 1, there were 3921 respondents in the sample. Self-employed, casual temporary, unclassified, those with working hours <35 (37% of 2850) and participants with major depression symptoms at Time 1 (6.7% of 1782) were removed. The final sample was a population-based cohort of 1084 full-time Australian employees. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The planned and measured outcomes were new cases of major depression symptoms. RESULTS Long working hours were not significantly related to new cases of major depression symptoms; however, when mild cases were removed, the 41-48 and ≥55 long working hour categories were positively related to major depression symptoms. Low PSC was associated with a threefold increase in risk for new major depression symptoms. PSC was not related to long working hours, and long working hours did not mediate the relationship between PSC and new cases of major depression symptoms. The inverse relationship between PSC and major depression symptoms was stronger for males than females. Additional analyses identified that WE was positively related to long working hours. Long working hours (41-48 and ≥55 hours) mediated a positive relationship between WE and major depression symptoms when mild cases of major depression were removed. CONCLUSION The results suggest that low workplace PSC and potentially long working hours (41-48; ≥55 hours/week) increase the risk of new major depression symptoms. Furthermore, high WE may increase long working hours and subsequent major depression symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Jane Zadow
- Centre for Workplace Excellence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maureen F Dollard
- Centre for Workplace Excellence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, Institute of Work, Health and Organisations, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christian Dormann
- Faculty of Law, Management and Economics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Landsbergis
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, State University of New York Downstate School of Public Health, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pohrt A, Fodor D, Burr H, Kendel F. Appreciation and job control predict depressive symptoms: results from the Study on Mental Health at Work. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 95:377-387. [PMID: 34160662 PMCID: PMC8795067 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressive symptoms are a leading cause of disability retirement and sick leave. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of depressive symptoms in German employees and its associations with factors from both the occupational and the non-occupational domain and gender. METHODS In the second wave of the German Study of Mental Health at Work (SMGA), a representative sample of 2640 German employees (52% women) was studied. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the PHQ-9 questionnaire. Psychosocial occupational and non-occupational conditions were assessed with quantitative interviews. In this cross-sectional sample, the association of these factors with depressive symptoms was examined using logistic regression models. RESULTS Factors from both the occupational and the non-occupational domain were associated with risk of depressive symptoms. Low appreciation from superior (ORmen 2.1 (95% CI 1.2-3.7); ORwomen 3.2 (95% CI 2.1-4.8)), low job control (ORmen 2.9 (95% CI 1.6-5.4); ORwomen 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.5)), and critical life events (ORmen 3.0 (95% CI 1.6-5.4); ORwomen 2.3 (95% CI 1.5-3.7)) had the strongest association with risk of depressive symptoms. The association with quantitative demands was stronger in caregivers than in non-caregivers. The results indicated possible differences in the associations of working conditions between men and women, and between family caregivers and non-caregivers. CONCLUSION Factors from both work and private life are associated with depressive symptoms, especially appreciation, job control, and critical life events. Gender differences, with respect to appreciation and influence at work, suggest a more gender sensitive approach to psychosocial occupational health research and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pohrt
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daniel Fodor
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann Burr
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Kendel
- Gender in Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rees N, Smythe L, Hogan C, Williams J. Paramedic experiences of providing care in wales (UK) during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic (PECC-19): a qualitative study using evolved grounded theory. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048677. [PMID: 34140344 PMCID: PMC8212156 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore paramedic experiences of providing care during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and develop theory in order to inform future policy and practice. DESIGN Qualitative study using constructivist evolved grounded theory (EGT) methodology. One-to-one semistructured interviews were conducted using a general interview guide. Voice over Internet Protocol was used through Skype. SETTING Conducted between March 2020 and November 2020 in the Welsh Ambulance Services National Health Services Trust UK which serves a population of three million. PARTICIPANTS Paramedics were recruited through a poster circulated by email and social media. Following purposive sampling, 20 Paramedics were enrolled and interviewed. RESULTS Emergent categories included: Protect me to protect you, Rapid disruption and adaptation, Trust in communication and information and United in hardship. The Basic Social Process was recognised to involve Tragic Choices, conceptualised through an EGT including Tragic personal and professional choices including concerns over personnel protective equipment (PPE), protecting themselves and their families, impact on mental health and difficult clinical decisions, Tragic organisational choices including decision making support, communication, mental health and well-being and Tragic societal choices involving public shows of support, utilisation and resourcing of health services. CONCLUSIONS Rich insights were revealed into paramedic care during the COVID-19 pandemic consistent with other research. This care was provided in the context of competing and conflicting decisions and resources, where Tragic Choices have to be made which may challenge life's pricelessness. Well-being support, clinical decision making, appropriate PPE and healthcare resourcing are all influenced by choices made before and during the pandemic, and will continue as we recover and plan for future pandemics. The impact of COVID-19 may persist, especially if we fail to learn, if not we risk losing more lives in this and future pandemics and threatening the overwhelming collective effort which united society in hardship when responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER IRAS ID: 282 623.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Rees
- Pre-Hospital Emergency Research Unit, Welsh National Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Swansea, UK
| | - Lauren Smythe
- Pre-Hospital Emergency Research Unit, Welsh National Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Swansea, UK
| | - Chloe Hogan
- Pre-Hospital Emergency Research Unit, Welsh National Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Swansea, UK
| | - Julia Williams
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hu Q, Hu X, Zheng B, Li L. Mental Health Outcomes Among Civil Servants Aiding in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Control. Front Public Health 2021; 9:601791. [PMID: 33996707 PMCID: PMC8118382 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.601791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the psychiatric status of Chinese civil servants aiding in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control. Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese civil servants have faced high workloads that may contribute to mental disorders. We assessed the prevalence of both depression and anxiety symptoms among civil servants in Jiangsu and surrounding provinces using the Chinese versions of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale. Methods: The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were used to assess the severity of symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mental health outcomes. Results: In total, 867 Chinese civil servants aiding in COVID-19 control were included in our study. Overall, 37.25 and 38.06% of all respondents reported having symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Respondents who were younger and more educated and those who had fewer years of work experience had higher scores for both depression and anxiety. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being a woman, being younger, having more education and having fewer years of work experience were associated with a higher risk of symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, whether they had experience combating infectious diseases or worked in frontline, there was no significant difference between respondents with and without experience, as well as between frontline and non-frontline workers, in both symptoms of depression and anxiety. Conclusions: The civil servants aiding in COVID-19 control reported suffering from varying degrees of mental disorders. Therefore, more attention should be devoted to the psychological distress of these civil servants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochu Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Beibei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Nanjing Chest Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mikkelsen S, Coggon D, Andersen JH, Casey P, Flachs EM, Kolstad HA, Mors O, Bonde JP. Are depressive disorders caused by psychosocial stressors at work? A systematic review with metaanalysis. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:479-496. [PMID: 33580479 PMCID: PMC8159794 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, many studies have examined associations between poor psychosocial work environment and depression. We aimed to assess the evidence for a causal association between psychosocial factors at work and depressive disorders. We conducted a systematic literature search from 1980 to March 2019. For all exposures other than night and shift work and long working hours, we limited our selection of studies to those with a longitudinal design. We extracted available risk estimates for each of 19 psychosocial exposures, from which we calculated summary risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (PROSPERO, identifier CRD42019130266). 54 studies were included, addressing 19 exposures and 11 different measures of depression. Only data on depressive episodes were sufficient for evaluation. Heterogeneity of exposure definitions and ascertainment, outcome measures, risk parameterization and effect contrasts limited the validity of meta-analyses. Summary risk estimates were above unity for all but one exposure, and below 1.60 for all but another. Outcome measures were liable to high rates of false positives, control of relevant confounding was mostly inadequate, and common method bias was likely in a large proportion of studies. The combination of resulting biases is likely to have inflated observed effect estimates. When statistical uncertainties and the potential for bias and confounding are taken into account, it is not possible to conclude with confidence that any of the psychosocial exposures at work included in this review is either likely or unlikely to cause depressive episodes or recurrent depressive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Mikkelsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - David Coggon
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Johan Hviid Andersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University Research Clinic, Herning, Denmark
| | - Patricia Casey
- Department of Psychiatry, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Esben Meulengracht Flachs
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Albert Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Department of Psychosis, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Inoue Y, Yamamoto S, Stickley A, Kuwahara K, Miyamoto T, Nakagawa T, Honda T, Imai T, Nishihara A, Kabe I, Mizoue T, Dohi S. Overtime Work and the Incidence of Long-term Sickness Absence Due to Mental Disorders: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Epidemiol 2021; 32:283-289. [PMID: 33518590 PMCID: PMC9086305 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shao Z, Cao A, Luo W, Zhou Y, Wang J, Gui Y, Gao B, Xu Z, Zhu B, Sheng Z. The Psychological Impact of the Tertiary Hospital Reappraisal on Resident Doctors in the Post-pandemic Era: A Cross-sectional Study in Ningbo. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:770851. [PMID: 35222102 PMCID: PMC8874269 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.770851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PARTICIPANTS Competent resident doctor were expected to help the patients, advance medical knowledge, and promote public health. The time and effort necessary for residents to devote to standarized training is extensive. Anxiety and depression can negatively affect professional development and work efficacy. The study aimed to assess the psychosocial effects of the hospital reappraisal during the post-pandemic era of COVID-19 and analyze potential risk factors leading to their symptoms of anxiety and depression. METHOD In March 2021, the "Questionnaire Star" electronic questionnaire system was used to collect data. A total of 96 resident doctors from the affiliated hospital of the medical school of Ningbo University were invited to complete the questionnaires. RESULTS According to our study, the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in the resident doctors in the institution was 61.5 and 59.4%, respectively. The residents who were worried about clinical skills tend to have anxiety symptoms under online education (OR = 3.436, 95%CI: 1.122-10.526). Compared with participants who were assigned by other hospitals, social trainees (OR: 7.579, 95%CI: 1.747-32.885), and full-time masters (OR: 5.448, 95% CI: 1.586-18.722) were more likely to have anxiety symptoms. Participants without a labor contract (OR = 3.257, 95% CI: 1.052-10.101) had a high risk of depression symptoms. Participants who spent more time learning the details prepared for the tertiary hospital reappraisal were significantly more likely to develop anxiety and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION This study suggested that the tertiary hospital reappraisal program has an impact on the high incidence of anxiety and depression of the young resident doctors during the post-pandemic era of the COVID-19 in Ningbo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affilated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Angyang Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjun Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanling Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu Gui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Binbin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhiren Sheng
- Department of Nursing, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Colón-Burgos JF, Vertovec J, Padilla M, Mixson-Perez N, Matiz-Reyes A, Varas-Díaz N, Nuñez A, Matos N, Barker R, Neira C, Gonzalez A. Coping with stress and anxiety: An ethnographic comparison of labor and health vulnerabilities among Dominican deportees in two transnational industries. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 32:345-356. [PMID: 35614902 PMCID: PMC9126501 DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2020.1826031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Félix Colón-Burgos
- Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University
| | - John Vertovec
- Global and Sociocultural Studies, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Mark Padilla
- Global, and Sociocultural Studies, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Nicole Mixson-Perez
- Global and Sociocultural Studies, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Armando Matiz-Reyes
- Kimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Nelson Varas-Díaz
- Global and Sociocultural Studies, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Andrea Nuñez
- Global and Sociocultural Studies, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Nahomi Matos
- Politics and International Relations, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Raquel Barker
- Politics and International Relations, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Camila Neira
- Global, and Sociocultural Studies, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Arnaldo Gonzalez
- Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hannerz H, Albertsen K, Nielsen ML, Garde AH. Prospective Associations Between Working Time Arrangements and Psychiatric Treatment in Denmark: Protocol for a Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e18236. [PMID: 32442158 PMCID: PMC7351261 DOI: 10.2196/18236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of mental ill health in working-age populations has prompted research on possible links between work-related factors and mental ill health. Long working hours and night shift work are some of the factors that have been studied in relation to the risk of developing mental ill health. Yet, previous studies have not generated conclusive evidence, and further studies of high quality are needed. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the prospective association between working time arrangements and mental health in terms of psychotropic drug usage or psychiatric hospital treatment in the general working population of Denmark. METHODS Data on total weekly working hours in any job and night shift work from the Danish Labor Force Survey 2000-2013 will be linked to data from the Psychiatric Central Research Register (expected 2400 cases during 700,000 person years at risk) and National Prescription Registry (expected 17,400 cases during 600,000 person years at risk). Participants will be followed for up to 5 years. We will use Poisson regression to separately analyze incidence rates of redeemed prescriptions for psychotropic medicine and incidence rates of psychiatric hospital treatment due to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or stress-related disorders as a function of weekly working hours and night shift work. The analyses will be controlled for sex, age, calendar time of the interview, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS This is a study protocol. Power calculations indicate that the study has sufficient statistical power to detect relatively small differences in risks and minor interactions (eg, ~90% power to detect a rate ratio of 1.1 for psychoactive medication use). We expect the analyses to be completed by the end of 2020 and the results to be published in 2021. CONCLUSIONS In this study protocol, all hypotheses and statistical models of the project have been completely defined before we link the exposure data to the outcome data. The results of the project will indicate to what extent and in what direction the national burden of mental ill health in Denmark has been influenced by long working hours and night shift work. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18236.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hannerz
- The National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anne Helene Garde
- The National Research Center for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bamishigbin ON, Wilson DK, Abshire DA, Mejia-Lancheros C, Dunkel Schetter C. Father Involvement in Infant Parenting in an Ethnically Diverse Community Sample: Predicting Paternal Depressive Symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:578688. [PMID: 33173524 PMCID: PMC7538507 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early paternal involvement in infant care is beneficial to child and maternal health, and possibly for paternal mental health. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between fathers' involvement in early infant parenting and their depressive symptoms during the infant's first year in a sample of 881 low-income Black, Hispanic, and White fathers recruited from five sites in the United States (urban, mixed urban/suburban, rural). Home interviews at 1 month after birth assessed three concepts based on prior research and community input: (1) time spent with the infant, (2) parenting self-efficacy, (3) material support for the baby. Paternal depressive symptoms at 1, 6, and 12 months after the birth of a child were assessed with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Generalized estimating equations tested whether the three indicators of father involvement at 1 month after birth predicted lower subsequent paternal depressive symptoms controlling for social and demographic variables. For fathers, greater time spent with the infant, parenting self-efficacy, and material support were all significantly associated with lower paternal depressive symptoms during the first year. When risk of depression (scores > 9) was examined, only parenting self-efficacy among fathers was associated with higher likelihood of clinical depression. Findings have implications for future research on mechanisms linking paternal involvement and paternal mental health, and for possible paid paternal leave policies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olajide N Bamishigbin
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Dawn K Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbus, SC, United States
| | - Demetrius A Abshire
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbus, SC, United States
| | - Cilia Mejia-Lancheros
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Effect of Long Working Hours on Depression and Mental Well-Being among Employees in Shanghai: The Role of Having Leisure Hobbies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16244980. [PMID: 31817855 PMCID: PMC6950581 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our aim is to examine the associations between long working hours and depression and mental well-being among the working population in Shanghai, as well as to identify the impact of having hobbies on these relationships. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, with depression assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale and mental well-being assessed by the World Health Organization five-item Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scale. The phenomenon of long working hours (69.3%) was quite common among employees in Shanghai, and the rate of working over 60 h was 19.3%. Those who worked over 60 h had the highest prevalence of poorer mental health compared with individuals working ≤40 h per week. After adjustment in the logistic regression model, those who reported weekly working time over 60 h were 1.40 (95%CI: 1.03–1.90) and 1.66 (95%CI: 1.26–2.18) times more likely to have depression and poor mental well-being (PMWB), respectively. Adjusted ORs for having hobbies were 0.78 (95%CI: 0.62–0.97) and 0.62 (95%CI: 0.51–0.75), respectively. Meanwhile, having hobbies could significantly lower the mean score on the PHQ-9 and elevate the mean score on the WHO-5 in each working time group, with no interaction effect. Long working hours could have a significantly negative impact on workers’ psychological health. Importantly, having hobbies in their daily lives might help to mitigate the adverse effects of long working hours on workers’ depression and mental well-being.
Collapse
|
30
|
The Effect of Employment and Occupational Factors on Late-Life Depression in Korea. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 60:e492-e497. [PMID: 30059356 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the prevalence of depression using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) across general and occupational characteristics in older Koreans and identified associations between depression and occupational factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study used Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and analyzed 2426 participants (more than 50 years older). Complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting general characteristics. RESULTS Using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data we identified the employment status and occupational factors (working hours per week, working status, occupation type, working schedule) are associated with the prevalence of late-life depression after adjusting general characteristics among older Korean men. CONCLUSIONS The occupational environment associated with mental health is an important social issue for increasingly aging workers. There is a need for appropriate occupational environments and high-quality occupations enabling older people to work with public interest and collaborative effort of social and governmental institutions.
Collapse
|
31
|
Long working hours and depressive symptoms: moderating effects of gender, socioeconomic status, and job resources. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:661-672. [PMID: 30864024 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have found inconsistent associations between working hours and depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible moderators of this association, using data from a large-scale cross-sectional survey. METHODS A total of 16,136 Japanese employees (men 83.5%; women 16.5%) responded to a self-administered questionnaire inquiring about overtime working hours during the previous month and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale), as well as moderating factors including gender, age, marital status, socioeconomic status, commuting time, sleeping hours per day, job control and worksite social support (Job Content Questionnaire), neuroticism (Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire Revised), and social desirability (Social Desirability Scale) (response rate, 85%). We conducted sequential regression analyses to investigate the main effects and interaction effects of all moderating variables. RESULTS The association between overtime working hours and depressive symptoms was significantly moderated by gender (interaction effect: β = 0.03), age (β = - 0.02), manager (β = 0.03), sleeping hours (β = - 0.02), job control (β = - 0.03), and neuroticism (β = 0.02). Among workers engaged in 80 + hours of overtime, higher depressive symptoms were reported by women, younger employees, non-managers, employees with low job control, low worksite social support, and high neuroticism. A significant main effect of long overtime working hours on depressive symptoms was also observed even after controlling for all independent variables (β = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Long overtime working hours is associated with depressive symptoms. We also found significant heterogeneity in the association according to employee characteristics, which may explain the inconsistent findings in previous literature.
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee JG, Kim GH, Jung SW, Kim SW, Lee JH, Lee KJ. The association between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms of Korean wage workers: data from the fourth Korean working conditions survey (a cross-sectional study). Ann Occup Environ Med 2018; 30:67. [PMID: 30524733 PMCID: PMC6276142 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-018-0278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that long working hours are hazardous to the workers’ health. Especially, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have been considered as one of the significant health issues in workplace. The objective of this study was to identify the association between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms. Methods The analysis was conducted using data from the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). Subjects of this study were 24,783 wage workers and divided into three groups according to the weekly working hours, which were ≤ 40, 41–52 and > 52 h. The relationship between long working hours and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression method after adjusting for general, occupational characteristics including specific working motions or postures and psychosocial factors. Results Approximately 18.4% of subjects worked more than 52 h per week and 26.4 and 16.4% of male subjects and 33.0 and 23.4% of female subjects experienced work-related upper and lower limb pains, respectively, over the last 12 months. Moreover, the prevalence of upper and lower limb pain was increased in both genders as the weekly working hours increased. The odds ratios (ORs) of upper limb pain for those working 41–52 h and more than 52 h per week when adjusted for general, occupational characteristics including specific motions or postures and psychosocial factors were 1.36 and 1.40 for male workers and 1.26 and 1.66 for female workers compared to the reference group, respectively. Furthermore, ORs of lower limb pain for the same weekly working hour groups were 1.26 and 1.47 for male workers and 1.20 and 1.47 for female workers, respectively. Conclusions Long working hours were significantly related to work-related musculoskeletal symptoms in Korean wage workers and appropriate interventions should be implemented to reduce long working hours that can negatively affect workers’ health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gwang Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Guang Hwi Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June-Hee Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Jae Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schneider A, Hilbert S, Hamann J, Skadsem S, Glaser J, Löwe B, Bühner M. The Implications of Psychological Symptoms for Length of Sick Leave. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 114:291-297. [PMID: 28530171 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the relation between sick leave duration, burnout symptoms, depression, anxiety, and somatization in a primary care setting. METHODS Patients receiving a sickness certificate in one of 14 participating primary care practices were consecutively asked by their primary care physician to fill in a questionnaire comprising the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) containing the depression (PHQ-9), somatization (PHQ-15), and anxiety (GAD-7) scales. The main diagnosis on the sickness certificate was documented by the issuing physician. A quasi-Poisson regression analysis was performed to estimate the influence of burnout symptoms, depression, and anxiety on length of sick leave. RESULTS 225 patients participated, 122 (54.2%) were female; the mean age was 39.5 years. Length of sick leave correlated with emotional exhaustion (p = 0.005), depersonalization (p = 0.013), depression (p = 0.006), anxiety (p = 0.023), and somatization (p = 0.001). However, regression analysis revealed that the only predictors for length of sick leave were anxiety (exp[0.081] = 1.084; p = 0.013), age (exp[0.017] = 1.017; p = 0.041) and education (exp[- 0.508] = 0.602; p = 0:029). The pseudo R2 of the model was 0.25. CONCLUSION The impact of anxiety on burnout symptoms and sick leave days might have been underestimated so far. A holistic approach in patient centered communication should comprise the evaluation of psychosomatic comorbidity under consideration of the established concepts of depression and anxiety disorder to ensure adequate diagnostic and therapeutic management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonius Schneider
- Institute of General Practice, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München; Institute of Psychological Methods and Diagnostics, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Faculty for Psychology, Pedagogy and Sport Science, University of Regensburg; Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München; Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Center for Internal Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee HJ, Son KL, Bang YR, Jeon HJ, Lee K, Yoon IY. The association between shift work-related sleep complaints and shift work intolerance. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-018-0178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
35
|
Hannerz H, Larsen AD, Garde AH. Long weekly working hours and ischaemic heart disease: a follow-up study among 145 861 randomly selected workers in Denmark. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019807. [PMID: 29909368 PMCID: PMC6009463 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to test if incidences of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and usage of antihypertensive drugs are independent of weekly working hours (WWH) among full-time employees in Denmark. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Data on WWH from participants of the Danish labour force surveys, 1999-2013, were linked on an individual level to national registers with data on socioeconomic status (SES), industry, emigrations, redeemed prescriptions, hospital contacts and deaths. Participants were followed until the end of 2014 (on average 7.7 years). Poisson regression was used to model incidence rates as a function of WWH. The analyses were controlled for calendar time, time passed since start of follow-up, employment in the healthcare industry, age, sex, SES and night work. RESULTS In total, we found 3635 cases of IHD and 20 648 cases of antihypertensive drug usage. The rate ratio of IHD was 0.95 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.06) for 41-48 compared with 32-40 WWH and 1.07 (0.94 to 1.21) for >48 compared with 32-40 WWH. The corresponding rate ratios for antihypertensive drug usage were 0.99 (0.95 to 1.04) and 1.02 (0.97 to 1.08). No statistically significant interactions between WWH and sex, SES and night work, respectively, were found. CONCLUSION In this Danish sample, we did not find any statistically significant association between WWH and IHD or antihypertensive drug usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hannerz
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Helene Garde
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang JW, Suh C, Lee CK, Son BC. The work-life balance and psychosocial well-being of South Korean workers. Ann Occup Environ Med 2018; 30:38. [PMID: 29928507 PMCID: PMC5989347 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-018-0250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is challenging to balance work and life, and little attention has been paid to the work–life balance and psychosocial well-being of South Koreans. We assessed the association between work–life balance and psychosocial well-being among paid Korean workers. Methods This study was based on data from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey. We evaluated only paid workers, which constituted 30,649 of the total of 50,007 subjects surveyed. Poor work–life balance was defined based on the goodness of fit between working hours and social commitments. Well-being was measured using the World Health Organization WHO-5 index. Poisson regression with robust variances was used to calculate the estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) with confidence intervals. Results Poor work–life balance was associated with poor psychosocial well-being (PR = 1.25; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.28) even after adjusting for work-related and individual characteristics. Poor well-being was associated with low-level job autonomy (PR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09), working for ≥53 h per week (PR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.14), blue-collar status (PR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.21), low-level support at work (PR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.36), age ≥ 50 years (PR = 1.21; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.26), the female gender (95% CI PR = 1.04; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07), and cohabitation (living with somebody) (PR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.12). Good well-being was associated with high-intensity work (PR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99), being the secondary earner in a household (PR = 0.82; 95% CI 0.79 to 0.85), and higher income (PR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.79). Conclusion Work–life balance was associated with psychosocial well-being after adjusting for both work-related and individual characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Hospital, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392 Republic of Korea
| | - Chunhui Suh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Hospital, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392 Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Kwan Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Hospital, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Son
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Hospital, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Grover S, Sahoo S, Bhalla A, Avasthi A. Psychological problems and burnout among medical professionals of a tertiary care hospital of North India: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Psychiatry 2018; 60:175-188. [PMID: 30166673 PMCID: PMC6102958 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_254_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing evidence of increased prevalence of psychological problems (stress, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse) and feelings of burnout among medical professionals all over the world and this has been shown to be associated with lapses in patient care. Data from India in this regard are limited. AIMS To assess the various psychological problems (depression, perceived stress, and burnout) among medical professionals working in a government-funded tertiary care institute of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online e-mail survey was carried out among resident doctors and faculty members (a total of 1721 doctors). A total of 445 doctors (response rate-27.69%) responded to the survey. The survey included Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, and Maslach Burnout Inventory. RESULTS Of the eligible 1607 participants, 445 responders, 376 (77.75%) were resident doctors and 69 (15.5%) were faculty. As per the PHQ-9, 30.1% of participants were found to have depression and 16.7% of participants reported suicidal ideations. About two-thirds of the sample experienced moderate level of stress (67.2%) and another 13% of participants reported high level of stress. More than 90% of the participants reported some level of burnout. Compared to faculty, higher proportion of the residents reported stress, depression, and burnout. Presence of depression, stress, or burnout was associated with lower indulgence in recreational activities, experiencing verbal or physical abuse in the hand of patients/caregivers, feelings that seniors do not show empathy toward patients, and seniors do not show empathy toward them. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that a significantly higher proportion of doctors in Indian setting experience stress, depression, and burnout. The presence of stress, depression, and burnout is associated with long working hours and negative patient-related outcomes, adverse doctor-patient interactions, and interpersonal interactions among the colleagues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Swapnajeet Sahoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Bhalla
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hannerz H, Soll-Johanning H. Working hours and all-cause mortality in relation to the EU Working Time Directive: a Danish cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hannerz
- Department of Epidemiology and surveillance, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Soll-Johanning
- Department of Epidemiology and surveillance, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ahn S. Working hours and depressive symptoms over 7 years: evidence from a Korean panel study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 91:273-283. [PMID: 29138936 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to examine how working hours influence depressive symptoms and the association between working hours and depressive symptoms differently across genders. METHOD The sample consists of salaried workers aged 25-64 years who participated in two consecutive waves of the seven-wave Korean Welfare Panel Study (2007-2013) (n = 6813 individuals, 27,986 observations) which is a survey of a nationally representative sample of the South Korean population. I apply logit regression and fixed-effects logit regression to examine the causal relation between (intra-)individual changes of working hours and depressive symptoms over a 7-year period. RESULTS Results from logit model and fixed-effects logit model show that less than 30 h of work per week and more than 60 h of work per week are associated with significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms. Sex-stratified analyses reveal that women who worked over 60 h per week were at increased risk of showing depressive symptoms compared with women who worked 30-40 h per week. No significant increase in depressive symptoms was seen in men who worked more than 60 h per week. However, men working less than 30 h per week are more likely to report higher levels of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that work arrangement affects the mental health of men and women differently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seoyeon Ahn
- National Pension Research Institute, 180 Giji-ro, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Andreeva E, Brenner MH, Theorell T, Goldberg M. Risk of psychological ill health and methods of organisational downsizing: a cross-sectional survey in four European countries. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:758. [PMID: 28962605 PMCID: PMC5622469 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The manner in which organizational downsizing is implemented can make a substantial difference as to whether the exposed workers will suffer from psychological ill health. Surprisingly, little research has directly investigated this issue. We examined the likelihood of psychological ill health associated with strategic and reactive downsizing. METHODS A cross-sectional survey included 1456 respondents from France, Sweden, Hungary and the United Kingdom: 681 employees in stable workplaces (reference group) and 775 workers from downsized companies. Reactive downsizing was exemplified by the exposures to compulsory redundancies of medium to large scale resulting in job loss or surviving a layoff while staying employed in downsized organizations. The workforce exposed to strategic downsizing was represented by surplus employees who were internally redeployed and supported through their career change process within a policy context of "no compulsory redundancy". Symptoms of anxiety, depression and emotional exhaustion were assessed in telephone interviews with brief subscales from Hospital Anxiety Scale (HADS-A), Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-CD6) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS). Data were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS We observed no increased risk of psychological ill health in the case of strategic downsizing. The number of significant associations with psychological ill health was the largest for the large-scale reactive downsizing: surviving a layoff was consistently associated with all three outcome measures; returning to work after the job loss experience was related to anxiety and depression, while persons still unemployed at interview had elevated odds of anxiety. After reactive medium-scale downsizing, unemployment at interview was the only exposure associated with anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS The manner in which organizational downsizing is implemented can be important for the psychological wellbeing of workers. If downsizing is unavoidable, it should be achieved strategically. Greater attention is needed to employment and health policies supporting the workers after reactive downsizing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Andreeva
- Centre for Applied Rehabilitation Research, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - M Harvey Brenner
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Töres Theorell
- Institute for Stress Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, UMS, 11, Villejuif, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nakata A. Long working hours, job satisfaction, and depressive symptoms: a community-based cross-sectional study among Japanese employees in small- and medium-scale businesses. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53041-53052. [PMID: 28881792 PMCID: PMC5581091 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although long working hours have been suspected to be a risk factor for depressive symptoms (DS), it is not well understood the conditions under which long working hours are associated with it. This study investigated the moderating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between working hours and DS. A total of 2,375 full-time non-shift day workers (73% men), aged 18-79 (mean 45) years, in 296 small- and medium-scale businesses were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire evaluating working hours, job satisfaction, DS and covariates. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) was used to assess DS. Risk of DS (CES-D ≥ 16) by working hours, job satisfaction, and both combined was estimated by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Compared to participants working 6-8 hrs/day, those working 12+ hrs/day had significantly higher odds of DS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.49), while participants with low satisfaction, as opposed to high satisfaction, had increased odds of DS (aOR 1.81). Furthermore, compared to those working 6-8 hrs/day with high satisfaction (reference group), participants working 6-8 hrs/day, > 8 to 10 hrs/day, and > 10 hrs/day combined with low satisfaction had dose-response increase of DS (aOR 1.48, 2.21 and 2.31, respectively, p < 0.05), whereas those working > 8 to 10 hrs/day and > 10 hrs/day combined with high satisfaction had not (aOR 0.93 and 1.39, respectively, p > 0.10). The results suggest that long working hours are associated with increased risk of DS only under reduced job satisfaction condition, which highlights the importance of improving job satisfaction, particularly among those working excessive hours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Nakata
- School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Andrade JM, Assunção AA, Abreu MNS. Long working hours in the healthcare system of the Belo Horizonte municipality, Brazil: a population-based cross-sectional survey. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2017; 15:30. [PMID: 28431553 PMCID: PMC5399831 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-017-0203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health personnel are key players in developing and improving healthcare systems, caring for individuals and their communities, and helping improve quality of life. However, these professionals are often exposed to long working hours because of the pressing need for their services at potentially any time of day. The long working hours they endure are a major risk factor for both acute and chronic health problems. The present study aimed to analyze occurrences of long working hours and their association with individual characteristics and employment factors among workers in the municipal healthcare system in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a ramdomly selected proportional sample of 1549 participants was analyzed from among the total of 13 602 workers in the Belo Horizonte municipal healthcare system in 2009. "Long" working hours were defined as >44 h/week. A self-administered questionnaire was used for accumulating data. Associations with outcomes were estimated using logistic regression, in univariate and multivariate models. RESULTS The rate of occurrence of long working hours was 31.4% (95% CI 29.1-33.7). Lower educational level (high school, technical, or uncompleted undergraduate [OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.47-0.78 p < 0.001], or elementary [OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.19-0.55 p < 0.001]) was associated with a lower likelihood of self-reporting long working hours in relation to the group with the highest educational level (completed undergraduate or postgraduate). Male sex (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.26-2.09 p < 0.001), having children (PR 1.54, 95% CI 1.20-1.97 p = 0.001), and being in the healthcare provider group (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.40-2.35 p < 0.001) were factors associated with greater likelihood of long working hours. CONCLUSIONS It was observed that number of long weekly working hours was related to individual characteristics and employment factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M. Andrade
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ada A. Assunção
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mery N. S. Abreu
- Department of Applied Nursing, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Marchand A, Haines VY, Harvey S, Dextras-Gauthier J, Durand P. Health and Stress Management and Mental-health Disability Claims. Stress Health 2016; 32:569-577. [PMID: 26644043 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the associations between health and stress management (HSM) practices and mental-health disability claims. Data from the Salveo study was collected during 2009-2012 within 60 workplaces nested in 37 companies located in Canada (Quebec) and insured by a large insurance company. In each company, 1 h interviews were conducted with human resources managers in order to obtain data on 63 HSM practices. Companies and workplaces were sorted into the low-claims and high-claims groups according to the median rate of the population of the insurer's corporate clients. Logistic regression adjusted for design effect and multidimensional scaling was used to analyse the data. After controlling for company size and economic sector, task design, demands control, gratifications, physical activity and work-family balance were associated with low mental-health disability claims rates. Further analyses revealed three company profiles that were qualified as laissez-faire, integrated and partially integrated approaches to HSM. Of the three, the integrated profile was associated with low mental-health disability claims rates. The results of this study provide evidence-based guidance for a better control of mental-health disability claims. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Marchand
- School of Industrial Relations, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Victor Y Haines
- School of Industrial Relations, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steve Harvey
- John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Dextras-Gauthier
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Durand
- School of Industrial Relations, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sohn M, Choi M, Jung M. Working conditions, psychosocial environmental factors, and depressive symptoms among wage workers in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2016; 22:209-217. [PMID: 27373792 DOI: 10.1080/10773525.2016.1200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In South Korea, the number of workers suffering from mental illnesses, such as depression, has rapidly increased. There is growing concern about depressive symptoms being associated with both working conditions and psychosocial environmental factors. OBJECTIVES To investigate potential psychosocial environmental moderators in the relationship between working conditions and occupational depressive symptoms among wage workers. METHODS Data were obtained from the wage worker respondents (n = 4,095) of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2009. First, chi-square tests confirmed the differences in working conditions and psychosocial characteristics between depressive and non-depressive groups. Second, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the moderating effects of the psychosocial environmental factors between working conditions and depressive symptoms. RESULTS After adjusting for potential covariates, the likelihood of depressive symptomatology was high among respondents who had dangerous jobs and flexible work hours compared to those who had standard jobs and fixed daytime work hours (OR = 1.66 and 1.59, respectively). Regarding psychosocial factors, respondents with high job demands, low job control, and low social support were more likely to have depressive symptoms (OR = 1.26, 1.58 and 1.61, respectively). CONCLUSIONS There is a need to develop non-occupational intervention programs, which provide workers with training about workplace depression and improve social support, and the programs should provide time for employees to have active communication. Additionally, companies should provide employees with support to access mental healthcare thereby decreasing the occurrence of workplace depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minsung Sohn
- a Department of Public Health Sciences , Graduate School of Korea University , Seoul , South Korea.,b BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction , Korea University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Mankyu Choi
- a Department of Public Health Sciences , Graduate School of Korea University , Seoul , South Korea.,b BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction , Korea University , Seoul , South Korea.,c School of Health Policy & Management , Korea University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Minsoo Jung
- d Department of Health Science , Dongduk Women's University , Seoul , South Korea.,e Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hannerz H, Larsen AD, Garde AH. Working Time Arrangements as Potential Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease Among Workers in Denmark: A Study Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2016; 5:e130. [PMID: 27335284 PMCID: PMC4935794 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.5563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has long been suspected that a worker's risk of developing an ischemic heart disease (IHD) may be influenced by his or her working time arrangements. A multitude of studies have been performed, and special attention has been given to long working hours and nighttime work. The statistical powers of the individual studies have, however, generally been too low to either dismiss or confirm an actual relationship, and meta-analyses of underpowered studies are generally associated with publication bias. Hence, uncertainty remains and whether these factors indeed are related to IHD has yet to be settled. OBJECTIVE This project will test whether the incidences of IHD and usage of antihypertensive drugs among employees in Denmark are independent of weekly working hours and nighttime work. The objective of this paper is to present the intended analyses. METHODS We will link individual participant data from the Danish labor force survey, 1999-2013, to data on socioeconomic status, industry, emigrations, redeemed prescriptions, hospitalizations, and deaths from registers covering the entire population of Denmark. The study will include approximately 160,000 participants, who will be followed through the registers, from the time of the interview until the end of 2014, for first occurrence of IHD and for antihypertensive drug treatment. We will use Poisson regression to analyze incidence rates as a function of nighttime work and of weekly working hours. RESULTS We expect results to be ready in mid-2017. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this will be the largest study ever of its kind. It will, moreover, be free from hindsight bias, since the hypotheses, inclusion criteria, significance levels, and statistical models will be completely defined and published before we are allowed to link the exposure data to the outcome data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hannerz
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang L, Seo J. Held captive in the office: an investigation into long working hours among Korean employees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2016.1192053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- School of Business Administration, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Seo
- Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gloria CT, Steinhardt MA. Relationships Among Positive Emotions, Coping, Resilience and Mental Health. Stress Health 2016; 32:145-56. [PMID: 24962138 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions suggests that positive emotions can widen the range of potential coping strategies that come to mind and subsequently enhance one's resilience against stress. Studies have shown that high stress, especially chronic levels of stress, strongly contributes to the development of anxiety and depressive symptoms. However, researchers have also found that individuals who possess high levels of resilience are protected from stress and thus report lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Using a sample of 200 postdoctoral research fellows, the present study examined if (a) positive emotions were associated with greater resilience, (b) coping strategies mediated the link between positive emotions and resilience and (c) resilience moderated the influence of stress on trait anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results support the broaden-and-build theory in that positive emotions may enhance resilience directly as well as indirectly through the mediating role of coping strategies-particularly via adaptive coping. Resilience also moderated the association of stress with trait anxiety and depressive symptoms. Although stress is unavoidable and its influences on anxiety and depressive symptoms are undeniable, the likelihood of postdocs developing anxiety or depressive symptoms may be reduced by implementing programmes designed to increase positive emotions, adaptive coping strategies and resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian T Gloria
- Department of Health Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Mary A Steinhardt
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cho SS, Ki M, Kim KH, Ju YS, Paek D, Lee W. Working hours and self-rated health over 7 years: gender differences in a Korean longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1287. [PMID: 26701111 PMCID: PMC4690406 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the association between long working hours and self-rated health (SRH), examining the roles of potential confounding and mediating factors, such as job characteristics. Methods Data were pooled from seven waves (2005–2011) of the Korean Labour and Income Panel Study. A total of 1578 workers who consecutively participated in all seven study years were available for analysis. A generalized estimating equation for repeated measures with binary outcome was used to examine the association between working hours (five categories; 20–35, 36–40, 41–52, 53–68 and ≥69 h) and SRH (two categories; poor and good health), considering possible confounders and serial correlation. Results Associations between working hours and SRH were observed among women, but only for the category of the shortest working hours among men. The associations with the category of shortest working hours among men and women disappeared after adjustment for socioeconomic factors. Among women, though not men, working longer than standard hours (36–40 h) showed a linear association with poor health; OR = 1.41 (95 % CI = 1.08–1.84) for 52–68 working hours and OR = 2.11 (95 % CI = 1.42–3.12) for ≥69 working hours. This association persisted after serial adjustments. However, it was substantially attenuated with the addition of socioeconomic factors (e.g., OR = 1.66 (95 % CI = 1.07–2.57)) but only slightly attenuated with further adjustment for behavioural factors (e.g., OR = 1.63 (95 % CI = 1.05–2.53)). The associations with job satisfaction were significant for men and women. Conclusions The worsening of SRH with increasing working hours only among women suggests that female workers are more vulnerable to long working hours because of family responsibilities in addition to their workload. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2641-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Sik Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, 82 Gukweondae-ro Chungju, Chungbuk, South Korea.
| | - Myung Ki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 143-5, Yongdu-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Keun-Hoe Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Cheongju Medical Center, 48 Heungdeok-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju city, Chungbuk, South Korea.
| | - Young-Su Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Kyeonggi, South Korea.
| | - Domyung Paek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Wonyun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 143-5, Yongdu-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim JY, Chae CH, Kim YO, Son JS, Kim JH, Kim CW, Park HO, Lee JH, Kwon SI. The relationship between quality of sleep and night shift rotation interval. Ann Occup Environ Med 2015; 27:31. [PMID: 26688731 PMCID: PMC4683722 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-015-0084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift work is closely related with workers' health. In particular, sleep is thought to be affected by shift work. In addition, shift work has been reported to be associated with the type or direction of shift rotation, number of consecutive night shifts, and number of off-duty days. We aimed to analyze the association between the night shift rotation interval and the quality of sleep reported by Korean female shift workers. METHODS In total, 2,818 female shift workers from the manufacturing industry who received an employee physical examination at a single university hospital from January to August in 2014 were included. Subjects were classified into three groups (A, B, and C) by their night shift rotation interval. The quality of sleep was measured using the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive analysis, univariate logistic regression, and multivariate logistic regression were performed. RESULTS With group A as the reference, the odds ratio (OR) for having a seriously low quality of sleep was 1.456 (95% CI 1.171-1.811) and 2.348 (95% CI 1.852-2.977) for groups B and C, respectively. Thus, group C with the shortest night shift rotation interval was most likely to have a low quality of sleep. After adjustment for age, obesity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise, being allowed to sleep during night shifts, work experience, and shift work experience, groups B and C had ORs of 1.419 (95% CI 1.134-1.777) and 2.238 (95% CI 1.737-2.882), respectively, compared to group A. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that a shorter night shift rotation interval does not provide enough recovery time to adjust the circadian rhythm, resulting in a low quality of sleep. Because shift work is influenced by many different factors, future studies should aim to determine the most optimal shift work model and collect accurate, prospective data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Youn Kim
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 158, Paryong-ro, Changwon-si, 51353 Gyeongsangnam-do Korea (Republic)
| | - Chang Ho Chae
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 158, Paryong-ro, Changwon-si, 51353 Gyeongsangnam-do Korea (Republic)
| | - Young Ouk Kim
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 158, Paryong-ro, Changwon-si, 51353 Gyeongsangnam-do Korea (Republic)
| | - Jun Seok Son
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 158, Paryong-ro, Changwon-si, 51353 Gyeongsangnam-do Korea (Republic)
| | - Ja Hyun Kim
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 158, Paryong-ro, Changwon-si, 51353 Gyeongsangnam-do Korea (Republic)
| | - Chan Woo Kim
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 158, Paryong-ro, Changwon-si, 51353 Gyeongsangnam-do Korea (Republic)
| | - Hyoung Ouk Park
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 158, Paryong-ro, Changwon-si, 51353 Gyeongsangnam-do Korea (Republic)
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 158, Paryong-ro, Changwon-si, 51353 Gyeongsangnam-do Korea (Republic)
| | - Sun Il Kwon
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, 158, Paryong-ro, Changwon-si, 51353 Gyeongsangnam-do Korea (Republic)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hong S, Jeong H, Heo Y, Chun H, Park J, Kim D. Factors associated with health-related quality of life in Korean older workers. Ann Occup Environ Med 2015; 27:25. [PMID: 26623075 PMCID: PMC4663739 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-015-0077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The prevalence of aged individuals in the Korean workforce continues to increase. This research determined the health and working conditions of Korean older wage workers and confirmed the effects of factors on the health-related quality of life of Korean older workers. Methods Of the 25,534 persons surveyed in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1368 older (>55 years of age) wage workers without missing variables were selected. Their general characteristics, health status (cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease, and mental health), working conditions (type of occupation, employment status, full- or part-time work, weekly average working hours, and shift work), and health-related quality of life assessed by the EQ-5D questionnaire were examined. Results The mean values of the EQ-5D index of the male and female older workers were 0.956 ± 0.087 and 0.917 ± 0.124, respectively (p < 0.001). The factors that caused statistically significant differences in the EQ-5D index for all subjects were age, education, household income, cerebro-cardiovascular event, osteoarthritis, musculoskeletal pain, stress, occupation type, employment status, and working hours. In logistic regression analysis, the factors that associated with perceived problems in each EQ-5D dimensions were age, musculoskeletal pain, stress, diabetes, smoking, occupation type, employment status, and working hours. Conclusions To eventually raise the quality of life of older workers through health maintenance and management, it is necessary to manage related factors that include of musculoskeletal pain and diseases, stress, diabetes, smoking, occupation, employment status, and working hours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Hong
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Korea University Hosipital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggido Republic of Korea
| | - Harin Jeong
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Korea University Hosipital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggido Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeong Heo
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Korea University Hosipital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggido Republic of Korea
| | - Hosun Chun
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Korea University Hosipital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggido Republic of Korea
| | - Jongtae Park
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Korea University Hosipital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggido Republic of Korea
| | - Daeseong Kim
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Korea University Hosipital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggido Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|