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Nakayama JY, Van Dyke ME, Quinn TD, Whitfield GP. Association Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Occupation Activity Level, National Health Interview Survey-United States, 2020. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:375-383. [PMID: 38423004 PMCID: PMC10965361 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity for any purpose counts toward meeting Physical Activity Guidelines (PAG). However, national surveillance systems traditionally focus on leisure-time physical activity. There is an incomplete understanding of the association between meeting PAG in leisure time and occupation activity level among US workers. METHODS We used cross-sectional 2020 National Health Interview Survey data to examine US adults aged 18-64 years who worked the week before the survey (n = 14,814). We estimated the proportion meeting aerobic and muscle-strengthening PAG in leisure time by occupation activity level (low, intermediate, and high). Using logistic regression, we examined the association between meeting PAG in leisure time and occupation activity level, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and stratified by hours worked. We compared the sociodemographic characteristics of adults working ≥40 hours (the previous week) in high-activity occupations to those in low- or intermediate-activity occupations. RESULTS Adults working in high-activity occupations were less likely to meet PAG in leisure time (26.1% [24.3-28.1]) versus those in low-activity (30.6% [29.1-32.2], P < .01) or intermediate-activity (32.4% [30.8-34.2]) occupations. In stratified, adjusted models, adults working ≥40 hours in low- and intermediate-activity occupations were 13% and 20%, respectively, more likely to meet PAG in leisure time versus those in high-activity occupations. Among those working ≥40 hours, adults in high-activity occupations were more likely to be Hispanic or Latino, male, younger, and have a high school education or lower compared with those in less active occupations. CONCLUSION Traditional surveillance may underestimate meeting PAG among people working in high-activity occupations, potentially disproportionately affecting certain groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Y Nakayama
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Miriam E Van Dyke
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tyler D Quinn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Geoffrey P Whitfield
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Scardina A, Tabacchi G, Thomas E, Navarra GA, Petrigna L, Caramazza G, Palma A, Bellafiore M. Relationship between Lifestyle Determinants and Perceived Mental and Physical Health in Italian Nursery and Primary School Teachers after the COVID-19 Lockdown. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:33. [PMID: 38390933 PMCID: PMC10885123 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown and the consequent distance school learning made epochal changes in children's lifestyles; however, little is known about the lockdown effects on school teacher habits. The aim of this observational study is to examine differences in the lifestyle of nursery (NS) and primary (PS) school teachers after one of the COVID-19 lockdowns and investigate the relationship between perceived physical/mental health and demographics, weight status and lifestyle determinants, such as adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and physical activity level (PAL). A total sample of 265 participants (49.22 ± 6.95 years) filled out an online information questionnaire and standardized questionnaires to collect data on the Physical Component Summary (PCS), Mental Component Summary (MCS), PAL and MD-adherence. A t-test or ANOVA analysis was used to assess differences between quantitative variables: Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis tests for qualitative variables. Spearman's correlations and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to identify categorical factors associated with classes of PCS and MCS. Teachers showed sufficient/high PAL, with a significantly higher level in the PS group (p < 0.05). This last showed a higher PCS score (p < 0.05). No differences between groups were found for MD-adherence, which was moderate/fair in both groups, and MCS, which was sufficient/good. Logistic regression showed that the only positive predictor of a high PCS was being physically active (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.05-4.2, p < 0.05), while MCS was positively associated with normal weight status (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.33-0.78, p = 0.020). This study highlights that PS teachers are more active than the NS group and perceive a higher physical health level. Mere predictors of physical and mental well-being are PA practice and being normal weight, respectively. This suggests that interventions to improve perceived health in this work category should be focused on the promotion of physical activity practice and on the maintenance of an optimal weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Scardina
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Garden Tabacchi
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Angelo Navarra
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Petrigna
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caramazza
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
- Regional School Office of Sicily (USR Sicilia), 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Bellafiore
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy
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Hidaka T, Kakamu T, Endo S, Masuishi Y, Kasuga H, Hata A, Miura R, Funayama Y, Tajimi K, Fukushima T. Associations of endurance, muscle strength, and balanced exercise with subjective sleep quality in sedentary workers: A cross-sectional study. Work 2024; 78:761-770. [PMID: 38160388 PMCID: PMC11307032 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal exercise combination for improving sleep quality among sedentary workers is unclear. OBJECTIVE To reveal what combination of exercises contributes to good sleep quality. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 5,201 sedentary workers who underwent health examinations in 2019. Data on sleep quality, basic attributes, energy expenditure, and lifestyle aspects such as exercise and physical activity, supper time close to bedtime, and alcohol intake were obtained. The subjects reported their exercise habits by selecting up to three forms of exercise from a list of 182 options, which were classified into three types: endurance (e.g., jogging), muscle strength (e.g., bench pressing), and balanced types which combined both endurance and muscle strength characteristics. (e.g., walking). These forms were then categorized into eight combination patterns: endurance only; muscle strength only; balanced only; endurance and muscle strength; endurance and balanced; muscle strength and balanced; all types; and absence of any exercise habits. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the exercise combination patterns and sleep quality. RESULTS Good sleep quality was significantly associated with "endurance" (OR = 1.419; 95% CI 1.110-1.814), "balanced only" (OR = 1.474; 95% CI 1.248-1.741), and "endurance and balance" (OR = 1.782; 95% CI 1.085-2.926) exercise patterns. No significant associations were found between the combinations that included muscle strength exercises and sleep quality. CONCLUSION The endurance or balanced-type exercises, or a combination of both, may help to improve the sleep quality of sedentary workers as part of occupational health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Hidaka
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Kakamu
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shota Endo
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Masuishi
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kasuga
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Hata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Rieko Miura
- Koriyama Health Promotion Foundation, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | | | - Tetsuhito Fukushima
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Shreves AH, Small SR, Walmsley R, Chan S, Saint-Maurice PF, Moore SC, Papier K, Gaitskell K, Travis RC, Matthews CE, Doherty A. Amount and intensity of physical activity and risk of incident cancer in the UK Biobank. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.04.23299386. [PMID: 38168300 PMCID: PMC10760289 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.23299386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Importance The influence of total daily and light intensity activity on cancer risk remains unclear, as most existing knowledge is drawn from studies relying on self-reported leisure-time activities of moderate-vigorous intensity. Objective To investigate associations between total daily activity, including step counts, and activity intensity on incident cancer risk. Design Setting and Participants Prospective analysis of cancer-free UK Biobank participants who wore accelerometers for 7-days (between 2013-2015), followed for cancer incidence through national registries (mean follow-up 5.8 years (SD=1.3)). Exposures Time-series machine learning models derived daily total activity (average acceleration), behaviour time, step counts, and peak 30-minute cadence from wrist-based accelerometer data. Main Outcomes and Measures A composite cancer outcome of 13 cancers previously associated with low physical activity (bladder, breast, colon, endometrial, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia, head and neck, kidney, liver, lung, myeloid leukaemia, myeloma, and rectum) based on previous studies of self-reported activity. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol, education, Townsend Deprivation Index, and reproductive factors. Associations of reducing sedentary time in favour of increased light and moderate-vigorous activity were examined using compositional data analyses. Results Among 86 556 participants (mean age 62.0 years (SD=7.9) at accelerometer assessment), 2 669 cancers occurred. Higher total physical activity was associated with a lower overall cancer risk (HR1SD=0.85, [95%CI 0.81-0.89]). On average, reallocating one hour/day from sedentary behaviour to moderate-vigorous physical activity was associated with a lower risk (HR=0.92, [0.89-0.95]), as was reallocating one hour/day to light-intensity physical activity (HR=0.94, [0.92-0.96]). Compared to individuals taking 5 000 daily steps, those who took 9 000 steps had an 18% lower risk of physical-activity-related cancer (HR=0.82, [0.74-0.90]). We found no significant association with peak 30-minute cadence after adjusting for total steps. Conclusion and Relevance Higher total daily physical activity and less sedentary time, in favour of both light and moderate-vigorous intensity activity, were associated with a lower risk of certain cancers. For less active adults, increasing step counts by 4 000 daily steps may be a practical public health intervention for lowering the risk of some cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina H. Shreves
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott R. Small
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosemary Walmsley
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shing Chan
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pedro F. Saint-Maurice
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Breast Cancer Unit, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Steven C. Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keren Papier
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kezia Gaitskell
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles E. Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aiden Doherty
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Moore CC, Cuthbertson CC, Sotres-Alvarez D, Castaneda SF, Cordero C, Daviglus ML, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Perreira KM, Evenson KR. Step-Based Metrics and Translations of Physical Activity Guidelines among Adults in the HCHS/SOL. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1423-1433. [PMID: 36989532 PMCID: PMC10859910 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a cross-sectional sample of US Hispanic/Latino adults, we aimed to describe step-based metric distributions, estimate their associations with activity counts and self-report, and calibrate step-based translations of current (2018) US physical activity (PA) guidelines, that is, ≥150 min·wk -1 moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) from accelerometer counts and self-report. METHODS The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos enrolled 16,415 Hispanic/Latino adults 18-74 yr from four US cities (2008-2011). Participants completed the Global PA Questionnaire and 1 wk of Actical accelerometer wear ( n = 12,528). Weighted medians were used to describe step-based metrics, and Spearman correlations estimated their relationships with count-based and self-reported PA indicators. Receiver operator characteristic curve analyses were used to examine the ability of each step-based metric to classify participants meeting PA guidelines. RESULTS Overall, US Hispanic/Latino adults accumulated medians of 6770 steps per day and 6, 18, 236, and 630 min·d -1 at ≥100, ≥70, 1-69, and 0 steps per minute, respectively. Count-based time in MVPA, light PA, and sedentary behavior were most strongly correlated ( rs = 0.79-0.85) with times ≥70, 1-69, and 0 steps per minute, respectively, whereas self-reported MVPA had similar correlations with steps per day and times ≥40 and ≥70 steps per minute ( rs = 0.28-0.29). Time ≥70 steps per minute had the greatest capacity to classify participants meeting PA guidelines with both measures of MVPA. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first normative values (based on percentiles) of step-based metrics for US Hispanic/Latino adults, which can facilitate surveillance, program planning, research, and data interpretation. Our finding that PA guidelines corresponded to 6000-7000 steps per day or ~20 min·d -1 at ≥70 steps per minute with an Actical accelerometer can be considered alongside dose-response relationships with health outcomes to develop step-based recommendations that are consistent with and better communicate PA guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Carmen C. Cuthbertson
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | - Martha L. Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Krista M. Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kelly R. Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Barati Jozan MM, Ghorbani BD, Khalid MS, Lotfata A, Tabesh H. Impact assessment of e-trainings in occupational safety and health: a literature review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1187. [PMID: 37340453 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implementing workplace preventive interventions reduces occupational accidents and injuries, as well as the negative consequences of those accidents and injuries. Online occupational safety and health training is one of the most effective preventive interventions. This study aims to present current knowledge on e-training interventions, make recommendations on the flexibility, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness of online training, and identify research gaps and obstacles. METHOD All studies that addressed occupational safety and health e-training interventions designed to address worker injuries, accidents, and diseases were chosen from PubMed and Scopus until 2021. Two independent reviewers conducted the screening process for titles, abstracts, and full texts, and disagreements on the inclusion or exclusion of an article were resolved by consensus and, if necessary, by a third reviewer. The included articles were analyzed and synthesized using the constant comparative analysis method. RESULT The search identified 7,497 articles and 7,325 unique records. Following the title, abstract, and full-text screening, 25 studies met the review criteria. Of the 25 studies, 23 were conducted in developed and two in developing countries. The interventions were carried out on either the mobile platform, the website platform, or both. The study designs and the number of outcomes of the interventions varied significantly (multi-outcomes vs. single-outcome). Obesity, hypertension, neck/shoulder pain, office ergonomics issues, sedentary behaviors, heart disease, physical inactivity, dairy farm injuries, nutrition, respiratory problems, and diabetes were all addressed in the articles. CONCLUSION According to the findings of this literature study, e-trainings can significantly improve occupational safety and health. E-training is adaptable, affordable, and can increase workers' knowledge and abilities, resulting in fewer workplace injuries and accidents. Furthermore, e-training platforms can assist businesses in tracking employee development and ensuring that training needs are completed. Overall, this analysis reveals that e-training has enormous promise in the field of occupational safety and health for both businesses and employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Barati Jozan
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Md Saifuddin Khalid
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aynaz Lotfata
- School Of Veterinary Medicine, Department Of Veterinary Pathology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Hamed Tabesh
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ekkekakis P, Vallance J, Wilson PM, Ewing Garber C. Extraordinary claims in the literature on high-intensity interval training (HIIT): III. Critical analysis of four foundational arguments from an interdisciplinary lens. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 66:102399. [PMID: 37665861 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinesiology aspires to be an integrated, interdisciplinary field that studies human movement from multiple perspectives. However, the main societal deliverables of the field, namely exercise prescriptions and physical activity recommendations, still reflect fragmentation, placing more emphasis on physiological outcomes than on behavioral and other considerations. Recently, researchers have called for the introduction of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) to the domain of public health, based on the argument that HIIT can maximize fitness and health benefits for a fraction of the time recommended by the prevailing model of physical activity in public-health guidelines. Here, we show that an unintended side-effect of arguments underpinning the implementation of HIIT in the domain of public health might have been the exacerbation of segmentation. To highlight the value of interdisciplinarity, four foundational claims in support of HIIT are critiqued by tapping into cognate literatures: (1) the primary reason people do not exercise is lack of time, (2) HIIT is relevant to public health, (3) HIIT is being proposed as merely another option, so there is no basis for controversy, and (4) HIIT is safe and well tolerated. These claims are contradicted by credible lines of evidence. To improve the accuracy and effectiveness of its public claims, kinesiology should remain committed to the ideals of integration and interdisciplinarity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff Vallance
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Canada
| | | | - Carol Ewing Garber
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, USA
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Validation of the 24-hour perceived exertion recall survey (PERS) in women in rural Tigray, Ethiopia. Curr Dev Nutr 2023. [PMID: 37547061 PMCID: PMC10401292 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity affects nutritional status and health. Currently, there are few validated survey tools for estimating physical activity in rural areas of low-income countries, including Ethiopia, which limits the ability of researchers to assess how physical activity affects nutritional status. Objectives This study used accelerometry to validate 2 in-person questionnaires, the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) and the 24-h perceived exertion recall survey (PERS). Methods This study recruited 180 women aged between 18 and 45 y living in rural Tigray, Ethiopia. Participants had previously participated in an impact evaluation of a public work safety net. They wore an accelerometer for 8 d and responded to perceived exertion questionnaires twice. Data were collected on 89 women during the short rainy period and 91 women during the main rainy season. A survey method was considered valid if the proportion of time spent in moderate or vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels had a Pearson's correlation coefficient of >0.40 to the proportion of time spent in MVPA recorded by accelerometry. Results The GPAQ had high reliability, but the overall validity was poorer than accelerometry. The proportion of time spent in MVPA according to the accelerometer was associated with discordance between GPAQ and accelerometry. MVPA levels, as measured by the 24-h PERS, had a fair agreement with accelerometry. The agreement increased to moderate/acceptable when adjusted for season and BMI. Conclusions The 24-h PERS is a valid tool for estimating the physical activity of women living in rural highland Ethiopia. It can be used in future research to understand the physical activity demands of living in rural highland Ethiopia, enabling more targeted programs to address undernutrition.
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Salerno EA, Saint-Maurice PF, Wan F, Peterson LL, Park Y, Cao Y, Duncan RP, Troiano RP, Matthews CE. Prospective associations between accelerometry-derived physical activity and sedentary behaviors and mortality among cancer survivors. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2023; 7:pkad007. [PMID: 36786414 PMCID: PMC10038185 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival benefits of self-reported recreational physical activity (PA) during cancer survivorship are well-documented in common cancer types, yet there are limited data on the associations between accelerometer-derived PA of all domains, sedentary behavior, and mortality in large, diverse cohorts of cancer survivors. METHODS Participants included adults who reported a cancer diagnosis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and wore an accelerometer for up to 7 days in 2003-2006. Participants were followed for subsequent mortality through 2015. We examined the association of light PA, moderate to vigorous PA, total PA, and sedentary behavior, with all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for demographics and health indicators. RESULTS A total of 480 participants (mean age of 68.8 years [SD = 12.4] at the time of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey assessment) reported a history of cancer. A total of 215 deaths occurred over the follow-up period. For every 1-h/d increase in light PA and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), cancer survivors had 49% (HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.76) and 37% (HR = 0.63 , 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.99) lower hazards of all-cause mortality, respectively. Total PA demonstrated similar associations with statistically significantly lower hazards of death for each additional hour per day (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.85), as did every metabolic equivalents of task-hour per day increase in total PA estimations of energy expenditure (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82 to 0.95). Conversely, more sedentary time (1 h/d) was not associated with statistically significantly higher hazards (HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.94 to 1.23). CONCLUSIONS These findings reinforce the current recommendations for cancer survivors to be physically active and underscore the continued need for widespread PA promotion for long-term survival in older cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Salerno
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pedro F Saint-Maurice
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Fei Wan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lindsay L Peterson
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan P Duncan
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard P Troiano
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Felgueiras F, Mourão Z, Moreira A, Gabriel MF. A systematic review of ventilation conditions and airborne particulate matter levels in urban offices. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13148. [PMID: 36437647 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many working activities are carried out in office buildings that are located in urban areas. Several studies have shown that these workplaces are likely to present poor indoor environmental quality (IEQ) due to inadequate ventilation rates, compromised thermal comfort conditions, and/or high concentration of air pollutants, such as particulate matter. This study aimed to review ventilation conditions, based on carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentrations, and indoor airborne particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10 ) levels assessed in offices worldwide. The approach carried out in this work followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Six databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Inspec, Science Direct, and Dimensions) were used to search for peer-reviewed articles on the subject of IEQ, in particular, those reporting data for the levels of CO2 and particulate matter in offices, published during the last decade. Firstly, 394 records were identified, resulting in 23 articles included in the review after the screening process and the implementation of eligibility criteria. Based on the results and considering the mean concentration reported, office environments present, in general, acceptable ventilation conditions (mean: 665 ppm). However, the few cases of studies that reported CO2 values exceeding 1000 ppm identified situations of high occupancy density and inadequate operation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems as the unequivocal causative factors. In turn, PM2.5 and PM10 seemed to be IEQ parameters that are even more critical to be tackled in offices, with the reported overall mean values (36 and 63 μg/m3 ) exceeding the current World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (15 and 45 μg/m3 ). The highest aerosol concentrations were typically found in naturally ventilated buildings and were mostly associated with the influence of high levels of particles introduced indoors through the outdoor air. Overall, measures for improving IEQ in offices toward promoting healthy and safe environments for workers include strategies to periodically control IEQ, ensure the adequate percentage of fresh air and maintenance of the mechanical ventilation systems (operation, maintenance, and air filtration efficiency), and adjust occupancy to the room dimensions and ventilation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Felgueiras
- LAETA - INEGI, Associated Laboratory for Energy and Aeronautics, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Zenaida Mourão
- INESC TEC, Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Fonseca Gabriel
- LAETA - INEGI, Associated Laboratory for Energy and Aeronautics, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal
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11
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A walk in the wild helps to tailor robotic leg exoskeletons. Nature 2022; 610:260-261. [PMID: 36224410 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-03175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Slade P, Kochenderfer MJ, Delp SL, Collins SH. Personalizing exoskeleton assistance while walking in the real world. Nature 2022; 610:277-282. [PMID: 36224415 PMCID: PMC9556303 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Personalized exoskeleton assistance provides users with the largest improvements in walking speed1 and energy economy2-4 but requires lengthy tests under unnatural laboratory conditions. Here we show that exoskeleton optimization can be performed rapidly and under real-world conditions. We designed a portable ankle exoskeleton based on insights from tests with a versatile laboratory testbed. We developed a data-driven method for optimizing exoskeleton assistance outdoors using wearable sensors and found that it was equally effective as laboratory methods, but identified optimal parameters four times faster. We performed real-world optimization using data collected during many short bouts of walking at varying speeds. Assistance optimized during one hour of naturalistic walking in a public setting increased self-selected speed by 9 ± 4% and reduced the energy used to travel a given distance by 17 ± 5% compared with normal shoes. This assistance reduced metabolic energy consumption by 23 ± 8% when participants walked on a treadmill at a standard speed of 1.5 m s-1. Human movements encode information that can be used to personalize assistive devices and enhance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Slade
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mykel J Kochenderfer
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Scott L Delp
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven H Collins
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Yun I, Jeung J, Kim Y, Song Y, Chung Y. Ultra-Low-Power Wearable Vibration Sensor with Highly Accurate Embedded Classifier. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:2451-2454. [PMID: 36086454 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the power consumption of wearable sensors is a very important issue in relation to the device usage time and form factor. However, continuous wireless communication to analyze the measured signal in real-time significantly increases the power consumption of the wearable sensor. In this study, we propose a wearable vibration sensor that operates with extremely low power through an embedded signal classifier, which exhibits high accuracy and low calculation load. We demonstrate cough detection through the proposed sensor system. The result exhibits an accuracy of 93.0%, which is 24.3% higher than the conventional embedded classification algorithm. Also, the proposed approach reduces the average power consumption of the wearable sensor by 8.8 times. Clinical Relevance-People can measure the vibration from the body using an ultra-low-power wearable sensor. It provides a solution to automatically monitor cough symptoms in numerous patients.
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Association between Physical Activity Guidelines and Sedentary Time with Workers' Health-Related Quality of Life in a Spanish Multinational Company. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116592. [PMID: 35682176 PMCID: PMC9180907 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Workers spend a large amount of time working, limiting the possibility of meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines. A better health-related quality of life (HRQoL) provides benefits for the employee and company. The aim of this study was to analyse the associations of four behavioural categories between compliance with PA guidelines (aerobic and strength training) and sedentary time with workers’ HRQoL. We classified the sample into four categories: (1) “Physically active & low sedentary”, (2) “Physically active & high sedentary”, (3) “Physically inactive & low sedentary”, and (4) “Physically inactive & high sedentary”. Student’s t-tests for two independent samples and a multiple linear regression adjusted for covariates were performed. A total of 1004 employees of the multinational company Grupo Red Eléctrica participated. Compliance with PA guidelines and a low level of sedentarism were associated with higher HRQoL (p < 0.001). Compared to “physically inactive & high sedentary”, “physically active & low sedentary” and “physically active & high sedentary” workers obtained a better HRQoL (B = 5.47; p = 0.006 and B = 4.10; p = 0.003; respectively). In this sample of Spanish workers, being physically active was associated with a better HRQoL, even in those with high sedentary time. Experimental studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Device-worn measures of sedentary time and physical activity in South Asian adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes in Metro-Vancouver, Canada. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266599. [PMID: 35511949 PMCID: PMC9070884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background South Asians have high incidence of chronic disease. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary time are modifiable risk factors for chronic disease but their assessment in South Asians has been primarily based on self-report. This study presents directly-measured PA and sedentary time in South Asian adults in Canada. Methods A subset of 100 South Asian participants from a larger study who were identified at being at a higher risk for type 2 diabetes wore Actical accelerometers for 7 days. Anthropometric measures were taken and socio-demographic factors including age, income, education level, years since immigration, presence of children under the age of 12 years in the household and employment status were self-reported. Results Ninety-one participants (mean age 65.6 years) provided valid accelerometer data. Participants accumulated mean 673.5 (95% CI: 656.6, 691.0) min/day sedentary time, 130.5 (95% CI: 117.3, 145.3) min/day light PA (LPA) and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.3, 4.2) min/day moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). For sedentary time and LPA, sex and BMI explained 51% of variability. For MVPA, BMI, season of assessment and employment status explained 23% variability with those who were employed accumulating significantly higher mean min/day of MVPA compared to those who were unemployed; (5.8, 95% CI: 1.5, 21.7) vs (1.5, 95% CI: 5.3, 20.0) respectively. Conclusion High sedentary time, and low MVPA indicates the need to focus health promotion efforts on shifting sedentary time into LPA while trying to increase MVPA. Future studies need to be based on larger, representative samples of South Asians.
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Stassen G, Baulig L, Müller O, Schaller A. Attention to Progression Principles and Variables of Exercise Prescription in Workplace-Related Resistance Training Interventions: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials. Front Public Health 2022; 10:832523. [PMID: 35400069 PMCID: PMC8990091 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.832523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe workplace is an important setting for adult health promotion including exercise training such as resistance training (RT). Since the reporting of exercise training interventions is generally inconsistent, the objective of this systematic review was to investigate the attention to principles of RT progression and variables of RT exercise prescription in workplace-related RT interventions.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in the databases LIVIVO, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science (2000–2020). Controlled trials with apparently healthy “employees” and a main focus on RT were included. RT principles and variables were extracted and rated by two reviewers (reported, not reported, or unclear). Sum scores for each RT intervention and percentages regarding each principle and variable were calculated.ResultsOverall, 21 articles were included (18 primary studies, 3 protocols). Summarized narratively, the interventions showed different positive effects on strength- or performance-related and/or health- or complaint-related outcomes. The reporting of the RT principles and variables was varied [progressive overload: 94% of the studies, specificity: 78%, variation (periodization): 39%, muscle action: 94%, loading: 94%, volume; 67%, exercise selection: 89%, exercise order: 47%, rest periods between sets: 33%, rest periods between exercises: 27%, repetition velocity: 44%, and frequency: 100%].ConclusionSeveral key RT principles and variables were reported inconsistently, reducing reproducibility and pointing to the need for standardized RT intervention reporting in workplace-related interventions. Exercise science and workplace promotion should be further linked, since accurate reporting is a prerequisite for transferring robust findings into practice.
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Omura JD, Whitfield GP, Chen TJ, Hyde ET, Ussery EN, Watson KB, Carlson SA. Surveillance of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Youth and Adults in the United States: History and Opportunities. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:S6-S24. [PMID: 34465651 PMCID: PMC11008739 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance is a core function of public health, and approaches to national surveillance of physical activity and sedentary behavior have evolved over the past 2 decades. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of surveillance of physical activity and sedentary behavior in the United States over the past 2 decades, along with related challenges and emerging opportunities. METHODS The authors reviewed key national surveillance systems for the assessment of physical activity and sedentary behavior among youth and adults in the United States between 2000 and 2019. RESULTS Over the past 20 years, 8 surveillance systems have assessed physical activity, and 5 of those have assessed sedentary behavior. Three of the 8 originated in nonpublic health agencies. Most systems have assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior via surveys. However, survey questions varied over time within and also across systems, resulting in a wide array of available data. CONCLUSION The evolving nature of physical activity surveillance in the United States has resulted in both broad challenges (eg, balancing content with survey space; providing data at the national, state, and local level; adapting traditional physical activity measures and survey designs; and addressing variation across surveillance systems) and related opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Omura
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Geoffrey P. Whitfield
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tiffany J. Chen
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eric T. Hyde
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emily N. Ussery
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Susan A. Carlson
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Impacts of Rehabilitation Gait Training on Functional Outcomes after Tibial Nerve Transfer for Patients with Peroneal Nerve Injury: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 147:1202-1207. [PMID: 33835089 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000007896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there was initial success using tibial nerve transfer to restore ankle dorsiflexion following peroneal nerve injury, results from later series were less promising. A potential reason is coactivation of the much stronger antagonistic muscles during gait. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that gait training would improve functional performance following tibial nerve transfer. METHODS Using a prospective, nonrandomized, controlled study design, patients were divided into two groups: surgery only or surgery plus gait training. Of the 20 patients who showed reinnervation in the tibialis anterior muscle, 10 were assigned to the gait training group, and an equal number were in the control group. Those in the treatment group began training once reinnervation in the tibialis anterior muscle was detected, whereas those in the control group continued to use their ankle-foot orthosis full time. Differences in ankle dorsiflexion were measured using the Medical Research Council scale, and quantitative force measurement and functional disability was measured using the Stanmore Scale. RESULTS Patients in the gait training group attained significantly better functional recovery as measured by the Stanmore Scale (79.5 ± 14.3) (mean ± SD) versus (37.2 ± 3.5) in the control group (p = 0.02). Medical Research Council grades were 3.8 ± 0.6 in the training group versus 2.5 ± 1.2 in the surgery only group (p < 0.05). Average dorsiflexion force from patients with above antigravity strength (all from the training group) was 31 percent of the contralateral side. CONCLUSION In patients with successful reinnervation following tibial nerve transfers, rehabilitation training significantly improved dorsiflexion strength and function. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, II.
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19
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Does It Work for Everyone? The Effect of the Take a Stand! Sitting-Intervention in Subgroups Defined by Socio-Demographic, Health-Related, Work-Related, and Psychosocial Factors. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 62:30-36. [PMID: 31626067 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Take a Stand! was a multicomponent workplace-based intervention reducing sitting among office-workers. This study tested whether the effect of Take a Stand! differed across subgroups. METHODS A cluster-randomized controlled trial with objectively measured sitting-time as primary outcome evaluated Take a Stand! Main analysis was reanalyzed in strata defined by four levels of preselected factors: socio-demographic (eg, sex); health-related (eg, smoking); work-related (eg, workhours); and psychosocial (eg, motivation to change sitting). RESULTS No notable differences in the effect were observed: across all assessed subgroups sitting time was ∼60 minutes less after 1 month and ∼40 minutes less after 3 months in intervention as compared with control group. CONCLUSION There was no differential effect of Take a Stand! indicating that the intervention was effective in all groups. This knowledge is advantageous when disseminating similar interventions to different populations of office workers.
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Impact of Flexible Work Arrangements, Self-Efficacy, and Barriers on Daily Physical Activity Among University Staff. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:594-602. [PMID: 33811186 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the link between flexible work arrangements and health behaviors, such as physical activity. This study aimed to explore how self-efficacy and daily barriers to physical activity influence daily levels of physical activity on workdays when university staff members used a flexible work arrangement (flextime or telework). METHODS Full-time university staff employees (N = 61, mean age = 41; 89% female) participated in this daily diary study. Participants completed an initial survey followed by daily surveys over the course of one workweek, resulting in 281 diary days. RESULTS The most frequently reported barriers to physical activity were as follows: lack of time, feeling tired, and not enough motivation. Multilevel models revealed that as the number of barriers increased, minutes of physical activity significantly decreased. Self-efficacy was not significantly related to daily physical activity. Participants reported fewer minutes of physical activity on flextime workdays compared to days when a flexible work arrangement was not used (ie, traditional workday). Daily use of a flexible work arrangement did not moderate the association between barriers and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrated the influence of daily barriers and flextime workdays on physical activity levels, which can inform workplace health programs for university staff.
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Fukumura YE, Gray JM, Lucas GM, Becerik-Gerber B, Roll SC. Worker Perspectives on Incorporating Artificial Intelligence into Office Workspaces: Implications for the Future of Office Work. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041690. [PMID: 33578736 PMCID: PMC7916505 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Workplace environments have a significant impact on worker performance, health, and well-being. With machine learning capabilities, artificial intelligence (AI) can be developed to automate individualized adjustments to work environments (e.g., lighting, temperature) and to facilitate healthier worker behaviors (e.g., posture). Worker perspectives on incorporating AI into office workspaces are largely unexplored. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore office workers' views on including AI in their office workspace. Six focus group interviews with a total of 45 participants were conducted. Interview questions were designed to generate discussion on benefits, challenges, and pragmatic considerations for incorporating AI into office settings. Sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using an iterative approach. Two primary constructs emerged. First, participants shared perspectives related to preferences and concerns regarding communication and interactions with the technology. Second, numerous conversations highlighted the dualistic nature of a system that collects large amounts of data; that is, the potential benefits for behavior change to improve health and the pitfalls of trust and privacy. Across both constructs, there was an overarching discussion related to the intersections of AI with the complexity of work performance. Numerous thoughts were shared relative to future AI solutions that could enhance the office workplace. This study's findings indicate that the acceptability of AI in the workplace is complex and dependent upon the benefits outweighing the potential detriments. Office worker needs are complex and diverse, and AI systems should aim to accommodate individual needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko E. Fukumura
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Y.E.F.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Julie McLaughlin Gray
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Y.E.F.); (J.M.G.)
| | - Gale M. Lucas
- Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Burcin Becerik-Gerber
- Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Correspondence: (B.B.-G.); (S.C.R.); Tel.: +1-213-740-4383 (B.B.-G.); +1-323-442-1850 (S.C.R.)
| | - Shawn C. Roll
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Y.E.F.); (J.M.G.)
- Correspondence: (B.B.-G.); (S.C.R.); Tel.: +1-213-740-4383 (B.B.-G.); +1-323-442-1850 (S.C.R.)
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Oh RYR, Fielding KS, Nghiem TPL, Chang C, Shanahan DF, Gaston KJ, Carrasco RL, Fuller RA. Factors influencing nature interactions vary between cities and types of nature interactions. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ying Rachel Oh
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Kelly S. Fielding
- School of Communication and Arts University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | | | - Chia‐Chen Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Kevin J. Gaston
- Environment & Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Cornwall UK
| | - Roman L. Carrasco
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
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Nicholas JC, Ntoumanis N, Smith BJ, Quested E, Stamatakis E, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C. Development and feasibility of a mobile phone application designed to support physically inactive employees to increase walking. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2021; 21:23. [PMID: 33478495 PMCID: PMC7819207 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-021-01391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is a global health concern. mHealth interventions have become increasingly popular, but to date, principles of effective communication from Self-Determination Theory have not been integrated with behavior change techniques to optimize app effectiveness. We outline the development of the START app, an app combining SDT principles and 17 purposefully chosen BCTs to support inactive office employees to increase their walking during a 16-week randomized controlled trial. We also explored acceptability, engagement with, associations between app usage and behavioral engagement, and perceived impact of the app in supporting behavior change.
Methods Following development, fifty insufficiently physically active employees (M age = 44.21 ± 10.95 years; BMI = 29.02 ± 5.65) were provided access and instructions on use of the app. A mixed methods design was used to examine feasibility of the app, including the User Mobile App Rating Scale, app engagement data, step counts, and individual interviews. Linear mixed modeling and inductive thematic analysis were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Results Walkers rated the app quality favorably (M = 3.68 out of 5). Frequency of entering step counts (i.e., frequency of self-monitoring) on a weekly basis positively predicted weekly step counts measured via Fitbits at both the between-and within-individual levels. App features (entering daily step counts, reminders, and motivational messages) were perceived to assist walkers in fostering goal achievement by building competence and via self-monitoring. Conclusions The START app may be a useful component of walking interventions designed to increase walking in the workplace. Apps designed to promote walking behavior may be effective if they target users’ competence and integrate BCTs. Trial Registration: This study was part of a pilot larger randomized controlled trial, in which a component of the intervention involved the use of the mobile app. The trial was retrospectively registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618000807257) on 11 May 2018 https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375049&isReview=true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Catherine Nicholas
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, Perth, WA, 6050, Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Brendan John Smith
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Eleanor Quested
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre L6 West, Hub D17, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
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Hervieux V, Tremblay A, Biron C. Active meetings on stationary bicycle: An intervention to promote health at work without impairing performance. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 90:103269. [PMID: 32956981 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Workers who experienced prolonged sitting have higher risk of mortality from all causes compared to non-sedentary workers. However, work can also be a health enhancement opportunity and it also can be designed to improve health and well-being. This research presents a novel intervention designed to reduce sedentary behavior in the workplace. Seven teams of employees (N = 30) conducted two meetings: one in a sitting position and one on a stationary bike. Repeated measures for heart rate, perceptions of stress, well-being, focus, attention and fatigue were collected before, during and after both meetings. Heart rate was significantly higher during active meeting. Results also indicated a significant effect of active meeting on stress. Well-being, focus and attention were similar during both meetings. Fatigue was perceived to be reduced in the hours following the active meeting. This suggests that active meetings can promote health without impairing performance which offers new perspectives for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Hervieux
- Department of Management, Laval University, Quebec city, Canada; Centre d'expertise en gestion de la santé et sécurité du travail (CGSST), Laval University, Quebec city, Canada; VITAM - Centre de Recherche en santé durable de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Canada.
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec city, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec city, Canada
| | - Caroline Biron
- Department of Management, Laval University, Quebec city, Canada; Centre d'expertise en gestion de la santé et sécurité du travail (CGSST), Laval University, Quebec city, Canada; VITAM - Centre de Recherche en santé durable de l'Université Laval, Quebec city, Canada
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Parent Perspectives on Implementing Health Behavior Recommendations for Their Infants. REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/reports3040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the influence of parental values, preferences, and child achievement and health expectations on parent choices for their child’s rearing practices. We aimed to explore parents’ perceptions of immediate and future impact of health behavior decisions for their child and to understand factors associated with child-specific health behavior decisions. This pilot study included interviews with 25 parents of 9–24-month-old children attending well child care visits at a primary care practice. Questions assessed parental perceptions and attitudes in making health behavior changes now for their child’s future health. Themes suggest parents perceive many factors are involved, and intricately connected, in health behavior decision-making. Although almost all parents believed there is a connection between the foods they feed their child and achieving their goals, only half are willing to make a change. In addition, parents failed to consider the impact of the health practices they currently have with their children to influence the future acquisition of life skills and of healthy versus obesogenic behaviors. Our results add to the understanding of the process of health behavior change through anticipatory guidance. Study findings will be used to guide next steps towards refining our understanding of health and lifestyle change decisions made by parents.
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Bort-Roig J, Chirveches-Pérez E, Giné-Garriga M, Navarro-Blasco L, Bausà-Peris R, Iturrioz-Rosell P, González-Suárez AM, Martínez-Lemos I, Puigoriol-Juvanteny E, Dowd K, Puig-Ribera A. An mHealth Workplace-Based "Sit Less, Move More" Program: Impact on Employees' Sedentary and Physical Activity Patterns at Work and Away from Work. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8844. [PMID: 33260697 PMCID: PMC7730175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most workplace interventions that aim to reduce sedentary behaviour have 38 focused on employees' sedentary patterns at-work but less have focused on understanding the 39 impact beyond working time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 13-week m-40 health workplace-based 'sit less, move more' intervention (Walk@WorkApp; W@W-App) on 41 physical activity (PA) and sitting in desk-based employees at-work and away from work. METHODS Participants (n = 141) were assigned by hospital to an intervention group (IG; used the W@W-App; n = 90) or an active comparison group (A-CG; monitored occupational activity; n = 51). The W@W-App, installed on the participants´ own smartphones, provided real-time feedback for occupational sitting, standing, and stepping, and gave access to automated strategies to sit less and move more at work. Changes between groups were assessed for total sitting time, sedentary bouts and breaks, and light and moderate-to-vigorous PA (activPAL3TM; min/day) between the baseline and after program completion. RESULTS Compared to the A-CG, employees that used the W@W-App program increased their number of daily breaks and the time spent on short sedentary bouts (<20 min, p = 0.047) during weekends. Changes in shortest sedentary bouts (5-10 min) during weekends were also statistically significant (p < 0.05). No changes in workday PA or sitting were observed. CONCLUSION Desk-based employees seemed to transfer the W@W-App program knowledge outside of work. Evaluating the impact of workplace (mHealth-based or not) interventions at work but also away from work would provide a better understating of the impact of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Bort-Roig
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group, Centre for Health and Social Care Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Emilia Chirveches-Pérez
- Research Group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Centre for Health and Social Care Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Maria Giné-Garriga
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences (FPCEE) Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, 08022 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lydia Navarro-Blasco
- Occupational Health Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (L.N.-B.); (R.B.-P.)
| | - Roser Bausà-Peris
- Occupational Health Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (L.N.-B.); (R.B.-P.)
| | - Pedro Iturrioz-Rosell
- Unidad Docente Pluridisciplinar de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria, Hospital Universitario de Donostia, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Angel M. González-Suárez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
| | - Iván Martínez-Lemos
- Well-Move Research Group (HI-23), Faculty of Educational Sciences and Sports, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Emma Puigoriol-Juvanteny
- Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain;
- Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital of Vic-Vic Hospital Consortium (HUV-CHV), 08500 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kieran Dowd
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Athlone Institute of Technology, N37 HD68 Athlone, Co. Westmeath, Ireland;
| | - Anna Puig-Ribera
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group, Centre for Health and Social Care Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Barcelona, Spain;
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Azevedo LM, Chiavegato LD, Carvalho CRF, Braz JR, Nunes Cabral CM, Padula RS. Are blue-collar workers more physically active than white-collar at work? ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:338-347. [PMID: 33092496 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1835796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the physical activity level at work and leisure time of white-collar and two groups of blue-collar workers from the latex glove industry and the association of physical activity level and musculoskeletal complains and work ability. The workers' sociodemographic and behavioral health characteristics, work ability index, musculoskeletal complains, total step count and caloric expenditure for three consecutive days, were assessed. The blue-collar workers that move most from the workstation (longD) were more physically active at work compared to white-collar and blue-collar that moved close the workstation (shortD). But in leisure-time the result is reversed, white-collar and blue-collar groups were significantly more active. There was no association between physical activity level and musculoskeletal pain intensity and work ability. All the groups of workers exhibited satisfactory physical activity levels, but only blue-collar (longD) were more physically active (10,000 steps per day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Malta Azevedo
- Masters and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- União Metropolitana de Educação e Cultura (Unime), Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciana Dias Chiavegato
- Masters and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pulmonology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso R F Carvalho
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosimeire Simprini Padula
- Masters and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Alansare AB, Kowalsky RJ, Jones MA, Perdomo SJ, Stoner L, Gibbs BB. The Effects of a Simulated Workday of Prolonged Sitting on Seated versus Supine Blood Pressure and Pulse Wave Velocity in Adults with Overweight/Obesity and Elevated Blood Pressure. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:355-366. [PMID: 32937620 PMCID: PMC7666078 DOI: 10.1159/000510294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of a simulated workday of prolonged sitting on blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) and examined whether posture (seated vs. supine) affected responses. Participants (n = 25) were adults, with overweight/obesity and elevated BP, and performed seated desk work for 7.5 h. BP and PWV were measured in seated and supine postures at baseline (7:15 a.m.), midday (12:05 p.m.), and afternoon (4:45 p.m.). Generalized linear mixed models evaluated the effects of prolonged sitting on BP and PWV within each posture and interactions by posture and sex. In the recommended postures, seated BP and supine carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid-ankle pulse wave velocity (caPWV), but not carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV), significantly increased over the simulated seated workday (all p < 0.05; effect sizes [d] ranged from 0.25 to 0.44). Whilst no posture-by-time interactions were observed (p > 0.05), BP, caPWV, and crPWV were higher when seated versus supine (main effects of posture p < 0.05; d ranged from 0.30 to 1.04). Exploratory analysis revealed that females had greater seated BP responses (p for interaction <0.05); seated PWV and supine BP and PWV responses were similar by sex (p for interaction >0.05). A simulated workday of prolonged sitting increased seated BP and supine cfPWV and caPWV, and posture minimally influenced these responses. These results add to the evidence suggesting a deleterious effect of prolonged sitting on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Bandar Alansare
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Robert J Kowalsky
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Performance, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa A Jones
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sophy J Perdomo
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Sport and Exercise, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Danquah IH, Kloster S, Tolstrup JS. "Oh-oh, the others are standing up... I better do the same". Mixed-method evaluation of the implementation process of 'Take a Stand!' - a cluster randomized controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention to reduce sitting time among office workers. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1209. [PMID: 32770969 PMCID: PMC7414748 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multicomponent workplace-based interventions aimed at reducing sitting time among office workers are becoming increasingly popular. ‘Take a Stand!’ was such an intervention, reducing sitting time by 71 min after 1 month and 48 min after 3 months. However, it is unclear how the implementation process of ‘Take a Stand!’ affected these results. The present study explored how individual factors and organizational context influenced implementation and effect in ‘Take a Stand!’ Methods This was a mixed-methods study, combining data from interviews, questionnaires and accelerometers. Directed content analysis was used for analysing interviews with participants, ambassadors and managers from the 10 intervention offices in the ‘Take a Stand!’ study. Categories for analysis were taken from Framework for Evaluating Organizational-level Interventions. Interview data were combined with questionnaire and activity data, and multilevel analysis was undertaken to assess how changes in sitting time varied depending on the assessed factors. In addition, interview data were used to underpin results from the multilevel analysis. Results Concurrent institutional changes were found to be a barrier for the intervention by ambassadors, while participants and managers did not find it to be an issue. Management support was consistently highlighted as very important. Participants evaluated ambassadors as being generally adequately active but also, that the role had a greater potential. The motivational and social aspects of the intervention were considered important for the effect. This was supported by regression analyses, which showed that a strong desire to change sitting time habits, strong motivation towards the project, and a high sense of collective engagement were associated to less sitting time at 3 months of about 30 min/8 h working day compared to participants with low scores. Influence from other participants (e.g. seeing others raise their tables) and the use of humour were continuously highlighted by participants as positive for implementation. Finally, the intervention was found to influence the social climate at the workplace positively. Conclusion Individual motivation was related to the sitting time effect of ‘Take a Stand!’, but the organizational culture was relevant both to the implementation and effect within the office community. The organizational culture included among others to ensure general participation, to uphold management and peer-support, and maintain a positive environment during the intervention period. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01996176. Prospectively registered 21 November 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida H Danquah
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Stine Kloster
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mulchandani R, Chandrasekaran AM, Shivashankar R, Kondal D, Agrawal A, Panniyammakal J, Tandon N, Prabhakaran D, Sharma M, Goenka S. Effect of workplace physical activity interventions on the cardio-metabolic health of working adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:134. [PMID: 31856826 PMCID: PMC6923867 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adults in urban areas spend almost 77% of their waking time being inactive at workplaces, which leaves little time for physical activity. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize evidence for the effect of workplace physical activity interventions on the cardio-metabolic health markers (body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipids and blood glucose) among working adults. Methods All experimental studies up to March 2018, reporting cardio-metabolic worksite intervention outcomes among adult employees were identified from PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANE CENTRAL, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess bias in studies. All studies were assessed qualitatively and meta-analysis was done where possible. Forest plots were generated for pooled estimates of each study outcome. Results A total of 33 studies met the eligibility criteria and 24 were included in the meta-analysis. Multi-component workplace interventions significantly reduced body weight (16 studies; mean diff: − 2.61 kg, 95% CI: − 3.89 to − 1.33) BMI (19 studies, mean diff: − 0.42 kg/m2, 95% CI: − 0.69 to − 0.15) and waist circumference (13 studies; mean diff: − 1.92 cm, 95% CI: − 3.25 to − 0.60). Reduction in blood pressure, lipids and blood glucose was not statistically significant. Conclusions Workplace interventions significantly reduced body weight, BMI and waist circumference. Non-significant results for biochemical markers could be due to them being secondary outcomes in most studies. Intervention acceptability and adherence, follow-up duration and exploring non-RCT designs are factors that need attention in future research. Prospero registration number: CRD42018094436.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Mulchandani
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | | | | | - Dimple Kondal
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Jeemon Panniyammakal
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.,Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | | | - Shifalika Goenka
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India. .,Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
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31
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Liangruenrom N, Craike M, Dumuid D, Biddle SJH, Tudor-Locke C, Ainsworth B, Jalayondeja C, van Tienoven TP, Lachapelle U, Weenas D, Berrigan D, Olds T, Pedisic Z. Standardised criteria for classifying the International Classification of Activities for Time-use Statistics (ICATUS) activity groups into sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:106. [PMID: 31727080 PMCID: PMC6857154 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS) is one of the most widely used time-use classifications to identify time spent in various activities. Comprehensive 24-h activities that can be extracted from ICATUS provide possible implications for the use of time-use data in relation to activity-health associations; however, these activities are not classified in a way that makes such analysis feasible. This study, therefore, aimed to develop criteria for classifying ICATUS activities into sleep, sedentary behaviour (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), based on expert assessment. METHOD We classified activities from the Trial ICATUS 2005 and final ICATUS 2016. One author assigned METs and codes for wakefulness status and posture, to all subclass activities in the Trial ICATUS 2005. Once coded, one author matched the most detailed level of activities from the ICATUS 2016 with the corresponding activities in the Trial ICATUS 2005, where applicable. The assessment and harmonisation of each ICATUS activity were reviewed independently and anonymously by four experts, as part of a Delphi process. Given a large number of ICATUS activities, four separate Delphi panels were formed for this purpose. A series of Delphi survey rounds were repeated until a consensus among all experts was reached. RESULTS Consensus about harmonisation and classification of ICATUS activities was reached by the third round of the Delphi survey in all four panels. A total of 542 activities were classified into sleep, SB, LPA, and MVPA categories. Of these, 390 activities were from the Trial ICATUS 2005 and 152 activities were from the final ICATUS 2016. The majority of ICATUS 2016 activities were harmonised into the ICATUS activity groups (n = 143). CONCLUSIONS Based on expert consensus, we developed a classification system that enables ICATUS-based time-use data to be classified into sleep, SB, LPA, and MVPA categories. Adoption and consistent use of this classification system will facilitate standardisation of time-use data processing for the purpose of sleep, SB and physical activity research, and improve between-study comparability. Future studies should test the applicability of the classification system by applying it to empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nucharapon Liangruenrom
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Melinda Craike
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Mitchell Institute, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia
| | - Catrine Tudor-Locke
- College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Barbara Ainsworth
- Department of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Theun Pieter van Tienoven
- Research Group TOR, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ugo Lachapelle
- Department of Urban Studies and Tourism, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Djiwo Weenas
- Research Group TOR, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Group Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Berrigan
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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32
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Quinn TD, Pettee Gabriel K, Siddique J, Aaby D, Whitaker KM, Lane-Cordova A, Sidney S, Sternfield B, Barone Gibbs B. Sedentary Time and Physical Activity Across Occupational Classifications. Am J Health Promot 2019; 34:247-256. [PMID: 31726849 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119885518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine differences in activity patterns across employment and occupational classifications. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING A 2005-2006 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. SAMPLE Participants with valid accelerometry data (n = 2068). MEASURES Uniaxial accelerometry data (ActiGraph 7164), accumulated during waking hours, were summarized as mean activity counts (counts/min) and time spent (min/d) in long-bout sedentary (≥30 minutes, SED≥30), short-bout sedentary (<30 minutes, SED<30), light physical activity (LPA), short-bout moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (<10 minutes, MVPA<10), and long-bout MVPA (≥10 minutes, MVPA≥10) using Freedson cut-points. Employment status was self-reported as full time, part time, unemployed, keeping house, or raising children. Self-reported job duties were categorized into 23 major groups using the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification. ANALYSIS Omnibus differences were analyzed using adjusted analysis of covariance and repeated after stratification by race (black/white) and sex (female/male). RESULTS SED≥30, SED<30, LPA, and MVPA<10 differed significantly by employment and occupational categories (P ≤ .05), while MVPA≥10 did not (P ≥ .50). SED≥30, SED<30, and LPA differed by occupational classification in men, women, blacks, and whites (P < .05). Mean activity counts, MVPA<10, and MVPA≥10 were significantly different across occupational classifications in whites (P ≤ .05), but not in blacks (P > .05). Significant differences in mean activity counts and MVPA<10 across occupational classifications were found in males (P ≤ .001), but not in females (P > .05). CONCLUSION Time within activity intensity categories differs across employment and occupational classifications and by race and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Quinn
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Juned Siddique
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Aaby
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kara M Whitaker
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Abbi Lane-Cordova
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Sternfield
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
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A "Sit Less, Walk More" Workplace Intervention for Office Workers: Long-Term Efficacy of a Quasi-Experimental Study. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 60:e290-e299. [PMID: 29438155 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested the maintenance outcomes of a 3-month Sit Less, Walk More (SLWM) workplace intervention for office workers compared with usual care at 12 months from the baseline. METHOD A quasi-experimental study was conducted in two workplaces. The intervention group (n = 51) received multi-component intervention and the comparison group (n = 50) received newsletters only. The outcomes of the study (self-reported psychosocial, physical activity, sitting, and lost productivity; objectively measured cardiometabolic biomarkers) were compared at baseline, 3, and 12 months. RESULTS Generalized estimating equations analyses found that the intervention group had significant improvements in self-regulation for sitting less and moving more (P = 0.017), walking (P = 0.003), weight (P = 0.013), waist circumference (P = 0.002), and insulin (P = 0.000) at 12 months compared with the comparison group. CONCLUSION The SLWM intervention was effective in improving self-regulation, walking, and some cardiometabolic biomarkers in office workers.
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Process Evaluation of the BearStand Behavioral Intervention: A Social Cognitive Theory-Based Approach to Reduce Occupational Sedentary Behavior. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:927-935. [PMID: 31567658 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe the process evaluation of the behavioral intervention group of a multicomponent workplace intervention, BearStand, to reduce employees' sitting time using sit-stand workstations and behavioral strategies. METHODS Process evaluation metrics: dose delivered, dose-received exposure, dose-received satisfaction, and context were collected using an online survey. Participants included employees of a US university. RESULTS Overall, 38 of 52 participants completed the process evaluation. The majority were satisfied (53%) with the intervention. Participants' interactions with intervention materials decreased over time (73.7%, week 1, to 52.6%, week 13), and 42% and 33% of participants used suggested videos and apps, respectively. Participants found goal setting and self-regulation strategies to be the most helpful and identified workplace-related contextual barriers that impacted intervention engagement. CONCLUSIONS Future interventions should incorporate more engaging materials for participants, reduce contextual barriers, and facilitate use of apps and videos.
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35
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Fukushima N, Amagasa S, Kikuchi H, Takamiya T, Odagiri Y, Hayashi T, Kitabayashi M, Inoue S. [Validity and reliability of the Work-related Physical Activity Questionnaire for assessing intensity-specific physical activity and sedentary behavior in the workplace]. SANGYŌ EISEIGAKU ZASSHI = JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2019; 62:61-71. [PMID: 31474688 DOI: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.2019-013-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We developed the Work-related Physical Activity Questionnaire (WPAQ) to measure occupational physical activity, including sedentary behavior and sedentary breaks (interruptions of prolonged sedentary behavior), during work. This study aimed to examine the WPAQ's reliability and criterion validity using an accelerometer. METHODS To examine criterion validity, 97 full-time factory workers (male: 89.7%) wore a triaxial accelerometer while working and completed the WPAQ. The questionnaire inquired about participants' normal work activities and the proportion of sitting, standing, walking, and heavy labor engaged in during work. In calculating time spent in each behavior, the proportion of each occupational activity was multiplied by the total minutes of work. Duration of uninterrupted sitting time was also measured. For reliability, the same questionnaire was administered twice (median test-retest interval: 9 days) to another convenient sample of 54 participants. Spearman's ρ was used to assess validity and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Cohen's kappa with quadratic weighing were used to assess reliability. RESULTS The criterion validity of occupational sitting time measured by the WPAQ was moderate (Spearman's ρ for sedentary behavior: 0.69) based on comparison with accelerometer data. Significant positive correlations were found for standing (ρ = 0.66) and walking (ρ = 0.39) between the WPAQ and accelerometer data, though not for heavy labor. A moderate but significant correlation (ρ = 0.27) was found for sedentary breaks. Test-retest reliability for all items was adequate (ICC = 0.59-0.79 for occupational sedentary behavior and physical activities, and Cohen's kappa with quadratic weighting = 0.84 for sedentary breaks). CONCLUSIONS The WPAQ has acceptable properties for measuring workers' activities, including sedentary breaks. Reduced physical activity, increased time spent in sedentary behaviors, and fewer sedentary breaks during working time are all associated with adverse health outcomes. Though some occupational exposure to these activities might be unavoidable, the WPAQ may be a practical tool for assessing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritoshi Fukushima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Shiho Amagasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Hiroyuki Kikuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Tomoko Takamiya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Yuko Odagiri
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Toshio Hayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
| | | | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
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Lee E, Kim Y. Effects of Sedentary Behaviors on Stress and Suicidal Ideation: Occupation-Based Differences. Open Nurs J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874434601913010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
The study of examining the effects of sedentary behavior on stress level and suicidal ideation is crucial, but existing research on the topic is insufficient.
Objective:
This study aimed to identify the effect of sedentary behaviors, with respect to the occupation type on stress and suicidal ideation among Korean adults.
Methods:
This descriptive correlational study used raw data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI), conducted in 2015. The survey sampled 7,380 adults, of whom 3,714 were included in this analysis. Sedentary time, stress level, and suicidal ideation were measured. The data were analyzed using a homogeneity test, and logistic regression.
Results:
As sedentary time increased, stress (OR=1.036; p=0.001) and suicidal ideation (OR= 1.065; p=0.006) also increased significantly, irrespective of the gender, age, household income, education level, job, and marital status. Regarding occupation, stress level increased significantly with an increase in sedentary time for managers; professionals and related workers; clerks; and craft, equipment, machine-operating, and assembly-line workers, while skilled agriculture, forestry, and fishery workers experienced less stress. A significant increase in suicidal ideation was observed in craft, equipment, machine-operating, and assembly-line workers as their time spent on sitting increased.
Conclusion:
This study found a significant association between average sedentary time, and stress and suicidal ideation. There is a need for interventional programs that can reduce sedentary behaviors for preventing mental health problems.
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Gudnadottir U, Cadmus-Bertram L, Spicer A, Gorzelitz J, Malecki K. The relationship between occupational physical activity and self-reported vs measured total physical activity. Prev Med Rep 2019; 15:100908. [PMID: 31297308 PMCID: PMC6598033 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the well-established benefits of physical activity (PA), a large portion of U.S. adults are not meeting recommended health-based guidelines. Although PA occurs in several domains, population-based studies tend to focus on leisure-time PA, with few studies examining occupational activity (OA) level as a separate determinant of overall PA. Methods Data were obtained from the 2014-2016 Survey of Health of Wisconsin (SHOW). Currently employed SHOW participants (n = 822) were categorized into OA level categories. Bivariate analyses and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors and to test associations between OA and odds of meeting total PA guidelines using both self-reported and accelerometer-based data. Results Individuals with high OA level jobs tended to be males (p < 0.01), current smokers (p < 0.01), and have low education (p < 0.01). When measured by self-report, a greater proportion of individuals in high OA jobs (89%) met the physical activity guidelines compared to those in medium (78%) and low (76%) OA jobs (p = 0.01). Further, adjusted odds of doing some PA vs meeting PA guidelines were higher for low OA vs. high OA level (OR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.46-3.94, p < 0.01). This trend was not observed when PA was measured via accelerometer (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.62-1.60, p = 0.99). Conclusions Correlations between low, intermediate, and high OA and levels of overall PA varied by measurement type. Further research is needed to improve PA measurements within subdomains such as OA and to examine the tradeoffs between OA and leisure-time PA and relationships with health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnur Gudnadottir
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, 707 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
| | - Lisa Cadmus-Bertram
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, 707 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2035 Gymnasium-Natatorium, 2000 Observatory Dr, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI 53726, United States of America.
| | - Alexandra Spicer
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, 707 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
| | - Jess Gorzelitz
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2035 Gymnasium-Natatorium, 2000 Observatory Dr, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
| | - Kristen Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 Walnut Street, 707 WARF Building, Madison, WI 53726, United States of America
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI 53726, United States of America.
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Reed V, Kaw A, Patel H, Arzu I, Mayo L, Cohen L, Rosenthal D, Shah S. Employee Physical Activity in an Outpatient Oncology Clinic: A Baseline Pilot Study. Cureus 2018; 10:e3803. [PMID: 30868017 PMCID: PMC6402726 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Studies examining the physical activity of employees within an outpatient oncology setting are absent. The goal of this pilot study was to collect baseline data on the daily activity of employees in varying job descriptions at a satellite outpatient oncology clinic of a large academic medical center. Methods: A total of 40 employees (out of a total of 55) were accrued on this clinical trial. Each employee was given a pedometer to wear at work for a total of 20 business days, with instructions not to alter their baseline activities. Employees recorded their daily workplace pedometer activity on a personalized chart. Baseline vital signs, as well as their general job title, were recorded. Results: Of the 40, 36 employees (90%) completed the study. The average steps per workday for all employees were 4455 +/- 2051, which is significantly less than the recommended 10,000 steps per day (p <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in activity between various job descriptions, with radiation therapists having the highest daily mean steps (8853 +/- 930) and front desk staff having the lowest mean steps (3147 +/- 1010), p<0.001). Conclusion: Employees at a satellite outpatient oncology clinic of a large academic center, on average, do not meet the surgeon general’s recommendations for daily physical activity at the workplace, with only radiation therapists approaching the recommended steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Reed
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Anita Kaw
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Hiral Patel
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Isidora Arzu
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Lauren Mayo
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Lorenzo Cohen
- Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - David Rosenthal
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Shalin Shah
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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Steeves JA, Tudor-Locke C, Murphy RA, King GA, Fitzhugh EC, Bassett DR, Van Domelen D, Schuna JM, Harris TB. Daily Physical Activity by Occupational Classification in US Adults: NHANES 2005-2006. J Phys Act Health 2018; 15:900-911. [PMID: 30453820 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2017-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the daily physical activity (PA) levels of people employed in different occupational categories. METHODS Nine ActiGraph accelerometer-derived daily PA variables are presented and ranked for adults (N = 1465, 20-60 y) working in the 22 occupational categories assessed by NHANES 2005-2006. A composite score was generated for each occupational category by summing the rankings of 3 accelerometer-derived daily PA variables known to have strong associations with health outcomes (total activity counts [TAC], moderate to vigorous PA minutes per week in modified 10-minute bouts [MVPA 10], and percentage of time spent in sedentary activity [SB%]). RESULTS Classified as high-activity occupational categories, "farming, fishing, forestry," and "building & grounds cleaning, maintenance" occupations had the greatest TAC (461 996 and 449 452), most MVPA 10 (149.6 and 97.8), most steps per day (10 464 and 11 602), and near the lowest SB% (45.2% and 45.4%). "Community, social services" occupations, classified as low-activity occupational categories, had the second lowest TAC (242 085), least MVPA 10 (12.1), fewest steps per day (5684), and near the highest SB% (64.2%). CONCLUSIONS There is a strong association between occupational category and daily activity levels. Objectively measured daily PA permitted the classification of the 22 different occupational categories into 3 activity groupings.
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Estrella ML, Rosenberg NI, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Gonzalez HM, Loop MS, Singer RH, Lash JP, Castañeda SF, Perreira KM, Eldeirawi K, Daviglus ML. The association of employment status with ideal cardiovascular health factors and behaviors among Hispanic/Latino adults: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207652. [PMID: 30481192 PMCID: PMC6258516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The American Heart Association’s 2020 Impact Goals propose to improve cardiovascular health (CVH) and reduce deaths from cardiovascular diseases and stroke in the US. Targeted health promotion efforts in workplaces and communities are needed to achieve these population-level changes. The present study examined the sex-specific cross-sectional associations between employment status and ideal CVH among Hispanics/Latinos, and whether these associations were modified by age (i.e., younger adults [aged 18–44] compared to middle-aged and older adults [aged 45–74]). Methods This study included 4,797 males and 7,043 females (aged 18–74) from the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos. Employment status was categorized as employed full-time (FT), employed part-time (PT), employed (FT or PT) and homemakers, homemakers only, and unemployed. CVH metrics, operationalized as ‘ideal’ versus ‘less than ideal,’ included health factors (i.e., blood pressure, cholesterol, and fasting glucose) and health behaviors (i.e., body mass index, smoking, physical activity [PA], and diet). A total CVH score was derived based on the seven CVH metrics, and dichotomized as ideal vs. less than ideal (score of 11–14 vs. 0–10). Survey-based generalized linear regression models with Gaussian binomial distribution were used to estimate adjusted prevalence differences (APDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between employment status (with employed FT as referent) and ideal CVH (total score and each metric), adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics. Effect modification by age was examined. Results Among males, compared to their employed FT counterparts, those who were employed PT had a higher prevalence of ideal CVH score (APD = 6.8, 95% CI = 1.7, 11.8), ideal BMI (APD = 8.5, 95% CI = 3.0, 14.0), and ideal PA (APD = 4.8, 95% CI = 0.9, 8.7). Age modified the associations of employment type with ideal CVH score and ideal BMI, i.e., younger males who were employed PT had a higher prevalence of ideal CVH score and ideal BMI. Among females, employment status was not associated with ideal CVH score. Compared to females employed FT, females who were homemakers had a lower prevalence of ideal (non-) smoking (APD = -4.7, 95% CI = -8.5, -1.0) and ideal PA (APD = -7.9, 95% CI = -12.7, -3.0), and females who were unemployed had a lower prevalence of ideal PA (APD = -10.4, 95% CI = -16.7, -4.1). Age modified the associations of employment type with ideal fasting glucose and ideal PA, i.e., middle-aged and older females who were homemakers or unemployed had a lower prevalence of ideal fasting glucose and ideal PA. Conclusions Hispanic/Latino males who were employed PT had the most favorable CVH profiles but these associations were mostly driven by better CVH (total score and metrics) among younger males. Hispanic/Latino females who were homemakers or unemployed had lower rates of ideal CVH metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra L. Estrella
- Institute for Minority Health Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Natalya I. Rosenberg
- Institute for Minority Health Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu
- Institute for Minority Health Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Hector M. Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Loop
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Singer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - James P. Lash
- Division of Nephrology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sheila F. Castañeda
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Krista M. Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Kamal Eldeirawi
- Department of Health Systems Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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van Tienoven TP, Deyaert J, Harms T, Weenas D, Minnen J, Glorieux I. Active work, passive leisure? Associations between occupational and non-occupational physical activity on weekdays. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2018; 76:1-11. [PMID: 30268271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Research from recent years reports that physical inactivity is a major risk factor for global mortality. Several societal trends in the last decades are likely to have contributed to the increasing prevalence of sedentary lifestyles. Physical activity throughout the day has become much less self-evident and much more a matter of personal effort. Its presumed discretionary character made leisure the time par excellence to compensate for daily inactivity in non-discretionary time. The historical dichotomy of leisure and paid work led to a large body of research assessing the association between occupational and non-occupational physical activity, almost always equated with leisure time physical activity. This study investigates the relationship between occupational and non-occupational physical activity and adds to existing knowledge by breaking down non-occupational physical activity to physical activity in different non-occupational domains of life. Using Belgian time-use data from 2013 coupled with metabolic equivalent of task scores, reveals no direct association between occupational physical activity and physical activity in the domains of leisure, household work and family care, and transport on weekdays after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The association between women's occupational physical activity and physical activity in household work and family care is the sole exception. The results suggest that a holistic, naturalistic approach to physical activity taking into account that individuals have to synchronize needs other than paid work (e.g. reproductive and social productive needs) with the institutional and cultural temporal structures of the society they live in, is more appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theun Pieter van Tienoven
- Research Group TOR, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jef Deyaert
- Research Group TOR, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Teresa Harms
- Centre for Time Use Research, Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Djiwo Weenas
- Research Group TOR, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Joeri Minnen
- Research Group TOR, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ignace Glorieux
- Research Group TOR, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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Visualizing Physical Activity Patterns among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Pilot Study. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6040135. [PMID: 30380724 PMCID: PMC6316774 DOI: 10.3390/sports6040135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity relates to physical and mental functioning in older people, and promoting physical activity has the potential to substantially reduce functional decline and improve well-being. Despite this, investigations of the physical activity quotient through participation in functional activities in everyday life have traditionally gained limited focus among older populations compared to leisure-time physical activity and exercise. Considering the accumulated evidence of the health benefits of low-intensity physical activity, exploring and measuring such activities in this population is highly relevant. The aim of this study was to visualize and describe older people’s physical activity patterns in daily life using a time-geographic approach in combination with the estimation of metabolic equivalents (METS). To exemplify the new method, a sample of nine retired men (65–82 years old, mean age 76.4 ± 5.8) with no homecare services from the municipality was recruited. In order to enable a visual analysis of the physical activity patterns in daily life, we developed the VISUAL-PA software, which is a visual analysis tool that includes METS to account for intensity and enables the analysis of distinct types and domains of physical activity. The VISUAL-PA software creates graphic outputs of physical activity patterns that enable the identification, visualization, and analysis of distinct types and intensities of physical activity in addition to sedentary behavior. The use of VISUAL-PA can contribute to a broader understanding of the complexity in physical activity patterns among older adults in terms of dimensions such as activity patterns and habits, domains, and intensity level. To strengthen the public health strategies that promote health and an active lifestyle, additional knowledge about physical activity patterns is necessary. Moreover, the visualization of physical activity can enable reflections on and awareness of activity habits and preferences, and thus facilitate behavior changes in older individuals.
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Kakinami L, Wissa R, Khan R, Paradis G, Barnett TA, Gauvin L. The association between income and leisure-time physical activity is moderated by utilitarian lifestyles: A nationally representative US population (NHANES 1999-2014). Prev Med 2018; 113:147-152. [PMID: 29753806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether the relationship between income and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) persists after accounting for a person's utilitarian PA (all non-LTPA), sociodemographic characteristics and transportation PA. Data were from eight cycles (1999-2014) of the nationally representative samples of the US adult population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 35,239). Whether the poverty income ratio (0-1.3, 1.3-1.86, 1.86+ [reference]) was associated with minutes of LTPA (moderate, vigorous) after stratifying for utilitarian PA (sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous) was assessed in multiple linear regressions adjusted for age, sex, race, education, marital status, weight status, hours worked, and minutes of transportation-related PA in the past week. Likelihood of meeting national physical activity recommendations was also assessed in multiple logistic regressions adjusting for the covariates described. For both sedentary and light utilitarian PA levels, compared to the reference, persons living in households of the lowest poverty income ratio were consistently associated with approximately 17-30 less minutes of moderate LTPA minutes per week, and 20-25 less minutes of vigorous LTPA across all survey cycles. Compared to the reference, the likelihood of meeting national PA recommendations was approximately 31-55% less for these households. The known association between lower income and lower LTPA persist, but is the most persistent and consistent for those with less active utilitarian (such as sedentary) lifestyles. Interventions aimed at increasing LTPA among people with low income and sedentary utilitarian lifestyles whether or not they are in the workforce are particularly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kakinami
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd West, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, 7200 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Rita Wissa
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd West, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Rahid Khan
- Department of Economics, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd West, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Gilles Paradis
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 1020 Pine Ave West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Tracie A Barnett
- Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, 5757 Ave Decelles, Montréal, QC H3S 2C3, Canada; INRS-Armand-Frappier Institute, 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Lise Gauvin
- Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 St Denis St, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; École de santé publique, Université de Montréal (ESPUM), PO Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Rowland SA, Cohen MZ, Pullen CH, Schulz PS, Berg KE, Yates BC. Perceptions of a Peer Modeling Workplace Physical Activity Intervention for Women. Workplace Health Saf 2018; 66:437-443. [PMID: 29957151 DOI: 10.1177/2165079918782258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A workplace physical activity (PA) study tested a novel use of peers to deliver the intervention. Peer models provided vicarious experience for living physically active lifestyles to a group of inactive women. The purpose of this study was to describe participants' perceptions of the peer modeling intervention. Nine women from the intervention group ( n = 26) participated in a 90-minute focus group. Qualitative description using thematic analysis was used to identify themes from the focus group transcript. Two themes about the intervention were "I am left wanting more" and "focus on food." Two themes about the peer models were "real people" and "it is doable." Focus group participants perceived the peer modeling PA intervention favorably; however, they desired more attention to healthy eating and more time with peer models. Replication of the study accounting for themes identified by focus group participants is needed to strengthen the peer modeling intervention.
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Fukushima N, Kitabayashi M, Kikuchi H, Sasai H, Oka K, Nakata Y, Tanaka S, Inoue S. Comparison of accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior, and light- and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity in white- and blue-collar workers in a Japanese manufacturing plant. J Occup Health 2018; 60:246-253. [PMID: 29563367 PMCID: PMC5985348 DOI: 10.1539/joh.2017-0276-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The times spent in sedentary behavior (SB) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are independently associated with health outcomes; however, objective data on physical activity levels including SB among different occupations is limited. We compared accelerometer-measured times spent in SB, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and MVPA, and the patterns associated with prolonged bouts of SB between white- and blue-collar workers. METHODS The study population consisted of 102 full-time plant workers (54 white-collar and 48 blue-collar) who wore a triaxial accelerometer during waking hours for 5 working days. Accelerometer-measured activity levels were categorized as SB (≤1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs)), LPA (1.6-2.9 METs), and MVPA (≥3.0 METs). A sedentary bout was defined as consecutive minutes during which the accelerometer registered less than ≤1.5 METs. Accelerometer variables were compared between white- and blue-collar workers through analysis of covariance. RESULTS During working hours, white-collar workers spent significantly more time in SB and less time in LPA than blue-collar workers (SB: 6.4 h vs. 4.8 h, 73% vs. 55% of total work time; LPA: 1.9 h vs. 3.5 h, 22% vs. 40% of total work time, p<.001), whereas the MVPA time was similar between the groups. White-collar workers spent significantly more SB time in prolonged sedentary bouts (≥30 min) compared to blue-collar workers. During leisure time, the SB, LPA, and MVPA times were similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS White-collar workers have significantly longer SB times than blue-collar workers during work hours, and do not compensate for their excess SB during work by reducing SB during leisure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritoshi Fukushima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Makiko Kitabayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University
| | - Hiroyuki Kikuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
| | - Hiroyuki Sasai
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | | | | | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
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From Evidence-Based Research to Practice-Based Evidence: Disseminating a Web-Based Computer-Tailored Workplace Sitting Intervention through a Health Promotion Organisation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15051049. [PMID: 29789491 PMCID: PMC5982088 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15051049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged sitting has been linked to adverse health outcomes; therefore, we developed and examined a web-based, computer-tailored workplace sitting intervention. As we had previously shown good effectiveness, the next stage was to conduct a dissemination study. This study reports on the dissemination efforts of a health promotion organisation, associated costs, reach achieved, and attributes of the website users. The organisation systematically registered all the time and resources invested to promote the intervention. Website usage statistics (reach) and descriptive statistics (website users’ attributes) were also assessed. Online strategies (promotion on their homepage; sending e-mails, newsletters, Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn posts to professional partners) were the main dissemination methods. The total time investment was 25.6 h, which cost approximately 845 EUR in salaries. After sixteen months, 1599 adults had visited the website and 1500 (93.8%) completed the survey to receive personalized sitting advice. This sample was 38.3 ± 11.0 years, mainly female (76.9%), college/university educated (89.0%), highly sedentary (88.5% sat >8 h/day) and intending to change (93.0%) their sitting. Given the small time and money investment, these outcomes are positive and indicate the potential for wide-scale dissemination. However, more efforts are needed to reach men, non-college/university educated employees, and those not intending behavioural change.
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Decreasing Physical Inactivity in the Veterans Health Administration Employee Population. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 58:1217-1222. [PMID: 27930482 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe a comprehensive approach to decrease physical inactivity in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) employee population. METHODS The approach included (1) initiatives to decrease physical inactivity in the workplace; (2) two operational surveys to assess system-wide service provision; and (3) two national employee surveys. RESULTS From 2010 to 2012, 86 employee fitness centers were completed in VA medical centers. A grants program (2010 to 2015) funded smaller projects designed to decrease physical inactivity in the workplace. Projects involved the provision of equipment to decrease sedentary behaviors, including stability balls, treadmill and sit-to-stand desks, stairwell projects, and funding for on-site fitness classes, bicycle racks, and outdoor par courses and walking paths among others. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive approach to decrease physical inactivity in VHA employees was successful. Overall, self-reported, age-adjusted physical inactivity in VHA employees decreased from 25.3% in 2010 to 16.1% in 2015.
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Danquah IH, Kloster S, Holtermann A, Aadahl M, Bauman A, Ersbøll AK, Tolstrup JS. Take a Stand!-a multi-component intervention aimed at reducing sitting time among office workers-a cluster randomized trial. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:128-140. [PMID: 27094749 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged sitting time has been associated with adverse health outcomes. Interventions at work may contribute to reduced sitting. The objective was to test if a multicomponent work-based intervention can reduce sitting time and the number of prolonged sitting periods (> 30 min), increase the number of sit-to-stand transitions and decrease waist circumference and body fat percentage among office workers. Primary outcomes were: change in sitting time, prolonged sitting periods and sit-to-stand transitions at follow-up 1 month later. Methods At four workplaces, 19 offices (317 workers in total) were cluster randomized for intervention or control. The intervention included the appointment of local ambassadors, management support, environmental changes, a lecture and a workshop. Sitting time was measured using an ActiGraph GT3X+ fixed on the thigh. Data were processed using Acti4 software providing data on time spent sitting, standing and doing other activities. Control participants were instructed to behave as usual. Follow-up measurements were obtained after 1 and 3 months. Results At 1 and 3 months, total sitting time was 71 ( P < 0.001) and 48 min ( P < 0.001) lower per 8-h workday in the intervention group compared with the control group. At 1 month, the number of prolonged sitting periods was lower (-0.79/8-h workday, P < 0.001) and sit-to-stand transitions were higher (+14%/sitting hour, P = 0.001) in the intervention compared with the control group. After 3 months, trends persisted. The body fat percentage was lower by 0.61 percentage points ( P = 0.011) in the intervention group compared with the control group after 3 months. Conclusions The multicomponent workplace-based intervention was effective in reducing sitting time, prolonged sitting periods and body fat percentage, and in increasing the number of sit-to-stand transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Danquah
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Kloster
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Aadahl
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark and
| | - A Bauman
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A K Ersbøll
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Biswas A, Smith PM, Gignac MAM. Naturally occurring workplace facilities to increase the leisure time physical activity of workers: A propensity-score weighted population study. Prev Med Rep 2018; 10:263-270. [PMID: 29868378 PMCID: PMC5984222 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefit of providing access to physical activity facilities at or near work to support the leisure time physical activity (LTPA) of workers is uncertain. We examined the association between access to physical activity facilities at or near work and the LTPA of workers after adjusting for a range of individual and occupational characteristics. Data was obtained from 60,650 respondents to the 2007–2008 Canadian Community Health Survey. Participants were employed adults ≥18 years of age who had no long-term health condition which reduced their participation in physical activity. Latent class analysis determined naturally occurring combinations of physical activity facilities at or near work. Each combination was balanced by 19 individual and occupational covariate characteristics using inverse probability of treatment weights derived from propensity scores. The association between combinations of physical activity facilities at or near work on LTPA level was estimated by multinomial logistic regression. Five different combinations of physical activity facilities were available to respondents at or near work. Data were analyzed in 2017. All possible physical facilities increased the likelihood for LTPA (OR, 2.08, 95% CI, 1.03–4.20) and other combinations were also positively associated. Respondents with no physical activity facilities were characterized as having a low education, low income, high physically demanding work, poor health and mental health, non-white racial background, and being an immigrant. Access to supportive workplace environments can help workers be physically active. Future research should assess a range of personal, social and environmental factors that may be driving this relationship. A quarter of Canadian workers reported no access to facilities at or near work to promote physical activity. Five naturally occurring combinations of physical activity facilities available in Canadian workplaces All facilities; and a place to walk, showers/change rooms and health programs promising strategies for physical activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviroop Biswas
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2E9, Canada
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2E9, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work & Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2E9, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7, Canada
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Biswas A, Smith PM, Gignac MAM. Access to Showers and Change Rooms at Work Associated With Active Commuting Among Older Workers: Findings From a National Population Survey. J Appl Gerontol 2018; 39:214-220. [PMID: 29381119 DOI: 10.1177/0733464818755313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to workplace showers and change rooms (WS/CR) has been found to be associated with active commuting (AC). Yet it is unclear whether this extends to older workers. We examined the association between WS/CR and AC (walking, cycling) comparing older and younger workers. Data came from 53,294 respondents to the 2007-2008 Canadian Community Health Survey. Associations between WS/CR and walking and cycling were analyzed for main effects and by age and sex using logistic regression. Compared with younger ages, workers 50 to 75 years old were more likely to cycle to work if WS/CR were available (odds ratio [OR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.13, 2.58]), though the overall and sex-related associations between WS/CR and AC were nonsignificant. WS/CR may be a promising strategy to promote AC particularly among older workers. With large numbers of middle- and older-aged adults working longer, the implications of AC for sustaining good health may be considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monique A M Gignac
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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