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Elemam NM, Hotait HY, Saleh MA, El-Huneidi W, Talaat IM. Insulin-like growth factor family and prostate cancer: new insights and emerging opportunities. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1396192. [PMID: 38872970 PMCID: PMC11169579 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1396192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. The mammalian insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family is made up of three ligands (IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin), three receptors (IGF-I receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor (IR), and IGF-II receptor (IGF-2R)), and six IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). IGF-I and IGF-II were identified as potent mitogens and were previously associated with an increased risk of cancer development including prostate cancer. Several reports showed controversy about the expression of the IGF family and their connection to prostate cancer risk due to the high degree of heterogeneity among prostate tumors, sampling bias, and evaluation techniques. Despite that, it is clear that several IGF family members play a role in prostate cancer development, metastasis, and androgen-independent progression. In this review, we aim to expand our understanding of prostate tumorigenesis and regulation through the IGF system. Further understanding of the role of IGF signaling in PCa shows promise and needs to be considered in the context of a comprehensive treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M. Elemam
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohamed A. Saleh
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman M. Talaat
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Smilnak GJ, Lee Y, Chattopadhyay A, Wyss AB, White JD, Sikdar S, Jin J, Grant AJ, Motsinger-Reif AA, Li JL, Lee M, Yu B, London SJ. Plasma protein signatures of adult asthma. Allergy 2024; 79:643-655. [PMID: 38263798 PMCID: PMC10994188 DOI: 10.1111/all.16000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult asthma is complex and incompletely understood. Plasma proteomics is an evolving technique that can both generate biomarkers and provide insights into disease mechanisms. We aimed to identify plasma proteomic signatures of adult asthma. METHODS Protein abundance in plasma was measured in individuals from the Agricultural Lung Health Study (ALHS) (761 asthma, 1095 non-case) and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (470 asthma, 10,669 non-case) using the SOMAScan 5K array. Associations with asthma were estimated using covariate adjusted logistic regression and meta-analyzed using inverse-variance weighting. Additionally, in ALHS, we examined phenotypes based on both asthma and seroatopy (asthma with atopy (n = 207), asthma without atopy (n = 554), atopy without asthma (n = 147), compared to neither (n = 948)). RESULTS Meta-analysis of 4860 proteins identified 115 significantly (FDR<0.05) associated with asthma. Multiple signaling pathways related to airway inflammation and pulmonary injury were enriched (FDR<0.05) among these proteins. A proteomic score generated using machine learning provided predictive value for asthma (AUC = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.75-0.79 in training set; AUC = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.69-0.75 in validation set). Twenty proteins are targeted by approved or investigational drugs for asthma or other conditions, suggesting potential drug repurposing. The combined asthma-atopy phenotype showed significant associations with 20 proteins, including five not identified in the overall asthma analysis. CONCLUSION This first large-scale proteomics study identified over 100 plasma proteins associated with current asthma in adults. In addition to validating previous associations, we identified many novel proteins that could inform development of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J. Smilnak
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yura Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhijnan Chattopadhyay
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Annah B. Wyss
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Julie D. White
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- GenOmics and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sinjini Sikdar
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | | | - Andrew J. Grant
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison A. Motsinger-Reif
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mikyeong Lee
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie J. London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Hjortebjerg R, Høgdall C, Hansen KH, Høgdall E, Frystyk J. The IGF-PAPP-A-Stanniocalcin Axis in Serum and Ascites Associates with Prognosis in Patients with Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2014. [PMID: 38396692 PMCID: PMC10888379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and PAPP-A2 modulate insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action and are inhibited by the stanniocalcins (STC1 and STC2). We previously demonstrated increased PAPP-A and IGF activity in ascites from women with ovarian carcinomas. In this prospective, longitudinal study of 107 women with ovarian cancer and ascites accumulation, we determined corresponding serum and ascites levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, PAPP-A, PAPP-A2, STC1, and STC2 and assessed their relationship with mortality. As compared to serum, we found highly increased ascites levels of PAPP-A (51-fold) and PAPP-A2 (4-fold). Elevated levels were also observed for IGF-1 (12%), STC1 (90%) and STC2 (68%). In contrast, IGF-2 was reduced by 29% in ascites. Patients were followed for a median of 38.4 months (range: 45 days to 8.9 years), during which 73 patients (68.2%) died. Overall survival was longer for patients with high serum IGF-1 (hazard ratio (HR) per doubling in protein concentration: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40-0.90). However, patients with high ascites levels of IGF-1 showed a poorer prognosis (HR: 2.00 (1.26-3.27)). High serum and ascites IGF-2 levels were associated with increased risk of mortality (HR: 2.01 (1.22-3.30) and HR: 1.78 (1.24-2.54), respectively). Similarly, serum PAPP-A2 was associated with mortality (HR: 1.26 (1.08-1.48)). Our findings demonstrate the presence and activity of the IGF system in the local tumor ecosystem, which is likely a characteristic feature of malignant disease and plays a role in its peritoneal dissemination. The potential clinical implications are supported by our finding that serum levels of the proteins are associated with patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Claus Høgdall
- Department of Gynecology, Juliane Marie Center, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Kristian Horsman Hansen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
- OPEN Lab, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Pathology, Herlev University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark;
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4
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Ma C, Wang Y, Wilson KM, Mucci LA, Stampfer MJ, Pollak M, Penney KL. Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1-Related Biomarkers and Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:pkab091. [PMID: 35047751 PMCID: PMC8763370 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental and epidemiologic evidence supports the role of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels with the risk of prostate cancer. Most circulating IGF-1 is bound to specific binding proteins, and only about 5% circulates in a free form. We explored the relation of free IGF-1 and other components of the IGF system with lethal prostate cancer. Methods Using prospectively collected samples, we undertook a nested case-only analysis among 434 men with lethal prostate cancer and 524 men with indolent, nonlethal prostate cancer in the Physicians’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Prediagnostic plasma samples were assayed for free IGF-1 and total IGF-1, acid labile subunit, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), and intact and total IGF binding protein 4. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between IGF-1–related biomarkers and lethal prostate cancer using unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for age, height, and body mass index. Results Men in the highest quartile of PAPP-A levels had 42% higher odds of lethal prostate cancer (pooled adjusted OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.92) compared with men in the lowest 3 quartiles. There were no statistically significant differences in the other plasma analytes. The positive association between PAPP-A and lethal prostate cancer was present among men with intact PTEN but not among those with tumor PTEN loss (2-sided Pinteraction = .001). Conclusions Our study provides suggestive evidence that among men who later develop prostate cancer, higher plasma PAPP-A levels measured prior to diagnosis are associated with increased risk of lethal compared with indolent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence to: Chaoran Ma, MD, PhD, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA (e-mail: )
| | - Ye Wang
- Oncology Department, McGill University and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Oncology Department, McGill University and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn L Penney
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li L, Nian Y, Chen Y, Shen R, Ma X. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA) promotes breast cancer progression. Bioengineered 2022; 13:291-307. [PMID: 34974815 PMCID: PMC8805841 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females and poses a significant health threat to women. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA) is highly expressed in pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) tissues. In this study, we investigated the functional role of PAPPA in regulating the malignant phenotype of breast cancer. We first examined the expression level of PAPPA in PABC tissue and breast cancer cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase-chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Next, the functional role of PAPPA in breast cancer cells was validated by overexpression and knockdown experiments. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) proliferation assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, wound healing and transwell invasion assay were used to examine cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability. We further identified the microRNA target regulating PAPPA and studied its functional role. Finally, we examined the impact of PAPPA on the tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer in mice model. Our study revealed that PAPPA was upregulated in PABC tissues and breast cancer cells. Overexpression of PAPPA promoted cell proliferation, motility, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We further identified miR-497-5p as a negative regulator of PAPPA, which suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in breast cancer cells. We also validated the oncogenic role of PAPPA in the mouse xenograft model. Collectively, our study suggests that PAPPA is an oncogenic protein highly expressed in PABC tissues and promotes breast cancer progression, which could serve as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lanjiang Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yinghua Nian
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruoxia Shen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Oxidative Stress Markers among Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9681595. [PMID: 34336121 PMCID: PMC8321764 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9681595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic respiratory disorder, which can be present in up to 50% of the population, depending on the country. OSA is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airways with consistent movement of the respiratory musculature during sleep. Apneas and hypopneas can lead to a decrease in oxygen saturation, an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood, and subsequent arousals and sleep fragmentation caused by repetitive activation of the central nervous system. As a consequence, intermittent hypoxemia and consequent reoxygenation result in the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to systematic oxidative stress, which is postulated to be a key mechanism of endothelial dysfunction and increased risk for cardiovascular disorders in patients with OSA. In this review, various biomarkers of oxidative stress, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, superoxide dismutase, cell-free DNA, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, advanced oxidation protein products, lipid peroxidation products, receptor for advanced glycation end-products, and thioredoxin are discussed. Biomarkers of oxidative stress have the potential to be used to assess disease severity and treatment response. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is one of the most common noninvasive treatments for OSA; it keeps the upper airways open during sleep. This reduces episodes of intermittent hypoxia, reoxygenation, and arousal at night. CPAP has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and decrease oxidative stress. The administration of certain compounds, like vitamins A, C, and E as well as N-acetylcysteine and allopurinol, can decrease oxidative stress markers. However, their role in the treatment of OSA remains unclear.
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Nur SI, Ozturk A, Kavas M, Bulut I, Alparslan S, Aydogan ES, Atinkaya BC, Kolay M, Coskun A. IGFBP-4: A promising biomarker for lung cancer. J Med Biochem 2021; 40:237-244. [PMID: 34177367 PMCID: PMC8199439 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-25629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4), a member of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family, transports, and regulates the activity of IGFs. The pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) has proteolytic activity towards IGFBP-4, and both proteins have been associated with a variety of cancers, including lung cancer. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the use of IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A as potential biomarkers for lung cancer. Methods: Eighty-three volunteers, including 60 patients with lung cancer and 23 healthy individuals, were included in this study. The patients with lung cancer were selected based on their treatment status, histological subgroup, and stage of the disease. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess the serum levels of IGFBP-4 and PAPPA, whereas the IGF-1 levels were measured using a chemiluminescent immunometric assay. Results: The serum IGFBP-4 levels in all patient groups, regardless of the treatment status and histological differences, were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.005). However, the serum PAPP-A levels in the untreated patient group were found to be higher than those in the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.086). Conclusions: The serum PAPP-A and IGFBP-4 levels are elevated in lung cancer. However, IGFBP-4 may have better potential than PAPP-A as a lung cancer biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Irem Nur
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akin Ozturk
- University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kavas
- University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Chest Disease, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismet Bulut
- University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Alparslan
- University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Chest Disease, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eroglu Selma Aydogan
- University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Chest Disease, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baytemir Cansel Atinkaya
- University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kolay
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Coskun
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Prithviraj P, Anaka M, Thompson EW, Sharma R, Walkiewicz M, Tutuka CSA, Behren A, Kannourakis G, Jayachandran A. Aberrant pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A expression in breast cancers prognosticates clinical outcomes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13779. [PMID: 32792532 PMCID: PMC7426935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies, including breast cancers. Breast cancer is one of the most frequent carcinomas and is the second most common cancer type detected in women of child-bearing age. Throughout pregnancy PAPP-A is produced and secreted by the placental syncytiotrophoblast cells; co-incidentally pregnancy-associated breast cancers often have an aggressive clinical course. The components of the PAPP-A/IGF axis was assessed in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Using neutralising antibodies the impact of PAPP-A/IGF axis on cell motility was evaluated. PAPP-A was expressed in four of the twelve breast cancer cell lines tested. Blocking PAPP-A and IGFBP4 with neutralising antibodies significantly decreased motiliy of MDA-MB-231 cells. Upregulation of PAPP-A expression in breast tumours resulted in a trend towards worse overall survival. Notably, PAPP-A expression also positively correlated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers. In conclusion, these results indicate that PAPP-A plays an important role in breast cancer progression and it may be a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Prithviraj
- Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Technology Park- Central Suite 23, 106-110 Lydiard St Sth, Ballarat, VIC, 3350, Australia.,Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Anaka
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Revati Sharma
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Technology Park- Central Suite 23, 106-110 Lydiard St Sth, Ballarat, VIC, 3350, Australia.,Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Marzena Walkiewicz
- Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Candani S A Tutuka
- Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Behren
- Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Technology Park- Central Suite 23, 106-110 Lydiard St Sth, Ballarat, VIC, 3350, Australia.,Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Aparna Jayachandran
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat Technology Park- Central Suite 23, 106-110 Lydiard St Sth, Ballarat, VIC, 3350, Australia. .,Gallipoli Medical Research Institute and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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9
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Kashyap S, Zeidler JD, Chini CCS, Chini EN. Implications of the PAPP-A-IGFBP-IGF-1 pathway in the pathogenesis and treatment of polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109698. [PMID: 32569826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common genetic diseases implicated in the development of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Although FDA has recently approved a drug against ADPKD, there is still a great need for development of alternative management strategies for ADPKD. Understanding the different mechanisms that lead to cystogenesis and cyst expansion in ADPKD is imperative to develop new therapies against ADPKD. Recently, we demonstrated that caloric restriction can prevent the development of cystic disease in animal models of ADPKD and through these studies identified a new role for pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), a component of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) pathway, in the pathogenesis of this disease. The PAPP-A-IGF pathway plays an important role in regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and transformation and dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in many diseases. Several indirect studies support the involvement of IGF-1 in the pathogenesis of ADPKD. However, it was only recently that we described a direct role for a component of this pathway in pathogenesis of ADPKD, opening a new avenue for the therapeutic approaches for this cystic disease. The present literature review will critically discuss the evidence that supports the role of components of IGF pathway in the pathogenesis of ADPKD and discuss the pharmacological implications of PAPP-A-IGF axis in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kashyap
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Julianna D Zeidler
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Claudia C S Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Eduardo Nunes Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Abstract
The insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of proteins are part of a complex network that regulates cell proliferation and survival. While this system is undoubtedly important in prenatal development and postnatal cell growth, members of this family have been implicated in several different cancer types. Increased circulating insulin and IGF ligands have been linked to increased risk of cancer incidence. This observation has led to targeting the IGF system as a therapeutic strategy in a number of cancers. This chapter aims to describe the well-characterized biology of the IGF1R system, outline the rationale for targeting this system in cancer, summarize the clinical data as it stands, and discuss where we can go from here.
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11
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Kashyap S, Hein KZ, Chini CC, Lika J, Warner GM, Bale LK, Torres VE, Harris PC, Oxvig C, Conover CA, Chini EN. Metalloproteinase PAPP-A regulation of IGF-1 contributes to polycystic kidney disease pathogenesis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135700. [PMID: 31990681 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The treatment options for ADPKD are limited. We observed an upregulation in several IGF-1 pathway genes in the kidney of Pkd1RC/RC mice, a model of ADPKD. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), a metalloproteinase that cleaves inhibitory IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), increasing the local bioactivity of IGF-1, was highly induced in the kidney of ADPKD mice. PAPP-A levels were high in cystic fluid and kidneys of humans with ADPKD. Our studies further showed that PAPP-A transcription in ADPKD was mainly regulated through the cAMP/CREB/CBP/p300 pathway. Pappa deficiency effectively inhibited the development of cysts in the Pkd1RC/RC mice. The role of PAPP-A in cystic disease appears to be regulation of the IGF-1 pathway and cellular proliferation in the kidney. Finally, preclinical studies demonstrated that treatment with a monoclonal antibody that blocks the proteolytic activity of PAPP-A against IGFBP4 ameliorated ADPKD cystic disease in vivo in Pkd1RC/RC mice and ex vivo in embryonic kidneys. These data indicated that the PAPP-A/IGF-1 pathway plays an important role in the growth and expansion of cysts in ADPKD. Our findings introduce a therapeutic strategy for ADPKD that involves the inhibition of PAPP-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kashyap
- Department of Anesthesiology and Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging
| | - Kyaw Zaw Hein
- Department of Anesthesiology and Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging
| | - Claudia Cs Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging
| | - Jorgo Lika
- Department of Anesthesiology and Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging
| | - Gina M Warner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging
| | - Laurie K Bale
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Robert M. and Billie Kelley Pirnie Translational PKD Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Robert M. and Billie Kelley Pirnie Translational PKD Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eduardo N Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology and Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging
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12
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Hjortebjerg R, Espelund U, Rasmussen TR, Folkersen B, Steiniche T, Georgsen JB, Oxvig C, Frystyk J. Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A2 Is Associated With Mortality in Patients With Lung Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:614. [PMID: 32982990 PMCID: PMC7492290 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and its homolog PAPP-A2 are enzymes that modulate the availability and mitogenic activity of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). PAPP-A has been implicated in numerous cancers but reports on PAPP-A2 in malignancy are non-existent. In a prospective observational study of 689 patients under suspicion of lung cancer, we examined levels of PAPP-A and PAPP-A2 and their relationship with mortality. Serum PAPP-A and PAPP-A2 concentrations were determined in pre-diagnostic blood samples using ELISA, and immunohistochemical staining of PAPP-A and PAPP-A2 was performed in malignant tissue from five operable patients. A total of 144 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer, whereas the diagnosis was rejected in 545 subjects, who served as a control group. PAPP-A2 concentrations were higher in patients with lung cancer [median (IQR): 0.33 (0.21-0.56) ng/mL] than in controls [0.27 (0.17-0.39) ng/mL], p < 0.001, whereas PAPP-A levels did not differ. Presence of PAPP-A and PAPP-A2 were confirmed in tumor specimens, and staining occurred in a heterogeneous pattern. Patients were observed for a median (range) of 7 (6; 8) years, during which 114 patients (79.2%) died. Patient mortality differed according to PAPP-A2 tertile (p < 0.001). PAPP-A2 was associated with mortality with an unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) per doubling in protein concentration of 1.30 (1.12; 1.53), p = 0.001. In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, and BMI, PAPP-A2 remained predictive of the endpoint with a hazard ratio per doubling in protein concentration of 1.25 (1.05; 1.48), p = 0.013. Collectively, PAPP-A2, but not PAPP-A, is elevated in patients with lung cancer and associated with mortality. This novel role of PAPP-A2 in cancer warrants further functional studies as well as validation in external cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology (KMEB), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Rikke Hjortebjerg
| | - Ulrick Espelund
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Birgitte Folkersen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology (KMEB), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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13
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Panagiotou G, Papakonstantinou E, Vagionas A, Polyzos SA, Mantzoros CS. Serum Levels of Activins, Follistatins, and Growth Factors in Neoplasms of the Breast: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:349-358. [PMID: 30388235 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Noninvasive biomarkers are needed for its early diagnosis and/or prognosis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this case-control study was the comparison of serum activins, follistatins, and members of the IGF family levels in women with benign vs malignant breast neoplasms vs apparently healthy controls. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Women with breast benign (n = 100) or malignant tumors (n = 145) and disease-free controls (n = 100) were recruited. Women with breast cancer were subsequently subdivided into recently diagnosed/treatment-naive (n = 112) and chemotherapy-treated (n = 33). Anthropometric, demographic, biochemical, and histological data were recorded. SETTING A breast cancer clinic in Thessaloniki, Greece. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum levels of activin A, activin B, follistatin, follistatin-like (FSTL)-3, total IGF-1, total and intact insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-4 and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) were measured with highly specific ELISA kits. RESULTS In adjusted comparisons, substantial differences in FSTL-3, total and intact IGFBP-4, PAPP-A, and total IGF-1 were observed between groups. In logistic regression analysis, primarily total IGFBP-4 levels were independently associated with the overall presence of breast malignancy. FSTL-3 was the only variable that could distinguish between a benign vs malignant breast mass. In linear regression analysis, FSTL-3 was independently associated with tumor size. CONCLUSIONS We showed that members of the IGF-1/IGFBP-4/PAPP-A axis and FSTL-3 may serve as surrogate markers in breast cancer. Future mechanistic and longitudinal studies and/or clinical trials are needed to explore the efficacy of these molecules as noninvasive biomarkers and their possible therapeutic potential in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Panagiotou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Stergios A Polyzos
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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14
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Smith YE, Toomey S, Napoletano S, Kirwan G, Schadow C, Chubb AJ, Mikkelsen JH, Oxvig C, Harmey JH. Recombinant PAPP-A resistant insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (dBP4) inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in a murine model of breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1016. [PMID: 30348128 PMCID: PMC6196427 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway plays a role in tumour development and progression. In vivo, IGF1 activity is regulated by the IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). IGFBP4 inhibits the activity of IGF1 but proteolytic cleavage by pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) releases active IGF1. A modified IGFBP4, dBP4, which was resistant to PAPP-A cleavage but retained IGF1 binding capacity, was engineered, expressed in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells and purified. This study examined the effects of dBP4 on IGF1-induced cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. The effect of intra-tumour injections of dBP4 on tumour angiogenesis and metastasis was examined using the 4T1.2luc orthotopic model of breast cancer. METHODS PAPP-A resistance and IGF binding capacity of dBP4 were characterized by Western blot and surface plasmon resonance, respectively. 4T1.2luc are mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells transfected with luciferase to allow in vivo imaging. The effect of dBP4 on IGF1-induced Akt activation in 4T1.2luc cells was assessed by Western blot. Cell migration and invasion assays were performed using 4T1.2luc cells. Angiokit™ assays and Matrigel® implants were used to assess the effects of dBP4 on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, respectively. An orthotopic breast cancer model - 4T1.2luc cells implanted in the mammary fat pad of BALB/c mice - was used to assess the effect of intra tumour injection of purified dBP4 on tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. Tumour growth and lung metastasis were examined by in vivo imaging and tumour angiogenesis was evaluated by CD31 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our engineered, PAPP-A resistant IGFBP4 (dBP4) retained IGF1 binding capacity and inhibited IGF1 activation of Akt as well as IGF1-induced migration and invasion by 4T1.2 mammary adenocarcinoma cells. dBP4 inhibited IGF1-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in Matrigel implants in vivo. Direct intra-tumour injection of soluble dBP4 reduced angiogenesis in 4T1.2 luc mammary tumours tumour and reduced lung metastasis. CONCLUSION A PAPP-A resistant IGFBP4, dBP4, inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in 4T1.2 mammary fat pad tumours. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of dBP4 as an approach to block the tumour-promoting actions of IGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y E Smith
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Toomey
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Napoletano
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Kirwan
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - C Schadow
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A J Chubb
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J H Mikkelsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J H Harmey
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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15
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Szumska M, Damasiewicz-Bodzek A, Czubilińska J, Długaszek M, Gawlik K, Krywult A, Synowiec K, Wielkoszyński T, Tyrpień-Golder K. Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) Concentration in Population of Healthy Young People: Interactions with Tobacco Smoke and Anti-oxidative Status. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 19:120-128. [PMID: 30302668 PMCID: PMC6469831 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) is a high-molecular zinc-binding metalloproteinase that was first detected in the serum of pregnant women. It can also be detected in men and non-pregnant women. Recently, a growing interest in determining the concentration of PAPP-A as a marker of oxidative stress and atherosclerotic processes has been observed. Among the factors that could potentially influence the PAPP-A formation is the exposure to tobacco smoke. Some components of tobacco smoke have an immediate effect on the body and also direct influence on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between PAPP-A concentration and either passive or active exposure to tobacco smoke in the population of medicine students (n = 152). The relation between PAPP-A concentration and chosen markers of inflammatory response and anti-oxidative processes was analyzed. The samples of serum, urine, and saliva were collected and main nicotine metabolites in urine samples were determined using ELISA technique. Comparison of the PAPP-A concentrations in the study group revealed that in the group of active smokers, the concentration of the protein was significantly higher than in the group of passive smokers (p = .04) and the group of not-exposed students (p = .006). PAPP-A concentration showed significant positive correlation with the values of FRAP and main nicotine metabolites. The evident influence of both active and passive tobacco smoke exposure on PAPP-A levels in the studied population of young people who in general are not included in the group of high-risk cardiovascular incidents, shows how important early prevention of anti-health behaviors is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szumska
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Damasiewicz-Bodzek
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Czubilińska
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Michał Długaszek
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Kaja Gawlik
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Krywult
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Konrad Synowiec
- Students Research Group of Chair and Department of Chemistry, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wielkoszyński
- Analytical-Bacteriological Laboratory, NZOZ, Pulmonology Unit, Tarnowskie Góry, Poland
| | - Krystyna Tyrpień-Golder
- Department of Chemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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16
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Hjortebjerg R. IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A in normal physiology and disease. Growth Horm IGF Res 2018; 41:7-22. [PMID: 29864720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) is a modulator of the IGF system, exerting both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on IGF-induced cellular growth. IGFBP-4 is the principal substrate for the enzyme pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). Through IGF-dependent cleavage of IGFBP-4 in the vicinity of the IGF receptor, PAPP-A is able to increase IGF bioavailability and stimulate IGF-mediated growth. Recently, the stanniocalcins (STCs) were identified as novel inhibitors of PAPP-A proteolytic activity, hereby adding additional members to the seemingly endless list of proteins belonging to the IGF family. Our understanding of these proteins has advanced throughout recent years, and there is evidence to suggest that the role of IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A in defining the relationship between total IGF and IGF bioactivity can be linked to a number of pathological conditions. This review provides an overview of the experimental and clinical findings on the IGFBP-4/PAPP-A/STC axis as a regulator of IGF activity and examines the conundrum surrounding extrapolation of circulating concentrations to tissue action of these proteins. The primary focus will be on the biological significance of IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A in normal physiology and in pathophysiology with emphasis on metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Finally, the review assesses current new trajectories of IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark.
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17
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Abstract
The zinc metalloproteinase, PAPP-A, enhances local insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action through cleavage of inhibitory IGF-binding proteins, thereby increasing IGF available for IGF receptor-mediated cell proliferation, migration and survival. In many tumors, enhanced IGF receptor signaling is associated with tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. We will first discuss PAPP-A structure and function, and post-translational inhibitors of PAPP-A expression or proteolytic activity. We will then review the evidence supporting an important role for PAPP-A in many cancers, including breast, ovarian and lung cancer, and Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Conover
- From the Division of Endocrinology Mayo ClinicRochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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The Relation between Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Can Respir J 2018; 2018:3297810. [PMID: 29973962 PMCID: PMC6008913 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3297810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) levels and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Materials and Method 44 patients with OSAS and 44 healthy adults were included in this study. The participants having rheumatic or systemic inflammatory disease, advanced liver or kidney failure, diabetes, heart failure, hypertension, pregnancy, prerenal azotemia, known history of coronary artery disease, any pulmonary disease, rhinitis, or atopy, history of major trauma or surgery within the last six 6 months, and inhaled nasal or systemic corticosteroid use or other anti-inflammatory medications and those with <18 years of age were excluded. Serum PAPP-A levels were determined by the Elisa method with the immune sandwich measuring method. Statistical analysis of the study was performed with SPSS 17.0 statistical analysis package program, and p < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results Serum PAPP-A levels of patients with OSAS (2.350 ng/ml (0.641–4.796)) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) when compared with healthy controls (0.971 ng/ml (0.109–2.679)). There was a statistically significant difference in serum PAPP-A levels between groups of OSAS patients according to the classification of OSAS severity. Between the groups of patients with OSAS, serum levels of PAPP-A in moderate group was significantly higher when compared with severe OSAS group (p < 0.001). There was positive correlations between PAPP-A levels and night minimum (p=0.042, r=0.309), and average oxygen levels (p=0.006, r=0.407). There was a negative correlation between PAPP-A levels and AHI (p=0.002, r=−0.460). Conclusion Higher PAPP-A levels in OSAS patients that were found in this study show inflammatory component in OSAS.
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19
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Doello K. The role of trophoblastic epigenetic reprogrammation in benign tumor cells on malignant progression: A molecular hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2018. [PMID: 29523298 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer tissues and placental ones share many properties such as invasiveness, metastasis and local immunosuppressive effects. The goal of the present article is to hypothesize a theory about cancer origin that links placental and cancerous tissues at molecular level. This hypothesis explain that cancer origin could be due to low hypoxic conditions in the peripheral zones of benign tumors which might up-regulate the expression of IGF2, and, consequently, trophoblastic genes. In fact, many phenotypic characteristics and molecular markers are shared between these two cell types (cancerous and trophoblastics ones), providing evidences to support this hypothesis. As a consequence, it could be interesting to demonstrate whether cancer start with a cellular reprogrammation towards a trophoblastic fate in order to design new antitumoral strategies focused on this fact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Doello
- Medical Oncology Service, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital (Granada), Av. Fuerzas Armadas, sn, 18014 Granada, Spain.
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20
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Bulut I, Ozseker ZF, Coskun A, Serteser M, Unsal I. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) levels in patients with severe allergic asthma are reduced by omalizumab. J Asthma 2017; 55:1116-1121. [PMID: 29211611 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1396471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remodeling is a crucial feature of severe asthma and may be associated with activation of the allergic cascade by immunoglobulin E (IgE). Omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, effectively targets the severe allergic asthma phenotype. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is an insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) protease, increasing local insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 concentrations, which in turn initiating a cascade involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation in various tissues. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of omalizumab on serum PAPP-A, IGFBP-4, and IGF-1 levels in subjects with severe allergic asthma. METHODS We studied 36 asthmatic subjects and 36 healthy controls. An ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to measure serum PAPP-A levels, and routine commercial ELISA kits were employed to assess serum levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-4 in control subjects and asthmatic subjects before therapy (baseline) and after six months of omalizumab therapy in patients with severe asthma. RESULTS Compared to control subjects, serum PAPP-A and IGFB-4 levels were significantly higher in asthmatic subjects (both p values < 0.001). However, the serum IGF-I levels of asthmatic subjects were similar to those of control subjects (p > 0.05). In asthma subjects, 6-month omalizumab treatment significantly decreased the serum PAPP-A (p < 0.001), IGF-I (p = 0.031), and IGFB4 (p = 0.025) levels. CONCLUSION PAPP-A level may be a useful biomarker for predicting airway remodeling in patients with severe asthma receiving omalizumab, and may also reflect the response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Bulut
- a Health Science University, Sureyyapasa Chest Disease and Chest Surgery Research and Training Hospital , Department of Immunology and Allergy Disease , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Zeynep F Ozseker
- c Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine , Department of Chest Disease Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Coskun
- b Acıbadem University, Faculty of Medicine , Department of Medical Biochemistry , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Serteser
- b Acıbadem University, Faculty of Medicine , Department of Medical Biochemistry , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Unsal
- b Acıbadem University, Faculty of Medicine , Department of Medical Biochemistry , Istanbul , Turkey
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21
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Bale LK, West SA, Conover CA. Inducible knockdown of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A gene expression in adult female mice extends life span. Aging Cell 2017; 16:895-897. [PMID: 28600811 PMCID: PMC5506424 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) knockout (KO) mice, generated through homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, have a significantly increased lifespan compared to wild-type littermates. However, it is unknown whether this longevity advantage would pertain to PAPP-A gene deletion in adult animals. In the present study, we used tamoxifen (Tam)-inducible Cre recombinase-mediated excision of the floxed PAPP-A (fPAPP-A) gene in mice at 5 months of age. fPAPP-A mice, which were either positive (pos) or negative (neg) for Tam-Cre, received Tam treatment with quarterly boosters. Only female mice could be used with this experimental design. fPAPP-A/neg and fPAPP-A/pos mice had similar weights at the start of the experiment and showed equivalent weight gain. We found that fPAPP-A/pos mice had a significant extension of life span (P = 0.005). The median life span was increased by 21% for fPAPP-A/pos compared to fPAPP-A/neg mice. Analysis of mortality in life span quartiles indicated that the proportion of deaths of fPAPP-A/pos mice were lower than fPAPP-A/neg mice at young adult ages (P = 0.002 for 601-800 days) and higher than fPAPP-A/neg mice at older ages (P = 0.004 for >1000 days). Thus, survival curves and age-specific mortality indicate that female mice with knockdown of PAPP-A gene expression as adults have an extended healthy life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K. Bale
- Endocrine Research UnitMayo Clinic200 First Street SWRochesterMN55905USA
| | - Sally A. West
- Endocrine Research UnitMayo Clinic200 First Street SWRochesterMN55905USA
| | - Cheryl A. Conover
- Endocrine Research UnitMayo Clinic200 First Street SWRochesterMN55905USA
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22
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Conover CA, Oxvig C. PAPP-A: a promising therapeutic target for healthy longevity. Aging Cell 2017; 16:205-209. [PMID: 28035757 PMCID: PMC5334524 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a proteolytic enzyme that was discovered to increase local insulin-like growth factor (IGF) availability for receptor activation through cleavage of inhibitory IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). Reduced IGF signaling has been associated with increased lifespan and healthspan. Therefore, inhibition of PAPP-A represents a novel approach to indirectly decrease the availability of bioactive IGF. Here, we will review data in support of PAPP-A as a therapeutic target to promote healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus Universitet; Aarhus Denmark
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Evaluation of Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A Levels in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Associations with Disease Severity. Inflammation 2017; 39:1130-3. [PMID: 27090654 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a systemic disorder characterized by chronic airflow limitation and an increased inflammatory response of the airways. Comorbidities are frequent in COPD and it is crucial to predict these in early stage for adequate management of COPD. Recent studies have reported that elevated levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), a zinc-binding metalloproteinase, detected in patients with asthma, lung cancer, and pulmonary embolism and independently associated with cardiovascular events. We aimed to assess serum PAPP-A levels in COPD and the associations between disease severity. The study population consisted of 75 COPD patients and 35 healthy subjects as a control group. PAPP-A levels were measured by using ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Elevated levels of PAPP-A were observed in patients with COPD on comparison with the controls (p = 0.000). The levels in stage 1 (34.73 ± 22.97) and stage 2 (48.29 ± 53.35) were significantly higher than stage 3 (20.58 ± 22.98) and stage 4 (27.36 ± 21.46) (p = 0.049). Increased PAPP-A levels may be a useful marker in management of COPD that seeks to prevent the development of comorbidities such as adverse cardiovascular diseases.
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Kirschner A, Thiede M, Grünewald TGP, Alba Rubio R, Richter GHS, Kirchner T, Busch DH, Burdach S, Thiel U. Pappalysin-1 T cell receptor transgenic allo-restricted T cells kill Ewing sarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1273301. [PMID: 28344885 PMCID: PMC5353903 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1273301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA), also known as pappalysin, is a member of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family. PAPPA acts as a protease, cleaving IGF inhibitors, i.e., IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), thereby setting free IGFs. The insulin/IGF-axis is involved in cancer in general and in Ewing sarcoma (ES) in particular. ES is a highly malignant bone tumor characterized by early metastatic spread. PAPPA is associated with various cancers. It is overexpressed and required for proliferation in ES. PAPPA also stimulates normal bone growth. We isolated HLA-A*02:01+/peptide-restricted T cells from A*02:01− healthy donors directed against PAPPA, generated by priming with A*02:01+ PAPPA peptide loaded dendritic cells. After TCR identification, retrovirally TCR transduced CD8+ T cells were assessed for their in vitro specificity and in vivo efficacy in human ES bearing Rag2−/−γc−/− mice. Engraftment in mice and tumor infiltration of TCR transgenic T cells in the mice was evaluated. The TCR transgenic T cell clone PAPPA-2G6 demonstrated specific reactivity toward HLA-A*02:01+/PAPPA+ ES cell lines. We furthermore detected circulating TCR transgenic T cells in the blood in Rag2−/−γc−/− mice and in vivo engraftment in bone marrow. Tumor growth in mice with xenografted ES was significantly reduced after treatment with PAPPA-2G6 TCR transgenic T cells in contrast to controls. Tumors of treated mice revealed tumor-infiltrating PAPPA-2G6 TCR transgenic T cells. In summary, we demonstrate that PAPPA is a first-rate target for TCR-based immunotherapy of ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kirschner
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , München, Germany
| | - Melanie Thiede
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , München, Germany
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology of the LMU Munich, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebeca Alba Rubio
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology of the LMU Munich , München, Germany
| | - Günther H S Richter
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology of the LMU Munich, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Munich, München, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München , München, Germany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Munich, München, Germany
| | - Uwe Thiel
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , München, Germany
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25
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Bøtkjær JA, Borgbo T, Kløverpris S, Noer PR, Oxvig C, Andersen CY. Effect of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the level and activity of PAPP-A and the hormone profile in fluid from normal human small antral follicles. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:1778-1786.e8. [PMID: 27793387 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reveal a possible relationship between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PAPP-A-1224 (rs7020782) and 327 (rs12375498)-and the level and activity of PAPP-A in follicular fluid (FF) of human small antral follicles, and to analyze the intrafollicular hormone levels. DESIGN Laboratory investigation. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Fifty volunteer women who contributed a total of 210 samples of FF from normal small antral follicles. INTERVENTION(S) Genotyping and measurement of antigen levels of steroids, PAPP-A, stanniocalcin-2 (STC2), and antimüllerian hormone (AMH) plus activity of PAPP-A toward insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP-4). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Measurement of PAPP-A levels and hormones with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and PAPP-A activity toward radiolabeled IGFBP-4. RESULT(S) Women homozygous for the minor C allele of the 1224 SNP showed a statistically significantly lower level of PAPP-A protein and activity in FF compared with women carrying the major A allele. These women also displayed nonsignificant reduced levels of estradiol and increased levels of AMH and androgen. A statistically significant correlation between FF levels of PAPP-A activity and the molar ratio of PAPP-A/STC2 was obtained. The 327 SNP did not show statistically significant associations. CONCLUSION(S) This study presents a statistically significant effect of the 1224 SNP on the level and activity of PAPP-A in human follicles, suggesting that the FF level of bioactive insulin-like growth factor depends on the genotype. We observed STC2 to be an important regulator of PAPP-A in human FF. The 1224 SNP has previously been associated with recurrent pregnancy loss, so further evaluation of an underlying mechanism including aberrant control of insulin-like growth factor activity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Alrø Bøtkjær
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tanni Borgbo
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Kløverpris
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pernille Rimmer Noer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Li X, Liu J, Zhang Y. Octylphenol induced gene expression in testes of Frog, Rana chensinensis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 128:75-82. [PMID: 26896894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Octylphenol (OP) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), which can disrupt the reproductive system. To understand the effect of OP, a subtractive cDNA library was constructed using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to identify alterations of gene transcription in the testes of the frog Rana chensinensis after OP exposure. Two hundred positive clones were selected and 134 sequences of gene fragments were produced from the subtractive library randomly. These genes were identified to be involved in metabolic process, cellular process, biological regulation, stimulus, immune system and female pregnancy process. In order to verify the efficiency of the subtractive cDNA library, PSG9 and PAPP-A were analyzed further as two representatives of differentially expressed transcription genes using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Our result was the first successful construction of the subtractive cDNA library in frog testes after OP treatment. Based on this cDNA library, OP was shown to affect multiple physiological processes including inducing immune response, disrupting the steroid hormone synthesis and influencing spermatogenesis in the testis by up-regulation of specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Regions'Sustainable Development, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Regions'Sustainable Development, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Qinba Regions'Sustainable Development, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China.
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27
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Prithviraj P, Anaka M, McKeown SJ, Permezel M, Walkiewicz M, Cebon J, Behren A, Jayachandran A. Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A links pregnancy and melanoma progression by promoting cellular migration and invasion. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15953-65. [PMID: 25940796 PMCID: PMC4599249 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most common cancer diagnosed in pregnant women and an aggressive course with poorer outcomes is commonly described during pregnancy or shortly after childbirth. The underlying mechanisms for this are not understood. Here, we report that melanoma migration, invasiveness and progression are promoted by pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA), a pregnancy-associated metalloproteinase produced by the placenta that increases the bioavailability of IGF1 by cleaving it from a circulating complex formed with IGFBP4. We show that PAPPA is widely expressed by metastatic melanoma tumors and is elevated in melanoma cells exhibiting mesenchymal, invasive and label-retaining phenotypes. Notably, inhibition of PAPPA significantly reduced invasion and migration of melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo within the embryonic chicken neural tube. PAPPA-enriched pregnancy serum treatment enhanced melanoma motility in vitro. Furthermore, we report that IGF1 can induce the phenotypic and functional effects of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in melanoma cells. In this study, we establish a clear relationship between a pregnancy-associated protein PAPPA, melanoma and functional effects mediated through IGF1 that provides a plausible mechanism for accelerated melanoma progression during pregnancy. This opens the possibility of targeting the PAPPA/IGF1 axis therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Prithviraj
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Anaka
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Sonja J McKeown
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Marzena Walkiewicz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Cebon
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Andreas Behren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Aparna Jayachandran
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
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28
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Prognostic value of serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A level at the initial ED presentation in elderly patients with CAP. Am J Emerg Med 2015; 33:1232-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Mikkelsen JH, Resch ZT, Kalra B, Savjani G, Kumar A, Conover CA, Oxvig C. Indirect targeting of IGF receptor signaling in vivo by substrate-selective inhibition of PAPP-A proteolytic activity. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1014-25. [PMID: 24572990 PMCID: PMC4011579 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway is involved in certain human cancers, and the feasibility of directly targeting the IGF receptor has been actively investigated. However, recent evidence from clinical trials suggests that this approach can be problematic. We have developed an alternative strategy to indirectly inhibit the IGF signaling by targeting the metalloproteinase, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). PAPP-A associated with the cell surface cleaves IGF binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4), when IGF is bound to IGFBP-4, and thereby increases IGF bioavailability for receptor activation in an autocrine/paracrine manner. We hypothesized that inhibition of PAPP-A would suppress excessive local IGF signaling in tissues where this is caused by increased PAPP-A proteolytic activity. To test this hypothesis, we developed an inhibitory monoclonal antibody, mAb 1/41, which targets a unique substrate-binding exosite of PAPP-A. This inhibitor selectively and specifically inhibits proteolytic cleavage of IGFBP-4 with an inhibitory constant (Ki) of 135 pM. In addition, it inhibited intracellular signaling of the IGF receptor (AKT phosphorylation) in monolayers of A549 cells, an IGF-responsive lung cancer-derived cell line found to express high levels of PAPP-A. We further showed that mAb 1/41 is effective towards PAPP-A bound to cell surfaces, and that it is capable of inhibiting PAPP-A activity in vivo. Using a murine xenograft model of A549 cells, we demonstrated that mAb 1/41 administered intraperitoneally significantly inhibited tumor growth. Analysis of xenograft tumor tissue recovered from treated mice showed penetration of mAb 1/41, reduced IGFBP-4 proteolysis, and reduced AKT phosphorylation. Our study provides proof of concept that IGF signaling can be selectively reduced by targeting a regulatory proteinase that functions extracellularly, upstream of the IGF receptor. PAPP-A targeting thus represents an alternative therapeutic strategy for inhibiting IGF receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob H Mikkelsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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30
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The role of PAPP-A in the IGF system: location, location, location. J Cell Commun Signal 2015; 9:177-87. [PMID: 25617049 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-015-0259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although discovered as a placental protein present abundantly in the circulation of pregnant women, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is widely expressed in multiple tissues. PAPP-A is a highly specific metalloproteinase binding tightly to glycosaminoglycans present on the surface of cells. By cleaving a subset of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), PAPP-A thus functions within tissues as a growth-promoting enzyme, releasing bioactive IGF in close proximity to the IGF receptor. IGFBP-4 is believed to be the principal PAPP-A substrate, and the focus in this review is on PAPP-A enzymatic activity and its role in the PAPP-A-IGFBP-4-IGF axis, which is subject to regulation at several different levels. These include e.g., transcriptional control, competing reactions potentially sequestering IGF from IGFBP-4 and hence antagonizing PAPP-A-mediated IGF activation, and proteolytic inhibition of PAPP-A. The latter may involve the protein stanniocalcin-2 (STC2), recently found to potently inhibit PAPP-A activity by forming a covalent complex with PAPP-A. PAPP-A or complex-bound variants may escape from pathological tissues into the circulation. It is emphasized that the potential use of PAPP-A as a diagnostic or predictive biomarker in nonpregnant individuals requires precise knowledge of analyte identity and assay specificity in addition to an appropriate material for standardization. Finally, PAPP-A may serve as a therapeutic target to indirectly inhibit IGF signaling in tissues where this is driven by increased PAPP-A activity. By taking advantage of the intricate interaction between PAPP-A and IGFBP-4, highly specific and selective inhibition of PAPP-A is possible.
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31
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Mansfield AS, Visscher DW, Hart SN, Wang C, Goetz MP, Oxvig C, Conover CA. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A expression in human breast cancer. Growth Horm IGF Res 2014; 24:264-267. [PMID: 25468445 PMCID: PMC4308469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a zinc metalloproteinase in the insulin-like growth factor system that is expressed by tissues outside of pregnancy and involved in normal and dysregulated growth. PAPP-A has been implicated in several cancers. However, studies of PAPP-A expression in breast cancer are limited. In this study, we assessed PAPP-A expression in different subtypes of human malignant breast cancer. Design Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 46 female patients with invasive breast cancer were divided into five defined groups [using markers for HER2, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, proliferation] that roughly correlate with molecularly defined subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, luminal/HER2 +, HER2 +, triple negative). These samples were analyzed for PAPP-A expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PAPP-A staining in tumor tissue was detected in 45 of 46 specimens. There were significantly greater extent and intensity of PAPP-A expression in luminal B specimens with high proliferation index than luminal A specimens (P = 0.01). However, there were no differences between specimens positive or negative for HER2 (P = 0.14) or positive and negative for estrogen receptor (P = 0.31). CONCLUSION PAPP-A was detected in almost all breast cancer specimens and a more intense and greater extent of its expression was associated with luminal B specimens compared to luminal A specimens. The role of PAPP-A in breast cancer prognosis, and possibly therapeutics, warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron S. Mansfield
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | | | - Steven N. Hart
- Health Sciences Research, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Health Sciences Research, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Matthew P. Goetz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, MBG, Science Park, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cheryl A. Conover
- Division of Endocrinology Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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Mikkelsen JH, Steffensen LB, Oxvig C. Development of a recombinant antibody towards PAPP-A for immunohistochemical use in multiple animal species. J Immunol Methods 2013; 404:33-40. [PMID: 24333852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The metalloproteinase, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), is increasingly recognized as a modulator of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling; it cleaves IGF binding proteins causing the release of bioactive IGF. Accumulating evidence supports an important role of PAPP-A in both normal physiology and under different pathological conditions. However, antibodies for the detection of PAPP-A in non-human tissues have been lacking, although needed for use with several animal models which are currently being developed. To develop a monoclonal antibody suitable for the immunohistochemical detection of PAPP-A, we therefore selected a phage-derived scFv antibody, PAC1, specifically recognizing an epitope of PAPP-A, which is highly conserved between multiple animal species. We first converted this antibody into bivalent IgG, and verified its ability to recognize PAPP-A in sections of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. For increased sensitivity, affinity maturation to sub-nanomolar affinity was then carried out. The resulting recombinant antibody, PAC1-D8-mIgG2a, detects PAPP-A specifically and sensitively in human tissue. In addition, this antibody allows detection of PAPP-A in non-human species. We demonstrate its usefulness for the visualization of PAPP-A in murine and porcine tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob H Mikkelsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lasse B Steffensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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33
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Salim H, Arvanitis A, de Petris L, Kanter L, Hååg P, Zovko A, Özata DM, Lui WO, Lundholm L, Zhivotovsky B, Lewensohn R, Viktorsson K. miRNA-214 is related to invasiveness of human non-small cell lung cancer and directly regulates alpha protein kinase 2 expression. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 52:895-911. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hogir Salim
- Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 76; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Alexandros Arvanitis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 76; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Luigi de Petris
- Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 76; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Lena Kanter
- Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 76; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Petra Hååg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 76; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Ana Zovko
- Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 76; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Deniz Mahmut Özata
- Departmenzt of Oncology-Pathology; Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet; SE- 171 76; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Weng-Onn Lui
- Departmenzt of Oncology-Pathology; Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet; SE- 171 76; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 76; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Division of Toxicology; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Box 210; SE-171 77; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 76; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - Kristina Viktorsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology; Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 76; Stockholm; Sweden
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Berk S, Dogan OT, Aydemir EI, Bingol A, Ozsahin SL, Akkurt I. Diagnostic usefulness of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A in suspected pulmonary embolism. Multidiscip Respir Med 2013; 8:49. [PMID: 23902711 PMCID: PMC3733691 DOI: 10.1186/2049-6958-8-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of biomarkers for prognostication and diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) is increasing. It has been reported that pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) can be used as a proatherosclerotic marker. The present study was aimed to evaluate whether PAPP-A levels are helpful in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with suspected PE. Methods 53 consecutive patients evaluated for suspected PE were prospectively enrolled in the study. Serum PAPP-A levels were measured in the blood samples which were taken at admission. Multi-slice computed tomographic angiography was used to verify the diagnosis of PE. Results PE was detected in 24 out of the 53 patients, while it was excluded in 29 patients by thorax multi-detector computerized tomography scan. No significant difference was detected in mean serum PAPP-A level between groups (5.72 ± 0.31 mg/L vs. 5.67 ± 0.06 mg/L, respectively). Conclusions Serum PAPP-A level has no role in the evaluation for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Berk
- Department of Chest Diseases, Medical Faculty of Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
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Kløverpris S, Gaidamauskas E, Rasmussen LCV, Overgaard MT, Kronborg C, Knudsen UB, Christiansen M, Kumar A, Oxvig C. A robust immunoassay for pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 based on analysis of circulating antigen: establishment of normal ranges in pregnancy. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:756-63. [PMID: 23804707 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and PAPP-A2, two homologous metzincin metalloproteases, are both tightly linked to regulation within the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system because of their specific cleavage of IGF binding proteins. Recent studies suggest that PAPP-A may be involved in clinical conditions related to unwanted cellular growth, and the circulating levels of PAPP-A is an established biomarker in prenatal screening for chromosomal abnormalities. Microarray data indicate that PAPP-A2 has potential as a biomarker for pre-eclampsia. However, well-characterized immunological methods of quantification are not available. We therefore developed monoclonal antibodies against recombinant PAPP-A2. The antibodies were epitope mapped against recombinantly expressed chimeras between PAPP-A2 and PAPP-A. Furthermore, circulating PAPP-A2 was immunoaffinity purified and characterized by sequence analysis and mass spectrometry. Unlike PAPP-A, PAPP-A2 is a noncovalent dimer in which each subunit of 1558 amino acids originates from all of the 22 predicted coding exons. A previously hypothesized variant (PAPP-E) does not exist, but low amounts of a C-terminally truncated PAPP-A2 variant was detected. A sensitive and robust ELISA for full-length PAPP-A2 was developed and used to establish normal ranges of PAPP-A2 through pregnancy. The functional sensitivity of this ELISA at 20% CV was 0.08 ng/ml, and the serum concentration of PAPP-A2 was found to increase during pregnancy in agreement with placental synthesis. The existence of this assay will enable an assessment of the biomarker potential of PAPP-A2 in pre-eclampsia as well as other clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kløverpris
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
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Li Y, Zhou C, Zhou X, Li L, Hui R. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A predicts adverse vascular events in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2013; 9:389-97. [PMID: 23847657 PMCID: PMC3701985 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.35421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prospective studies about the association between elevated circulating pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and adverse vascular events in patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD) are inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to clarify this issue. MATERIAL AND METHODS We identified prospective studies by searching MEDLINE. The vascular outcomes included all-cause mortality, combination of all-cause mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and combined cardiovascular events. Prospective studies providing multivariable adjusted relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of pre-mentioned outcomes were included. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled RRs. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity or modifiable factors. RESULTS Fourteen studies with a total of 12 830 participants were included. Elevated PAPP-A level was associated with all-cause mortality (pooled RR 1.74, 95% CI: 1.45 to 2.09, p < 0.001), combined all-cause mortality and non-fatal MI (RR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.37 to 1.85, p < 0.001) and combined cardiovascular events (RR 1.50, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.85, p < 0.001). There was no significant heterogeneity. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed that the positive association was not affected by follow-up term, CHD type, different assay methods of PAPP-A, or studies with less than 5 adjusted variables. CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum PAPP-A level is associated with adverse vascular outcomes in patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China ; Hypertension Division, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China ; Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Li Y, Zhou C, Zhou X, Song L, Hui R. PAPP-A in cardiac and non-cardiac conditions. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 417:67-72. [PMID: 23262366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), a newly discovered member of insulin like growth factors (IGFs) axis, has been reported to be a biomarker in both cardiac and non-cardiac conditions. PAPP-A mainly acts as a protease cleaving IGF inhibitors - IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), thereby setting free IGFs. In cardiac conditions, PAPP-A plays an important role in progressive atherosclerosis. As a biomarker, PAPP-A is not only sensitive, specific and early for diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, but also an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality or combined cardiovascular events. In non-cardiac conditions, PAPP-A is a new anti-aging target. PAPP-A knock out (KO) mice have a prolonged lifespan than the wild type. In addition, PAPP-A is also a biomarker associated with malignant cancer and end stage renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
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Protein secretion is required for pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A to promote lung cancer growth in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48799. [PMID: 23152806 PMCID: PMC3494721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA) has been reported to regulate the activity of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signal pathway through proteolytic degradation of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) thereby increasing the local concentration of free IGFs available to receptors. In this study we found that PAPPA is secreted from two out of seven lung cancer cell lines examined. None of immortalized normal bronchial epithelial cells (HBE) tested secrets PAPPA. There is no correlation between expression level and secretion of PAPPA in these cells. A cell line over-expressing PAPPA accompanied with secretion shows no notable changes in proliferation under cell culture conditions in vitro, but displays significantly augmentation of tumor growth in vivo in a xenograft model. In contrast, a cell line over-expressing PAPPA without secretion exhibits reduction of tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Down-regulation of PAPPA expression and secretion by RNAi knockdown decreases tumor growth after implanted in vivo. The tumor promoting activity of PAPPA appears to be mediated mainly through augmentation of the IGF signaling pathway as indicated by notable increases in downstream Akt kinase phosphorylation in tumor samples. Our results indicate that PAPPA secretion may play an important role in lung cancer growth and progression.
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Conover CA. Key questions and answers about pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23:242-9. [PMID: 22463950 PMCID: PMC3348390 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five years after it was identified as a circulating protein of unknown function derived from the placenta, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) was discovered to be a novel zinc metalloproteinase expressed by a variety of cell types. Great progress has been made in understanding the biology of PAPP-A and its regulation during recent years, especially in regard to physiological and pathophysiological inflammatory injury responses. However, much remains to be learned about this complex protein and its potential clinical implications outside pregnancy. In this article we address some of the outstanding questions about PAPP-A, in particular about its newly emerging role in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Poaty H, Coullin P, Peko JF, Dessen P, Diatta AL, Valent A, Leguern E, Prévot S, Gombé-Mbalawa C, Candelier JJ, Picard JY, Bernheim A. Genome-wide high-resolution aCGH analysis of gestational choriocarcinomas. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29426. [PMID: 22253721 PMCID: PMC3253784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleven samples of DNA from choriocarcinomas were studied by high resolution CGH-array 244 K. They were studied after histopathological confirmation of the diagnosis, of the androgenic etiology and after a microsatellite marker analysis confirming the absence of contamination of tumor DNA from maternal DNA. Three cell lines, BeWo, JAR, JEG were also studied by this high resolution pangenomic technique. According to aCGH analysis, the de novo choriocarcinomas exhibited simple chromosomal rearrangements or normal profiles. The cell lines showed various and complex chromosomal aberrations. 23 Minimal Critical Regions were defined that allowed us to list the genes that were potentially implicated. Among them, unusually high numbers of microRNA clusters and imprinted genes were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Poaty
- INSERM U985, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris XI, Paris Sud, Orsay, France
- INSERM U782, Endocrinologie et génétique de la reproduction et du développement, Clamart, France
| | - Philippe Coullin
- Université Paris XI, Paris Sud, Orsay, France
- INSERM U782, Endocrinologie et génétique de la reproduction et du développement, Clamart, France
| | - Jean Félix Peko
- Service de carcinologie, service d'anatomie et de pathologie, CHU Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Philippe Dessen
- INSERM U985, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris XI, Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Ange Lucien Diatta
- Laboratoire de cytogénétique et de la reproduction, service d'obstétrique, Hôpital A. Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Eric Leguern
- UF de neurogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Prévot
- Université Paris XI, Paris Sud, Orsay, France
- INSERM U782, Endocrinologie et génétique de la reproduction et du développement, Clamart, France
| | - Charles Gombé-Mbalawa
- Service de carcinologie, service d'anatomie et de pathologie, CHU Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Jean-Jacques Candelier
- Université Paris XI, Paris Sud, Orsay, France
- INSERM U782, Endocrinologie et génétique de la reproduction et du développement, Clamart, France
| | - Jean-Yves Picard
- Université Paris XI, Paris Sud, Orsay, France
- INSERM U782, Endocrinologie et génétique de la reproduction et du développement, Clamart, France
| | - Alain Bernheim
- INSERM U985, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris XI, Paris Sud, Orsay, France
- Molecular Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
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Serum Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A in Patients With Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2011; 17:819-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chander H, Halpern M, Resnick-Silverman L, Manfredi JJ, Germain D. Skp2B overexpression alters a prohibitin-p53 axis and the transcription of PAPP-A, the protease of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22456. [PMID: 21829624 PMCID: PMC3150379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported that the degradation of prohibitin by the SCFSkp2B ubiquitin ligase results in a defect in the activity of p53. We also reported that MMTV-Skp2B transgenic mice develop mammary gland tumors that are characterized by an increased proteolytic cleavage of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (IGFBP-4), an inhibitor of IGF signaling. However, whether a link exists between a defect in p53 activity and proteolysis of IGFBP-4 was not established. Methods and Results We analyzed the levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), the protease of IGFBP-4, in MMTV-Skp2B transgenic mice and found that PAPP-A levels are elevated. Further, we found a p53 binding site in intron 1 of the PAPP-A gene and that both wild type and mutant p53 bind to this site. However, binding of wild type p53 results in the transcriptional repression of PAPP-A, while binding of mutant p53 results in the transcriptional activation of PAPP-A. Since MMTV-Skp2B mice express wild type p53 and yet show elevated levels of PAPP-A, at first, these observations appeared contradictory. However, further analysis revealed that the defect in p53 activity in Skp2B overexpressing cells does not only abolish the activity of wild type of p53 but actually mimics that of mutant p53. Our results suggest that in absence of prohibitin, the half-life of p53 is increased and like mutant p53, the conformation of p53 is denatured. Conclusions These observations revealed a novel function of prohibitin as a chaperone of p53. Further, they suggest that binding of denatured p53 in intron 1 causes an enhancer effect and increases the transcription of PAPP-A. Therefore, these findings indicate that the defect in p53 function and the increased proteolysis of IGFBP-4, we had observed, represent two components of the same pathway, which contributes to the oncogenic function of Skp2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Chander
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Max Halpern
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lois Resnick-Silverman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - James J. Manfredi
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Doris Germain
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Boldt HB, Conover CA. Overexpression of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A in ovarian cancer cells promotes tumor growth in vivo. Endocrinology 2011; 152:1470-8. [PMID: 21303951 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is an important regulatory component of the IGF system. Through proteolysis of inhibitory IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), PAPP-A acts as a positive modulator of local IGF signaling in a variety of biological systems. A role of IGF in the progression of several common forms of human cancer is now emerging, and therapeutic intervention of IGF receptor signaling is currently being explored. However, little is known about the activities of other components of the IGF system in relation to cancer. We hypothesized that PAPP-A acts to enhance tumor growth in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we overexpressed wild-type PAPP-A or a mutant PAPP-A with markedly reduced IGFBP protease activity in SKOV3 cells, a human ovarian carcinoma cell line with low tumorigenic potential. In vitro, SKOV3 clones with elevated PAPP-A expression (PAPP-A-1, PAPP-A-28) showed accelerated anchorage-independent growth in soft agar assays compared to clones overexpressing mutant PAPP-A (E483Q-1, E483Q-5) and vector controls. PAPP-A-28, with the highest PAPP-A expression and IGFBP proteolytic activity, also had markedly increased cell invasion through Matrigel. In vivo, we found significantly accelerated tumor growth rates of PAPP-A-overexpressing SKOV3 clones compared with mutant PAPP-A and controls. Investigation of angiogenesis indicated that overexpression of PAPP-A favored development of mature tumor vasculature and that tumor precursors of PAPP-A-28 in particular had a significantly higher degree of vascularization months before obvious tumor development. In conclusion, our data show that PAPP-A proteolytic activity enhances the tumorigenic potential of ovarian cancer cells and establish a novel tumor growth-promoting role of PAPP-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning B Boldt
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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