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Myung SK. An error in concept and definition of recommended dietary allowance developed in 1941: Time to create new ones. Nutrition 2024; 126:112519. [PMID: 39083952 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin C differs greatly (40-110 mg/d) across countries. In addition, vitamin D deficiency is, effectively, a pandemic, with a prevalence of approximately 25% to 80% across countries according to the findings in the recent scientific literature. However, these phenomena are attributable to a serious error in the concept and definition of RDA, which was developed in 1941. The current definition of RDA is the average daily dietary nutrient intake level that is deemed sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of almost all (97-98%) healthy individuals. This is an extremely high intake level for a specific nutrient affecting only a few individuals (the upper 2.5%) of the generally healthy population. The RDA should be redefined by investigating at which intake level of a specific nutrient the incidence of a specific disease or mortality increases or decreases based on prospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Kwon Myung
- Department of Cancer AI and Digital Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Korea; Department of Family Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
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Xu D, Hu X, Zhang R, Yang J, Yuan Y. Effect of sunlight on vitamin D and hemoglobin levels among the residents of Ningbo, China. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:850-857. [PMID: 38666347 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Objective: this study investigated the effect of sunlight on vitamin D and hemoglobin levels among the residents of Ningbo, China. The impact of gender, age, and season on vitamin D and hemoglobin levels was also explored. Methods: a total of 8,481 research subjects, including 5,146 men and 3,335 women, who were permanent residents of Ningbo and received health checkups at Ningbo Second Hospital, were included in the study. Ningbo City climate bulletin data from 2019 to 2022 was also included. Results: the study subjects received an average of 132.20 ± 40.05 h of sunlight exposure per month and had average vitamin D levels of 19.63 ± 6.61 ng/ml. Hemoglobin levels were adequate in 85.4 % of the participants and deficient in 14.6 %. Sunlight exposure correlated positively with vitamin D and negatively with hemoglobin levels. Regression analysis indicated that gender, age, and season affected vitamin D and hemoglobin levels to different degrees. Conclusion: in Ningbo, vitamin D deficiency was common in adults while hemoglobin levels were mostly normal. The amount of sunlight exposure had a significant effect on vitamin D and hemoglobin levels and this relationship was impacted by gender, age, and season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Xu
- Orthopedic Department. Ningbo No. 2 Hospital.The Third People's Hospital Health Care Group of Cixi
| | - Xuyue Hu
- Orthopedic Department. The Third People's Hospital Health Care Group of Cixi
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine. Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ji Yang
- Orthopedic Department. Ningbo No. 2 Hospital.The Third People's Hospital Health Care Group of Cixi
| | - Yi Yuan
- Orthopedic Department. Ningbo No. 2 Hospital.The Third People's Hospital Health Care Group of Cixi
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Kim SH, Chae CH. Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Serologic Response to Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination among Heavy Industry Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:723. [PMID: 39066360 PMCID: PMC11281628 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination has decreased the overall incidence of HBV infection; however, approximately 5 to 10% of people are non-responders to the vaccination. This study investigated the factors associated with non-response to HBV vaccination, with an emphasis on vitamin D deficiency (VDD). METHODS This retrospective observational study focused on adult workers in a single heavy industry. Individuals with negative initial hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) levels prior to vaccination and who then received a two- or three-dose series of HBV vaccinations were enrolled. The study endpoint was failure to achieve a seroprotective antibody response, defined as an anti-HBs titer less than 10 mIU/mL. Propensity score matching (PSM) and binary logistic regression models were used to adjust the outcomes for other clinical characteristics. RESULTS Among 760 workers, 566 (74.5%) exhibited VDD. The non-response rates to HBV vaccination were 13.4% (76/566) and 5.7% (11/194) among workers with and without VDD, respectively (p = 0.005). Even after adjustment using PSM, VDD was still associated with a higher rate of response failure (adjusted odds ratio 2.74; 95% confidence interval 1.40-5.38, p = 0.003). The binary logistic regression model showed that VDD, older age, omission of the third vaccine dose, lower initial anti-HBs titer, and current smoking were associated with response failure. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that VDD may impair the serologic response following HBV vaccination. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in increasing the response to HBV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ho Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Chae
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Republic of Korea
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Saeidlou SN, Vahabzadeh D, Karimi F, Babaei F. Determining the vitamin D supplementation duration to reach an adequate or optimal vitamin D status and its effect on blood lipid profiles: a longitudinal study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:81. [PMID: 38867281 PMCID: PMC11170904 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, Serum vitamin D (Vit. D) levels evaluation and the use of Vit. D supplements have increased substantially. There is no specific guideline for the duration of Vit. D supplementation, so yet Vit. D supplementation duration has remained a critical and controversial issue. This study aimed to determine the vit. D supplementation duration to reach an adequate or optimal Vit. D status and its effect on lipid profile. METHODS In this longitudinal study, 345 women with different status of Vit. D levels were enrolled and followed up for one year. Eligible participants received 50,000 IU Vit. D3 (cholecalciferol) once a month for 12 consecutive months. The serum Vit. D levels and lipid profiles were measured at baseline, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months after the intervention. Participants were categorized based on Vit. D level at baseline into deficiency (< 20 ng/mL), inadequate (20-30 ng/mL), and adequate (> 30 ng/mL) groups, and the data were compared at different times between the three groups. RESULTS Three deficiency (n = 73), inadequate (n = 138) and adequate (n = 134) groups of participants were followed. In all participants the average amount of Vit. D level changes were 8 ng/mL after one year of supplementation. The mean changes of serum Vit. D level in 6th and 12th months vs. 3th month was as below: In deficiency group: 4.08 ± 0.85 and 10.01 ± 1.02 ng/mL; (p < 0.001), in inadequate group: 3.07 ± 0.59 and 7.26 ± 0.78 ng/mL; (p = 0.001) and in adequate group: 2.02 ± 0.88 and 6.44 ± 1.005 ng/ml; (p = 0.001). Lipid profiles were improved in three groups. So, the mean changes of lipid profiles at the end of the study comparing with the baseline were: -5.86 ± 2.09, -7.22 ± 1.43 and - 6.17 ± 1.72 (mg/dl) for LDL (p < 0.05); -12.24 ± 3.08, -13.64 ± 3.21 and - 17.81 ± 2.94 (mg/dl) for cholesterol (p < 0.05) in deficiency, inadequate and adequate groups, respectively. For triglyceride, the mean changes were - 13.24 ± 5.78 and - 15.85 ± 7.49 (mg/dl) in deficiency and adequate groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Although the triglyceride decreased in the inadequate group at the end of the study but this difference was not significant (p = 0.67). CONCLUSION Taking of 50,000 IU Vit. D 3 monthly for 12 months resulted in reaching its level to adequate level in both deficiency and insufficient groups; however, in the adequate group its level did not reach above than 50 ng/mL. Therefore, 50,000 IU Vit. D3 supplementation monthly for one year can have beneficial effects on lipid profiles and there is no risk of toxicity in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Nouri Saeidlou
- Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Davoud Vahabzadeh
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Fozieh Karimi
- Midwifery Department, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Fariba Babaei
- Department of Health Affairs, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Ren Y, Zhang H, Qiu W, Wang H. Assessment of serum vitamin D levels in children aged 0-17 years old in a Chinese population: a comprehensive study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12562. [PMID: 38821990 PMCID: PMC11143243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency pose global public health challenges, yet research on serum vitamin D levels in the 0-17-year-old age group in southeastern China remains limited. This study aimed to fill this gap by investigating serum 25(OH)D levels in children in the region aged 0-17 years, contributing crucial data for understanding vitamin D nutritional status. Liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) technology was used. Vitamin D testing was integrated into routine diagnostic procedures for 11,116 children in Wujiang District, Suzhou City. Among the 0-17-year age group, comprising 6348 boys and 4768 girls, the prevalence of serum 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency was 21.4% and 31.0%, respectively. The median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 29.72 ng/mL (21.84-39.84 ng/mL) in boys compared to 28.48 ng/mL (20.65-39.23 ng/mL) in girls. Seasonal variations were observed, with median serum 25(OH)D concentrations of 29.02 ng/mL (20.73-39.72 ng/mL) in spring, 28.79 ng/mL (21.53-39.37 ng/mL) in summer, 30.12 ng/mL (22.00-39.70 ng/mL) in autumn, and 28.58 ng/mL (19.97-39.46 ng/mL) in winter. Statistically significant differences were noted in the serum 25(OH)D levels during autumn and winter. In conclusion, the rate of adequate vitamin D levels in local children was 47.5%, revealing a relatively high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (21.4%) and insufficiency (31.0%), especially during the post-preschool period. Advocating for vitamin D supplementation in children is crucial for ensuring adequate vitamin D support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqiong Ren
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenna Qiu
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongying Wang
- Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou, 215234, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Byun SE, Kim H, Lee SY, Kim SM. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) with vitamin D composite agent can prevent fracture better than SERMs treatment: based on the National Health Claims Database 2017-2019. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:775-783. [PMID: 38240755 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-024-07022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
With the analysis of nationwide health claim data, treatment with the composite agent of SERMs and vitamin D reduces the risk of osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture better compared to SERMs treatment in women with osteoporosis aged ≥ 50 years. PURPOSE This study compared the potential of the composite agent of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and vitamin D (SERM + VitD) with that of SERMs-only for fracture prevention and mortality reduction in women aged ≥ 50 years. METHODS The incidence of osteoporotic fracture (fractures of the vertebrae, hip, wrist, or humerus) and all-cause death after treatment with SERM + VitD and SERMs were characterized using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database 2017-2019. The participants were divided into two groups (SERM + VitD vs SERMs). After exclusion and propensity score matching, 2,885 patients from each group were included in the analysis. Fracture incidence was compared between groups. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to compare the risks of fracture occurrence and mortality between the groups. RESULTS The incidence rate (138.6/10,000 vs. 192.4/10,000 person-years), and risk of osteoporotic fractures (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.97; p = 0.024) were lower in the SERM + VitD group than in the SERMs group. Analysis for specific fractures showed a lower hazard of hip fracture in the SERM + VitD group (HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09-0.71; p = 0.009). No difference was observed between the groups regarding mortality. CONCLUSION The risk of osteoporotic fractures, especially hip fractures, was lower in the SERM + VitD group than in the SERMs group. Therefore, the composite agent of SERMs and vitamin D can be considered as a viable option for postmenopausal women with a relatively low fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eun Byun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasung Kim
- Data Science Team, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Data Science Team, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Adeniyi OV, Masilela C, George JA. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors among healthcare workers in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa; cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4756. [PMID: 38413628 PMCID: PMC10899187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assesses the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and its potential association with cardiometabolic risk factors among South African adults residing in the Eastern Cape province. In this cross-sectional study, 1244 healthcare workers (HCWs) completed a self-administered questionnaire and venous blood samples were drawn at two academic hospitals in the Eastern Cape. History of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were self-reported. Participants were categorised as obese if their body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. Participants were classified as having metabolic syndrome if they had hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity. Vitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency was defined as venous blood concentrations < 50 nmol/L. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and participants' characteristics were assessed using multivariate logistic regression model analysis. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 28.5% (n = 355), of whom 292 were female. Among the participants who were deficient in vitamin D, the prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome was 64.9% (n = 230), 9% (n = 32), 16.6% (n = 59), 2.3% (n = 8) and 18% (n = 64), respectively. In the adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, black Africans (AOR = 2.87; 95% CI 1.52-5.43) and individuals ≥ 42 years (AOR = 1.37; 95% CI 1.07-1.77) were more likely to exhibit vitamin D deficiency. However, there was no significant association by age, sex, and cardiometabolic markers. More than one in four healthcare workers was deficient in vitamin D among the study sample, especially the black Africans and older individuals. Further studies are needed at the population level to elucidate on the vitamin D status in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charity Masilela
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Jaya A George
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Park J, Choi Y, Cho S, Park H, Kim S, Cho HI, Nah EH. Vitamin D Status and Reference Intervals Measured by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Early Adulthood to Geriatric Ages in a South Korean Population during 2017-2022. Nutrients 2024; 16:604. [PMID: 38474732 PMCID: PMC10934696 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the latest 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status of the South Korean population aged ≥ 20 years using 25(OH)D concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and to determine the factors associated with total 25(OH)D concentrations. This cross-sectional, retrospective study consecutively selected 119,335 subjects with a median age of 57 (20-101) years who underwent health checkups among 13 Korean cities during 2017-2022. The total 25(OH)D concentration was 54.5 ± 24.0 nmol/L (mean ± SD). The 7.6%, 47.5%, and 82.9% of participants had 25(OH)D less than 25, 50, and 75 nmol/L, respectively. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (<25 nmol/L) was higher in females than in males (8.9% vs. 6.1%) and varied between age groups, decreasing in older subjects. Those aged 20-29 years had the highest prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (23.0% in females and 20.1% in males), which also varied between cities. In the adjusted model, female sex, older age, summer and autumn seasons, lower body mass index (<25 kg/m2), and lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration (<1 mg/L) were associated with higher total 25(OH)D concentrations. This study could provide an exact understanding of the status of vitamin D and help devise strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency among the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooheon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yongjun Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.C.)
| | - Seon Cho
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07572, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (H.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Hyeran Park
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07572, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (H.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Suyoung Kim
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07572, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (H.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Han-Ik Cho
- MEDIcheck LAB, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07572, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Hee Nah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.C.)
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Luo Y, Qu C, Zhang R, Zhang J, Han D, Na L. Geographic location and ethnicity comprehensively influenced vitamin D status in college students: a cross-section study from China. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:145. [PMID: 38124154 PMCID: PMC10734112 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D plays an important role in the health of adolescents, whereas vitamin D status of Chinese college students was seldom studied in China. To explore the vitamin D status and its relationship with ethnicity and geographic location in Chinese college students. METHODS The freshmen were taken a physical examination by trained medical personnel after they reported to university. Demographic information including age, gender, ethnicity, region of original residence was collected using a questionnaire survey. Serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were measured using a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer. Multiple regression analyses were used to explore the factors that influence serum 25(OH)D3 levels. RESULTS Totally 3220 freshmen who came from 26 provinces, autonomous districts or municipalities were recruited, with a mean age of 18.75 ± 1.18 years and 70.2% of them were female. The mean serum 25(OH)D3 levels were 18.51 ± 6.54 ng/mL, and the proportion of vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) and insufficiency (20 ~ < 30 ng/mL) was 64.4% and 30.2%, respectively. The combined proportion of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was increased with the latitude increased. Miao had the highest serum 25(OH)D3 levels, whereas Kazak ethnic had the lowest (22.51 ng/mL vs. 13.94 ng/mL) among different ethnic groups. Female students, students from city, Uighur and Kazak ethnic, residing in high latitude was significantly associated with lower serum 25(OH)D3 levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is an important health problem in Chinese college students. Sunlight activities, dietary and life-style intervention for college students according to geographic location and ethnicities should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Luo
- Medical Technology College, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Chunbo Qu
- Public Health College, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Public Health College, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Public Health College, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Dan Han
- Medical Technology College, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Lixin Na
- Public Health College, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Chailurkit LO, Ongphiphadhanakul B, Aekplakorn W. Update on vitamin D status in sunshine-abundant Thailand, 2019-2020. Nutrition 2023; 116:112161. [PMID: 37544190 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide remains unknown. In the Thai 4th National Health Examination Survey (2008-2009) cohort, ∼45% and 7% of the adult population had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D] levels below the threshold of 75 and 50 nmol/L, respectively. Vitamin D has been a hot topic in the scientific community. The aim of this study was to uncover the current situation regarding vitamin D status in Thailand. METHODS Participants were 4098 adults ages 10 to 96 y, randomly selected from the Thai 6th National Health Examination Survey (2019-2020) cohort. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Data were expressed as mean ± SE and adjusted odds ratio (95% CI). RESULTS Mean vitamin D status based on serum 25(OH)D was 88.2 nmol/L and differed by age, sex, residency, and religion. The prevalence of serum 25(OH)D <75 and <50 nmol/L were 31% and 4%, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was lower in individuals who lived in the northeastern part of Thailand or were male. The risk for vitamin D deficiency was lower than that in 2009. In multiple linear regression analysis, female sex, younger age, urbanization, a higher body mass index, Muslim religion, and living in Bangkok or the central region of Thailand were independently associated with lower serum 25(OH)D levels. CONCLUSIONS The vitamin D status in the Thai population has improved over the past 10 y. This improvement may reflect an increased awareness related to adequate vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- La-Or Chailurkit
- Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wichai Aekplakorn
- Department of Community Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Kim KY, Park J, Yang S, Shin J, Park JH, Park B, Kim BT. Discordance in Secular Trends of Bone Mineral Density Measurements in Different Ages of Postmenopausal Women. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e364. [PMID: 37904660 PMCID: PMC10615637 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-adjusted bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women decreases in developed countries whereas incidence of osteoporotic fracture decreases or remains stable. We investigated secular trends of bone density from 2008 to 2017 among different age groups of postmenopausal women. METHODS We analyzed BMD data obtained from health check-ups of 4,905 postmenopausal women during three survey cycles from 2008 to 2017. We divided them into 3 groups by age (50-59 years, 60-69 years, and 70 years or more) and observed the transition of lumbar and femoral BMD in each group, before and after adjusting for variables that may affect BMD. RESULTS Age-adjusted BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), and T-score demonstrated a declining trend over the survey period at lumbar spine (-2.8%), femur neck (-3.5%) and total femur (-4.3%), respectively. In the analysis for the age groups, the BMD, BMC, and T-score presented linear declining trend (-6.1%) in younger postmenopausal women while women aged over 70 or more showed linear increasing trends (+6.3%) at lumbar spine during the survey period. Femoral neck and total femur BMD demonstrated a declining linear trend only in the 50-59 and 60-69 years groups (-5.5%, -5.2%, respectively), but not in the 70 years or more group. CONCLUSION BMD in younger postmenopausal women has decreased considerably but has increased or plateaued in elderly women. This discordance of BMD trends among different age groups may contribute to decreased incidence of osteoporotic fracture despite a recent declining BMD trend in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Yoon Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jaesun Park
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungwon Yang
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Junghwa Shin
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Bom Taeck Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Choi J, Choe Y, Yang S. Monthly versus daily administration of vitamin D3 in children: a retrospective propensity score-matched study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1265943. [PMID: 37964965 PMCID: PMC10641215 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1265943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of monthly vitamin D3 administration compared to a daily dosing regimen in healthy children with vitamin D deficiency. Methods This retrospective study included vitamin D deficient (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] < 20 ng/mL) children with precocious puberty who received gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist every 4 weeks between December 2019 and November 2022. We used propensity scores to 1:1 match daily (1,000 IU daily) and monthly (25,000 IU per 4 weeks) administration of vitamin D3 based on age, sex, body mass index Z-scores, season of blood collection, and baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Results Of 299 children, 192 were matched based on propensity scores (126 girls and 66 boys, 10.5 ± 1.4years). After a mean follow-up of 5.9 months (standard deviation [SD] 2.5 months), the monthly group showed a statistically significant increase in serum 25(OH)D concentrations (10.9 ± 5.3 vs. 8.2 ± 7.2 ng/mL; p = 0.018), higher corrected dose-response (12.3 ± 5.9 vs. 8.2 ± 7.2 ng/mL increase per 1,000 IU daily; p = 0.002), and a higher proportion of patients attaining 25(OH)D > 20 ng/mL (78.1% vs. 58.3%,; p=0.005) compared with the daily group. No cases of hypercalcemia were observed in either group. Conclusions Monthly administration of vitamin D3 may be an effective and safe alternative to correct hypovitaminosis D in pediatric population, possibly attributed to enhanced compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjoo Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsoo Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim HT, Lee SH, Lee JK, Chung SW. Influence of Vitamin D Deficiency on the Expression of Genes and Proteins in Patients With Medium Rotator Cuff Tears. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:2650-2658. [PMID: 37449678 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231184392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether vitamin D deficiency is related to rotator cuff muscle and tendon physiology is controversial. PURPOSE To assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and various gene expression patterns in patients with rotator cuff tears. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS During arthroscopic surgery, samples from the supraspinatus muscle, deltoid muscle, and supraspinatus tendon were acquired from 12 patients with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <20 ng/dL) and 12 patients with sufficient vitamin D levels (control group, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration ≥30 ng/dL) who were matched for age, sex, and tear size. Alterations in the expression of genes and proteins associated with myogenesis, muscle atrophy, adipogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis, as well as in vitamin D receptor expression, were assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry and were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS Vitamin D receptor gene expression in the deltoid muscle was significantly lower in the vitamin D deficiency group than in the control group (P = .043). Additionally, in the deltoid muscle, myoDgene expression levels were lower and atrogin levels were higher in the vitamin D deficiency group than in the control group (P = .034 and P = .011, respectively). However, in the supraspinatus muscle, no differences were observed between groups in the expression of myogenesis- or atrophy-related genes (all P > .05). The expression of inflammation-related genes (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) was significantly higher in the vitamin D deficiency group, in both the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles (all P < .05). The supraspinatus tendon tissue did not show any significant differences in any gene expression evaluated (all P > .05). A correlation between gene and protein expression was observed for atrogin and IL-1β in the deltoid muscle (P = .019 and P = .037, respectively) and for IL-6 in the supraspinatus muscle (P = .044). CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with the expression of myogenesis-related or muscle atrophy-related genes in the supraspinatus muscle of patients with rotator cuff tears, unlike in the deltoid muscle; rather, vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased proinflammatory cytokine expression. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In patients with rotator cuff tears, vitamin D deficiency was observed to be associated with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the rotator cuff muscles, without significant changes in gene expression related to myogenesis or muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Lee
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kun Lee
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Chung
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kim KN, Lee JS, Shim JS, Yoon MO, Lee HS. Estimated dietary vitamin D intake and major vitamin D food sources of Koreans: based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2019. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:451-463. [PMID: 37266120 PMCID: PMC10232198 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.3.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to establish a database (DB) of foods containing vitamin D that were investigated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), to estimate the dietary vitamin D intake, to evaluate the dietary adequacy of this intake, and to identify the major food sources of Koreans that contain vitamin D. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study used data from the KNHANES 2016-2019. Individuals aged ≥ 1 year who participated in the nutrition survey (n = 28,418) were included. The dietary intake was assessed by the 24-h dietary recall method and individual dietary vitamin D intake was estimated using a newly established vitamin D DB. Dietary adequacy was evaluated by comparing the dietary intake of the participants with adequate intake (AI) as defined by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) 2020. RESULTS The average dietary vitamin D intake for all the subjects was 3.13 μg/d, which was 33.1% of AI. Dietary vitamin D intake was lower in rural residents, the elderly, and those with low income. The major food groups that contributed to the total dietary vitamin D intake were fish and shellfish (61.59%), eggs (17.75%), meat (8.03%), milk (4.25%), legumes (3.93%), and grains (3.84%). The top 10 individual food items that contributed to the total vitamin D intake were eggs (17.44%), squid (8.5%), eels (7.44%), salmon (5.35%), mackerel (5.27%), anchovies (4.65%), yellow croakers (4.58%), pork meat (4.47%), soymilk (4.46%), and skipjack tuna (3.80%). CONCLUSION These results show that the mean dietary vitamin D intake of Koreans is lower than the reference AI level. Nutritional policies need to be put in place to increase the vitamin D intake of Koreans in the future. In addition, comprehensive research on all the sources of vitamin D, including intake of supplements and biosynthesis in the skin, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Nam Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Jung-Sug Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Jee-Seon Shim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Mi Ock Yoon
- Nutrition Information Center, Korean Nutrition Society, Seoul 04376, Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea
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15
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Myung SK, Cho H. Effects of intermittent or single high-dose vitamin D supplementation on risk of falls and fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2023:10.1007/s00198-023-06761-3. [PMID: 37120684 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous randomized controlled trials have reported inconsistent findings regarding the effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on a risk of falls and fractures. This meta-analysis of 15 trials shows that intermittent or single high-dose vitamin D supplementation had no preventive effect on the risk of falls and fractures and might even increase the risk of falls. PURPOSE Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported controversial findings regarding the associations between intermittent or single high-dose vitamin D supplementation and a risk of falls and fractures in adults. This study aimed to investigate those associations using a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from inception to May 25, 2022. Data were extracted for a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate a pooled relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Out of 527 articles, a total of 15 RCTs were included in the final analysis. In a meta-analysis of RCTs, intermittent or single high-dose vitamin D supplementation showed no significant beneficial effect in the prevention of either falls (RR, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.98-1.09]; I2 = 56.6%; n = 11) or fractures (RR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.87-1.14]; I2 = 48.3%; n = 11). Among the subgroup meta-analyses by various factors, intermittent or single high-dose vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of fractures in the subgroup meta-analysis of RCTs that included fewer than 1000 participants (RR, 0.74 [95% CI 0.57-0.96]; I2 = 0.0%; n = 5). However, its beneficial effect was not observed in those including 1000 or more participants (RR, 1.06 [95% CI 0.92-1.21]; I2 = 57.5%; n = 6). In contrast, intermittent or single high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation increased the risk of falls on the borderline of statistical significance (RR, 1.06 [95% CI 0.99-1.15]; P = 0.051; I2 = 50.0%; n = 7). CONCLUSIONS Intermittent or single high-dose vitamin D supplementation had no preventive effect on the risk of falls and fractures and might even increase the risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Kwon Myung
- Department of Cancer AI & Digital Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-Do, 10408, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Data Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Family Medicine and Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heram Cho
- Department of Neuroscience, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA
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Lee JH, Gwon MR, Park JS, Lee HW, Lee DH, Yoon YR, Seong SJ. Metabolomic analysis of the inhibitory effect of phthalates and bisphenol A on the antioxidant activity of vitamin D in human samples using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1221:123687. [PMID: 37001203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is important because it has roles in maintaining musculoskeletal health, redox homeostasis, and the immune system; however, it is commonly dysregulated by endocrine disrupting chemicals, particularly phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA). Continuous exposure to phthalates and BPA may alter the endogenous metabolite profiles associated with vitamin D activity, although the specific metabolites are yet to be identified. In this study, we identified the endogenous metabolites altered by phthalates and BPA exposure through untargeted metabolic profiling and investigated the role of these metabolites in vitamin D activity. Plasma metabolic profiling using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed in two groups: severe 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and high exposure to phthalates and BPA (Group A) and 25(OH)D deficiency and low exposure to phthalates and BPA (Group B). Multivariate analysis revealed a distinct separation between the two groups. A total of six metabolites were annotated, of which levels of two were significantly different between the two groups: platelet-activating factor (PAF) C16 or lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) 18:0, and 11Z-eicosenamide. Plasma levels of PAF C16 or lysoPC 18:0 were increased in Group A and exhibited an area under the curve of 0.769 with an accuracy of 74.4% in a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. These metabolites are generated as byproducts of lipid peroxidation, which supports the fact that phthalates and BPA induce oxidative stress in cells. Furthermore, PAF C16 and lysoPC 18:0 may be involved in the network that interferes with the antioxidant activity of vitamin D upon exposure to phthalates and BPA. This study results provide useful information on how the activity of vitamin D on the antioxidant system is inhibited when exposure to phthalates and BPA.
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Bai K, Dong H, Liu L, She X, Liu C, Yu M, Liang Z, Lin H, Ke P, Huang X, Wu X, Zhang Q, Zhao B. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of a large Chinese population from 30 provinces by LC-MS/MS measurement for consecutive 3 years: differences by age, sex, season and province. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1503-1516. [PMID: 36692589 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to describe the vitamin D status and its distribution in different age groups, sexes, seasons, and provinces of a large Chinese population. METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed 1,528,685 results of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in the central laboratory of KingMed Diagnostics. The samples were from the individuals aged 0-119 years old in 30 provinces of China. Serum 25(OH)D was measured by an accurate commercial liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method from January 2017 to December 2019. The subjects were stratified by age, sex, the season of blood collection, and the province of residence. RESULTS The median 25(OH)D concentration was 25.5 ng/mL (interquartile range (IQR) 18.7-32.7 ng/mL) in males and 20.8 ng/mL (IQR 14.4-28.2 ng/mL) in females. Overall, the median 25(OH)D concentration decreased with age in both males and females. Males had a 0.2-2.4 ng/mL higher median 25(OH)D concentration than females in different age groups. Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 15 ng/mL for the individuals under 14 years old; < 20 ng/mL for the individuals over 14 years old) was found in 21.3% of males and 43.6% of females. Significant seasonal variation of serum 25(OH)D concentrations was repeatedly observed in 3 years, with median concentration higher in summer (25.3 ng/mL (IQR 19.3-31.9 ng/mL)) and lower in winter (18.5 ng/mL (IQR 12.3-26.6 ng/mL)). Vitamin D status varied by province. The median 25(OH)D concentration was the highest in Hainan (31.0 ng/mL (IQR 24.9-39.2 ng/mL)) and the lowest in Qinghai (14.4 ng/mL (IQR 9.6-20.0 ng/mL)). 25(OH)D2 was detected in 12.2% of the results, and no significant seasonal variation was observed. CONCLUSION In China, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in the population participating in clinical vitamin D measurement. Age and sex differences in vitamin D levels were observed in our study. Seasonal variation and provincial differences are important aspects of serum vitamin D status. 25(OH)D2 cannot be ignored entirely in clinical measurement practice in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Heng Dong
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510120, China
- KingMed College of Laboratory Medical of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Paediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District Foshan City), Foshan, 528318, China
| | - Xuhui She
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510120, China
- KingMed College of Laboratory Medical of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Mujun Yu
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haibiao Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Peifeng Ke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xianzhang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xinzhong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Qiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- KingMed College of Laboratory Medical of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Mun E, Lee Y, Lee W, Park S. Effect of vitamin D deficiency on metabolic syndrome among Korean shift workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 2023; 49:126-135. [PMID: 36422573 PMCID: PMC10577018 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on metabolic syndrome among shift workers. METHODS This study included 207 756 workers who underwent a comprehensive health examination at a large South Korean university hospital between 2012 and 2018. We performed multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis and analyzed mediation and exposure-mediator interaction. RESULTS Overall, 5.5% of the participants had metabolic syndrome. Compared to day work, the odds ratios (OR) of metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency (<12 ng/mL) for shift work were 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.22] and 1.63 (95% CI 1.57-1.70), respectively. Among shift workers, the OR of metabolic syndrome for vitamin D levels of 12-20 and <12 ng/mL, compared with a level of ≥20 ng/mL, were 1.36 (95% CI 1.15-1.61) and 1.51 (95% CI 1.26-1.81), respectively. Shift work and vitamin D deficiency showed an additive interaction; the relative excess risks due to interaction, attributable proportion, and synergy index were 0.26 (95% CI 0.08-0.44), 0.17 (95% CI 0.07-0.28), and 2.09 (95% CI 1.23-3.55), respectively. When vitamin D deficiency was treated as a mediator, the direct and total effects of shift work on metabolic syndrome were 1.12 (95% CI 1.04-1.22) and 1.15 (95% CI 1.07-1.25), respectively. The indirect effect was 1.03 (95% CI 1.02-1.04) and accounted for 18% of the total effect. CONCLUSION Vitamin D is a potential mediator of the impact of shift work on metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunchan Mun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea.
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Park KY, Han K, Hwang HS, Park HK, Park K. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are inversely associated with all-cause mortality among Koreans: a nationwide cohort study. Nutr Res 2023; 113:49-58. [PMID: 37028268 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence on the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Asians, especially Koreans, is limited. We hypothesized that high concentrations of 25(OH)D are associated with lower all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general Korean population. This study included 27,846 adults participating in the Fourth and Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012, followed up through December 31, 2019. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer were estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression. The weighted mean serum 25(OH)D of study participants was 17.77 ng/mL; 66.5% had vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and 94.2% had insufficient vitamin D (<30 ng/mL). During a median follow-up of 9.4 years (interquartile range, 8.1-10.6 years), 1680 deaths were documented, including 362 CVD deaths and 570 cancer deaths. Serum 25(OH)D levels ≥30 ng/mL were inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.43-0.75) compared with serum 25(OH)D levels <10 ng/mL. Based on the quartile cutoffs of serum 25(OH)D concentration, the highest quartile of serum 25(OH)D concentration (≥21.8 ng/mL) was associated with the lowest all-cause mortality (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60-0.85; P trend < .001), and CVD mortality (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.85; P trend = .006). No association with cancer mortality outcome was found. In conclusion, higher serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower all-cause mortality in the general Korean population. An additional association was found between higher quartile of serum 25(OH)D and lower CVD mortality.
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Weiler HA, Sarafin K, Martineau C, Daoust JL, Esslinger K, Greene-Finestone LS, Loukine L, Dorais V. Vitamin D Status of People 3 to 79 Years of Age from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012-2019. J Nutr 2023; 153:1150-1161. [PMID: 36848989 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is recognized in bone health and the prevention of rickets and osteomalacia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess vitamin D status of people in Canada and to identify factors associated with vitamin D inadequacy and deficiency. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (cycles 3-6, n = 21,770, 3-79 y) were evaluated for geometric means and proportions <40 (inadequate) and <30 (risk of deficiency) nmol/L. Factors associated with inadequacy or deficiency were tested using logistic regression. RESULTS Mean serum 25(OH)D was 57.9 (95% CI: 55.4, 60.5) nmol/L; the prevalence of inadequacy was 19.0% (95% CI: 15.7, 22.3) and risk of deficiency was 8.4% (95% CI: 6.5, 10.3). Prominent dietary factors associated with inadequacy in adults included: not consuming fish compared with ≥1/wk (adjusted ORadj: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.11), none compared with ≥1/d for cow's milk (ORadj: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.94) or margarine (ORadj: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.88); or nonuser compared with user of vitamin D supplements (ORadj: 5.21; 95% CI: 3.88, 7.01). Notable demographic factors included: younger adults compared with 71 to 79 y (19-30 y ORadj: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.66, 3.29); BMI ≥30 compared with <25 kg/m2 (ORadj: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.79, 2.95); lower household income quartile 1 compared with 4 (ORadj: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.15); and self-reported Black (ORadj: 8.06; 95% CI: 4.71, 13.81), East/Southeast Asian (ORadj: 3.83; 95% CI: 2.14, 6.85), Middle Eastern (ORadj: 4.57; 95% CI: 3.02, 6.92), and South Asian (ORadj: 4.63; 95% CI: 2.62, 8.19) race compared with White. Similar factors were observed in children and for deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Most people in Canada have adequate vitamin D status; nonetheless, racialized groups have an elevated prevalence of inadequacy. Further research is required to evaluate if current strategies to improve vitamin D status, including increasing vitamin D in fortified foods and supplements, and dietary guidance to include a source of vitamin D every day help to reduce health inequality in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope A Weiler
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kurtis Sarafin
- Nutrition Research Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantal Martineau
- Nutrition Regulations and Standards Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janice L Daoust
- Nutrition Regulations and Standards Division, Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista Esslinger
- Office of Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lidia Loukine
- Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronique Dorais
- Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Lee J, Bae EH, Kim SW, Chung W, Kim YH, Oh YK, Kim YS, Oh KH, Park SK. The association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of renal event: Results from the Korean cohort study for outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (KNOW-CKD). Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1017459. [PMID: 36873872 PMCID: PMC9978501 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1017459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Some observational studies have suggested a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and CKD. However, in most studies, the causality between low levels of vitamin D and risk of renal events could not be explained. We investigated the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and risk of severe CKD stage and renal event in a large-scale prospective cohort study. Methods We used data from a prospective cohort of 2,144 patients with available information on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels at baseline from KNOW-CKD, 2011-2015 were included. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D levels < 15 ng/mL. We performed a cross-sectional analysis to elucidate the relationship between 25(OH)D and CKD stage using baseline CKD patient data. We further examined a cohort analysis to clarify the association between 25(OH)D and risk of renal event. Renal event was a composite of the first occurrence of a 50% decline in eGFR from the baseline value or the onset of CKD stage 5 (initiation of dialysis or kidney transplantation) across the follow-up period. We also investigated the associations of vitamin D deficiency with risk of renal event according to diabetes and overweight status. Results Vitamin D deficiency were significantly associated with an increased risk of severe CKD stage - 1.30-fold (95% CI: 1.10-1.69) for 25(OH)D. Deficiency of 25(OH)D with 1.64-fold (95% CI: 1.32-2.65) was related to renal event compared with the reference. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency patients with presence of DM and overweight status also displayed higher risk than non-deficient patients for risk of renal event. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is associated with significantly increased risk of severe CKD stage and renal event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department Cancer Institution, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyung Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department Cancer Institution, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Correlation between serum vitamin D level and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo recurrence. Auris Nasus Larynx 2023:S0385-8146(23)00021-4. [PMID: 36697291 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of dizziness in the general population. BPPV is known to be closely related to the serum vitamin D level. This study aimed to examine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and BPPV recurrence. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted on 50 patients diagnosed with posterior and lateral canal BPPV. The diagnosis of BPPV was based on the finding of vertigo and nystagmus induced by certain head positions (The Dix-Hallpike maneuver and head roll tests). The patients were classified into BPPV recurrence (Group A) and non-recurrence groups (Group B). Otolith function was assessed by cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), and their association with vitamin D levels was evaluated. RESULTS There were 19 subjects in Group A and 31 in Group B. There were no significant differences in age, sex, cVEMP, and oVEMP between the two groups. The average vitamin D level was 12.9 ± 8.0 ng/mL for Group A and 19.2 ± 8.2 ng/mL for Group B, and the difference between the groups was significant (p = 0.011). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for BPPV recurrence with the best sensitivity and specificity, the optimal cut-off value of total serum vitamin D was determined as 12.74 ng/mL. Furthermore, reclassifying the patients based on the cut-off value showed a significantly higher recurrence rate in the group with a lower serum vitamin D level (70.5% vs. 22.5%, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION This complex finding highlights the importance of measuring serum vitamin D levels to monitor and evaluate patients at risk of BPPV recurrence.
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23
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Lee JH, Kwon YJ, Lee HS, Han JH, Joung B, Kim SJ. Inverse Relationship between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Elevated Intraocular Pressure. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020423. [PMID: 36678294 PMCID: PMC9866375 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated intraocular pressure (EIOP) is the only major modifiable risk factor of glaucoma. While low serum vitamin D levels are considered a potential risk factor for glaucoma, there is conflicting evidence on the relationship between vitamin D and EIOP despite the possible linkage between vitamin D and intraocular pressure through oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to verify the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and EIOP using data from 15,338 individuals who visited the health promotion center of an education hospital. The cubic spline curve revealed an inverse dose-dependent association between serum 25(OH)D level and EIOP. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the EIOP of the serum 25(OH)D per increment was 0.97 (0.96-0.990). The fully adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for the EIOP of the 25(OH)D insufficiency and 25(OH)D sufficiency groups, compared to 25(OH)D deficiency group, were 0.72 (0.56-0.92) and 0.51 (0.34-0.78), respectively. The relationship remained significant in male and young age subgroups. In conclusion, the clinical assessment of intraocular pressure may prove helpful when treating patients with 25(OH)D deficiency, which may be a preventive strategy against the development of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hye Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (S.J.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-8460 (B.J.); +82-2-970-8322 (S.J.K.)
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (B.J.); (S.J.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-8460 (B.J.); +82-2-970-8322 (S.J.K.)
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Vitamin D Status for Chinese Children and Adolescents in CNNHS 2016-2017. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224928. [PMID: 36432613 PMCID: PMC9693967 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is very important in maintaining children's bone health because of its regulatory role in calcium and phosphate metabolism. To better understand vitamin D status and related risk factors of children and adolescents in China, this study analyzed the 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) concentration of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in China and assessed the risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. We analyzed the data of 25(OH)D concentration collected from the China National Nutrition and Health Survey of Children and Lactating Mothers in 2016-2017 (CNNHS 2016-2017). The age, sex, region type, ethnicities, season, weight and height were recorded, measured by unified questionnaire, equipment and standards. The concentration of 25(OH)D was detected by LC-MS/MS. A total of 64,391 participants from the cross-sectional study of CNNHS in 2016-2017 were included in this study. The median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 17.70 (13.20-22.68) ng/mL, 18.70 (14.10-23.80) ng/mL in boys and 16.60 (12.40-21.40) ng/mL in girls. The total prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was 65.98% when the cut-off was 20 ng/mL, 60.42% for boys and 71.99% for girls. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, girls aged above 12 y, living in midlands and northern regions, in spring and winter seasons and with abdominal obesity will have a significantly increased risk of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among Chinese children and adolescents. The results showed that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are very common among children and adolescents aged 6-17 y in China. They should be encouraged to have more effective sunlight exposure, increased intake of vitamin D from food or supplements in their diet, especially for those aged above 12 y, living in the northern or midlands areas, in spring and winter, and abdominally obese.
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25
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Changes in Vitamin D Status in Korean Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224863. [PMID: 36432549 PMCID: PMC9696842 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate changes in 25(OH)D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) levels and in the vitamin D status of Korean adults before and during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study compared serum 25(OH)D levels before and after the pandemic in 1483 adults aged 19 years and older who were screened at a university hospital. Subjects were selected only from participants tested in the same season before and after the pandemic. The pre-COVID-19 testing period was from 1 March 2018 to 31 November 2019; the testing period in the COVID-19 era was from 1 June 2020 to 31 November 2021. The mean 25(OH)D level for all participants was 21.4 ± 10.2 ng/mL prior to the outbreak of COVID-19, which increased to 23.6 ± 11.8 ng/mL during the COVID-19 lockdown period (p < 0.001). The increase was particularly dramatic in elderly females (28.8 ± 12.3 ng/mL to 37.7 ± 18.6 ng/mL, p = 0.008). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency decreased in both males (48.4% to 44.5%, p = 0.005) and females (57.0% to 46.0%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, 25(OH)D levels in Korean adults increased during the COVID-19 era, and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency decreased accordingly.
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26
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Han A, Park Y, Lee YK, Park SY, Park CY. Position Statement: Vitamin D Intake to Prevent Osteoporosis and Fracture in Adults. J Bone Metab 2022; 29:205-215. [PMID: 36529863 PMCID: PMC9760769 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2022.29.4.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate vitamin D status is essential for bone health. New randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone health have recently been published. This position statement updates and expands on the previous 2015 position statement of the Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research on the adequate vitamin D status for healthy older adults (age ≥ 70 years) and those at high risk of osteoporosis and fracture (adults on osteoporosis medications) to maintain serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels ≥ 20 ng/mL but < 50 ng/mL. A serum 25(OH)D level of 30 ng/mL may be beneficial for those on anti-resorptives. Vitamin D can be obtained from ultraviolet light exposure and diet. To reach the target vitamin D status through intake, adults must consume at least 400 IU/day to reach 20 ng/mL and 800 to 1,000 IU/day to reach 30 ng/mL. Foods familiar to the Korean diet that are high in vitamin D content or consumed frequently enough to positively impact vitamin D status are introduced in addition to the amount required to help reach one's target vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Han
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju,
Korea,K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju,
Korea
| | - Yongsoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam,
Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Clara Yongjoo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju,
Korea
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27
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Zhang H, Zhu A, Liu L, Zeng Y, Liu R, Ma Z, Liu M, Bi J, Ji JS. Assessing the effects of ultraviolet radiation, residential greenness and air pollution on vitamin D levels: A longitudinal cohort study in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107523. [PMID: 36137427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D metabolism is essential in aging and can be affected by multiple environmental factors. However, most studies conducted single exposure analyses. We aim to assess the individual and combined effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, residential greenness, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and ozone (O3) on vitamin D levels in a national cohort study of older adults in China. We used the 2012 and 2014 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey data, and measured the environmental exposure in the same year. We interpolated the UV radiation from monitoring stations, measured residential greenness through satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), modeled PM2.5 with satellite data, and estimated O3 using machine learning. We dichotomized serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), the primary circulating form of vitamin D, into non-deficiency (≥50 nmol/L) and deficiency (<50 nmol/L) categories. We used the generalized estimating equation for analysis, adjusted for sociodemographic information, lifestyle, physical condition, and season of blood draw, and calculated joint odds ratios based on the Cumulative Risk Index. We also explored the interaction between interested exposures, modification of participants' characteristics, and potential mediation. We included 1,336 participants, with a mean age of 83 at baseline. In single exposure models, the odds ratios of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) for per interquartile range increase in UV radiation, NDVI, PM2.5, and O3 and decrease were 0.39 (95 % CI:0.33,0.46), 0.90 (0.81,1.00), 1.65 (1.53,1.78), 1.67 (1.46,1.92), respectively. UV radiation mediated nearly 48 % and 78 % of the relationship between VDD and PM2.5 and O3, respectively. The association between UV radiation and VDD was stronger in females than men (OR: 2.25 vs 1.22). UV radiation, residential greenness can protect against VDD, while, PM2.5 and O3 increase the risk of VDD. UV radiation partly mediated the association between air pollution and VDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Anna Zhu
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (D.K.F.Z.), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Linxin Liu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| | - Riyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zongwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - John S Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Kashinskaya TS, Shakhova NV, Lobanov YF, Kamaltynova EM. Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency/Deficiency and Their Role in Atopic Dermatitis Development and Course in Children. CURRENT PEDIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.15690/vsp.v21i4.2435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Various conclusive evidence on the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) has been obtained in recent decades. Many studies have shown that patients with AD have low concentration of 25(OH)D in blood associated with high concentration of allergen specific IgE (according to several reports). The analysis of low 25(OH)D concentration prevalence, association of vitamin D deficiency with AD severity and sensitization to allergens, and association of vitamin D disorders with risk of AD development is presented.
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29
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Kim B, Hwang J, Lee H, Chae GM, Kim S, Kim HS, Park B, Kim HJ. Associations between ambient air pollution, obesity, and serum vitamin D status in the general population of Korean adults. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1766. [PMID: 36115935 PMCID: PMC9482201 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although a growing body of evidence suggests air pollution is associated with low serum vitamin D status, few studies have reported whether obesity status affects this relationship. The aim of this study was to identify associations between ambient air pollution exposure, obesity, and serum vitamin D status in the general population of South Korea. Methods This study was conducted in a cross-sectional design. A total of 30,242 Korean adults from a nationwide general population survey were included for our final analysis. Air pollutants included particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration to assess vitamin D status for each participant. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associations between ambient air pollution and vitamin D status in each subgroup according to body mass index level. Results The annual average concentrations of PM10, NO2, and CO were significantly associated with a lower serum vitamin D concentration and higher risk of vitamin D deficiency. The results show a significant association between serum vitamin D status and PM10 exposure in obese subgroup. Based on the gender, females with obesity showed more strong association (negative) between different air pollutants and low serum vitamin D concentration and a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency. However, this pattern was not observed in men. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence that women with obesity may be more vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency in the context of persistent exposure to air pollution. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14164-y.
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Association between lower parity and low muscle mass in postmenopausal women: data from KNHANES (2010-2011). Menopause 2022; 29:1137-1144. [PMID: 36067383 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether parity is associated with the prevalence of low muscle mass in postmenopausal women. METHODS This study was performed using data from the 2010-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which included 1,338 postmenopausal women aged 46 to 70 years. The association between parity and low muscle mass was analyzed after adjusting parity, multiparity, age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, education level, and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance and using weighted multiple logistic regression analysis. Modifiable risk factors were evaluated in a susceptible population. Low muscle mass was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle mass index below 2 SDs with a cutoff value of 5.45 kg/m 2 . RESULTS The low muscle mass group ( n = 343) had lower parity, lower body mass index, more frequent previous history of diabetes mellitus, higher Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, and higher education level compared with the non-low muscle mass group ( n = 995). After adjusting for the confounding factors, parity with three births or more was associated with a significantly lower odds of postmenopausal low muscle mass than nulliparity (model 1: odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.87; P = 0.03; model 2: odds ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.67; P < 0.05). In the subgroup analysis of the lower parity group, moderate aerobic activity was associated with a lower low muscle mass prevalence. CONCLUSIONS A lower parity is associated with increasing the odds of low muscle mass in postmenopausal Korean women. Moderate aerobic activity may be effective in lowering the odds of low muscle mass in postmenopausal women with lower parity.
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Kim KJ, Kim MS, Hong N, Bae JH, Kim KJ, Kim NH, Rhee Y, Lee J, Kim SG. Cardiovascular risks associated with calcium supplementation in patients with osteoporosis: a nationwide cohort study. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2022; 8:568-577. [PMID: 34244740 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the real effects of calcium supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes within a population-based cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS From a nationwide health screening database in South Korea, a total of 11 297 patients with osteoporosis who had taken calcium supplementation with or without vitamin D for at least 90 days [total calcium group; calcium supplementation only (CaO), n = 567; calcium supplementation in combination with vitamin D (CaD), n = 10 730] were matched at a 1:1 ratio to patients who had not taken calcium supplements (control group) by using propensity scores. The overall mean age was 59.9 ± 8.8 years and the percentage of women was 87.9% in our study population. Over a median follow-up of 54 months, the incidence rate of composite cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) per 1000 person-years was not different between the groups: 9.73 in the total calcium group and 8.97 in the control group [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99-1.28; P = 0.08]. However, calcium supplementation without vitamin D was associated with an increased risk of composite CVD (HR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.17-2.04; P < 0.01), especially non-fatal myocardial infarction (HR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.23-2.91; P < 0.01), compared with no calcium supplementation. CONCLUSION Our population-based study supported that taking calcium supplementation combined with vitamin D did not appear to be harmful to cardiovascular health, but reminded that calcium supplementation without vitamin D should be used carefully even in populations with low dietary calcium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Jin Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Namki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bae
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Liu N, Yang DW, Wu YX, Xue WQ, Li DH, Zhang JB, He YQ, Jia WH. Burden, trends, and risk factors for breast cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 and its predictions until 2034: an up-to-date overview and comparison with those in Japan and South Korea. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:826. [PMID: 35906569 PMCID: PMC9334732 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The difference in epidemiological characteristics of breast cancer (BC) across countries is valuable for BC management and prevention. The study evaluated the up-to-date burden, trends, and risk factors of BC in China, Japan and South Korea during 1990-2019 and predicted the BC burden until 2034. METHODS Data on incident cases, deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and age-standardized rate (ASR) of BC were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Trend analysis and prediction until 2034 were conducted by estimated annual percentage change and a Bayesian age-period-cohort model, respectively. Besides, the attributable burden to BC risk factors was also estimated. RESULTS In 2019, the number of BC incident cases, deaths and DALYs in China were 375,484, 96,306 and 2,957,453, respectively. The ASR of incidence increased, while that of death and DALYs decreased for Chinese females and Japanese and South Korean males during 1990-2019. High body-mass-index (BMI) was the largest contributor to Chinese female BC deaths and DALYs, while alcohol use was the greatest risk factor for Japanese and South Korean as well as Chinese males. The incident cases and deaths were expected to continue increase during 2020-2034 (except for Japanese female incident cases). CONCLUSIONS China had the greatest burden of BC among the three countries. Incident cases and deaths of BC were projected to increase over the next 15 years in China, particularly among Chinese males. Effective prevention and management strategies are urgently necessary for BC control in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe, 462000, China.
| | - Da-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wen-Qiong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dan-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jiang-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Kim Y, Chang Y, Ryu S, Cho IY, Kwon MJ, Sohn W, Kim MK, Wild SH, Byrne CD. Resolution of, and Risk of Incident Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With Changes in Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Status. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3437-e3447. [PMID: 35460237 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A protective or causative role of vitamin D status on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status during follow-up and the risk of incident NAFLD and resolution of preexisting NAFLD. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING Kangbuk Samsung Health Study based on routine health screening examinations. PARTICIPANTS Korean adults (mean age, 36.8 years; range, 18-96 years) who underwent comprehensive health examinations including assessment of serum 25(OH)D levels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcomes were (1) incidence and (2) resolution of NAFLD assessed by liver ultrasound. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for outcomes according to serum 25(OH)D levels. RESULTS Among 139 599 participants without NAFLD at baseline, 27 531 developed NAFLD during follow-up. Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly and inversely associated with NAFLD development. Among 48 702 participants with NAFLD at baseline, 13 449 showed NAFLD resolution. Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) for NAFLD resolution comparing 25(OH)D 10 to <20, 20 to <30, and ≥30 ng/mL to <10 ng/mL were 1.09 (1.03-1.15), 1.13 (1.06-1.21), and 1.21 (1.09-1.35), respectively. Additionally, an increase in 25(OH)D levels between baseline and the subsequent visit (median, 1.8 years) was associated with decreased NAFLD incidence, while persistently adequate 25(OH)D levels over time was associated with decreased incidence and increased resolution of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining adequate serum 25(OH)D concentrations may be beneficial for both prevention as well as resolution of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Cho
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kwon
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sohn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Southampton Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Chiu PKL, Yau EFW, Cheung CL. Immunity-enhancing Micronutrients and Community Pharmacists: An Opportunity to Expand Self-Care Practices among the Public. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The urban lifestyle and environment pose a constant immune challenge to city dwellers. A major such challenge is influenza, which creates substantial public health and socio-economic burdens. The global healthcare paradigm has begun emphasizing the importance and cost-effectiveness of self-care in partnership with healthcare professionals such as community pharmacists for the management of mild ailments. For the general public, micronutrient supplementation is an affordable and potentially feasible self-care strategy for immunity enhancement and disease management. At the same time, micronutrient deficiencies are a serious public health concern in both developing and developed areas. Objective: This review focuses on the clinical evidence for the efficacy and safety of three key micronutrients — vitamins C, D and zinc — on respiratory infections. Key findings: These micronutrients are important for optimal immune function through their complementary roles in supporting both innate and adaptive immunity, as well as epithelial barriers. The need to improve public awareness of self-care in prevention and health management is highlighted by recent public health issues and the global fight against antimicrobial resistance. Community pharmacists could play a crucial role in empowering patient autonomy. Conclusion: With this review we aim to offer insights into the supplementation of these micronutrients as a self-care approach to the management of immune health.
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Dietary vitamin D intake in low ultraviolet irradiation seasons is associated with a better nutritional status of vitamin D in Korean adults according to the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutr Res 2022; 105:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Recent Information on Vitamin D Deficiency in an Adult Korean Population Visiting Local Clinics and Hospitals. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091978. [PMID: 35565944 PMCID: PMC9101007 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We retrospectively reviewed serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) test results from an adult Korean population visiting local clinics and hospitals between July 2017 and December 2021 to gather recent information on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency status was investigated according to criteria offered by various clinical guidelines. During the study period, 180,289 subjects (29,658 men and 150,631 women) were tested for 25(OH)D. The overall prevalence rates of vitamin D deficiency status based on 25(OH)D level were as follows: 0.4% for <5 ng/mL, 12.5% for <10 ng/mL, 20.6% for <12 ng/mL, 49.4% for <20 ng/mL, and <75.3% for <30 ng/mL. Women tested their 25(OH)D level more frequently than men, and the overall prevalence of 25(OH)D < 10 ng/mL was higher among women than men, while that of 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL was lower among women than men. Among age groups, the prevalence of 25(OH)D <30 ng/mL was higher in younger patients (20s−40s, 79.6−85.5%) than older ones (≥50 years, 62.6−69.2%). The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency decreased over time from 2018 to 2021. Future studies are needed to clarify the clinical impact of this change.
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Low Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Increased Risk of Mortality in Korean Men and Adults with Hypertension: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091849. [PMID: 35565816 PMCID: PMC9105830 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown no effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease, cancer events and mortality or all-cause mortality in Western populations. However, there has been a lack of research on populations with low vitamin D status, including Asians. In addition, there have been indications that an individual’s sex or hypertension status may affect the relationship between vitamin D status and mortality. In this study, we retrospectively assessed the association between vitamin D status and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in Koreans using a national database, and stratified participants according to sex and hypertension status. Methods Participants in the Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008−2014, who consented to their data being synthesized with mortality data (up to December 2019), were included (n = 22,742; mean follow-up: 8.9 years). Participants’ level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured by radioimmunoassay and categorized as <12, 12−19.9, and ≥20 ng/mL. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the risk of mortality. Results In the total sample, risk of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality was greater in adults with a serum 25(OH)D level below 12 and 12−19.9 ng/mL than those with ≥20 ng/mL. Men and adults with hypertension, who had low vitamin D status, had a higher risk of cancer and cardiovascular mortality, but not women or adults without hypertension. Similar results were observed when various cutoffs for 25(OH)D were employed, or extrinsic deaths were excluded. Conclusions Vitamin D status below 20 ng/mL is associated with a higher risk of mortality in Korean adults, especially in men and those with hypertension, on the basis of data from a nationally representative sample. Further RCTs on Asian adults with low vitamin D status are warranted.
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Koh D, Park J, Lee S, Kim H, Jung H, Kim I, Choi S, Park D. Assessment of sunlight exposure across industries and occupations using blood vitamin D as a biomarker. J Occup Health 2022; 64:e12318. [PMID: 35152501 PMCID: PMC8841173 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight induces the production of essential vitamin D, whereas overexposure to sunlight leads to skin cancer. Sunlight exposure has been measured using questionnaires, dosimeters, and vitamin D levels. Several studies have measured vitamin D in the working population; however, these studies were limited to certain occupations such as farmers and construction workers. In the present study, we evaluated sunlight exposure using blood vitamin D as an exposure surrogate across industries and occupations. Methods The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is a nationwide study representing the Korean population. We analyzed data from KNHANES between 2008 and 2009. We examined the association between vitamin D levels and pertinent personal, seasonal, residential, and occupational factors. Furthermore, we developed a multiple regression model with factors other than occupational factors (industry and occupation) and obtained residual values. We computed the third quartile (Q3) of the residuals and then calculated the fractions exceeding the Q3 level for each combination of industry and occupation. Results Age, sex, body mass index, year, season, latitude, living area, living in an apartment, industry, and occupation were significantly associated with vitamin D levels. Based on the exceeding fraction, the armed forces showed the highest exceeding fraction level of 0.71. Conclusions Our results present the high exposure groups to sunlight across industries and occupations. Our results may provide a source for prioritizing occupational groups with a high risk of adverse health effects from sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Hee Koh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine International St. Mary’s Hospital Catholic Kwandong University Incheon Korea
| | - Ju‐Hyun Park
- Department of Statistics Dongguk University Seoul Korea
| | - Sang‐Gil Lee
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency Ulsan Korea
| | - Hwan‐Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Inha University Incheon Korea
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine International St. Mary’s Hospital Catholic Kwandong University Incheon Korea
| | - Inah Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Hanyang University Seoul Korea
| | - Sangjun Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
| | - Donguk Park
- Department of Environmental Health Korea National Open University Seoul Korea
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Bu SY, Choi MJ, Choi DS, Jung YM, Jang IS, Yang N, Kim K, Park CY. Perspectives on the systematic review for the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans for calcium. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:S89-S112. [PMID: 35651839 PMCID: PMC9127516 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.s1.s89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate assessment of the recommended calcium (Ca) intake may contribute to reducing the risk of fractures and chronic diseases, ultimately improving quality of life. This review was performed to summarize key findings of Ca studies, investigate the effect of Ca intake on health outcomes, and determine the adequacy of evidence to revise the 2015 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) for Ca in 2020. Databases were searched for intervention studies that assessed health outcomes by providing Ca in diets or as supplements. The framework of the systematic review comprised conducting literature searches, data extraction, quality assessment of the literature, and summarizing key findings relevant to set the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for Ca for the 2020 KDRI. The final search was performed in June 2019. A total of 13,309 studies were identified through databases and manual search. Sixtyfive studies were included in the final quality assessment and were summarized according to health indicators. As bone health was used as an indicator of the EAR for Ca, literature reports on bone health were further categorized by the life-cycle stage of the participants. This systematic review did not find new evidence that could be applied to the general Korean adult population, including postmenopausal women, for defining a new EAR for Ca in the 2020 KDRIs. Evidence in most of the reviewed literature was considered weak; however, some evidence was found that could improve the criteria on how the EAR for Ca was determined in children and adolescents. A review of the literature for the 2020 KDRIs for Ca did not find strong evidence in order to change the recommended values of the 2015 KDRIs. More clinical interventions are required among Koreans to strengthen the body of evidence to warrant the revision of the KDRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Bu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea
| | - Mi Ja Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Da Seul Choi
- Graduate School of Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - You-Mi Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - In-Sil Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Narae Yang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Kirang Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Clara Yongjoo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Ghaderi A, Kashani A, Shamollaghamsari S, Mohammadi A, Banafshe H. A cross-sectional study on the association between oral health and vitamin D levels in methadone maintenance treatment program of Iranian population. INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_162_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Jo JY, Lee YJ, Seo HK, Kang MJ, Cho IA, Choi WJ, Kim SC, Cho MC. Vitamin D Status and Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women Working in Greenhouses. J Menopausal Med 2022; 28:70-77. [PMID: 36070872 PMCID: PMC9452596 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.21033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Greenhouse workers synthesize less vitamin D because ultraviolet light is blocked by the vinyl that covers the greenhouses. This study aimed to investigate the vitamin D status and bone health of postmenopausal women working in greenhouses. Methods This observational study enrolled women living in urban (n = 70, group 1) and rural areas (n = 91, group 2) and those working in greenhouses (n = 112, group 3). Serum levels of total and bioavailable 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] and vitamin D binding protein were measured. T-scores of the lumbar spine and femur neck were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptionetry. Results Heights were shorter in group 2 and group 3 than in group 1. Bioavailable 25(OH)D levels were higher and T-scores of the spine and femur were lower in both group 2 and 3 than in group 1. T-scores of the femur in group 3 were lower than those in group 2. The linear regression analysis showed that levels of bioavailable 25(OH)D significantly correlated with the spine T-scores but not with the femur T-scores. The prevalence of spinal osteoporosis was higher in both groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1. Group 3 demonstrated greater femur osteoporosis compared to groups 1 and 2. Conclusions Vitamin D plays an important role in spinal bone health. Moreover, working conditions are likely to play an important role in femur bone health. Therefore, appropriate working conditions and nutrition are paramount to improve bone health in postmenopausal women working in greenhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Jo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yeon Jee Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyoung Seo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Min Ji Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - In Ae Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Won Jun Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seung Chan Kim
- Biostatistics Cooperation Center, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Min-Chul Cho
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Seong JM, Park CE, Gi MY, Cha JA, Moon AE, Lee JH, Sung HH, Lim JH, Oh SH, Chung CH, Seo EK, Yoon H. Gender difference in the relationship between anemia and vitamin D in Korean adults: the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 69:299-304. [PMID: 34857993 PMCID: PMC8611370 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and anemia, by gender, in Korean adults. The data of 16,060 adults were analyzed (men, 6,840; premenopausal women, 4,916; postmenopausal women, 4,340) from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V) (2010–2012). There were several key findings. First, after adjusting for related variables, the odds ratio (OR) of anemia [hemoglobin (Hb) <13 g/dl in men or Hb <12 g/dl in women] using the vitamin D normal group {25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] ≥15.0 ng/ml} as reference, was significant for the vitamin D deficient group [25(OH)D <15.0 ng/ml] in the overall population [OR, 1.310; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.168–1.470]. Second, the OR of anemia, using the vitamin D normal group as reference, was significant for the vitamin D deficient group in premenopausal women (OR, 1.293; 95% CI, 1.105–1.513). However, vitamin D deficiency in the vitamin D normal group in men (OR, 1.093; 95% CI, 0.806–1.484) and postmenopausal women (OR, 1.130; 95% CI, 0.906–1.409) was not significant. In conclusion, Vitamin D deficiency is positively associated with anemia in premenopausal women, but not in men and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Min Seong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do, 25949, South Korea
| | - Chang Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Namseoul University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31020, South Korea
| | - Mi Young Gi
- Department of Nursing, Christian College of Nursing, Gwangju, 61662, South Korea
| | - Ju Ae Cha
- Department of Nursing, Chunnam Technouniversity, Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do, 57500, South Korea
| | - Ae Eun Moon
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Honam University, Gwangju, 62399, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University, 514, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Sung
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dongnam Health University, Suwonsi, Gyeonggi-do, 16328, South Korea
| | - Jae Heon Lim
- Department of Physiotherapy, Wonkwang Health Science University, 514, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, South Korea
| | - Suk Hee Oh
- Department of Nursing, Jeonbuk Science College, 509, Jeongeupsa-ro, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56204, South Korea
| | - Chong Hee Chung
- Department of Nursing, Jeonbuk Science College, 509, Jeongeupsa-ro, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56204, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Seo
- Department of Nursing, Jeonbuk Science College, 509, Jeongeupsa-ro, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56204, South Korea
| | - Hyun Yoon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wonkwang Health Science University, 514, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, South Korea
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Lips P, de Jongh RT, van Schoor NM. Trends in Vitamin D Status Around the World. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10585. [PMID: 34950837 PMCID: PMC8674774 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D status varies across all continents and countries. Vitamin D status usually is adequate in Latin America and Australia, but in contrast it is very low in the Middle East and some countries in Asia. Trends in vitamin D status, whether it improves or declines over the years, carry important messages. Trends usually are small, but can be predictors and indicators of general health. Vitamin D status has improved in the older population in the United States, and improvement relates to dairy use and vitamin D supplements. To the contrary, vitamin D status has declined in the Inuit population of Canada due to a change from a traditional fish diet to a Western diet. A large improvement was seen in Finland after mandatory fortification of dairy products was introduced. Determinants of decline are less sun exposure, increased use of sunscreen, increase of body mass index (BMI), less physical activity, and poor socioeconomic status. Determinants of increase are food fortification with vitamin D and vitamin D supplements. Food fortification can lead to a population-wide increase in vitamin D status as shown by the Finnish example. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine SectionAmsterdam University Medical Centre, location VUMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Renate T. de Jongh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine SectionAmsterdam University Medical Centre, location VUMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Natasja M. van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Data ScienceAmsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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An HJ, Seo YG. Differences in Fat-Free Mass According to Serum Vitamin D Level and Calcium Intake: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225428. [PMID: 34830710 PMCID: PMC8623334 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the differences in fat-free mass (FFM) according to serum vitamin D level (VitD) and daily calcium intake (Ca) in 14,444 adults aged over 19 years. We used data from the 4th and 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2008–2011). FFM was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. VitD was classified as insufficient or sufficient (cutoff: 20 ng/mL). Ca was classified as unsatisfactory or satisfactory (recommended daily intake: 700 mg). In men, the FFM of group 2 (VitD ≥ 20 ng/mL; Ca < 700 mg), group 3 (VitD < 20 ng/mL; Ca ≥ 700 mg) and group 4 (VitD ≥ 20 ng/mL; Ca ≥ 700 mg) was 0.50 kg (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.084–0.92), 0.78 kg (95% CI, 0.26–1.29) and 1.58 kg (95% CI, 0.95–2.21) higher than that of group 1 (VitD < 20 ng/mL; Ca < 700 mg), respectively. In women, a 1 ng/mL increase in VitD was associated with a 0.023 kg increase in FFM (95% CI, 0.003–0.043) and a 1 g increase in Ca was associated with a 0.62 kg increase in FFM (95% CI, 0.067–1.16). High VitD and Ca were associated with a high FFM.
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Kang M, Choi SY, Jung M. Dietary intake and nutritional status of Korean children and adolescents: a review of national survey data. Clin Exp Pediatr 2021; 64:443-458. [PMID: 33445834 PMCID: PMC8426097 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2020.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Korea, several national cross-sectional surveys monitor the diet, nutritional status, and health status of children. This continual dedicated national surveillance system contributes to the identification of nutritional and health issues, establishment of public health policies, and development of nutrition recommendations. This paper provides recent information about the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey and describes key nationwide survey findings published in the last 5 years on infant feeding practices and the dietary intake and nutritional status of Korean infants, children, and adolescents. There have been increasing trends in children, and teenagers who skip breakfast, eat fast food, consume sugary drinks, have vitamin D deficiency, and are obese. This review will inform pediatricians, nutritionists, and other health care practitioners who track children's growth and development. It may also help researchers and policymakers identify diet-related policies and strategies for chronic disease prevention in Korean infants, children, and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kang
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Minyoung Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Park E, Park EY. Inverse Association between Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Risk of Suspected Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8682. [PMID: 34444431 PMCID: PMC8394297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, vitamin D deficiency is a public health issue and the prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are rapidly increasing. There are a limited number of studies assessing the association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and NAFLD risk in obese population. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of suspected NAFLD after stratification by obesity using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2014. METHODS This study included 25,755 subjects without significant alcohol consumption for the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) analyses (8922 subjects for the serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and fatty liver index (FLI) analyses), based on a cross-sectional study design. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured using a Gamma counter with radioimmunoassay. A survey logistic regression model was applied to estimate ORs and 95% CIs. Restricted cubic smoothing splines were applied to evaluate nonlinear associations. RESULTS The risk of suspected NAFLD was reduced per unit of natural log-transformed serum 25(OH)D concentration in obese individuals (OR [95% (CI)]; for ALT, 0.80 [0.67, 0.96]; for GGT, 0.70 [0.49, 0.99; for FLI, 0.68 [0.47, 1.01]; for HSI, 0.70 [0.56, 0.87]). The ORs [95% CI] of suspected NAFLD changed across the quartiles: for serum ALT, from 1.02 [0.85, 1.23] to 0.72 [0.59, 0.87]; for serum GGT, from 0.79 [0.56, 1.13] to 0.64 [0.44, 0.92]; for FLI, from 0.98 [0.67, 1.44] to 0.70 [0.48, 1.02]; and for HSI, from 0.91 [0.73, 1.14] to 0.65 [0.52, 0.81] with dose-response relationships (all p for trend < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that vitamin D sufficiency for public health should be emphasized in order to prevent adverse health effects in obese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Park
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate Scholl of Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Eun Young Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea
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Oh TK, Song KH, Song IA. History of anemia and long-term mortality due to infection: a cohort study with 12 years follow-up in South Korea. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:674. [PMID: 34247585 PMCID: PMC8272955 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia, which is a condition with reduced healthy red blood cells, is reported to be closely related to the development of infectious diseases. We aimed to investigate the association between history of anemia and 12-year mortality rate due to infections, and compare it with that among non-anemic individuals. METHODS Data from the National Health Insurance Service Health Screening Cohort were used in this population-based cohort study. Adults who underwent standardized medical examination between and 2002-2003 were included, and the mortality rate due to infection between 2004 and 2015 was analyzed. Individuals were considered to have a history of anemia if the serum hemoglobin level in 2002-2003 was < 12 g/dL for women and < 13 g/dL for men. The severity of anemia at that time was categorized as mild (12 g/dL > hemoglobin ≥11 g/dL in women and 13 g/dL > hemoglobin ≥11 g/dL in men), moderate (hemoglobin 8-10.9 g/dL), or severe (hemoglobin < 8 g/dL). Propensity score (PS) matching and Cox regression analysis were used as statistical methods. RESULTS Overall, 512,905 individuals were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 54.5 years old (range: 40-98), and 49,042 (9.6%) individuals were classified in the anemic group, which comprised of 36,383 (7.1%), 11,787 (2.3%), and 872 (0.2%) participants in the mild, moderate, and severe sub-groups, respectively. After PS matching, 49,039 individuals in each group were included in the analysis. The risk of mortality due to infection in the anemic group was 1.77-fold higher (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-2.60; P < 0.001) than that in the non-anemic group. In the subgroup analysis, the mild and moderate anemia groups had 1.38-fold (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.55; P < 0.001) and 2.02-fold (HR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.62 to 2.50; P < 0.001) risk of mortality due to infection compared to that of the non-anemic group, respectively. The severe anemia group did not have a significantly different risk of mortality due to infection (P = 0.448). CONCLUSIONS History of anemia was associated with increased mortality rate due to infection at 12-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Kyu Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro, 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro, 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea
| | - In-Ae Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro, 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea.
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Lee C, Seo H, Yoon SY, Chang SH, Park SH, Hwang JH, Kang K, Kim CH, Hahm MH, Park E, Ahn JY, Park KS. Clinical significance of vitamin D in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:1969-1977. [PMID: 33881606 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although recent studies show vitamin D deficiency is associated with cognitive decline, urinary incontinence, and gait instability, there has been no study on the effect of vitamin D on idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) characterized by the classic symptom triad of cognitive decline, urinary incontinence, and gait instability. We investigated the clinical significance of vitamin D in patients with iNPH. METHODS Between 2017 and 2020, 44 patients who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery were divided into low (< 15 ng/mL) and high (≥ 15 ng/mL) vitamin D groups according to the concentration of 25(OH)D, an effective indicator of vitamin D status. They were respectively evaluated according to clinical and radiological findings. RESULTS The low vitamin D group (n = 24) showed lower preoperative cognition compared to the high vitamin D group (n = 20) in terms of Korean-Mini Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE) and iNPH grading scale (iNPHGS) (K-MMSE: 20.5 ± 5.4 versus 24.0 ± 4.5, p = 0.041; iNPHGS cognitive score: 2 ± 0.9 versus 1 ± 0.6, p = 0.025). And the low vitamin D group showed pre- and postoperatively more severe urinary incontinence (preoperative iNPHGS urinary score: 1 ± 1.0 versus 0 ± 0.9, p = 0.012; postoperative iNPHGS urinary score:1 ± 1.0 versus 0 ± 0.9, p = 0.014). The score of narrow high-convexity sulci for the low vitamin D group was lower (low vitamin D group: 1 ± 0.7 versus high vitamin D group: 2 ± 0.4, p = 0.031). CONCLUSION Lower concentration of vitamin D in iNPH may be related to lower preoperative cognition, pre- and postoperative urinary incontinence, and brain morphological change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaejin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Seo
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youl Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hyun Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghun Kang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hun Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong Hun Hahm
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Park
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yun Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Su Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Yang G, Lee WYW, Hung ALH, Tang MF, Li X, Kong APS, Leung TF, Yung PSH, To KKW, Cheng JCY, Lam TP. Association of serum 25(OH)Vit-D levels with risk of pediatric fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1287-1300. [PMID: 33704541 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The association between the risk of fractures and suboptimal vitamin D (Vit-D) status remains controversial in children. This meta-analysis suggested that serum 25(OH)Vit-D levels were lower in pediatric cases with fractures. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)Vit-D) levels less than 50 nmol/L were associated with increased fracture risk in children. INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess the association between serum 25(OH)Vit-D and the risk of fractures in children, and to explore the sources of heterogeneity and investigate their impact on results. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted for observational studies comparing serum 25(OH)Vit-D levels between fracture and non-fracture pediatric cases. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS Analysis on 17 case-control and 6 cross-sectional studies (2929 fracture cases and 5000 controls) suggested that 25(OH)Vit-D was lower in fracture cases than in controls (pooled mean difference (MD) = - 3.51 nmol/L; 95% confidence interval (CI): - 5.60 to - 1.42) with a heterogeneity (I2) of 73.9%. The sensitivity analysis which merged the case-control studies that had a NOS score ≥ 4 showed a pooled MD of - 4.35 nmol/L (95% CI: - 6.64 to - 2.06) with a heterogeneity (I2) of 35.9%. Pooled odds ratio of fracture in subjects with 25(OH)Vit-D ≤ 50 nmol/L compared to subjects with 25(OH)Vit-D > 50 nmol/L was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.53; I2 < 1%). CONCLUSION This study indicated that serum 25(OH)Vit-D levels were lower in pediatric patients with fractures. 25(OH)Vit-D ≤ 50 nmol/L was associated with increased fracture risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yang
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - W Y W Lee
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A L H Hung
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M F Tang
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - X Li
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A P S Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T F Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P S H Yung
- JC Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K K W To
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Joint Research Laboratory of Promoting Globalization of Traditional Chinese Medicines between Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J C Y Cheng
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T P Lam
- SH Ho Scoliosis Research Lab, Joint Scoliosis Research Center of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Nanjing University, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Lee J, Lee YJ, Kim Y. A high prevalence of prediabetes and vitamin D deficiency are more closely associated in women: results of a cross-sectional study. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211033384. [PMID: 34334004 PMCID: PMC8326633 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211033384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. However, few studies have shown independent associations between vitamin D deficiency and the metabolic characteristics of prediabetes. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D concentration and metabolic risk factors in adults with prediabetes. METHODS We enrolled 161 patients aged 25 to 75 years in a cross-sectional study and collected clinical and biochemical data, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) status and fasting glucose concentration. Vitamin D status was defined as follows: deficiency (25[OH]D <49.9 ng/mL), insufficiency (49.9 to 74.9 nmol/L) or sufficiency (>74.9 nmol/L). Prediabetes was defined using fasting plasma glucose concentrations of 5.55 to 6.49 mmol/L. RESULTS The prevalences of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were 49.7% and 24.8%, respectively. Participants with vitamin D deficiency had a higher prevalence of prediabetes than those without (53.8% vs. 32.1%), and there was a significant relationship between female sex and vitamin D status (odds ratio: 1.382; 95% confidence interval: 0.335-5.693). CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is more closely associated with a high prevalence of prediabetes in women than in men. Further studies are needed to elucidate the explanation for this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ye Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngsun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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