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Ramón A, Bas A, Herrero S, Blasco P, Suárez M, Mateo J. Personalized Assessment of Mortality Risk and Hospital Stay Duration in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Treated with Remdesivir: A Machine Learning Approach. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1837. [PMID: 38610602 PMCID: PMC11013017 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite advancements in vaccination, early treatments, and understanding of SARS-CoV-2, its impact remains significant worldwide. Many patients require intensive care due to severe COVID-19. Remdesivir, a key treatment option among viral RNA polymerase inhibitors, lacks comprehensive studies on factors associated with its effectiveness. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in 2022, analyzing data from 252 hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with remdesivir. Six machine learning algorithms were compared to predict factors influencing remdesivir's clinical benefits regarding mortality and hospital stay. Results: The extreme gradient boost (XGB) method showed the highest accuracy for both mortality (95.45%) and hospital stay (94.24%). Factors associated with worse outcomes in terms of mortality included limitations in life support, ventilatory support needs, lymphopenia, low albumin and hemoglobin levels, flu and/or coinfection, and cough. For hospital stay, factors included vaccine doses, lung density, pulmonary radiological status, comorbidities, oxygen therapy, troponin, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and asthenia. Conclusions: These findings underscore XGB's effectiveness in accurately categorizing COVID-19 patients undergoing remdesivir treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ramón
- Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (A.R.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.B.)
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Andrés Bas
- Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (A.R.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Santiago Herrero
- Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (A.R.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Pilar Blasco
- Department of Pharmacy, University General Hospital, 46014 Valencia, Spain; (A.R.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (P.B.)
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Miguel Suárez
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Virgen de la Luz Hospital, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Jorge Mateo
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Martins Neto C, Branco MDRFC, Dos Santos AM, de Oliveira BLCA. COVID-19 death risk predictors in Brazil using survival tree analysis: a retrospective cohort from 2020 to 2022. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:33. [PMID: 38378531 PMCID: PMC10880329 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analyses the survival of hospitalized patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) due to COVID-19 and identifies the risk groups for death due to COVID-19 from the identification of potential interactions between its predictors. METHODS This was a retrospective longitudinal study with data from 1,756,917 patients reported in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System from 26 February 2020 to 31 December 2022. In this study, all adult and older (≥ 20 years) patients were hospitalized with SARS due to COVID-19, with death as the outcome. Survival tree analysis was used to identify potential interactions between the predictors. A model was built for each year of study. RESULTS Hospital lethalitywas 33.2%. The worst survival curve was observed among those who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation and were aged 80 years or older in the three years of the pandemic. Black and brown race/color were predictors of deaths in the years 2020 and 2021 when there was greater demand from the health system due to the greater number of cases. CONCLUSION By applying survival tree analysis we identified several numbers of homogeneous subgroups with different risks for mortality from COVID-19. These findings show the effects of wide inequalities of access by the population, requiring effective policies for the reduction and adequate management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | | | - Alcione Miranda Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Casillas N, Ramón A, Torres AM, Blasco P, Mateo J. Predictive Model for Mortality in Severe COVID-19 Patients across the Six Pandemic Waves. Viruses 2023; 15:2184. [PMID: 38005862 PMCID: PMC10675561 DOI: 10.3390/v15112184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains substantial on a global scale, despite widespread vaccination efforts, early therapeutic interventions, and an enhanced understanding of the disease's underlying mechanisms. At the same time, a significant number of patients continue to develop severe COVID-19, necessitating admission to intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to provide evidence concerning the most influential predictors of mortality among critically ill patients with severe COVID-19, employing machine learning (ML) techniques. To accomplish this, we conducted a retrospective multicenter investigation involving 684 patients with severe COVID-19, spanning from 1 June 2020 to 31 March 2023, wherein we scrutinized sociodemographic, clinical, and analytical data. These data were extracted from electronic health records. Out of the six supervised ML methods scrutinized, the extreme gradient boosting (XGB) method exhibited the highest balanced accuracy at 96.61%. The variables that exerted the greatest influence on mortality prediction encompassed ferritin, fibrinogen, D-dimer, platelet count, C-reactive protein (CRP), prothrombin time (PT), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), PaFi (PaO2/FiO2), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte levels, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), body mass index (BMI), creatinine, and age. These findings underscore XGB as a robust candidate for accurately classifying patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazaret Casillas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Virgen De La Luz, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Antonio Ramón
- Department of Pharmacy, General University Hospital, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana María Torres
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pilar Blasco
- Department of Pharmacy, General University Hospital, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Mateo
- Medical Analysis Expert Group, Institute of Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Mousavi Movahed SM, Akhavizadegan H, Dolatkhani F, Akbarpour S, Nejadghaderi SA, Najafi M, Pezeshki PS, Khalili Noushabadi A, Ghasemi H. Incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and outcomes in COVID-19 patients with and without antiviral medications: A retrospective study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292746. [PMID: 37819890 PMCID: PMC10566706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury is a complication of COVID-19 and is associated with severity. Despite no specific antiviral treatment strategy, lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir have been used. Data on the association between AKI and receiving antiviral agents with outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is scarce. We aimed to determine the incidence of AKI and its outcomes in COVID-19 patients with and without antiviral medications. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study on hospitalized adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a tertiary center. The primary endpoint was determining mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and length of hospitalization affected by AKI development using antiviral agents. The logistic regression method was used to explore the predictive effects of AKI and antiviral therapy on composite outcomes (i.e., mortality, ICU admission, and prolonged hospitalization) in four defined groups by AKI development/not and utilizing antivirals/not. We used IBM SPSS version 24.0 software for statistical analysis. RESULTS Out of 833 COVID-19 patients who were included, 75 patients were treated with antiviral agents and developed AKI. There was a significant difference in the occurrence of AKI and using antiviral medications (p = 0.001). Also, the group using antiviral agents and the development of AKI had the highest rate of preexisting hypertension (p = 0.002). Of note, the group of patients who used antiviral agents and also developed AKI had the most remarkable association with our composite outcome (p<0.0001), especially ICU admission (OR = 15.22; 95% CI: 8.06-27.32). CONCLUSIONS The presence of AKI among COVID-19 patients treated with antiviral agents is linked to increased severity and mortality. Therefore, it is imperative to explore preventive measures for AKI development in patients receiving antiviral therapy. Larger-scale randomized controlled trials may be warranted to provide a more comprehensive understanding of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed Akhavizadegan
- Urology Department, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dolatkhani
- Nephrology Department, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Akbarpour
- Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Morvarid Najafi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hoomaan Ghasemi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Visca D, Centis R, Pontali E, Zampogna E, Russell AM, Migliori GB, Andrejak C, Aro M, Bayram H, Berkani K, Bruchfeld J, Chakaya JM, Chorostowska-Wynimko J, Crestani B, Dalcolmo MP, D'Ambrosio L, Dinh-Xuan AT, Duong-Quy S, Fernandes C, García-García JM, de Melo Kawassaki A, Carrozzi L, Martinez-Garcia MA, Martins PC, Mirsaeidi M, Mohammad Y, Naidoo RN, Neuparth N, Sese L, Silva DR, Solovic I, Sooronbaev TM, Spanevello A, Sverzellati N, Tanno L, Tiberi S, Vasankari T, Vasarmidi E, Vitacca M, Annesi-Maesano I. Clinical standards for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-COVID-19 lung disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:729-741. [PMID: 37749839 PMCID: PMC10519381 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.23.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of these clinical standards is to provide guidance on 'best practice' care for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-COVID-19 lung disease.METHODS: A panel of international experts representing scientific societies, associations and groups active in post-COVID-19 lung disease was identified; 45 completed a Delphi process. A 5-point Likert scale indicated level of agreement with the draft standards. The final version was approved by consensus (with 100% agreement).RESULTS: Four clinical standards were agreed for patients with a previous history of COVID-19: Standard 1, Patients with sequelae not explained by an alternative diagnosis should be evaluated for possible post-COVID-19 lung disease; Standard 2, Patients with lung function impairment, reduced exercise tolerance, reduced quality of life (QoL) or other relevant signs or ongoing symptoms ≥4 weeks after the onset of first symptoms should be evaluated for treatment and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR); Standard 3, The PR programme should be based on feasibility, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness criteria, organised according to local health services and tailored to an individual patient's needs; and Standard 4, Each patient undergoing and completing PR should be evaluated to determine its effectiveness and have access to a counselling/health education session.CONCLUSION: This is the first consensus-based set of clinical standards for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-COVID-19 lung disease. Our aim is to improve patient care and QoL by guiding clinicians, programme managers and public health officers in planning and implementing a PR programme to manage post-COVID-19 lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Visca
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Tradate, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Diseases, University of Insubria, Varese
| | - R Centis
- Respiratory Diseases Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate
| | - E Pontali
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - E Zampogna
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Tradate
| | - A-M Russell
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Royal Devon University Hospitals NHS Trust, Exeter, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - G B Migliori
- Respiratory Diseases Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate
| | - C Andrejak
- Respiratory Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, Unité de Recherche 4294, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie, Picardie Jules Verne University, Amiens, GREPI (Group pour la Recherche et enseignement en pneumo-infectiologie) Work group of French society of respiratory diseases, Paris, France
| | - M Aro
- Finnish Lung Health Association (FILHA), Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Bayram
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K Berkani
- Pierre de Soleil Clinic, Respiratory Rehabilitation, Vetraz Monthoux, France
| | - J Bruchfeld
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J M Chakaya
- Department of Medicine, Therapeutics and Dermatology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Chorostowska-Wynimko
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Crestani
- Université Paris Cité, Physiopathologie et épidémiologie des maladies respiratoires, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Paris, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, FHU APOLLO, Paris, France
| | - M P Dalcolmo
- Hélio Fraga Reference Center, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L D'Ambrosio
- Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - A-T Dinh-Xuan
- Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles, APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - S Duong-Quy
- Respiratory Department, Lam Dong Medical College, Dalat, Vietnam
| | - C Fernandes
- Heart Institute, Cardio-pulmonology Department, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J-M García-García
- Tuberculosis Research Programme (PII-TB), Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A de Melo Kawassaki
- Serviço de Pneumologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP) e do ambulatÓrio de Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L Carrozzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Pulmonary Unit, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Martinez-Garcia
- Respiratory Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Centro de InvestigaciÓn Biomédica en Red, Respiratory Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Carreiro Martins
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Dona Estefânia Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, NOVA Medical School-Comprehensive Health Research Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Y Mohammad
- Al Sham private University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Damascus and Latakia, Centre for Research on Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
| | - R N Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - N Neuparth
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Dona Estefânia Hospital, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, NOVA Medical School-Comprehensive Health Research Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L Sese
- Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Hôpital Avicenne, INSERM, Unité mixte de recherche 1272 Hypoxia and the Lung, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, Department of Pneumology, Centre Constitutif de référence des maladies pulmonaires rares, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - D R Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - I Solovic
- National Institute for TB, Lund Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Vysne Hagy, Catholic University, Ruzomberok, Slovakia
| | - T M Sooronbaev
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - A Spanevello
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Tradate, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Diseases, University of Insubria, Varese
| | - N Sverzellati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Tanno
- Institut Desbrest of Epidemiology and Santé Publique, INSERM & Montpellier University, Montpellier and Department of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - S Tiberi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - T Vasankari
- FILHA, Helsinki, University of Turku, Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, Turku, Finland
| | - E Vasarmidi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - M Vitacca
- ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation of the Institute of Lumezzane, Brescia, Italy
| | - I Annesi-Maesano
- Institut Desbrest of Epidemiology and Santé Publique, INSERM & Montpellier University, Montpellier and Department of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
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Chen KF, Feng TW, Wu CC, Yunusa I, Liu SH, Yeh CF, Han ST, Mao CY, Harika D, Rothman R, Pekosz A. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the different estimates in a different stage of the pandemic outbreak. J Glob Health 2023; 13:06026. [PMID: 37441773 PMCID: PMC10344460 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.06026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused enormous adverse socioeconomic impacts worldwide. Evidence suggests that the diagnostic accuracy of clinical features of COVID-19 may vary among different populations. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and the WHO Global Health Library for studies evaluating the accuracy of clinical features to predict and prognosticate COVID-19. We used the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool to evaluate the risk of bias, and the random-effects approach to obtain pooled prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios. Results Among the 189 included studies (53 659 patients), fever, cough, diarrhoea, dyspnoea, and fatigue were the most reported predictors. In the later stage of the pandemic, the sensitivity in predicting COVID-19 of fever and cough decreased, while the sensitivity of other symptoms, including sputum production, sore throat, myalgia, fatigue, dyspnoea, headache, and diarrhoea, increased. A combination of fever, cough, fatigue, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus increases the odds of having a COVID-19 diagnosis in patients with a positive test (positive likelihood ratio (PLR) = 3.06)) and decreases the odds in those with a negative test (negative likelihood ratio (NLR) = 0.59)). A combination of fever, cough, sputum production, myalgia, fatigue, and dyspnea had a PLR = 10.44 and an NLR = 0.16 in predicting severe COVID-19. Further updating the umbrella review (1092 studies, including 3 342 969 patients) revealed the different prevalence of symptoms in different stages of the pandemic. Conclusions Understanding the possible different distributions of predictors is essential for screening for potential COVID-19 infection and severe outcomes. Understanding that the prevalence of symptoms may change with time is important to developing a prediction model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Fu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Wei Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chieh Wu
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ismaeel Yunusa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Su-Hsun Liu
- Health Management Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, International Health Program, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Fu Yeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tsung Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Mao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Dasari Harika
- Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Rothman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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de Araújo MFM, Monteiro FPM, de Araújo TM, Lira Neto JCG, Santos LFS, Rolim ILTP, Santos FS, Pascoal LM, Costa ACPDJ, Santos Neto M. Individual and mutual effects of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity on acute respiratory distress syndrome mortality rates in clinical patients: a multicentre study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1219271. [PMID: 37415703 PMCID: PMC10320200 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1219271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with comorbidities are more vulnerable to severe clinical cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19 require complex health care. To analyse the association between the individual and combined effects of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity on ARDS mortality rates among patients receiving clinical care. A multicentre study encompassing retrospective data analysis and conducted with 21,121 patients from 6,723 health services across Brazil, during the 2020-2022 time period. The sample group consisted of clinical patients of both sexes and different age groups who received clinical care and showed at least one comorbidity. The data collected were analysed using binary logistic regressions and the Chi-square test. The overall mortality rate was 38.7%, with a higher predominance among males (p < 0.001), mixed-race individuals (p < 0.001), and older adults (p < 0.001). The main comorbidity variables associated with and leading to death from ARDS were arterial hypertension (p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension (p < 0.001), cardiovascular diseases (p < 0.001) and obesity (p < 0.001). Both the patients who progressed to recovery (48.4%) and to death (20.5%) presented only one comorbidity (χ2 (1,749) = 8, p < 0.001), respectively. The isolated comorbidities with the greatest impact on death outcomes were diabetes (95% CI 2.48-3.05, p < 0.001), followed by obesity (95% CI 1.85-2.41, p < 0.001) and hypertension (95% CI 1.05-1.22, p < 0.001), even after adjusting for sex and number of simultaneous comorbidities. Diabetes and obesity, as isolated conditions, had a greater influence on the number of deaths of clinical patients with ARDS compared to those with mutual diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thiago Moura de Araújo
- Health Science Institute, University for International Integration of the Afro Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Floriacy Stabnow Santos
- Center for Social Science, Health and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Brazil
| | - Livia Maia Pascoal
- Center for Social Science, Health and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelino Santos Neto
- Center for Social Science, Health and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Brazil
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Heinzl MW, Kolenchery L, Resl M, Klammer C, Black A, Obendorf F, Schinagl L, Feldbauer R, Pohlhammer J, Wagner T, Berger T, Dieplinger B, Clodi M. High Anti-CoV2S Antibody Levels at Hospitalization Are Associated with Improved Survival in Patients with COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15581. [PMID: 36497655 PMCID: PMC9740194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vaccination against COVID-19 is highly effective, breakthrough infections occur, often leading to severe courses and death. The extent of protection provided by individual antibody levels in breakthrough infections is still unknown and cut-off levels have yet to be determined. METHODS In 80 consecutive fully vaccinated patients hospitalized between August and December 2021 with COVID-19 breakthrough infection (Delta variant), anti-CoV2S antibody levels were analyzed for the endpoint of death. RESULTS Ten out of the 12 patients who died (83.3%) had antibody levels < 600 U/mL; 5 (41.7%) of these had antibody levels < 200 U/mL. Only 2 patients with a level of >600 U/mL died from vaccine breakthrough infection. Correction for the number of comorbidities and age revealed that anti-CoV2S antibody levels at the time of hospitalization were a significant predictor for reduced risk of death (OR = 0.402 for every 1000 U/mL, p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective data analysis, we show that almost all patients who died from COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infection had antibody levels < 600 U/mL, most of them below 200 U/mL. In logistic regression corrected for the number of comorbidities and age, anti-CoV2S antibody levels at the time of hospitalization proved to be a significantly protective predictor against death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wolfgang Heinzl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
- ICMR—Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Lisa Kolenchery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
- ICMR—Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Michael Resl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
- ICMR—Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Carmen Klammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
- ICMR—Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Anne Black
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Florian Obendorf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Lukas Schinagl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
- ICMR—Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Roland Feldbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes Pohlhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Dieplinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Clodi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz (St. John of God Hospital Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
- ICMR—Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz (JKU Linz), 4020 Linz, Austria
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9
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Sun L, Li B, Li J, Hu C. Influence of transitional care on the clinical manifestations among patients with COVID‑19: A single‑center, double‑blinded, randomized survey. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:16. [PMID: 36561631 PMCID: PMC9748669 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the major complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Transitional care is indispensable in successfully transitioning patients with COVID-19 from hospital to home and preventing adverse events of this disease. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of transitional care on improvements in inflammation and pulmonary function in patients with COVID-19. Data of all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (n=242) discharged from Mudanjiang Medical University (Mudanjiang, China) between May 2020 and October 2020 were retrospectively collected. Patients with COVID-19 had been hospitalized and assigned to receive transitional care (n=126) or usual care (n=116) and were followed up for 12 months. Hospital stay, inflammation and pulmonary function were compared in patients with COVID-19 between the transitional care and usual care group. Transitional care significantly improved physical symptoms, anxiety, depression and empathy of the patients for other patients affected. Compared to the usual care group, marked improvements in typical symptoms, including dyspnea, asthenia, cough, nausea, chest pain, myalgia, headache, fever, diarrhea, chest pain, dizziness, conjunctivitis, as well as disorders of smell and taste, were observed in the transitional care group. Patients in the transitional care group had a shorter hospital stay than those patients in the usual care group. Furthermore, transitional care decreased inflammation and ameliorated pulmonary function in patients with COVID-19. In conclusion, transitional care has an essential role in the improvement of physical symptoms, inflammation and pulmonary function in patients with COVID-19 [Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) registration no. ChiCTR2200060295; 26.05.2022].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- Department of Operating Room, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Binxin Li
- Department of Operating Room, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bone Surgery, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Chunyang Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Chunyang Hu, Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, 5 Tongxiang Road, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
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10
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Khairy Y, Naghibi D, Moosavi A, Sardareh M, Azami-Aghdash S. Prevalence of hypertension and associated risks in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis of meta-analyses with 1468 studies and 1,281,510 patients. Syst Rev 2022; 11:242. [PMID: 36397129 PMCID: PMC9672558 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the COVID-19 outbreak, preliminary research has shown that some risk-associated conditions increase death and severe complications of the disease, hypertension being one of them. Thus, numerous meta-analyses have been conducted to explore this issue. Therefore, this umbrella review aims to perform a meta-analysis of the meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence and associated risks of hypertension in patients with COVID-19. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for the published meta-analyses up to January 1, 2022. Google Scholar, citation check, reference check, and Grey literature were also manually searched. A random-effect model approach was used for analysis. RESULTS The overall death rate was estimated at 12%. Hypertension was present in 25% of the patients as a comorbid disease. The overall RR for death, disease severity, and the possibility of ICU admission were estimated at 1.79 [1.68-1.89 with 95% CI], 1.74 [1.66-1.83 with 95% CI], and 1.91 [1.48-2.34 with 95% CI], respectively. The meta-regression results showed that being "male" significantly increases the risk of disease severity and ICU admission. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that hypertension is a common comorbid disease in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, which significantly increases mortality risk, the severity of the disease, and the probability of ICU admission. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This study has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021231844).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousof Khairy
- Center for the Development of Interdisciplinary Research in Islamic Sciences and Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Deniz Naghibi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ahmad Moosavi
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mehran Sardareh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saber Azami-Aghdash
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Pływaczewska-Jakubowska M, Chudzik M, Babicki M, Kapusta J, Jankowski P. Lifestyle, course of COVID-19, and risk of Long-COVID in non-hospitalized patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1036556. [PMID: 36353225 PMCID: PMC9637668 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1036556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic remains a great challenge for the healthcare system. The widely reported prolonged signs and symptoms resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (Long-COVID) require medical care. The aim of the study was to assess factors, including lifestyle variables, related to the course of COVID-19 infection and to assess their impact on prolonged symptoms in non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19. METHODS A total of 1,847 (637 men and 1,210 women) non-hospitalized participants of the STOP-COVID registry of the PoLoCOV-Study who, following the COVID-19, underwent check-up examinations at the cardiology outpatient clinic were included in the analysis. RESULTS The study participants (median age 51 [41-62] years) were evaluated at 13.4 (8.4-23.6) weeks following the diagnosis of COVID-19. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.46 [95% CI 1.19-1.78]), body mass index (BMI; per 1 kg/m2: 1.02 [1.00-1.04]), hypertension (1.39 [1.07-1.81]), asthma (1.55 [1.06-2.27]), stress or overworking (1.54 [1.25-1.90]), and nightshift work (1.51 [1.06-2.14]) were independently related to the severity of symptoms during acute phase of the COVID-19 infection. The Long-COVID syndrome was independently related to the female sex (1.42 [1.13-1.79]), history of myocardial infarction (2.57 [1.04-6.32]), asthma (1.56 [1.01-2.41]), and severe course of the acute phase of the COVID-19 infection (2.27 [1.82-2.83]). CONCLUSION Female sex, BMI, asthma, hypertension, nightshifts, and stress or overworking are significantly related to the severity of the acute phase of the COVID-19 infection, while female sex, asthma, history of myocardial infarction, and the severity of symptoms in the acute phase of COVID-19 are the predictors of Long-COVID in non-hospitalized patients. We did not find an independent relation between Long-COVID and the studied lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Chudzik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Babicki
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kapusta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Łódz, Poland
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Arora P, Shankar T, Joshi S, Pillai A, Kabi A, Arora RK, Khapre M, Chowdhury N. Prognostication of COVID-19 patients using ROX index and CURB-65 score - A retrospective observational study. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:6006-6014. [PMID: 36618245 PMCID: PMC9810859 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_85_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) disease has overwhelmed the healthcare infrastructure worldwide. The shortage of intensive care unit (ICU) beds leads to longer waiting times and higher mortality for patients. High crowding leads to an increase in mortality, length of hospital stays, and hospital costs for patients. Through an appropriate stratification of patients, rational allocation of the available hospital resources can be accomplished. Various scores for risk stratification of patients have been tried, but for a score to be useful at primary care level, it should be readily available at the bedside and be reproducible. ROX index and CURB-65 are simple bedside scores, requiring minimum equipment, and investigations to calculate. Methods This retrospective, record-based study included adult patients who presented to the ED from May 1, 2020 to November 30, 2020 with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The patient's clinical and demographic details were obtained from the electronic medical records of the hospital. ROX index and CURB-65 score on ED arrival were calculated and correlated with the need for hospitalization and early (14-day) and late (28-day) mortality. Results 842 patients were included in the study. The proportion of patients with mild, moderate and severe disease was 46.3%, 14.9%, and 38.8%, respectively. 55% patients required hospitalization. The 14-day mortality was 8.8% and the 28-day mortality was 20.7%. The AUROC of ROX index for predicting hospitalization was 0.924 (p < 0.001), for 14-day mortality was 0.909 (p < 0.001) and for 28-day mortality was 0.933 (p < 0.001). The AUROC of CURB-65 score for predicting hospitalization was 0.845 (p < 0.001), for 14-day mortality was 0.905 (p < 0.001) and for 28-day mortality was 0.902 (p < 0.001). The cut-off of ROX index for predicting hospitalization was ≤18.634 and for 14-day mortality was ≤14.122. Similar cut-off values for the CURB-65 score were ≥1 and ≥2, respectively. Conclusion ROX index and CURB-65 scores are simple and inexpensive scores that can be efficiently utilised by primary care physicians for appropriate risk stratification of patients with COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Arora
- Department of Emergency Medicine, AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Takshak Shankar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Takshak Shankar, Department of Emergency Medicine, C-Block, AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. E-mail:
| | - Shrirang Joshi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aadya Pillai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ankita Kabi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Meenakshi Khapre
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Wojciechowska W, Terlecki M, Klocek M, Pac A, Olszanecka A, Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Jastrzębski M, Jankowski P, Ostrowska A, Drożdż T, Prejbisz A, Dobrowolski P, Januszewicz A, Krzanowski M, Małecki MT, Grodzicki T, Kreutz R, Rajzer M. Impact of Arterial Hypertension and Use of Antihypertensive Pharmacotherapy on Mortality in Patients Hospitalized due to COVID-19: The CRACoV-HHS Study. Hypertension 2022; 79:2601-2610. [PMID: 36082666 PMCID: PMC9553221 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases including arterial hypertension are common comorbidities among patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. We assessed the influence of preexisting hypertension and its pharmacological treatment on in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Wojciechowska
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. (W.W., M.T., M. Klocek, A. Olszanecka, K.S.S., M.J., P.J., A. Ostrowska, T.D., M.R.)
| | - Michał Terlecki
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. (W.W., M.T., M. Klocek, A. Olszanecka, K.S.S., M.J., P.J., A. Ostrowska, T.D., M.R.)
| | - Marek Klocek
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. (W.W., M.T., M. Klocek, A. Olszanecka, K.S.S., M.J., P.J., A. Ostrowska, T.D., M.R.)
| | - Agnieszka Pac
- Department of Epidemiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. (A.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Olszanecka
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. (W.W., M.T., M. Klocek, A. Olszanecka, K.S.S., M.J., P.J., A. Ostrowska, T.D., M.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. (W.W., M.T., M. Klocek, A. Olszanecka, K.S.S., M.J., P.J., A. Ostrowska, T.D., M.R.)
| | - Marek Jastrzębski
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. (W.W., M.T., M. Klocek, A. Olszanecka, K.S.S., M.J., P.J., A. Ostrowska, T.D., M.R.)
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. (W.W., M.T., M. Klocek, A. Olszanecka, K.S.S., M.J., P.J., A. Ostrowska, T.D., M.R.)
| | - Aleksandra Ostrowska
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. (W.W., M.T., M. Klocek, A. Olszanecka, K.S.S., M.J., P.J., A. Ostrowska, T.D., M.R.)
| | - Tomasz Drożdż
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. (W.W., M.T., M. Klocek, A. Olszanecka, K.S.S., M.J., P.J., A. Ostrowska, T.D., M.R.)
| | - Aleksander Prejbisz
- Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (A.P., P.D., A.J.)
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (A.P., P.D., A.J.)
| | - Andrzej Januszewicz
- Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland (A.P., P.D., A.J.)
| | - Marcin Krzanowski
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. (M. Krzanowski)
| | - Maciej T Małecki
- Department of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. (M.T.M.)
| | - Tomasz Grodzicki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. (T.G.)
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany (R.K.)
| | - Marek Rajzer
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Arterial Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. (W.W., M.T., M. Klocek, A. Olszanecka, K.S.S., M.J., P.J., A. Ostrowska, T.D., M.R.)
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Ramón A, Zaragozá M, Torres AM, Cascón J, Blasco P, Milara J, Mateo J. Application of Machine Learning in Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID-19 Treated with Tocilizumab. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164729. [PMID: 36012968 PMCID: PMC9410189 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the IL-6 inhibitors, tocilizumab is the most widely used therapeutic option in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated severe respiratory failure (SRF). The aim of our study was to provide evidence on predictors of poor outcome in patients with COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab, using machine learning (ML) techniques. We conducted a retrospective study, analyzing the clinical, laboratory and sociodemographic data of patients admitted for severe COVID-19 with SRF, treated with tocilizumab. The extreme gradient boost (XGB) method had the highest balanced accuracy (93.16%). The factors associated with a worse outcome of tocilizumab use in terms of mortality were: baseline situation at the start of tocilizumab treatment requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), elevated ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), lymphopenia, and low PaFi [ratio between arterial oxygen pressure and inspired oxygen fraction (PaO2/FiO2)] values. The factors associated with a worse outcome of tocilizumab use in terms of hospital stay were: baseline situation at the start of tocilizumab treatment requiring IMV or supplemental oxygen, elevated levels of ferritin, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), GPT, C-reactive protein (CRP), LDH, lymphopenia, and low PaFi values. In our study focused on patients with severe COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab, the factors that were weighted most strongly in predicting worse clinical outcome were baseline status at the start of tocilizumab treatment requiring IMV and hyperferritinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ramón
- Department of Pharmacy, General University Hospital, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Zaragozá
- Department of Pharmacy, General University Hospital, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana María Torres
- Institute of Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cascón
- Institute of Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Pilar Blasco
- Department of Pharmacy, General University Hospital, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacy, General University Hospital, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Jorge Mateo
- Institute of Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
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15
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Zarachi A, Pezoulas V, Komnos I, Lianou A, Milionis O, Klouras E, Katsikatsos K, Fotiadis D, Kastanioudakis I, Milionis C, Liontos A. Clinical Symptoms in Hospitalized and Self-Quarantined Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Northwestern Greece - Association with Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction. MAEDICA 2022; 17:277-284. [PMID: 36032619 PMCID: PMC9375888 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2022.17.2.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Backround: We aimed to assess the relation of chemosensory dysfunction with the reported symptoms in two subgroups of patients in Northwestern Greece: the first one included patients with moderate to severe symptomatology who needed hospitalization and the second one, patients with mild symptoms who recovered at home. Methods:We used a questionnaire to select information about patient demographics, medical history and reported symptoms during infection. Three hundred COVID-19 positive patients who were identified via RT-PCR test in the University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece, were included in the present study, of which 150 recovered at home and the remaining 150 needed hospitalization. Statistical analysis was based on IBM-SPSS Statistics 26.0. Results:The majority of patients had fever during infection, while o minor percentage of those who needed hospitalization (12.67%) suffered from sore throat. There was a statistically significant difference between the loss of smell and clinical symptoms including fatigue, nose congestion, body aches and headache, and loss of taste and reported symptoms including fatigue, body aches, runny nose, headache and sore throat. Conclusion: Fever was the symptom with the highest percentage rate, while sore throat was the symptom with the lowest percentage rate. There are reported clinical symptoms related with olfactory and gustatory dysfunction during COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Zarachi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasileios Pezoulas
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Komnos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Lianou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Orestis Milionis
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleutherios Klouras
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Katsikatsos
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kastanioudakis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Charalampos Milionis
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angelos Liontos
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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16
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Schaenman J, Byford H, Grogan T, Motwani Y, Beaird OE, Kamath M, Lum E, Meneses K, Sayah D, Vucicevic D, Saab S. Impact of solid organ transplant status on outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection. Transpl Infect Dis 2022; 24:e13853. [PMID: 35579437 PMCID: PMC9347588 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. However, it remains unclear whether the risk factor for SOT patients is the immunosuppression inherent to transplantation versus patient comorbidities. Methods We reviewed outcomes in a cohort of SOT (n = 129) and non‐SOT (NSOT) patients (n = 708) admitted to the University of California, Los Angeles for COVID‐19 infection. Data analyses utilized multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the impact of patient demographics, comorbidities, and transplant status on outcomes. SOT patients were analyzed by kidney SOT (KSOT) versus nonkidney SOT (NKSOT) groups. Results SOT and NSOT patients with COVID‐19 infection differed in terms of patient age, ethnicity, and comorbidities. NKSOT patients were the most likely to experience death, with a mortality rate of 16.2% compared with 1.8% for KSOT and 8.3% for NSOT patients (p = .013). Multivariable analysis of hospitalized patients revealed that patient age (odds ratio [OR] 2.79, p = .001) and neurologic condition (OR 2.66, p < .001) were significantly associated with mortality. Analysis of ICU patients revealed a 2.98‐fold increased odds of death in NKSOT compared with NSOT patients (p = .013). Conclusions This study demonstrates the importance of transplant status in predicting adverse clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized or admitted to the ICU with COVID‐19, especially for NKSOT patients. Transplant status and comorbidities, including age, could be used to risk stratify patients with COVID‐19. This data suggests that immunosuppression contributes to COVID‐19 disease severity and mortality and may have implications for managing immunosuppression, especially for critically ill patients admitted to the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Schaenman
- Division of Infectious, Diseases, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Hannah Byford
- Transplant Nephrology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Tristan Grogan
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yash Motwani
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Omer E Beaird
- Division of Infectious, Diseases, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Megan Kamath
- Division of Cardiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Erik Lum
- Transplant Nephrology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Katherine Meneses
- Transplant Hepatology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - David Sayah
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Darko Vucicevic
- Division of Cardiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Sammy Saab
- Transplant Hepatology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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17
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Ratshikhopha E, Muvhali M, Naicker N, Tlotleng N, Jassat W, Singh T. Disease Severity and Comorbidities among Healthcare Worker COVID-19 Admissions in South Africa: A Retrospective Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095519. [PMID: 35564914 PMCID: PMC9104097 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are among the most vulnerable in regard to contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Comorbidities are reported to increase the risk for more severe COVID-19 outcomes, often requiring hospitalization. However, the evidence on disease severity and comorbidities among South African HCWs is lacking. This retrospective study analyzed the prevalence of comorbidities among HCW hospitalized with COVID-19 and its association with the severity of outcomes. Data from public and private hospitals in nine provinces of South Africa were extracted from the national hospital surveillance database for COVID-19 admissions. A total of 10,149 COVID-19 HCWs admissions were reported from 5 March 2020 to 31 December 2021. The risk of disease severity among HCWs increased with age, with those older (≥60 years) having seven times the odds of disease severity (aOR 7.0; 95% CI 4.2–11.8) compared to HCWs in the younger age (20–29 years) group. The most commonly reported comorbidity was hypertension (36.3%), followed by diabetes (23.3%) and obesity (16.7%). Hypertension (aOR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0–1.6), diabetes (aOR 1.6; 95% CI 1.3–2.0), and HIV (aOR 1.6; 95% CI 1.2–2.1) were significantly associated with disease severity. In conclusion, age, gender, and existing comorbidities were strong predictors of the prognosis of severe COVID-19 among HCWs in South Africa. The information is important in the development of occupational health policies and vulnerability risk assessments for HCWs in light of future COVID-19 waves or similar outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Ratshikhopha
- National Health Laboratory Service, National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; (E.R.); (M.M.); (N.T.)
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Munyadziwa Muvhali
- National Health Laboratory Service, National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; (E.R.); (M.M.); (N.T.)
| | - Nisha Naicker
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
| | - Nonhlanhla Tlotleng
- National Health Laboratory Service, National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; (E.R.); (M.M.); (N.T.)
| | - Waasila Jassat
- National Health Laboratory Service, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham 2192, South Africa;
| | - Tanusha Singh
- National Health Laboratory Service, National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; (E.R.); (M.M.); (N.T.)
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
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18
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Lau O, Vadlamudi NK. Immunogenicity and Safety of the COVID-19 Vaccines Compared With Control in Healthy Adults: A Qualitative and Systematic Review. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2022; 25:717-730. [PMID: 35500945 PMCID: PMC8516444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections and the resultant disease, COVID-19 led the world into 238 million cases and 4.8 million deaths over the first 22 months of the pandemic. While numerous vaccines have been developed to combat this pandemic, limited literature is available regarding the comparison of these vaccines. This study aims to systematically review and evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccines compared with control arms in the healthy adult population. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane up to July 4, 2021. Randomized controlled trials assessing the immunogenicity of any dose of COVID-19 vaccine in adults by anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G antibodies geometric mean titers (GMTs) and neutralizing antibodies GMT response at 28 days postimmunization compared with the control groups in the healthy adults were considered for inclusion. Groups at day 28 with the highest GMT were further examined for their adverse events. RESULTS Of the 341 citations retrieved, 19 were included. This covered a total of 16 vaccines involving 8342 subjects aged between 30.8 and 69.7 years, comprising 52.13% females. All studies reported GMT at or close to 28 days postvaccination compared with placebo and comparator, and 13 of 19 studies reported seroconversion rates. While 15 of 16 vaccines reported adverse events that ranged from mild to severe, 1 of 16 (AD26.COV2.S) noted 1 case of a vaccine-related serious adverse event-high fever 6 hours after vaccination. Local reactions (such as redness, pain, and swelling) and systematic reactions (such as fatigue, fever, and headache) were commonly noted. Safety between vaccines was similar; however, higher rates of severe adverse events were noted in Ad5-vectored COVID-19, AD26.COV2.S, ChAdOx nCoV-19, and mRNA-1273. No all-cause mortality was documented in any vaccines. CONCLUSIONS All 16 vaccines elicited an immune response substantially higher than the control groups while maintaining tolerable safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lau
- Department of Medical Genetics, BC Children's Hospital, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nirma Khatri Vadlamudi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada.
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19
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Ebrahim Nakhli R, Shanker A, Sarosiek I, Boschman J, Espino K, Sigaroodi S, Al Bayati I, Elhanafi S, Sadeghi A, Sarosiek J, Zuckerman MJ, Rezaie A, McCallum RW, Schmulson MJ, Bashashati A, Bashashati M. Gastrointestinal symptoms and the severity of COVID-19: Disorders of gut-brain interaction are an outcome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14368. [PMID: 35383423 PMCID: PMC9115309 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many of the studies on COVID-19 severity and its associated symptoms focus on hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between acute GI symptoms and COVID-19 severity in a clustering-based approach and to determine the risks and epidemiological features of post-COVID-19 Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) by including both hospitalized and ambulatory patients. METHODS The study utilized a two-phase Internet-based survey on: (1) COVID-19 patients' demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, complications, and hospitalizations and (2) post-COVID-19 DGBI diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria in association with anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9). Statistical analyses included univariate and multivariate tests. RESULTS Five distinct clusters of symptomatic subjects were identified based on the presence of GI symptoms, loss of smell, and chest pain, among 1114 participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. GI symptoms were found to be independent risk factors for severe COVID-19; however, they did not always coincide with other severity-related factors such as age >65 years, diabetes mellitus, and Vitamin D deficiency. Of the 164 subjects with a positive test who participated in Phase-2, 108 (66%) fulfilled the criteria for at least one DGBI. The majority (n = 81; 75%) were new-onset DGBI post-COVID-19. Overall, 86% of subjects with one or more post-COVID-19 DGBI had at least one GI symptom during the acute phase of COVID-19, while 14% did not. Depression (65%), but not anxiety (48%), was significantly more common in those with post-COVID-19 DGBI. CONCLUSION GI symptoms are associated with a severe COVID-19 among survivors. Long-haulers may develop post-COVID-19 DGBI. Psychiatric disorders are common in post-COVID-19 DGBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ebrahim Nakhli
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Aaron Shanker
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Irene Sarosiek
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Jeffrey Boschman
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Karina Espino
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Solmaz Sigaroodi
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Ihsan Al Bayati
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Sherif Elhanafi
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Amin Sadeghi
- Qatar Computing Research InstituteHamad bin Khalifa UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Jerzy Sarosiek
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Marc J. Zuckerman
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Ali Rezaie
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineGI Motility ProgramCedars‐SinaiLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Richard W. McCallum
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
| | - Max J. Schmulson
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas and Motility (HIPAM)Unit of Research in Experimental MedicineFaculty of Medicine‐Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Ali Bashashati
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, of the University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Mohammad Bashashati
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
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20
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Gupta A, Marzook H, Ahmad F. Comorbidities and clinical complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an overview. Clin Exp Med 2022; 23:313-331. [PMID: 35362771 PMCID: PMC8972750 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes major challenges to the healthcare system. SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to millions of deaths worldwide and the mortality rate is found to be greatly associated with pre-existing clinical conditions. The existing dataset strongly suggests that cardiometabolic diseases including hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes and obesity serve as strong comorbidities in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Studies have also shown the poor outcome of COVID-19 in patients associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 polymorphism, cancer chemotherapy, chronic kidney disease, thyroid disorder, or coagulation dysfunction. A severe complication of COVID-19 is mostly seen in people with compromised medical history. SARS-CoV-2 appears to attack the respiratory system causing pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, which lead to induction of severe systemic inflammation, multi-organ dysfunction, and death mostly in the patients who are associated with pre-existing comorbidity factors. In this article, we highlighted the key comorbidities and a variety of clinical complications associated with COVID-19 for a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Gupta
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Hezlin Marzook
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Firdos Ahmad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE. .,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE.
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21
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Multimorbidity Profile of COVID-19 Deaths in Portugal during 2020. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071898. [PMID: 35407505 PMCID: PMC8999817 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and has reached pandemic proportions. Since then, several clinical characteristics have been associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed to describe the morbidity profile of COVID-19 deaths in Portugal. Methods: A study was performed including deaths certificated in Portugal with “COVID-19” (ICD-10: U07.1 or U07.2) coded as the underlying cause of death from the National e-Death Certificates Information System between 16 March and 31 December 2020. Comorbidities were derived from ICD-10 codes using the Charlson and Elixhauser indexes. The resident Portuguese population estimates for 2020 were used. Results: The study included 6701 deaths (death rate: 65.1 deaths/100,000 inhabitants), predominantly males (72.1). The male-to-female mortality ratio was 1.1. The male-to-female mortality rate ratio was 1.2; however, within age groups, it varied 5.0–11.4-fold. COVID-19 deaths in Portugal during 2020 occurred mainly in individuals aged 80 years or older, predominantly in public healthcare institutions. Uncomplicated hypertension, uncomplicated diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, renal failure, cardiac arrhythmias, dementia, and cerebrovascular disease were observed among COVID-19 deceased patients, with prevalences higher than 10%. A high prevalence of zero morbidities was registered using both the Elixhauser and Charlson comorbidities lists (above 40.2%). Nevertheless, high multimorbidity was also identified at the time of COVID-19 death (about 36.5%). Higher multimorbidity levels were observed in men, increasing with age up to 80 years old. Zero-morbidity prevalence and high multimorbidity prevalences varied throughout the year 2020, seemingly more elevated in the mortality waves’ peaks, suggesting variation according to the degree of disease incidence at a given period. Conclusions: This study provides detailed sociodemographic and clinical information on all certificated deaths from COVID-19 in Portugal during 2020, showing complex and extreme levels of morbidity (zero-morbidity vs. high multimorbidity) dynamics during the first year of the pandemic in Portugal.
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22
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Swamy S, Koch CA, Hannah-Shmouni F, Schiffrin EL, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Gubbi S. Hypertension and COVID-19: Updates from the era of vaccines and variants. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2022; 27:100285. [PMID: 34900602 PMCID: PMC8645507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2021.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Older age, and the presence of certain components of metabolic syndrome, including hypertension have been associated with increased risk for severe disease and death in COVID-19 patients. The role of antihypertensive agents in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has been extensively studied since the onset of the pandemic. This review discusses the potential pathophysiologic interactions between hypertension and COVID-19 and provides an up-to-date information on the implications of newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, and vaccines on patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Swamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Ernesto L. Schiffrin
- Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sriram Gubbi
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Fang XM, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wang T, Zhang HP, Liang ZA, Luo FM, Li WM, Liu D, Wang G. Combined and interactive effects of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking on the risk of severe illness and poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19: A multicentre retrospective cohort study. Public Health 2022; 205:6-13. [PMID: 35219128 PMCID: PMC8784431 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for illness severity and adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Alcohol drinking may also be a potential risk factor for disease severity. However, the combined and interactive effects of drinking and smoking on COVID-19 have not yet been reported. This study aimed to examine the combined and interactive effects of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking on the risk of severe illness and poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Study design This was a multicentre retrospective cohort study. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed the data of 1399 consecutive hospitalised COVID-19 patients from 43 designated hospitals. Patients were grouped according to different combinations of drinking and smoking status. Multivariate mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to estimate the combined and interactive effects of drinking and smoking on the risk of severe COVID-19 and poor clinical outcomes. Results In the study population, 7.3% were drinkers/smokers, 4.3% were drinkers/non-smokers and 4.9% were non-drinkers/smokers. After controlling for potential confounders, smokers or drinkers alone did not show a significant increase in the risk of severe COVID-19 or poor clinical outcomes compared with non-drinkers/non-smokers. Moreover, this study did not observe any interactive effects of drinking and smoking on COVID-19. Drinkers/smokers had a 62% increased risk (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.60) of severe COVID-19 but did not have a significant increase in the risk for poor clinical outcomes compared with non-drinkers/non-smokers. Conclusions Combined exposure to drinking and smoking increases the risk of severe COVID-19, but no direct effects of drinking or smoking, or interaction effects of drinking and smoking, were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - T Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - H P Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Z A Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - F M Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - W M Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - D Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - G Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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24
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Joy AP, Augustine AT, Karattuthodi MS, Parambil JC, Chandrasekher D, Danisha P, Panakkal LM, Joshi MA, Azharul Haque KT, Mohammed Izudheen IK, Badaruddeen S, John RS, Murali S, Thomas AR, Sahla F, Ahmed Unni SAK, Ahmed RO, Cholamugath S. The impact of casirivimab-imdevimab antibody cocktail in patients amidst and post COVID 19 treatment: A retro-prospective comparative study in India. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022; 14:100967. [PMID: 35071825 PMCID: PMC8767937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monoclonal antibodies have gained attention in developing countries owing to its benefits portrayed by few clinical trials. However, no studies until now have been undergone in India. Methods A retro-prospective comparative observational study was conducted in symptomatic COVID19 patients to evaluate the impact of Casirivimab and Imdevimab antibody cocktail in the high-risk population. Through an extensive data retrieval for 6 months, 152 samples were documented and sorted into test (Casirivimab and Imdevimab treated patients, n = 79) and control (Non- Casirivimab and Imdevimab treated individuals, n = 73) subsets. The research had two phases; first, estimation of mechanical ventilation and high flow oxygen requirement and mortality in samples amidst the treatment, and second was the post COVID19 patients' feedback through validated (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.7) questionnaire that evaluated their health and vaccination status, and treatment satisfaction. Results We noticed lesser requisite for mechanical ventilation (6.3%; p < 0.001), high flow oxygen (5.1%; p < 0.001) and no death during Casirivimab and Imdevimab therapy. Meanwhile, non-vaccinated test groups were not on mechanical ventilation and those fully immunized seldom entailed high flow oxygen (test, 6.3%; control, 41.9%, p < 0.01). On evaluating the post COVID19 status of each patient in the study, 90.1% of the test samples were healthy and 97.2% were satisfied with the treatment than those in control group. Conclusions Casirivimab and Imdevimab regimen was clinically beneficial for high risk COVID19 patients than those treated without the antibody cocktail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - P Danisha
- Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, India
| | | | - Madhav A Joshi
- Dept. of General Medicine, KIMS Al Shifa Super-Specialty Hospital, India
| | | | | | | | - Riya Sara John
- Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, India
| | - Sarath Murali
- Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, India
| | | | - Fathimath Sahla
- Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, Al Shifa College of Pharmacy, India
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25
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Vitacca M, Salvi B, Lazzeri M, Zampogna E, Piaggi G, Ceriana P, Cirio S, Rizzello L, Lacala G, Longoni A, Galimberti V, D'Ambrosio P, Pavesi E, La Piana G, Sanniti A, Morandi A, Vallet M, Paneroni M. Respiratory rehabilitation for patients with COVID-19 infection and chronic respiratory failure: a real-life retrospective study by a Lombard network. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2021; 92. [PMID: 34964572 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2021.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lombardy region has been one of the areas most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic since the first months of 2020, providing real-life experiences in the acute phase. It is unclear how the respiratory rehabilitation network responded to this emergency. The aims of this retrospective study were: i) to analyze clinical, functional, and disability data at admission; ii) describe assessment tools and rehabilitative programs; iii) evaluate improvement after rehabilitation. The study was conducted on data collected from ten pulmonary rehabilitation centers in Lombardy, between the period of March 1st 2020 to March 1st 2021, in patients with respiratory failure recovering from COVID-19 both at admission and discharge. The study included demographics, comorbidities, nutritional status, risk of falls, disability status (Barthel index; Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); 6 minutes walking test (6MWT), symptoms (dyspnoea with Barthel Dyspnoea and MRC Dyspnoea Scale), length of stay, discharge destination, need for mechanical ventilation, respiratory function, assessment/outcomes indices, and prescribed rehabilitative programs. 413 patients were analyzed. Length of stay in acute and rehabilitative units was less than 30 days. Fifty % of patients used non-invasive ventilation during their stay. Functional status was mildly compromised for forced volumes and oxygenation, while severely compromised for diffusion capacity. Independency was low while physical performance status very low. At discharge, 318 (77%) patients were sent home, 83 (20.1%) were transferred to an acute unit and 12 (2.9%) passed away. Barthel Index and 6MWT were the most used, while MRC score was the least used outcome parameter. The 5 main rehabilitative activities were walking (90.8 %), transfer from bed to armchair (77.5%), limb mobilization in bed (76%), balance (71.2%), and cycle-ergometer or treadmill (43.1%). A huge difference was found in admission, discharge, and delta change among different rehabilitative centers. When available, all outcomes showed a significant improvement. With the limitation of a retrospective study with a clear amount of missing data, COVID-19 subjects admitted to rehabilitative centers presented a reduced physical performance, symptoms of dyspnoea, and severe disability. The 6MWT and Barthel index were the most used measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Vitacca
- Respiratory Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Lumezzane (BS).
| | - Beatrice Salvi
- Respiratory Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Lumezzane (BS).
| | - Marta Lazzeri
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan.
| | | | - Giancarlo Piaggi
- Respiratory Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Montescano (PV) .
| | - Piero Ceriana
- Respiratory Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Pavia.
| | - Serena Cirio
- Respiratory Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Pavia.
| | - Luigino Rizzello
- Respiratory Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Milan.
| | - Grazia Lacala
- Respiratory Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Milan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonella Sanniti
- Casa di Cura Ancelle della Carità, Fondazione Teresa Camplani, Cremona.
| | | | - Manoel Vallet
- Casa di Cura Ancelle della Carità, Fondazione Teresa Camplani, Brescia.
| | - Mara Paneroni
- Respiratory Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Institute of Lumezzane (BS).
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26
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Thapa K, Verma N, Singh TG, Kaur Grewal A, Kanojia N, Rani L. COVID-19-Associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS): Mechanistic insights on therapeutic intervention and emerging trends. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108328. [PMID: 34768236 PMCID: PMC8563344 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused great distress worldwide. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is well familiar but when it happens as part of COVID-19 it has discrete features which are unmanageable. Numerous pharmacological treatments have been evaluated in clinical trials to control the clinical effects of CARDS, but there is no assurance of their effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of the literature of the Medline, Scopus, Bentham, PubMed, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was examined to understand the novel therapeutic approaches used in COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and their outcomes. KEY FINDINGS Current therapeutic options may not be enough to manage COVID-19-associated ARDS complications in group of patients and therefore, the current review has discussed the pathophysiological mechanism of COVID-19-associated ARDS, potential pharmacological treatment and the emerging molecular drug targets. SIGNIFICANCE The rationale of this review is to talk about the pathophysiology of CARDS, potential pharmacological treatment and the emerging molecular drug targets. Currently accessible treatment focuses on modulating immune responses, rendering antiviral effects, anti-thrombosis or anti-coagulant effects. It is expected that considerable number of studies conducting globally may help to discover effective therapies to decrease mortality and morbidity occurring due to CARDS. Attention should be also given on molecular drug targets that possibly will help to develop efficient cure for COVID-19-associated ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Thapa
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Nitin Verma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Neha Kanojia
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lata Rani
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
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27
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Branco CG, Duarte I, Gameiro J, Costa C, Marques F, Oliveira J, Bernardo J, Fonseca JN, Carreiro C, Braz S, Lopes JA. Presentation and outcomes of chronic kidney disease patients with COVID-19. J Bras Nefrol 2021; 44:321-328. [PMID: 34762092 PMCID: PMC9518619 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2021-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 is currently a global health issue and an important cause of mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the risk factors for infection, morbidity and mortality by SARS-CoV-2. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation and outcomes of CKD patients with COVID-19, as well as identify predictors of mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective study of CKD patients admitted in a tertiary-care Portuguese hospital between March and August of 2020. Variables were submitted to univariate and multivariate analysis to determine factors predictive of in-hospital mortality. Results: 130 CKD patients were analyzed (median age 73.9 years, male 60.0%). Hypertension (81.5%), cardiovascular disease (36.2%), and diabetes (54.6%) were frequent conditions. Cough, dyspnea, fever and respiratory failure were also common. Almost 60% had anemia, 50% hypoalbuminemia, 13.8% hyperlactacidemia and 17% acidemia. Mean serum ferritin was 1531 µg/L, mean CRP 8.3 mg/dL and mean LDH 336.9 U/L. Most patients were treated with lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine or corticosteroids and only 2 with remdesivir. Eighty percent had acute kidney injury and 16.2% required intensive care unit admission. The 34 patients who died were older and more likely to have heart failure. They had higher neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio, ferritin, lactate, and LDH levels. Multivariate analysis identified an association between older age [OR 1.1 (CI 1.01-1.24), p=0.027], higher ferritin [OR 1.0 (CI 1.00-1.00), p=0.009] and higher LDH levels [OR 1.0 (CI 1.00-1.01), p=0.014] and mortality. Conclusion: In our cohort of CKD patients with COVID-19, older age, higher ferritin, and higher LDH levels were independent risk factors for mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonçalves Branco
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia e Transplante Renal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Duarte
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia e Transplante Renal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Gameiro
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia e Transplante Renal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Costa
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia e Transplante Renal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipe Marques
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia e Transplante Renal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Oliveira
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia e Transplante Renal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Bernardo
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia e Transplante Renal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Nuno Fonseca
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia e Transplante Renal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina Carreiro
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Medicina Interna 2, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Braz
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Medicina Interna 2, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José António Lopes
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia e Transplante Renal, Lisboa, Portugal
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28
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Perri F, Crispo A, Ionna F, Muto P, Caponigro F, Longo F, Montagnese C, Franco P, Pavone E, Aversa C, Guida A, Bimonte S, Ottaiano A, Di Marzo M, Porciello G, Amore A, Celentano E, Della Vittoria Scarpati G, Cascella M. Patients affected by squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A population particularly prone to developing severe forms of COVID-19. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1298. [PMID: 34630653 PMCID: PMC8461515 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has spread all over the world over the past year. Comorbidities appear to affect the prognosis of patients with such diseases, but the impact of cancer on the course of SARS-CoV2 has remained largely elusive. The aim of the present study is to analyze the outcome of patients affected by squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and a number of their comorbidities, if infected with SARS-CoV2. The clinical data of 100 patients affected by SCCHN, who were undergoing treatment or who had finished their oncologic treatment in the past 6 months, were retrospectively collected and analysed. For each patient, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was calculated to provide a score assessing the real weight of comorbidities on the patient's outcome at the time of diagnosis. It was discovered that these patients, besides the SCCHN, frequently presented at diagnosis with several other comorbidities, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiac arrhytmia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and various forms of vasculopathy (and thus a poor CCI). This feature suggest that, given the high frequency of various comorbidities in patients with SCCHN, additional SARS-CoV2 infection could have particularly devastating consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Perri
- Head and Neck Medical and Experimental Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy,Correspondence to: Dr Francesco Perri, Head and Neck Medical and Experimental Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, 8031 Via M. Semmola, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Franco Ionna
- Otolaryngology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponigro
- Head and Neck Medical and Experimental Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Longo
- Otolaryngology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza di San Giovanni Rotondo, I-71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Concetta Montagnese
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Franco
- Otolaryngology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Pavone
- Otolaryngology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Corrado Aversa
- Otolaryngology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Agostino Guida
- Otolaryngology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bimonte
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases, Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Di Marzo
- Colorectal and Abdominal Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Porciello
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Amore
- Department Melanoma, Soft Tissue, Muscle-Skeletal and Head-Neck, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Egidio Celentano
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marco Cascella
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
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29
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Gavriilaki E, Eftychidis I, Papassotiriou I. Update on endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: severe disease, long COVID-19 and pediatric characteristics. J LAB MED 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/labmed-2021-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To review current literature on the role of endothelial dysfunction in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection in terms of pathophysiology, laboratory features and markers, clinical phenotype in adults and children, as well as long COVID-19.
Content
We conducted a thorough assessment of the literature and critically analyzed current data, mostly utilizing the PubMed and Medline search engines to find original studies published in the previous decade.
Summary and Outlook
Accumulating evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction may be a common denominator of severe COVID-19 in adults and children, as well as long COVID-19, implicating mutual pathophysiological pathways. This narrative review summarizes the up-to-date knowledge of endothelial dysfunction caused by COVID-19, including novel aspects of long COVID-19 and pediatric disease. This knowledge is important in order not only to understand the multisystemic attack of COVID-19, but also to improve patient management and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Gavriilaki
- Hematology Department – BMT Unit , G. Papanikolaou Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Ioannis Eftychidis
- Hematology Department – BMT Unit , G. Papanikolaou Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Ioannis Papassotiriou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry , “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital , Athens , Greece
- IFCC Emerging Technologies Division , Emerging Technologies in Pediatric Laboratory Medicine (C-ETPLM) , Milan , Italy
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30
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Suvarna K, Salkar A, Palanivel V, Bankar R, Banerjee N, Gayathri J Pai M, Srivastava A, Singh A, Khatri H, Agrawal S, Shrivastav O, Shastri J, Srivastava S. A Multi-omics Longitudinal Study Reveals Alteration of the Leukocyte Activation Pathway in COVID-19 Patients. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4667-4680. [PMID: 34379420 PMCID: PMC8370121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection may lead to lung injury, multi-organ failure, and eventually death. Cytokine storm due to excess cytokine production has been associated with fatality in severe infections. However, the specific molecular signatures associated with the elevated immune response are yet to be elucidated. We performed a mass-spectrometry-based proteomic and metabolomic analysis of COVID-19 plasma samples collected at two time points. Using Orbitrap Fusion LC-MS/MS-based label-free proteomic analysis, we identified around 10 significant proteins, 32 significant peptides, and 5 metabolites that were dysregulated at the severe time points. Few of these proteins identified by quantitative proteomics were validated using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assay. Integrated pathway analysis using distinct proteomic and metabolomic signatures revealed alterations in complement and coagulation cascade, platelet aggregation, myeloid leukocyte activation pathway, and arginine metabolism. Further, we highlight the role of leukocyte activation and arginine metabolism in COVID-19 pathogenesis and targeting these pathways for COVID-19 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruthi Suvarna
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076,
India
| | - Akanksha Salkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076,
India
| | - Viswanthram Palanivel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076,
India
| | - Renuka Bankar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076,
India
| | - Nirjhar Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076,
India
| | - Medha Gayathri J Pai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076,
India
| | - Alisha Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076,
India
- University of Delhi, New
Delhi, Delhi 110021, India
| | - Avinash Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076,
India
| | - Harsh Khatri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076,
India
| | - Sachee Agrawal
- Kasturba Hospital for Infectious
Diseases, Chinchpokli, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400034,
India
| | - Om Shrivastav
- Kasturba Hospital for Infectious
Diseases, Chinchpokli, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400034,
India
| | - Jayanthi Shastri
- Kasturba Hospital for Infectious
Diseases, Chinchpokli, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400034,
India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076,
India
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31
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Lepak AJ, Buys A, Stevens L, LeClair-Netzel M, Anderson L, Osman F, Brennan MB, Bartels CM, Safdar N. COVID-19 in Health Care Personnel: Significance of Health Care Role, Contact History, and Symptoms in Those Who Test Positive for SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:2312-2322. [PMID: 34366140 PMCID: PMC8249700 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify significant factors that help predict whether health care personnel (HCP) will test positive for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study among 7015 symptomatic HCP from March 25, 2020, through November 11, 2020. We analyzed the associations between health care role, contact history, symptoms, and a positive nasopharyngeal swab SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test results, using univariate and multivariable modelling. RESULTS Of the symptomatic HCP, 624 (8.9%) were positive over the study period. On multivariable analysis, having a health care role other than physician or advanced practice provider, contact with family or community member with known or suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and seven individual symptoms (cough, anosmia, ageusia, fever, myalgia, chills, and headache) were significantly associated with higher adjusted odds ratios for testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. For each increase in symptom number, the odds of testing positive nearly doubled (odds ratio, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.82 to 2.07, P<.001). CONCLUSION Symptomatic HCP have higher adjusted odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 based on three distinct factors: (1) nonphysician/advanced practice provider role, (2) contact with a family or community member with suspected or known COVID-19, and (3) specific symptoms and symptom number. Differences among health care roles, which persisted after controlling for contacts, may reflect the influence of social determinants. Contacts with COVID-19-positive patients and/or HCP were not associated with higher odds of testing positive, supporting current infection control efforts. Targeted symptom and contact questionnaires may streamline symptomatic HCP testing for COVID-19.
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Key Words
- app, advanced practice provider
- astm, american society for testing and materials (formerly)
- cdc, centers for disease control and prevention
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- hcp, health care personnel
- irb, institutional review board
- ma, medical assistant
- np, nasopharyngeal
- or, odds ratio
- pcr, polymerase chain reaction
- ppe, personal protective equipment
- rt-pcr, real-time polymerase chain reaction
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Lepak
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Ashley Buys
- Infection Control Department, UW Health University Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linda Stevens
- Nursing Quality and Safety, UW Health University Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Laura Anderson
- Infection Control, University of Wisconsin Medical Foundation, Inc, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fauzia Osman
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Meghan B Brennan
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christie M Bartels
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, WI, USA
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32
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Treskova-Schwarzbach M, Haas L, Reda S, Pilic A, Borodova A, Karimi K, Koch J, Nygren T, Scholz S, Schönfeld V, Vygen-Bonnet S, Wichmann O, Harder T. Pre-existing health conditions and severe COVID-19 outcomes: an umbrella review approach and meta-analysis of global evidence. BMC Med 2021; 19:212. [PMID: 34446016 PMCID: PMC8390115 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study applies an umbrella review approach to summarise the global evidence on the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients with pre-existing health conditions. METHODS Systematic reviews (SRs) were identified in PubMed, Embase/Medline and seven pre-print servers until December 11, 2020. Due to the absence of age-adjusted risk effects stratified by geographical regions, a re-analysis of the evidence was conducted. Primary studies were extracted from SRs and evaluated for inclusion in the re-analysis. Studies were included if they reported risk estimates (odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), relative risk (RR)) for hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, intubation or death. Estimated associations were extracted from the primary studies for reported pre-existing conditions. Meta-analyses were performed stratified for each outcome by regions of the World Health Organization. The evidence certainty was assessed using GRADE. Registration number CRD42020215846. RESULTS In total, 160 primary studies from 120 SRs contributed 464 estimates for 42 pre-existing conditions. Most studies were conducted in North America, European, and Western Pacific regions. Evidence from Africa, South/Latin America, and the Eastern Mediterranean region was scarce. No evidence was available from the South-East Asia region. Diabetes (HR range 1.2-2.0 (CI range 1.1-2.8)), obesity (OR range 1.5-1.75 (CI range 1.1-2.3)), heart failure (HR range 1.3-3.3 (CI range 0.9-8.2)), COPD (HR range 1.12-2.2 (CI range 1.1-3.2)) and dementia (HR range 1.4-7.7 (CI range 1.2-39.6)) were associated with fatal COVID-19 in different regions, although the estimates varied. Evidence from Europe and North America showed that liver cirrhosis (OR range 3.2-5.9 (CI range 0.9-27.7)) and active cancer (OR range 1.6-4.7 (CI range 0.5-14.9)) were also associated with increased risk of death. Association between HIV and undesirable COVID-19 outcomes showed regional heterogeneity, with an increased risk of death in Africa (HR 1.7 (CI 1.3-2.2)). GRADE certainty was moderate to high for most associations. CONCLUSION Risk of undesirable COVID-19 health outcomes is consistently increased in certain patient subgroups across geographical regions, showing high variability in others. The results can be used to inform COVID-19 vaccine prioritisation or other intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Haas
- Immunisation Unit, The Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Reda
- Immunisation Unit, The Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Pilic
- Immunisation Unit, The Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Borodova
- Immunisation Unit, The Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kasra Karimi
- Immunisation Unit, The Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Koch
- Immunisation Unit, The Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Teresa Nygren
- Immunisation Unit, The Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Immunisation Unit, The Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktoria Schönfeld
- Immunisation Unit, The Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Vygen-Bonnet
- Immunisation Unit, The Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ole Wichmann
- Immunisation Unit, The Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Harder
- Immunisation Unit, The Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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Dabbah MA, Reed AB, Booth ATC, Yassaee A, Despotovic A, Klasmer B, Binning E, Aral M, Plans D, Morelli D, Labrique AB, Mohan D. Machine learning approach to dynamic risk modeling of mortality in COVID-19: a UK Biobank study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16936. [PMID: 34413324 PMCID: PMC8376891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need for robust, scalable monitoring tools supporting stratification of high-risk patients. This research aims to develop and validate prediction models, using the UK Biobank, to estimate COVID-19 mortality risk in confirmed cases. From the 11,245 participants testing positive for COVID-19, we develop a data-driven random forest classification model with excellent performance (AUC: 0.91), using baseline characteristics, pre-existing conditions, symptoms, and vital signs, such that the score could dynamically assess mortality risk with disease deterioration. We also identify several significant novel predictors of COVID-19 mortality with equivalent or greater predictive value than established high-risk comorbidities, such as detailed anthropometrics and prior acute kidney failure, urinary tract infection, and pneumonias. The model design and feature selection enables utility in outpatient settings. Possible applications include supporting individual-level risk profiling and monitoring disease progression across patients with COVID-19 at-scale, especially in hospital-at-home settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arrash Yassaee
- Huma Therapeutics Limited, London, UK
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aleksa Despotovic
- Huma Therapeutics Limited, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Mert Aral
- Huma Therapeutics Limited, London, UK
| | - David Plans
- Huma Therapeutics Limited, London, UK.
- University of Exeter, SITE, Exeter, UK.
| | - Davide Morelli
- Huma Therapeutics Limited, London, UK
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alain B Labrique
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diwakar Mohan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Alali AS, Alshehri AO, Assiri A, Khan S, Alkathiri MA, Almohammed OA, Badoghaish W, AlQahtani SM, Alshammari MA, Mohany M, Alamri FF, AlRuthia Y, Alqahtani F. Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes among young and middle-aged COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:833-842. [PMID: 34177315 PMCID: PMC8213516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of different sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality rates have been studied extensively around the world; however, there is a dearth of data on the impact of different clinical and sociodemographic variables on the COVID-19-related outcomes in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to identify those at high risk of worse clinical outcomes, such as hospitalization and longer length of stay (LOS) among young and middle-aged adults (18 to 55 years). In this questionnaire-based cross-sectional study, 706 patients with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 infection were interviewed. Patients' demographic characteristics, dietary habits, medical history, and lifestyle choices were collected through phone interviews. Patients with chronic health conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, reported a higher rate of hospitalization, ICU admission, oxygen-support needs, and a longer period of recovery and LOS. Multiple logistic regression showed that diabetes, hypertension, and pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization and longer LOS. Multiple logistic regression showed that symptoms of breathlessness, loss of smell and/or taste, diarrhea, and cough were associated with a longer recovery period. Similarly, breathlessness, vomiting, and diarrhea were associated with higher rates of hospitalization. The findings of this study confirm the similarity of the factors associated with worse clinical outcomes across the world. Future studies should use more robust designs to investigate the impact of different therapies on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer S. Alali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz O. Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Assiri
- General Directorate of Clinical Excellence, Assistant Deputy of Planning and Organizational Excellence, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahd Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah A. Alkathiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A. Almohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Badoghaish
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M. AlQahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad A. Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal F. Alamri
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Science and Health Professions (KSAU-HS), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazed AlRuthia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Kaminsky LW, Dalessio S, Al-Shaikhly T, Al-Sadi R. Penicillin Allergy Label Increases Risk of Worse Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:3629-3637.e2. [PMID: 34293501 PMCID: PMC8288230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) ranges from asymptomatic to severe. Several comorbidities are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Antibiotic use is common in COVID-19 and penicillin (PCN) allergy can affect antibiotic choice and may influence COVID-19 outcomes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of PCN allergy label on COVID-19 outcomes. METHODS For this retrospective, cohort study, a Web-based tool for population cohort research, TriNetX, was used to identify adult COVID-19 patients with and without PCN allergy label. The two cohorts were matched using 1:1 propensity score matching for baseline demographics and conditions associated with risk for severe COVID-19. The 30-day risks for hospitalization, acute respiratory failure, intensive care unit requirement, mechanical ventilation requirement, and mortality were then compared between groups. Because bacterial infection can drive alternative antibiotic regimens, additional analyses focused on patients without bacterial infection. RESULTS After propensity score matching, each cohort consisted of 13,183 patients. COVID-19 patients with PCN allergy had higher risks for hospitalization (risk ratio [RR] = 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-1.52) acute respiratory failure (RR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.19-1.31), intensive care unit requirement (RR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.08-1.34), and mechanical ventilation (RR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.03-1.32) compared with patients without PCN allergy; however, there was no mortality difference (RR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.96-1.23). Although the bacterial infection risk was higher in PCN allergic COVID-19 patients, exclusion of patients with bacterial infections yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS Penicillin allergic patients have higher risk for worse COVID-19 outcomes and should be considered for risk mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren W Kaminsky
- Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pa.
| | - Shannon Dalessio
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pa
| | - Taha Al-Shaikhly
- Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pa
| | - Rana Al-Sadi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pa
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Development and Validation of a Multivariable Predictive Model for Mortality of COVID-19 Patients Demanding High Oxygen Flow at Admission to ICU: AIDA Score. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6654388. [PMID: 34257816 PMCID: PMC8245230 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6654388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Risk stratification is an important aspect of COVID-19 management, especially in patients admitted to ICU as it can provide more useful consumption of health resources, as well as prioritize critical care services in situations of overwhelming number of patients. Materials and Methods A multivariable predictive model for mortality was developed using data solely from a derivation cohort of 160 COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe ARDS admitted to ICU. The regression coefficients from the final multivariate model of the derivation study were used to assign points for the risk model, consisted of all significant variables from the multivariate analysis and age as a known risk factor for COVID-19 patient mortality. The newly developed AIDA score was arrived at by assigning 5 points for serum albumin and 1 point for IL-6, D dimer, and age. The score was further validated on a cohort of 304 patients admitted to ICU due to the severe form of COVID-19. Results The study population included 160 COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU in the derivation and 304 in the validation cohort. The mean patient age was 66.7 years (range, 20–93 years), with 68.1% men and 31.9% women. Most patients (76.8%) had comorbidities with hypertension (67.7%), diabetes (31.7), and coronary artery disease (19.3) as the most frequent. A total of 316 patients (68.3%) were treated with mechanical ventilation. Ninety-six (60.0%) in the derivation cohort and 221 (72.7%) patients in the validation cohort had a lethal outcome. The population was divided into the following risk categories for mortality based on the risk model score: low risk (score 0–1) and at-risk (score > 1). In addition, patients were considered at high risk with a risk score > 2. By applying the risk model to the validation cohort (n = 304), the positive predictive value was 78.8% (95% CI 75.5% to 81.8%); the negative predictive value was 46.6% (95% CI 37.3% to 56.2%); the sensitivity was 82.4% (95% CI 76.7% to 87.1%), and the specificity was 41.0% (95% CI 30.3% to 52.3%). The C statistic was 0.863 (95% CI 0.805-0.921) and 0.665 (95% CI 0.598-0.732) in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively, indicating a high discriminative value of the proposed score. Conclusion In the present study, AIDA score showed a valuable significance in estimating the mortality risk in patients with the severe form of COVID-19 disease at admission to ICU. Further external validation on a larger group of patients is needed to provide more insights into the utility of this score in everyday practice.
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Reddy R. Imaging diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma (the forgotten disease) during times of COVID-19 pandemic: Current and future perspectives. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:437-457. [PMID: 34189068 PMCID: PMC8223714 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i6.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with bronchogenic carcinoma comprise a high-risk group for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), pneumonia and related complications. Symptoms of COVID-19 related pulmonary syndrome may be similar to deteriorating symptoms encountered during bronchogenic carcinoma progression. These resemblances add further complexity for imaging assessment of bronchogenic carcinoma. Similarities between clinical and imaging findings can pose a major challenge to clinicians in distinguishing COVID-19 super-infection from evolving bronchogenic carcinoma, as the above-mentioned entities require very different therapeutic approaches. However, the goal of bronchogenic carcinoma management during the pandemic is to minimize the risk of exposing patients to COVID-19, whilst still managing all life-threatening events related to bronchogenic carcinoma. The current pandemic has forced all healthcare stakeholders to prioritize per value resources and reorganize therapeutic strategies for timely management of patients with COVID-19 related pulmonary syndrome. Processing of radiographic and computed tomography images by means of artificial intelligence techniques can facilitate triage of patients. Modified and newer therapeutic strategies for patients with bronchogenic carcinoma have been adopted by oncologists around the world for providing uncompromised care within the accepted standards and new guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikanth Reddy
- Department of Radiology, St. John's Hospital, Bengaluru 560034, Karnataka, India
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Yong SJ. Diseased lungs may hinder COVID-19 development: A possible reason for the low prevalence of COPD in COVID-19 patients. Med Hypotheses 2021; 153:110628. [PMID: 34139599 PMCID: PMC8188770 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Presently, it remains unclear why the prevalence of lung diseases, namely chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is much lower than other medical comorbidities and the general population among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). If COVID-19 is a respiratory disease, why is COPD not the leading risk factor for contracting COVID-19? The same odd phenomenon was also observed with other pathogenic human coronaviruses causing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), but not other respiratory viral infections such as influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses. One commonly proposed reason for the low COPD rates among COVID-19 patients is the usage of inhaled corticosteroids or bronchodilators that may protect against COVID-19. However, another possible reason not discussed elsewhere is that lungs in a diseased state may not be conducive for the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to establish COVID-19. For one, COPD causes mucous plugging in large and small airways, which may hinder SARS-CoV-2 from reaching deeper parts of the lungs (i.e., alveoli). Thus, SARS-CoV-2 may only localize to the upper respiratory tract of persons with COPD, causing mild or asymptomatic infections requiring no hospital attention. Even if SARS-CoV-2 reaches the alveoli, cells therein are probably under a heavy burden of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and extensively damaged where it may not support efficient viral replication. As a result, limited SARS-CoV-2 virions would be produced in diseased lungs, preventing the development of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Jie Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Mesenburg MA, Hallal PC, Menezes AMB, Barros AJD, Horta BL, de Barros FC, Hartwig FP, Jacques N, da Silveira MF. Chronic non-communicable diseases and COVID-19: EPICOVID-19 Brazil results. Rev Saude Publica 2021; 55:38. [PMID: 34105606 PMCID: PMC8139841 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describing the prevalence of chronic diseases and associated socioeconomic and demographic factors, evaluating the patterns of social distancing and the antibodies prevalence against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 symptoms in carriers and non-carriers of chronic diseases. METHODS Data from 77,075 individuals aged 20 to 59 from three steps of the EPICOVID-19 Brazil (a nationwide serological survey conducted between May and June, 2021) were assessed. The presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was examined by rapid tests. Self-reported prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, asthma, cancer, chronic kidney disease and heart disease were investigated. The prevalence of mask use, adherence to isolation measures and antibodies were evaluated separately amid carriers and non-carriers of chronic diseases. The prevalence of symptoms was analyzed among carriers and non-carriers of chronic diseases with antibodies. RESULTS The prevalence of at least one chronic disease was 43%, higher in the Southeast region, among white and indigenous individuals, women, less schooled and in lower socioeconomic position. The use of masks when leaving home was similar among carriers and non-carriers of chronic diseases (98%). The proportion of participants who reported adherence to isolation measures was higher amid carriers (15.9%) than non-carriers (24.9%) of chronic diseases. The prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was similar amongst carriers and non-carriers (2.4% and 2.3%). The prevalence of cough, dyspnea, palpitations and myalgia was significantly higher among carriers, but the proportion of symptomatic patients was similar between groups. CONCLUSION The prevalence of chronic diseases in Brazil is high and the COVID-19 pandemic affects carriers and non-carriers of chronic diseases similarly. Carriers present more severe forms of COVID-19 and higher prevalence of symptoms. Greater adherence to social distancing measures among chronic patients is disassociated from a lower incidence of COVID-19 in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Arndt Mesenburg
- Universidade Federal de PelotasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto AlegreDepartamento de Saúde ColetivaPorto AlegreRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre. Departamento de Saúde Coletiva. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | - Pedro Curi Hallal
- Universidade Federal de PelotasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Ana Maria Baptista Menezes
- Universidade Federal de PelotasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Aluísio J D Barros
- Universidade Federal de PelotasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Universidade Federal de PelotasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Fernando Celso de Barros
- Universidade Federal de PelotasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Fernando Pires Hartwig
- Universidade Federal de PelotasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Nadège Jacques
- Universidade Federal de PelotasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Mariangela Freitas da Silveira
- Universidade Federal de PelotasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em EpidemiologiaPelotasRSBrasilUniversidade Federal de Pelotas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
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Ulivieri FM, Banfi G, Camozzi V, Colao A, Formenti AM, Frara S, Lombardi G, Napoli N, Giustina A. Vitamin D in the Covid-19 era: a review with recommendations from a G.I.O.S.E.G. expert panel. Endocrine 2021; 72:597-603. [PMID: 33999367 PMCID: PMC8127472 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VITD) is a key hormone for bone health and has relevant extra-skeletal effects that might play a role in the prevention and treatment of COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19). Literature regarding this scenario is voluminous but controversial. Glucocorticoid Induced Osteoporosis Skeletal Endocrinology Group (G.I.O.S.E.G) has been present in the scientific debate about the use of VITD and has regularly interfaced national regulatory agencies to ensure appropriateness of its employment. Given the current pandemic and the questions on COVID-19 and VITD, G.I.O.S.E.G. appointed an expert panel to advise how to consider this issue best. The results of these deliberations are reported in the current recommendation paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Massimo Ulivieri
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (IEMS), San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 20, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Camozzi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (DIMED), Padua Hospital-University, Via Nicolò Giustiniani, 2, Padua, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Corso Umberto I, 40, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Formenti
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (IEMS), San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Frara
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (IEMS), San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznań, Poland
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Campus Bio Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (IEMS), San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 20, Milan, Italy
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Bahgat MM, Nadeem R, Nasraa MH, Awad MA, Kamel S, Abd‐Elshafy DN. Impact of both socioeconomic level and occupation on antibody prevalence to SARS-CoV-2 in an Egyptian cohort: The first episode. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3062-3068. [PMID: 33547814 PMCID: PMC8014748 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied the impact of socioeconomic level on the anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies prevalence in an Egyptian cohort. The low socioeconomic standard group (LSS) included 51 humans, 30 females (F) and 21 males (M). The high socioeconomic standard group (HSS) included 55 subjects, 24 F and 31 M. Of the 30 LSSF, 6 were immunoglobulin M (IgM), 21 immunoglobulin G (IgG), and 6 double positive. Of the 21 LSSM, 5 were IgM, 12 IgG, and 5 double positive. Of the 24 HSSF, 6 were IgM, 11 IgG, and 5 double positive. Of the 31 HSSM, 6 were IgM, 14 IgG, and 4 double positive. Of the 51 LSS humans, 26 were symptomatic (S) and 25 asymptomatic (AS). Of the 26 S, 20 were IgG and 8 IgM/IgG double positive. Of the 25 AS, 13 were IgG and 3 IgM/IgG double positive. Of the 55 HSS humans, 38 were S and 17 AS. Of the 38S, 24 were IgG and 11 IgM positive of whom, 9 were double positive. Of the 17 AS, one was IgG and one IgM positive. The IgM prevalence was higher among the HSS humans. The IgG prevalence was significantly higher among the LSS humans. In the two different socioeconomic standards, the prevalence of either IgM or IgG was higher among F. An inverse correlation was observed between age and the anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies prevalence except for LSSF-IgG and LSSM-IgM. In conclusion, socioeconomic standard, gender, and age impact humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 with a clear heterogeneity in individualized responses to the infection in terms of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Bahgat
- Research Group Immune‐ and Bio‐markers for Infection, The Centre of Excellent for Advanced Science, the National Research CentreGizaEgypt
- Department of Therapeutic chemistry, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries ResearchThe National Research CentreDokki, GizaEgypt
| | - Rola Nadeem
- Research Group Immune‐ and Bio‐markers for Infection, The Centre of Excellent for Advanced Science, the National Research CentreGizaEgypt
- Department of Therapeutic chemistry, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries ResearchThe National Research CentreDokki, GizaEgypt
| | - Mohamed H. Nasraa
- Research Group Immune‐ and Bio‐markers for Infection, The Centre of Excellent for Advanced Science, the National Research CentreGizaEgypt
- Department of Therapeutic chemistry, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries ResearchThe National Research CentreDokki, GizaEgypt
| | - Mona A.‐E. Awad
- Department of Chemical and Clinical Pathology, Medical Research DivisionThe National Research CentreDokki, GizaEgypt
| | - Solaf Kamel
- Department of Chemical and Clinical Pathology, Medical Research DivisionThe National Research CentreDokki, GizaEgypt
| | - Dina N. Abd‐Elshafy
- Research Group Immune‐ and Bio‐markers for Infection, The Centre of Excellent for Advanced Science, the National Research CentreGizaEgypt
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Division of Environmental ResearchThe National Research CentreGizaEgypt
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Zheng Y, Wang L, Zhu Y, Zeng Y. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy on mood and quality of life for patients with COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25512. [PMID: 33847669 PMCID: PMC8052022 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no study that has conducted a review or meta-analysis investigating a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention to patients with COVID19, with the aim of improving their psychological health. Therefore, in order to provide new evidence-based medical evidence for clinical treatment, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of CBT in relieving patients' psychological distress and improving quality of life during the COVID-19 epidemic. METHODS Seven electronic databases including Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Data, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library will be searched in April 2021 by 2 independent reviewers. For search on PubMed, the following search terms will be used: "COVID-19, 2019 Coronavirus Disease, 2019-nCoV, cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT, cognitive behavioral treatment." In order to achieve a consistency (at least 80%) of extracted items, the data extractors will extract data from a sample of eligible studies. The outcomes include any rating scale describing stress, mood, and quality of life. Review Manager software (v 5.4; Cochrane Collaboration) will be used for the meta-analysis. Two independent reviewers will assess the risk of bias of the included studies at study level. Any disagreements will be discussed and resolved in discussion with a third reviewer. RESULTS The results of our review will be reported strictly following the PRISMA criteria. CONCLUSIONS The review will add to the existing literature by showing compelling evidence and improved guidance in clinic settings. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER 10.17605/OSF.IO/DCRPJ. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval and patient consent are not required because this study is a literature-based study. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Hubei 433000, China
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Ayoubkhani D, Khunti K, Nafilyan V, Maddox T, Humberstone B, Diamond I, Banerjee A. Post-covid syndrome in individuals admitted to hospital with covid-19: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2021; 372:n693. [PMID: 33789877 PMCID: PMC8010267 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify rates of organ specific dysfunction in individuals with covid-19 after discharge from hospital compared with a matched control group from the general population. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING NHS hospitals in England. PARTICIPANTS 47 780 individuals (mean age 65, 55% men) in hospital with covid-19 and discharged alive by 31 August 2020, exactly matched to controls from a pool of about 50 million people in England for personal and clinical characteristics from 10 years of electronic health records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Rates of hospital readmission (or any admission for controls), all cause mortality, and diagnoses of respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, kidney, and liver diseases until 30 September 2020. Variations in rate ratios by age, sex, and ethnicity. RESULTS Over a mean follow-up of 140 days, nearly a third of individuals who were discharged from hospital after acute covid-19 were readmitted (14 060 of 47 780) and more than 1 in 10 (5875) died after discharge, with these events occurring at rates four and eight times greater, respectively, than in the matched control group. Rates of respiratory disease (P<0.001), diabetes (P<0.001), and cardiovascular disease (P<0.001) were also significantly raised in patients with covid-19, with 770 (95% confidence interval 758 to 783), 127 (122 to 132), and 126 (121 to 131) diagnoses per 1000 person years, respectively. Rate ratios were greater for individuals aged less than 70 than for those aged 70 or older, and in ethnic minority groups compared with the white population, with the largest differences seen for respiratory disease (10.5 (95% confidence interval 9.7 to 11.4) for age less than 70 years v 4.6 (4.3 to 4.8) for age ≥70, and 11.4 (9.8 to 13.3) for non-white v 5.2 (5.0 to 5.5) for white individuals). CONCLUSIONS Individuals discharged from hospital after covid-19 had increased rates of multiorgan dysfunction compared with the expected risk in the general population. The increase in risk was not confined to the elderly and was not uniform across ethnicities. The diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of post-covid syndrome requires integrated rather than organ or disease specific approaches, and urgent research is needed to establish the risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Vahé Nafilyan
- Office for National Statistics, Government Buildings, Newport, UK
| | - Thomas Maddox
- Office for National Statistics, Government Buildings, Newport, UK
| | - Ben Humberstone
- Office for National Statistics, Government Buildings, Newport, UK
| | - Ian Diamond
- Office for National Statistics, Government Buildings, Newport, UK
| | - Amitava Banerjee
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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Bergman J, Ballin M, Nordström A, Nordström P. Risk factors for COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, and subsequent all-cause mortality in Sweden: a nationwide study. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:287-298. [PMID: 33704634 PMCID: PMC7946619 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a nationwide, registry-based study to investigate the importance of 34 potential risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis, hospitalization (with or without intensive care unit [ICU] admission), and subsequent all-cause mortality. The study population comprised all COVID-19 cases confirmed in Sweden by mid-September 2020 (68,575 non-hospitalized, 2494 ICU hospitalized, and 13,589 non-ICU hospitalized) and 434,081 randomly sampled general-population controls. Older age was the strongest risk factor for hospitalization, although the odds of ICU hospitalization decreased after 60–69 years and, after controlling for other risk factors, the odds of non-ICU hospitalization showed no trend after 40–49 years. Residence in a long-term care facility was associated with non-ICU hospitalization. Male sex and the presence of at least one investigated comorbidity or prescription medication were associated with both ICU and non-ICU hospitalization. Three comorbidities associated with both ICU and non-ICU hospitalization were asthma, hypertension, and Down syndrome. History of cancer was not associated with COVID-19 hospitalization, but cancer in the past year was associated with non-ICU hospitalization, after controlling for other risk factors. Cardiovascular disease was weakly associated with non-ICU hospitalization for COVID-19, but not with ICU hospitalization, after adjustment for other risk factors. Excess mortality was observed in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 cases. These results confirm that severe COVID-19 is related to age, sex, and comorbidity in general. The study provides new evidence that hypertension, asthma, Down syndrome, and residence in a long-term care facility are associated with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bergman
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marcel Ballin
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Nordström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,School of Sport Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Peter Nordström
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Tadic M, Saeed S, Grassi G, Taddei S, Mancia G, Cuspidi C. Hypertension and COVID-19: Ongoing Controversies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:639222. [PMID: 33681308 PMCID: PMC7925389 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.639222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic responsible for millions of deaths around the world. Hypertension has been identified as one of the most common comorbidities and risk factors for severity and adverse outcome in these patients. Recent investigations have raised the question whether hypertension represents a predictor of outcome in COVID-19 patients independently of other common comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, other cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney, liver, and pulmonary diseases. However, the impact of chronic and newly diagnosed hypertension in COVID-19 patients has been insufficiently investigated. The same is true for the relationship between blood pressure levels and outcomes in COVID-19 patients. It seems that the long discussion about the impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and blockers of angiotensin I receptors (ARB) on severity and outcome in COVID-19 is approaching an end because the large number of original studies and meta-analyses discarded the initial findings about higher prevalence of ACEI/ARB use in patients with unfavorable outcomes. Nevertheless, there are many controversies in the relationship between hypertension and COVID-19. The aim of this review article is to provide a clinical overview of the currently available evidence regarding the predictive value of hypertension, the effect of blood pressure levels, the impact of previously known and newly diagnosed hypertension, and the effect of antihypertensive therapy on the severity and outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Tadic
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital “Dr. Dragisa Misovic - Dedinje”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sahrai Saeed
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Cardiology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano and Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Cesare Cuspidi
- Department of Cardiology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, Milan, Italy
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Simonelli C, Paneroni M, Vitacca M, Ambrosino N. Measures of physical performance in COVID-19 patients: a mapping review. Pulmonology 2021; 27:518-528. [PMID: 34284976 PMCID: PMC8221906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There is evidence of short- and long-term impairment of physical performance in patients with COVID-19 infection, but a verification of measures of physical impairment in this condition is lacking. We reviewed the measures used to assess physical performance in these patients. Secondary targets were measures of exercise or daily life activities induced symptoms. METHODS Medline, CINAHL, and Pedro databases were searched from January 2020 to February 2021 for articles in the English language. Two investigators independently conducted the search, screened all titles and/or abstracts based on the inclusion criteria and independently scored the studies. The quality of the studies was evaluated by two reviewers according to the NIH quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. Discrepancies were resolved through consensus. RESULTS Out of 156 potentially relevant articles, 31 observational studies (8 cross-sectional), 1 randomized controlled trial, and 1 protocol were included. The quality of most of the 31 evaluable studies was judged as low (11 studies) or fair (14 studies). Sample sizes of the studies ranged from 14 to 20,889 patients. among the 28 reported measures, Barthel Index (42.4% of studies), Six-Minute Walking Distance Test (36.4%), Short Physical Performance Battery (21.2%) and 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand (12.1%) were the most used. Fifteen% and 36% of studies reported exercise induced desaturation and dyspnoea when performing the assessments, respectively. Other exercise induced symptoms were fatigue and pain. Studies reported wide ranges of impairment in physical performance as compared to "reference" values (range of mean or median reported values vs "reference values": 11-77 vs 100 points for Barthel Index; 11-22 vs 22-37 repetitions/min for 1m-STS; 0.5-7.9 vs 11.4 ± 1.3 points for SPPB; and 45-223 vs 380-782 m for 6MWT respectively). CONCLUSION This review found that a wide variety of functional status tests have been used, making comparisons difficult between studies. These measures show impairment in physical performance in COVID-19 patients. However, the quality of most of the studies was judged as low or fair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Simonelli
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation Division of the Institute of Lumezzane, Via G Mazzini 129, 25065 Lumezzane (Brescia), Italy
| | - Mara Paneroni
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation Division of the Institute of Lumezzane, Via G Mazzini 129, 25065 Lumezzane (Brescia), Italy,Corresponding author
| | - Michele Vitacca
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation Division of the Institute of Lumezzane, Via G Mazzini 129, 25065 Lumezzane (Brescia), Italy
| | - Nicolino Ambrosino
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation Division of the Institute of Montescano, Pavia, Italy
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Pfortmueller CA, Spinetti T, Urman RD, Luedi MM, Schefold JC. COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS): Current knowledge on pathophysiology and ICU treatment - A narrative review. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2020; 35:351-368. [PMID: 34511224 PMCID: PMC7831801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) and is a major health concern. Following two SARS-CoV-2 pandemic “waves,” intensive care unit (ICU) specialists are treating a large number of COVID19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. From a pathophysiological perspective, prominent mechanisms of COVID19-associated ARDS (CARDS) include severe pulmonary infiltration/edema and inflammation leading to impaired alveolar homeostasis, alteration of pulmonary physiology resulting in pulmonary fibrosis, endothelial inflammation (endotheliitis), vascular thrombosis, and immune cell activation. Although the syndrome ARDS serves as an umbrella term, distinct, i.e., CARDS-specific pathomechanisms and comorbidities can be noted (e.g., virus-induced endotheliitis associated with thromboembolism) and some aspects of CARDS can be considered ARDS “atypical.” Importantly, specific evidence-based medical interventions for CARDS (with the potential exception of corticosteroid use) are currently unavailable, limiting treatment efforts to mostly supportive ICU care. In this article, we will discuss the underlying pulmonary pathophysiology and the clinical management of CARDS. In addition, we will outline current and potential future treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A Pfortmueller
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Thibaud Spinetti
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Richard D Urman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Markus M Luedi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Joerg C Schefold
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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