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Duarte F, Teçza M, Gedi V, McGourty K, Hudson SP. C5a peptidase (ScpA) activity towards human type II and type III interferons. Cytokine 2024; 180:156652. [PMID: 38759527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
C5a peptidase, also known as ScpA, is a surface associated serine protease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes and has been described as an important factor in streptococcus virulence, capable of cleaving complement components C5a, C3 and C3a. Although the interactions of ScpA with complement components is well studied, extensive screening of ScpA activity against other pro-inflammatory cytokines is lacking. Here, ScpA's ability to cleave human pro-inflammatory cytokines was tested, revealing its ability to cleave human IFNγ, IFNλ1, IFNλ2, C5, IL-37 but with significantly reduced activities. The functional consequence of ScpA's cleavage of IFNγ in its signalling through the Jak-Stat pathway has also been evaluated in an in vitro RPE1 cell model. These newly identified targets for ScpA highlight the complexity of streptococcus infections and indeed, the potential for ScpA to have a therapeutic role in the progression of inflammatory diseases involving these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Duarte
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Malgorzata Teçza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Vinayakumar Gedi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kieran McGourty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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2
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Mukherjee S, Chopra A, Karmakar S, Bhat SG. Periodontitis increases the risk of gastrointestinal dysfunction: an update on the plausible pathogenic molecular mechanisms. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-31. [PMID: 38602474 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2339260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an immuno-inflammatory disease of the soft tissues surrounding the teeth. Periodontitis is linked to many communicable and non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancers. The oral-systemic link between periodontal disease and systemic diseases is attributed to the spread of inflammation, microbial products and microbes to distant organ systems. Oral bacteria reach the gut via swallowed saliva, whereby they induce gut dysbiosis and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Some periodontal pathogens like Porphyromonas. gingivalis, Klebsiella, Helicobacter. Pylori, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus, Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetomcommitans and Streptococcus mutans can withstand the unfavorable acidic, survive in the gut and result in gut dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis increases gut inflammation, and induce dysplastic changes that lead to gut dysfunction. Various studies have linked oral bacteria, and oral-gut axis to various GIT disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, liver diseases, hepatocellular and pancreatic ductal carcinoma, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Although the correlation between periodontitis and GIT disorders is well established, the intricate molecular mechanisms by which oral microflora induce these changes have not been discussed extensively. This review comprehensively discusses the intricate and unique molecular and immunological mechanisms by which periodontal pathogens can induce gut dysbiosis and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Mukherjee
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaswata Karmakar
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Subraya Giliyar Bhat
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontology, College of Dental Surgery, Iman Abdulrahman Bin Faizal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Borbye-Lorenzen N, Zhu Z, Agerbo E, Albiñana C, Benros ME, Bian B, Børglum AD, Bulik CM, Debost JCPG, Grove J, Hougaard DM, McRae AF, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Musliner KL, Nordentoft M, Petersen LV, Privé F, Sidorenko J, Skogstrand K, Werge T, Wray NR, Vilhjálmsson BJ, McGrath JJ. The correlates of neonatal complement component 3 and 4 protein concentrations with a focus on psychiatric and autoimmune disorders. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100457. [PMID: 38116117 PMCID: PMC10726496 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Complement components have been linked to schizophrenia and autoimmune disorders. We examined the association between neonatal circulating C3 and C4 protein concentrations in 68,768 neonates and the risk of six mental disorders. We completed genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for C3 and C4 and applied the summary statistics in Mendelian randomization and phenome-wide association studies related to mental and autoimmune disorders. The GWASs for C3 and C4 protein concentrations identified 15 and 36 independent loci, respectively. We found no associations between neonatal C3 and C4 concentrations and mental disorders in the total sample (both sexes combined); however, post-hoc analyses found that a higher C3 concentration was associated with a reduced risk of schizophrenia in females. Mendelian randomization based on C4 summary statistics found an altered risk of five types of autoimmune disorders. Our study adds to our understanding of the associations between C3 and C4 concentrations and subsequent mental and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nis Borbye-Lorenzen
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- National Center for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- National Center for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, CIRRAU, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Clara Albiñana
- National Center for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Michael E. Benros
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beilei Bian
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and the iSEQ Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Philippe Goldtsche Debost
- National Center for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Department of Psychosis, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus Nord, Denmark
| | - Jakob Grove
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine (Human Genetics), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David M. Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Allan F. McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital – Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- National Center for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, CIRRAU, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Katherine L. Musliner
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital –Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Liselotte V. Petersen
- National Center for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Florian Privé
- National Center for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Julia Sidorenko
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristin Skogstrand
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Lundbeck Center for Geogenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naomi R. Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson
- National Center for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - John J. McGrath
- National Center for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, QLD 4076, Australia
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Haroon HB, Dhillon E, Farhangrazi ZS, Trohopoulos PN, Simberg D, Moghimi SM. Activation of the complement system by nanoparticles and strategies for complement inhibition. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 193:227-240. [PMID: 37949325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a multicomponent and multifunctional arm of the innate immune system. Complement contributes to non-specific host defence and maintains homeostasis through multifaceted processes and pathways, including crosstalk with the adaptive immune system, the contact (coagulation) and the kinin systems, and alarmin high-mobility group box 1. Complement is also present intracellularly, orchestrating a wide range of housekeeping and physiological processes in both immune and nonimmune cells, thus showing its more sophisticated roles beyond innate immunity, but its roles are still controversial. Particulate drug carriers and nanopharmaceuticals typically present architectures and surface patterns that trigger complement system in different ways, resulting in both beneficial and adverse responses depending on the extent of complement activation and regulation as well as pathophysiological circumstances. Here we consider the role of complement system and complement regulations in host defence and evaluate the mechanisms by which nanoparticles trigger and modulate complement responses. Effective strategies for the prevention of nanoparticle-mediated complement activation are introduced and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajira B Haroon
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Elisha Dhillon
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | | | - Dmitri Simberg
- Translational Bio-Nanosciences Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S Moein Moghimi
- School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
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5
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Yu J, Boland L, Catt M, Puk L, Wong N, Krockenberger M, Bennett P, Ruaux C, Wasinger VC. Serum proteome profiles in cats with chronic enteropathies. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1358-1367. [PMID: 37279179 PMCID: PMC10365053 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum protein biomarkers are used to diagnose, monitor treatment response, and to differentiate various forms of chronic enteropathies (CE) in humans. The utility of liquid biopsy proteomic approaches has not been examined in cats. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To explore the serum proteome in cats to identify markers differentiating healthy cats from cats with CE. ANIMALS Ten cats with CE with signs of gastrointestinal disease of at least 3 weeks duration, and biopsy-confirmed diagnoses, with or without treatment and 19 healthy cats were included. METHODS Cross-sectional, multicenter, exploratory study with cases recruited from 3 veterinary hospitals between May 2019 and November 2020. Serum samples were analyzed and evaluated using mass spectrometry-based proteomic techniques. RESULTS Twenty-six proteins were significantly (P < .02, ≥5-fold change in abundance) differentially expressed between cats with CE and controls. Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) was identified with >50-fold increase in abundance in cats with CE (P < 0.001) compared to healthy cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Damage to the gut lining released marker proteins of chronic inflammation that were detectable in serum samples of cats. This early-stage exploratory study strongly supports THBS1 as a candidate biomarker for chronic inflammatory enteropathy in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Yu
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Lara Boland
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Melissa Catt
- Paddington Cat Hospital, Paddington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leah Puk
- Paddington Cat Hospital, Paddington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nadia Wong
- McIvor Road Veterinary Centre, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Krockenberger
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Bennett
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Craig Ruaux
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Valerie C Wasinger
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Ghosh M, Rana S. The anaphylatoxin C5a: Structure, function, signaling, physiology, disease, and therapeutics. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110081. [PMID: 36989901 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is one of the oldest known tightly regulated host defense systems evolved for efficiently functioning cell-based immune systems and antibodies. Essentially, the complement system acts as a pivot between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The complement system collectively represents a cocktail of ∼50 cell-bound/soluble glycoproteins directly involved in controlling infection and inflammation. Activation of the complement cascade generates complement fragments like C3a, C4a, and C5a as anaphylatoxins. C5a is the most potent proinflammatory anaphylatoxin, which is involved in inflammatory signaling in a myriad of tissues. This review provides a comprehensive overview of human C5a in the context of its structure and signaling under several pathophysiological conditions, including the current and future therapeutic applications targeting C5a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaswini Ghosh
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Soumendra Rana
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India.
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7
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Chen X, Gao Y, Xie J, Hua H, Pan C, Huang J, Jing M, Chen X, Xu C, Gao Y, Li P. Identification of FCN1 as a novel macrophage infiltration-associated biomarker for diagnosis of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases. J Transl Med 2023; 21:203. [PMID: 36932401 PMCID: PMC10022188 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has been steadily increasing globally. Delayed diagnosis of PIBD increases the risk of complications and contributes to growth retardation. To improve long-term outcomes, there is a pressing need to identify novel markers for early diagnosis of PIBD. METHODS The candidate biomarkers for PIBD were identified from the GSE117993 dataset by two machine learning algorithms, namely LASSO and mSVM-RFE, and externally validated in the GSE126124 dataset and our PIBD cohort. The role of ficolin-1 (FCN1) in PIBD and its association with macrophage infiltration was investigated using the CIBERSORT method and enrichment analysis of the single-cell dataset GSE121380, and further validated using immunoblotting, qRT-PCR, and immunostaining in colon biopsies from PIBD patients, a juvenile murine DSS-induced colitis model, and THP-1-derived macrophages. RESULTS FCN1 showed great diagnostic performance for PIBD in an independent clinical cohort with the AUC of 0.986. FCN1 expression was upregulated in both colorectal biopsies and blood samples from PIBD patients. Functionally, FCN1 was associated with immune-related processes in the colonic mucosa of PIBD patients, and correlated with increased proinflammatory M1 macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, single-cell transcriptome analysis and immunostaining revealed that FCN1 was almost exclusively expressed in macrophages infiltrating the colonic mucosa of PIBD patients, and these FCN1+ macrophages were related to hyper-inflammation. Notably, proinflammatory M1 macrophages derived from THP-1 expressed high levels of FCN1 and IL-1β, and FCN1 overexpression in THP-1-derived macrophages strongly promoted LPS-induced activation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β via the NLRP3-caspase-1 axis. CONCLUSIONS FCN1 is a novel and promising diagnostic biomarker for PIBD. FCN1+ macrophages enriched in the colonic mucosa of PIBD exhibit proinflammatory phenotypes, and FCN1 promotes IL-1β maturation in macrophages via the NLRP3-caspase-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Rd.197, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuanqi Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Rd.197, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinfang Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Rd.197, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huiying Hua
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Rd.197, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chun Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Rd.197, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiebin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Rd.197, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mengxia Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Rd.197, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xuehua Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Rd.197, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chundi Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Rd.197, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yujing Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Er Rd.197, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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8
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Al-Rshaidat MMD, Al-Sharif S, Refaei AA, Shewaikani N, Alsayed AR, Rayyan YM. Evaluating the clinical application of the immune cells' ratios and inflammatory markers in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2023; 21:2755. [PMID: 37090461 PMCID: PMC10117338 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2023.1.2755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Developing methods for effective screening and diagnosis is extremely needed. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the potential of immune cells ratios in the diagnosis of IBD. Methods This case-control study includes data from Jordan University Hospital (JUH) medical records for IBD patients with age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Results This study included 46 participants, of which 56.52% had IBD, 54.35% were males, with insignificant differences in sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) between IBD patients and controls (p>0.05). In the CD group, the variables with the highest sensitivity and specificity (HSS) were neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) (75%, 80%) and platelet-to-lymphocytes (PLR) (75%, 90%), in UC group; mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (80%, 80%). In CD group, the combinations giving the HSS were PLR+NLR (76%, 90.9%), C-reactive protein (CRP)+PLR (76%, 90.9%), and CRP+NLR (73.07%, 90%). In UC group, the combinations giving the HSS were erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)+PLR (76.9%, 100%), PLR+MCH (74.07%, 100%), PLR+CRP (71.42%, 100%), and PLR+NLR (71.42%, 100%). Regression analysis identified five different combinations of significance in the diagnosis of CD and UC. Higher Youden's index was used and defined the most beneficial clinical combinations as NLR+PLR and CRP+PLR for CD, whereas ESR+PLR for UC. Conclusion Implications to our study include the clinical application of immune cell ratios, inflammatory markers, and their different combinations along with patients' history and physical examination findings for easier, faster, and more cost-effective diagnosis of IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoon M D Al-Rshaidat
- Department of Biological, Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular & Microbial Ecology (LaMME), School of Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Shaima Al-Sharif
- Department of Biological, Sciences, School of Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Assem Al Refaei
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Nour Shewaikani
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Ahmad R Alsayed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan.
| | - Yaser M Rayyan
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
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9
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Lu ZY, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Li SW, Zhong CB, Zhou XQ. Dietary mannan oligosaccharides strengthens intestinal immune barrier function via multipath cooperation during Aeromonas Hydrophila infection in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010221. [PMID: 36177013 PMCID: PMC9513311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) as a functional additive is widely used in aquaculture, to enhance fish immunity. An evaluation of the effect of dietary MOS supplementation on the immune barrier function and related signaling molecules mechanism of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was undertaken in the present study. Six diets with graded amounts of MOS supplementation (0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg) were fed to 540 grass carp over 60 days. To examine the immune response and potential mechanisms of MOS supplementation on the intestine, a challenge test was conducted using injections of Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. Results of the study on the optimal supplementation with MOS were found as follows (1) MOS enhances immunity partly related to increasing antibacterial substances content and antimicrobial peptides expression; (2) MOS attenuates inflammatory response partly related to regulating the dynamic balance of intestinal inflammatory cytokines; (3) MOS regulates immune barrier function may partly be related to modulating TLRs/MyD88/NFκB and TOR/S6K1/4EBP signalling pathways. Finally, the current study concluded that MOS supplementation could improve fish intestinal immune barrier function under Aeromonas hydrophila infected conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Lu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu-Wei Li
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Zhong
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Qiu Zhou,
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Kuret T, Peskar D, Kreft ME, Erman A, Veranič P. Comprehensive transcriptome profiling of urothelial cells following TNFα stimulation in an in vitro interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960667. [PMID: 36045687 PMCID: PMC9421144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial cells of the urinary bladder play a critical role in the development and progression of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), a chronic and debilitating inflammatory disease. Given the lack of data on the exact phenotype and function of urothelial cells in an inflammatory setting (as in IC/BPS), we performed the first in-depth characterization of these cells using RNA sequencing, qPCR, ELISA, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. After TNFα stimulation, urothelial cells in the in vitro model of IC/BPS showed marked upregulation of several proinflammatory mediators, such as SAA, C3, IFNGR1, IL1α, IL1β, IL8, IL23A, IL32, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL10, CXCL11, TNFAIPR, TNFRSF1B, and BIRC3, involved in processes and pathways of innate immunity, including granulocyte migration and chemotaxis, inflammatory response, and complement activation, as well as TLR-, NOD-like receptor- and NFkB-signaling pathways, suggesting their active role in shaping the local immune response of the bladder. Our study demonstrates that the TNFα-stimulated urothelial cells recapitulate key observations found in the bladders of patients with IC/BPS, underpinning their utility as a suitable in vitro model for understanding IC/BPS mechanisms and confirming the role of TNFα signaling as an important component of the associated pathology. The present study also identifies novel upregulated gene targets of TNFα in urothelial cells, including genes encoding the acute phase protein SAA, complement component C3, and the cytokine receptor IFNGR1, which could be exploited as therapeutic targets of IC/BPS. Altogether, our study provides a reference database of the phenotype of urothelial cells in an inflammatory environment that will not only increase our knowledge of their role in IC/BPS, but also advance our understanding of how urothelial cells shape tissue immunity in the bladder.
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11
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Retinal drusen counts are increased in inflammatory bowel disease, and with longer disease duration, more complications and associated IgA glomerulonephritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11744. [PMID: 35817816 PMCID: PMC9273621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal drusen are deposits of inflammatory proteins that are found in macular degeneration and glomerulonephritis and result, in part, from complement activation. This was a cross-sectional observational study of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) recruited from a Gastroenterology clinic who underwent non-mydriatic retinal photography. Deidentified images were examined for drusen, and drusen counts and size were compared with matched controls, and examined for clinical associations. The cohort with IBD comprised 19 individuals with ulcerative colitis, 41 with Crohn's disease and three with indeterminate colitis, including 34 males (54%) and an overall median age of 48 (IQR 23) years. Their median IBD duration was 7 (IQR 10) years, median CRP level was 7 (IQR 14) mg/L, and 28 (44%) had complications (fistula, stricture, bowel resection etc.), while 28 with Crohn's disease (68%) had colonic involvement. Drusen counts were higher in IBD than controls (12 ± 34, 3 ± 8 respectively, p = 0.04). Counts ≥ 10 were also more common (14, 22%, and 4, 6%, p = 0.02, OR 4.21, 95%CI 1.30 to 13.63), and associated with longer disease duration (p = 0.01, OR 1.06, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.13), an increased likelihood of complications (p = 0.003, OR 6.90, 95%CI 1.69 to 28.15) and higher CRP levels at recruitment (p = 0.008, OR1.02, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.05). Increased retinal drusen were found in all four individuals with Crohn's disease and IgA glomerulonephritis. IBD and drusen may share pathogenetic mechanisms and underlying risk factors such as complement activation.
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12
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Li Y, Lee AQ, Lu Z, Sun Y, Lu JW, Ren Z, Zhang N, Liu D, Gong Z. Systematic Characterization of the Disruption of Intestine during Liver Tumor Progression in the xmrk Oncogene Transgenic Zebrafish Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111810. [PMID: 35681505 PMCID: PMC9180660 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between tumors and their local microenvironment has been well studied, whereas the effect of tumors on distant tissues remains understudied. Studying how tumors affect other tissues is important for understanding the systemic effect of tumors and for improving the overall health of cancer patients. In this study, we focused on the changes in the intestine during liver tumor progression, using a previously established liver tumor model through inducible expression of the oncogene xmrk in zebrafish. Progressive disruption of intestinal structure was found in the tumor fish, displaying villus damage, thinning of bowel wall, increase in goblet cell number, decrease in goblet cell size and infiltration of eosinophils, most of which were observed phenotypes of an inflammatory intestine. Intestinal epithelial cell renewal was also disrupted, with decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death. Analysis of intestinal gene expression through RNA-seq suggested deregulation of genes related to intestinal function, epithelial barrier and homeostasis and activation of pathways in inflammation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix organization, as well as hemostasis. Gene set enrichment analysis showed common gene signatures between the intestine of liver tumor fish and human inflammatory bowel disease, the association of which with cancer has been recently noticed. Overall, this study represented the first systematic characterization of the disruption of intestine under the liver tumor condition and suggested targeting intestinal inflammation as a potential approach for managing cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (A.Q.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.); (J.-W.L.); (Z.R.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.G.)
| | - Ai Qi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (A.Q.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.); (J.-W.L.); (Z.R.); (N.Z.)
| | - Zhiyuan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (A.Q.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.); (J.-W.L.); (Z.R.); (N.Z.)
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuxi Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (A.Q.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.); (J.-W.L.); (Z.R.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Jeng-Wei Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (A.Q.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.); (J.-W.L.); (Z.R.); (N.Z.)
| | - Ziheng Ren
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (A.Q.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.); (J.-W.L.); (Z.R.); (N.Z.)
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (A.Q.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.); (J.-W.L.); (Z.R.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (A.Q.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.S.); (J.-W.L.); (Z.R.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.G.)
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13
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Chaudhary N, Jayaraman A, Reinhardt C, Campbell JD, Bosmann M. A single-cell lung atlas of complement genes identifies the mesothelium and epithelium as prominent sources of extrahepatic complement proteins. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:927-939. [PMID: 35672453 PMCID: PMC9173662 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To understand functional duality of the complement system in host defense and lung injury, a more comprehensive view of its localized production in the lung, and the impact of age on complement production are essential. Here, we explored the expression of complement genes through computational analysis of preexisting single cell RNA sequencing data from lung transcriptomes of healthy young (3 months) and old C57BL/6 mice (24 months), and humans. We characterized the distribution of 48 complement genes. Across 28 distinct immune and non-immune cell types in mice, mesothelial cells expressed the greatest number of complement genes (e.g., C1ra, C2, C3), and regulators (e.g., Serping1, Cfh). C5 was abundant in type II alveolar epithelial cells and C1q in interstitial lung macrophages. There were only moderate differences in gene expression between young and old mice. Among 57 human lung cell types, mesothelial cells showed abundant complement expression. A few differences in gene expression (e.g., FCN1, CFI, C6, C7) were also evident between mice and human lung cells. Our findings present a novel perspective on the expression patterns of complement genes in normal lungs. These findings highlight the potential functions of complement in tissue-specific homeostasis and immunity and may foster a mechanistic understanding of its role in lung health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chaudhary
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Archana Jayaraman
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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14
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Longitudinal analysis of human humoral responses after vaccination with a live attenuated V. cholerae vaccine. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009743. [PMID: 34478460 PMCID: PMC8445443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a bacterial pathogen which causes the severe acute diarrheal disease cholera. Given that a symptomatic incident of cholera can lead to long term protection, a thorough understanding of the immune response to this pathogen is needed to identify parameters critical to the generation and durability of immunity. To approach this, we utilized a live attenuated cholera vaccine to model the response to V. cholerae infection in 12 naïve subjects. We found that this live attenuated vaccine induced durable vibriocidal antibody titers that were maintained at least one year after vaccination. Similar to what we previously reported in infected patients from Bangladesh, we found that vaccination induced plasmablast responses were primarily specific to the two immunodominant antigens lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cholera toxin (CT). Interestingly, the magnitude of the early plasmablast response at day 7 predicted the serological outcome of vaccination at day 30. However, this correlation was no longer present at later timepoints. The acute responses displayed preferential immunoglobulin isotype usage, with LPS specific cells being largely IgM or IgA producing, while cholera toxin responses were predominantly IgG. Finally, CCR9 was highly expressed on vaccine induced plasmablasts, especially on IgM and IgA producing cells, suggesting a role in migration to the gastrointestinal tract. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the use of a live attenuated cholera vaccine is an effective tool to examine the primary and long-term immune response following V. cholerae exposure. Additionally, it provides insight into the phenotype and specificity of the cells which likely return to and mediate immunity at the intestinal mucosa. A thorough understanding of these properties both in peripheral blood and in the intestinal mucosae will inform future vaccine development against both cholera and other mucosal pathogens. Trial Registration: NCT03251495.
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15
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Kauffman RC, Adekunle O, Yu H, Cho A, Nyhoff LE, Kelly M, Harris JB, Bhuiyan TR, Qadri F, Calderwood SB, Charles RC, Ryan ET, Kong J, Wrammert J. Impact of Immunoglobulin Isotype and Epitope on the Functional Properties of Vibrio cholerae O-Specific Polysaccharide-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies. mBio 2021; 12:e03679-20. [PMID: 33879588 PMCID: PMC8092325 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03679-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae causes the severe diarrheal disease cholera. Clinical disease and current oral cholera vaccines generate antibody responses associated with protection. Immunity is thought to be largely mediated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific antibodies, primarily targeting the O-antigen. However, the properties and protective mechanism of functionally relevant antibodies have not been well defined. We previously reported on the early B cell response to cholera in a cohort of Bangladeshi patients, from which we characterized a panel of human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) isolated from acutely induced plasmablasts. All antibodies in that previous study were expressed in an IgG1 backbone irrespective of their original isotype. To clearly determine the impact of affinity, immunoglobulin isotype and subclass on the functional properties of these MAbs, we re-engineered a subset of low- and high-affinity antibodies in different isotype and subclass immunoglobulin backbones and characterized the impact of these changes on binding, vibriocidal, agglutination, and motility inhibition activity. While the high-affinity antibodies bound similarly to O-antigen, irrespective of isotype, the low-affinity antibodies displayed significant avidity differences. Interestingly, despite exhibiting lower binding properties, variants derived from the low-affinity MAbs had comparable agglutination and motility inhibition properties to the potently binding antibodies, suggesting that how the MAb binds to the O-antigen may be critical to function. In addition, not only pentameric IgM and dimeric IgA, but also monomeric IgA, was remarkably more potent than their IgG counterparts at inhibiting motility. Finally, analyzing highly purified F(ab) versions of these antibodies, we show that LPS cross-linking is essential for motility inhibition.IMPORTANCE Immunity to the severe diarrheal disease cholera is largely mediated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific antibodies. However, the properties and protective mechanisms of functionally relevant antibodies have not been well defined. Here, we have engineered low and high-affinity LPS-specific antibodies in different immunoglobulin backbones in order to assess the impact of affinity, immunoglobulin isotype, and subclass on binding, vibriocidal, agglutination, and motility inhibition functional properties. Importantly, we found that affinity did not directly dictate functional potency since variants derived from the low-affinity MAbs had comparable agglutination and motility inhibition properties to the potently binding antibodies. This suggests that how the antibody binds sterically may be critical to function. In addition, not only pentameric IgM and dimeric IgA, but also monomeric IgA, was remarkably more potent than their IgG counterparts at inhibiting motility. Finally, analyzing highly purified F(ab) versions of these antibodies, we show that LPS cross-linking is essential for motility inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Kauffman
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Oluwaseyi Adekunle
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hanyi Yu
- Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alice Cho
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lindsay E Nyhoff
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meagan Kelly
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason B Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stephen B Calderwood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richelle C Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward T Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun Kong
- Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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16
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Han Z, Wang H, Guo D, Zhang J. Integrative transcriptomic and metabonomic profiling analyses reveal the molecular mechanism of Chinese traditional medicine huankuile suspension on TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5087-5103. [PMID: 33535180 PMCID: PMC7950284 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Huankuile suspension (HKL), a typical traditional Chinese medicine, on ulcerative colitis (UC) in a rat model. UC model was established by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) enema. Then, the rats were randomly divided into three groups: water treated group, HKL treated group and 5- amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) treated group. After 7 days treatment, the histological score in the HKL treated group was comparable with those in the control group. qRT-PCR and western blot demonstrated that HKL could significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, while having less effect on anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-10. Transcriptomic analysis identified 670 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HKL treated UC rats and water treated UC rats. These DEGs were mostly related with immune response. Besides, metabonomic profile revealed 136 differential metabolites which were significantly enriched in “pyrimidine metabolism”, “glutathione metabolism”, “purine metabolism” and “citrate cycle”. Finally, integrated analysis revealed that metabonomic pathways including “steroid hormone biosynthesis”, “pyrimidine metabolism”, “purine metabolism”, and “glutathione metabolism” were altered by HKL at both transcriptomic and metabonomic levels. HKL could inhibit inflammation and regulate bile metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, glutathione metabolism and citrate cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglan Han
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hanyan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dongmei Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan Province, China
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17
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Romano R, Giardino G, Cirillo E, Prencipe R, Pignata C. Complement system network in cell physiology and in human diseases. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:159-170. [PMID: 33063546 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1833877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is a multi-functional system representing the first line host defense against pathogens in innate immune response, through three different pathways. Impairment of its function, consisting in deficiency or excessive deregulated activation, may lead to severe systemic infections or autoimmune disorders. These diseases may be inherited or acquired. Despite many diagnostic tools are currently available, ranging from traditional, such as hemolytic or ELISA based assays, to innovative ones, like next generation sequencing techniques, these diseases are often not recognized. As for therapeutic aspects, strategies based on the use of targeted drugs are now widespread. The aim of this review is to present an updated overview of complement system pathophysiology, clinical implications of its dysfunction and to summarize diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences - Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giardino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences - Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Cirillo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences - Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Prencipe
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences - Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pignata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences - Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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18
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Bhattacharya P, Ellegård R, Khalid M, Svanberg C, Govender M, Keita ÅV, Söderholm JD, Myrelid P, Shankar EM, Nyström S, Larsson M. Complement opsonization of HIV affects primary infection of human colorectal mucosa and subsequent activation of T cells. eLife 2020; 9:e57869. [PMID: 32876566 PMCID: PMC7492089 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV transmission via genital and colorectal mucosa are the most common routes of dissemination. Here, we explored the effects of free and complement-opsonized HIV on colorectal tissue. Initially, there was higher antiviral responses in the free HIV compared to complement-opsonized virus. The mucosal transcriptional response at 24 hr revealed the involvement of activated T cells, which was mirrored in cellular responses observed at 96 hr in isolated mucosal T cells. Further, HIV exposure led to skewing of T cell phenotypes predominantly to inflammatory CD4+ T cells, that is Th17 and Th1Th17 subsets. Of note, HIV exposure created an environment that altered the CD8+ T cell phenotype, for example expression of regulatory factors, especially when the virions were opsonized with complement factors. Our findings suggest that HIV-opsonization alters the activation and signaling pathways in the colorectal mucosa, which promotes viral establishment by creating an environment that stimulates mucosal T cell activation and inflammatory Th cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyot Bhattacharya
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Rada Ellegård
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Cecilia Svanberg
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Melissa Govender
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Johan D Söderholm
- Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Pär Myrelid
- Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Lembah PantaiKuala LumpurMalaysia
- Division of Infection Biology and Medical Microbiology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil NaduThiruvarurIndia
| | - Sofia Nyström
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Marie Larsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
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19
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Li X, Lee EJ, Gawel DR, Lilja S, Schäfer S, Zhang H, Benson M. Meta-Analysis of Expression Profiling Data Indicates Need for Combinatorial Biomarkers in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8279619. [PMID: 32411805 PMCID: PMC7204128 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8279619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unbiased studies using different genome-wide methods have identified a great number of candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment response in pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC). However, clinical translation has been proven difficult. Here, we hypothesized that one reason could be differences between inflammatory responses in an inflamed gut and in peripheral blood cells. METHODS We performed meta-analysis of gene expression microarray data from intestinal biopsies and whole blood cells (WBC) from pediatric patients with UC and healthy controls in order to identify overlapping pathways, predicted upstream regulators, and potential biomarkers. RESULTS Analyses of profiling datasets from colonic biopsies showed good agreement between different studies regarding pathways and predicted upstream regulators. The most activated predicted upstream regulators included TNF, which is known to have a key pathogenic and therapeutic role in pediatric UC. Despite this, the expression levels of TNF were increased in neither colonic biopsies nor WBC. A potential explanation was increased expression of TNFR2, one of the membrane-bound receptors of TNF in the inflamed colon. Further analyses showed a similar pattern of complex relations between the expression levels of the regulators and their receptors. We also found limited overlap between pathways and predicted upstream regulators in colonic biopsies and WBC. An extended search including all differentially expressed genes that overlapped between colonic biopsies and WBC only resulted in identification of three potential biomarkers involved in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. However, two had been previously proposed in adult inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), namely, MMP9 and PROK2. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that biomarker identification in pediatric UC is complicated by the involvement of multiple pathways, each of which includes many different types of genes in the blood or inflamed intestine. Therefore, further studies for identification of combinatorial biomarkers are warranted. Our study may provide candidate biomarkers for such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Li
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Danuta R. Gawel
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sandra Lilja
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Samuel Schäfer
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Huan Zhang
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital, Linköping University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Mikael Benson
- Centre for Personalized Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital, Linköping University Hospital, Sweden
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20
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Jin L, Li L, Hu C, Paez-Cortez J, Bi Y, Macoritto M, Cao S, Tian Y. Integrative Analysis of Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Colon Biopsies. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1906-1918. [PMID: 31173627 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are intestinal chronic inflammatory conditions characterized by altered epithelial barrier function and tissue damage. Despite significant efforts to understanding the biological mechanisms responsible for gut inflammation, the pathophysiology of CD and UC remains poorly understood. METHODS To help elucidate the potential mechanisms responsible for gut inflammation in CD and UC, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of human colon biopsy specimens was performed. Dysregulated genes and proteins in disease tissues compared with normal tissues were characterized from the expression profiles and further subjected to pathway analysis to identify altered biological processes and signaling pathways. RESULTS Sample analysis showed 4250 genes with matched protein expression and a wide range of correlation of RNA-protein abundance across samples. Pathway analysis of dysregulated genes and proteins in CD and UC showed alterations in immune and inflammatory responses, complement cascade, and the suppression of metabolic processes and PPAR signaling. In CD, increased T-helper cell differentiation and elevated toll-like receptor and JAK/STAT signaling were observed. Interestingly, increased MAPK signaling was only observed in UC. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis suggested a possible role of epigenetic regulation in UC. Of note, a large discrepancy between regulation of RNA and protein levels in inflamed colon samples was detected for previously identified biomarkers including MMP14 and LAMP1. CONCLUSIONS With the analysis of dysregulated genes and pathways, the present study unravels key mechanisms contributing to CD and UC pathogenesis and emphasizes that integrative analysis of multi-omics data sets can provide more insight into understanding complex disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jin
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li Li
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chenqi Hu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Yingtao Bi
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sherry Cao
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu Tian
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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22
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Lloyd-Price J, Arze C, Ananthakrishnan AN, Schirmer M, Avila-Pacheco J, Poon TW, Andrews E, Ajami NJ, Bonham KS, Brislawn CJ, Casero D, Courtney H, Gonzalez A, Graeber TG, Hall AB, Lake K, Landers CJ, Mallick H, Plichta DR, Prasad M, Rahnavard G, Sauk J, Shungin D, Vázquez-Baeza Y, White RA, Braun J, Denson LA, Jansson JK, Knight R, Kugathasan S, McGovern DPB, Petrosino JF, Stappenbeck TS, Winter HS, Clish CB, Franzosa EA, Vlamakis H, Xavier RJ, Huttenhower C. Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases. Nature 2019; 569:655-662. [PMID: 31142855 PMCID: PMC6650278 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1404] [Impact Index Per Article: 280.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, which include Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, affect several million individuals worldwide. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are complex diseases that are heterogeneous at the clinical, immunological, molecular, genetic, and microbial levels. Individual contributing factors have been the focus of extensive research. As part of the Integrative Human Microbiome Project (HMP2 or iHMP), we followed 132 subjects for one year each to generate integrated longitudinal molecular profiles of host and microbial activity during disease (up to 24 time points each; in total 2,965 stool, biopsy, and blood specimens). Here we present the results, which provide a comprehensive view of functional dysbiosis in the gut microbiome during inflammatory bowel disease activity. We demonstrate a characteristic increase in facultative anaerobes at the expense of obligate anaerobes, as well as molecular disruptions in microbial transcription (for example, among clostridia), metabolite pools (acylcarnitines, bile acids, and short-chain fatty acids), and levels of antibodies in host serum. Periods of disease activity were also marked by increases in temporal variability, with characteristic taxonomic, functional, and biochemical shifts. Finally, integrative analysis identified microbial, biochemical, and host factors central to this dysregulation. The study’s infrastructure resources, results, and data, which are available through the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Multi’omics Database (http://ibdmdb.org), provide the most comprehensive description to date of host and microbial activities in inflammatory bowel diseases. The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Multi’omics Database includes longitudinal data encompassing a multitude of analyses of stool, blood and biopsies of more than 100 individuals, and provides a comprehensive description of host and microbial activities in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Lloyd-Price
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cesar Arze
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Melanie Schirmer
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tiffany W Poon
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Nadim J Ajami
- Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin S Bonham
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colin J Brislawn
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, WA, USA
| | - David Casero
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Holly Courtney
- Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Brantley Hall
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen Lake
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carol J Landers
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Himel Mallick
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damian R Plichta
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mahadev Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gholamali Rahnavard
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Sauk
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza
- Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard A White
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Braun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Janet K Jansson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Harland S Winter
- Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Franzosa
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Haussner F, Chakraborty S, Halbgebauer R, Huber-Lang M. Challenge to the Intestinal Mucosa During Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:891. [PMID: 31114571 PMCID: PMC6502990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex of life-threating organ dysfunction in critically ill patients, with a primary infectious cause or through secondary infection of damaged tissues. The systemic consequences of sepsis have been intensively examined and evidences of local alterations and repercussions in the intestinal mucosal compartment is gradually defining gut-associated changes during sepsis. In the present review, we focus on sepsis-induced dysfunction of the intestinal barrier, consisting of an increased permeability of the epithelial lining, which may facilitate bacterial translocation. We discuss disturbances in intestinal vascular tonus and perfusion and coagulopathies with respect to their proposed underlying molecular mechanisms. The consequences of enzymatic responses by pancreatic proteases, intestinal alkaline phosphatases, and several matrix metalloproteases are also described. We conclude our insight with a discussion on novel therapeutic interventions derived from crucial aspects of the gut mucosal dynamics during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Haussner
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shinjini Chakraborty
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Halbgebauer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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24
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Sun YH, Li J, Shu HJ, Li ZL, Qian JM. Serum immunoinflammation-related protein complexes discriminate between inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 21:1680-1686. [PMID: 30955196 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an important risk factor for colon cancer. Novel serum immunoinflammation-related protein complexes (IIRPCs) have shown associations with early cancer detection. Herein, we investigated the potential of serum IIRPCs for discriminating between IBD and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS Serum protein complexes of 65 healthy controls, 57 CRC, 69 (ulcerative colitis) UC, and 67 (Crohn's disease) CD patients were isolated by native-PAGE. The gray values of serum IIRPCs bands in the gel were quantified using Quantity One software. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the discriminating ability by calculating the area under the ROC curve. RESULTS The serum IIRPCs levels in IBD and CRC patients were significantly elevated compared to healthy controls. ROC analysis indicated certain diagnostic ability of serum IIRPCs in differentiating IBD from CRC. Specifically, "a3" complex discriminated UC from CRC, with an AUC value of 0.722, sensitivity of 69.4% and specificity of 63.8%. Similarly, "b4" complex discriminated UC from CRC, with an AUC value of 0.709, sensitivity of 70.4%, and specificity of 60.0%. In addition, the "a3" complex also discriminated CD from CRC, with an AUC value of 0.785, sensitivity of 73.1%, and specificity of 74.1%, while the "b4" complex showed a tendency to discriminate CD from CRC, with an AUC value of 0.663, sensitivity of 67.9% and specificity of 50.0%. Thus, an equation based on multiple IIRPCs was built to further improve the discriminating power. CONCLUSIONS Serum IIRPCs can be used to discriminate IBD from CRC and may also be associated with early screening of colitis-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - J Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Z L Li
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan San Tiao, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China.
| | - J M Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Pazmandi J, Kalinichenko A, Ardy RC, Boztug K. Early-onset inflammatory bowel disease as a model disease to identify key regulators of immune homeostasis mechanisms. Immunol Rev 2019; 287:162-185. [PMID: 30565237 PMCID: PMC7379380 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rare, monogenetic diseases present unique models to dissect gene functions and biological pathways, concomitantly enhancing our understanding of the etiology of complex (and often more common) traits. Although inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a generally prototypic complex disease, it can also manifest in an early-onset, monogenic fashion, often following Mendelian modes of inheritance. Recent advances in genomic technologies have spurred the identification of genetic defects underlying rare, very early-onset IBD (VEO-IBD) as a disease subgroup driven by strong genetic influence, pinpointing key players in the delicate homeostasis of the immune system in the gut and illustrating the intimate relationships between bowel inflammation, systemic immune dysregulation, and primary immunodeficiency with increased susceptibility to infections. As for other human diseases, it is likely that adult-onset diseases may represent complex diseases integrating the effects of host genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers. Comparison of adult-onset IBD and VEO-IBD thus provides beautiful models to investigate the relationship between monogenic and multifactorial/polygenic diseases. This review discusses the present and novel findings regarding monogenic IBD as well as key questions and future directions of IBD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pazmandi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Artem Kalinichenko
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Rico Chandra Ardy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesViennaAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of PediatricsSt. Anna Kinderspital and Children's Cancer Research InstituteMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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26
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Dias AM, Pereira MS, Padrão NA, Alves I, Marcos-Pinto R, Lago P, Pinho SS. Glycans as critical regulators of gut immunity in homeostasis and disease. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Sorbara MT, Foerster EG, Tsalikis J, Abdel-Nour M, Mangiapane J, Sirluck-Schroeder I, Tattoli I, van Dalen R, Isenman DE, Rohde JR, Girardin SE, Philpott DJ. Complement C3 Drives Autophagy-Dependent Restriction of Cyto-invasive Bacteria. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:644-652.e5. [PMID: 29746835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In physiological settings, the complement protein C3 is deposited on all bacteria, including invasive pathogens. However, because experimental host-bacteria systems typically use decomplemented serum to avoid the lytic action of complement, the impact of C3 coating on epithelial cell responses to invasive bacteria remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that following invasion, intracellular C3-positive Listeria monocytogenes is targeted by autophagy through a direct C3/ATG16L1 interaction, resulting in autophagy-dependent bacterial growth restriction. In contrast, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella Typhimurium escape autophagy-mediated growth restriction in part through the action of bacterial outer membrane proteases that cleave bound C3. Upon oral infection with Listeria, C3-deficient mice displayed defective clearance at the intestinal mucosa. Together, these results demonstrate an intracellular role of complement in triggering antibacterial autophagy and immunity against intracellular pathogens. Since C3 indiscriminately associates with foreign surfaces, the C3-ATG16L1 interaction may provide a universal mechanism of xenophagy initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Sorbara
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Jessica Tsalikis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mena Abdel-Nour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Joseph Mangiapane
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Ivan Tattoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rob van Dalen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David E Isenman
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John R Rohde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4R2, Canada
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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28
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McCarthy JD, Cao Q, Winsor N, Van Limbergen J, Stadnyk AW. The anaphylatoxin C3a primes model colonic epithelial cells for expression of inflammatory mediators through Gαi. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:125-132. [PMID: 30261438 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have identified that complement becomes activated during inflammation of the intestines yet it is unclear what roles the split complement molecules play. The epithelium, in particular, may be impacted and accordingly, we first discovered that colonic cell lines indeed possess the C5aR. Here we examined whether these cells also possess the C3aR. We determined that T84, HT-29 and Caco2 all possess C3aR mRNA and protein; T84 and HT29 were used to further explore the consequence of C3a binding the C3aR. C3a led to increased mRNA for CXCL2, CXCL8 and CXCL11. Polarized T84 monolayers responded to apically applied C3a with increased CXCL8 mRNA more rapidly than if the C3a was applied basolaterally. Polarized monolayers also increased permeability when treated with C3a. ERK1/2 was activated by C3a and the increase in CXCL8 mRNA was ERK-dependent in both T84 and HT-29. C3a resulted in activation of Gαi, determined by the ERK1/2 signal showing sensitivity to pertussis toxin. The transmembrane signal was further mapped to include Ras and c-Raf. Finally, we show that the C3aR is expressed by primary cells in mouse enteroids. We conclude that complement activation will contribute to the epithelial response during inflammation through C3a binding to the C3aR including by priming the cells to upregulate mRNA for selected chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D McCarthy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Room 7-C, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Room 7-C, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Winsor
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Room 7-C, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Johan Van Limbergen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Room 7-C, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, 5850 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Andrew W Stadnyk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Room 7-C, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, 5850 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada.
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29
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Marques da Costa P, Correia L, Correia LA. The Complexity of Renal Involvment in IBD-C3 Glomerulopathy in Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018. [PMID: 29522131 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques da Costa
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Correia
- Pathology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Araújo Correia
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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30
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Shaw KA, Cutler DJ, Okou D, Dodd A, Aronow BJ, Haberman Y, Stevens C, Walters TD, Griffiths A, Baldassano RN, Noe JD, Hyams JS, Crandall WV, Kirschner BS, Heyman MB, Snapper S, Guthery S, Dubinsky MC, Shapiro JM, Otley AR, Daly M, Denson LA, Kugathasan S, Zwick ME. Genetic variants and pathways implicated in a pediatric inflammatory bowel disease cohort. Genes Immun 2018; 20:131-142. [PMID: 29593342 PMCID: PMC6162182 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-018-0015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, approximately 5% of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are younger than 20 years old. Studies of pediatric cohorts can provide unique insights into genetic architecture of IBD, which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Large genome-wide association studies have found more than 200 IBD-associated loci but explain a minority of disease variance for CD and UC. We sought to characterize the contribution of rare variants to disease development, comparing exome sequencing of 368 pediatric IBD patients to publicly available exome sequencing (dbGaP) and aggregate frequency data (ExAC). Using dbGaP data, we performed logistic regression for common variants and optimal unified association tests (SKAT-O) for rare, likely-deleterious variants. We further compared rare variants to ExAC counts with Fisher's exact tests. We did pathway enrichment analysis on the most significant genes from each comparison. Many variants overlapped with known IBD-associated genes (e.g. NOD2). Rare variants were enriched in CD-associated loci (p = 0.009) and showed suggestive enrichment in neutrophil function genes (p = 0.05). Pathway enrichment implicated immune-related pathways, especially cell killing and apoptosis. Variants in extracellular matrix genes also emerged as an important theme in our analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Shaw
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David J Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Okou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Dodd
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yael Haberman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Thomas D Walters
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Griffiths
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert N Baldassano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D Noe
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Hyams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Wallace V Crandall
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Barbara S Kirschner
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melvin B Heyman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Snapper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Guthery
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marla C Dubinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason M Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anthony R Otley
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mark Daly
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Michael E Zwick
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Sina C, Kemper C, Derer S. The intestinal complement system in inflammatory bowel disease: Shaping intestinal barrier function. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:66-73. [PMID: 29486961 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is part of innate sensor and effector systems such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). It recognizes and quickly systemically and/or locally respond to microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) with a tailored defense reaction. MAMP recognition by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and appropriate immune responses are of major importance for the maintenance of intestinal barrier function. Enterocytes highly express various complement components that are suggested to be pivotal for proper IEC function. Appropriate activation of the intestinal complement system seems to play an important role in the resolution of chronic intestinal inflammation, while over-activation and/or dysregulation may worsen intestinal inflammation. Mice deficient for single complement components suffer from enhanced intestinal inflammation mimicking the phenotype of patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanisms leading to complement expression in IECs seem to differ markedly between UC and CD patients. Hence, how IECs, intestinal bacteria and epithelial cell expressed complement components interact in the course of IBD still remains to be mostly elucidated to define potential unique patterns contributing to the distinct subtypes of intestinal inflammation observed in CD and UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; 1st Department of Medicine, Section of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefanie Derer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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Abernathy J, Overturf K. Expression of Antisense Long Noncoding RNAs as Potential Regulators in Rainbow Trout with Different Tolerance to Plant-Based Diets. Anim Biotechnol 2018; 30:87-94. [PMID: 29300121 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2017.1401546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reformulation of aquafeeds in salmonid diets to include more plant proteins is critical for sustainable aquaculture. However, increasing plant proteins can lead to stunted growth and enteritis. Toward an understanding of the regulatory mechanisms behind plant protein utilization, directional RNA sequencing of liver tissues from a rainbow trout strain selected for growth on an all plant-protein diet and a control strain, both fed a plant diet for 12 weeks, were utilized to construct long noncoding RNAs. Antisense long noncoding RNAs were selected for differential expression and functional analyses since they have been shown to have regulatory actions within a genome. A total of 142 unique antisense long noncoding RNAs were differentially expressed between strains, 60 of which could be mapped to a gene. Genes underlying these noncoding RNAs are indicated in lipid metabolism and immunity. Six noncoding transcripts were also found to overlap with differentially expressed protein-coding genes, all of which were co-expressed. Associating variation in regulatory elements between rainbow trout strains with differing tolerance to plant-protein diets will assist in future studies toward increased gains throughout carnivorous aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Abernathy
- a USDA, Agricultural Research Service , Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center , Stuttgart , AR , USA
| | - Ken Overturf
- b USDA, Agricultural Research Service , Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station , Hagerman , ID , USA
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Li Z, Wang X, Chen M, Wang Y, Sun R, Qu H, Sun Y, Gao W, Li B, Dong X, Zhang Y, Xia Z. Effectiveness of C5a aptamers in a TNBS-induced colitis mouse model. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:6119-6124. [PMID: 29285167 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement-activated product, complement component 5a (C5a), is a potent inflammatory peptide with a broad spectrum of functions. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that C5a serves an important role in inflammation; however, the role of C5a in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not known. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of C5a in IBD using an experimental mouse model of colitis. Colitis was induced in mice using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and C5a aptamers were subsequently administered via intraperitoneal injection. Clinical symptoms of the disease, histopathological analysis of the colon and the level of inflammatory components were examined. The symptoms of colitis, including changes in behavior, weight loss, colon damage and an increase in inflammatory cytokines, were attenuated following the treatment of mice with TNBS-induced colitis with C5a aptamers. The aptamer-treated mice exhibited a marked attenuation of colitis when compared with untreated mice, as demonstrated by the phenotypic observations, histological examinations and inflammatory cytokine levels. Colitis is characterized by an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. The results of the current study suggest that C5a may serve a critical role in inflammation in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Man Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Han Qu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Weicun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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Regulation of epithelial cell expressed C3 in the intestine - Relevance for the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease? Mol Immunol 2017; 90:227-238. [PMID: 28843904 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The complement system not only plays a critical role in efficient detection and clearance of bacteria, but also in intestinal immune homeostasis as mice deficient for key complement components display enhanced intestinal inflammation upon experimental colitis. Because underlying molecular mechanisms for this observation are unclear, we investigated the crosstalk between intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), bacteria and the complement system in the course of chronic colitis. Surprisingly, mouse intestinal epithelial cell lines constitutively express high mRNA levels of complement component 3 (C3), Toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2) and Tlr4. Stimulation of these cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but not with flagellin, LD-muramyldipeptide or peptidoglycan, triggered increased C3 expression, secretion and activation. Stimulation of the C3aR on these cell lines with C3a resulted in an increase of LPS-triggered pro-inflammatory response. Tissue biopsies from C57BL/6J mice revealed higher expression of C3, Tlr1, Tlr2 and Tlr4 in colonic primary IECs (pIECs) compared to ileal pIECs, while in germ-free mice no differences in C3 protein expression was observed. In DSS-induced chronic colitis mouse models, C3 mRNA expression was upregulated in colonic biopsies and ileal pIECs with elevated C3 protein in the lamina propria, IECs and the mucus. Notably, increased C3b opsonization of mucosa-attached bacteria and decreased fecal full-length C3 protein was observed in DSS-treated compared to untreated mice. Of significant interest, non-inflamed and inflamed colonic biopsy samples from CD but not UC patients displayed exacerbated C3 expression compared to controls. These findings suggest that a novel TLR4-C3 axis could control the intestinal immune response during chronic colitis.
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Ding P, Li L, Huang T, Yang C, Xu E, Wang N, Zhang L, Gu H, Yao X, Zhou X, Hu W. Complement component 6 deficiency increases susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis. Immunobiology 2016; 221:1293-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fakhoury M. Immune-mediated processes in neurodegeneration: where do we stand? J Neurol 2016; 263:1683-701. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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De Santis C, Bartie KL, Olsen RE, Taggart JB, Tocher DR. Nutrigenomic profiling of transcriptional processes affected in liver and distal intestine in response to a soybean meal-induced nutritional stress in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2015; 15:1-11. [PMID: 25916579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to generate an experimental model to characterize the nutrigenomic profile of a plant-derived nutritional stress. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was used as the model species. The nutritional stress was induced by inclusion of dietary defatted soybean meal (SBM), as this ingredient had been previously demonstrated to induce enteropathy in the distal intestine and reduce growth in salmon. Triplicate groups of Atlantic salmon were fed concentrations of 0, 100, 200 and 300 g kg(-1) SBM for 12 weeks and reduced growth performance was used as the indicator of nutritional stress. The transcriptome was analyzed in two tissues, liver and distal intestine, with the hypothesis being that the liver transcriptome would be characterized by gene expression responses related to overall growth and health performance, whereas intestinal gene expression would be dominated by specific responses to SBM. A set of 133 genes was differentially expressed in liver including 44 genes in common with the intestinal response. The liver-specific response included up-regulation of genes involved in protein digestion, energy metabolism and immune functions, whereas genes in other metabolic pathways were generally anabolic and down-regulated. These responses may be more related to general nutritional stress than to SBM per se. The transcriptomic profile in the distal intestine was consistent with the enteritis response as described previously. This study provides a comprehensive report on the profiles of liver and distal intestine transcriptomes, specifically highlighting the role of the liver in fish undergoing SBM-induced nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian De Santis
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Kerry L Bartie
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Rolf E Olsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Matre 5984, Norway; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - John B Taggart
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Douglas R Tocher
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 10-deficient mice (IL-10(-/-)) are a popular model used to dissect the mechanisms underlying inflammatory bowel diseases. The role of complement, a host defense mechanism that bridges the innate and adaptive immune systems, has not been described in this model. We therefore studied the effect of deficiency of properdin, a positive regulator of complement, on colitis in mice with the IL-10(-/-) background. METHODS For acute colitis, IL-10(-/-) and IL-10/properdin double knockout (DKO) or radiation bone marrow-reconstituted chimeric mice, had piroxicam added to their powdered chow for 14 days. For chronic colitis, 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate was added to the animals' water for 4 days then the mice were killed 8 weeks later. Colons were assessed for inflammation, cell infiltration, and cytokine and complement measurements. Bacterial translocation was measured by cultivating bacteria from organs on Luria broth agar plates. RESULTS C3a and C5a levels and C9 deposition were all increased in piroxicam-fed IL-10(-/-) mice compared with mice not fed piroxicam. Piroxicam-fed DKO mice lacked increased C5a and C9 deposition combined with exacerbated colitis, reduced numbers of infiltrating neutrophils, and markedly higher local and systemic bacterial numbers compared with IL-10(-/-) mice. Bone marrow cells from IL-10(-/-) mice were sufficient to restore protection against the heightened colitis in piroxicam-fed DKO mice. CONCLUSIONS Complement is activated in the IL-10(-/-) mouse mucosa in a properdin-dependent manner. In the absence of terminal complement activation, the inflammation is heightened, likely due to a lack of neutrophil control over microbes escaping from the intestines.
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Jain U, Cao Q, Thomas NA, Woodruff TM, Schwaeble WJ, Stover CM, Stadnyk AW. Properdin provides protection from Citrobacter rodentium-induced intestinal inflammation in a C5a/IL-6-dependent manner. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3414-21. [PMID: 25725105 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Citrobacter rodentium is an attaching and effacing mouse pathogen that models enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in humans. The complement system is an important innate defense mechanism; however, only scant information is available about the role of complement proteins during enteric infections. In this study, we examined the impact of the lack of properdin, a positive regulator of complement, in C. rodentium-induced colitis. Following infection, properdin knockout (P(KO)) mice had increased diarrhea and exacerbated inflammation combined with defective epithelial cell-derived IL-6 and greater numbers of colonizing bacteria. The defect in the mucosal response was reversed by administering exogenous properdin to P(KO) mice. Then, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we show that the mechanism behind the exacerbated inflammation of P(KO) mice is due to a failure to increase local C5a levels. We show that C5a directly stimulates IL-6 production from colonic epithelial cells and that inhibiting C5a in infected wild-type mice resulted in defective epithelial IL-6 production and exacerbated inflammation. These outcomes position properdin early in the response to an infectious challenge in the colon, leading to complement activation and C5a, which in turn provides protection through IL-6 expression by the epithelium. Our results unveil a previously unappreciated mechanism of intestinal homeostasis involving complement, C5a, and IL-6 during bacteria-triggered epithelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umang Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Nikhil A Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7, Canada; Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Wilhelm J Schwaeble
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Cordula M Stover
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Andrew W Stadnyk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7, Canada
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