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Kujoana TC, Sehlabela LD, Mabelebele M, Sebola NA. The potential significance of antioxidants in livestock reproduction: Sperm viability and cryopreservation. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 267:107512. [PMID: 38901083 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Male reproductive efficiency is primarily defined by the generation of high-quality and viable sperm cells in farm animals. However, the literature shows that male fertility has declined in recent years due various factors including heat stress, which causes the development of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) which damages sperm cells. This review aimed to examine the potential significance of antioxidants in increasing and preserving sperm quality and viability. Data used to produce this review paper came from recently published articles in peer reviewed journals. Google Scholar, Science Direct, Research Gate, Web of Science, and the Directory of Open Access Journals were used to access the data. Various studies have shown that antioxidants play acritical role in preserving the sperm quality and viability by protecting sperm cells from the potential damage from oxidative stress induced by the development of oxygen species imbalances. However, there is less information on the use of natural or synthetic antioxidants to preserve semen quality through in vivo procedures, despite its growing popularity and promising results. Hence, there is a need for researchers to explore more on this topic, especially in other livestock species than poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tlou Christopher Kujoana
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1709, South Africa.
| | - Lerato Deirdre Sehlabela
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1709, South Africa.
| | - Monnye Mabelebele
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1709, South Africa.
| | - Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1709, South Africa.
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2
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Meng Y, Tan Z, Sawut A, Li L, Chen C. Association between Life's Essential 8 and cataract among US adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13101. [PMID: 38849465 PMCID: PMC11161494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) indicators and cataract risk is lacking. Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is the latest concept proposed by the American Heart Association to comprehensively reflect CVH status. LE8 includes four health behaviors (diet, physical activity, smoking, and sleep) and four health factors (blood lipid, blood sugar, blood pressure, and body mass index). This study tried to evaluate the association between LE8 and cataract using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008, a continuous research program which aims to monitor and evaluate the health and nutrition status of the US population. A cross-sectional study of 2720 non-cataract participants and 602 cataract participants. All participants were assigned to the poor, intermediate, and ideal CVH status groups based on LE8 score. Weighted multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the correlation between the LE8 score and cataract, as well as the correlation between each of the eight subitems and cataract, with potential confounding variables being adjusted. Then, restricted cubic spline analysis was used to further explore whether there was a nonlinear relationship between LE8 score and cataract. The proportion of cataract participants was 14.1%, 18.2%, and 20.6% in the ideal, intermediate, and poor CVH groups, respectively (P < 0.05). LE8 score was inversely associated with cataract risk, with each 10-point increase in LE8 score associated with a 14% reduction in cataract risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79-0.93, P < 0.01]. Among all the LE8 subitems, physical activity, sleep, and blood glucose were significantly associated with cataract risk (all P < 0.05). Better CVH, defined by a higher LE8 score, is associated with a lower cataract risk. Efforts to improve LE8 score (especially when it comes to physical activity, sleep, and blood glucose) may serve as a novel strategy to help reduce the risk of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongbiao Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Abdulla Sawut
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China.
| | - Changzheng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Shadab A, Abbasi-Kolli M, Saharkhiz M, Ahadi SH, Shokouhi B, Nahand JS. The interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome in multiple sclerosis: Therapeutic implications and animal model studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116673. [PMID: 38713947 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disorder that impacts the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. The NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a multiprotein complex of the innate immune system, serves an essential role in the pathogenesis of MS by regulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β & IL-18) and the induction of pyroptotic cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main potential factors that can trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lead to inflammation and axonal damage in MS. This highlights the importance of understanding how mitochondrial dynamics modulate NLRP3 inflammasome activity and contribute to the inflammatory and neurodegenerative features of MS. The lack of a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of MS and the urge for the introduction of new therapeutic strategies led us to review the therapeutic potential of targeting the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and the NLRP3 inflammasome in MS. This paper also evaluates the natural and synthetic compounds that can improve mitochondrial function and/or inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby providing neuroprotection. Moreover, it summarizes the evidence from animal models of MS that demonstrate the beneficial effects of these compounds on reducing inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Finally, this review advocates for a deeper investigation into the molecular crosstalk between mitochondrial dynamics and the NLRP3 inflammasome as a means to refine therapeutic targets for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shadab
- Deputy of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Deputy of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoore Saharkhiz
- Department of immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Cellular and molecular research center, Birjand University of medical sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Behrooz Shokouhi
- Pathology Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Knecht KT, Chiriac G, Guan HD. The potential impact of a vegetarian diet on glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2024:S0039-6257(24)00048-1. [PMID: 38768761 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma has centered on the lowering of intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve; however, this strategy is not uniformly successful, especially in normal tension glaucoma, and there is interest in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other neuroprotective strategies. Vegetarian diets are known to be rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components and have a number of established health benefits. Thus, it would be reasonable to assume that vegetarian diets would be beneficial in glaucoma, but this approach has not been well studied. We examine the possible role of vegetarian diets and their components in the incidence and progression of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn T Knecht
- Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiriac
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Howard D Guan
- Loma Linda University Eye Institute, Loma Linda, California, USA.
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Dai Y, Guo Y, Tang W, Chen D, Xue L, Chen Y, Guo Y, Wei S, Wu M, Dai J, Wang S. Reactive oxygen species-scavenging nanomaterials for the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:252. [PMID: 38750509 PMCID: PMC11097501 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
With increasing proportion of the elderly in the population, age-related diseases (ARD) lead to a considerable healthcare burden to society. Prevention and treatment of ARD can decrease the negative impact of aging and the burden of disease. The aging rate is closely associated with the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-mediated oxidative stress in aging triggers aging-related changes through lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA oxidation. Antioxidants can control autoxidation by scavenging free radicals or inhibiting their formation, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Benefiting from significant advances in nanotechnology, a large number of nanomaterials with ROS-scavenging capabilities have been developed. ROS-scavenging nanomaterials can be divided into two categories: nanomaterials as carriers for delivering ROS-scavenging drugs, and nanomaterials themselves with ROS-scavenging activity. This study summarizes the current advances in ROS-scavenging nanomaterials for prevention and treatment of ARD, highlights the potential mechanisms of the nanomaterials used and discusses the challenges and prospects for their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Weicheng Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liru Xue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yican Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Simin Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Belenichev I, Popazova O, Bukhtiyarova N, Savchenko D, Oksenych V, Kamyshnyi O. Modulating Nitric Oxide: Implications for Cytotoxicity and Cytoprotection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:504. [PMID: 38790609 PMCID: PMC11118938 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant progress in the fields of biology, physiology, molecular medicine, and pharmacology; the designation of the properties of nitrogen monoxide in the regulation of life-supporting functions of the organism; and numerous works devoted to this molecule, there are still many open questions in this field. It is widely accepted that nitric oxide (•NO) is a unique molecule that, despite its extremely simple structure, has a wide range of functions in the body, including the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system (CNS), reproduction, the endocrine system, respiration, digestion, etc. Here, we systematize the properties of •NO, contributing in conditions of physiological norms, as well as in various pathological processes, to the mechanisms of cytoprotection and cytodestruction. Current experimental and clinical studies are contradictory in describing the role of •NO in the pathogenesis of many diseases of the cardiovascular system and CNS. We describe the mechanisms of cytoprotective action of •NO associated with the regulation of the expression of antiapoptotic and chaperone proteins and the regulation of mitochondrial function. The most prominent mechanisms of cytodestruction-the initiation of nitrosative and oxidative stresses, the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and participation in apoptosis and mitosis. The role of •NO in the formation of endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction is also considered. Moreover, we focus on the various ways of pharmacological modulation in the nitroxidergic system that allow for a decrease in the cytodestructive mechanisms of •NO and increase cytoprotective ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Belenichev
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Formulation with Course of Normal Physiology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69000 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Olena Popazova
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69000 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Nina Bukhtiyarova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69000 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Savchenko
- Department of Pharmacy and Industrial Drug Technology, Bogomolets National Medical University, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine;
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7
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Wang K, Pu Y, Chen L, Hoshino M, Uesugi K, Yagi N, Chen X, Usui Y, Hanashima A, Hashimoto K, Mohri S, Pierscionek BK. Optical development in the murine eye lens of accelerated senescence-prone SAMP8 and senescence-resistant SAMR1 strains. Exp Eye Res 2024; 241:109858. [PMID: 38467176 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The eye lens is responsible for focusing objects at various distances onto the retina and its refractive power is determined by its surface curvature as well as its internal gradient refractive index (GRIN). The lens continues to grow with age resulting in changes to the shape and to the GRIN profile. The present study aims to investigate how the ageing process may influence lens optical development. Murine lenses of accelerated senescence-prone strain (SAMP8) aged from 4 to 50 weeks; senescence-resistant strain (SAMR1) aged from 5 to 52 weeks as well as AKR strain (served as control) aged from 6 to 70 weeks were measured using the X-ray interferometer at the SPring-8 synchrotron Japan within three consecutive years from 2020 to 2022. Three dimensional distributions of the lens GRIN were reconstructed using the measured data and the lens shapes were determined using image segmentation in MatLab. Variations in the parameters describing the lens shape and the GRIN profile with age were compared amongst three mouse strains. With advancing age, both the lens anterior and posterior surface flattens and the lens sagittal thickness increase in all three mouse strains (Anterior radius of curvature increase at 0.008 mm/week, 0.007 mm/week and 0.002 mm/week while posterior radius of curvature increase at 0.002 mm/week, 0.007 mm/week and 0.003 mm/week respectively in AKR, SAMP8 and SAMR1 lenses). Compared with the AKR strain, the SAMP8 samples demonstrate a higher rate of increase in the posterior curvature radius (0.007 mm/week) and the thickness (0.015 mm/week), whilst the SAMR1 samples show slower increases in the anterior curvature radius (0.002 mm/week) and its thickness (0.013 mm/week). There are similar age-related trends in GRIN shape in the radial direction (in all three types of murine lenses nr2 and nr6 increase with age while nr4 decrease with age consistently) but not in the axial direction amongst three mouse strains (nz1 of AKR lens decrease while of SAMP8 and SAMR1 increase with age; nz2 of all three models increase with age; nz3 of AKR lens increase while of SAMP8 and SAMR1 decrease with age). The ageing process can influence the speed of lens shape change and affect the GRIN profile mainly in the axial direction, contributing to an accelerated decline rate of the optical power in the senescence-prone strain (3.5 D/week compared to 2.3 D/week in the AKR control model) but a retardatory decrease in the senescence-resistant strain (2.1 D/week compared to the 2.3D/week in the AKR control model).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehao Wang
- School of Engineering Medicine and School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yutian Pu
- School of Engineering Medicine and School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Leran Chen
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Masato Hoshino
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (Spring-8), 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Uesugi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (Spring-8), 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan.
| | - Naoto Yagi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (Spring-8), 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan.
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, China.
| | - Yuu Usui
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Akira Hanashima
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Ken Hashimoto
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Mohri
- First Department of Physiology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Barbara K Pierscionek
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Medical Technology Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Bishops Hall Lane, Chelmsford, United Kingdom.
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An S, Anwar K, Ashraf M, Han KY, Djalilian AR. Chlorine-Induced Toxicity on Murine Cornea: Exploring the Potential Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Cells 2024; 13:458. [PMID: 38474422 PMCID: PMC10930774 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorine (Cl2) exposure poses a significant risk to ocular health, with the cornea being particularly susceptible to its corrosive effects. Antioxidants, known for their ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviate oxidative stress, were explored as potential therapeutic agents to counteract chlorine-induced damage. In vitro experiments using human corneal epithelial cells showed decreased cell viability by chlorine-induced ROS production, which was reversed by antioxidant incubation. The mitochondrial membrane potential decreased due to both low and high doses of Cl2 exposure; however, it was recovered through antioxidants. The wound scratch assay showed that antioxidants mitigated impaired wound healing after Cl2 exposure. In vivo and ex vivo, after Cl2 exposure, increased corneal fluorescein staining indicates damaged corneal epithelial and stromal layers of mice cornea. Likewise, Cl2 exposure in human ex vivo corneas led to corneal injury characterized by epithelial fluorescein staining and epithelial erosion. However, antioxidants protected Cl2-induced damage. These results highlight the effects of Cl2 on corneal cells using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models while also underscoring the potential of antioxidants, such as vitamin A, vitamin C, resveratrol, and melatonin, as protective agents against acute chlorine toxicity-induced corneal injury. Further investigation is needed to confirm the antioxidants' capacity to alleviate oxidative stress and enhance the corneal healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon An
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (K.-Y.H.)
- Clinical Stem Cell Laboratory, UI Blood & Marrow Transplant Program, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Khandaker Anwar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (K.-Y.H.)
| | - Mohammadjavad Ashraf
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (K.-Y.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
| | - Kyu-Yeon Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (K.-Y.H.)
| | - Ali R. Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.A.); (M.A.); (K.-Y.H.)
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9
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Luo J, Zhang M, Chen Y, Zhang G, Zhou T, Kang L, Chen X, Guan H. Comprehensive analysis of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network involved in spontaneous recovery of an H 2O 2-induced zebrafish cataract model. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109820. [PMID: 38340946 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the hub miRNAs and mRNAs contributing to the spontaneous recovery of an H2O2-induced zebrafish cataract model. METHODS Zebrafishes were divided into three groups, i.e., Group A, which included normal control fish (day 0), and Groups B and C, where fish were injected with 2.5% hydrogen peroxide into the anterior chamber and reared for 14 and 30 days, respectively. Fish eyes were examined by stereomicroscope photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). RNA profiles of fish lenses were detected by RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) were identified among three groups. The DEGs and DEmiRs, which changed in opposite positions between "B vs. A" and "C vs. B" were defined as ODGs (opposite positions changed DEGs) and ODmiRs (opposite positions changed DEmiRs). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) analysis were carried out by R language. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed using STRING. Potential targets of miRNAs were obtained using miRanda. miRNA-mRNA networks were constructed by Cytoscape. RESULTS The fish lens opacity formed on day 14 and recovered to transparent on day 30 after injection. Compared to group B, 1366 DEGs and 54 DEmiRs were identified in group C. "C vs. B" DEGs were enriched in gene clusters related to development and oxidative phosphorylation. Target genes of DEmiRs were enriched in clusters such as development and cysteine metabolism. Among three groups, 786 ODGs and 27 ODmiRs were identified, and 480 ODGs were predicted as targets of ODmiRs. Target ODGs were enriched in pathways related to methionine metabolism, ubiquitin, sensory system development, and structural constituents of the eye lens. In addition, we established an ODmiRs-ODGs regulation network. CONCLUSION We identified several hub mRNAs and altered miRNAs in the formation and reversal of zebrafish cataracts. These hub miRNAs/mRNAs could be potential targets for the non-surgical treatment of ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Luo
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mu Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianqiu Zhou
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihua Kang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Party Committee Personnel Work, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Pacheco AIP. Cataractogenesis and molecular pathways, with reactive free oxygen species as a common pathway. Surv Ophthalmol 2023:S0039-6257(23)00144-3. [PMID: 37944599 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Slowing down or stopping the natural process of cataractogenesis is certainly a challenge for those who today propose an option other than surgery. Addressing the same problem in different ways constitutes a new approach to solving what is today the number one cause of reversible blindness worldwide. The technological revolution, as well as the advances in the biological sciences, allows us to conceive mechanisms never thought of before to stop the process that, as a common pathway, constitutes opacification of the crystalline lens. A new dawn for cataracts is coming through molecular, newly-discovered mechanisms. Cataractogenesis and molecular pathways have reactive free oxygen species as a common pathway. Surgical removal is today's gold standard, but perhaps not for much longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Iván Pérez Pacheco
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Medical Science, Ophthalmological General Teaching Center Hospital "Dr. Enrique Cabrera", Havana, Cuba.
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11
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Zhang K, Di G, Li B, Ge H, Bai Y, Bian W, Wang D, Chen P. AQP5 deficiency promotes the senescence of lens epithelial cells through mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 680:184-193. [PMID: 37742347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Cataract is lens opacity, which is a common blinding eye disease worldwide. Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is expressed in the human and mouse lenses. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of AQP5 in the senescence of lens epithelial cells (LECs). Primary LECs were isolated and cultured from Aqp5+/+ and Aqp5-/- mice. Western blot or immunofluorescence staining of p16, Ki67, MitoSOX, JC-1 and phalloidin was used in the experiments to evaluate the changes in the primary LECs. The primary Aqp5-/- LECs showed increased p16 expression and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and activity, and cytoskeletal disorders. When the cells were pretreated with Mito-TEMPO, the Aqp5-/- mice showed decreased p16 expression, reduced mitochondrial dysfunction and cytoskeletal disorders. Our results revealed that AQP5 deficiency promotes the senescence of primary LECs through mitochondrial dysfunction. This provides a new perspective for the treatment of cataracts by regulating AQP5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaier Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Guohu Di
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China; Institute of Stem Cell Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Huanhuan Ge
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Wenhan Bian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Dianqiang Wang
- Qingdao Aier Eye Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266400, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China; Institute of Stem Cell Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
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12
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Zhang X, Liu B, Lal K, Liu H, Tran M, Zhou M, Ezugwu C, Gao X, Dang T, Au ML, Brown E, Wu H, Liao Y. Antioxidant System and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cataracts. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:4041-4058. [PMID: 37874455 PMCID: PMC10842247 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The primary underlying contributor for cataract, a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness worldwide, is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress triggers protein damage, cell apoptosis, and subsequent cataract formation. The nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) serves as a principal redox transcriptional factor in the lens, offering a line of defense against oxidative stress. In response to oxidative challenges, Nrf2 dissociates from its inhibitor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), moves to the nucleus, and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) to activate the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system. In parallel, oxidative stress also induces endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated during oxidative stress, can directly damage proteins, causing them to misfold. Initially, the unfolded protein response (UPR) activates to mitigate excessive misfolded proteins. Yet, under persistent or severe stress, the failure to rectify protein misfolding leads to an accumulation of these aberrant proteins, pushing the UPR towards an apoptotic pathway, further contributing to cataractogenesis. Importantly, there is a dynamic interaction between the Nrf2 antioxidant system and the ERS/UPR mechanism in the lens. This interplay, where ERS/UPR can modulate Nrf2 expression and vice versa, holds potential therapeutic implications for cataract prevention and treatment. This review explores the intricate crosstalk between these systems, aiming to illuminate strategies for future advancements in cataract prevention and intervention. The Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system communicates and cross-talks with the ERS/UPR pathway. Both mechanisms are proposed to play pivotal roles in the onset of cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kevin Lal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Haihua Liu
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Myhoa Tran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Manyu Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chimdindu Ezugwu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Terry Dang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - My-Lien Au
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Erica Brown
- School of Medicine, Texas Christian University and University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Hongli Wu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
| | - Yan Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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13
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Guru A, Rady A, Darwish NM, Malafaia G, Arokiyaraj S, Arockiaraj J. Synergetic effects of polyethylene microplastic and abamectin pesticides on the eyes of zebrafish larvae and adults through activation of apoptosis signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 102:104215. [PMID: 37423395 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) and pesticides has recently been described, the possible effects of combining these pollutants are poorly understood. Thus, we evaluated the potential impact of exposure to polyethylene MP (PE-MP) and abamectin (ABM) (alone and combined) in zebrafish. After five days, the combined exposure to MP and ABM decreased the survival rate compared to exposures to individual pollutants. A significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, and impairment in antioxidant response was observed in zebrafish larvae. Morphological changes in the eyes of zebrafish significantly increased in the combined exposure group than in the individual exposure. Furthermore, the bax and p53 expression (specific apoptotic genes) was significantly upregulated after the combined exposure to PE-MP and ABM. So, the synergetic effect of MP and ABM cannot be ignored, and further research on other higher models is required to confirm its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ahmed Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura M Darwish
- Faculty of Science Ain Shams University, Biochemistry Department, Abbasaya, P.O. Box. 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil. Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil. 16 Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Brazilian Academy of Young Scientists, ABJC, Brazil.
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Chengalpattu District, 603203 Tamil Nadu, India.
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14
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Zheng Y, Wang S, Wu J, Wang Y. Mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: new insights from pathogenic mechanisms to clinically targeted therapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:510. [PMID: 37507803 PMCID: PMC10375703 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is among the most widespread metabolic disease globally, and its associated complications including insulin resistance and diabetes have become threatening conditions for human health. Previous studies on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were focused on the liver's lipid metabolism. However, growing evidence suggests that mitochondrial metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD to varying degrees in several ways, for instance in cellular division, oxidative stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial quality control. Ultimately, liver function gradually declines as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction. The liver is unable to transfer the excess lipid droplets outside the liver. Therefore, how to regulate hepatic mitochondrial function to treat NAFLD has become the focus of current research. This review provides details about the intrinsic link of NAFLD with mitochondrial metabolism and the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunctions contribute to NAFLD progression. Given the crucial role of mitochondrial metabolism in NAFLD progression, the application potential of multiple mitochondrial function improvement modalities (including physical exercise, diabetic medications, small molecule agonists targeting Sirt3, and mitochondria-specific antioxidants) in the treatment of NAFLD was evaluated hoping to provide new insights into NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shiting Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jialiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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15
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Zhang D, Zhou X, Zhang K, Yu Y, Cui SW, Nie S. Glucomannan from Aloe vera gel maintains intestinal barrier integrity via mitigating anoikis mediated by Nrf2-mitochondria axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123803. [PMID: 36841393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of intestinal epithelium barrier is a hallmark of gut pathology. Cell death can compromise barrier function and impair epithelial restitution directly or indirectly in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our previous work demonstrated that glucomannan from Aloe vera gel (AGP) protected mice from DSS-induced colitis, with unclear mechanism of AGP-intestinal barrier interactions. Here, AGP maintained the integrity of intestinal barrier in colitis mice. RNA-Sequencing results indicated that pathways related to anoikis (apoptosis induced by loss of cell-matrix interaction), mitochondrial function and oxidative stress were significantly altered in the process of AGP-intestinal barrier interaction. Further experiments confirmed that AGP activated Nrf2, decreased ROS levels, mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction and anoikis of colonic epithelial cells in mice. Intriguingly, AGP reversed oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by knockdown or inhibitor (ML385) of Nrf2 in IEC-6 cells, which indicated the essential role of Nrf2-mitochondrial axis in the intestinal protective function of AGP. In addition, AGP alleviated anoikis caused by impaired mitochondrial function. Hence, this current work indicated that AGP might maintain intestinal barrier integrity by mitigating anoikis mediated by Nrf2-mitochondria axis. These findings provide new evidence into the effect of polysaccharides maintaining intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yongkang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Steve W Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph Research and Development Centre, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario NIG 5C9, Canada
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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16
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Potential Properties of Natural Nutraceuticals and Antioxidants in Age-Related Eye Disorders. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010077. [PMID: 36676026 PMCID: PMC9863869 DOI: 10.3390/life13010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Eye health is crucial, and the onset of diseases can reduce vision and affect the quality of life of patients. The main causes of progressive and irreversible vision loss include various pathologies, such as cataracts, ocular atrophy, corneal opacity, age-related macular degeneration, uncorrected refractive error, posterior capsular opacification, uveitis, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, undetermined disease and other disorders involving oxidative stress and inflammation. The eyes are constantly exposed to the external environment and, for this reason, must be protected from damage from the outside. Many drugs, including cortisonics and antinflammatory drugs have widely been used to counteract eye disorders. However, recent advances have been obtained via supplementation with natural antioxidants and nutraceuticals for patients. In particular, evidence has accumulated that polyphenols (mostly deriving from Citrus Bergamia) represent a reliable source of antioxidants able to counteract oxidative stress accompanying early stages of eye diseases. Luteolin in particular has been found to protect photoreceptors, thereby improving vision in many disease states. Moreover, a consistent anti-inflammatory response was found to occur when curcumin is used alone or in combination with other nutraceuticals. Additionally, Coenzyme Q10 has been demonstrated to produce a consistent effect in reducing ocular pressure, thereby leading to protection in patients undergoing glaucoma. Finally, both grape seed extract, rich in anthocyanosides, and polynsatured fatty acids seem to contribute to the prevention of retinal disorders. Thus, a combination of nutraceuticals and antioxidants may represent the right solution for a multi-action activity in eye protection, in association with current drug therapies, and this will be of potential interest in early stages of eye disorders.
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17
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Shi Y, Luo Z, You J. Subcellular delivery of lipid nanoparticles to endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1803. [PMID: 35441489 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Primarily responsible for the biogenesis and metabolism of biomolecules, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are gradually becoming the targets of therapeutic modulation, whose physiological activities and pathological manifestations determine the functional capacity and even the survival of cells. Drug delivery systems with specific physicochemical properties (passive targeting), or modified by small molecular compounds, polypeptides, and biomembranes demonstrating tropism for ER and mitochondria (active targeting) are able to reduce the nonselective accumulation of drugs, enhancing efficacy while reducing side effects. Lipid nanoparticles feature high biocompatibility, diverse cargo loading, and flexible structure modification, which are frequently used for subcellular organelle-targeted delivery of therapeutics. However, there is still a lack of systematic understanding of lipid nanoparticle-based ER and mitochondria targeting. Herein, we review the pathological significance of drug selectively delivered to the ER and mitochondria. We also summarize the molecular basis and application prospects of lipid nanoparticle-based ER and mitochondria targeting strategies, which may provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of associated diseases and disorders. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Wang Y, Zhao J, Chen S, Li D, Yang J, Zhao X, Qin M, Guo M, Chen C, He Z, Zhou Y, Xu L. Let-7 as a Promising Target in Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: A Promise or a Pledge. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081070. [PMID: 36008964 PMCID: PMC9406090 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal regulation and expression of microRNA (miRNA) are closely related to the aging process and the occurrence and development of aging-related diseases. Lethal-7 (let-7) was discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and plays an important role in development by regulating cell fate regulators. Accumulating evidence has shown that let-7 is elevated in aging tissues and participates in multiple pathways that regulate the aging process, including affecting tissue stem cell function, body metabolism, and various aging-related diseases (ARDs). Moreover, recent studies have found that let-7 plays an important role in the senescence of B cells, suggesting that let-7 may also participate in the aging process by regulating immune function. Therefore, these studies show the diversity and complexity of let-7 expression and regulatory functions during aging. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of let-7 expression regulation as well as its role in different tissue aging and aging-related diseases, which may provide new ideas for enriching the complex expression regulation mechanism and pathobiological function of let-7 in aging and related diseases and ultimately provide help for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Shipeng Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China;
| | - Ya Zhou
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy & Base for Talents in Biotherapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China; (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (D.L.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.Q.); (M.G.); (C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.X.)
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19
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Zhao M, Song X, Liu W, Qi F, Zhao T, Xia K, Liu Z, Zheng Y. Whole-cell biotransformation for large scale production of carcinine in Escherichia coli. J Biotechnol 2022; 354:45-52. [PMID: 35716886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carcinine is a natural imidazole-containing peptide derivative. It is widely used in the cosmetics industry as anti-aging supplement with antioxidant, anti-glycation and glycation reversal functions, and it also has a notable pharmacological effect as anti-tumor drug and in protection against retinopathy. However, a technological method for synthesis and production of carcinine has not been established. In this study, a whole-cell transformation system converting β-alanine and histamine to carcinine by the enzymes Ebony and phosphopantetheine transferase (Sfp) has been developed. The results revealed that the catalytic efficiency of the strain containing the fusion protein of Ebony and Sfp (Sfp-glycine-serine-glycine-Ebony, SGE) in Escherichia coli W3110 (WSGE strain) is significantly higher (7.45 mM) than the combinatorial strain of pET28a-ebony and pACYCDuet-sfp in E. coli BL21(DE3) (BSE strain) (2.17 mM). Under the optimal reaction conditions (25 ℃, pH 7.0, 12.5 g/L wet cells, 20 mM β-alanine and 40 mM histamine), the carcinine can be quickly synthesized within 24 h up to a concentration of 22.63 mM. To achieve a continuous and efficient conversion of the precursors, a batch-feeding catalysis was designed. With this system, β-alanine (40 mM) and histamine (40 mM) could be completely transformed to carcinine (40.34 mM) in 36 h with a productivity of 0.204 g/L h reaching a titer of 7.34 g/L. Hence, the batch-feeding whole-cell biocatalysis is a promising technology for the high yield production of carcinine which can promote the industrial production of carcinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangting Song
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjie Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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20
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Taurone S, Ralli M, Artico M, Madia VN, Scarpa S, Nottola SA, Maconi A, Betti M, Familiari P, Nebbioso M, Costi R, Micera A. Oxidative stress and visual system: a review. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:544-553. [PMID: 35651654 PMCID: PMC9150018 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-4663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Different types of tissues respond differently to the action of oxidative stress. The visual system is very sensitive to oxidative action due to continuous exposure to light. In consideration of the growing interest of scientific studies towards various compounds endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we performed a review of the literature focusing on the use of some antioxidant molecules for the treatment of conditions affecting the visual system. In this study, we focused on the ability of two antioxidant agents, the small molecule α-lipoic acid (ALA) and the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), to influence the neurodegenerative physiological processes related to aging and oxidative stress affecting the ocular segment. The literature data report that ALA and SOD can protect against neurodegenerative effects both the optic nerve and retina and, if administered together, they are able to lower the levels of oxidative stress, thus preventing neurodegeneration and reducing the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sensory Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Noemi Madia
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Scarpa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Annarita Nottola
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Maconi
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure, Research and Innovation Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Marta Betti
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure, Research and Innovation Department, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Pietro Familiari
- Department of Human Neurosciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sensory Organs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Costi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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21
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Sun Y, Wang X, Chen B, Huang M, Ma P, Xiong L, Huang J, Chen J, Huang S, Liu Y. TFEB-Mediated Lysosomal Restoration Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Cataracts Via Attenuating Oxidative Stress. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:26. [PMID: 35758908 PMCID: PMC9248753 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.6.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic cataract (DC) is a visual disorder arising from diabetes mellitus (DM). Autophagy, a prosurvival intracellular process through lysosomal fusion and degradation, has been implicated in multiple diabetic complications. Herein, we performed in vivo and in vitro assays to explore the specific roles of the autophagy-lysosome pathway in DC. Methods Streptozotocin-induced DM and incubation in high glucose (HG) led to rat lens opacification. Protein Simple Wes, Western blot, and immunoassay were utilized to investigate autophagic changes in lens epithelial cells (LECs) and lens fiber cells (LFCs). RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to explore genetic changes in the lenses of diabetic rats. Moreover, autophagy-lysosomal functions were examined using lysotracker, Western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses in HG-cultured primary rabbit LECs. Results First, DM and HG culture led to fibrotic LECs, swelling LFCs, and eventually cataracts. Further analysis showed aberrant autophagic degradation in LECs and LFCs during cataract formation. RNA-seq data revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in the lysosome pathway. In primary LECs, HG treatment resulted in decreased transcription factor EB (TFEB) and cathepsin B (CTSB) activity, and increased lysosomal size and pH values. Moreover, TFEB-mediated dysfunctional lysosomes resulted from excessive oxidative stress in LECs under HG conditions. Furthermore, TFEB activation by curcumin analog C1 alleviated HG-induced cataracts through enhancing lysosome biogenesis and activating protective autophagy, thereby attenuating HG-mediated oxidative damage. Conclusions In summary, we first identified that ROS-TFEB-dependent lysosomal dysfunction contributed to autophagy blockage in HG-induced cataracts. Additionally, TFEB-mediated lysosomal restoration might be a promising therapeutic method for preventing and treating DC through mitigating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Biochemical mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and other diabetic complications in humans: the methanol-formaldehyde-formic acid hypothesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:415-451. [PMID: 35607958 PMCID: PMC9828688 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in diabetic patients is associated with abnormally-elevated cellular glucose levels. It is hypothesized that increased cellular glucose will lead to increased formation of endogenous methanol and/or formaldehyde, both of which are then metabolically converted to formic acid. These one-carbon metabolites are known to be present naturally in humans, and their levels are increased under diabetic conditions. Mechanistically, while formaldehyde is a cross-linking agent capable of causing extensive cytotoxicity, formic acid is an inhibitor of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, capable of inducing histotoxic hypoxia, ATP deficiency and cytotoxicity. Chronic increase in the production and accumulation of these toxic one-carbon metabolites in diabetic patients can drive the pathogenesis of ocular as well as other diabetic complications. This hypothesis is supported by a large body of experimental and clinical observations scattered in the literature. For instance, methanol is known to have organ- and species-selective toxicities, including the characteristic ocular lesions commonly seen in humans and non-human primates, but not in rodents. Similarly, some of the diabetic complications (such as ocular lesions) also have a characteristic species-selective pattern, closely resembling methanol intoxication. Moreover, while alcohol consumption or combined use of folic acid plus vitamin B is beneficial for mitigating acute methanol toxicity in humans, their use also improves the outcomes of diabetic complications. In addition, there is also a large body of evidence from biochemical and cellular studies. Together, there is considerable experimental support for the proposed hypothesis that increased metabolic formation of toxic one-carbon metabolites in diabetic patients contributes importantly to the development of various clinical complications.
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Zhang M, Luo J, Chen X, Chen Y, Li P, Zhang G, Guan H, Lu P. Identification and Integrated Analysis of the miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Lens from an H 2O 2-Induced Zebrafish Cataract Model. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:854-865. [PMID: 35315700 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2050263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanisms of age-related cataract (ARC) formation. METHODS Cataracts in zebrafish were induced by injecting hydrogen peroxide into the fish anterior chamber. The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of the lens from H2O2-injected and PBS-injected zebrafishes were detected by RNA sequencing. The LIMMA package was applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology categories were enriched by the R "cluster Profiler" package and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment was performed based on hypergeometric distribution using the R "phyper" function. The protein-protein interaction network of DEGs was built via the STRING. Target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) were predicted by miRanda. Furthermore, DEGs were selected as DEmiR targets and a DEmiR-DEG regulatory network was constructed via Cytoscape. RESULTS In total, 3689 DEGs (such as opn1mw4, LOC103908930, si:dkeyp-1h4.8, crispld1b, cyp1a, and gdpd3a) including 2478 upregulated and 1211 downregulated genes were identified. 177 DEmiRs (such as dre-miR-96-3p, dre-miR-182-5p, dre-miR-9-7-3p, and dre-miR-124-4-5p) including 108 upregulated and 69 downregulated miRNAs were detected. The DEGs are involved in cell death, DNA repair, and cell development-related pathways. A protein-protein interaction network including 79 node genes was constructed to explore the interactions of DEGs. Furthermore, a DEmiR-DEG regulatory network focusing on the DNA repair process was constructed, including 21 hub DEGs and 15 hub DEmiRs. CONCLUSIONS We identified several DEGs and constructed a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network related to the DNA repair process in a zebrafish cataract model. These genes participate in the oxidative stress response of lens epithelium cells and finally contribute to the formation of zebrafish cataracts. The hub DEGs and hub DEmiRs could be potential therapeutic targets for ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Luo
- Eye Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Party Committee Personnel Work, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Nantong City, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Eye Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Eye Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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XRCC5 downregulated by TRIM25 is susceptible for lens epithelial cell apoptosis. Cell Signal 2022; 94:110314. [PMID: 35331835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of the lens to UVB can lead to oxidative stress, which would result in age-related cataract (ARC) formation. In this study, we investigate the regulatory mechanism of tripartite motif containing 25 (TRIM25) in ARC. The protein level of TRIM25 was elevated in ARC specimens and UVB-exposed SRA01/04 cells. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that X-ray repair cross complementing 5 (XRCC5) might interact with TRIM25, and the interaction was validated via immunoprecipitation. TRIM25 interacted with XRCC5 and ubiquitinated it for degradation. Further studies showed that XRCC5 overexpression notably repressed UVB-induced apoptosis, while XRCC5 knockdown promoted apoptosis. Of note, ubiquitination of XRCC5 mediated by TRIM25 overexpression facilitated apoptosis. Attenuation of XRCC5 ubiquitination by mutant with substitution of lysine residues with arginine residues rescued its anti-apoptosis effect. Moreover, we observed that TRIM25-mediated XRCC5 degradation was reversed by proteasome inhibitor MG-132 or lysosome inhibitor 3-MA. In conclusion, TRIM25 mediates ubiquitination of XRCC5 to regulate the function and degradation of XRCC5, suggesting that interventions targeting TRIM25 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for ARC.
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25
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Dong D, Wu J, Sheng L, Gong X, Zhang Z, Yu C. FUNDC1 induces apoptosis and autophagy under oxidative stress via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in cataract lens cells. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:547-554. [PMID: 35179404 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.2021586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This purpose of the study is to explore the mRNA and protein expression of FUNDC1 in cataract cells and tissues, clarify the function and mechanism of FUNDC1 in cataract cells under oxidative stress. METHODS We used bioinformatic analysis to screen DEGs in cataract from GSE153933. The expression of FUNDC1 in cataract specimens and cells was measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting. MethPrimer was used to predict CpG island of FUNDC1 promoter. The methylation of FUNDC1 in cataract specimens and cells was determined by MSP assay. Flow cytometry assay was used to measure cell apoptosis in FUNDC1-knockdown and -overexpression SRA01/04 cells. The expression of LC3 was analyzed by immunofluorescence assay. The expression of apoptosis related proteins, autophagy and PI3K/Akt/mTOR related proteins was determined by western blotting. RESULTS The results of bioinformatic analysis revealed that FUNDC1 was upregulation in cataract. FUNDC1 was further high expression in SRA01/04 cells with H2O2 treatment whereas hypomethylation of FUNDC1 in cataract lens cells under oxidative stress. Knockdown of FUNDC1 decreased cell apoptosis and autophagy compared with negative control of SRA01/04 cells. While overexpression of FUNDC1 elevated cell apoptosis and autophagy compared to empty vector group in SRA01/04 cells. Mechanically, FUNDC1 reduced the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway under oxidative stress in SRA01/04 cells. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that FUNDC1 deficiency restrains cell apoptosis and autophagy through inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161000, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161000, China
| | - Lijie Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161000, China
| | - Xuewu Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161000, China
| | - Zhichang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161000, China
| | - Caihan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xianning Central Hospital, The first Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, 437100, China
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Kim YE, Kim J. ROS-Scavenging Therapeutic Hydrogels for Modulation of the Inflammatory Response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 14:23002-23021. [PMID: 34962774 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for cellular processes, excessive ROS could be a major cause of various inflammatory diseases because of the oxidation of proteins, DNA, and membrane lipids. It has recently been suggested that the amount of ROS could thus be regulated to treat such physiological disorders. A ROS-scavenging hydrogel is a promising candidate for therapeutic applications because of its high biocompatibility, 3D matrix, and ability to be modified. Approaches to conferring antioxidant properties to normal hydrogels include embedding ROS-scavenging catalytic nanoparticles, modifying hydrogel polymer chains with ROS-adsorbing organic moieties, and incorporating ROS-labile linkers in polymer backbones. Such therapeutic hydrogels can be used for wound healing, cardiovascular diseases, bone repair, ocular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. ROS-scavenging hydrogels could eliminate oxidative stress, accelerate the regeneration process, and show synergetic effects with other drugs or therapeutic molecules. In this review, the mechanisms by which ROS are generated and scavenged in the body are outlined, and the effects of high levels of ROS and the resulting oxidative stress on inflammatory diseases are described. Next, the mechanism of ROS scavenging by hydrogels is explained depending on the ROS-scavenging agents embedded within the hydrogel. Lastly, the recent achievements in the development of ROS-scavenging hydrogels to treat various inflammation-associated diseases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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27
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Xu J, Li D, Lu Y, Zheng TY. Aβ monomers protect lens epithelial cells against oxidative stress by upregulating CDC25B. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:161-170. [PMID: 34478836 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed high β-amyloid (Aβ) expression levels in the nuclei of the lens epithelial cells (LECs) of healthy subjects and revealed that Aβ monomers could protect LECs from oxidative damage. Here, we further explored the mechanism by which Aβ monomers act as transcription factors to regulate the oxidative stress of LECs through high-throughput studies. First, we compared the Aβ-binding sites in the lens epithelia (LE) of age-related cataract patients with those in the LE of healthy donors via chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), and we identified comparable numbers (1648 and 1445, respectively) of Aβ peaks. Then, the KEGG tool was used for gene function enrichment analysis of these genes, which were more highly enriched in healthy LE. Combining the literature review with these KEGG analysis results, in the current study, we chose four target genes related to oxidative stress, namely, CDC25B, SOS2, CTNNA1 and Cox6a1. Then, ChIP-PCR assays, dual-luciferase reporter assays, real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to validate the regulatory effects of Aβ on these targets. Our data suggested that Aβ monomers could upregulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of CDC25B in LECs. We also confirmed that Aβ monomers could activate the Akt/Nrf2 pathway in a CDC25B-dependent manner by knockdown experiments in cultured LECs. Furthermore, we performed functional verification of the CDC25B-mediated protective effects of Aβ monomers against oxidative stress. We observed that Aβ monomers significantly improved the antioxidant capacity (the GSH level, SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity) and decreased the oxidative stress (the ROS and MDA levels) of LECs, while CDC25B knockdown decreased the antioxidant effects of Aβ, disrupting redox homeostasis. Therefore, we propose that Aβ monomers activate the Akt/Nrf2 pathway by upregulating CDC25B expression, increase various downstream antioxidant enzyme levels, maintain peroxidation-antioxidant homeostasis in LECs, and prevent the cell damage caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Tian-Yu Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China.
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28
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Cai ZY, Fu MD, Liu K, Duan XC. Therapeutic effect of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway-related drugs on age-related eye diseases through anti-oxidative stress. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1260-1273. [PMID: 34414093 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.08.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related eye diseases, including cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are the leading causes of vision loss in the world. Several studies have shown that the occurrence and development of these diseases have an important relationship with oxidative stress in the eye. The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway is a classical pathway that resists oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. This pathway is also active in the development of age-related eye diseases. A variety of drugs have been shown to treat age-related eye diseases through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE (Kelch-like ECH-Associating protein 1- nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2-antioxidant response element) pathway. This review describes the role of oxidative stress in the development of age-related eye diseases, the function and regulation of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway, and the therapeutic effects of drugs associated with this pathway on age-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yan Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Meng-Die Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuan-Chu Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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29
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Ahmadi M, Barnard S, Ainsbury E, Kadhim M. Early Responses to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation in Cellular Lens Epithelial Models. Radiat Res 2021; 197:78-91. [PMID: 34324666 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00284.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of visual impairment which can result in blindness. Cataract formation has been associated with radiation exposure; however, the mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon is still lacking. The goal of this study was to investigate mechanisms of cataract induction in isolated lens epithelial cells (LEC) exposed to ionizing radiation. Human LECs from different genetic backgrounds (SV40 immortalized HLE-B3 and primary HLEC cells) were exposed to varying doses of 137Cs gamma rays (0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 Gy), at low (0.065 Gy/min) and higher (0.3 Gy/min) dose rates. Different assays were used to measure LEC response for, e.g., viability, oxidative stress, DNA damage studies, senescence and changes to telomere length/telomerase activity at two time points (1 h and 24 h, or 24 h and 15 days, depending on the type of assay and expected response time). The viability of cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner within 24 h of irradiation. Measurement of reactive oxygen species showed an increase at 1 h postirradiation, which was alleviated within 24 h. This was consistent with DNA damage results showing high DNA damage after 1 h postirradiation which reduced significantly (but not completely) within 24 h. Induction of senescence was also observed 15 days postirradiation, but this was not attributed to telomere erosion or telomerase activity reduction. Overall, these findings provide a mechanistic understanding of low-dose radiation-induced cataractogenesis which will ultimately help to inform judgements on the magnitude of risk and improve existing radiation protection procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ahmadi
- Genomic Instability and Cell Communication Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Kidney Genetics Group, Academic Unit of Nephrology, The Medical School, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Barnard
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Munira Kadhim
- Genomic Instability and Cell Communication Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Su LY, Liu Q, Jiao L, Yao YG. Molecular Mechanism of Neuroprotective Effect of Melatonin on Morphine Addiction and Analgesic Tolerance: an Update. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4628-4638. [PMID: 34148215 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a global health problem and continues to place an enormous financial burden on society. This addiction is characterized by drug dependence sensitization and craving. Morphine has been widely used for pain relief, but chronic administration of morphine causes analgesic tolerance, hyperalgesia, and addiction, all of which limit its clinical usage. Alterations of multiple molecular pathways have been reported to be involved in the development of drug addiction, including mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive oxidative stress and nitric oxide stress, and increased levels of apoptosis, autophagy, and neuroinflammation. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that the co-administration of melatonin with morphine leads to a reversal of these affected pathways. In addition, murine models have shown that melatonin improves morphine-induced analgesic tolerance and addictive behaviors, such as behavioral sensitization, reward effect, and physical dependence. In this review, we attempt to summarize the recent findings about the beneficial effect and molecular mechanism of melatonin on mitochondrial dysfunction, uncontrolled autophagy, and neuroinflammation in morphine addiction and morphine analgesic tolerance. We propose that melatonin might be a useful supplement in the treatment opiate abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China.
| | - Qianjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Lijin Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Faranda AP, Shihan MH, Wang Y, Duncan MK. The aging mouse lens transcriptome. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108663. [PMID: 34119483 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for cataract (ARC). However, the influence of aging on the lens transcriptome is under studied. Lens epithelial (LEC) and fiber cells (LFC) were isolated from young (3 month old) and aged (24 month old) C57BL/6J mice, and the transcriptome elucidated via RNAseq. EdgeR estimated differential gene expression in pairwise contrasts, and Advaita's Ipathway guide and custom R scripts were used to evaluate the potential biological significance of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). This analysis revealed age-dependent decreases in lens differentiation marker expression in both LECs and LFCs, with gamma crystallin transcripts downregulating nearly 50 fold in aged LFCs. The expression of the transcription factors Hsf4 and Maf, which are known to activate lens fiber cell preferred genes, are downregulated, while FoxE3, which represses gamma crystallin expression, is upregulated in aged fibers. Aged LECs upregulate genes controlling the immune response, complement pathways, and cellular stress responses, including glutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3). Aged LFCs exhibit broad changes in the expression of genes regulating cell communication, and upregulate genes involved in antigen processing/presentation and cholesterol metabolism, while changes in the expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain genes are consistent with mitochondrial stress, including upregulation of NDufa4l2, which encodes an alternate electron transport chain protein. However, age did not profoundly affect the response of LECs to injury as both young and aged LECs upregulate inflammatory gene signatures at 24 h post injury to similar extents. These RNAseq profiles provide a rich data set that can be mined to understand the genetic regulation of lens aging and how this impinges on the pathophysiology of age related cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Faranda
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Delaware Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Mahbubul H Shihan
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Delaware Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Delaware Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Melinda K Duncan
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Delaware Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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UV Effect on Human Anterior Lens Capsule Macro-Molecular Composition Studied by Synchrotron-Based FTIR Micro-Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105249. [PMID: 34065666 PMCID: PMC8156142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is an important risk factor in cataractogenesis. Lens epithelial cells (LECs), which are a highly metabolically active part of the lens, play an important role in UV-induced cataractogenesis. The purpose of this study was to characterize cell compounds such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids in human UV C-irradiated anterior lens capsules (LCs) with LECs, as well as to compare them with the control, non-irradiated LCs of patients without cataract, by using synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) micro-spectroscopy. In order to understand the effect of the UV C on the LC bio-macromolecules in a context of cataractogenesis, we used the SR-FTIR micro-spectroscopy setup installed on the beamline MIRAS at the Spanish synchrotron light source ALBA, where measurements were set to achieve a single-cell resolution with high spectral stability and high photon flux. UV C irradiation of LCs resulted in a significant effect on protein conformation with protein formation of intramolecular parallel β-sheet structure, lower phosphate and carboxyl bands in fatty acids and amino acids, and oxidative stress markers with significant increase of lipid peroxidation and diminishment of the asymmetric CH3 band.
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Ravandeh M, Coliva G, Kahlert H, Azinfar A, Helm CA, Fedorova M, Wende K. Protective Role of Sphingomyelin in Eye Lens Cell Membrane Model against Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020276. [PMID: 33668553 PMCID: PMC7918908 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the eye lens cell membrane, the lipid composition changes during the aging process: the proportion of sphingomyelins (SM) increases, that of phosphatidylcholines decreases. To investigate the protective role of the SMs in the lens cell membrane against oxidative damage, analytical techniques such as electrochemistry, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were applied. Supported lipid bilayers (SLB) were prepared to mimic the lens cell membrane with different fractions of PLPC/SM (PLPC: 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). The SLBs were treated with cold physical plasma. A protective effect of 30% and 44% in the presence of 25%, and 75% SM in the bilayer was observed, respectively. PLPC and SM oxidation products were determined via HR-MS for SLBs after plasma treatment. The yield of fragments gradually decreased as the SM ratio increased. Topographic images obtained by AFM of PLPC-bilayers showed SLB degradation and pore formation after plasma treatment, no degradation was observed in PLPC/SM bilayers. The results of all techniques confirm the protective role of SM in the membrane against oxidative damage and support the idea that the SM content in lens cell membrane is increased during aging in the absence of effective antioxidant systems to protect the eye from oxidative damage and to prolong lens transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ravandeh
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (K.W.)
| | - Giulia Coliva
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (G.C.); (M.F.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heike Kahlert
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Amir Azinfar
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 6, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (A.A.); (C.A.H.)
| | - Christiane A. Helm
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 6, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (A.A.); (C.A.H.)
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (G.C.); (M.F.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (K.W.)
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Kim MH, Kim DH, Yang SG, Kim DY. Improved effect of a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human retinal pigment epithelium cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:7. [PMID: 33472699 PMCID: PMC7819191 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative damage to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells contributes to the development of age-related macular degeneration, which is among the leading causes of visual loss in elderly people. In the present study, we evaluated the protective role of triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-Niacin against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in RPE cells. Methods The cellular viability, lactate dehydrogenase release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial function of retinal ARPE-19 cells were determined under treatment with H2O2 or pre-treatment with TPP-Niacin. The expression level of mitochondrial related genes and some transcription factors were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results TPP-Niacin significantly improved cell viability, reduced ROS generation, and increased the antioxidant enzymes in H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction from the H2O2-induced oxidative stress was also considerably diminished by TPP-Niacin treatment, along with reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and upregulation of the mitochondrial-associated gene. In addition, TPP-Niacin markedly enhanced the expression of transcription factors (PGC-1α and NRF2) and antioxidant-associated genes (especially HO-1 and NQO-1). Conclusion We verified the protective effect of TPP-Niacin against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RPE cells. TPP-Niacin is believed to protect against mitochondrial dysfunction by upregulating antioxidant-related genes, such as PGC-1α, NRF2, HO-1, and NQO-1, in RPE cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-020-00471-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hee Kim
- Inha Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Do-Hun Kim
- Inha Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, South Korea
| | - Su Geun Yang
- Inha Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 FOUR Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, South Korea.
| | - Dae Yu Kim
- Inha Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea. .,Center for Sensor Systems, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
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Álvarez-Barrios A, Álvarez L, García M, Artime E, Pereiro R, González-Iglesias H. Antioxidant Defenses in the Human Eye: A Focus on Metallothioneins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:89. [PMID: 33440661 PMCID: PMC7826537 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human eye, the highly specialized organ of vision, is greatly influenced by oxidants of endogenous and exogenous origin. Oxidative stress affects all structures of the human eye with special emphasis on the ocular surface, the lens, the retina and its retinal pigment epithelium, which are considered natural barriers of antioxidant protection, contributing to the onset and/or progression of eye diseases. These ocular structures contain a complex antioxidant defense system slightly different along the eye depending on cell tissue. In addition to widely studied enzymatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, peroxiredoxins and selenoproteins, inter alia, metallothioneins (MTs) are considered antioxidant proteins of growing interest with further cell-mediated functions. This family of cysteine rich and low molecular mass proteins captures and neutralizes free radicals in a redox-dependent mechanism involving zinc binding and release. The state of the art of MTs, including the isoforms classification, the main functions described to date, the Zn-MT redox cycle as antioxidant defense system, and the antioxidant activity of Zn-MTs in the ocular surface, lens, retina and its retinal pigment epithelium, dependent on the number of occupied zinc-binding sites, will be comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Álvarez-Barrios
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lydia Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Montserrat García
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enol Artime
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
| | - Rosario Pereiro
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Héctor González-Iglesias
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (A.Á.-B.); (L.Á.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (R.P.)
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
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Kim MH, Kwon SY, Woo SY, Seo WD, Kim DY. Antioxidative Effects of Chrysoeriol via Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Modulation of Mitochondrial Function. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020313. [PMID: 33435366 PMCID: PMC7826659 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell dysfunction caused by excessive oxidative damage is partly involved in age-related macular degeneration, which is among the leading causes of visual impairment in elderly people. Here, we investigated the protective role of chrysoeriol against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in RPE cells. The cellular viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial function of retinal ARPE-19 cells were monitored under oxidative stress or pre-treatment with chrysoeriol. The expression levels of mitochondrial-related genes and associated transcription factors were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Moreover, the protein expression of antioxidant signal molecules was characterized by Western blot analysis. Chrysoeriol significantly increased cell viability, reduced ROS generation, and increased the occurrence of antioxidant molecules in H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction caused by H2O2-induced oxidative stress was also considerably diminished by chrysoeriol treatment, which reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and upregulated mitochondrial-associated genes and proteins. Chrysoeriol also markedly enhanced key transcription factors (Nrf2) and antioxidant-associated genes (particularly HO-1 and NQO-1). Therefore, our study confirms the protective effect of chrysoeriol against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RPE cells, thus confirming that it may prevent mitochondrial dysfunction by upregulating antioxidant-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hee Kim
- Inha Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - So Yeon Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - So-Yeun Woo
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Crop Science, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (S.-Y.W.); (W.D.S.)
| | - Woo Duck Seo
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Crop Science, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (S.-Y.W.); (W.D.S.)
| | - Dae Yu Kim
- Inha Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Center for Sensor Systems, College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-860-7394
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The Protective Effects of Flavonoids in Cataract Formation through the Activation of Nrf2 and the Inhibition of MMP-9. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123651. [PMID: 33261005 PMCID: PMC7759919 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts account for over half of global blindness. Cataracts formations occur mainly due to aging and to the direct insults of oxidative stress and inflammation to the eye lens. The nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcriptional factor for cell cytoprotection, is known as the master regulator of redox homeostasis. Nrf2 regulates nearly 600 genes involved in cellular protection against contributing factors of oxidative stress, including aging, disease, and inflammation. Nrf2 was reported to disrupt the oxidative stress that activates Nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) and proinflammatory cytokines. One of these cytokines is matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), which participates in the decomposition of lens epithelial cells (LECs) extracellular matrix and has been correlated with cataract development. Thus, during inflammatory processes, MMP production may be attenuated by the Nrf2 pathway or by the Nrf2 inhibition of NFκB pathway activation. Moreover, plant-based polyphenols have garnered attention due to their presumed safety and efficacy, nutritional, and antioxidant effects. Polyphenol compounds can activate Nrf2 and inhibit MMP-9. Therefore, this review focuses on discussing Nrf2's role in oxidative stress and cataract formation, epigenetic effect in Nrf2 activity, and the association between Nrf2 and MMP-9 in cataract development. Moreover, we describe the protective role of flavonoids in cataract formation, targeting Nrf2 activation and MMP-9 synthesis inhibition as potential molecular targets in preventing cataracts.
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Feng W, Yang X, Feng M, Pan H, Liu J, Hu Y, Wang S, Zhang D, Ma F, Mao Y. Alginate Oligosaccharide Prevents against D-galactose-mediated Cataract in C57BL/6J Mice via Regulating Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:802-810. [PMID: 33153341 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1842456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), obtained from depolymerizing alginate, has multiple pharmacological benefits. Cataract is a common disease caused by turbidity of the lens protein due to lens metabolism disorders. This study aimed to test the effects and the underlying mechanisms of AOS on D-galactose (D-gal)-mediated cataract. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 45 8-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. After eight weeks' intervention, the score of cataract was calculated depending on the turbidity of the lens. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were observed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured by corresponding detection kits, respectively. SOD1, SOD2, catalase (CAT) and p53 protein expressions were examined by Western blot. Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA expressions were examined by Quantitative Real Time-PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS The score of the turbidity of the lens showed that AOS significantly delayed the cataractogenesis. HE staining and TEM imaging showed that AOS decreased the damage and senescence of lenses in D-gal-induced C57BL/6 J mice. We further detected aging marker p53 expression in crystalline lenses, and our result showed that AOS significantly inhibited p53 protein expression in D-gal-induced mice. In addition, SOD activity and MDA level detection results showed that AOS significantly increased the activity of SOD, and decreased the level of MDA in crystalline lenses homogenates of D-gal-induced aging mice. Western blot results showed that AOS attenuated the damage of D-gal in the protein expressions of antioxidative enzymes SOD1, SOD2 and CAT. RT-qPCR results showed that AOS suppressed the down-regulation of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA expressions induced by D-gal. CONCLUSIONS AOS prevents against D-gal-mediated cataract in C57BL/6 J mice via inhibiting oxidative stress and up-regulating antioxidant system. Consequently, our results suggest that AOS may be an effective therapeutic strategy against cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Feng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuejiao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meiping Feng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianya Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fenghua Ma
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjun Mao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Koç Ş, Baysal SS. Practical Method for Salt Intake Follow-Up in Hypertensive Patients. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:353-361. [PMID: 32580624 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obese and hypertensive (HT) patients should restrict salt intake. In excessive salt intake, ouabain-like compounds inhibit Na/K-ATPase (Na+ pump), which increases intracellular Na+ and Ca2+. Ca2+ has a vasotonic effect on arteries and an inotropic effect on the heart and may cause cortical opacities in the lens. To our knowledge, there is still no practical method for salt intake follow-up. This study tested whether salt intake follow-up can be performed with the help of opacity tracking. Methods: In total, 400 HT patients (age 30-69 years) with cortical lens opacities were included in the study. Changes in opacities based on biomicroscopic examination at baseline and after 3 months were recorded digitally with the help of imaging software. Salt intake at 1 and 3 months was evaluated with a 24-hr urine Na assay. Changes in opacities were compared among group 1 (∼50% salt reduction), group 2 (∼10% salt reduction), and group 3 (∼15% salt increase). Results: Age and changes in small opacity diameter (SOD) and large opacity diameter (LOD) were the most important determinants of the 50% salt reduction in the third month. For changes in LOD, the sensitivity was 88.5% [confidence interval (95% CI) 85.2-91.7] and specificity was 95.5% (95% CI 93.1-98.7) for predicting a 50% salt restriction during the 3-month period. For SOD, the values were 85% (95% CI 82.5-87) and 95% (95% CI 92.3-97.5), respectively. Conclusions: Opacity changes are a practical method for predicting a 50% reduction in salt intake over a 3-month period in 30- to 59-year-old HT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şahbender Koç
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences. Keçiören Education and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sadettin Selçuk Baysal
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Şanlıurfa Mehmet Akif İnan Education and Training Hospital, Urfa, Turkey
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Kreuzer M, Dučić T, Hawlina M, Andjelic S. Synchrotron-based FTIR microspectroscopy of protein aggregation and lipids peroxidation changes in human cataractous lens epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15489. [PMID: 32968091 PMCID: PMC7511928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide but the mechanisms involved in the process of cataractogenesis are not yet fully understood. Two most prevalent types of age-related cataracts are nuclear (N) and cortical (C) cataracts. A common environmental factor in most age-related cataracts is believed to be oxidative stress. The lens epithelium, the first physical and biological barrier in the lens, is build from lens epithelial cells (LECs). LECs are important for the maintenance of lens transparency as they control energy production, antioxidative mechanisms and biochemical transport for the whole lens. The purpose of this study is to characterize compounds in LECs originated from N and C cataracts, by using the synchrotron radiation-based Fourier Transform Infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy, in order to understand the functional importance of their different bio-macromolecules in cataractogenesis. We used the SR-FTIR microspectroscopy setup installed on the beamline MIRAS at the Spanish synchrotron light source ALBA, where measurements were set to achieve single cell resolution, with high spectral stability and high photon flux. The results showed that protein aggregation in form of fibrils was notably pronounced in LECs of N cataracts, while oxidative stress and the lipids peroxidation were more pronounced in LECs of C cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kreuzer
- CELLS-ALBA, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanja Dučić
- CELLS-ALBA, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marko Hawlina
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre, Grablovičeva 46, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sofija Andjelic
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre, Grablovičeva 46, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Interplay between Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Amyloidosis in the Anterior Segment of the Eye; Its Pathological Implications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6286105. [PMID: 32566091 PMCID: PMC7291327 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6286105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are different pathologies associated with amyloidogenic processes caused by the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the overactivation of inflammatory responses. These alterations are present in different regions of the anterior segment of the eye, and they have been associated with the development and progression of ocular pathologies, such as glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, keratitis, and cataracts among other pathologies. Aim. To discuss briefly the anatomical characteristics of the anterior segment of the eye and describe the interaction between oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory responses, emphasizing the misfolding of several proteins leading to amyloidogenic processes occurring in the anterior segment and their implications in the development of ocular diseases. We performed a search on PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase using the MeSH terms “eye,” “anterior segment”, “inflammation”, “oxidative stress”, and “amyloidosis”. The search encompassed manuscripts published up to April 2019. A hundred forty-four published studies met the inclusion criteria. We present the current knowledge regarding the interaction between OS and the activation of inflammatory processes and how both can cause conformational changes in several peptides and proteins in each compartment of the anterior segment. However, we found that there is no consensus about which factor is the first to cause amyloidosis. Our conclusions suggest that there is an interplay among these factors forming a vicious cycle that leads to the loss of protein structure in ocular pathologies, and multifactorial therapies should be developed to avoid protein misfolding and to stop the progression of ocular pathologies.
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Na YJ, Choi KJ, Jung WH, Park SB, Kang S, Ahn JH, Kim KY. A Novel Selective 11β-HSD1 Inhibitor, (E)-4-(2-(6-(2,6-Dichloro-4-(Trifluoromethyl)Phenyl)-4-Methyl-1,1-Dioxido-1,2,6-Thiadiazinan-2-yl)Acetamido)Adamantan-1-Carboxamide (KR-67607), Prevents BAC-Induced Dry Eye Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103729. [PMID: 32466320 PMCID: PMC7279275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome is the most common eye disease and it is caused by various reasons. As the balance of the tear film that protects the eyes is broken due to various causes, it becomes impossible to properly protect the eyes. In this study, the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of topical (E)-4-(2-(6-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-methyl-1,1-dioxido-1,2,6-thiadiazinan-2-yl)acetamido)adamantan-1-carboxamide (KR-67607), a novel selective 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor, were investigated in benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye syndrome. BAC-treated rat eyes induced significant increases in ocular surface damage, decreased corneal thickness, corneal basement membrane destruction in the conjunctival epithelium, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and 11β-HSD1. These effects of BAC were reversed by topical KR-67607 treatment. Furthermore, KR-67607 decreased 4-hydroxynonenal expression and increased antioxidant and mucus secretion in BAC-treated rat eyes. Taken together, a novel selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor can prevent BAC-induced dry eye syndrome by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine and reactive oxygen species expression via the inhibition of both 11β-HSD1 activity and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Ju Na
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.N.); (K.J.C.); (W.H.J.); (S.B.P.); (S.K.)
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Choi
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.N.); (K.J.C.); (W.H.J.); (S.B.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Won Hoon Jung
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.N.); (K.J.C.); (W.H.J.); (S.B.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Sung Bum Park
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.N.); (K.J.C.); (W.H.J.); (S.B.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Sein Kang
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.N.); (K.J.C.); (W.H.J.); (S.B.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea;
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea; (Y.-J.N.); (K.J.C.); (W.H.J.); (S.B.P.); (S.K.)
- Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-860-7471
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Long Non-Coding RNA and mRNA Profiling in Early-Stage Bovine Embryos Treated with Glutathione. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050402. [PMID: 32397280 PMCID: PMC7278749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We measured differential expression profiles of genes and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) using RNA sequencing in bovine embryos with or without glutathione (GSH) treatment. Bovine embryos fertilized in vitro were treated with GSH to blastocyst. Embryos at the 8-16-cell and morula stages were collected, with embryos without GSH treatment as the control. RNA was isolated, amplified, and sequenced. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified and bioinformatic analyses carried out. Transcript levels were confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR. A total of 4100 DEGs were identified, of which 3952 were in GSH-treated morulae and 884 in untreated morulae. More gene ontology (GO) terms were associated with GSH treatment than with control conditions. KEGG analysis showed that glutathione metabolism, citrate cycle, and metabolic pathways involving glycine, serine, and threonine were observed only in GSH-treated embryos. Among 4273 DElncRNAs identified, 59 were potentially important in GSH-treated embryo development, including 14 involved in glutathione metabolism. The 59 DElncRNAs co-expressed with protein-coding mRNAs involved similar GO terms and pathways as the DEGs. This appears to be the first comprehensive profiling of DEGs and DElncRNAs in bovine embryos fertilized in vitro with or without GSH, and the first systematic screen of potential lncRNAs in bovine embryos.
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Potential Protective and Therapeutic Roles of the Nrf2 Pathway in Ocular Diseases: An Update. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9410952. [PMID: 32273949 PMCID: PMC7125500 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9410952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor- (erythroid-derived 2-) like 2 (Nrf2) is a regulator of many processes of life, and it plays an important role in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic responses and in cancer. This review is focused on the potential mechanism of Nrf2 in the occurrence and development of ocular diseases. Also, several Nrf2 inducers, including noncoding RNAs and exogenous compounds, which control the expression of Nrf2 through different pathways, are discussed in ocular disease models and ocular cells, protecting them from dysfunctional changes. Therefore, Nrf2 might be a potential target of protecting ocular cells from various stresses and preventing ocular diseases.
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Let-7c-3p Regulates Autophagy under Oxidative Stress by Targeting ATG3 in Lens Epithelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6069390. [PMID: 32258130 PMCID: PMC7102475 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6069390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is an important factor during age-related cataract formation. Apoptosis and autophagy induced by oxidative stress have been reported as key factors in age-related cataract. In our research, we investigated the role of let-7c-3p in the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis during the formation of age-related cataract. Material and Methods. Real-time PCR and western blot were employed to detect the expression of let-7c-3p in the tissues of age-related cataract. Human lens epithelial cells (LECs) were treated with H2O2 as an age-related cataract model. The extent of apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and western blot. To detect autophagy, immunofluorescence was used to analyze the spot number of LC3, and western blot was used to detect the expression of LC3-II/I and ATG3. The molecular mechanisms of let-7c-3p regulating autophagy via ATG3 under oxidative stress were performed by a luciferase report gene assay and rescue experiment. Results Downregulation of let-7c-3p was found in the age-related cataract group aged >65 years relative to the age-related cataract group aged ≤65 years. Consistently, the expression of let-7c-3p was also lower under oxidative stress. The activities of LEC apoptosis and autophagy induced by oxidative stress were inhibited by let-7c-3p. By the bioinformatics database and the luciferase reporter assay, ATG3 was found to be a direct target of let-7c-3p. Let-7c-3p reduced the ATG3-mediated autophagy level, which was induced by oxidative stress in LECs. Conclusion Let-7c-3p inhibits autophagy by targeting ATG3 in LECs in age-related cataract.
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Wojnar W, Zych M, Borymski S, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. Chrysin Reduces Oxidative Stress but Does Not Affect Polyol Pathway in the Lenses of Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020160. [PMID: 32079112 PMCID: PMC7070579 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged hyperglycemia is one of the main causes of reactive oxygen species and free radicals generation in diabetes which may affect various organs, including the eye. Oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the eye lens could lead to cataract formation. To cope with oxidative stress, the endogenous antioxidative system may be supported by the supplementation of exogenous antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chrysin, a natural flavonoid, on oxidative stress and polyol pathway-related markers in the lenses of streptozotocin-induced type 1 male diabetic rats. Chrysin at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg was administered by gavage for 28 days. This treatment resulted in a decrease in antioxidative enzymes activity and oxidative stress index. Moreover, chrysin administration elevated the reduced glutathione level in the lenses. A decrease in the markers linked to oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the lenses was noted, especially after treatment with 50 mg/kg of chrysin. Neither of the chrysin doses affected glycemia-related markers in the serum or altered parameters related to the polyol pathway and advanced glycation end-products level in the lenses of diabetic rats. Upon obtaining results, it can be concluded that chrysin reveals antioxidative activity in the lenses but shows no antihyperglycemic or antiglycation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Wojnar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.Z.); (I.K.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-364-15-25
| | - Maria Zych
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.Z.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Sławomir Borymski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (M.Z.); (I.K.-S.)
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Wang M, Li J, Zheng Y. The Potential Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) in Glaucoma: A Review. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921514. [PMID: 31949124 PMCID: PMC6986212 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) acts as a regulator of many biological processes and plays an essential role in preventing oxidation, inflammation, and fibrosis. In the past 20 years, there has been increasing research on the role of Nrf2 and oxidative stress in human glaucoma, including the roles of inflammation, trabecular meshwork cells, retinal ganglion cells, Tenon's capsule, antioxidants, fibrosis, and noncoding RNAs. Studies have shown that the upregulation of Nrf2 can reduce damage from oxidative stress in the trabecular meshwork cells and the retinal ganglion cells, reduce fibrosis in Tenon's capsule fibroblasts, which may reduce the progression of fibrosis after surgery for glaucoma. The regulatory roles of Nrf2, microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and exogenous compounds on trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs) and retinal ganglion cells have also been studied. The use of Nrf2 agonists, including noncoding RNAs, control the expression of Nrf2 through signaling pathways that continue to be investigated to identify effective treatments to improve clinical outcome following surgery for glaucoma. This review of publications between 1999 and 2019 aims to focus on the potential mechanisms of Nrf2 in the occurrence and development of glaucoma and the prognosis following surgical treatment. Also, several factors that induce the expression of Nrf2 in trabecular meshwork cells, retinal ganglion cells, and human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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Fang W, Ye Q, Yao Y, Xiu Y, Gu F, Zhu Y. Protective Effects of Trimetazidine in Retarding Selenite-Induced Lens Opacification. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:1325-1336. [PMID: 31284779 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1633359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Cataracts are the leading cause of vision loss worldwide, and the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the foremost underlying cause of cataracts. Reducing ROS levels can efficiently prevent lens opacification, as evidenced by many studies. Here, we inhibited ROS overproduction with trimetazidine (TMZ), which is an antioxidant, to explore the therapeutic effects of TMZ and the mechanism of lens opacification.Materials and methods: Sodium selenite-induced cataract formation resulted in a significant loss of lens transparency. This effect could be efficiently rescued by TMZ, which was further found to be an inhibitor of ROS production, as determined by assaying oxidative stress-related parameters (SOD activity, MDA, ·OH and H2O2 levels) during cataract formation. The experimental protocols involving animal research were approved by the Animal Care and Ethics Committee of Wenzhou Medical University and conducted according to the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology under the guidelines of the Animal Welfare Act (SYXK 2015-0009).Results: Our study found that TMZ can retard the onset and progression of lens opacification in vivo in experiments using Sprague-Dawley (SD) suckling rats and can rescue the morphology of HLEB3 cells in vitro. The flow cytometry and DNA fragmentation assays showed that TMZ could prevent sodium selenite-induced apoptosis. The western blot analysing showed that the levels of apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 and Nrf2 were dramatically decreased following the sodium selenite treatment. In addition, the bisulfate DNA sequencing revealed that the demethylation of CpGs in the promoter region of Keap1 was stimulated, and that this demethylation could be inhibited by TMZ by rescuing the Nrf2 expression level.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the antioxidant TMZ strongly reduces ROS production, which ultimately delays the progression of cataract formation, suggesting that treatment with TMZ represents a novel, promising antioxidant protection to retard cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yihua Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanghui Xiu
- Eye Institute & Xiamen Eye Centre, Affiliated Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Gu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihua Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Phototoxicity of environmental radiations in human lens: revisiting the pathogenesis of UV-induced cataract. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:2065-2077. [PMID: 31227898 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of cataract pathology is indeed significant as it is the principal cause of blindness worldwide. Also, the prominence of this concept escalates with the current aging population. The burden of the disease is more tangible in developing countries than developed ones. Regarding this concern, there is a gap in classifying the pathogenesis of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced cataracts and explaining the possible cellular and subcellular pathways. In this review, we aim to revisit the effect of UV radiation on cataracts categorizing the cellular pathways involved. This may help for better pharmaceutical treatment alternatives and their wide-reaching availability. Also, in the last section, we provide an overview of the protecting agents utilized as UV shields. Further studies are required to enlighten new treatment modalities for UV radiation-induced pathologies in human lens.
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Ullah R, Khan M, Shah SA, Saeed K, Kim MO. Natural Antioxidant Anthocyanins-A Hidden Therapeutic Candidate in Metabolic Disorders with Major Focus in Neurodegeneration. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1195. [PMID: 31141884 PMCID: PMC6628002 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
All over the world, metabolic syndrome constitutes severe health problems. Multiple factors have been reported in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic disorders result in reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced oxidative stress, playing a vital role in the development and pathogenesis of major health issues, including neurological disorders Alzheimer's disease (AD) Parkinson's disease (PD). Considerable increasing evidence indicates the substantial contribution of ROS-induced oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. An imbalanced metabolism results in a defective antioxidant defense system, free radicals causing inflammation, cellular apoptosis, and tissue damage. Due to the annual increase in financial and social burdens, in addition to the adverse effects associated with available synthetic agents, treatment diversion from synthetic to natural approaches has occurred. Antioxidants are now being considered as convincing therapeutic agents against various neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, medicinal herbs and fruits currently receive substantially more attention as commercial sources of antioxidants. In this review, we argue that ROS-targeted therapeutic interventions with naturally occurring antioxidant flavonoid, anthocyanin, and anthocyanin-loaded nanoparticles might be the ultimate treatment against devastating illnesses. Furthermore, we elucidate the hidden potential of the neuroprotective role of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-loaded nanoparticles in AD and PD neuropathies, which lack sufficient attention compared with other polyphenols, despite their strong antioxidant potential. Moreover, we address the need for future research studies of native anthocyanins and nano-based-anthocyanins, which will be helpful in developing anthocyanin treatments as therapeutic mitochondrial antioxidant drug-like regimens to delay or prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Ullah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Mehtab Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Shahid Ali Shah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology (SUIT), Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25000, Pakistan.
| | - Kamran Saeed
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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